The Efficacy of Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment

Isabela National High School – Senior High School 1
Isabela National High School

Senior High School
THE EFFICACY OF BERMUDA GRASS (Cynodon dactylon) AND

BANANA STALK (Musa paradisiaca linn) OINTMENT ON
THE HEALING TIME OF INCISED WOUNDS
A Research Proposal Presented to The Faculty of

Isabela National High School - Senior High School
Barcarse, Chiquee U.
Claravall, Sophia D.
Eusebio, Gerante A.
Figarola, Bien Luiggi M.
Galolo, John Jherome A.
Gonzales, Nigel King C.
Manzano, Rose Anne L.
Medina, Martha Esperanza B.
Mendoza, Dale Lawrence
Pua, Mioangelo
Ramiscal, Reysa Joy
Ramones, John Matthew M.
March 2020
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Inquiry, Investigation and
Immersion, this research entitled THE EFFICACY OF BERMUDA GRASS (Cynodon
dactylon) AND BANANA STALK (Musa paradisiaca linn) OINTMENT ON THE
HEALING TIME OF INCISED WOUNDS has been prepared and submitted by
and is hereby recommended for oral examination.
_______________________
Christian Paul R. Gangan
Research Adviser
Defended in an Oral Examination before a duly constituted panel with a mark of

________.
_____________________
Rodelio V. Macapuy
Chairman
_____________________ _____________________
Mirasol B. Paguirigan FROILAN B. PARIÑA
Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the subject Inquiry, Investigation

and Immersion.
_____________________
ELVIRA A. DELOS REYES
Assistant Schools Principal II
_____________________
SILVINO B. CABANGAN
Secondary Schools Principal IV
ABSTRACT
Title : The Efficacy of Bermuda Grass (Cynodon

dactylon) and Banana Stalk (Musa paradisiaca linn)
Ointment on the Healing Time of Incised Wounds
Total Number of Pages : __
Type of Document : Senior High School Research
Authors : Barcarse, Chiquee U.
Claravall, Sophia D.
Eusebio, Gerante A.
Figarola, Bien Luiggi M.
Galolo, John Jherome A.
Gonzales, Nigel King C.
Manzano, Rose Anne L.
Medina, Martha Esperanza B.
Mendoza, Dale Lawrence
Pua, Mioangelo
Ramiscal, Reysa Joy
Ramones, John Matthew M.
Name of Institution : Isabela National High School – Senior High
School
Address : Brgy. San Vicente, City of Ilagan, Isabela
This study entitled “The Efficacy of Bermuda Grass (Cynodon Dactylon) and
Banana Stalk (Musa Paradisiaca Linn) Ointment on the Healing Time of Incised
Wounds” sought to test the anti-microbial properties of Bermuda grass and Banana Stalk
in terms of the healing time of incised wounds.
Specifically, it determined the effectiveness of the Bermuda grass and Banana
Stalk ointment in healing incised wounds. The test subjects were selected using purposive
sampling under non-probability sampling. It was selected based on their age and gender.
6 Sprague Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) were used to test the efficacy of Bermuda grass
and Banana Stalk ointment on the healing time of incised wounds. The 6 Sprague Dawley
(Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 2 since there are two different treatments. The rats
were observed for 9 days, wherein the ointment was applied to the wound of the rats
every day, and the wound was measured in millimeters every other day by using a ruler
to determine the efficacy of the treatments in wound healing. The measurements were
recorded, computed and analyzed using T-Test.
Based from the generated results and findings, the following conclusions were
drawn. First, the wound of the test subjects wherein the ointment was applied were
completely healed. Therefore, the product was effective in treating incised wounds.
Second, the healing time of incised wound of the rats was faster when the ointment was
applied compared to the commercially bought medicine. Lastly, there was no side effect
in treating incised wounds using the Bermuda grass and Banana Stalk ointment.
KEYWORD/S: Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), Banana Stalk (Musa paradisiaca
linn), and incised wounds.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers wish to extend their deepest gratitude and sincerest thanks to all
people who made this study possible by giving their support in any form.
To our research adviser, Sir Christian Paul R. Gangan, who supported the
researchers from the very beginning until we finished our study.
To Mrs. Josephine D. Claravall, for guiding in conducting our study.
To the faculty, for allowing us to borrow the necessary equipments needed for the
study.
To the researcher’s parents, for their unending support and guidance.
To Mark Angelo A. Tamulto, for helping the researchers in their study.
To their friends and loved ones, for their unconditional love, unwavering support
and invaluable sacrifices when they were needed the most.
And to God, for giving all the needed skills, knowledge, strength, bravery and
love for the researches to finish the study.
Researchers
Table of Contents
Title Page 1
Approval Sheet 2
Abstract 3-4
Acknowledgement 5
Table of Contents 6-7
Dedication 8
List of Tables and Figures 9
List of Appendices 10
Introduction and Literature Review
Introduction 11
Objectives of the study 12
Literature Review 18
Methods
Research Design 22
Procedures 23-25
Data Analysis 26-30

Results and Discussion
Conclusions 32
Recommendations 32-33
References
Appendices
Curriculum Vitae
DEDICATION
The researchers of Isabela National High School would like to dedicate this research
paper to their families for undying love and unwavering support in every time that they
were needed most,
To their loved ones that serve as their motivation in finishing the study,
To their classmates and friends for their support in accomplishing the study,
To their teachers, for putting their faith that the researchers will finish the study,
To this institution, for giving the researchers the service that they needed,
And most of all, to God, the maker and source of all.
Researchers
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1 Wound Size of the Test Animals in 26

Millimeter in an Interval
Table 2 Experimental (Bermuda Grass and 27

Banana Stalk Ointment)
Table 3 T Test Results of Wound Size with the Application of the 28

Commercially Bought Medicine (Betadine) and the
Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment
Figure 1 Mean Wound Size with the Application of the 29

Commercially Bought Medicine (Betadine)and the
Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment
Table 4 T Test Results of Mean Wound Size with the Application 29

of the Commercially Bought Medicine (Betadine) and
the Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A Letter
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The Philippines is famously known for its rich and mesmerizing tropical diversity.
The fact that countless wildlife and plant variety can be found in such a small area has led
people to use them to their advantage to progress as a civilization. People are known to
use herbs and vegetation to create medicine, and because the Philippines has plenty of
different species of accessible plant life, the researchers thought of doing the same; the
usage of plant life, namely Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon) and Banana Stalk (Musa
paradisiaca linn) to treat incised wounds.
The use of Bermuda Grass, especially in reducing the inflammation as well as
infection, angiogenesis and the associated wound healing benefits, has been widely
reported in various traditional medicine systems; Results indicates that the Musa
paradisiaca Linn was rich in glucosides, tannins and alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and
phenols were present in moderate quantities. The extract shows antibacterial activity
against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings presented
proof that both ingredients possess qualities that can aid to healing incised wounds.
The researchers plan to use the Bermuda grass and Banana Stalk and create an
ointment to treat incised wounds. To make the ointment, honey, petroleum jelly, and the
Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk extract will be placed in a beaker with the hot plate
under it. Then the mixture will be then cooled at room temperature while shaking and
wait until the mixture hardens.
This research is essential to provide more ways in treating incised wounds. This
can also provide more affordable, more effective, and more practical techniques to make
the medicine to the said wounds. This research also helps to reduce the effort needed to
find raw materials, since Bermuda grass and Banana stalk is common and abundant in the
Philippines.
Background of the Study
Accidents happen in our day-to-day activities. They are completely normal, and
possibly inevitable. These accidents, such as mishandling equipment, or just falling down
to the ground tend to deal minor injuries to the body: namely wounds, cuts, bruises, and
others. These injuries that are so small and minute that people just ignore them and let the
body heal itself, without tending to the damage. Most wounds are classed as incised
wounds (cut), lacerations (rugged cuts), or abrasions (grazes). Incised wounds are usually
cause by a sharp object slicing the skin. Depending on the location of the wound, blood
vessels, muscles, nerves, and even bones may be affected.
Wounds, if left untreated, may cause causative organisms such as Staphylococcus
aureus/MRSA, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to
enter the body. These bacteria can cause life-threatening diseases such as Bacteremia and
Pneumonia. To increase prevention of this, wounds must be tended immediately and
effectively.
Effective and affordable medicine is always in demand and in need, and easier
applications of these medicine to the body is widely researched and studied. Also,
alternative ingredients to create the medicine is also researched to attain affordability,
while still maintaining effectiveness of the treatment.
A research study done by Dande and Kahn (2012) found out that the wound
healing potential of Cynodon dactylon produced prominent increase in wound healing
area of rats. The healing time of wounds was well comparable to Povidone-iodine
ointment (Betadine).
Results indicates that the Musa paradisiaca Linn is rich in glucosides, tannins and
alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and phenols were present in moderate quantities. The
extract shows antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus
aureus (Amutha & Selvakumari, 2014)
Cynodon dactylon and Musa paradisiaca Linn is abundant and attainable in the
Philippines, and when combined may provide a more effective healing potential
compared to their individual application or the commercially available medicine.

Conceptual Framework
OUTPUT
INPUT Bermuda grass
Bermuda Grass PROCESS (Cynodon dactylon)
(Cynodon dactylon) and Banana Stalk
Healing time of (Musa paradisiaca
and Banana Stalk
incised wounds linn) ointment that
(Musa paradisiaca
lynn) ointment is effective in
healing incised
wounds
Figure 1
The Research Paradigm
Statement of the Problem
This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of Bermuda grass and Banana Stalk
ointment on the healing time of incised wounds. Specifically, this study sought to answer
the following questions:
1. Is Banana Stalk and Bermuda grass ointment an effective alternative in healing
incised wounds?
2. What is the healing time of incised wounds using the following treatments?
a) Betadine
b) Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment

3. Is there a side effect in treating incised wounds using Bermuda grass and Banana
Stalk ointment?
Hypothesis
H0: There is no significant difference between the Bermuda Grass and Banana
Stalk Ointment to the Commercially Bought medicine.
Ha: There is a significant difference between the Bermuda Grass and Banana
Stalk Ointment to the Commercially Bought medicine.
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study only focuses on the effectiveness of Bermuda grass and Banana Stalk
ointment on the healing time of incised wounds and no other wounds. The researchers
will conduct and experiment on Sprague Dawley rats to see the effectiveness of Bermuda
grass and Banana Stalk ointment as an alternative in treating incised wounds.
However, the researchers will only gather data limited to their skills, intellectual
capacity, knowledge about the study and personal connections. Related studies and
literature are also considered in the process of the study as a basis for analyzing their
study.
Significance of the Study
The researchers view the study to be significant to the following:
Community. This study will benefit the community by letting them know the
effectiveness of Bermuda grass and Banana Stalk ointment in healing incised wounds.
Researchers. It can increase the researchers’ knowledge regarding the efficacy of
Bermuda grass and Banana Stalk ointment as an alternative in treating incised wounds.
Future Researchers. This study shall also provide basis for future references and
shall help the future researchers to have a broader investigation in the future.
Definition of Terms
The following are the terms which are used conceptually and operationally to give
a deeper understanding of the problem at hand.
Banana Stalk. The stalk is the stem of the banana plant. The banana stalk
produces one huge flower cluster and the dies. The stalk is usually cut off the plant when
the bananas are plump and ready to ripen.
Bermuda Grass. A creeping grass stoloniferous southern European grass. Used
for lawns and pasture grass.
Incised wounds. A cut made in the surface of the skin or in other body tissue.
Ointment. A smooth oily preparation that is rubbed on the skin for medicinal
purposes or as a cosmetic.
Wounds. An injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow or other impact,
typically one in which the skin is cut or broken.
Laceration. A deep cut or tear in skin or flesh.
Consistency. The way in which a substance, typically a liquid, holds together;
thickness or viscosity.
Dye. A natural or synthetic substance used to add a color to or change the color of
something.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the summary of literature and studies that have relevance to
the present study. They are viewed by the researcher to gain deeper insights into the field
of study. It is from these materials that the concept of this work was based and formed. It
also bears the conceptual framework where this study was anchored.
Related Literature and Studies
The following key concepts are all related literature and studies about the efficacy
of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and Banana Stalk (Musa paradisiaca linn)
ointment on the healing time of incised wounds.
Bermuda Grass
Bermuda grass is native to tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. It is
actually a type of weed that originated from African Savannah and India. The name is
Bermuda Grass because it was first introduced in the USA from Bermuda. Bermuda grass
is a perennial lawn or turf grass, or grown as forage (pastures). It needs sun and grows
well in tropical, sub-tropical and the transition zones.
Bermuda grass is most used for outdoor landscaping, but it also possess medicinal
properties. According to Nagori (2011), the plant is a rich source of metabolites such as
proteins, carbohydrates, mineral constituents, P-sitosterol, flavanoids, alkaloids,
glycosides and triterpenoides.
According to Biswas et. al. (2017), The plant is used as hemostatic and wound
healing agent from ethno pharmacological point of view. Their study states that phenolic
acids and flavonoids present in c. dactylon supports its wound healing property for its
anti-oxidative activity that are responsible for collagenases.
A study done by Kumar and Kashyap (2013) states that the hydroalcholic
extract of C. dactylon (L.) Pers. was capable of promoting wound healing activity.
Enhanced wound contraction and histological observations suggest that C. dactylon
has potential in the management of wound healing.
Bermuda grass is also used in the traditional medicines to treat various ailments
such as anasarca, cancer, convulsions, cough, cramps, diarrhea, dropsy, dysentery,
epilepsy, headache, hemorrhage, hypertension, hysteria, measles, rubella, snakebite,
sores, stones, tumors, urogenital disorders, warts and wounds. The plant shows biological
activities such as antiviral and antimicrobial properties. (Nagori, 2011)

Banana Stalk
The Banana stalk, or the pseudo stem, is the part of the plant that looks like a
trunk. This 'false stem' is formed by the tightly packed overlapping leaf sheaths. The
pseudo stem continues to grow in height as the leaves emerge one after the other and
reaches its maximum height when the stem, which has been developing inside the pseudo
stem, emerges at the top of the plant. Even though the pseudo stem is very fleshy and
consists mostly of water, it is quite sturdy and can support a bunch that weighs 50 kg or
more.
Recent studies showed that banana stem contained some compound such as
flavonoid, saponin, and tannin that had antibacterial and anti-inflammation effect, and
can accelerate the wound healing.
Amutha and Selvakumari (2014) did a study that is designed to explore the
phytochemical, antibacterial and wound healing activity of methanolic stem extract of
Musa paradisiaca Linn (Banana). The phytochemical analysis was performed for the
methanolic stem extract of Musa paradisiaca Linn. Results indicates that the Musa
paradisiaca Linn was rich in glucosides, tannins and alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and
phenols were present in moderate quantities. The extract shows antibacterial activity
against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

The study observed that blood clotting and bleeding times were both significantly
reduced when the stem juice was introduced. These results are important to present, since
it is the first report on haemostatic effects of Musa paradisiaca Linn stem juice in
animals. These results suggested that the stem juice of Musa paradisiaca possesses
haemostatic properties, justifying its folklore use. (Weremfo, Adinortey, & Pappoe,
2011)
Relevance of the Related Literature and Studies to the Present Study
The related literature and studies are somehow relevant to the present study since
the cited studies prove a link to Bermuda grass and Banana stalk and an increase in
wound healing. Past researches indicated that both the Bermuda grass and Banana stalk
improved the healing of wounds and some researches indicate that they possess medicinal
properties to combat the bacteria that may infect the wound.
The mentioned studies and researches have common conclusions; through the
applications of the Bermuda grass and Banana stalk, the time needed for the incised
wounds to heal decreased drastically.

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This research study used the Complete Randomized Design in which two
comparable treatments were tested:
Treatment 0: Betadine
Treatment 1: Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment
Sampling Procedure and Sample
In this study, the researchers used Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and Banana
stalk (Musa paradisiaca linn) ointment as an alternative in treating incised wounds. The
test subjects that was used in this study were selected using purposive sampling under
non-probability sampling. It was selected based on their age and gender. 6 Sprague
Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) were used to test the efficacy of Bermuda grass and Banana
stalk ointment on the healing time of incised wounds.
The 6 Sprague Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 2 since there are
two different treatments.
Materials
• 8ml Banana stalk extract • 5pcs 5cc syringe • Small basin
• 8ml Bermuda grass • 4 bowls • Hot plate

extract
• 15ml Honey • 250 ml beaker • Weighing scale
• 30g of petroleum jelly • 10ml graduated • 2 empty

cylinder containers
• 2 pcs razor blade • 8 pairs surgical • Mortar and

gloves pestle
• 25 ml lidocaine • Tray • Ruler
• Small Jar/Container • Cheese cloth • Marker
Data Gathering Procedure and Method
Preparation of Materials
Extraction of Banana Stalk and Bermuda Grass
Making of the ointment
Preparation of the different treatment
Collection of Data and Statistical Treatment
Disposal
8 grams of Banana Stalk and 8 grams of Bermuda Grass leaves was extracted.
The Banana Stalk and Bermuda Grass was sterilized with the lukewarm water in a basin
and was laid in a tray.
Extraction of Banana Stalk and Bermuda Grass
The researchers used mortar and pestle to get the extract of Banana Stalk. For the
Bermuda Grass, a blender was used in getting the extract. And lastly, a cheese cloth was
used to filter out the dirt.
Making of the ointment
First, set up the hot plate with the beaker on top of it. Put 30g of petroleum jelly in
the beaker then melt it completely then add 15ml of honey then place 8ml of Bermuda
Grass extract and 8ml of Banana Stalk extract. When the mixture is ready, transfer it to
an empty container and let it cool in a room temperature while shaking it until it hardens.
Preparation of the Different Treatment
Treatment 0: 8 ml of Betadine
Treatment 1: Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment
Experimental Procedure
The ointment was tested using 3 Sprague Dawley (Rattus Norvegicus). A razor
blade and pair of scissors was used to remove the fur of the abdominal part of the rat.
Lidocaine was applied to the rat using a syringe, and afterwards, a separate razor blade
was used to cut 25 mm on each. The product, then were applied to the wound of the rats.
And lastly, the rats were marked accordingly with the different treatments to determine
the trials that was used in the study.
Collection of Data and Statistical Treatment
The rats were observed for 9 days, wherein the ointment was applied to the
wound of the rats every day, and the wound was measured in millimeters every other day
by using a ruler to determine the efficacy of the treatments in wound healing. The
measurements were recorded, computed and analyzed using T-Test.
Disposal
The rats were allowed to heal and will be used by other researchers for their
study.
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter presents the data together with its analyses and interpretations. They
are presented, analyzed and interpreted by the researcher to gain deeper insights into the
field of study. It is from these results that the summary, conclusion and recommendations
of this work was based and formed.
Table 1
Wound Size of the Test Animals in Millimeter in an Interval
Days
Trials 1 3 5 7 9
Trial 1 25 25 25 19 14
Trial 2 25 20 18 15 10
Trial 3 25 23 20 17 13
Mean 25 22.66667 21 17 12.3333
As presented on the table 1, the mean wound size in day 1 as inflicted to the test
subjects was 25 mm. In day 3, 5, and 7 the mean wound size slightly decreased. And in
day 9 the mean wound size decreased significantly but it did not completely heal.
Therefore, the utilization of the commercially bought medicine (Betadine) as a healing
agent was not that effective compared to the other treatment.
Experimental (Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment)
Trial 1 25 21 15 9 0
Trial 2 25 23 18 11 0
Trial 3 25 18 13 6 0
Mean 25 20.66667 15.33333 8.666667 0
As presented on the table 2, the mean wound size in day 1 as inflicted to the test
subjects was 25 mm. In day 3, 5 and 7 the mean wound size decreased significantly. And
in day 9 the wound was completely healed. Therefore, the utilization of the Bermuda
Grass and Banana Stalk ointment as a healing agent was effective compared to the other
treatment.
Table 3
T Test Results of Wound Size with the Application of the Commercially Bought
Medicine (Betadine) and the Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment
Day P Value Analysis Verbal

Interpretation
3 0.39 f>0.05 Insignificant
5 0.09 f>0.05 Insignificant
7 0.01 f<0.05 Significant
9 0.0005 f<0.05 Significant
(Legend: If P value is >0.05 = insignificant; if P value is <0.05 = significant)
The table shows the significant difference of the treatments every other day of
observation of the different trials on the length of wound using T-test at the level of
significance of 0.05.
The P value of day 3 and day 5 are greater than 0.05. Therefore, there is no
significant difference on the length of wound between the control group and the
experimental group. However, in day 7 and day 9, the P value is less than 0.05 so there is
a significant difference on the length of wound between the control group and the
experimental group. The results indicate that on day 7 and day 9, it has considerably
showed a significant difference on the treatments signifying that T1 with a mean of 13.93
is more effective than the control group.
Figure 1
Mean Wound Size with the Application of the Commercially Bought Medicine
(Betadine)and the Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment
30
25
20
15 Betadine
Ointment
10
0
1 3 5 7 9
The graph shows that T0 (Ointment), which has a mean wound size of 19.6, has a
greater mean wound size compared to T1 (Ointment) that has a lower mean wound size
of 13.93 which indicated that the wound healed faster with this treatment.
Table 4
T Test Results of Mean Wound Size with the Application of the Commercially
Bought Medicine (Betadine)and the Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment
P Value Analysis Verbal Interpretation
0.047459 f>0.05 Significant

Table 4 indicates that there is a significant difference on the length of wound
between the control group and the experimental group. Therefore, rejecting the null
hypothesis showing that using the Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk ointment was
effective.
Past researches indicated that both the Bermuda grass and Banana stalk improved
the healing of wounds and some researches indicate that they possess medicinal
properties to combat the bacteria that may infect the wound.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
SUMMARY
This study entitled “The Efficacy of Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon) and
Banana Stalk (Musa paradisiaca linn) Ointment on the Healing Time of Incised
Wounds” sought to test the anti-microbial properties of Bermuda grass and Banana Stalk
in terms of the healing time of incised wounds.
Specifically, it determined the effectiveness of the Bermuda grass and Banana
Stalk ointment in healing incised wounds. The test subjects were selected using purposive
sampling under non-probability sampling. It was selected based on their age and gender.
6 Sprague Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) were used to test the efficacy of Bermuda grass
and Banana Stalk ointment on the healing time of incised wounds. The 6 Sprague Dawley
(Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 2 since there are two different treatments. The rats
were observed for 9 days, wherein the ointment was applied to the wound of the rats
every day, and the wound was measured in millimeters every other day by using a ruler
to determine the efficacy of the treatments in wound healing. The measurements were
recorded, computed and analyzed using T-Test.
drawn.
First, the wound of the test subjects wherein the ointment was applied were
completely healed. Therefore, the product was effective in treating incised wounds.
Second, the healing time of incised wound of the rats was faster when the
ointment was applied compared to the commercially bought medicine. Lastly, there was
no side effect in treating incised wounds using the Bermuda grass and Banana Stalk
ointment.
CONCLUSIONS
drawn.
1. Under the observation of the researchers, the Bermuda grass and Banana Stalk
ointment was observed to be effective in treating incised wounds according to the
results that was analyzed using the T-test. It can be decided that the results are
significant.
2. The healing time of incised wound of the rats was faster when the ointment was
applied compared to the commercially bought medicine (Betadine).
RECOMMENDATIONS
In view of the foregoing findings and conclusions, the following
recommendations are made.
1. Anti-microbial properties of Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk ointment be
further tested (e.g. phytochemical analysis).

2. Tincture of Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk be used instead of an ointment.
3. Use other extracting methods (e.g. use distilling flask).
4. Seek for assistance from a vet to incise the wounds of the rats for better
accuracy.
References
Amutha, K., and Selvakumari, U. (2014). Wound healing activity of methanolic stem
extract of Musa paradisiaca Linn. (Banana) in Wistar albino rats. Retrieved
from
Biswas et. al. (2016). Evaluation of Cynodon dactylon for wound healing activity.
Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874
116304913.
Dande, P., and Kahn A. (2012). Evaluation of wound healing potential of Cynodon
dactylon. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286032741_Evaluation_of_wound_heal
ing_potential_of_Cynodon_dactylon.
Kumar, A., and Kashyap, P. (2013). Wound healing activity of Cynodon dactylon (L.)
Pers. In albino wistar rats. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284602072_Wound_healing_activity_of
_Cynodon_dactylon_L_Pers_In_albino_wistar_rats.
Nagori, B. (2011). Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.: A Valuable Medicinal Plant. Retrieved
from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270950948_Cynodon_dactylon_L_Per
s_A_Valuable_Medicinal_Plant.
Weremfo, Adinortey, & Pappoe (2011). Haemostatic effect of the stem juice of Musa
paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) in Guinea pigs. Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6bab/2ef22b8c9c4f337572893cbf741fee899f1d.
pdf
APPENDIX A
RAW DATA
The Measurement of Wounds in Millimeters

(Betadine)
Trials Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 Day 9

Trial 1 25 25 25 19 14
Trial 2 25 20 18 15 10
Trial 3 25 23 20 17 13
Mean 25 22.66667 21 17 12.3333
The Measurement of Wounds in Millimeters

(Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment)
Trials Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 Day 9

Trial 1 25 21 15 9 0
Trial 2 25 23 18 11 0
Trial 3 25 18 13 6 0
Mean 25 20.66667 15.33333 8.666667 0
Day 3
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Variable
Variable 1 2
Mean 22.66666667 20.66667
Variance 6.333333333 6.333333
Observations 3 3
Pooled Variance 6.333333333
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 0.973328527
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.192752465
t Critical one-tail 2.131846786
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.385504929
t Critical two-tail 2.776445105
Day 5
Variable
Variable 1 2
Mean 21 15.33333
Variance 13 6.333333
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 2.232209359
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.044695678
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.089391356
Day 7
Variable
Variable 1 2
Mean 8.666666667 17
Variance 6.333333333 4
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
-
t Stat 4.490132551
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.005452352
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.010904704
Day 9
Variable
Variable 1 2
Mean 12.33333333 0
Variance 4.333333333 0
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 10.26195363
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.000254212
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.000508424
APPENDIX B
DOCUMENTATION
6 male rats were grouped into 2 setups with 3 replications each

Preparation of the Ointment

Bermuda grass and Banana Stalk Ointment
Fur Removal
Administration of Lidocaine
Wound Infliction
Application of Treatment
Measurement of Wound Length

The Efficacy of Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment

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The Efficacy of Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment

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Isabela National High School – Senior High School 1

Isabela National High School

THE EFFICACY OF BERMUDA GRASS (Cynodon dactylon) AND

A Research Proposal Presented to The Faculty of

Defended in an Oral Examination before a duly constituted panel with a mark of

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the subject Inquiry, Investigation

Title : The Efficacy of Bermuda Grass (Cynodon

in terms of the healing time of incised wounds.

Specifically, it determined the effectiveness of the Bermuda grass and Banana

recorded, computed and analyzed using T-Test.

KEYWORD/S: Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), Banana Stalk (Musa paradisiaca

linn), and incised wounds.

To Mrs. Josephine D. Claravall, for guiding in conducting our study.

To the researcher’s parents, for their unending support and guidance.

To Mark Angelo A. Tamulto, for helping the researchers in their study.

Table of Contents 6-7

List of Tables and Figures 9

Introduction and Literature Review

Objectives of the study 12

Data Analysis 26-30

Results and Discussion

were needed most,

And most of all, to God, the maker and source of all.

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 1 Wound Size of the Test Animals in 26

Table 2 Experimental (Bermuda Grass and 27

Table 3 T Test Results of Wound Size with the Application of the 28

Figure 1 Mean Wound Size with the Application of the 29

Table 4 T Test Results of Mean Wound Size with the Application 29

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

paradisiaca linn) to treat incised wounds.

The use of Bermuda Grass, especially in reducing the inflammation as well as

against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings presented

wait until the mixture hardens.

Background of the Study

vessels, muscles, nerves, and even bones may be affected.

Wounds, if left untreated, may cause causative organisms such as Staphylococcus

aureus/MRSA, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to

Pneumonia. To increase prevention of this, wounds must be tended immediately and

alternative ingredients to create the medicine is also researched to attain affordability,

while still maintaining effectiveness of the treatment.

healing potential of Cynodon dactylon produced prominent increase in wound healing

extract shows antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus

aureus (Amutha & Selvakumari, 2014)

compared to their individual application or the commercially available medicine.

Statement of the Problem

the following questions:

1. Is Banana Stalk and Bermuda grass ointment an effective alternative in healing

b) Bermuda Grass and Banana Stalk Ointment

Stalk Ointment to the Commercially Bought medicine.

Stalk Ointment to the Commercially Bought medicine.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

grass and Banana Stalk ointment as an alternative in treating incised wounds.

Significance of the Study

The researchers view the study to be significant to the following:

Researchers. It can increase the researchers’ knowledge regarding the efficacy of

a deeper understanding of the problem at hand.

the bananas are plump and ready to ripen.

Bermuda Grass. A creeping grass stoloniferous southern European grass. Used

for lawns and pasture grass.

Wounds. An injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow or other impact,

typically one in which the skin is cut or broken.