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    © All Rights Reserved
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    14 views18 pages

    Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    ASHJAEE MANSIB CHOWDHURY

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 18
    Physics TT Jheremodynamies | B Ast flow of Yeenosyromiess AQ=AU4 a # Este age cda=dv+dadw ; Ww=0 AQAA» Pye castant | # Adiaatic Changes AQ= Av4au > O= Axa -.dus-dw Hisochoric pretest; awed AWA Era AGQ=AV+ dw = ANtpay deja | ¢ Cav=9) L) Te0themmal Changes themmodynamic, ena Shee The w process In hich Phe Yeropeneture of the system nemains constant js kenoum as isetomnal process. "AUE0 So. dQ= dU, h hich pve cmstant - Y Adiabatic Changes The Henmodynomie Process tn which heat caommet enlen wh Ake syctem frrom outside is known ag adiakalte presess. "dQ=og 2. dy=- aw WY) Tsvchonie Process Ta themmelmnanve process fm ubich he volume of the system sre MNOdr constemt is knoum as VWSo¢ hottie prosce ss. “AW fo. > dqedu. iy) Trebor, TRIS8S5 Thy Mnorroctymnenie preseess jen hich the pressumee ar he system jo wt chonge is known AS isobaric process, B Pdicbatie eguaton of o perfect gas Leb, thene be one molar of ideal 925 ina cylinder filled Lith a ficlimless piston. The pressure of This qes be P: volume! LempercatureT’ and in ermal CROAT U' Firs As finest Jaw of Thenmnodynorses we longus Aa=awraw Fdu+ pdv. But we bes Tat Ale inenease In intemal eratgy dU is produet OF wmsfay specifte heat of at constomt volte C. amd ineneo® in tempometure dt is, Que Cott. Cat 9 FAY mg a —QudT = i er @ Now differed Ae { ne get q d gee ean Pav tVaP = RAT Buk Ce-Q- R/T hence, R -Ce-e)J. Saas lig Mes volue of Ro ia e9r@, we have, (G,-evJ Babe pave dP @ Now @-O= -k r-cg INT -teweaght >- ed = _Paviveat Pav - “ar > Lee ~24 4 d4-V- “Pp “~G a -Ye sf \here, Cleve P > a of he specivt® heat at constant” pressure of Ahe qe +b vs speaifte heat at eestant vellum, vv a Go, -¥ SY = ss > 2 +h =o Teter both sidog, we get a Jeg, NH ta mi k elisa emstant] > fet 2 Pe k P ppt — ke sconctawl ... oO 29 GB) is krom os te adabahe eguoton oF} a perdect qn Now Vee’ Slabocatig Me cbne exmessio, a Po. Vi be Me gnessune amd vellome, mesic. “tively of o guentity of gas and & 4 Thoin Serene ponsiop wohtes after on adiabatic Cherge, then Pa Vy" = Ru ceonstart . or. Pavat= PM = 22. = Canstan’. #€ Adiabatic cures ane » times steeper Han ethereal Coamiers > How steerer @curnve i> dependiog on its shore The curve here Lope 1S (Jreater is sleeper “Vn He Pew Curve te slore aires 2 port aransured by The tees at NA post and expressed as oe ; Slope oF Aha ierthemens For, oony ieotlonomaX chawe we hove py= constont, Dienenka he Ans with respect te ve qee “Hy (ree > ps Sar vag =o. > tpl HP > ory Abe Slope of atichetie For ony adiabatic Change Wwe hove, pyre een stom , Base He tS oA mespecd ty we yet a We “sy (rvid=0 > Pp Atm Eo Vv >xy. vel ae, AP Pom rt aren, SP Lg >t. — DEpyye yer oe Sve et. a The slope, of adiabatic Curve = arthe slope of isoVhermal eure. H second Jou of Hanmedyrormiss Ay 's inpossible, So a self -acteg omaching_ ong Ima cyical prescess unaidod vy Ory axkernal caer +y convey heat from A bedy ata Qeren temperature to bedy ot a \ighe fermperaturce & kelvin~Ppluncks T+ is impossible te cons tet A device hich operates on a cycle andl predure- “> 0 other effect Vron Ha. tromsfer of heat from o se loody im onder ste predeer_ work rE ffeieny of het ovengy. Peal engines A heat engine is a dewer, fer Cannel heat into mechantcal e TH ‘ur be Te Genoun of Wonk obyained from Q hot ogine mM ome Sycle at the expense of @ G@ amount of heat Yon is efficiency 1 ix gren bey. Q= wl outpel) Pah w amd Q bei of OTresed BQ (imped) 9 orck. units] > @s-G _ — = 4-8... gy 1 Tr Case of eanny} oat he. rejected hee Q is propsrcHimok attra, a absorleed op teks. temp of Ne ¢ source on sink, kept in ob th the engine - That 13 seers tant. 3a Fm a complete eek of Ne Canney cma Lrgre, we gobs 7 Qa. a Ta = Qa _ PTs Mio eg Tranadore, From te eon) thy Beirne shat. fop inzespective innevens Lhe | proce ss _entnepy 1S \nemeased => Let. bio objects complete 7 jsofotod frown Ma eavironmen T one in cartack with each other “Ya beeper eR of Ahe tho ovjects one nesperely Ty od ke. Th >a, hen heat wil Thee fromthe warm omject Ay Aa edd owject- Let Win a very choot period oF Time IQ comount of heat 18 tnansfiremesd frown the corm one “jolla oka one Therefore, - 38 = decrease. of who py of Ae Warn object: amd SQ Thenease. of emheopy of he. We edd object. There fore, the cheng e of enteopy of the eystem , As- ~ A@y AQ @ % Ta “TH is observed from AL ee® that T, kh + ds >0 thet is The Chega. of eachcopy is olueys positive, Heme, Sore irentevensi ble precess entropy 1S ineneosed c L Proved]. FH Descnike the reversible and inmevensille proce SS = 2 Precess: J+ is a process hid | Can be returmed in He opposite cdinecHtm sothet the syctem andthe surnouncligs Pass Mees exachly in dhe some stat stele Gt cach clage as in dinec} pescess. tt Exomploss ) Pr given rmass of ica cho 5 rato Lobe hen Acertain amount of frat is absorbed hy Wh amd The some. amass of weler cha irte ice, then The same quantity of heat \s neynoved from it | A Revensit Q. Trneversible Piecetss Ty is a precess | tabi is not exactly mKeversed the system | does not pass Ahnougt, The samc inbermmedtabe state as in The aineet Prseess eee Exomplez The howl produce dua to Linetion, between wo objects yn Ome irenevercsibla process. Pls the Wack dong ogaist the Function im charges] into heat but 4s cannot Le cramsformed jnke cork. ET Dosen be \inecte lorhereprectacton of teoapertatune —_ > Let on molecules of a perfect aes + be emefosed in a neckergurlan box of fF Volume. Thy ox ridog Die Dore Nhe. nis PUY, Z- AU wmolaculeg rnass is gome and ~ tein velouty is '¢° Se Now, we focus cur attention on a vrnolocn ho in Ae aes meow rth eestor, veloorty « Cy’ | in ony direction. Let, Usics te be He Compment of oy aff Sette ote wane”, LiF iwe considen a pactculor molecule of mass on wh a velocity "arial ox pige. onthe free en normally This ionpheging wrohecule wl Tebornd Git, come velecity ol Alig x-015, beequse_ oll molecules behave os perfechly

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