‫‪2008 / 2007‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍ ﻟﻤﺨ ﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﻟﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﻟﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﻟﺤﺎﻣﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ )‪ DNA‬ﺃﻭ ‪(RNA‬‬
‫ﻣ ﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺮﻭ ﺗﻴﻦ ﻣ ﺸﻔﺮ ﺑﻮﺍﺳ ﻄﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺤﺎ ﻣﺾ ﺍ ﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺤﻮﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺛ ﻨﺎﺋ ﻴﻪ ﺩﻫ ﻨﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳ ﺴﻤﻰ ﺏ )‪ (Envelope‬ﻭﻫﺬ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻐﻼﻑ ﻳ ﺴﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻟﺨ ﻠﻴﻪ ﺃ ﻟﻤﻀﻴﻔﻪ )‪ (Host Cell‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍ ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻐﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﺨ ﻠﻮﻱ ﻟﻠ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻴﻔﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Re lati ve s iz e of v ir uses an d ba c t e r ia‬‬

‫ﺍ ﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﻔﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍ ﻟﺘﺮ ﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗّﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺿﺠﺔ )‪،(Virion‬‬
‫ﻛﺬ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻧ ﺰﻳﻤﺎﺕ ﺍ ﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺭ ﻣ ﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻋ ﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﺍ ﻟﻔ ﻴﺮﻭﺱ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﻻﺗﺴﺘﻄ ﻴﻊ ﺗ ﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻧ ﺰﻳﻤﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺘﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻭ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻧ ﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺘ ﻤﺪ ﺑﺸ ﻜﻞ ﻛﻠ ﻲ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺃﻧ ﺰﻳﻤﺎﺕ ﺍ ﻟﺨﻠ ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻀﻴﻔﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻋﻤ ﻠﻴﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺘﻀﺎ ﻋﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳ ﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬ ﺍ ﺍ ﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﻟﻔ ﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﺻﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﺧﻄ ﺮ ﻻﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻀﺎﺩ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭ ﺳﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻻ ﻳﻘ ﺘﺼ ﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍ ﻟﻔ ﻴﺮﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺑﻞ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳ ﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴ ﺮ ﺳﻤ ﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓ ﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮ ﺟﻴﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻀ ﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍ ﻟﻤﻀﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻧﻤﻮﻫﺎ ﻧﻈ ﺮﺍ ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺮﻭ ﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﻟﻘﺪﺭﻩ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺇﺻﺎ ﺑﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﻴﻊ ﺍ ﻟﺮﺋﻴ ﺴﻴﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻣ ﺜﻞ؛ ﺍ ﻟﻔﻘﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻼﻓﻘﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ ﺒﺎ ﺗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍ ﻟﻔ ﻄﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍ ﻟﺒﻜ ﺘﺮﻳﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ‪ :‬‬
‫ﻳﺘ ﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗ ﻄﺮ ﺍ ﻟﻔ ﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﻣﻦ ‪ nm100‬ﺇﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﻣﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻃﻮﻻ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍ ﻟﻔ ﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻮﻱ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫(‪ RNA.‬ﺃﻭ ‪DNA‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎ ﻣﺾ ﺍ ﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳ ﻲ ) ‪1.‬‬
‫(‪ .‬ﺍ ﻟﺤﺎﻣﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍ ﻟﻔﻴ ﺮﻭﺳﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻐﻼﻑ ﺃ ﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻴ ﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﻳﺸﻜﻼﻥ ‪Capsid‬ﻏﻼﻑ ﺑﺮﻭﺗ ﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻗ ﻲ ﻳﺪﻋ ﻰ ) ‪2.‬‬
‫(‪.‬ﻭﺍ ﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ ﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍ ﻟﺘﺸﺨ ﻴﺼ ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍ ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔ ﻴﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻔﻴ ﺮﻭﺱ ﺗﺒ ﻌﺎ ﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺗﻨﺎ ﻇﺮﻩ‪ Nucleocapsid ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤ ﻰ )‬
‫ﺣ ﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺃﻧﻮ ﺍﻉ ﺭ ﺋﻴﺴﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Icosahed ral Symme t ry.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Heli cal Symme t ry.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Compl ex Symme t ry.‬‬

‫‪1--‬‬
 2008 / 2007 ‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺕ‬- ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ ﻟﻤﺨ ﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﻲ‬

.3 ) ‫ ﺍﻟ ﻐﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟ ﻲ‬Envelope ‫( ﻣﻌ ﻈﻢ ﺍ ﻟﻔﻴ ﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻮﻱ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍ ﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﺃ ﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺒﺮﻋﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺧ ﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﺷ ﻜﺎﻝ ﺗ ﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﻪ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ ﻟﻄﺒﻴ ﻌﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻔﻴﺮ ﻭﺱ‬. ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﻟﺨ ﻠﻴﻪ ﺍ ﻟﻤﻀﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍ ﻟﻨﻀﻮﺝ ﻭﺍ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﺭ‬
:‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
 NAKED ICOSAHEDRAL e.g. poliovirus, adenovirus, hepat it is A virus
 NAKED HELICAL e.g. tobacco mosaic virus.
 ENVELOPED ICOSAHEDRAL e.g. herpes virus, yellow fever virus, rubella virus
 ENVELOPED HELICAL e.g. rabies virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, mumps virus, measles
virus
 COMPLEX e.g. poxvirus

 ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ‬

2--
 ‫‪2008 / 2007‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍ ﻟﻤﺨ ﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﻲ‬

‫ﻳ ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼ ﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪1. Virus Morphology :‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻀﻢ؛ ﺍ ﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺸ ﻜﻞ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻨﺎ ﻇﺮ ﻭﻭﺟ ﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻐﻼﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪Virus Genome Proper ties:‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻀﻢ ﻧ ﻮﻉ ﺍ ﻟﺤﺎﻣﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮ ﻭﻱ )‪ DNA‬ﺃﻭ ‪ (RNA‬ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍ ﻟﺤﺎﻣﺾ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻮﻭﻱ ﻭﻧ ﻮﻉ ﺍ ﻟﺸﺮﻳ ﻂ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺰ ﺩﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﻠﻘ ﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺧﻴ ﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺐ ﺃﻝ ‪ G‬ﺇ ﻟﻰ ﺃﻝ ‪... .... .... ..C‬ﺍ ﻟﺦ‪.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Phys iological Proper ties of Virus :‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﻜ ﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜ ﺘﻠﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺠﺰﻳ ﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺃﻝ ‪ pH‬ﻭﺍ ﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ ﻟﻜﻴ ﻤﻴﺎﻭﻳﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺍ ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍ ﻟﻤﻀﺎ ﺩﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪4. Virus Protein Proper ties :‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻀ ﻤﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺮﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮ ﻇﻴﻔ ﻲ ﺍ ﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺗﺮ ﻛﻴﺒﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴ ﺮ ﺗﺮﻛ ﻴﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺗ ﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺎﺽ ﺍﻻﻣ ﻴﻨﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪Ant igenic Proper ties :‬‬
‫ﺗﻌ ﺘﻤﺪ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺴﺘﻀﺪﺍﺕ ﺃ ﻟﺴﻄ ﺤﻴﻪ ﻟ ﻠﻔﻴ ﺮﻭﺱ ﻭﺍ ﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺘ ﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻷ ﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪Biological Proper ties:‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻀ ﻤﻦ ﻧﻮ ﻉ ﺍ ﻟﻤﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟ ﻄﺒﻴﻌ ﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮ ﻳﻘﺔ ﺍ ﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻻ ﻣﺮﺍﺿﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪3--‬‬
 ‫‪2008 / 2007‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍ ﻟﻤﺨ ﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﻲ‬

‫‪4--‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄ ﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‪ :‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐ ﻄﺎء ﺃﻭ ﺍ ﻟﻤﻌﻄﻒ ﺃﻟﺒﺮﻭ ﺗﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻐ ﻠﻒ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‪.‬ﻭﺗ ﻜﺰﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍﺕ ‪ Capsid‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌ ﻄﻲ ﺗ ﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻗﺴﻴ ﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺤﻔ ﻈﺔ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ ‪Capsomere‬ﺗ ﺴﻤﻰ ﻗﺴ ﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺤﻔﻈﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮﻫﺎ ﺍ ﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺷ ﻜﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣ ﻈﻬﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺠﻬﺮ ﺍﻻ ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭ ﻧﻲ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ Capsomere‬‬
‫( ﻭ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺗﺠ ﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ‪Icosahedral & Helical Symmetry‬ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺫ ﺍﺕ ﺍ ﻟﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ )‬
‫ﻣ ﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺒ ﺘﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﺟﺰ ﻳﺌﻪ ﺍ ﻟﻔﻴ ﺮﻭﺱ ﻭﺍ ﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓ ﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ‪ Detective Virus‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻋﻒ‪.‬‬
‫( ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤ ﻴﻂ ﺑﺒ ﻌﺾ ‪ :Lipoprotein Nature‬ﻏﺸﺎء ﺫﻭ ﻃﺒﻴ ﻌﺔ ﺩﻫ ﻨﻴﻪ‪-‬ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻴ ﻨﻴﻪ ) ‪ Envelope‬‬
‫ﺟﺰ ﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﺍ ﻟﻔﻴﺮ ﻭﺱ ﻭﺍ ﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨ ﻠﻴﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﺛ ﻨﺎء ﻋ ﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗ ﺤﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟﻨﻀﻮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﻣﺼ ﻄﻠﺢ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ ) ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭ ﺗﻴﻦ‪ -‬ﺍ ﻟﺤﺎﻣﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ﻱ ﺍ ﻟﻔﻴ ﺮﻭﺳﻲ(‪ Nucleocapsid.‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄ ﻠﺢ ﻳﻄ ﻠﻖ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺟ ﺰﻳﺌﻪ ﺍ ﻟﻔ ﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﺍ ﻟﻜﺎﻣ ﻠﺔ )ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛ ﻴﺒﻬﺎ(‪ Virion‬‬
‫‪ :RNA 400‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍ ﻟﻔ ﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍ ﻟﺤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ‪ Viriod‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘ ﻂ ﻭﺗﻜﻮ ﻥ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﻩ ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻳﻪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﺗ ﻴﺪ ﻭﻳﻜ ﻮﻥ ﺍ ﻟﺤﺎﻣﺾ ﺍ ﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺳ ﻠﺴ ﻠﻪ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺣ ﻠﻘ ﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﻫ ﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺄ ﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨ ﺒﺎ ﺗﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻌ ﺾ ﺍﻻﻓﺘ ﺮﺍﺿﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻮﻱ ﺍﻟ ﺒﺮﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﺎ ﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺎ ﻣﺾ ﺍ ﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋ ﺒﺎ ﺭﻩ ‪ Prion‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨ ﻴﻪ ﺻ ﻐﻴﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻥ ﺣﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎ ﻣﺾ ﺍ ﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻓﺒ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﻠ ﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﺗ ﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻭ ﻏﻴ ﺮ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﻪ ﻟ ﻜﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻔﻴﺮ ﺗﺼﻨ ﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺮ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻲ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ ﺍ ﻟﺨﺮﺍﻑ‪ Scrapie.‬ﻭ ‪ Kuru Disease‬ﻳﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺮﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬