SOLID

MENSURATION 1
LESSON 4: QUADRILATERALS

A quadrilateral is any closed figure made by four (4) line segments intersecting at their
endpoints – a four-sided polygon. All quadrilateral has four vertices (the points where the
segments meet), four sides (the segments), and four interior angles (formed at each vertex).
Quadrilaterals are named using the four vertices.

Figure 1.4.1 Illustration of a quadrilaterals

The quadrilaterals in Figure 1.4.1. can be named as “quadrilateral HOPE” or

“quadrilateral POHE”. The names of its vertices are used as long as it is in sequential order.

CLASSIFICATION OF QUADRILATERALS

Figure 1.4.2 Family of Quadrilaterals

 SOLID MENSURATION 2

1. Trapezoid – a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of opposite sides parallel.

Figure 1.4.3 Illustration of trapezoid

The parallel sides in trapezoid are called bases while the distance between bases
is the altitude or height (ℎ) of the given trapezoid.

An isosceles trapezoid is a trapezoid where the non-parallel sides are congruent.

In Figure 1.4.3, trapezoid LOVE is an isosceles trapezoid. The non-parallel congruent
sides are called legs. The base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

Formula:
1
𝐴 = (𝑏! + 𝑏" )ℎ
2

where: 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑏! and 𝑏" = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠
ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑜𝑖𝑑

Example:
Find the area and perimeter of the given trapezoid below.

Solution:

The given are 𝑏! = 8 𝑖𝑛, 𝑏" = 5 𝑖𝑛 and ℎ = 4 𝑖𝑛. Substituting the given measurement,
then the area is

! !
𝐴 = " (𝑏! + 𝑏" )ℎ ⇒ 𝐴 = " (8 𝑖𝑛 + 5 𝑖𝑛) (4 𝑖𝑛)
 SOLID MENSURATION 3
1
𝐴 = (13 𝑖𝑛) (4 𝑖𝑛)
2

𝑨 = 𝟐𝟔 𝒊𝒏𝟐

For the perimeter of the trapezoid, we need to determine the length of all sides. Thus,
5 in

x
4 in 4 in

8 in 3 in
5 in

Using Pythagorean theorem, we can solve side 𝑥 as follows:

𝑥 " = 4" + 3" ⇒ 𝑥 " = 16 + 9 ⇒ 𝑥 " = 25

𝑥 = 5 𝑖𝑛

The perimeter now is

𝑃 = 8 𝑖𝑛 + 5 𝑖𝑛 + 4 𝑖𝑛 + 5 𝑖𝑛

𝑷 = 𝟐𝟐 𝒊𝒏

2. Kite – a quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent sides congruent. The diagonals of a kite
are perpendicular.
O
a a

S
C d2
K
d1
d1

b b

E
d2
Figure 1.4.4 Illustration of kite
 SOLID MENSURATION 4
Formula:
Area Perimeter
!
𝐴 = " 𝑑! 𝑑" 𝑃 = 2𝑎 + 2𝑏

where: 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑃 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑘𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑑! and 𝑑" = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑎 and 𝑏 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

Example:
Find the area and perimeter of the given kite below.

3 cm

15 cm

8 cm

Solution:

Since the length of the diagonals are given, then substitute 𝑑! = 15 𝑐𝑚 and 𝑑" = 8 𝑐𝑚

! !
𝐴 = 𝑑! 𝑑" ⇒ 𝐴 = (15 𝑐𝑚)(8 𝑐𝑚)
" "

𝑨 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟐

For the perimeter of the kite, we need to determine the length of the side. By observing
the given kite, we can consider the following figure and measurements below.
4 cm

a a
3 cm

15 cm

b b 12 cm

8 cm
 SOLID MENSURATION 5
Using Pythagorean theorem, side 𝑎 and side 𝑏 can be computed as

𝑎" = 4" + 3" ⇒ 𝑎" = 16 + 9 ⇒ 𝑎" = 25

𝑎 = 5 𝑐𝑚

𝑏" = 4" + 12" ⇒ 𝑏" = 16 + 144 ⇒ 𝑏" = 160

𝑏 = √160 𝑜𝑟 4√10 𝑐𝑚

Solving for the perimeter, we have

𝑃 = 2𝑎 + 2𝑏 ⇒ 𝑃 = 2(5 𝑐𝑚) + 2P4√10 𝑐𝑚Q

𝑃 = 2(5 𝑐𝑚) + 2P4√10 𝑐𝑚Q

𝑷 ≈ 𝟑𝟓. 𝟑𝟎 𝒄𝒎

3. Parallelogram – a quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides parallel and congruent.
In parallelogram, opposite angles are congruent while consecutive angles are
supplementary. Diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other.
L I

O
h

E F
Figure 1.4.5 Illustration of parallelogram

Formula:
𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ

where: 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑏 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚

4. Rhombus – a parallelogram, at the same time a kite, with all sides congruent. Diagonals
of rhombus are perpendicular.
 SOLID MENSURATION 6

M
s

I E d2

T
d1
Figure 1.4.6 Illustration of rhombus

Formula:
Area Perimeter
!
𝐴 = 𝑑! 𝑑" 𝑃 = 4𝑠
"

where: 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑃 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑘𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑑! and 𝑑" = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑠 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

Example:

Find the area and perimeter of a rhombus whose diagonals measure 24 cm and 10 cm,
respectively.
 SOLID MENSURATION 7
5. Rectangle – a parallelogram with all interior angles measures exactly 90°. Both the
diagonals of rectangle have the same length.
O l (length) R

w (width)

W D
Figure 1.4.7 Illustration of rectangle

Formula:
Area Perimeter
𝐴 = 𝑙𝑤 𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤

where: 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑃 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑙 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑤 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

Example:
Find the dimension, area and length of diagonal of a rectangle which perimeter is 40 in
and the length is 6 in more than its width.

6. Square – a parallelogram with all sides congruent and all interior angles is right.
Properties of square are combined properties of rhombus and rectangles.
 SOLID MENSURATION 8

A R

s
O

C E
Figure 1.4.8 Illustration of square

Formula:
Area Perimeter
𝐴 = 𝑠" 𝑃 = 4𝑠

where: 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑃 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑠 = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

Example:
Find the area and perimeter of a square which diagonal measures √50 m.
 SOLID MENSURATION 9
NAME: __________________________________ SCORE: ___________________
COURSE/SECTION: _________________________ DATE: ____________________

ACTIVITY 1.4

I. Determine if the following statements are sometimes, always or never true.

_________________1. A trapezoid is a kite.

_________________2. A square is a parallelogram.
_________________3. An isosceles trapezoid is a quadrilateral.
_________________4. A rhombus is a square.
_________________5. A parallelogram is a square.
_________________6. A square is a kite.
_________________7. A square is a rectangle.
_________________8. A quadrilateral is a rhombus.
_________________9. A trapezoid is a parallelogram.
_________________10. A kite is a parallelogram.

II. Determine if each quadrilateral has the given properties. If so, write YES and/or state how
many pair of sides (or angles) are congruent, parallel, or perpendicular.

Diagonals
Opposite Opposite Opposite Consecutive
bisect Opposite
Quadrilaterals side sides angles angles
each angles
parallel congruent congruent supplementary
other

Trapezoid

Isosceles
Trapezoid

Kite

Parallelogram

Rhombus

Rectangle

Square
 SOLID MENSURATION 10
III. Solve the following problems. Write your solutions on the space provided after each
problem and box your final answer. Answer without solution means wrong.
Pointing System: 3 pts – Correct answer with correct unit
1 pt – Correct digit in answer but incorrect unit
0.5 pt – Consideration (incorrect answer but at least tried)
No credit for no answer

1. What is the perimeter and area of a square if each side measure 5.6 cm?

2. The perimeter of a rectangle is 22 meters and its width is 5 meters. Find the length of
diagonal and the area.

3. What is the area and perimeter of a square if its diagonal is 10 inches?

4. Find the area of a trapezoid if its two bases are 2.5 meter and 3.5 meters and its altitude is
4.3 meters.
 SOLID MENSURATION 11
5. Find the area and perimeter of a rhombus if the diagonals are 6 cm and 8 cm respectively.

6. The width of a rectangular lot is 4 meter less than its length. If the perimeter of the lot is 76
meters, find its dimensions and area.

7. A rectangular cupboard is of length 6m and perimeter 20 m. Find the width of the cupboard.

8. The area of trapezoid is 84 sq.cm and height is 8 cm. The parallel sides are in the ratio 2: 5.
Find the length of the bases.
 SOLID MENSURATION 12
9. Mr. White purchased a carpet for rectangular hall of area 800 sq. yards. The length of the
hall is 32 yards. Find the required width of the carpet.

10. The length of the rectangular building is 7 ft more than its width. If the perimeter of the
building wall is 98 ft, find its length and width.

11. A rectangular swimming pool was constructed for Kids at Hotel Park. The length of the
swimming pool is twice its width. If the length is 16 ft, find the area of the pool.