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MAC F5 Physics Electricity

State what is meant by an electric current.

movement/flow of charged particles

Define charge.
charge = current × time

Define electric potential difference OR Define potential difference (p.d.).

work done or energy transformed (from electrical to other forms)per unit charge

State what is meant by electrical motive force (emf).

energy converted per unit charge
from chemical to electrical when charge flows through cell or round complete circuit

Distinguish between the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a cell and the potential difference (p.d.) across
a resistor
both measure (energy / work) per unit charge
for e.m.f., transfer of chemical energy to electrical energy
for p.d., transfer of electrical energy to thermal energy / other forms

p.d. = energy transformed from electrical to other forms such as thermal/ unit charge
e.m.f. = energy transformed from chemical to electrical / unit charge

Define electrical resistance. OR Define the resistance of a resistor.

resistance = potential difference / current

Define the ohm.

ohm = volt / ampere

ion of a certain quantity. State this quantity.

sum of currents into a junction = sum of currents out of junction
Charge is conserved

State this quantity.

sum of e.m.f.s (in a closed circuit) = sum of potential differences
Energy is conserved.
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State and explain why the resistance of each lamp when they are connected in series is different from
the resistance of each lamp when they are connected in parallel.
each lamp in parallel has a greater p.d. / greater current
lamp connected in parallel is hotter
resistance of lamps in parallel greater

State and explain qualitatively the change in the resistance of a lamp as the potential difference is
changed.
resistance increases as potential difference increases
increasing p.d. increases current
current increases non-linearly so resistance increases

State what is meant by internal resistance.

(resistance of the cell) causing loss of voltage or energy loss in cell

Use energy considerations to explain why the p.d. across the battery is not equal to the e.m.f. of the
battery.
e.m.f. = total energy available (per unit charge)
some (of the available energy) is used/lost/wasted/given out in the internal resistance of the battery
(hence p.d. available less than e.m.f.)

Electrical component and I V graph

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Equation
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