Learning Activity Sheets

in
LOCAL GUIDING SERVICES NCII

2ND SEM. Quarter 1

Grade 11

Prepared by: Checked: Noted:

MARICRIS Z. ABAD ANTONIO A. PAGALANAN JO ANN L. TAPEÑO
Subject Teacher Master Teacher I Head Teacher II
Name: ______________________________________________ Date: ___________________
Grade/Section: _______________________________________ Teacher: _________________

Quarter 1-Week 1-2

Topic: Sites and Sights Features
Learning Competencies:1.1 Identify the sites and sights features TLE_HEGS9-12RT-Ia-fa
A. INTRODUCTION
Lesson Objectives:
1. define sites and sights,
2. identify the sites and sights features
3. discuss the difference between site and sights and its usage.

B. DEVELOPMENT

Activity 1. LEARNER’S TASK 1.1-Pre-Test

Direction: Identify if the following is a SITE, a SIGHT or BOTH. Write the answers on the space provided.
A. SITE B. SIGHT C. BOTH
__________________1. The Philippine Eagle _________________ 4. Immaculate Concepcion Cathedral
__________________2. Apo Reef _________________ 5. National Museum of the Philippines
_________________ 3. Plaza Rizal

Discussion of the Key Concepts:

Are there things around you that inspired your endeavours in life? According to Albert Einstein, you have to “look deep into
nature, and then you will understand better.” In many ways, travellers also look for inspiration from the things around them.
Sometimes it is the things that you can see that rouse you to go out there and explore. This lesson will discuss the two key
elements that tourists look for in a tour: sites and sights. It is essential for a tour guide to obtain ample knowledge not only on their
physical features but also on their accessibility, cultural value, and implications to the tour.

The words site and sight may sound alike too, although despite their close association, they don’t really mean the same thing.
These are the differences between a site and a sight.

When differentiating sites from sights, be careful with regard to your usage. While some terms generally belong to either a site or
sight classification, some maybe considered to be both depending on the context in which they are used. Consider these examples
below:
• The Manila Cathedral was a site for the Papal visit.
• With its baroque architecture and ancient exterior, the San Agustin Church is a sight to marvel at. Notice how the word church
was used to mean both as a site and as a sight? As a venue, a church is a site for mass, weddings, and religious celebrations. As a
structure or a building, it can be a sight worth looking at. Confusion also occurs in sentences like these:
• Clarence is excited to go to Baguio and visit the famous shopping sites with her husband.
• Melanie is excited to visit Manila and see the sights in the shopping district with her friends.
A shopping center can be a sight to see, but as the first sentence implies a place where one could buy items, it becomes a site. The
second sentence, however, specifically refers to the things the subject expects to see in the area: the sights.

Tourism Site and Sights Feature

A tourism site is different from a tourism sight. The latter refers only to what the eyes can see, such as beautiful sceneries. The
idiom “a sight to behold” means a person or thing that is extraordinarily impressive or worth seeing. On the other hand, a tourist
site involves not only the senses of sight but also the other senses as well, such as touch, smell, and taste. It refers to a place that
houses the attractions.

C. ENGAGEMENT

Activity 2. LEARNER’S TASK 1.2 - Fill in the blanks

Direction: Read each sentence carefully and fill in the blank with correct word. Write the words site or sight in the spaces
provided.
1. Ralph said that new houses are being built on the ___________ near the banks Marikina River.
2. The fierce Philippine Eagle immediately caught ___________ of its prey.
3. Mahonri loves to see the ____________ when she travels and her favorite attraction is the Taj Mahal.
4. This beautiful shore of Mactan was the _____________ of a very important battle during the early Spanish expedition in the
Philippines.
5. Juan Luna’s painting, Spolarium, which is located in the Philippine National Museum is truly a _____________ to behold.

B. Sight versus Site. Identify if the following are examples of site, sights or both. Write your answers on the space provided.

1. Vintas - ___________________________ 2. Rafflesia - _____________________ 3. A concert at MOA -

______________

4. White sands of Boracay____________ 5. Enchanted Kingdom - _____________________

D. ASSIMILATION:
Guide Question:

What are your personal criteria in considering a site’s value?

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________;

2. Give one sight feature that you truly like and explain the reason why you love it.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________.

Activity 3. LEARNER’S TASK 1.3

Post-Test:

Directions: Put a check √ if the underlined word used in the statement is correct and X if it is incorrect.
Write your answers on the space provided.
____ 1. Taytay Tiangge is a famous shopping site in Rizal.
____ 2. Burgos Ilocos Norte is the sight to the majestic Kapurpurawan Rock Formation.
____ 3. Bagumbayan or Luneta Park is the site where our National hero Jose Rizal spent his last days.
____ 4. Tourists are often excited to go to Banaue and enjoy the mesmerizing site of the Rice Terraces.
____ 5. With its blue seas and rolling hills, Batanes is really a wonderful site to behold.

REFLECTION:
Write your personal insights about the lesson using the prompts below:

I understand that _________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

I realize that ______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Parent’s Signature: _____________/Date: __________ Student’s Signature: _________________/Date: __________

Parent’s Signature:__________________/Date: __________ Student’s Signature:____________________/Date: __________

Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ___________________

Grade/Section: ______________________________________ Teacher: _________________
 Quarter 1-Week 3-4
Topic: Research Methods & Uses of Electronic for Research
Learning Competencies: 1.2 Sources information TLE_HEGS9-12RT-Ia-fa
Content: Procedure and rationale in seating the guests
A. INTRODUCTION
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of the learning period, the student should be able to:
1. identify sources of information;
2. discuss the methods of research in tour guiding; and
3. Apply use of electronic tools for research of local guiding information.

B. DEVELOPMENT
Activity 1. LEARNER’S TASK 1.1-Pre-Test
Directions: Classify the following sources of information by writing ‘1’ if the sources of information is primary and ‘2’ if it is
secondary. Write the answers on the space provided.
______ 1. Interview with local partners
______ 2. Actual observation
______ 3. Site visit at a hotel
______ 4. DOT website
______ 5. Dot brochure

RECAP!
Direction: In the previous lesson you learned about the Site and Sight features and their differences. Identify if it is a site or a
sight. Write the answer on the space provided before each item.
_______ 1. It is generally a place or a venue.
_______ 2. Examples of it are sceneries, festivals, and structures.
_______ 3. Refers to things we can see in an area.
_______ 4. Examples of it are hotels, beaches, and parks.
_______ 5. The Chocolate Hills in Bohol.

Discussion of the Key Concepts:

Knowing how to do research can give a tour guide a huge career advantage. Planning itineraries will require you to research on
destinations and venues. This lesson will provide you with the steps in obtaining information you will need in your future job as a
tour guide.
Finding the right information is essential in almost every job. For the lawyer, knowing the background of the person he is up
against in court might win him the case. For a journalist, winning an exclusive interview from a reliable source would surely put
EXPECTATIONS PRETEST RECAP LESSON his or her career on track. And even though tour guiding may not involve the
strict research procedures required in other more academic fields, knowing how to do it right also gives a tour guide a huge
advantage.

Tourism Information Sources

Information about tourism may be obtained from the following:

• Tourism commissions, ministries, or destination management organizations. In the Philippines, these include
provincial/City/Municipal Tourism Offices and the Department of Tourism (DOT) Regional Offices.
• The tourists themselves through their blogs and feedback sheets
• Electronic sources, such as websites, social media, and online videos officially uploaded by tourism establishments.
• Books, brochures, pamphlets, flyers, and travel guides.
• Familiarization tours and trips
• Interviews with locals

We classify the abovementioned sources of information into two:

1. PRIMARY SOURCES – refers to those with first-hand experience of the destination EX: School trips
2. SECONDARY SOURCES – refers to reports and publications –
EX: Internet, books Primary Sources are often preferred over secondary sources, but they are not always available. Technical Data
refers to specialized information that may be too difficult for non-industry practitioners to understand. An example is the exact
coordinates of a place or location, which are incomprehensible to people who cannot plot them on the map.

Use of Electronic Tools to Research Tour Guiding Information

Research as defined in the Merriam Webster’s Dictionary is the careful and systematic study to gather and report new information
about something. The first thing is to define what you would like to find out. You would also need to define the point of view or
the target audience of your research: is it for students, foreigners, sports enthusiasts, or other?

Desk Research is commonly known as secondary research, desk research is defined as the indirect outsourcing of information
from previously collected data. In short you are no longer lifting reference from a book, for instance, nut basically from the
Internet. Here are some ways in which you can utilize your online tools:

1. Use Search Engines – search engines are the best way to find information on various sites and destinations. Aside from google
here are other search engines you can try:
• www.infoseek.go.com – helps you access maps, directories, yellow pages, company profiles
• www.onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu – full text of more than a million free books
• www.infoplease.com – gives access to database information from almanacs, encyclopedias, and dictionaries.
• www.about.com – a directory of expert guides
• www.askmehelpdesk.com allows you to ask real people of what you want to find out
2. Read Online Diaries, Blogs, and Forums – you can read blogs and forums to found out about people’s travel experiences, learn
more about products and accommodations, and explore practical tips you can adopt to improve your services.

3. Take Advantage of Social Media – Social networks are the most popular free-ofcharge online platform you can use to inquire
for the best tour guiding practices and ask for client feedback and ratings. It allows you to locate and target potential client market
and survey tourist interests and preferences. Make the most of your Facebook, twitter, Instagram, and other social media sites.

Evaluating Sources
Remember that regardless of the research method that you use, it is always best to evaluate your sources to acquire accurate and
reliable information. Here are some of the steps that you can use:
• Adopt a skeptical attitude – some information on the internet is placed there to mislead people into believing or doing
something. Looking for contradictions or “other side of the story” is one way to adopt a skeptical but practical attitude.
• Pre-evaluate your content needs – before doing your research, consider first what type of information you are after. Check if it is
factual or is it an opinion. By doing this, you will have an idea on what types of information you will get the information from.
• Identify sources that are reliable – to further test authenticity, compare and contrast it with two or three other webpages, and if
the information or conclusion is the same, then you may agree with its truthfulness. This is called Triangulation, cross-checking
with other references to make sure that the information is accurate and authentic.
• Check Testing webpages – to secure that the material published on the website is authentic, validate the following information
such as: author’s name, position or title, organizational affiliations, contact information, page creation date or version, and CARS
(credibility, accuracy, reasonableness, and support).

C. ENGAGEMENT

Activity 2. LEARNER’S TASK 1.2 – A. Keen Searcher.

Direction: Test your skills in conducting research as well as evaluating your source material. You are given a set of questions
below. Use a search engine to look up your answers then copy the domain name (http://address) of the site where you had soured
your answer. Fill out the important details contained in the webpage. Wrote your answer on the space provided.

B. Desk Research.
Direction: Conduct a simple desk research. Survey 5 of your friends on Facebook by asking their feedback about 3 food
establishments that give excellent service and deliver the best take out/delivery food that they have been able to enjoy eating while
making themselves safe inside their homes. You will use the list to recommend it to future clients during the pandemic. Write
your answers on the space provided.
 E. ASSIMILATION:

Guide Question:

1. Why is it important to search and look only for reliable sources to obtain accurate and authentic information?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________;
2. What method do you find the most useful and convenient in doing your tour guiding research? Why?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________.

Activity 3. LEARNER’S TASK 1.3

Post-Test:
Directions: Put a check √ if the underlined word used in the statement is correct and X if it is incorrect. Write your answers on the
space provided.
____ 1. Google is the only search engine where you can get accurate information.
____ 2. Cross-checking with other references is unimportant to make sure that the information is accurate and authentic.
____ 3. Primary sources or data are the best to search and is always available.
____ 4. Sources of information are classified into two.
____ 5. Contacting tourism authorities is the best option when you are specifically searching or local tourism-related
Information.

REFLECTION:
To summarize your learning for today’s lesson, complete these sentences, write your answers on the spaces provided:

In researching tour guiding information, it is important ____________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________.

Parent’s Signature: _____________/Date: __________ Student’s Signature: _________________/Date: __________

Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ___________________
Grade/Section: ______________________________________ Teacher: _________________

Quarter 1-Week 5-6

Topic: Types of Commentary, Selection of Commentary & Components of Commentary
Learning Competencies: 1.3 Select commentary material
1.4 Develop commentary or tour scripts based from the gathered information.
A. INTRODUCTION
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of the learning period, the student should be able to:
1. identify types of commentary used in tour spiels;
2. utilize searched information in drafting a commentary; and
3. write individual scripts for tour commentary;

D. DEVELOPMENT

Activity 1. LEARNER’S TASK 1.1-Pre-Test

Directions: In a sheet of paper, write the be Unscramble the following word;
Word Clue Answer
NGIDIUG ROUT It is an interactive activity in which a tour guide meets tourist or a group
of tourists and takes engages them in commentary about the place.

YRATNEMMOC It an expression of opinions or offering of explanations about an event

or situation.
TEDPIRCS It should be thought of as a guide about what needs to be said rather than
YRATNEMMOC a complete list of everything that needs to be said in during a tour.

EVITAMROFNI It is a narrative used by a tour guide to describe a site and provide

information about various aspects of a country to tourist when on a tour.
Discussion of the Key Concepts:
The Tour Commentary
What is a Tour Commentary?
 A tour commentary is a narrative used by a tour guide to describe a site and provide information about various aspects of
a country to tourist while on a tour. They are generally referred to as the ‘guide’s speak” and include general information
and local stories about attractions or sites, events and personalities in a country.
Preparing a Tour Commentary
How Does a tour guide prepare a tour commentary?
The procedure for preparing a commentary is as follows:
 Establish the needs and interests of the group.
 Confirm the itinerary.
 Access sources of information about sites to be visited.
 Research on the facts about the attraction to be visited.
 “Prepare the next of the tour commentary based on the established facts.
Keeping the Commentary Updated
As a performer, draw on the group’s energy
 The guide may feel renewed during the many hours of the by looking at visitor’s reaction to ensure active participation
and eliminate boredom.
Delivery of Commentaries On-Transit
 Seek feedback throughout the tour to foster the visitor’s attention.
 Respond to enquiries accurately and positively, when an answer is not available, refer to the field guides and other
information sources.
 If an answer is still not available for a query, apologize and refer the enquiry to an alternative source of information
 Focus on what you know be specific and express the information in terms of what the visitors can see.

LOCAL GUIDING COMMENTARY MATERIALS

 SOURCES OF COMMENTARY MATERIALS

A. PRIMARY DATA ◦ -first-hand experiences
 Ex: EXPERIENCE is the BEST Teacher.
 SOURCES OF COMMENTARY MATERIALS
B. SECONDARY INFORMATION ◦ -from reading books, internet, magazines and other references
 Ex: Travel magazine, Travel journals and blogs, Travel and Tourism references
 SOURCES OF COMMENTARY MATERIALS
C. TECHNICAL DATA ◦ -expert knowledge from education and training
 Ex: Seminars, training centres, universities and etc.
 SOURCES OF COMMENTARY MATERIALS
D. CURRENT EVENTS ◦ -recent happenings and events
 Ex: Weather reports, road and traffic updates and social events
 SOURCES OF COMMENTARY MATERIALS E. TRIVIAS ◦ -tidbits of almost anything
 Ex: factual information about some people, places or events
TYPES OF COMMENTARIES –welcome remarks -giving description and advices -answering queries –additional
notes

A. REQUIRED COMMENTARY
B. INFORMATIVE COMMENTARY
C. REQUESTED COMMENTARY
D. OPTIONAL COMMENTARY
COMPONENTS OF COMMENTARY -welcoming spill - answers 5WH’s -reactions and questions -emphasize important matters
-show concern -ending remarks
A. INTRODUCTION
B. BODY OF COMMENTARY
C. FEEDBACK
D. SUMMARY OF THE COMMENTARY
E. REMINDERS/ WARNINGS
F. THANK YOU AND GOODBYE
TIPS 1. Make sure that stories have beginnings, middle story and endings.
2. Collect stories
3. Create a theme
4. Stimulate curiosity

C. ENGAGEMENT
Activity 2. LEARNER’S TASK 1.2
Direction: Write a short script for commentary following the given Components of Commentary.
Rubrics for the Activity:
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2
Completion Student completed the Students completed at Students completed less None at all
entire activity least ¾ of the activity than ½ of the activity
Content So clear and complete Correct answer Some incorrect or No script
misused

D. ASSIMILATION:
Guide Question:
1. Why is it important to search and look only for reliable commentaries?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________;
2. What type of commentary do you find the most useful and convenient in doing your tour guiding research? Why?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________.

Activity 3. LEARNER’S TASK 1.3

Post-Test:
Activity 3. LEARNER’S TASK 1.3 TELL ME THE TRUTH!
Direction: Modified TRUE or FALSE. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if FALSE. If the statement is FALSE, write the
correct statement to make it true.
1. You can encourage the guests to participate and allow them to speak on the microphone.
2. Being late is a first sign of professionalism.
3. Tour guides must be sensitive to the cultural background and needs of the tourists to serve them well.
4. Tour guides are not required to wear proper attire.
5. Sticking to the schedule will not benefit everybody in the tour group and underscores the credibility of the guide’s instructions.
6. Selling souvenir items or local currency may be impolite for the tour guide to do.
7. Tour guides should be kind and patient.
8. As a tour guide showing to the tourists how exhausted you are is just normal.
9. Tour guides must take care of themselves properly.
10. Tour guides must also take care of the tourists and their needs

REFLECTION:
To summarize your learning for today’s lesson, complete these sentences, write your answers on the spaces provided:

In researching tour guiding information, it is important ____________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Parent’s Signature: _____________/Date: __________ Student’s Signature: _________________/Date: __________

Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ___________________
Grade/Section: ______________________________________ Teacher: _________________
Quarter 1-Week 7-8
Topic: Uses of Electronic Resources for Writing, Technical Writing Skills,
Costing principles & Travel & Tours Documents
Learning Competencies: 2.1 Prepare log book
2.2 Organize travel & tour documents TLE_HEGS9-12RT-Ig-j2

A. INTRODUCTION
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of the learning period, the student should be able to:
1 identify the uses and purpose of a log book;
2. prepare Log book; and
3. List of travel & tour documents to prepare in organizing a tour.

E. DEVELOPMENT

Activity 1. LEARNER’S TASK 1.1-Pre-Test

Directions: (4PICS IN 1 WORD)

Take a look at the four pictures closely; observe what specific words fits with the theme of the photos presented.

_______________________ __________________________

SCORE: ____________________
SIGNATURE OF PARENT/GUARDIAN: _________________ Date: __________

THE TOUR GUIDES LOGBOOK

Logbook – to log means to take note of an occurrence in a systematic record. In this regard, the logbook serves as an important
tool for monitoring activities related to a particular subject. What we take note of depends on the purpose of the logbook. The
logbook usually includes:

1. The date and time of log;

2.The name of the person logging the details; and
3. The activity that happened.

It is one of the ways to capture and record information of a tourist guide on his or her assignment. It helps to collect detailed
information on the itinerary and can be used later on as a record if inconsistency happened.

Activity 2. LEARNER’S TASK 1.2 - Essay

Direction: In a whole sheet of paper, explain briefly why it is important to keep a Log Book?
RUBRIC

Discussion of the Key Concepts:

A travel document is an identity document issued by a government or international treaty organization to facilitate the movement
of individuals or small groups of people across international boundaries, following international agreements. Travel documents
usually assure other governments that the bearer may return to the issuing country,
and are often issued in booklet form to allow other governments to place visas as well as entry and exit stamps into them. The
most common travel document is a passport, which usually gives the bearer more privileges
like visa-free access to certain countries. However, the term is sometimes used only for those documents which do not bear proof
of nationality, such as a refugee travel document.

When traveling in the Philippines, it is extremely important to meet all the entry requirements established by the government.

Citizens of many countries are not required to apply for a visa to travel to the Philippines. However, it is still necessary to have the
following:

 Hotel Bookings
 School/company ID, if applicable
Another important that needs to keep in mind is that all travelers must bring Proof of financial means. This can be provided by
showing a sufficient amount of cash or a debit or credit card.
For some travelers, the Philippines visitor visa is necessary

A Visa is an endorsement made on a travel document by a consular officer at a Philippine Embassy or Consulate abroad denoting
that the visa application has been properly examined and that the bearer is
permitted to proceed to the Philippines and request permission from the Philippine Immigration authorities at the ports of entries
to enter the country. The visa thus issued is not a guarantee that the holder will be automatically
admitted into the country, because the admission of foreign nationals into the Philippines is a function of the immigration
authorities at the port of entry.

Applications for a temporary visitor’s visa must be made in person at an embassy or consulate. Philippines visa requirements for
tourist permits include, among others, having a valid passport. In the case of a minor,
under 18 years of age, the application must be made by their parent or guardian.

Requirements for travel to the Philippines

Whether or not a foreign citizen needs a visa for the Philippines depends on a variety of factors, the main ones being:
• The country that issued the visitor’s passport
• The traveler’s reason(s) to visit the Philippines
• The intended length of stay
Travel Visa Conditions for the Philippines.
The Philippines has visa exemption agreements with several countries around the world. Therefore, a great number of nationals
are not required to apply for a visa.
Travel Requirements for foreigners who wish to enter the Philippines:

Passport with a validity of six months beyond the expected stay

 Round trip flight itinerary
 Hotel or accommodation reservations
 Cash, debit or credit card
Most nationalities are granted a stay of up to 30 days in the Philippines. Visa extensions are possible while in the Philippines, but
these types of visa processes carry a cost.

F. ENGAGEMENT

Activity 3. LEARNER’S TASK 1.3

Direction: Using the Venn Diagram. Identify and list down the differences and similarities of two necessary documents in
traveling. Write your answer in a sheet of paper.

Activity 4. LEARNER’S TASK 1.4

Direction: Using the format/template below. Prepare a tour guide’s logbook for a half-day morning tour of the following places.
1. School
2. Church
3. Museum
4. Wet Market

G. ASSIMILATION:

Activity 5. LEARNER’S TASK 1.5

Direction: Explain how this quote speaks a lot how important Log book to a tour guide or in any tour. (5 points)
“If you don’t know where you are going, you’ll end up someplace else.” – Yogi Berra
RUBRIC!

SCORE: ____________________
SIGNATURE OF PARENT/GUARDIAN: _________________ Date: __________

Activity 6. LEARNER’S TASK 1.6

List down the 5 necessary traveling documents that most of the other foreign travelers must have:
1. ____________________________ 4. _________________________________
2. ____________________________ 5. _________________________________
3. ____________________________
REFLECTION:
To summarize your learning for today’s lesson, complete these sentences, write your answers on the spaces provided:

In researching tour guide Log ins it is important ____________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Parent’s Signature: _____________/Date: __________ Student’s Signature: _________________/Date: __________

Reference
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority-Qualification Standards Office. Training Regulations for
Local Guiding Services NC II. Taguig City, Philippines: TESDA, 2013.
Cruz, Zenaida L. Principles and Ethics of Tour Guiding. (Quezon City Philippines: Rex Book Store,1999 ed).
Claravall, Bienvenido G. Travel and Tour Operations in the Philippines. 2nd ed. Sampaloc,( Manila:
Libosada, Carlos M. Domestic Tourism-A New Edition. Series 2011. (Manila: Anvil Publishing2011). Mancini,
Marc. Conducting Tours. Third ed. (United States: DELMAR CENGAGE Publishers, 2001).