Cell Structure

& Function
 Living things are made up of cells.
From the invention of magnifying
instruments such as the microscope, we can
see the varieties of small living creatures
and their components. We also
distinguished the organisms based on the
structural differences and the number of
cells that they have.
 ACTIVITY 1
What does a cell look like?
A
C

A. In a CHICKEN EGG
1. Which part of the egg is the EGG SHELL?
______________________
2. Which part of the egg is the EGG YOLK?
_______________________
3. Which part of the egg is the EGG WHITE?
______________________
B. In a CELL
1.Which part of the cell is the NUCLEUS?
_____________________
2. Which part of the cell is the CELL
MEMBRANE?
______________
3. Which part of the cell is the
CYTOPLASM?
___________________
C. ANALOGY BETWEEN CHICKEN EGG
AND A CELL
Write the best word that matches the
example provided.
1.EGG SHELL : ____________________
2. ____________ : NUCLEUS
3. EGG WHITE : ____________________
“Typical” Animal Cell
“Typical” Plant Cell
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell
that controls movement
in and out of the cell
• Double layer
Cell Wall
• Most commonly found
in plant cells &
bacteria
• Supports & protects
cells
Inside the Cell
 Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Separated from
cytoplasm by nuclear
membrane
• Contains genetic
material - DNA
 Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus
• Made of two layers
• Openings allow
material to enter and
leave nucleus
Chromosomes
• In nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Contain instructions
for traits &
characteristics
 Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA to build
proteins
 Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around
in cell
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface
 Ribosomes
• Each cell contains
thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on ribosomes
& floating throughout
the cell
 Mitochondria
• Produces energy through
chemical reactions –
breaking down fats &
carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and
other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
 Golgi Bodies
• Protein 'packaging
plant'
• Move materials within
the cell
• Move materials out of
the cell
 Lysosome
• Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
• Transports undigested
material to cell
membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes
 Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage,
digestion, and waste
removal
• Contains water
solution
• Help plants maintain
shape
 Chloroplast
• Usually found in plant
cells
• Contains green
chlorophyll
• Where
photosynthesis takes
place
 PERFORMANCE TASK 1
COMPARING PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

The activity aims to identify the parts and

differentiate plant and animal cell and
construct a Venn diagram.
 Present in Present in Present in
Plant Cells Both Cells Animal cells
only Nucleus
Plasma membrane Centrioles
Cytoplasm
Cell wall Mitochiondrion
Chloroplasts Golgi body
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Lysosome
Vacuole/vesicle
Ribosome/s
 Cell and Your House
If you think about it, your house has
many parts that allow it to function properly,
just like a cell. Relate the functions of an
animal cell’s organelles to parts of your
house that have a similar function.
Cell parts Functions Name a part of your house that has a
similar function

Cell membrane Regulates materials entering and leaving cell Door/gate

Cytoplasm  
Contains the organelles; site of most cell Ground/soil of the house
activity
Nucleus  
Control center of the cell Parents/guardians room

Mitochondria
Converts chemical energy in food into useable Kitchen/electrical
compounds appliances/Battery
Vacuole  
a storage of fluids inside the cell. Water or food container

Lysosome
Garbage Bin
Break down and recycle materials
Golgi bodies Sort and package proteins and Storage room (for food and
lipids for storage or transport other important materials)
Endoplasmic reticulum  
plays a major role in the production,
Hallway in the house
processing, and transport of proteins
Ribosomes   Kitchen
Build protein

Cell wall   Provide support and protection   Cabinet/ organizer/wall

 Differences between plant and
animal cells
• Plant and animal cells differ in shape and
in some parts. Plant cells are rectangular
or angular in shape, while animal cells are
rounded and somewhat irregular.
• Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts
which animal cells do not have. Animal
cells have centrioles which plant cells do
not have.
 Similarity between plant and
animal cells
• Both plant and animal cells have common
parts namely: the nucleus, plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, the mitochondrion,
rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
Golgi body, vacuole/vesicle, ribosomes
and lysosome.
 ASSESSMENT
Direction: Identify what is asked or described in each item
then write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is not found inside the cell?

a. endoplasmic reticulum b. cilia c. golgi apparatus
d. nucleus
 
2. What part of the cell refers to a membrane-bound
compartment containing fluid and is found in the cytoplasm?
a. lysosomes b. ribosomes
c. mitochondrion d. vacuole
 
3. If the chloroplasts of a plant cell are
damaged, which will it be unable to do?

a. Protect the cell

b. Make food for the cell
c. Excrete waste materials
d. Give instruction for the cell to reproduce
4. The main function of the cell wall is to:

a.Support and protect the cell

b. Store DNA
c. Help the cell move
d. Direct the activities
5. Which of the following lists of structures
can be found in both plant and animal cell?

a. mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell wall,

vacuole, cell membrane
b. cell membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, golgi
bodies, cytoplasm
c. cell wall, mitochondria, cytoplasm,
chloroplast, cell membrane
d. vacuole, lysosome, centriole, cell wall, cell
membrane
 REINFORCEMENT
Express your ideas by answering briefly the
following questions:

What do you think will happen to the cell if

the mitochondrion is removed from it?
Answer:
___________________________________
___________________________________ 
If ever the cell membrane of the cell will
function abnormally, what do you think will
happen to the cell and how will it affect the
entire organism?
Answer:
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
 ASSIGNMENT
Research on the biologists who discovered
the following basic parts of the cell.

1.Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell Membrane