Chapter-1; Introduction 1.1 General: From the beginning of the mankind, different structure system has been invented and implemented for different purposes, by different community and on different time span. In early centuries of civilization, Egyptians used calcinated gypsum to give brick or stone structures a smooth coating. Ancient Greece also made a similar application of calcinated limestone, On the other hand Romans frequently used broken brick aggregate embedded in a mixture of lime putty with brick dust or volcanic ash. They built a wide variety of structures that incorporated stone and concrete, including roads, aqueducts, temples and palaces. These all ancient communities made their structures which are very beautiful and significant to till date. But those structure systems and their-components weren’t very easy to find and construct. Years after years past on those significant constructions. Thus, different structure system had been invented and introduced to the world of construction. Reinforced concrete structures are ‘one of the most popular and convenient structure systems. Concrete is one of the most popular materials for buildings because it has high compressive strength, flexibility in its form and it is widely available. The history of concrete usage dates back for over a thousand years or more. Contemporary cement concrete has been used since the early nineteenth century with the development of Portland cement. Despite the high compressive strength, concrete has limited tensile strength, only about ten percent of its compressive strength and zero strength after cracks develop. In the late nineteenth century, reinforcing materials, such as iron or steel rods, began to be used to increase the tensile strength of concrete. Today steel bars are used as common reinforcing material. Usually steel bars have over 100 times the tensile strength of concrete, but the cost is higher than concrete. Therefore, it is most economical that concrete resists compression and steel provides tensile strength. Also it is essential that concrete and steel deform together and deformed reinforcing bars are being used to increase the capacity to resist bond stresses. 1.2 Advantages of reinforced concrete can be summarized as follows: Relatively high compressive strength. thas better resistance to fire than steel or wood thas a long service life with low maintenance cost. In some types of structures, such as dams, piers, and footing, itis the most economical structural material. It can be cast to take any shape required, making it widely used in precast structural. . . Page 1 of 1541.3 Disadvantages of reinforced concrete can be summarized as follows: thas a low tensile strength (zero strength after cracks develop). It needs mixing, casting, and curing, all of which affect the final strength of concrete, The cost of the forms used to cast concrete is relatively high. It has a lower compressive strength than steel (about 1/10, depending on ‘material), which requires large sections in columns of multistory buildings. Cracks develop in concrete due to shrinkage and the application of live loads. 14 Building: A relatively permanent enclosed construction over a plot of land, having a roof and usually windows and often more than one level, used for any of a wide variety of activities, as living, entertaining, or manufacturing. There are two parts of a building, Those are shown in the following diagram: + » 1.4.1 Superstructure: A superstructure is the part of a building or construction entirely above its foundation or basement. These three are the main parts of super-structure. There are some other Parts of super-structure such as stair, lintel, grade-beam, overhead reservoir etc. But in this report I will discuss the main part of super-structure, Page 2 of 1541.4.2 Sub-structure: A structure forming the foundation of a building or other construction. There are different types of sub structures. e.g, Footing-Foundation, Water Reservoir, raft- Foundation, Pier, Pile-Foundation etc. 1.5 Goal: + To make a complete and easier solution of some of the structural component (slab, beam, column & footing) design. + To make a comparison of the WSD & USD design method. + To give the readers a minimum theoretical knowledge about the design components. 1.6 Objectiv © To determine steel amount of different components of a residential building using both WSD & USD method. * To find out the deviation of steel amount 1.7 Description: This thesis consists of six chapters, the first of which presents introductory and background information about this report work. The second chapter is about the company overview through which this practicum session has been finished. The third chapter discusses about slab design. The fourth chapter is about beam designing; whereas the fifth chapter discusses about column design. And finally the sixth chapter enlists the conclusion. 1.8 Design Methods of Reinforced Concrete Structure: ‘Two major calculating methods of reinforced concrete have been used from early 1900's to till date. The first method is called Working Stress Design (WSD) and the second is called Ultimate Strength Design (USD). Working Stress Design was used as the principal method from early 1900's until the early 1960s, Since Ultimate Strength Design method was officially recognized and permitted from ACI 318-56, the main design method of ACI 318 Code has gradually changed from WSD to USD method. The program of this thesis is based on ACI 318-95 Code USD Method, published in 1995. 1.8.1 The Working Stress Design (WSD): Traditionally, elastic behavior was used as basis for the design method of reinforced concrete structures. This method is known as Working Stress Design (WSD) and also called the Altemate Design Method or the Elastic Design Method. This design concept is based on the Page 3 of 154clastic theory that assumes a straight-line stress distribution along the depth of the concrete section. To analyze and design reinforced concrete members, the actual load under working conditions, also called service load condition, is used and allowable stresses are decided depending on the safety factor. For example allowable compressive bending stress is calculated as 0.45f¢. If the actual stresses do not exceed the allowable stresses, the structures are considered to be adequate for strength, The WSD method is easier to explain and use than other method but this method is being replaced by the Ultimate Strength Design method. ACI 318 Code treats the WSD method just in a small part. 1.8.2 The Ultimate Strength Design (USD): ‘The Ultimate Strength Design method, also called Strength Design Method (SDM), is based on the ultimate strength, when the design member would fail. The USD method provides safety not by allowable stresses as for the ASD method but by factored loads, nominal strength and strength reduction factors 8, both defined by the ACI code. The load factors are 1.6 for live load and 1.2 for dead load. 1.9 Sources of the Study: A qualitative research method has been used to conduct this study of practicum for structural design & cost analysis of a six storied residential building. The common and Popularly used methods in Bangladesh are USD & WSD method. Some helping materials and standardize data and information of this report has been collected from the following sources: 1. Use codes, standards, judgment; state givens and assumptions. 2. Standard Construction Practice in Context of Bangladesh, 3 Structural Design and Construction Practice related publications. 4. Experienced Engineers and Supervisors of Structural Work. Pace 4nficaChapter-2: Literature Review A low-rise building is a building with up to four stories, Multistoried Building” means and include all buildings with more than four floors (including ground floors) or whose height is 15 meters or more. And a high-rise building is anything seven stories or greater. Some contend that there sure be an ultra or super high-rise to classify those buildings which are incredibly high. Most of these terms are associated to the International Building Code (IBC), as well as local jurisdictions’ own interpretations. But not all definitions will hold true across all disciplines, sectors, and countries. 2.2 Working Stress Design Method(WSD): The design concept is based on elastic theory,assuming a straight line stress distribution along the depth of the concrete.Concrete response elastically up to compressive strength not exceeding about ¥% its strength, while steel remains elastic practically upto yield strength.So in practically,allowable stresses are set at about 4 the concrete compressive strength and %4 the yield stress of steel. The concrete remain elastic at fc’ which range to strain of about 0.0005 and the steel is elastic near to its yield point or strain of 0.002. Accroding to ACI code the value is equal to 0.45fc’. 2.3 Ultimate Stress Design Method(USD): Base on the ultimate strength of the structure assuming a failure condition either due to concrete crushing or by yielding of steel.Addition strength of steel due to strain hardening is not encountered in the analysis design. Actual working loads are multiplied by load factor (>1) to obtain the ultimate design load. ACI (American Concrete Institute) code emphasizes this method2.4 SLAB Introduction: A slab provides a horizontal surface to structure and it is usually supported by columns,beams or walls. A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, Horizontal slabs are basically steel reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and 10 inch thick (might be more or less). These slabs are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for exterior paving. In many domestic and industrial buildings a thick concrete slab, supported on foundations or directly on the subsoil, is used to construct the ground floor of a building. In high rise buildings and skyscrapers concrete slabs are supported by the beam, columns and base support and sometimes by steel frames, to form the floors and ceilings on each level. On the technical drawings, reinforced concrete slabs are often abbreviated to "r.c.slab" or simply "r..”. Types of Slabs: Slabs can be categorized into two main types: One-way slabs and Two- way slabs. This two major types of slab has some other sub-types. Those are described below. One-way slab: One-way slab is the most basic and common type of slab. One-way slabs are supported by two opposite sides and bending occurs in one direction only. One-way slabs are designed as rectangular beams placed side by side. However, slabs supported by four sides may also be assumed as one-way stab when the ratio of lengths to width of two perpendicular sides exceeds the value “2”. In one-way slab system, nearly all loads are transferred in the short direction rather than long direction. There are some sub-types of One-way slab system which are described below: 1,One-way Beam and slab / One-way flat slab: These slabs are supported on two opposite sides and all bending moment and deflections are resisted in the short direction. A slab supported on four sides with length to width ratio greater than two, should be designed as one-way slab. 2.One-way joist floor system: This type of slab, also called ribbed slab, is supported by reinforced concrete ribs or joists. The ribs are usually tapered and uniformly spaced and supported on girders that rest on columns. Page 6 of 154‘Two-way slab is the type of slab which is supported by all the four sides by horizontal beam support. For the Two-way slabs the ratio of lengths to width of two perpendicular sides are less than the value “2”. Two-way slabs mainly carry the load in to two directions, and the bending moment in each direction is less than the bending moment of one- way slabs. Also two-way slabs have less deflection than one-way slabs. Compared to one-way slabs, Calculation of two-way slabs is more complex. There are some sub-types of two-way slab system which are described below; -Two-way beam and slab: If the slab is supported by beams on all four sides, the loads are transferred to all four beams, assuming rebar in both directions. 2.Two-way flat slab: A flat slab usually does not have beams or girders but is supported by drop panels or column capitals directly, All loads are transferred to the supporting column, with punching shear resisted by drop panels. 3.Two-way flat plate slab: AA flat slab usually does not have beams or girders and neither supported by drop panels. This type of slab is only supported by column capitals directly. All loads are transferred to the supporting column, with punching shear resisted by column effective zone reinforcement. 4.Two-way waffle slab: This type of slab consists of a floor slab with a length-to-width ratio less also a kind of Two-way slab but composed by concrete wafiles and transferred by the existing drop panel (below the concrete waffles) to the column, Page 7 of 154[ee a lab lethod: Determining the type of slab according to aspect ratio of long and short side lengths. Compute the minimum thickness based on ACI Code. Compute the slab self-weight and total design load. ‘Compute factored loads (1.2 DL + 1.6 LL). Compute the design moment. Assume the effective slab depth. Check the shear. Calculate the required steel ratio. Compute the required steel area. Design the reinforcement (main and temperature steel), Two-way slab design: Determining the type of slab according to aspect ratio of long and short side lengths. Determining and assume the thickness of slab to control deflection. Compute the slab self-weight and total design load. Compute factored loads (1.2 DL + 1.6 LL). Check the slab thickness against one-way shear and two-way shear. ‘Compute the design moment. Determine the distribution factor for the positive and negative moments using ACI Determine the steel reinforcement of the column and middle strips.De n Procedure of by WSD Methos One-way sl t yeas Determnining the type of slab according to aspect ratio of long and short side lengths, Compute the minimum thickness based on ACI Code. ‘Compute the slab self-weight and total design load. Compute factored loads Compute the design moment. Assume the effective slab depth. Check the shear. Calculate the required steel ratio. Compute the required steel area, Design the reinforcement (main and temperature steel). ‘Two-way slab design: ele Ae oo Determining the type of slab according to aspect ratio of long and short side lengths. Determining and assume the thickness of slab to control deflection. Compute the slab self-weight and total design load. Compute factored loads Check the slab thickness against one-way shear and two-way shear. ‘Compute the design moment. Determine the distribution factor for the positive and negative moments using ACL Determine the steel reinforcement of the column and middle strips. Page 9 of 154 *2.5 BEAM Introductio A beam is a horizontal or vertical structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external loads, own weight, span and extemal reactions to these loads is called a bending moment, Beams are traditionally descriptions of building or civil engineering structural elemeris, but smaller structures such as truck or automobile frames, machine frames, and other mechanical or structural systems contain beam structures that are designed and analyzed in a similar fashion. Beams generally carry vertical gravitational forces but can also be used to carry horizontal loads (i.e., loads due to an earthquake or wind). The loads carried by a beam are transferred to columns, walls, or girders, which then transfer the force to adjacent structural compression members. In light frame construction the joists rest on the beam. Types of Beam: Depending upon their supporting system RCC beam can be classified in to four categories as follows- 1 Simply Supported Beam 2.Continuous Beam 3.Semi-Continuous Beam 4.Cantilever Beam 5.T- Beam L. SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM: ‘The simply supported beam contains only a single span which is supported by two supports at both ends. This beam also called simple beam. Page 10 of 154Simply Supported Beam 2,CONTINUOUS BEAM: This types of beam has more than two span and has more than three supports along its length in one straight line, Continuous Beam 3. SEMI-CONTINUOUS BEAM: ‘This types of beams does not have more than two span and three supports. Semi-Continuous Beam 4, CANTILEVER BEAM This types of beam has only one support in one end, other end is free. Page 11 of 154Cantilever Beam S.T-BEAM: ‘When floor slabs and beams are poured simultaneously producing a monolithic structure where where the portion of the slab at both side of the beam serves as flange of T beam. The beam ‘below the slab serves as the web member and is sometimes called stem. T-Beam Page 12 of 1542.6 COLUMN Introduction: Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is an structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below, In other word column is a compression member. Columns support primarily axial load but usually also some bending moments. The combination of axial load and bending moment defines the characteristic of column and calculation method. For the purpose of wind or earth quake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. The ACI Code assumes a minimal bending moment in its design procedure, although the column is subjected to compression force only. Compression force may cause lateral bursting because of the low-tension stress resistance. To resist shear, ties or spirals are used as column reinforcement to confine vertical bars. The complexity and many variables make hand calculations tedious which makes the computer-aided design very useful. Other compression members are often termed “columns” because of the similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative element not needed for structural purposes; many columns are "engaged with", that is to say form part of a wall Types of Column: ‘Column may be divided into two broad categories: 1 Short column — fail by crushing of concrete, lateral bucking need not to be considered. 2.Long / Slender column — fail by lateral bucking There are some other types of column according to reinforcement used: 1 Member reinforced with longitudinal bars and lateral ties. 2.Member reinforced with longitudinal bars and continuous spirals. 3.Composite compression member reinforced with structural steel. According to loading condition column can be classified into following categories Page 13 of 154[The column with small eccentricity, (also called axially loaded column) 2.Thhe column with large eccentricity (also called eccentric column ) 3.Biaxial bending column, ‘Where this eccentricity is ust defined by location: + Interior columns usually have small eccentri + Exterior columns usually have large eccentricity * Commer column usually has biaxial eccentricity. But eccentricity is not always decided by location of columns. Even interior columns can be subjected by biaxial bending moment under some load conditions. 2.7 Foundation & Footing Foundation is one of the most important pars of the structure. Foundation is defined as that part of the structure that transfers the load from the structure as well as its own weight over a large area of soil in such a way that the load does not exceed the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil and the settlement of the total structure remains within a tolerable limit. Foundation is the part of a structure on which the building stands. The solid ground on which the foundation rests is called the foundation bed. Why a Foundation is Provid Foundation should fulfill the following objectives: Distribute the weight of the structure over a large area of soil. + Avoid unequal settlement. + Prevent the lateral movement of the structure. + Increase structural stability. Why There are Differet ion: ‘As we know that there are different types of soil and bearing capacity of the sol is different for each individual type of soil. So depending on the soil profile, size and load of the structure, engineers chose different types of foundation, ‘Types of Foundation: In_general, all foundations are divided into two categories, such as SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS and DEEP FOUNDATIONS. The terms Shallow Foundation and Deep Page 14 of 154Foundation refer to the depth of the soil at which the foundation is placed, Generally, if the width of the foundation is greater than the depth of the foundation it is labeled as “Shallow Foundation” and if the width of the foundation is smaller than the depth of the foundation it is called as “Deep Foundation.” Main aspects of different types of foundation along with theit images are given below. As economic feasibility is one of the main factors in foundation type selection, itis also discussed briefly with each type of foundation. Shallow Foundations Several types of shallow foundations are discussed below: L Isolated Spread Footing This is the most common and simplest type of foundation as ths isthe most economical type of foundation. They are generally used for ordinary buildings (Generally upto five stores). Figure: Isolated Footing Isolated footing type foundation consists of footing at the base of the column. This type of foundations is independent footings. Usually, each column has its own footing. The footing Page 15 of 154directly transfers the loads form the column to the soil. The footings may be rectangular, square or circular in shape. The size ofthe footing can be roughly calculated by dividing the total load at the column base by the allowable bearing capacity ofthe soil. 1 Isolated Spread Footing is economical when: 2.The load of the structure is relatively low. 3.Columns are not closely placed. 4 Bearing capacity of the sol is high at a shallow depth. 2. Wall Footing or Strip footing This type of footing is used to distribute loads of structural load-bearing walls to the ground. Wall foundation runs along the direction of the wall. The width of the wall foundation is generally 2-3 times of the width of the wall, masonty or concrete wall reinforced concrete strip footing Figure: Wall Footing or Strip footing ‘The wall footing is a continuous slab strip along the length of the wall. Stone, brick, reinforced concrete etc. is used for the construction of wall foundations. Wall footing is economical when: 1 Loads to be transmitted are of small magnitude. Page 16 of 1542.The footing is placed on dense sand and gravels. 4 Combined Footing The combined footing is very similar to the isolated footing. When the columns of the structure are closely placed, or the bearing capacity of the soil is low and their footing overlap each other, combined footing is provided. The foundations which are made common to more than one column are called combined footings. They may be rectangular, tee-shaped or trapezoidal in shape. The main objective is the uniform distribution of loads under the entire area of footing, For this is necessary to coincide the center of gravity of the footing area with the center of gravity of the total loads. Combined foundations are economic when: 1 The columns are placed close to each other. 2.When the column is close to the property line and the isolated footing would cross the property line or become eccentric. 3.Dimensions of one side of the footing are restricted to some lower value. 4, Cantilever or Strap Footing Strap footings are similar to combined footings and reasons for considering or choosing strap footing is similar to the combined footing. In strap footing, the footings under the columns are built individually and connected by strap beam. Generally, when the edge of the footing cannot be extended beyond the property line the exterior footing is connected by strap beam with interior footing, Figure: Cantilever or Strap Footing 5, Ki ion Raft or Mat foundations are used where other shallow foundation or pile foundation is not suitable. Iti also recommended in situations where the bearing capacity of the soil is poor, the Page 17 of 154load of the structure is to be distributed over a large area or structure is constantly subjected to shocks or jerks. Raft foundation consists of a reinforced concrete slab or T-beam slab placed over the entire area of the structure. In this type of foundation, the entire basement floor slab acts as the foundation, The total load of the structure is spread evenly over the entire area of the structure. ae “ called Raft because in this case, the building seems like a vessel which floats on a sea of soi Figure: Raft or Mat foundations Raft foundations are economic when: The soil is weak and the load has to be spread over a large area. ‘The structure includes a basement. Columns are closely placed. Other kinds of foundations are not feasible. Differential settlement is to be prevented. Deep Foundations Several Types of Deep Foundations Are Discussed Below: 1 Pile Foundation Pile foundation is a common type of deep foundation. They are used to reduce cost and when as per soil condition considerations, itis desirable to transmit loads to soil strata which are beyond the reach of shallow foundations. Page 18 of 154Pile isa slender member with a small cross-sectional area compared to its length. It is used to transmit foundation loads to a deeper soil or rock strata when the bearing capacity of soil near the surface Is relatively low. Pile transmits load either by skin friction or bearing. Piles are also used for resist structures against uplift and provide structures stability against lateral and overturning forces. Pile foundations are economic using pile foundation when: 1Soil with great bearing capacity is at a greater depth. 2.When there are chances of construction of irrigation canals in the nearby area. 3.When itis very expensive to provide raft or grllage foundations, 4.When the foundation is subjected to a heavy concentrated load. 3. Pier Foundation Pier is an underground structure that transmits heavier load which cannot be transmitted by shallow foundations. It is usually shallower than pile foundations, Pile cap —— Pes Figure: Pier Foundation Pier foundation is a cylindrical structural member which transfer heavy load from superstructure to the soil by end bearing. Unlike pile it can only transfer load by bearing and by not skin friction. Pier Foundation is economic when: + Sound rock strata lie under a decomposed rock layer at the top. + The topsoil is stiff clay which resists driving the bearing pile. + When a heavy load isto be transferred tothe soil 4, Caisson Foundation Page 19 of 154Caisson foundation isa watertight retaining structure used as a bridge pier, construction of dam ete. It is generally used in structures which requires foundation beneath a river or similar water bodies. Reason for choosing caisson foundation is that it can be floated to the desired location and then sunk into place Figure: Caisson Foundation Caisson foundation is a ready-made hollow cylinder depressed into the soil up to the desired level and then filled with concrete which ultimately converts to a foundation. It is mostly used as bridge piers. Caissons are sensitive to construction procedures and lack construction expertise There are several types of caisson foundation such as: Box Caissons Floating Caissons Pneumatic Caissons Open Caissons Sheeted Caissons Excavated Caissons Sweene ‘Caisson foundations are economic when: Pile cap requirement is to be minimized Noise and vibration needed to be reduced Foundation has to be placed beneath water bodies. Highly lateral and axial loading capacity is required. Page 20.of 1542.8 STAIR CASE Introduction; It isa structure having series of steps and affords the means of ascent and descent between the Aoors or landing. the eneloser of room in which stair is located is known as staircase.the opening ‘or space occupied by the stair is known as stairway.A stair consists of treads,riser and balusters and so many other connected elements.Stair may be made from timber,stone,brick,steel plain cement concrete or reinforced cement concrete (RCC). Theres are provided in a convenient place of the building,so that it can be easily approachable from every comer of the building.In case of public building stairs are provided near the entrance hall and in case of residential buildings,these are provided centrally, ‘Types of stairs: The following are the different types of stairs generally used in public and residential buildings 1 Straight fight stairs, 2.Dog legged stairs. 3.Open newel stairs. 4.Quarter turn stairs. 5.Bifurcated stairs. 6.Geometrical stairs. ‘7 Spiral stairs. Page 21 of 154Straight Might stairs: tis the simplest type of stairs, and consists of one or in some cases two flights running in one direction only, These stairs are used, when the space available is narrow and long. Itisa very common and popular type of stairs and is used in public as well as residential buildings. It consists of two flights running in opposite directions, separated by a half space landing or a quarter space landing and a set of winders. The dog-legged stair isso called because the bent ofthe stairs is similar to the dog’s leg. When the space available is equal to twice the width ofthe stairs, dog legged stair is used. Page 22 of 154Itis similar to the dog legged, stair except that in this case the two flights are separated by an ‘open well. The open newel stair is a convenient type of stair and is generally used in public buildings. The width of the open well depends upon the space available but the varies from 60 ‘em to 120 em. The two flights ate either separated by a half space lending’ or two quarter space landings with a set of steps as shown in Fig. 6°5, The ‘open well between the two flights can be used for fixing a ‘Lift’, Th rrr BANANA Laake =I ULILLLLLLL Quarter turn stairs: In this type of stair, the two flights run at right angles to each other and are separated by a quarter space larding. the stirs are generally provided when wall support is on one side only, or when in a huge appartment such as an entrance hall, stars are to be provided. Page 23 of 154Fig 06, Quarter tan tara Quarter turn stairs. Bifurcated stairs: ‘These stairs are commonly used in public buildings. In this type of stairs, the bottom flight is wider and is bifurcated into two narrower flights at the landing. The bifurcated stairs may be of two types, viz. Quarter urn and half turn. In the quarter turn type, the upper the lower flights run at right angle whereas in the half tur bifurcated stairs, the sets of flights go in ‘opposite directions as in a quarter tum stair and dog-legged stair respectively. fia Fi 67) Brats etn. Bifurcated stairs Fr Fa 6, (ot Netretd sta. Nonbifircated stairs Page 24 of 154nuveno aan Isometric view of bifercated stairs Geometrical stairs: ‘The geometrical stairs are generally used in high class residential buildings. The stair is inthe form of some curve, having all the steps as winders, radiating from the-centre of curvature of the curve. The hand rail of a geometrical stair, continues without interruption and without any angular tum-Considerable skill is required for fie designing and construction of a geometrical stair, The minimum width of this stair has been, fixed at 1.75 m, ‘These stairs are generally constructed either of cast iron or R.C.C. The steps which are all winders, radiate from a central vertical shaft and are attached to it. The steps are generally pre-cast and are fitted to the central pillar. These stairs are used on the back-side of a building for emergency use as well as in those places where the space is limited. Page 25 of 15417O.CM OA aye PLAN Fig. 6.10, Spiral stairs. sola sais Page 26 of 154Chapter-3 Methodology Types Of Loads 3-1 Introduction: Structural loads or actions are forces, deformations, or accelerations applied to a structure or its components. Loads cause stresses, deformations, and displacements in structures. Assessment of their effects is carried out by the methods of structural analysis Excess load or overloading may cause structural failure, and hence such possibility should be cither considered in the design or strictly controlled. Mechanical structures, such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, space stations, ships and submarines, have their own particular structural Toads and actions. Engineers often evaluate structural loads based upon published regulations, contracts, or specifications. Accepted technical standards are used for acceptance testing and inspection. The loads are broadly classified as vertical loads, horizontal loads and longitudinal loads. The vertical loads consist of dead load, live load and impact load. The horizontal loads comprises of wind load and earthquake load. The longitudinal loads i.e. tractive and braking forces are considered in special case of design of bridges, gantry girders eto. Page 27 of 1543-2 Types of Lond: Dead loads are static forces that are relatively constant for an extended time, They can be in tension or compression. The term can refer to a laboratory test method or to the normal usage of a material or structure, Live loads are usually unstable or moving loads, These dynamic loads may involve considerations such as impact, momentum, vibration, slosh dynamics of fluids, etc. An impact load is one whose time of application on a material is less than one-third of the natural period of vibration of that material, Cyclic loads on a structure can lead to fatigue damage, cumulative damage, or failure. ‘These loads can be repeated loadings on a structure or can be due to vibration. 3-3 Loads on architectural and civil engineering structure: Building codes require that structures be designed and built to safely resist all actions that they are likely to face during their service life, while remaining fit for use. Minimum loads or actions are specified in these building codes for types of structures, geographic locations, usage and materials of construction. Structural loads are split into categories by their originating cause. In terms of the actual load on a structure, there is no difference between dead or live loading, but the split occurs for use in safety calculations or ease of analysis on complex models, Page 28 of 154To meet the requirement that design strength be higher than maximum loads, building codes preseribe that, for structural design, loads are increased by load factors, These load factors are, roughly, a ratio of the theoretical design strength to the maximum load expected in service They are developed to help achieve the desired level of reliability of a structure based on probabilistic studies that take into account the lond's originating cause, recurrence, distribution, and static or dynamic nature. 3-4 Imposed Loads: Imposed load is produced by the intended use or occupancy of building including the weight of movable partitions distributed and concentrated loads, load due to impact and vibration and dust load, imposed do not include due to wind, seismic activity, snow, and loads imposed due to temperature changes to which the structure will be subjected to creep and shrinkage of the structure, the differential settlements to which the structure may undergo. Loads, sometimes also referred to as probabilistic loads, include all the forees that are variable within the object's normal operation cycle not including construction or environmental loads. Roof and floor live loads are produced during maintenance by workers, equipment and materials, and during the life of the structure by movable objects, such as planters and people. Bridge live loads are produced by vehicles traveling over the deck of the bridge. 3-5 Dead Loads: Dead loads are permanent or stationary loads which are transferred to structure throughout the life span, Dead load is primarily due to self weight of structural members, permanent partition walls, fixed permanent equipments and weight of different materials. The dead load includes loads that are relatively constant over time, including the eight of the structure itself, and immovable fixtures such as walls, plasterboard or carpet. The roof is also a dead load. Dead loads are also known as permanent or static loads. 3-6 Live Loads: Live loads are either movable or moving loads with out any acceleration or impact. There are assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy of the building including weights of movable partitions or furniture ete. The floor slabs have to be designed to cary either uniformly distributed loads or concentrated loads whichever produce greater stresses in the part under consideration. Since it is unlikely that any one particular time all Page 29 of 154floors will not be simultaneously carrying maximum loading, the code permits some reduction in imposed loads in designing columns, load bearing walls, piers supports and foundations, Live loads include any temporary or transient forces that act on a building or structural element Typically, they include people, furniture, vehicles, and almost everything else that can be moved throughout a building, 3-7 Other Loads: Engineers must also be aware of other actions that may affect a structure, such as: 1 Foundation settlement or displacement 2Fire 3.Corrosion 4.Explosion 5.Creep or shrinkage 6.1mpact from vehicles or machinery vibration 7.Construction loads 3-8 Load Combinations: A load combination results when more than one load type acts on the structure. Building codes usually specify a variety of load combinations together with load factors (weightings) for each load type in order to ensure the safety of the structure under different maximum expected loading scenarios, For example, in designing a staircase, a dead load factor may be 1.2 times the weight ofthe structure, and a live load factor may be 1.6 times the maximum expected live load. These two “factored loads" are combined (added) to determine the "required strength” of the staircase. The reason for the disparity between factors for dead load and live load, and thus the reason the loads are initially categorized as dead or live is because while it is not unreasonable to expect a large number of people ascending the staircase at once, itis less likely that the structure will experience much change in its permanent load, Page 30 of 1543-9 Load on supporting beams: ‘The loads on supporting beam s for two way panels may be assumed as the load wit tributary areas of the panel hounded by the intersections of (45)° lines from the comer with the median of the panel parallel to the long side. The bending moments may be determined approximately by using an equivalent uniform load per unit length of the beam, 3-10 Importance of Hand Calculations: ‘The students have been asked to perform hand calculations. Computer analysis and design programs offer great benefits to the design engineer. However, the computer programs can be easily misused without proper precautions in analysis and design procedures. If the design of any structure is based on the results obtained from erroneous computer analysis, it can lead to structural failures, costly disputes and poor performing structures. Performing the following procedures can eliminate many of the errors. 1. Model the structure as closely to the real structure as possible, 2. Recognize the important structural reactions 3. Check the input and understand the material behavior and boundary conditions 4. Perform simple equilibrium and compatibility checks using hand calculations, 5. Know and understand the limitations of the software. Page 31 of 154Architectural Plan Drawinga Materials Properties Concrete strength f '¢~2500 psi Steel yield strength f=60000 psi Bearing capacity of soil =3000 psi Page 32 of 154Formulas for WSD method n=8 fs_0.4*60000 fe 0.45+2500 matt ee ke mtr aia 0.273 yk, 0.273 I1-=1-272-0,909 =21.33 Steel yield strength fs=0.40fy Concrete strength fo=0.45P'e _Perimeter For two way slab Minimun Thickness nee 7 . int For cantliever stab thicknes 22" neh Total weight W= Live load+ Dead load For two way slab working moment M.= C*W*la? e For cantiliever slab working moment= ~~ 2M. For depth Check, d = 2 Steel area calculation As= ——— i fa Distribution steel area As= 0.0018*b*h For beam design working moment= M For depth check of beam=bd? = 2 Page 33 of 154ion As= Steel area calculation As fea For column total load= P For column Load P = 0.85 * Ag * (0.25 *f'c + fs * pg) For column Load Contribution of Concrete: Pc=0.25*Ag*fC* 0.85, For column Load Carried by Steal Ps =6*29930-95625 For column Main reinforcement area As =o 6. Dead toad tive toad n Area = Dead leadttive tone, For column squre footing = Area Soll bearing capacity Total Load Develop soil Preasure = area For width beam sear, Develop sear= Vicy Allowable sear =Vay = 1.1 /f'C For punching sare Develop sear= Vie Allowable sear =Vai = 2. FC Footing working moment= je i Steel area calculation As= Joga yr stait Page 34 of 1541.Weight of Wais slab (W,)= 12.5¢h* 2. Weight of Steps (W,)=6.25*R Floor Finish=2. 3.Floor Finish==* 140 Total Dead Load (DL) Total Live Load (LL) Total Load (w) = DL+LL 2 Moment (M) == Depth Check: Area of Steel: _" As fsejed Distribution Steel= 0.0018*b*h Formulas for USD method Steel yield strength ,fy Concrete strength ,f'c ae. 5 _Perimeter For two way slab Minimun Thickness os scenes —2Panin inch For cantiliever slab thicknes 22" °° Total weight W= 1.6Live load+ 1.2Dead load Page 35 of 154For two way slab working moment M,= C*W*la? For cantilever slab working moment= For depth Check, d= |——_“___ 7 oepsfyn(t in) Steel area calculation a = 2.35As u ye(a-) Distribution stecl area As=0.0018*b*h For beam design working moment=M 2234706012) For depth check of beam= d =( ye Steel area calculation As= => .2DL+1.6LL For column total loat For column Load P= +k Ag+ (0.85 +f'c + pg(fs — 0.85 « fc) For column Load Contribution of Concrete: P= p +k * Ag * (0.85 * fc + pa(fs — 0.85 * f'c)) For column Load Carried by Steal Ps For column Main reinforcement area As= pg * Ag Page 36 of 154For column squre footing = Area = Lead loadtlive toad Soll bearing capacity Total load= 1.2 DL+1.6LL, Total Load Develop soil Preasure = area For width beam sear, Develop sear= Veev Allowable sear =Van = 1.1 fC For ing si Develop sear= View Allowable sear =Van = 2. f'C Footing working moment= = Steel area calculation a = 2.35As M AS: aD For stair case ; 1,Weight of Wais slab (W,)= 12.5*h* 2. Weight of Steps (W2)=6.25*R 3.Floor Finish==*140 Total Dead Load (DL) Total Live Load (LL) Total Load (w) = 1.2DL+1.6LL Page 37 of 154Moment (M) = Ultimate moment Mu = @* Mn Depth Check d Area of Steel: a=2.35As M AS *oneD Distribution Steel= 0.0018*b*h Page 38 of 154Front Elevation Page 39 of 154Dining 16'-5"X8'-7" || 16'-5"X8'-7" V-3(2 X12) Tees one Drawing Drawing 12'-3"X10' =|) 42"-3"X 410! ms} \ 7 Vea(12-3°X2') — Vv-4(12-3°x2) Typical Floor Plan Page 40 of 154Ls no os retey Aiet] tes SS}t= 15'-14" —#— 151-11" —} a a a Beam LayoutParticula Beam Loading Chart of Beam i Effective | Load from Total DL [TotalLL [Dead [Total | Total Live . o ia Slablpst) ‘on Beam | on Beam | Loadof | Dead | Load : from | from | Beam | Load —_ (pif) Slab Slab (olf) {plf) Dead | ive load | Loa d 8 |S 18.7572“ /az7 [es [sei [288 [fais i396 | 288 sm [842 [42 [any [es [esa [314 [ais [iaaa ‘| 314 se lis [sa aay [es [528 [262 [eis | i303 __| 262 8: |S [1667/1685 [127 [es [i280 [eas [eis [2085 | 635 fs | 667/168 [127 [63 [1280 [eas [eis [2095 | 6a, 8: [Se [3667] 120 [az7 [es fois [454 fais —|a730.—«[ asa sea 1667] 120 [aa7— [es fois [454 fais (1730 —*| asa m2 8. [se [a233/e2— /a27_— [es [eas fais [eis | 1660 | 419, ma se [e67 [57 |az7__ [es [eas [ais [eis | 1650 | 415 2 se [233/82 [a7 [es [eas fais [eis | 1660 ‘| 419, 23 8 [Se [aa2 /36 [aa7 [es [sas [270 «(wis —‘fasse [270 sea lis [ee [ia7 [6s [eso | ai7 [ais | 1055 | a7 m2 Bs [Se fa2as/e1 —fa27 [es [asa [ais [eis | aeas | ais mt se lae7 [26 [127 [63 [380 [iso [eis (i105 | 109 2 se [i2a3[e1 — [127—«fes [aaa fais [eis | 169 [aia n3 8, {S |1575|60 [aay [es [485 [240 {eis | i209 | 240 ma Page 43 of 154i 41'-7" oe: - 11'-7" + Column Layout Plan Page 44 of 154Loadin; hart of Column Particular | Effective | Loadtrom | Total | TotallL | Beam | Dead | Total | Total | Total Area | slabipsf) | OL from | Length | Loadof | Dead | Dead | tive (fe) Dead | Live | from | Slab (ft) Beam | Loadof | Load | Load Load | Load | slab (ib) (pif) Beam | (Ib) (Ib) (Ib) (tb) GQ n 127: | 65 9144 4680 7 815 13855 | 23000 | 4680 Q 102 127: | 65 12954 | 6630 19 815 15485 | 28439 | 6630 G 11s 127 :-| 65 14605 | 7475 20 815 16300 | 30905 | 7475 G 92 127 | 65 11684 | 5980 20 815 16300 | 27984 | 5980 G 183 127 | 65 23241 =| 11895 | 27 815 22005 | 45246 | 11895 G 171 127 | 65 21717: [11115 | 27 815 22005 | 43722 | 11115 G 121 127 | 85 15367 | 10285 | 23 815 18745 | 34112 | 10285 G 112 127 | 85 14224 | 9520 21 815 17115 | 31339 | 9520 Page 45 of 154& ®6©0 © o- fe} Hap} 9 @+t+s f: | (FO oi F23 Op} P | Oi & 8 Ff Footing Layout Plan Page 46 of 154CHAPTER-4; RESULT & DISCUSSION The deviation of steel amounts in Slab,Beam,Column,Footing & Stair Case using WSD & USD are 20%,15.38%,13.16%,16.37% & 16.67% respectively. The details deviation of steel amount are shown in Table-Variation of Main Reinforcement Table-Variation of Main Reinforcement ‘Components ‘Average Value of Main Percent of Variation= Reinforcement (in?) WSsD — USD as 1100 wsD USD ‘TwoWay Slab 0.15 0.12 20% Cantiliever 0.12 0.10 16.67% Slab Beam 13 1.10 15.38% (Support section) Beam 0.95 0.83 12.63% (Mid section) Column 5.09 4.42 13.16% Footing 8.49 7.10 16.37% Stair Case 0.66 0.55 16.67%CHAPTER-5: CONCLUSION The average amount of reinforcement in WSD & USD method of different parts of building i.e, Twoway slab,Cantiliever slab, Beam (support section), Beam (Mid section), Column, Footing & Staircase are 0.15, 0.12, 1.3, 0.95, 5.09, 8.49, 0.66 & 0.12, 0.10, 1.10, 0.83, 4.42, 7.10, 0.55 respectively. And the deviation of steel amounts in Twoway slab,Cantiliever slab, Beam (support section), Beam (Mid section), Column, Footing & Stair Case using WSD & USD are 20%, 16.67%, 15.38%, 12.63%, 13.16%, 16.37% & 16.67% respectively. From this it is shown that WSD method required more reinforcement.So USD is more economical.REFERANCES 1, Design Of Concrete Structures By Winter-Urqutrat ‘O’ Rourke-Nilson (Seventh Edition). 2. Design Of Concrete Structures By David Darwin, Charles W. Dolan & Arthur H. Nilson (Fifteenth Edition). 3. Design Of Reinforced Concrete By Jack C. Mc Cormac & Russell H. Brown (Ninth Edition). 4, Reinforced Concrete Manual & Building Plan By Khan & Rahman (2"4 Enlarged Edition).APPENDIX : DESIGN DETAILS SLAB DESIGN DESIGN OF SLABS ACCORDING TO USD METHOD: Span 1: Design For Large Slab $1: Short Span La = 13” Long Span Ly =15.33° m=0.85 C.=0.072 Cy=0.021 Minimun Thickness = 20(13415.33)012 180 =3.8" =5” Load Calculation: (1) Self weight = "150 =63 psf 2) Floor finish = =*140=24 psf (3) Celling Plaster = 10 =10 psf (4) Moving wall/ partition Wall = 30 = 30 psf Total Dead Load = 127 psf Live Load = 42 psf Total Load = 1.2*Dead Load +1.6*Live Load = 1.2*127+1.6*42 =221 Page 50 of 154Moment Calculation ; Short Direction: Negative Moment at Continious End : Ma (-ve) = C,*W* la? =0.072#220*13%*12 =32124 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span : For DL ; Moi (+ve)=C.*Woy*la® =0.028*1.2#127*137*12 =8654 Ib-in For LL ; Mu(+ve) = Ca* Wut la? =0.039°1.6*42*132#12 =5315 Ib-in Total Positive Moment At mid span =8654+5315 =13969 Ib-in ‘Negative Moment at discontinious End : M, (-ve) = 2*Total positive moment 3+ 13969 =4656 Ib-in Long Direction : Negative Moment at Continious End: Mg (-ve) = Cy* Web? =0.021*220°(15.33)**12 =13029 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span : For DL ; Moot) (+ve)=Co*WoitIb? =0.013* 1.2*127*(15.33)*12 =5587 Ib-in Page 51 of 154For LL ; Mocuux(+ve) = Cy* Wi" Ib? =0.020°1,6%42*(15.33)*12 =3790 Ib-in Total Positive Moment At mid span =5587+3790 =9377 Ib-in Negative Moment at Continious End: Mo (-ve) = Cy* Web? =0.021*2209(15.337*12 =13029 Ib-in Depth Cheek: hort Direction : = M a sae 0.90+0016+60000+12+(1-059+0.010-) .9” [OK] Long Direction : d= ae | espe fyeb(1-OS9p 72) : TOT sooo oievao000-42+(1-aS9-0018 SE) =1.2” [Ok] teel Area Calculation : a=2.35*AS short Direction: es =, M Continious Edge AS rae 32124 °0.90+60000%(4—==) Page 52 of 1540.2 in? Use #3 @ 10” ele At Mid Span As= SE Use #3 @ 10” c/e fon " iscontnios Edge A= 4656 “Cse-coo0an (4 EB =0.02 in? Use #3 @ 10” cle Long Direction: : " Continous Edge As= aa #3 @ 10" cle i Mu ‘AtMid Span As= "a, Use “ Contnious Edge As= "os 13029 Page 53 of 154Distribution Steel: As=0.0018*b*h =0,0018*12*5 0.11 Use #3 @ 10” cle Span 2: Design For Slab S: Short Span Ly = 8°-5” Long Span Ly =16"-8” m=0.85 Minimun Thickness —" 180 2(0.42416.67)+12 180 33" 2s” Load Calculation: (1) Self weight = Q) Floor finish = 2+140=24 psf (3) Celling Plaster = 10 =10 psf (4) Moving wall/ partition Wall = 30 = 30 psf Total Dead Load = 127 psf Live Load = 42 psf Total Load = 1.2*Dead Load +1.6*Live Load = 1.29127+1.6%42 Page 54 of 154=221 Moment Calculation : Short Direction: Negative Moment at Continious End : Ma (-ve) = Cat W"la? =0.086*220°8.42%*12 =16096 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span : For DL ; Mot (+ve)=Cs*Woy*la? =0.037*1.2*12748.422412 =4797 Ib-in For LL ; Mu(+ve) = C.*Wu*la? =0.066"1.6*42*8.427#12 =3773 Ib-in Total Positive Moment At mid span =479743773 =8570 Ib-in Negative Moment at Continious End : Ma (-ve) = Ca* W' la? =0.086*220*8.427#12 =16096 Ib-in Long Direction : Negative Moment at Continious End: Mo (-ve) = Co*W' Ib? =0.006*220*(16.67)°*12 =4402 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span : For DL ; Mio) (+ve)=Co* Wor* Ib? =0,002*1,2#127*(16.67*12 Page 55 of 154=1016 tb-in For LL ; Moasy(+ve) = Cy* Wat Ib? =0.004*1.6*42*(16.67)°*12 =896 Ib-in Total Positive Moment At mid span =1016+896 =1912 Ib-in ‘Negative Moment at Continious End: My (-ve) = Cy* W* Ib? =0,006*220*(16.67)** 12 =4402 Ib-in Depth Check: Short Direction : M lerpefyrb(1- 0599) _ Tease Re 0:90+0.016~60000+126(1-059+0018-) =1.4” [OK] Long Direction: d= a eopety-o.-059 _ FOF © \[0:90+0.018+60000+12+(1-0.59-0.010-=) =0.7" [Ok] Steel Area Calculation : a=235*As Short Direction: Continous Bdge AS am 16096 Pa 10.90+60000¢(4—=2= Page 56 of 154=0.08 in? Jse #3 @ 10” cle At Mid Span As= — ya 10” Long Direction: Conn 4 tinious Edge As= ane 402 0.90-60000%(4— Tae 2 =0.02 in? Use #3 @ 10” c/e : __ At Mid Span As= as #3 Continious Bdge As= oe Page 57 of 154Use#3.@ 10" oe As= 0,0018*b*h =0.0018*12*5 0.11 Use #3 @ 10” cle Span 3: Design For Large Slab $3: Short Span La = 13" Long Span Ly =16"-8” m=0.78 C.=0.067 C=0.025 Minimun Thickness == 2o(a341 1 =3.96" Load Calculation: =# 150 =63 psf 2140-24 psf (I) Self weight (2) Floor finish (3) Celling Plast =10 psf (4) Moving wall/ partition Wall = 30 = 30 psf Total Dead Load = 127 psf Live Load = 42 psf Total Load = 1.2*Dead Load +1.6*Live Load Page 58 of 154= 1.2*127+1.6*42 =221 Moment Calculation : short Direction: Negative Moment at Continious End : Ma (-ve) = C,*W* la? =0.067*221*137*12 =30030 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span : For DL ; Mp1 (+ve)=C,*Woy*la? =0.027*153#137*12 =8380 Ib-in For LL ; Mix(+ve) = Ca*Watla? =0.043*68*132#12 =5930 Ib-in Total Positive Moment At mid span =8380+5930 =14310 Ib-in Negative Moment at Continious End : Ma (-ve) = Ca* W# la? =0.067*221*137*12 =30030 Ib-in Long Direction : ‘Negative Moment at Continious End: Mb (-ve) = Cs*W#lb® =0,025"221*(167-8")°*12 =18424 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span : For DL ; Mp1) (+ve)=Co* Wor" Ib? Page 59 of 154=0.010"153*(167-8' =5100 Ib-in For LL ; Moaty(+ve) = Cy* Wy" Ib? =0.016%68*(16"-8")*12 =3630 Ib-in Total Positive Moment At mid span =5100+3630 =8730 Ib-in Negative Moment at Continious End: Mp (-ve) = Cy* W"lb? =0.025+2214(16"-8")#12 =18424 Ib-in Depth Check: M de ompefyb(A- 0599) 5 O03 0.90-0,016-60000+124(1-059-0 0185S) =1.9” [OK] Long Direction : d= = orp y-b(t-059p) Te i '0,90+0.018+60000+12+(1-0.590.018" 3559) =1.50” [Ok] Steel Area Calculation : a=2.35*AS Short Direction: Continious Edge Ase 30030 ee 19,90-60000+(4—-===) Page 60 of 154=0.15 in? Ise #3 @ 9” cle At Mid Span As= — 14310 Use #3 @ 18” c/e Continious Edge As= ——“ ious Rage Asm Ae 18420 #3 2 . ” At Mid Span As= <5 8730 0.90+600000(4—225-%2) =0.041 in? #3 @I1 - ” Continious Edge As= a 10020 090-60000+(4- 2H =0.09 in? Page 61 of 154Use#3 @ 14” ole Distribution Steel: As= 0.0018*b*h =0.0018*12*5 0.11 USD] TwoWay Slab | | os 83 (Short Direction] (Long Direction Fig-Reinforcement Detailing of Two Slabs Page 62 of 154DESIGN OF SLABS. RDING TY D Span 1: Design For Large Slal Short Span La = 13° Long Span Ly =15'-4” m-0.85 =3.8" = Load Calculation: (1) Self weight = +150 =63 psf (2) Floor finish = 2*140=24 psf (3) Celling Plaster = 10=10 pst (4) Moving wall/ partition Wall = 30 = 30 psf IE Total Dead Load = 127 psf Live Load = 42 psf Total Load = 169 psf Moment Calculation : sho! irection: ‘Negative Moment at Continious End : =C.*W'la? =0.072"169*137*12 =24677 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span : Page 63 of 154For DL ; Mot (+ve)=C,*Wov*la? =0.028"127*13*12 =7212 Ib-in iu(+ve) = Ca* Wat la? =0.039%42"137*12 =3322 Ib-in For LL ; Total Positive Moment At mid span =7212+3322 10534 Ib-in ‘Negative Moment at Continious End : Ma (-ve) = Ca*W41 =0.072*169*137*12 =24677 Ib-in Long Direction Negative Moment at Continious End: Mb (-ve) = Cy* Web? =0,021*169%(15.33)*12 =10009 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span : For DL ; Muy (+ve)=Co*Woi* lb? =0.013*127#(15.33)?*12 =4656 Ib-in For LL ; Mouy(+ve) = Co* Wild? =0.020%424(15.33)#12 =2369 Ib-in Total Positive Moment At mid span =4656+2369 =7025 Ib-in Negative Moment at Continious End: ‘Ms (-ve) = Cx* Wb? =0.021*169*(15.33)"#12 =10009 Ib-in Page 64 of 154Depth Check: 18 Js_0.4%60000 fe 045*2500 1,33 bo ner grass 0273 oy a 0278. Fl 1A 0.909 Short Direction : 2M Feokejob 4 2024677 '045+2500+0273+090912 =3.8" [OK] Long Direction : . [me 4 = Weep . 72-1009, '045+250000273+0.909012 d= =2.4" [OK] Steel Area Calculation : Short Direction: Continious Edge As= Use #3 @ 4” ole ‘AtMid Span As = se * 1406000000.9094 =0.12 in? Use #3 @ 10” cle * u Continious Edge As= rg Page 65 of 154ise #3 @ 4” Long Direction: Continious Edge As Use #3 @ 10” cle H oo At Mid Span As = 4 = 70s, ‘aré0000+0 5054 =0.08 in? #3@ 10" Mu Continious Edge As= == 10009 (04*60000+090504 0.11 in? Use #3 @ 10” cle Distribution Steel: .0018**h =0,0018*12*5 =0.108 ise #3 @ 10” cle Page 66 of 154For Slab $2: Desi Short Span Ly Long Span Ly =16°-8" m-0.50 C.=0.086 C4=0.006 Minimun Thickness =. 180 Load Calculation: 5 (1) Self weight = £#150-63 pst (3) Celling Plaster = 10=10 pst (4) Moving wall/ partition Wall = 30 = 30 psf Total Dead Load = 127 psf Live Load = 42 psf Total Load = 169 psf Moment Calculation : Short Direction: Negative Moment at Continious End ; M4 (-ve) = C*Wla? =0,086*169°8.42°12 =12365 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span : For DL ; Mon. (+ve)=Ca*Wos*la? =0.037*127°8,422#12 =3998 Ib-in Page 67 of 154For LL ; Mu(+ve) = C.*Wi'la? 70.066%42+8.42"*12 =2358 Ib-in Total Positive Moment At mid span =3998+2358, 6356 Ib-in Negative Moment at Continious End : Ma (-ve) = C.* Wa? =0,086"169*8,42""12 =12365 Ibin Long Direction : Negative Moment at Continious End: Ms (-ve) = Cy*W*lb? 0.006" 169%(16.67)"12 =3381 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span : For DL ; Moi (+ve)=Cy* Wort Ib? =0,002*1274(16.67)?#12 =847 Ib-in For LL ; Mociy(+ve) = Cy*Wutlb? =0.00442#(16.67)*12 =560 Ib-in Total Positive Moment At mid span =847+560 =1407 Ib-in Negative Moment at Continious End: Ms (-ve) = CoPWATb? =0,006"169%(16.67)"*12 =3381 Ib-in Depth Check: m8 f2_04¥60000 5 33 fe 05-2500 Page 68 of 154a Mer oyanas 0273 4. 1.227.0.909 hort Direction : - le | ferkejeb : mane \04ba50000273-0 50003 =2.72" [OK] Long Direction : = jew 4 Venere . 23381 }0.45°250000.273+0 905012 =14" [Ok] Steel Area Calculation ; rt Direction: Continious Edge As= pn Eidae Ae rie 12365 ‘0A-60000+050904 =0.14 in? Use #3 @ 9” cle AtMid Span As 6356 20000+09098 =0.07 in? Use #3 @ 10” cle a Mu Continious Edge As= 773 12365, Tasc0000+0905%4 =0.14 in? Use @9" ole Page 69 of 154Long Diree! Continious Edge As=—“_ fsfa = 3301 0.4¥6000080.90504 =0.04 in? Use #3 @ 10” cle Continious Edge As= =" 3301 60000090964 =0.04 in? Distribution Ste As=0,0018*b*h =0,0018%12*5 =0.108 ie #3 @ 10” cle Page 70 of 154Span 3: Design For Slab $3: ‘Short Span Ls =13" Long Span Ly = 16°-8" 0.78 C0067 0.025 ‘Minimun Thickness. (4) Moving wall/ partition Wall = 30 = 30 psf Total Dead Load = 127 psf Live Load = 42 psf Moment Calculatio: Short Direct Negative Moment at Continious End : -ve) = C.*W*la? =0.0674169*13#12 =6955 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span : For DL ; Mot (+ve)-C.t Woitla? =0.027#127#137*12 =6955 Ib-in For LL ; Mu(+ve) = C.*Watla? =0,043442"13"12 Page 71 of 154=3665 Ib-in Total Positive Moment At mid span =6955+3665 =10620 Ib-in Negative Moment at Continous end Ms (-ve) = C.*W'la? =0.067"169*132*12 6955 Ib-in Long Direction : Negative Moment at Continious End: Mb (-ve) = Cy* Web? =0,025*169#(16'-8"*12 =14085 Ib-in Positive Moment at mid span ; For DL ; Mut) (+ve)=Ce*WoitIb? =0.010*127*(16'-8")*12 =4235 Ib-in For LL ; Maqu(+ve) = Co*Wu"lb? =0.016"424(16'-8")#12 =2240 Ib-in Total Positive Moment At mid span =2240+4235 =6475 Ib-in Negative Moment at Continious End: Ms (-ve) = Co* W#b? =0,025+169*(16"-8")'#12 =14085 Ib-in Depth Check: m8 504460000 myeoataee 2133 nt ntr 8+21.33 273 Je11-2272-9,909 Page 72 of 154Forks fob . 2022965 (0.45+2500+0.273+0500013 =3.10 L SD WSD }@10"cle 3@10°clo, $6 1 3@10'cle” -Reinfor tailii iliever Slabs Page 83 of 154BEAM DESIGN SA MMNUESIGN Loading Chart of Beam Particle | Mermtn | Aree | Loadfrom [Total DL | Totall | Dead | Total] Total Live t to fare) LS8bLest) on Beam | on Beam | Loadof |Dead | Load Dead ve | from from Beam | Load (pif load [Loa | slab [slab | (pt) | (nif [| 1575 [72 127/63 [ssi 288 | ais 1396 (| 288 * 8.42 | 42 127 63 | 634 314 815 1449 314 wis [34 [a7 [es | sae 22 *( 815 1343 | 262 & |S" | 16.67] 168 | 127 6s [aze0 [eas | 15/2008 | 635 se |1667/168 127 63 [i280 [eas [eis __/2005 | 635 Bs o 16.67 | 120 27 63 [915 454 815, 1730 454 se |1667]120 [127 Tes [ois [asa | 815 1730 ‘| 454 Bu | See | 12.38 | 82 127 63 | 845 419 815 1660 / 419 se [867 [57 127 63 | 835 415 815 1650 | 415 See | 12.33] 82 127 63 | 845 419 815 1660 | 419 Bs ma 8.42 | 36 127 63 | 543 270 815 1358 270 ral 13 86 127 63 | 840 417 815 1655 417 Be [Se [1233/e1— [az7 fea fea [ais 815 1649 413 Se [ee7 [26 |a27 | 6a [380 189 815 1195 | 189 se [azas[e1 —[127—sf@s [ase [ais [eis | ieaa ‘ais By ‘e 15.75 | 60 127 63 | 485 240 815, 1299 240 DESIGN OF BEAM ACCRODING TO USD METHOD: ForBi: Span(1)- 15,75’ > Depth=20” Width=10" Page 84 of 154Total Load (w) = 1.2 Dead Load (OL)+ 1.6 Live Load{t) =1.2 * 1396+1.6 * 288 =2136 Moment Calculation: Exterior Span M (-ve) = 2 wht 42136 «15.752 33116 lb-ft Mid Span M (+ve) = 42136 + 15.75? =37847 Ib-ft Interior Span M(-ve) = 3 #2136 * 15,75? 752986 lb-ft ‘Span(2) + 8.42’ Total Load = 1.2 * Dead Load (DL}+1.6*Live Load{U.L) =1.2°1449+1.6*314 =2241 ‘Moment Calculation: Exterior Span M (-ve) = é wit ake 2241 «8.42? =14443 lb-ft Mid Span M (+Ve) = $ #2241 + 8.42? =9930 Ib-ft 1 2 yy t2241 8.42’ =14443 Ib-ft Interior Span (M-Ve) Span{3) = 13° Total Load = 1.2*Dead Load (Dl}+1.6*Live Load(LL) =1.2*1343+1.6°262 =2031 Ib Page 85 of 154sxterior Span (M)-ve= + wl? 1 Sy 2031 « 132 #31204 Ib-t Mid Span (M) #ve = #2031, +13? =21452 Ib-t Interior Span (M-Ve) = + «2033 « 132 =31204 Ib-ft 0,the ultimate (-ve) moment = 52986 lb-ft so,The ultimate (+ve) moment =37847 Ib-ft Depth Check: 5 Mu @ “potyooi-ose Where lees erence a M TF pepepyn-0. sop 2M |) gepefy(a-05%peG2) STO 1 o190+0.018+600000(1- 0590018") d=12” ‘Area Of Steel: a=2.35* As “ Aste = aH 52986012 *q90v60000%(12—) 1.09 in? Page 86 of 154M Ase) = yak 37047012 = apobectib= LES (0.90%600000(12~ 225245) =0.75 in? For Bz: Span(1)- 16.67’ > Total Load (w) = 1.2 Dead Load (DL}+ 1.6 Live Load(Ll) =1.2 * 2095+1.6 * 635 =3530 Moment Calculation: Exterior Span M (-ve) = <= wi? 1 = +3530 + 16.67 =61309 lb-ft Mid Span M (+ve) = 3 #3530 * 16.672 =70068 Ib-ft #3530 * 16.672 Interior Span M(-ve] 3 =108994 Ib-ft So,The ultimate (-ve) moment = 108994 Ib-ft So,The ultimate (+ve) moment =70068 lb-ft Depth Check: Pe. M CP rmmmeinicllmwecnorgs ‘pepefyebe(1-059¢peee bt ae af yr(A- 059972) Page 87 of 154£ M 2 oP Ty(i-0.59ep B ee, ae 2M a: mT 2900910+60000%1-98.a a1) d=15" ‘Area Of Steel: 22.35" AS ” Aslael = ae 08994012 For Bs: Soan(1)- 16.67 > Total Load (w) = 1.2 Dead Load (DL}+ 1.6 Live Load(Lt) 21.2 * 1730+1.6 * 454 =2802 ‘Moment Calculation: Page 88 of 154ederior Span M (-ve) = wpe = 2+ 2802 « 16,672 48665 lb-ft Mid Span M (+ve) = <4 42802 + 16,672 =55617 lb-ft Interior Span M(-ve) = 2 +2802 + 16,672 =86516 lb-ft So,The ultimate (-ve) moment = 86516 lb-ft So,The ultimate (+ve) moment Depth Check: =55617 Ib-ft M 2 2M i= ) oO peya-05m9 4 BeaCSTOAT ) t= * | oovo.nie-co000e(1-0.53-0018e =) .90%0.018+60000%(1-0.59°0.018 d=14” Area Of Steel: 252.35" As u As (ve) 2— 4 We) = eS 36516012 “wane ‘:90+60000%(14—==) 1.44 in? i Me) a Page 89 of 154For Ba: ‘Span(}- 12.33" + Total Load (w) = 1.2 Dead Load (D1) 1.6 Live Load{tt) =1.2* 1660+1.6 * 419 =2662 Ib Moment Calculation: 1 ake wit Exterior Span M (-ve) = 4+ 2662 «12.33 =25294 lb-ft Mid Span M (+ve) = ~ +2662 » 12.332 =28907 lb-ft Interior Span M(-ve) = =40470 Ib-ft So,The ultimate (-ve) moment = 40470 Ib-ft So,The ultimate (+ve) moment =28907 Ib-ft Depth Check: e Mu eerenr erect bee Fyea-05 ¢ M Tppeiy 055) Page 90 of 1542M ae"| erorrynC-08m.pday ) ; AUTO 090-018-000. =os5comre T=, ) dei” Area Of Steel: 35° AS u As (ve) = ered 40470012 * ds0re0o00. 11a * p90-600000(11- = 0.62 in? For Bs: Span{1)- 13’ > Total Load (w) = 1.2 Dead Load (DL)+ 1.6 Live Load{LL) 2*1655+1.6* 417 =2653 Moment Calculation: Exterior Span M (-ve) = 1 #13? #7 ¢ 2653+ 13) =28022 lb-ft Page 91 of 154Mid Span M (We) = = «2653 « 132 #32025 Ib-ft Interior Span M(ve) = 242653 « 132 =49817 Ibeft $0,The ultimate (-ve) moment = 32025 lb-ft So,The ultimate (+ve) moment =49817 lb-ft Depth Check: M & ‘@epefyrbs(1-059epeLd, ia ee piv 0ap @ M 2 rpesy(i-05%p ee{ omtr-osmn ) al PaDOTTAT 0.90+0.018+60000+(1-0.59+0.018s ) d=12” Area Of Steel : 352.35" As ™ (ve) = aD 3202se12 Ones, (0,90+60000¢(12-225°%) =0.60 in? M, AS (Me) = as s9a17012 poe ee '0.90+600000(12- 225-4) 1,02 in? Page 92 of 154For Be: soan(t)=12.33" -+ Total Load (Ww) = 1.2 Dead Load (OL) 1.6 Live Lond) =1.2* 1649+1.6 * 413 =2640 Moment Calculation; Exterior Span M (-ve) = © wi? 1 Big? 2640 + 12.33? +=25085 Ib-ft 1 #2640 + 12.33? 7a 22640 « 12.33 Mid Span M (ve) = =28665 Ib-ft Interior Span M(-ve) = 32640 « 12,33? =40136 lb-ft So,The ultimate (-ve) moment = 40136 Ib-ft So,The ultimate (+ve) moment =28668 lb-ft Depth Check: peeeel eee ooririni-oxpr Mu Io pi-0sr é “ T opiyi-o. so) |—__*___) eroriyn(a- 0s prF) Page 93 of 154222.35" AS 0 Ave = aH 40136012 a 0:90%60000¢(11-2= =0.90 in? (eve) = —* as orya-D 20668012 * Specco000e 11 EES, 0.90¢60000+(11- == =0,60 in? Span(1)- 15.75’ > Total Load (w) = 1.2 Dead Load (DL}+ 1.6 Live Load(LL) =1.2 * 1299416 * 240 =1800 Moment Calculatior Exterior Span M (ve) = 4 wi aie 1800 « 15.75" £27907 lb-ft Mid Span M (+ve) = 4 #1800 + 15,75? =37209 Ib-ft Page 94 of 154Interior Span M(-ve) = + +1800 « 15,752 it =40592 Ib-ft $0,The ultimate (-ve) moment = 40592 Ib-ft S0,The ultimate (+ve) moment =37209 Ib-ft penth Check: Mu e bq?=———_M#____ oar ¢. M B P*peTyn(t-0.59pe) : 2M al reece Jerpsfyn(a-0soepe) AOSTA: 5) 0.90+0,018+600000(1~0.59+0.018-0e d=11” Area Of Steel : a=2.35* As Aan ae ore 40590012 (0,90+600000(11-=*) =0.90 in? M As (We) = a 37209612 0.90r60000¢(11- =F) =0.80 in? Page 95 of 154DESIGN OF BEAM ACCR For Bi: ‘$pan{1}-15.75' > Depth=20” Width=10" Total Load (w) = Dead Load (DL)+Live Load{LL) =1396+288 =1684 Moment Calculation: Exterior Span M (-ve) = = wl? = 2+ 1684+ 15.75? =26109 lb-ft Mid Span M(+ve)= +1684 + 15.75? =29839 lb-ft Interior Span M(-ve)= n684+ 15.75? 241774 lb-ft Span(2) > 8.42’ Total Load = Dead Load (DL}+Live Load{Lt) =1449+314 =1763 ent Exterior Span M (-ve)= z wi? 1 hin =i + 1763+ 8.42 #11363 lb-ft Mid Span M(+ve)= #1763 + 8.427 Page 96 of 15427812 lb-ft interior Span M(-ve}= = #1763 + 8.422 11363 Ib-ft soanl3)= 13" otal Load = Dead Load (DL)stive Load(tt) 13434262 =1605 Moment Calculation = Exterior Span (M) -ve= + wi? 1 =h+ 1605 + 13? =24659 Ib-ft Mid Span (M) 4ve= 2 #1605 + 13? =16953 Ib-ft Interior Span M(-ve}= 2 +1605 + 13? =24659 lb-ft So,The ultimate (ve) moment = 41774 lb-ft So,The ultimate (+ve) moment =29839 Ib-ft Depth Check: n=8 1=21.33 k=0.273 j-0.909 +=19* 4 +2072 * 13? +=21885 Ib-ft So,The ultimate (-ve) moment = 38908 Ib-ft So,The ultimate (+ve) moment =25012 Ib-ft Depth Check: tafe be? © feskej Page 102 of 154= Gx0+60000+0.909018 .20 in? ‘Span (1)&(2) =12.33" Total load= 1649+413 =2062 Moment Calculatic Exterior Span M (-ve) = ¢ we = +2062» 12.33? 719593 Ibs Mid Span M (+Ve)= 4 +2062+ 12.33? #22392 lb-ft Interior Span M(-Ve) -> #2062 12.33? =31349 lb-ft ‘So,The ultimate (-ve) moment = 31349 lb-ft Page 103 of 15450,The ultimate (+ve) moment =22399 Ib. 31349012 ‘40+60000+0.909¢18 =0.96 in? As (we) = 2 0 16mm+2o0 13mm ex. Top St 20 16mm +io 10mm Ex. Bottom St —S For Br: Span (1)&(2) =15.75" Total load= 12994240 =1539 Exterior Span M (-ve) = 2 WP oh» 1539 * 15.75? 16 Page 104 of 154=23860 Ib-t Mid Span M (+Ve)= + #1539 15,752 =31814 Ib-t Interior Span M(Ve) - + 1539 « 15.752 =34706 lb-ft $0,The ultimate (-ve) moment = 34706lb-ft $0,The ultimate (+ve) moment =31814 Ib-ft =18” = q0v6000000.909+16 .06 in? As (ve) = _ 31814012 = 940+60000+0.909+18 =0.97 in? © 19mm Top St 2.0 19mm +10 1omm Bottom St. Page 105 of 154‘olumn Design ding Chart of Column [Particular | Effective | Load fi : rom | Total ]Totalit [Beam [Dead | Total | Total | Total sree | Slabips#)_|0L_— | from | tength | toadof | Dead | Oead | Live (fe) [Dead] Live | from ]siab | (ft) | Beam | Loadof | Load | Load load | toad | slab | (Ib) (if) | Beam | (by | (ib) mont an (lb) (lb) a o 127 [6s [ois [4680 | i7 gis | 13855 | 23000 | 4680 G 102 127/65 [12954 | 6630 [19 is | 15485 [28439 | 6630 S oa 427 | 6s [1460s [7475 [20 ais | 16300 [30905 | 7475 Gq 92 127 [65 [11684 [5980 | 20 15 | 16300 | 27984 | 5980 G 183 127 [6s | 23241 [11895 | 27 ais | 22005 | 45246 | 11895 G m7 aay [65 |aivi7 [ants [27 ais [22005 [43722 | 11115 G Tat [aay [es | 18867 | 10285 | 23 eis [1745 | 34112 | 10285 G 112 ta7 [es | 14224 [9520 [21 ais | i7iis [31339 | 9520 Page 106 of 154COLUMN DESIGN ACCRODING TO USD METHO} For Gs Total Load (Lt) = 4680 Ib Dead Load (DL) =23000 Ib Column Self Weight = 150*4244+10=2250 Ib 44 Total DL=25250 Ib Total Load (P) = 1.2 DL+1.6 LL =1,6*4680 + 1.2*25250 = 37788 Ib P=peksAgs(0.85*fc + pg(fs— 0.85 +f) 6°37788 = .7°0.8*Ag*(0.85*2500+0,02(60000-0.85*2500)) ‘Ag= 123 in? Revise Area = 12"*12” PepeksAg+(085+fc + pg(fs—0.85+fc)) 6*37788=0.7*0.8*12"12"(0,85*2500+ pg(60000 — 0.85 + 2500)) pg = 0.02 As= pg * Ag =0.01*12"12 88 in? Page 107 of 154For C2 Total Load (LL) = 6630 Ib Dead Load (DL) =28439 Ib 15018, Column Self-wt = 150°“7*19=2812.5 Ib Total DL= 31251 Total Load (P) = 1.2 DL+1.6 LL =1,6"6630+ 1.2*31251 = 48109 Ib P=pxk« Ag» (0.85+fc + pg(fs— 0.85 + f'c)) 6*48109 = .7*0.8*Ag*(0.85*2500+0.02(60000-0.85*2500)) Ag= 141 in? Revise Area = 12"*12" P=pek+ Ag+ (0.85+fc + pg(fs— 0.85 * f'c)) 6*48109=0.7*0,8*12*12*(0.85*2500+ pg(60000 — 0.85 + 2500)) pg = 0.03, As= pg + Ag =0.03*12*12 =4,32 in? 622mm 20619mm Page 108 of 154or Ca: Total Load (LL) = 7475 Ib Dead Load (DL) =30905 Ib Column Self-wt = 150°--2°+19.23125 Ib Total DL= 34030 Ib Total Load (P)= 1.2 DL +4.6 LL 6° 7475+ 1.2*34030 = 52796 Ib P=o+k» Ag+ (0.85+fc + pg(fs— 0.85 + f'c)) 6*52796 = .7*0.8*Ag*(0.85*2500+0.02(60000-0.85*2500)) Ag=172in? Revise Area = 12”*15” P=peks Ags (0.85+fc + pg(fs — 0.85 + fc) 6*52796=0.7*0.8*12"12*(0.85*2500+ pg(60000 — 0.85 * 2500)) pg = 0.02 As= pg» Ag =0.03*12*15 =3.6 in? @22mm Page 109 of 154Total Load (LL) = 5980 Ib Dead Load (DL) =27984 Ib Column Selt-wt = 150°452%16.315 ip Total DL= 31109 Ib Total Load (P)= 1.2 DL +1.6 LL =1.6*5980+ 1.2*31109 = 46899 Ib P=p+ks Ag+ (0.85 *fc + pg(ts— 0.85 +f)) 6*46899 = .7*0.8*Ag*(0. -85*2500+0.02(60000-0.85*2500)) ‘Ag= 153in? Revise Area = 12"*15” P=pxk+Ag+(0.85+fc + pg(fs— 0.85 + f'c)) (6*46899=0.7*0.8"12°12*(0,85*2500+ pg(60000 — 0.85 » 2500)) pg = 0.02 As=pg* Ag =0.01°12%15, 622mm Page 110 of 154por: Total Load (LL) = 11895 Ib Dead Load (DL) =45246 Ib Column Self-wt = 150*2022219-4167 1p Total DL= 49413 Ib Total Load (P)= 1.2 DL+1.6LL =1.6*11895+ 1.2°49413 = 78328 Ib P=psk+ Ag+ (0.85+fc + pg(fs— 0.85 *fc)) 6*78328 = .7*0.8*Ag*(0.85*250010,02(60000-0.85*2500)) Ag = 256 in? Revise Area = 15"*18" P=p+k+Ag+(0.85«fc + pg(fs— 0.85 *Fc)) 6*78328=0.7*0.8*12*12*(0.85*2500+ pg(60000 — 0.85 + 2500) pg = 0.02 AS= pgs Ag =0.02°15*18 =5.4 in? @ 25mm 20619mm Page 111 of 154Total Load (LL) = 11115 Ib Dead Load (DL) =43722 Ib Column Self-wt = 150*2822* 923750 Ib Total DL= 47472 Ib Total Load (P) = 1.2 DL +1.6 LL =1.6°11115+ 1.2°47472 = 74750 Ib P=p+k+Ag»(0.85+fc + pg(fs—0.85 +f'c)) 6°74751 7*0.8*Ag*(0.85*2500+0.02(60000-0.85*2500)) Ag= 244 in? Revise Area = 15"*15" P=pxk» Ags (0.85 fc + pg(fs— 0.85 +fc)) 6*74750=0.7"0.8"12°12"(0.85°2500+ pg(60000 — 0.85 + 2500)) pg = 0.025 As= pg + Ag =0.02*15%15 +=5.625 in? 6 25mm 2 619mm Page 112 of 154For Cy: Total Load (LL) = 10285 Ib Dead Load (DL) =34112 Ib Column Selfant = 150*25°2261923125 Ib Total DL= 37237 Ib Total Load (P) = 1.2 DL+1.6 LL 1.6" 10285+ 1.2*37237 = 61140 Ib ProxksAg*(0.85+fc + pg(fs— 0.85 +fc)) 6*61140 = -7°0.8*Ag*(0.85*2500+0.02(60000-0.85*2500)) Ag=200in? Revise Area = 12”*15” P=pek=Ag*(0.85+fc + pg(fs— 0.85 + fc)) 6*61140=0.7*0,8"12*12*(0,85*2500+ pg(60000 — 0.85 + 2500)) pg = 0.03 As= pg + Ag =0.03"12"15 =5.4 in? @ 25mm Page 113 of 154or Ca: Total Load (LL) = 9520 Ib Dead Load (DL) =31339 Ib Column Selt-wt = 150*452% 19-3195 Ip Total DL= 34464 Ib Total Load (P) = 1.2 DL+4.6 LL =1.6°9520+ 1.2"34464 = 56589 Ib P=oek+ Ag+ (0.85+fc + pg(fs—0.85 + fc)) 6*56589 = .7*0.8*Ag*(0.85*2500+0.02(60000-0.85*2500)) ‘Ag= 185 in? Revise Area = 12"*15” P=pek+ Ags (0.85+fc + pg(fs— 0.85 + f'c)) 6*56589=0.7°0.8"12"12*(0.85"2500+ pg(60000 — 0.85 + 2500)) pg = 0.025 As= pg + Ag =0.02*12"15 =4,5 in? 40 19mm 625mm Page 114 of 154Total Load (LL) = 4680 Ib Dead Load (DL) =23000 Ib Column Self Weight = 150*42*18+19=2250 Ib 1 Total DL=25250 Ib Total Load, P=Total LL+ Total DL +=29930 Ib P=085«Ag*(0.25+fc +fs*pg) 6*29930=0.85*Ag*(0.25*2500+0.4*60000°0.02) Ag=191 in? =12"*15" Load Contribution of Concrete: Pe=0.25*Ag*f6* 0.85 =0.25%12"15*2500*0.85 =95625 Ib Load Carried by Steel: Ps =6*29930-95625 =83955 Ib =PS “fs 03955 ~ 0.446000 = 3.50 in? 60 22mm Page 115 of 154For C2: Total Load (LL) = 6630 Ib Dead Load (DL) =28439 |b Column Self-wt = 150*548+19=2812.5 Ib Total DL= 31251 Ib Total Load =Total LL+ Total DL =37881 Ib P= 085+ Ag+ (0.25*fc+ fs pg) 6*37881=0.85*Ag*(0.25*2500+0.4*60000*0.02) Ag = 242 in? =15"*15” Load Contribution of Concrete: Pc=0.25*Ag* Fc * 0.85 =0.25°15*15*2500*0.85 =119532 Ib Load Carried by Steel: Ps =6*37881-119532 =107754 Ib As = a _ 107754 ~ 0:4%60000 = 4.50 in? 4019mm 025mmTotal Load (LL) = 7475 Ib Dead Load (DL) =30905 Ib Column Self-wt = 150°4*22%19=3125 Ib Total DL= 34030 Ib Total Load =Total Lt Total DL =41505 Ib P=085* Ag« (0.25+fc+fs*pg) 6*41505=0.85*Ag*(0.25*2500+0.460000"0.02) ‘Ag=265 in? =15"*18" Load Contribution of Concrete: Pc=0.25%Ag* fc * 0.85 =0.25"15*18*2500°0.85 =143438 Ib Load Carried by Steel: Ps =6*41505-143438 =105592 Ib As = 28 fs — 105592 Pace 117 nf 164Total Load (LL) = 5980 Ib Dead Load (DL) =27984 Ib Column Selfwt = 150*4522 19-3125 jp Total DL= 31109 Ib Total Load =Total LL+ Total DL =37089 Ib P= 085 «Ag+ (0.25+f'c+ fs*pg) 6*37089=0.85* Ag*(0.25*2500+0.4°60000"0.02) ‘Ag= 197 in? =15"*18" Load Contribution of Concrete: Pc=0.25*Ag* fc * 0.85 =0,25"15*18"2500*0.85 #143438 Ib Load Carried by Steel: Ps =6*37089-143438 =79096 Ib Ps As = fs _ 79096 * 04460000 = 4,30 in? 40 19mm 625mm Page 118 of 154For cs: Total Load (LL) = 11895 Ib Dead Load (OL) =45246 Ib Column Self-wt = 150*2222+ 19-4167 Ib Total DL= 49413 Ib Total Load =Total LL+ Total DL 61308 Ib P= 085+ Ag (0.25«fc+ fs+pg) 6*61308=0.85*Ag*(0.25*2500+0.4*60000*0.02) ‘Ag=392in? =20"20" Load Contribution of Concrete: Pc=0.25*Ag* fic * 0.85 =0.25*20*20*2500°0.85 =212500 Ib id Carri Steel: Ps =6*61308-212500 =155348 Ib =6.47 @ 25mm 610mm Page 119 of 154Total Load (UL) = 11115 Ib Dead Load (DL) =43722 Ib 2+10=3750 Ib Column Self-wt = 150 14 Total Di= 47472 Ib Total Load =Total LL+ Total DL 58587 Ib P= 085+ Ag+ (025+ f+ fs+pg) 6°58587=0.85*Ag*(0.25*2500+0.4*60000*0.02) ‘Ag= 374 in? =18"*20" Load Contribution of Concrete: Pc=0.25*Ag* fc * 0.85 =0,25*18*20*2500°0.85 =191250Ib Load Carried by Steel: Ps =6*58587-191250 =160272 Ib as = 28 fs 160272 ~ 0.496000 = 6.70 in? @ 25mm 26 13mm Page 120 of 154Total Load (LL) = 10285 Ib Dead Load (DL) =34112 Ib Column Self-wt = 150°45221 9.3196 5, Total DL= 37237 Ib Total Load =Total LL+ Total DL. =47522 Ib P= 085+ Ag+ (0.25+Fc+ fs» pg) 6*47522=0.85*Ag*(0.25*2500+0.4*60000*0.02) ‘Ag= 304 in? =15"*18" Load Contribution of Concre .25%Ag* Fc * 0.85 =0.25*15*18*2500°0.85 =143438 Ib Load Carried by Steel: Ps =6*47522-143438 =141694 Ib as 225 7 141694 0.460000 =5.90in? 6 25mm 6 22mm Page 121 of 154Total Load (LL) = 9520 Ib Dead Load (DL) =31339 Ib Column Selfawt = 150*4522419-3125 15 Total DL= 34464 Ib Total Load =Total LL+ Total DL =43984 Ib P=085 * Ag+ (0.25 *fc+ fs+pg) 6*43984=0.85* Ag*(0.25*2500+0.4"60000°0.02) Ags 281 in? =15"*18” Load Contribution of Concrete: Pc=0.25*Ag* fc * 0.85 =0,25*15*18*2500*0.85 =143438 Ib Load Carried by Steel: Ps =6*43984-143438 120466 Ib Ps fs _ 120466 ~ 0.4*60000 =5.02 in? @ 25mm 206 13mm Page 122 of 154Footing Design Footing Design inWSD Method For Square Column Footing F1 Area calculation: 166650+28080 = ee = 65 ft? 3000 Area Size =V65 = 8.06" * 8.06” Revise Size = 8.087*8,08" 166650428080 Develop soil Pressure = “986524200 = 2983 Dpth Size: @ wide beam shear, Veeu= {(3.29-d)*8.08}* 2983 Var = 1.1 Yf'C = 1.12500 = 55 Now, {(3.29-d)*8.08}*2983 = 55*144*8,08*d (3.29-d)*24103 = 63994* d 79299= 24103*d = 63994%d 88097*d = 79299 d09' d= 0.9°12 =10.8" Punching Shear : Veev = [(8.08*8.08)- (1.25+d)*(1.5+d)]*2983 Var= 2y/f°C = 2V2500 = 100 Perimeter = {(1.25+d)*(1.5+d)}*2 Now, [(8.08*8,08)-(1.25+d)*(1.5+d)]*2983= 100*144%d*{(1.25+d)*(1.5+d)}*2 d=10 Page 123 of 154getorze12" yyte35'= 158" #16" otal depth = 16"-3.5"=12.5" Rainforcement: wit_ 2963+ 8.08% yet BEE 2 7275 97375012 ao ISTE 4.5 ig? AS Geanoo0egoseizs = 43 in Combined footing designing @ WSD method Ech Size = 18*15 Dead Load= 204180 Live Load = 44850 Total Load = 249030 Ib =249 kip For C2: Size = 15°15 Dead Load = 187506 Live Load = 39780 Total Load = 227286 Ib 227.3 kip Load On Footing : F3=249%1.1=274 kip F2=227.3%1,1= 250 kip Page 124 of 154P=524 kip 274104250008 Caf loads = rye 250 =4.2! Length of footing = 2(4,2+1,8) Area of Combined footing : 52417467 ft? 3 eas 5% ork; a= 24 = 2091 kips Depth check for maximum moment: R=$*1125*0.909"0.273=139.6 Fe=0.45*2500= 1125 psi Fs= 0.4%60000=24000 psi K20.273 40.909 13.24" Depth for developed Shear Va = VmarWd = 162.7-43.65"d kips Vez 1.1 ff'e = 1.1°V2500 = 55 psi Voz Veta (162.7-43,65d)*10? = 55*15*12"*d d= '=12" 1th for puns Shear: Vs 250-{(1.25+d)*(1.25+d))*2.91 Page 125 of 154vane 22*V 7500100 psi . {(1.25+d) (1.2! : )*10%=; (250- {(1.25+d) (1.25+d)}*2.91]*10"=100%(2.5424)¢q9492 -2:182'=26.2" 7 122620243 = 30 18 in 42 30-2-3=26.125 For (+ve) moment : soollee AS Tepe 31.6201000012, pee + Fyq00e0 90926125 20.666in* No of bar= ““<*= 1 nos2@ bar se 22mm 1 nos For (-Ve) moment: ou IS raehed a67+1000012 = 74000+090926.125 113i No of bar= USE @ 22mm 13 nos = 13 nos2 bar Page 126 of 154For Square Column Foting Fa Area calculation: Area size =VB0 = 8.9' * 8.9" Revise Size = 8.9’*8,9" = 208319435000 Develop soll Pressure = “TOSI? - 3045 Depth Size @ wide beam shear, Veer= {(3.6-d)*8.9}° 3045 Va = 1.1 VPC =1.1V2500 = 55 Now, {(3.6-d)*8.9)°3045 = 55*8.9*144¢d (86-d)*27100 = 70488" d 97560- 27100°d = 70488*d 97588*d = 97560 0.99" a= 99°12 =11.88" Punching Shear : Veev = [(8.9°8.9)- (1.5+4)*(1.75+d)]*3045 Va= 29°C = 2V2500 = 100 Perimeter = {(1.5+d)*(1.75+d)}*2 Now, {(8.9°8.9)-(1.54d)*(1.754d)]*3045= 100°144*d*((1.5+d)*(1.75+d)}*2 d=10 d=1.0%12= 12" 12"35 155" = 16" Page 127 of 154Total depth = 16"-3.5"=12.5" aint ment : wt _s045en9? Me SE AR 120597 120597612 me e000 909125 = 9-3 in? For Square Column Foting FS Area calculation: roa = 2ERETIITO 1 ge 3000 Size =VT32 = 11.5'* 11.5" Revise Size = 11.5'* 11.5° 326126471370 lop soll Pressure = 326126471370 _ Develop soil Pressure = S26126*71370 - aqqg Depth Size : @ wide beam shear, Voev= {(4.8-d)*11.5}* 3006 Va = 1.1. JF'C = 1.1V2500=55 Now, {(4.8-d)*11.5)*3006 = 55*11.5*144¢d (4.8-d)*34569 = 91080* d 165931- 34569%d = 91080*d 125649%d = 165931 d13' d= 13°12 =15.6" Punching Shear : (11.5%11.5)- (1.9+d)*(1.9+d)]*3006 Vaz 2/f°C = 2V2500 = 100 Perimeter = {(1.9+d)*(1.9+d)}*2 Now, Page 128 of 154[[11.5*11.5){1.9+d)*(1.9+d)] *3006= 100°144%d*{(1.9+4)*(1.9+¢))*2 x13” 21312 15.6" 156°+3.5"= 19.1" = 20" Total depth = 20"-3.5"=16.5” Rainforcement. = 198772 190772612 gga 460000".9090165 oon Rectangular Footing according to WSD method For F6: Ce= 18"*20" Dead Load =47472*6=284832 Uve Load = 11115*6 = 66690 Total Load = 351522 10 % of Total Load = 35152.2 Total Load = 386674.2 = 20G67A2_ 7 Area = Ty ~= 128.90 ft Revise Area = 16'*8.08" 351522 Soll Upward pressure Qy = Combined footing designing @ WSD method Bb 8 Size = 18°15 Dead Load = 223422 ve Load = 61710 Total Load = 285123 Ib +=285.13 kip Load On Footing Fr=285.13°1.10=314kip Fy=285,1341.10= 314 kip P= 628 kip =4.3" Length of footing = 2(4.340.75+6.7) = 23.5'=L. Page 131 of 154rea.of Combined footing : $38709.38 fe my pettegon Ts = [o5-2500.0273-0 9008918 2235" Depth for developed Shear : Va # Vac Wd = 178,9-26.74d kips vert / fic = 1.1°V2500 = 55 psi Vo2 Vera (178.9-26.7%d)*10* = 55*8.9°12"*d d=1.84"= 22.1" Depth for punching Shear: 4-{(1.5+d)*(1.25+d)}*3*10° Fe +2V2500=100 psi VeVpd (314-{(1.5¢d) (1.25+d)}*3]*10°=100"2*(2.75+2d)*d*12? Ve vei = 1.65'=19.8" 6235043 = = 28in d= 28-2-3 224.125 For (+ve) moment Page 132 of 154Troaovo.909+24.125, 215.74 in! No of bar=#524= 27 nos?" bar ySE@ 22mm 27 nos Combined footing designing @ USD method fe Size = 18*15 Dead Load= 206784 live Load = 57120 Total Load = 263904 Ib =263.9 kip Size = 18°15 Dead Load = 206784 Live Load = 57120 Total Load = 263904 Ib =263.9 kip Load On Footing = 263.9°1,10=291kip Fa=263.9°1.10 = 291 kip P= 582 kip Page 133 of 154Length of footing = 2(4.3+0.7543,7) = 17.5'=L area of Combined footing : 1 Sayoa ft ache toa bis od 0 oe RIT It Depth check for maximum moment : net*1125%0.909"0.273=1396 Fe-0.45*2500= 1125 psi Fs=0.4°60000=24000 psi ke0.273 40908 Depth for developed Shear Ve= VnurWd = 123-33.24*d kips Ayf'e = 1.1*V2500 = 55 psi Va= VGA (123-33.24"d)*10° = 55*12%12"*d d=0.96'= 11.5" Depth for punching Shear V= 291-{(1.5+d)*(1.25+a)}*2.77 Page 134 of 154vanlfe -(7500=100 psi posidtasea) (1.25+d)}*2.77]*10*=100°2*(2.75+2d)*d*12? for (tve) moment : ote AS Teepe 204321000012 = o0000909"20.128 e1.T7i® 171. sara” oof bar=222= 13 nos; bar ysE@ 22mm 13 nos Page 135 of 154Footing Design in USD Method For Square Column Foting F1 ‘Area calculatiot 166650420080 _ ge 2 Area = Se = 65 ft size =V65 = 8.06" * 8.06" Revise Size = 8.08'*8,08" 166650426000 Develop soil Preasure = SSSSSO#25020 - 953 Depth check : 2+166650+1.6+28000 8.08°8.08 Soil Preasure = 3751 wide beam shea: Vaer= (3.42-d)*8.08)* 3751 Vai = 29 fC = 2°.75*V2500 = 75 Now, {(3.42-d)*8.08}*3751 = 75°144*8,08%¢ (3.29-d)*30308 = 87264" d 103653 - 30308*d = 87264*d 117572*d= 103653 d=0.88" d= 0.88°12 =10.56" Punching Shea Veer ={(8.08*8.08}-(1.25+d)*(1.25+0)]*3751 Va= 4p fC = 4. 752500 = 150 Perimeter = {(1.25+d)*(1.25+d)}*2_ Now, ((8.08%8,08)-1.25+d)*(1.25+d)]*3751= 150°144*((1.25+d)*(1.25+d)}*2 Page 136 of 154d=1.03" d= 1.03"12= 12.36" 12.36"+ 3.5"= 15.86" = 16” total depth = 16”-3.5"=12.5" Rainforcement : wit _ 375103427 we = Se 3177248 Asfy sefeb rr7240012 AS= "57600000(125-5 And by trail & error method we get As=3.26 in’, Combined footing designing @ USD method Exfs For C3: Size = 18°15 Dead Load = 204180 live Load = 44850 Total Load = 249030 Ib =249 kip For ca: Size = 15*15 Dead Load = 187506 Live Load = 39780 Page 137 of 154Total Load = 227286 Ib =227.3 kip toad On Footing : Caof loads: 2744250 34.2’ Length of footing = 2(4.2+1.8) = 12'=L Area of Combined footing > aa74.67 2 oad ; 174.67 ft’ 37467, be 14s —O_ = 3,48 kips Depth check : FIESTATOOOTE 0'5-0016+60000+(4-0.59+0.0088-S 37.45" Depth for developed Shear: Ve= VmacWd = 229.1-50.46%d kips Ve= 2 fre = 20.75*V2500 = 75 PS! Ve=VeA (229,1-50,464)*10? = 75%14.5°12"°4 Page 138 of 15441"= 13.32" pepth for punching Shear ye 250-{(1.25+d)*(1.25+d))*3.48 yeas o*Vf'c 24*0.75*V2500=150 psi [2504(1.25+d) (1.25+d)}*3.48]*10°=150°2*(2.5424)*d"12? ge1iv=13.44" For(+ve) moment ; u -— SID 4301000012 =Fprca0000(14.125-) 27.16 in? __ASEY 2 Gasefieob 716460000 = ya5e2500+14S012 21.16 ™ ASD 438.6+10000012 = 716460000 ‘5+2500014.5012 #116 Page 139 of 1542507951000012 = Fove00001(a425-22 chain? For Square Column Foting F4 Area calculation: area = TESA = 80 ft? size =V80 = Revise Size = 8.9'°8.9" Depth check : Soil Preasure. 3.9" * 8.9" wide beam shear: Vee = {(3.7-4)*8.9)* 3835 29 FC = 2*.75°V\ 7500 = 75 Now, {(3.7-d)*8.9)*3835 = 75*144*8.9%d (3.7-d)*34132 = 96120° d 126288 - 34132*d = 96120*d 130252*d = 126288 d=0.97° d= 0.9712 =11.64" Punching Sheat Ve = [(8.9°8.9)- (1.25+d)*(1.5+d)]*3835_ Vaz 4p,/f'C = 4, 752500 = 150 Perimeter = {(1.25+d)*(1.5+d))*2 Now, (8.9°8.9).(1.25+d)*(1.5+d)]*3835= 150°144*4(1.25+d)*(1.5+d)}*2 d=1z Page 140 of 15412= 14.4" deh. yad’e35"= 17.9" = 18” 8"-3.5"=14.5" otal dept gainforcement : 8350 3.72 32235%AS ” AS ore) 26250012 AS Sqo0000(145 For Square Column Foting F5 Area calculation: (326126471370 = 3000 = 1326 Sve =VI32 = 11.5’ * 11.5 Revise Size = 11.5/*11.5° Depth check : sci reasure = 3213261264.6071370 aia ALSeALS 3751 wide beam shea! Vaev= {(4,9-d)*11.5}* 3823 Va = 29 fC = 2%.75*V2500 = 75 Now,, {(4.9-d)*11.5)*3823 = 75°144°11.5%d (4.9-d)e4a96s = 124200* d 215429 - 4ag65*d = 124200%d Page 141 of 154168165*d = 215429 213" d= 1.3*12 =15.6" Punching Shear : Voor = [(11.5°11.5)- (1.25+d)*(1.5+d)]*3823, Va= 4py/f'C = 4.75V2500 = 150 Perimeter = {(1.25+d)*(1.5+a)}*2 Now, [(11.5°11.5)-(1.25+d)*(1.5+d)]*3823= 150°144*{(1.25+d)*(1.5+d))*2 d=19° d=1.9%12= 22.8" 22.8"+3.5"= 26.3" = 27" Total depth = 27"-3.5"=23.5" Rainforcement: Sed 45095012 ol ‘3e600000(235-== Rectangular Footing F6 design according to USD method For F6: 1.20704032+ 16466690 Soil Develop Upward pressure Tg =2921 Bending Moment at 19 Page 142 of 154+= 887056 lb-ft Depth Calculation: Effective depth d= M . ToTOES. ©:90%0.0018+60000+194(1-059-0 0018) = 222" Bending Moment at X-X: =307711 Depth Calculation: so, 0,90+0,0019+60000+194(1-059%0.00%% 213" Wide beam Shear at check: Vie = (2 — d)*8.08)°2921 29 J f'e=2*0.75V2500 = 75psi {@2—d)*8.08)*2921 = 75*19*d d=8.96 Area of steel Calculation: For X-X dimension : a= 2.35*As ate “gta? As Page 143 of 154USE @ 25 mm 12 No> for Y-Y dimension : eaNEe, As sepa =m 2 90-e0000«25=A =3.8 in? USE @ 25 mm 5 No> mbined signi USD method r Size = 18°15 Dead Load = 223422 Live Load = 61710 Total Load = 285132 Ib +=285.13 kip Size = 18°15, Dead Load = 223422 Live Load = 61710 Total Load = 285123 Ib Page 144 of 154=285.13 kip Load On Footing Fy = 285.13"1,10=314kip F)= 285.13*1.10= 314 kip P= 628 kip 3140043140867 Co of we Bet RS? toads = arate =4.3' Length of footing (4.340.75+6.7) = 23.5'=L Area of Combined footing PH1.z 70223422 , 4 gee08t720 1.292 1.692 =536.2+197.5, =734 2. 734-709.33 ft? 200: b=2233.g.9 25 734 OF Sgepg73-51 ksf Depth check : M a= pein: jorpefyr(A-05%epel2) TEOOTOIE a icosaee nn eae 0.9+.0018+60000«(1-0.59+0,0018-) =12.74" Depth for developed Shear : Ver = Vmax-Wd = 209.3-31.24*d kips Ve = 29 [fc = 2*0.75*V2500 = 75 psi Ver = VetA, Page 145 of 154(209.3-31.24d)*10?= d= 1.64"= 19.68" Dept! inchiny rs V= 314-{(1.5+d)*(1.25+d)}*3.51°10? veae pt Vfre =4*0.75*V2500=150 psi [314-{(1.5+d) (1.25+d)}*3.51]*10°=150°2*(2.75+2d)*d*12? d= 1.27'=15.24" t= 19.68+243 = 23.555 = 24 in d= 24-2-3 =20.125 For (+ve) moment: u — eID 1200.46+1000%12, "83+600000(20125-D) $145 in? = —Asthy 2 dase 145460000 = asv250008992 =3.83 TK = 1790.46+10000042 >-60000+(20.125-2=) +=15,626 in? ‘= _15:626060000 Tas-2500+09+12 4.13 As ohye-D Page 146 of 1541260.46+1000012 @5+60000+(20.128- 55) 78 int 21875 No of bar = 325 =27 USE 22 mm bar 27 nos mbined footing designing @ USD metho Fa Size = 18*15 Dead Load = 206784 Live Load = 57120 Total Load = 263904 Ib =263.9 kip Size = 18°15 Dead Load = 206784 Live Load = 57120 Total Load = 263904 Ib Page 147 of 154=263.9kip Load On Footing Fa= 263,9*1.10=291kip Fa=263.9°1.10 = 291 kip P= 582 kip = 2914042910067 Co of loads = CEES 4.3" Length of footing = 2(4.3+0.75+3,7) = 17: Area of Combined footing : 57120 = 1,2*2#206784 4 1 G07 957120 Pet.2020S o> + 16°29 194, beMte1 679 % Fenn 353 ket Depth check: M Perera ora osmePD . TELE: = Jo-s-0018-60000%(1-059-0.0018-S05) =9.95" Depth for developed Shear : Ver= VmaWd = 189,2-38.83°d kips Vez 29 JF" = 2°0.75*V 2500 = 75 psi Va= Vet (189.2-38,83%d)*10° = 75*11°12?*d Page 148 of 154d=1.2"= 14.4" Depth for punching Shear V= 291-{(1.5+d)*(1,25+d)}*3.53 vets of" =4*0.75*V2500=150 psi [291-{(2.5+4) (1.25+<)}*3.51]*10°=150°2"(2.75+24)*d"12? d 214.4" 1441243 = 18.275 = 19in d= 19-23 215,125" For (+ve) moment: ” Ass red = 70151000012 ceases ‘0960000015125 .875 in? Asey. Dasepeb = _11975+60000 “= 7815410000012 ‘9-60000+(15:125- ==") =12.53 in? aA Tasesieod 1253+60000 Dase2s00e11612 Page 149 of 15412.598 in? 2598 No of bar = 2522 221 USE 922 mm bar 21 nos Page 150 of 154Stair Case Design Stair Case Design in WSD Method Data: Floor Finish = 25pst Live load=84 Fc=2500 psi £5=60000psi Riser=6” Trade =10" Load Calculation: 1.Weight of Wais slab (W,)~ 12.5¢n* JEST =12.5*10* = =145 psf 2. Weight of Steps (W2)=6.25*R 6.25%6 =37.5 psf 3.Floor Finish=2*140-25 psf Total Dead Load (DL)= 207 psf Total Live Load (LL)= 84 psf Total Load (w) = DL+LL=207+84=290 psf Moment Calculation Page 151 of 154sean Moment (M) = "2 27 10476 1p. Depth Check: 20M 2410476412 j= [BM [_aetoareeaa on © Jive” lonmassorriaang 8:0"

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