CHEMICAL WEAK FORCES

BONDING CHEMICAL
Vander Waals force :- BONDING
• Dipole-dipole (Keesome force)
Between polar and polar molecule
e.g. HCl and HCl
• Dipole-Induced dipole(Debye force)
Between polar and non polar molecule
e.g. HCl and Cl2
• Instantaneous Dipole-Induced dipole (London / Dispersion Force)
Between Non-polar and Non-polar molecule
Between atoms of an inert gas
e.g. Cl2 and Cl2
Xe and Xe
H2 and H2
CHEMICAL Question
BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING
Order of Strength :
(Keesome > Debye > London / dispersion)

Q. Identify the type of weak force among the following pair of species.
(1) HCl – HCl
(2) H2S – H2S
(3) HCl – Cl2
(4) H2O – CCl4
CHEMICAL WEAK FORCES
BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING
(5) Xe – H2O

(6) C6H6 – C6H6

(7) NH3 – NH3

(8) Cl– – H2O

(9) Br– – Br2

(10) He – He
CHEMICAL WEAK FORCES
BONDING
VWF a Molecular Weight :-

Melting Point
Liquefaction Tendency
CHEMICAL HYDROGEN BOND
BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING
Hydrogen Bonding :-
When hydrogen is covalently bonded with a more electronegative atom like
F,O,N then this hydrogen atom is attached with an another more EN atom
having lone pair on it through an electrostatic attraction. this attraction is
known as Hydrogen Bond.
CHEMICAL HYDROGEN BOND
BONDING
CHEMICAL Question
BONDING
Q. Order of strength of hydrogen bond.
(a) F-H……F
(b) N-H……O
(c) N-H……N
(d) O-H……O
(e) O-H……N

CONCEPT: X-H……Y
First check X(more EN)
If X is same, then check Y(less EN)

Ans. a>e>d>c>b
CHEMICAL HYDROGEN BOND
BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING
TYPES OF HYDROGEN BOND:-
CHEMICAL HYDROGEN BOND
BONDING CHEMICAL
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond :-
BONDING
When hydrogen bond is formed between discrete molecules of same or
different compound.
E.g.:-
(i) HF(s)

Zig - Zag

(ii) NH3(s)

Linear
CHEMICAL HYDROGEN BOND
BONDING CHEMICAL
(iii) Structure of Ice:
BONDING
Ice has open cage like structure due to which distance between H2O
molecules increases, hence volume increases and density decreases. This is
the reason why ice can float over water. Water has maximum density at 40C.
CHEMICAL HYDROGEN BOND
BONDING (iv) Boric Acid(H3BO3): having 2D sheet like structure

(v) Acetic Acid(CH3COOH): exist in the form of dimer through Hydrogen

bond in C6H6.
CHEMICAL HYDROGEN BOND
BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING
(vi) Crystal Structure of KHCO & NaHCO :-
3 3

NaHCO3 exist in polymeric form while KHCO3 exist in dimer form

CHEMICAL HYDROGEN BOND
BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING
Other examples of intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding :-
(1) If two ice cubes are pressed together they stick due to Hydrogen
Bonding.
(2) Attachment of ice-cream with a wooden stick is an example of
Hydrogen Bonding.

(3) Urea ,DNA , p-Nitrophenol etc.

CHEMICAL HYDROGEN BOND
BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING
Intramolecular Hydrogen bond:
When hydrogen bond is formed with in a molecule.

E.g. : (1) o-nitrophenol (2) salicylaldehyde

CHEMICAL HYDROGEN BOND
BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING
(3) salicylic acid (4) chloral hydrate
CHEMICAL APPLICATION OF HYDROGEN BONDING
BONDING CHEMICAL
Application of Hydrogen Bonding :-
BONDING
1. Hydrogen Bonding ↑ Solubility ↑

Melting Point ↑
2. Hydrogen Bonding ↑ Boiling Point ↑ Volatility ↓
Viscosity ↑ Vapour Pressure ↓
Surface Tension ↑
CHEMICAL HYDROGEN BOND
BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING
Intramolecular Hydrogen BondIntermolecular Hydrogen Bond

• Molecules are attached with Keesome
force.
• Weak association of molecules.
• Low boiling point because it's easier to
break VWF than H-bond .
• Low Viscosity
• Highly volatile
• Less soluble in water because to
dissolve in water it has to make H-bonds
& no molecule is free to form H-bonds
• Molecules are attached with H-bonds.
• Strong association of molecules.
• High boiling point because its not easy
to break H-bond .
• High Viscosity
• Less volatile
• More soluble in water