Content Standards:

Demonstrates understanding of key concepts of quadratic equations,

inequalities and functions , and rational algebraic equations
Performance Standards:
Is able to investigate thoroughly mathematical relationships in various
situations, formulate real life problems involving quadratic equations,
inequalities and functions, and rational algebraic and solve them using a
variety of strategies

Learning Competency and Code: Describes the relationship between the coefficients and the
roots of a quadratic equation (M9AL-Ic-2)

Quarter: SECOND

I. Objectives:
At the end of 50 minutes, 85% of the learners are expected to:
1. determine the sum and product of the roots using the formula.
2. describe the relationship between roots, coefficients and constants in a Quadratic
equation;
3. write an equivalent quadratic equation with the given numbers as solutions.

II. Content:
Subject Matter: Relationship Between the Coefficients and Roots of a Quadratic Equations
Integration:
English: Comprehension of the given problem
Values Education: The value of patience, accuracy and cooperation
Strategies: Drill , Think –Pair – Share and Collaboration
Materials: Activity sheet, Visual aids,
References: Learners’ Module 9 , pp. 66 - 74
Intermediate Algebra II , Revised Edition, pp. 55-57
https://www.onlinemath4all.com/sum-and-product-of-the-roots-of-a-

III. Learning Tasks:

Preliminary Activities: ( 3 minutes )
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Checking of attendance and management of the classroom

A. ELICIT: (5 mins)
Drill on addition and multiplication of numbers. These expressions will be written
on the flash cards. After the activity ask the following questions.
1. 7 + 15 = Ans. 12 6. (8) (15) = 120
2. -9 + 14 = 5 7. ( -4) ( 7) = - 28
3. -6 + ( - 17) = - 23 8. ( -6 ) ( -12) = 72
4. ( )
−3 1
8
+ =
2
1
8
9. ( )( )
−3 2
7 5
=
−6
35
 5. ( )( )
−5
6
+
−2
3
=
−3
2
10. ( )( )
−4
5
−3
8
=
3
10

Questions:
a. How did you determine the result of each operation?
b. What mathematics concepts and principles did you apply to arrive at each result? c.
Compare your answers with those of your classmates. Did you arrive at the same
answers? If NOT, explain why.

B. ENGAGE: (7 mins)
 Learners will be group by 5
 Let them do the given activity.

Mang Pedro of Valencia City owns a rectangular lot. The perimeter

of the lot is 90 m and its area is 450 m2.

Questions:
1. What equation represents the perimeter of the lot? How about the equation
that represents its area? Ans. 2l + 2w = 90 , lw = 450
2. How is the given situation related to the lesson, the sum and the product of
roots of quadratic equation? (Evaluate students’ responses.)
3. Using your idea of the sum and product of roots of quadratic equation, how
would you determine the length and the width of the rectangular lot?
Ans. Form the quadratic equation that describes the given situation then
solve. The equation is x2 – 45x + 450 = 0
4. What are the dimensions of the rectangular lot?
Ans. Length=30 m; Width =15 m

C. EXPLORE: (12 mins)

 Present to the students a real-life illustration of the relationships among the
roots and the terms of a quadratic equation. Let them perform the next activity.
In this activity, the students should realize that the dimensions of the garden
represent the roots of the quadratic equation. Hence, the sum of the roots
represents one-half of the perimeter of the garden and the product of the roots
represents its area.
 Let the students consider the situation below and answer the questions that follow.
Each group will select representative to present the output.

A rectangular garden has an area of 132 m2 and a perimeter of 46 m.

 Questions:
1. What equation would describe the area of the garden? Write the
equation in terms of the width of the garden.
2. What can you say about the equation formulated in item 1?
3. Find the roots of the equation formulated in item 1. What do the roots
represent?
4. What is the sum of the roots? How is this related to the perimeter?
5. What is the product of the roots? How is this related to area?

Answers:

1. Let x = the width of the garden. The area of the garden is given by the equation

x(23 – x ) = 132

2. The equation is a quadratic equation.

3. x(23 – x ) = 132 → x2 – 23x + 132 = 0

D. EXPLAIN: (10 mins)

We will now discuss how the sum and product of the roots of the
quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 can be determined using the coefficients a,b, and c
Remember that the roots of a quadratic equation can be determined using the
−b ± √ b −4 ac
2
quadratic formula, x= . From the quadratic formula, let
2a
−b+ √ b −4 ac −b−√ b −4 ac
2 2
x1 ¿ and x2 = be the roots. Let us now find the sum and
2a 2a
the product of these roots.

Derive the formula for the sum and product of roots from the quadratic formula.
Guide the students in deriving the sum and product of roots.

Sum of the roots of Quadratic Equation Product of the roots of Quadratic Equation

x 1+ x2=
−b + √ b2−4 ac −b−√ b2−4 ac
2a
+
2a (
x 1 ∙ x 2=
−b+ √b 2−4 ac
2a )( −b−√ b2−4 ac
2a )
2
(−b )2−( √ b 2−4 ac )
x 1 ∙ x 2=
−b + √ b −4 ac−b−√ b −4 ac
2 2 2
( 2a )
x 1+ x2=
2a 2 2
b −b + 4 ac
x 1 ∙ x 2= 2
4a
 Discuss to them next activity which is the reverse of the previous activities where the
students will be asked to determine the quadratic equation given the roots.
Example: Write the quadratic equation with the given roots 5 and 9 in the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Method 1:Use the equations describing the roots to come up with two binomials whose product is zero.
If the resulting equation is simplified, it becomes a quadratic equation in the form

x = 5 or x = 9 → x – 5 = 0 or x – 9 = 0
(x–5)(x–9)=0
Quadratic Equations: x2 – 14x + 45 = 0

Method 2: Get the sum and product of the roots and substitute these in the equation
2 b c b c
x + x+ = 0 , where is the sum of the roots and is the product of
a a a a
the roots.

x1 = 5 or x2 = 9
Sum of the roots: x1 + x2 = 5 + 9 = 14
−b
x1 + x2 =
a
−b
= 14
a
b
= - 14
a
Product of the roots: x 1 ∙ x 2 = ( 5) ( 9 ) = 45
c
x1 ∙ x2 =
a
c
= 45
a
b c
Quadratic Equation : ax2 + bx + c = 0 → x2 + x + =0
a a
x2 – 14x + 45 = 0
E. ELABORATE: (10 mins)
A. Use the values of a, b, and c of each of the following quadratic equations in
determining the sum and the product of its roots. Verify your answers by
obtaining the roots of the equation. Answer the questions that follow.
1. x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 Sum: _____Product: _____ Roots:__________
2. 6x2 + 12x– 18 = 0 Sum: _____Product: _ ___ Roots: __________
3. 2x2 – 3x = 0 Sum: _____Product: _____ Roots: __________
4. 8x2 = 6x + 9 Sum: ___ _ Product: _____ Roots: __________
 Questions:
a. How did you determine the sum and the product of the roots of
each quadratic equation?
b. What do you think is the significance of knowing the sum and the product of
the roots of quadratic equations
B. Write the quadratic equation in the form ax² + bx + c = 0 given the
following roots.
1. - 3 and 15
−5
∧−1
2. 6
6

Answers:
A. 1. x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 Sum: __-4__ Product: __3___ Roots: x = -1 or x = -3
2. 6x2 + 12x– 18 = 0 Sum: __-2___Product: _ -3___ Roots: x = 1 or x = -3
3. 2x2 – 3x = 0 Sum: __3/2__Product: __0___ Roots: x = 0 or x = -3/7
4. 8x2 = 6x + 9 Sum: __3/4 _ Product: _-9/8__Roots: x = 3/2or x = -3/4
B. 1. x2 – 12x – 45 = 0 2. 36x2 +36 x + 5 = 0

F. EVALUATE: (11 mins)

Use the quadratic equations below to answer the questions that follow.
1. Complete the following table.
Quadratic Equation Sum of Product of Roots
Roots
x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
2x2– 3x– 20 = 0
3x + 7 = -5x2 - 4
2. What do you observe about the sum and the product of the roots of
each quadratic equation in relation to the values of a, b, and c?
3. Do you think a quadratic equation can be determined given its roots or
solutions? Justify your answer by giving 3 examples.
4. Do you think a quadratic equation can be determined given the sum and
product of its roots? Justify your answer by giving 2 examples.
5. Write the quadratic equation in the form ax² + bx + c = 0 given the
following roots.
a. -3 and 3
−2
∧3
b. 3
4
Answers:
1. Quadratic Equation Sum of Product of Roots
Roots
x2 + 7x + 12 = 0 -7 12
2x – 3x– 20 = 0
2
3/2 -10
3x + 7 = -5x2 - 4 -3/5 11/5
 −b
2. The sum of the roots of quadratic equation is equal to and the
a
c
product is equal to
a
3. Yes
4. Yes
5. a. x2 + 6x + 9 = 0
b. 12x2 – x – 6 = 0

G. EXTEND: (2 mins)
Let the students answer the following:
1. Create 1 quadratic equation and solve the sum and product of roots.
2. The perimeter of a rectangular bulletin board is 20 ft. If the area of
the board is 21 ft.2, what are its length and width?

Reflection:
A. No. of learners achieve 80%: ____
B. No. of learners who require additional activities for remediation: ___
C. Did the remedial lessons work? ___
D. No. of learners who have caught up the lesson: ___
E. No. of learners who continue to require remediation: ___
F. Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did these work? ___
G. What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or supervisor help me solve? ___
H. What innovation or localized materials did I used/discover which I wish to share with other
teacher? ___