EPHYSICS LECTURE

Schedule - 9:00 am - 12 pm (Thursday)

2nd Semester 2021-2022

NAME: ANGEL V. ANSIT INSTRUCTOR: Juanita Z. Sayson

Course & Year-Section: BSCE 1-D Date of Presentation: May 5, 2022

Presentation of Group 5: Experiment No.:

My Learnings

In this session, another subtopic of electricity is being discussed by Group 5, which is

the Voltage, Current, Resistance, and Ohm’s Law; the basic building blocks required to
manipulate and utilize electricity.

Voltage
Voltage is also known as the electromotive force (emf) or potential difference (pd). It
is defined as the amount of potential energy between two points on a circuit, in which one
point has more charge than another. Voltage is measured in volts, which is the potential
energy difference between two points that will impart one joule of energy per coulomb of
charge that passes through it. Moreover, voltage is represented in equations and schematics
by the letter "V".
Voltage is expressed as,
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 (𝑊)
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑉) = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 (𝑞)

Where work is done is in joules and charge is in coulombs. Thus, volt can be
expressed in terms of SI base units as,
2
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 2 −3 −1
3 𝑜𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑠 𝐴
𝐴𝑠

❖ Definition of Voltage as Potential Difference

● The potential of point A with respect to point B is the work done in moving a
per unit charge from point A to B in the presence of electric field E.
𝐴
→ →
➢ 𝑉𝐴𝐵 =− ∫ 𝐸 · 𝑑𝑠
𝐵
● A potential difference between points A and B with point B as a reference
point.
➢ 𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐵

❖ Voltage Concept
● 𝐸/𝐸𝑚𝑓 > 𝑉𝑏 = 𝑉 → 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒
● 𝐸/𝐸𝑚𝑓 = 𝑉𝑏 = 𝑉 → 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒
● 𝐸/𝐸𝑚𝑓 < 𝑉𝑏 = 𝑉 → 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒
Current

Current is the flow of electrical charge (from negative to positive) carriers like
electrons, traveling through an electrically conducting, or wire known as an electric current.
Then, the SI unit for measuring an electric current is the ampere (A). One ampere of current
is one coulomb of electrical charge moving past a unique point in a second.

❖ Types of Electric Current

a) Direct Current (DC)
➢ the electric charge (current) only flows in one direction.
b) Alternating Current (AC)
➢ the electrical current is alternating directions in a repetitive pattern.

❖ Current’s Formula by Ohm’s Law

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑉)
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐼) = 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑅)

Resistance

Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. It is

measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω). Resistance measurements are
normally taken to indicate the condition of a componen or a circuit. In addition, resistance is
indirectly proportional to current. The higher the resistance, the lower the current flow.

❖ Resistance’s Formula
● Ohm’s Law
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑉)
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑅) = 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐼)
● Power and Voltage
2
𝑉
𝑅= 𝑃
● Power and Current
𝑃
𝑅= 2
𝐼

Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s law states that the electrical current flowing through any conductor is directly
proportional to the potential difference (voltage) between its ends, assuming the physical
conditions of the conductor do not change, and is inversely proportional to the resistance.

❖ Ohm’s Formula