Question N 1

Correct Answer – D
ICAO Annex 15
AIRAC. An acronym (aeronautical information regulation and control) signifying a
system aimed at advance notification, based on common effective dates, of
circumstances that necessitate significant changes in operating practices.
CHAPTER 4. AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATIONS (AIP)
4.2.8 Operationally significant changes to the AIP shall be published in accordance
with Aeronautical Information Regulation and Control (AIRAC) procedures and shall
be clearly identified by the acronym — AIRAC.

Question N 2
Correct Answer – D
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 2. Definitions
Aeronautical information service (AIS). A service established within the defined area
of coverage responsible for the provision of aeronautical information/data necessary for
the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation.

Question N 3
Correct Answer – D
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 1. General
SNOWTAM. A special series NOTAM notifying the presence or removal of hazardous
conditions due to snow, ice, slush or standing water associated with snow, slush and ice
on the movement area, by means of a specific format.
ASHTAM. A special series NOTAM notifying by means of a specific format change in
activity of a volcano, a volcanic eruption and/or volcanic ash cloud that is of
significance to aircraft operations.

Question N 4
Correct Answer – C
EUROCONTROL Guidelines Operating Procedures AIS Dynamic Data (OPADD)
7 Guidelines for the creation and provision of Pre-flight Information Bulletins
(PIB)
7.4 Types of messages/elements to be included in the PIB
Following types of dynamic messages shall be selectable for inclusion in the PIB.
• Civil / Military NOTAM (if available), or combinations.
• International series or national series, or combinations.
• National NOTAM in national language.
• Types of messages:
• NOTAM
• SNOWTAM
• ASHTAM
• Other elements such as predefined maps or local information.

Question N 5
Correct Answer – C
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 15
Appendix 1. Contents of the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
GEN 3.5 Meteorological services
Question N 6
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 15
ENR 2. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AIRSPACE
ENR 2.1 FIR, UIR, TMA
Detailed description of flight information regions (FIR), upper flight information
regions (UIR), and terminal control areas (TMA), including:
1. name, geographical coordinates in degrees and minutes of the FIR/UIR lateral limits
and in degrees, minutes and seconds of the TMA lateral limits, vertical limits and class
of airspace;
2. identification of unit providing the service;
3. call sign of aeronautical station serving the unit and language(s) used, specifying the
area and conditions, when and where to be used, if applicable;
4. frequencies supplemented by indications for specific purposes; and
5. remarks.
Control zones around military air bases not otherwise described in the AIP must be
included in this subsection. Where the requirements of Annex 2 concerning flight plans,
two-way communications and position reporting apply to all flights in order to
eliminate or reduce the need for interceptions and/or where the possibility of
interception exists and the maintenance of guard on the VHF emergency channel 121.5
MHz is required, a statement to this effect must be included for the relevant area(s) or
portion(s) thereof. A description of designated areas over which the carriage of an
emergency locator transmitter (ELT) is required and where aircraft shall continuously
guard the VHF emergency frequency 121.5 MHz, except for those periods when aircraft
are carrying out communications on other VHF channels or when airborne equipment
limitations or cockpit duties do not permit simultaneous guarding of two channels.
Note.— Other types of airspace around civil aerodromes/heliports such as control
zones and aerodrome traffic zones are described in the relevant aerodrome or heliport
section.

Question N 7
Correct Answer – B
ICAO Annex 15 - Aeronautical Information Services
Definitions
An Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC) is a notice containing information that
does not qualify for the origination of a NOTAM or for inclusion in the AIPs, but which
relates to flight safety, air navigation, technical, administrative or legislative matters.
Chapter 7
7.2.2 - Each AIC shall be allocated a serial number which shall be consecutive and
based on the calendar year.
7.2.3 - When AIC are distributed in more than one series, each series shall be
separately identified by a letter.
7.2.4 - Recommendation — Differentiation and identification of AIC topics according
to subjects using colour coding should be practised where the numbers of AIC in force
are sufficient to make identification in this form necessary
7.2.5 - A checklist of AIC currently in force shall be issued at least once a year, with
distribution as for the AIC.

Part 7.2.5 means that each AIC will get reviewed and updated (if necessary) every
year.

Question N 8
Correct Answer – C
ICAO Annex 15
AIRAC. An acronym (aeronautical information regulation and control) signifying a
system aimed at advance notification, based on common effective dates, of
circumstances that necessitate significant changes in operating practices.
CHAPTER 4. AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATIONS (AIP)
4.2.8 Operationally significant changes to the AIP shall be publ ished in accordance
with Aeronautical Information Regulation and Control (AIRAC) procedures and shall
be clearly identified by the acronym — AIRAC.

Question N 9
Correct Answer – B
Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
AIP, the first element of Aeronautical Information Service is, by definition, a
publication of aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation
issued by or with the authority of a State to satisfy international requirements and
containing. In simple words, information that can be found in an AIP shall be either
permanent information and/or long duration temporary changes.

 AIP Amendments. Permanent changes to the AIP shall be published as AIP

Amendments.
 AIP Supplements. Temporary changes of long duration (three months or longer)
and information of short duration which contains extensive text and/or graphics
shall be published as AIP Supplements.
Question N 10
Correct Answer – B
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 15 - Appendix 3
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE COMPLETION OF THE ASHTAM FORMAT
3. Content of ASHTAM
3.1 Item A — Flight information region affected, plain-language equivalent of the
location indicator given in the abbreviated heading, in this example “Auckland Oceanic
FIR”.
3.2 Item B — Date and time (UTC) of first eruption.
3.3 Item C — Name of volcano, and number of volcano as listed in the ICAO Manual
on Volcanic Ash, Radioactive Material and Toxic Chemical Clouds (Doc 9691),
Appendix E, and on the World Map of Volcanoes and Principal Aeronautical Features.
3.4 Item D — Latitude/Longitude of the volcano in whole degrees or radial and
distance of volcano from NAVAID (as listed in the ICAO Manual on Volcanic Ash,
Radioactive Material and Toxic Chemical Clouds (Doc 9691), Appendix E, and on the
World Map of Volcanoes and Principal Aeronautical Features).
3.5 Item E — Colour code for level of alert indicating volcanic activity, including any
previous level of alert colour code as follows: (...)
3.6 Item F — If volcanic ash cloud of operational significance is reported, indicate the
horizontal extent and base/top of the ash cloud using latitude/longitude (in whole
degrees) and altitudes in thousands of metres (feet) and/or radial and distance from
source volcano. Information initially may be based only on specia l air-report, but
subsequent information may be more detailed based on advice from the responsible
meteorological watch office and/or volcanic ash advisory centre.
3.7 Item G — Indicate forecast direction of movement of the ash cloud at selected
levels based on advice from the responsible meteorological watch office and/or
volcanic ash advisory centre.
3.8 Item H — Indicate air routes and portions of air routes and flight levels affected, or
expected to become affected.
3.9 Item I — Indicate closure of airspace, air routes or portions of air routes, and
availability of alternative routes.
3.10 Item J — Source of the information, e.g. “special air-report” or “vulcanological
agency”, etc. The source of information should always be indicated, whether an
eruption has actually occurred or ash cloud reported, or not.
3.11 Item K — Include in plain language any operationally significant information
additional to the foregoing.

Note: The maximum period of validity of ASHTAM is 24 hours. New ASHTAM must be
issued whenever there is a change in the level of alert.

Question N 11
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 15
3.1 Responsibilities and functions
3.1.7 An aeronautical information service shall receive and/or originate, collate or
assemble, edit, format, publish/store and distribute aeronautical information/data
concerning the entire territory of the State as well as areas in which the State is
responsible for air traffic services outside its territory. Aeronautical information shall
be published as an Integrated Aeronautical Information Package.

Chapter 1. Definitions
Integrated Aeronautical Information Package. A package which consists of the
following elements:
— AIP, including amendment service;
— Supplements to the AIP;
— NOTAM and PIB;
— AIC; and
— checklists and lists of valid NOTAM.

Question N 12
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 6. Aeronautical Information Updates
6.2 Aeronautical information regulation and control (AIRAC)
6.2.7 Recommendation.- Whenever major changes are planned and where advance
notice is desirable and practicable, information should be made available by the AIS so
as to reach recipients at least 56 days in advance of the effective date. This should be
applied to the establishment of, and premeditated major changes in, the circumstances
listed below, and other major changes if deemed necessary.

Question N 13
Correct Answer – D
NOTAM shall be distributed on the basis of a request. A checklist of NOTAMs shall be
distributed not more than once a month. The Aeronautical Fixed Service (AFS) shall
be used to distribute NOTAMs. If NOTAM is distributed internationally, then English
text must be used for those parts expressed in plain language. This requirement is to
assist the majority of those engaged in civil aviation.
Question N 14
Correct Answer – C
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 7
7.2 General specifications
7.2.1 AIC shall be issued in printed form.
Note.— Both text and diagrams may be included.
7.2.1.1 The originating State shall select the AIC that are to be given international
distribution.
7.2.1.2 Each AIC shall be allocated a serial number which shall be consecutive and
based on the calendar year.
7.2.1.3 When AIC are distributed in more than one series, each series shall be
separately identified by a letter.
7.2.1.4 Recommendation.— Differentiation and identification of AIC topics according
to subjects using colour coding should be practised where the numbers of AIC in force
are sufficient to make identification in this form necessary.
Note.— Guidance on colour coding of AIC by subject can be found in the Aeronautical
Information Services Manual (Doc 8126).
7.2.2 A checklist of AIC currently in force shall be issued at least once a year, with
distribution as for the AIC.

Question N 15
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 4
4.4 Specifications for AIP Supplements
4.4.1 Temporary changes of long duration (three months or longer) and information of
short duration which contains extensive text and/or graphics shall be published as AIP
Supplements.

Question N 16
Correct Answer – B
ICAO Doc 8126
Chapter 7. AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULARS (AIC)
7.3 DISTRIBUTION
7.3.1 The originating State selects the AIC that are to be given international
distribution. AIC thus selected must be given the same distribution as the AIP, AIP
Amendments and AIP Supplements. In addition, it is highly recommended that AIC be
colour coded by subject where there are sufficient circulars in force to warrant such
identification, e.g.:
a) white — administrative;
b) yellow — ATC;
c) pink — safety;
d) mauve — danger area map; and
e) green — maps/charts.

Question N 17
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 1. General
SNOWTAM. A special series NOTAM notifying the presence or removal of hazardous
conditions due to snow, ice, slush or standing water associated with snow, slush and ice
on the movement area, by means of a specific format.
ASHTAM. A special series NOTAM notifying by means of a specific format change in
activity of a volcano, a volcanic eruption and/or volcanic ash cloud that is of
significance to aircraft operations.

Question N 18
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 15 - APPENDIX 1. CONTENTS OF THE AERONAUTICAL
INFORMATION PUBLICATION (AIP)
PART 3 — AERODROMES (AD)
AD 2.12 - Runway physical characteristics
AD 2.13 - Declared distances
AD 2.14 - Approach and runway lighting
AD 2.19 - Radio navigation and landing aids
Listed above is a selection of the subparts of the AIP part 3, AD (aerodromes) that
apply to this question. These can be found in Appendix 1 of ICAO Annex 15. The AIP
is broken up into 3 parts, General (GEN), En-Route (ENR) and Aerodromes (AD).

Question N 19
Correct Answer – A
Question N 20
Correct Answer – B
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2017/373 of 1 March 2017
laying down common requirements for providers of air traffic management/air
navigation services and other air traffic management network functions and their
oversight, repealing Regulation (EC) No 482/2008, Implementing Regulations (EU) No
1034/2011, (EU) No 1035/2011 and (EU) 2016/1377 and amending Regulation (EU) No
677/2011
Article 1
Subject matter
This Regulation lays down common requirements for:

(1) the provision of air traffic management and air navigation services (‘ATM/ANS’)
and other air traffic management network functions (‘ATM network functions’) for
general air traffic, in particular for the legal or natural persons provi ding those
services and functions;

(2) the competent authorities, and the qualified entities acting on their behalf, which
exercise certification, oversight and enforcement tasks in respect of the providers
of the services and functions referred to in point (1).

Question N 21
Correct Answer – C
ICAO Annex 15
Pre-flight information bulletin (PIB). A presentation of current NOTAM information
of operational significance, prepared prior to flight.

Chapter 8. Pre-flight and Post-flight Information/Data

8.1.3 A recapitulation of current NOTAM and other information of urgent character
shall be made available to flight crews in the form of plain-language pre-flight
information bulletins (PIB).

Question N 22
Correct Answer – B
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 1. General
SNOWTAM. A special series NOTAM notifying the presence or removal of hazardous
conditions due to snow, ice, slush or standing water associated with snow, slush and ice
on the movement area, by means of a specific format.
ASHTAM. A special series NOTAM notifying by means of a specific format change in
activity of a volcano, a volcanic eruption and/or volcanic ash cloud that is of
significance to aircraft operations.

Question N 23
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 2. Responsabilities and Functions
2.2 AIS responsibilities and functions
2.2.3 Where 24-hour service is not provided, service shall be available during the whole
period an aircraft is in flight in the area of responsibility of AIS, plus a period of at
least two hours before and after such a period. Service shall also be available at such
other time as may be requested by an appropriate ground organization.

Question N 24
Correct Answer – C
ICAO Annex 15
Pre-flight information bulletin (PIB). A presentation of current NOTAM information
of operational significance, prepared prior to flight.

Chapter 8. Pre-flight and Post-flight Information

8.1.3 A recapitulation of valid NOTAM of operational significance and other
information of urgent character shall be made available to flight crews in the form of
plain-language pre-flight information bulletins (PIB).

Question N 25
Correct Answer – D
ICAO Annex 14
Apron. A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for
purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or
maintenance.
Movement area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and
taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and the apron(s).
Manoeuvring area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and
taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons.

 Movement Area = Manoeuvring Area + Apron(s)

Question N 26
Correct Answer – A
2.9 Condition of the movement area and related facilities
2.9.1 Information on the condition of the movement area and the operational status of
related facilities shall be provided to the appropriate aeronautical information services
units, and similar information of operational significance to the air traffic services
units, to enable those units to provide the necessary information to arriving and
departing aircraft. The information shall be kept up to date and changes in conditions
reported without delay.
2.9.2 The condition of the movement area and the operational status of related fa cilities
shall be monitored and reports on matters of operational significance or affecting
aircraft performance given, particularly in respect of the following:
a) construction or maintenance work;
b) rough or broken surfaces on a runway, a taxiway or an apron;
c) snow, slush or ice on a runway, a taxiway or an apron;
d) water on a runway, a taxiway or an apron;
e) snow banks or drifts adjacent to a runway, a taxiway or an apron;
f) anti-icing or de-icing liquid chemicals on a runway or a taxiway;
g) other temporary hazards, including parked aircraft;
h) failure or irregular operation of part or all of the aerodrome visual aids; and
i) failure of the normal or secondary power supply.
2.9.3 To facilitate compliance with 2.9.1 and 2.9.2, inspections of the mo vement area
shall be carried out each day at least once where the code number is 1 or 2 and at least
twice where the code number is 3 or 4.
Note.— Guidance on carrying out daily inspections of the movement area is given in
the Airport Services Manual (Doc 9137), Part 8 and in the Manual of Surface
Movement Guidance and Control Systems (SMGCS) (Doc 9476).

Question N 27
Correct Answer – A
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 15
NOTAM. A notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information
concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service,
procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned
with flight operations.

Chapter 5. NOTAM
5.1.1.1 A NOTAM shall be originated and issued concerning the following information:
a) establishment, closure or significant changes in operation of aerodrome(s)/heliport(s)
or runways; (1) and (2)
s) outbreaks of epidemics necessitating changes in notified requirements for
inoculations and quarantine measures; (5)
t) forecasts of solar cosmic radiation, where provided; (4)
p) allocation, cancellation or change of location indicators; (8)
Note: ICAO Annex 15 provides an exhaustive list of items when a NOTAM shall/shall
not be issued, you can find this list in the attached figure.

Question N 28
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 4. Aeronautical Information Publications (AIP)
4.1.2 Aeronautical Information Publications shall include in Part 1 — General (GEN):
a) a statement of the competent authority responsible for the air navigation facilities,
services or procedures covered by the AIP;
b) the general conditions under which the services or facilities are available for
international use;
c) a list of significant differences between the national regulations and practices of the
State and the related ICAO Standards , Recommended Practices and Procedures, given
in a form that would enable a user to differentiate readily between the requirements of
the State and the related ICAO provisions;
d) the choice made by a State in each significant case where an alternative course of
action is provided for in ICAO Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures.

Question N 29
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 1
AIRAC. An acronym (aeronautical information regulation and control) signifying s
system aimed at advance notification, based on common effective dates , of
circumstances that necessitate significant changes in operating practices.
Chapter 6
6.2.2 The information notified under the AIRAC system shall not be changed further
for at least another 28 days after the effective date, unless the circumstance notified is
of temporary nature and would not persist for the full period.
6.2.3 Information provided under the AIRAC system shall be made available by the
aeronautical information service (AIS) so as to reach recipients at least 28 days in
advance of the effective date.
Note.- AIRAC information is distributed by the AIS unit at least 42 days in advance of
the AIRAC effective dates with the objective of reaching recipients at least 28 days in
advance of the effective date.
Close

Question N 30
Correct Answer – D
Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
AIP, the first element of Aeronautical Information Service is, by definition, a
publication of aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation
issued by or with the authority of a State to satisfy international requirements and
containing. In simple words, information that can b e found in an AIP shall be either
permanent information and/or long duration temporary changes.

 AIP Amendments. Permanent changes to the AIP shall be published as AIP

Amendments.
 AIP Supplements. Temporary changes of long duration (three months or
longer) and information of short duration which contains extensive text and/or
graphics shall be published as AIP Supplements.
NOTAM. A notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information
concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service,
procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned
with flight operations.
=> It is incorrect since it refers to "timely knowledge" (= short-term)

Question N 31
Correct Answer – C
ICAO Annex 15
Aeronautical information service (AIS). A service established within the defined area
of coverage responsible for the provision of aeronautical data and aeronautical
information necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navig ation.

Question N 32
Correct Answer – B
ICAO Doc 8126
Chapter 7. AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULARS (AIC)
7.3 DISTRIBUTION
7.3.1 The originating State selects the AIC that are to be given international
distribution. AIC thus selected must be given the same distribution as the AIP, AIP
Amendments and AIP Supplements. In addition, it is highly recommended that AIC be
colour coded by subject where there are sufficient circulars in force to warrant such
identification, e.g.:
a) white — administrative;
b) yellow — ATC;
c) pink — safety;
d) mauve — danger area map; and
e) green — maps/charts.

Question N 33
Correct Answer – C
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 15
NOTAM. A notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information
concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service,
procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned
with flight operations.

Chapter 5. NOTAM
5.1.1.1 A NOTAM shall be originated and issued concerning the following information:
e) interruption of or return to operation of major components of aerodrome lighting
systems; (5)
g) occurrence or correction of major defects or impediments in the manoeuvring
area; (4)
l) presence of hazards which affect air navigation (including obstacles, military
exercises, displays, races and major parachuting events outside promulgated sites); (6)
w) observations or forecasts of space weather phenomena, the date and time of
their occurrence, the flight levels wher e provided and portions of the airspace
which may be affected by the phenomena. (7)
5.1.1.3 The following information shall not be notified by NOTAM:
a) routine maintenance work on aprons and taxiways which does not affect the safe
movement of aircraft;
b) runway marking work, when aircraft operations can safely be conducted on
other available runways, or the equipment used can be removed when necessary;
Note: ICAO Annex 15 provides an exhaustive list of items when a NOTAM shall/shall
not be issued, you can find this list in the attached figure.

Question N 34
Correct Answer – B
ICAO Annex 15
Appendix 3. ASHTAM Format
1.1 The ASHTAM provides information on the status of activity of a volcano when a
change in its activity is, or is expected to be of operational significance. This
information is provided using the volcano level of alert colour code given in 3.5 below.
3.5 Item E — Colour code for level of alert indicating volcanic activity, including any
previous level of alert colour code as follows:
GREEN ALERT
— Volcano is in normal, non-eruptive state.
or, after a change from a higher alert level:
— Volcanic activity considered to have ceased, and volcano reverted to its normal,
non-eruptive state.

YELLOW ALERT
— Volcano is experiencing signs of elevated unrest above known background
levels.
or, after a change from higher alert level:
— Volcanic activity has decreased significantly but continues to be closely
monitored for possible renewed increase.
ORANGE ALERT
— Volcano is exhibiting heightened unrest with increased likelihood of eruption.
or,
— Volcanic eruption is underway with no or minor ash emission [specify ash-
plume height if possible].
RED ALERT
— Eruption is forecasted to be imminent with significant emission of ash into the
atmosphere likely.
or,
— Eruption is underway with significant emission of ash into the atmosphere
[specify ash-plume height if possible].

Question N 35
Correct Answer – D
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 2. Responsabilities and Functions
2.2 AIS responsibilities and functions
2.2.3 Where 24-hour service is not provided, service shall be available during the whole
period an aircraft is in flight in the area of responsibility of AIS, plus a period of at
least two hours before and after such a period. Service shall also be available at such
other time as may be requested by an appropriate ground organization.

.............................................................................................................................................................

Release date: 2022.10.02.

Question N° 36
Correct Answer – B
ICAO Doc 8126
Chapter 7. AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULARS (AIC)
7.3 DISTRIBUTION
7.3.1 The originating State selects the AIC that are to be given international
distribution. AIC thus selected must be given the same distribution as the AIP, AIP
Amendments and AIP Supplements. In addition, it is highly recommended that AIC be
colour coded by subject where there are sufficient circulars in force to warrant such
identification, e.g.:
a) white — administrative;
b) yellow — ATC;
c) pink — safety;
d) mauve — danger area map; and
e) green — maps/charts.
Question N° 37
Correct Answer – C

 On the outbound leg, the pilot is supposed to make corrections to the timing and
heading in order to maintain the outbound track using dead reckoning and staying
within the protected area. Track cannot be corrected, it is given by the inbound
and the corresponding outbound value. The pilot must correct his/her heading to
stay on the required track.

ICAO Doc 8168

Chapter 1 - HOLDING CRITERIA
1.3.3 Allowance for known wind
All procedures depict tracks. Pilots should attempt to maintain the track by making
allowance for known wind by applying corrections both to heading and timing. This
should be done during entry and while flying in the holding pattern.

Question N° 38
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 15
Chapter 2. Responsabilities and Functions
2.2 AIS responsibilities and functions
2.2.3 Where 24-hour service is not provided, service shall be available during the whole
period an aircraft is in flight in the area of responsibility of AIS, plus a period of at
least two hours before and after such a period. Service shall also be available at such
other time as may be requested by an appropriate ground organization.

Question N° 39
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 13
Accident. An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which, in the case
of a manned aircraft, takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with
the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked, or in the
case of an unmanned aircraft, takes place between the time the aircraft is ready to mo ve
with the purpose of flight until such time as it comes to rest at the end of the flight and
the primary propulsion system is shut down, in which:
b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which:
 — adversely affects the structural strength, p erformance or flight characteristics
of the aircraft, and
— would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component,
except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to a single
engine, (including its cowlings or accessories), to propellers, wing tips, antennas,
probes, vanes, tires, brakes, wheels, fairings, panels, landing gear doors,
windscreens, the aircraft skin (such as small dents or puncture holes), or for
minor damages to main rotor blades, tail rotor blades, landing gear, and those
resulting from hail or bird strike (including holes in the radome); or
ATTACHMENT C. LIST OF EXAMPLES OF SERIOUS INCIDENTS
2. The incidents listed are typical examples of incidents that are likely to be serious
incidents. The list is not exhaustive and only serves as guidance to the definition of
serious incident.
Near collisions requiring an avoidance manoeuvre to avoid a collision or an
unsafe situation or when an avoidance action would have been appropriate

Question N° 40
Correct Answer – B
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 2
Appendix 1
4. Straight ahead
Bend extended arms at elbows and move wands up and down from chest height to head.

Question N° 41
Correct Answer – D
ICAO Doc 9626
Freedoms of the Air

 Two Technical Freedoms of the Air:

First Freedom of the Air (peaceful transit) - the right or privilege, in respect of
scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to
fly across its territory without landing (also known as a First Freedom Right).
Second Freedom of the Air (non-traffic / technical stop - to refuel, repair, or refuge) -
the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one
State to another State or States to land in its territory for non -traffic purposes (also
known as a Second Freedom Right).

 Three Commercial Freedoms of the Air

Third Freedom of The Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international
air services, granted by one State to another State to put down, in the territory of the
first State, traffic coming from the home State of the carrier (also known as a Third
Freedom Right).
Fourth Freedom of The Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international
air services, granted by one State to another State to take on, in the territory of the first
State, traffic destined for the home State of the carrier (also known as a Fourth
Freedom Right).
Fifth Freedom of The Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international
air services, granted by one State to another State to put down and to take on, in the
territory of the first State, traffic coming from or destined to a third State (also known
as a Fifth Freedom Right).

Question N° 42
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 2
CHAPTER 5. INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES
5.1.2 Minimum levels Except when necessary for take-off or landing, or except when
specifically authorized by the appropriate authority, an IFR flight shall be flown at a
level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the State w hose
territory is overflown, or, where no such minimum flight altitude has been established:
a) over high terrain or in mountainous areas, at a level which is at least 600 m (2
000 ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated positio n
of the aircraft;
b) elsewhere than as specified in a), at a level which is at least 300 m (1 000 ft)
above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the
aircraft.

Question N° 43
Correct Answer – A
Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3
April 2014 on the reporting, analysis and follow-up of occurrences in civil aviation.
Regulation (EU) No 996/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20
October 2010 on the investigation and prevention of accidents and incidents in civil
aviation

 This regulation shall not apply to safety investigations into accidents and serious
incidents which involve aircraft engaged in military, customs, police or similar
services, except when the Member State concerned do determines, in accordance
with Article 5(4) and national legislation.
Question N° 44
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Doc 8168
Chapter 2. BASIC ALTIMETER SETTING REQUIREMENTS
2.1.2 Transition altitude
2.1.2.1 A transition altitude shall normally be specified for each aerodrome by the State
in which the aerodrome is located.
2.1.2.2 Where two or more closely spaced aerodromes are located so that coordinated
procedures are required, a common transition altitude shall be established. This
common transition altitude shall be the highest that would be required if the
aerodromes were considered separately.

Question N° 45
Correct Answer – A
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 14
5.3.18 Taxiway edge lights
Characteristics
5.3.18.7 Taxiway edge lights shall be fixed lights showing blue. The lights shall show
up to at least 75° above the horizontal and at all angles in azimuth necessary to provide
guidance to a pilot taxiing in either direction. At an intersection, exit or curve the lights
shall be shielded as far as practicable so that they cannot be seen in angles of azimuth
in which they may be confused with other lights.

Question N° 46
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Doc 8168
Chapter 2. BASIC ALTIMETER SETTING REQUIREMENTS
2.1.1 System of flight levels
2.1.1.1 Flight level zero shall be located at the atmospheric pressure level of 1 013.2
hPa. Consecutive flight levels shall be separated by a pressure interval corresponding to
at least 500 ft (152.4 m) in the standard atmosphere.

Question N° 47
Correct Answer – C
"Delay until wind changes." => No weather forecast is provided, which means that we
have no idea how long it will take until the wind changes - it could take long.
"Offload one container of cargo so that the aircraft is able to take off from runway
31R." and "Wait until ATC changes runways from 31R to 31L. " => According to the
question text, runway 31R is too short for the calculated TOM, meaning that reducing
the load would be required. This would potential cause long delays and higher compan y
costs.

 The best option would be to request a take-off from runway 31L for safety
reasons avoiding long delays and extra costs.

Note: we do not have any information regarding runway 04L length, and the wind
conditions do not favour a take-off from this R04L (wind at 10º => nearly full
tailwind).

Question N° 48
Correct Answer – D
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 2
Appendix 1
7 a). Set brakes
Raise hand just above shoulder height with open palm. Ensuring eye contact with flight
crew, close hand into a fist. Do not move until receipt of "thumbs up"
acknowledgement from flight crew.

Question N° 49
Correct Answer – D
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is the trade association for the
world’s airlines, representing some 290 airlines or 82% of total air traffic. It supports
many areas of aviation activity and help formulate industry policy on critical aviation
issues. IATA’s mission is to represent, lead, and serve the airline industry. IATA seeks
to improve understanding of the air transpor t industry among decision makers and
increase awareness of the benefits that aviation brings to national and global
economies. Advocating for the interests of airlines across the globe, we challenge
unreasonable rules and charges, hold regulators and gover nments to account, and strive
for sensible regulation.
Source: IATA web page.

Question N° 50
Correct Answer – D
Refer to figure.
ICAO Doc 8168
2.1.4 References to vertical position
2.1.4.1 The vertical position of aircraft operating at or below the transition altitude
shall be expressed in terms of altitude. Vertical position at or above the transition level
shall be expressed in terms of flight levels. This terminology applies during:
a) climb;
b) en-route flight; and
c) approach and landing (except as provided for in 2.4.3, “References to vertical
positioning after approach clearance”).

Question N° 51
Correct Answer – D
Precision Approach CAT I Lighting

 It consists of a row of lights on the extended centre line of the runway

 It extends to 900m from the threshold (wherever possible).
 The crossbar is at a distance of 300 m from the threshold.
 The crossbar length is 30m.
 The lights forming the crossbar must be:
  In a horizontal straight line.
 At right angles to the line of the centre line lights.
 Bisected by the line of the centre line lights.

Crossbar lights spacing should be so as to produce a linear effect.

Gaps (kept to minimum and not exceeding 6m) may be left on each side of the centre
line.
Centre line lights should be spaced at 30m intervals.
Innermost light at 30m from the threshold.
The system must lie as nearly as practicable in the horizontal plane passing through the
threshold. provided that

Question N° 52
Correct Answer – C

Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 7
4. Location of Nationality, Common and Registration Marks
4.3 Heavier-than-air aircraft
4.3.1 Wings. On heavier-than-air aircraft, the marks shall appear once on the lower
surface of the wing structure. They shall be located on the left half of the lower surface
of the wing structure unless they extend across the whole of the lower surface of the
wing structure. So far as is possible, the marks shall be located equidistant from the
leading and trailing edges of the wings. The tops of the letters and numbers shall be
toward the leading edge of the wing.
4.3.2 Fuselage (or equivalent structure) and vertical tail surfaces . On heavier-than-air
aircraft, the marks shall appear either on each side of the fuselage (or equivalent
structure) between the wings and the tail surface or on the upp er halves of the vertical
tail surfaces. When located on a single vertical tail surface, they shall appear on both
sides. When located on multivertical tail surfaces, they shall appear on the outboard
sides of the outer surfaces.
4.3.3 Special cases. If a heavier-than-air aircraft does not possess parts corresponding
to those mentioned in 4.3.1 and 4.3.2, the marks shall appear in a manner such that the
aircraft can be identified readily.

Question N° 53
Correct Answer – B

Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 14
5.1.2 Landing direction indicator
Location
5.1.2.1 Where provided, a landing direction indicator shall be located in a conspicuous
place on the aerodrome.
Characteristics
5.1.2.2 Recommendation.- The landing direction indicator should be in the form of a
"T".
5.1.2.3 The shape and minimum dimensions of a landing "T" shall be as shown in
Figure 5-1. The colour of the landing "T" shall be either white or orange, the choice
being dependent on the colour that contrasts best with the background against which the
indicator will be viewed. Where required for use at night the landing "T" shall either be
illuminated or outlined by white lights.

Question N° 54
Correct Answer – B
ICAO Doc 8168
Chapter 6 MISSED APPROACH SEGMENT
6.1.4 It is expected that the pilot will fly the missed approach procedure as published.
If a missed approach is initiated before arriving at the missed approach point (MAPt),
the pilot will normally proceed to the MAPt (or to the middle marker fix or specified
DME distance for precision approach procedures) and then follow the missed approach
procedure in order to remain within the protected airspace.
6.1.6 If upon reaching the MAPt the required visual reference is not established, the
procedure requires that a missed approach be initiated at once in order to maintain
protection from obstacles.

Summary:

 If the missed approach is initiated before arriving to the MAPt => Proceed to
the MAPt and then follow the Missed Approach Procedure.
 If upon reaching the MAPt, required visual reference is not established =>
Immediately initiate the missed approach procedure.

Question N° 55
Correct Answer – B
ICAO Doc 4444
7.15 AERONAUTICAL GROUND LIGHTS
7.15.2.2 Lights on and in the vicinity of aerodromes that are not intended for en-route
navigation purposes may be turned off, subject to further provisions hereafter, if no
likelihood of either regular or emergency operation exists, provided that they can be
again brought into operation at least one hour before the expected arrival of an aircraft.

Question N° 56
Correct Answer – D
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 965/2012 of 5 October 2012
Article 1. Subject matter and scope
1. This Regulation lays down detailed rules for air operations with aeroplanes and
helicopters, including ramp inspections of aircraft of operators under the safety
oversight of another State when landed at aerodromes located in the territory subject to
the provisions of the Treaties.
2. This Regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions for issuing,
maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking the certificates of operators of
aircraft referred to in points (b)(i) and (ii) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU)
2018/1139, except for balloons and sailplanes, engaged in commercial air transport
operation, the privileges and responsibilities of the holders of certificates as well as
conditions under which operations shall be prohibited, limited or subject to certain
conditions in the interest of safety;
3. This Regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions and procedures for
the declaration by operators engaged in commercial specialised operations of
aeroplanes and helicopters or in non-commercial operation of complex motor-powered
aircraft, including non-commercial specialised operations of complex motor-powered
aircraft, of their capability and the availability of the means to discharge the
responsibilities associated with the operation of aircraft, and for the oversight of such
operators.]
4. This Regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions under which
certain high risk commercial specialised operations shall be subject to authorisation in
the interest of safety, and on the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending,
limiting, suspending or revoking the authorisations.

Question N° 57
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 2
Chapter 3. General Rules
3.1.2 Minimum heights
Except when necessary for take-off or landing, or except by permission from the
appropriate authority, aircraft shall not be flown over the congested areas of cities,
towns or settlements or over an open-air assembly of persons, unless at such a height as
will permit, in the event of an emergency arising, a landing to be made without undue
hazard to persons or property on the surface.
Note.— See 4.6 for minimum heights for VFR flights and 5.1.2 for minimum levels for
IFR flights.

Question N° 58
Correct Answer – A
There has been a lot of discussion over this question – We will try to explain it in line
with the regulation.
EASA seems to distinguish between flights enroute (Cruising levels) and flights in the
vicinity of aerodromes. In this case, the regulation that concerns us is the one related
to “Cruising levels”.

 "heights, for flights below the transition layer." - WRONG. The regulation does
not refer to “heights”, only “altitudes” and “flight levels”
 "flight levels, if the flight is at or above the lowest usable flight level."
- CORRECT. See regulation below.
 "altitudes, if the flight is above the lowest usable flight level." - WRONG. At or
above the lowest usable flight level, flights shall be conducted in "flight levels".
 "flight levels, for flights in and above the transition layer." - WRONG. See
regulation below.

Rules of the air, annex 2

CHAPTER 3. GENERAL RULES
3.1.3 Cruising levels
The cruising levels at which a flight or a portion of a flight is to be conducted shall be
in terms of:
a) flight levels, for flights at or above the lowest usable flight level or, where
applicable, above the transition altitude;
b) altitudes, for flights below the lowest usable flight level or, where applicable, at or
below the transition altitude.
Note.— The system of flight levels is prescribed in the Procedures for Air Navigation
Services — Aircraft Operations (Doc 8168).
ICAO Doc 4444
1- For flights in the vicinity of aerodromes and within terminal control areas the
vertical position of aircraft shall, except as provided for in 4.10.1.2, be expressed in
terms of altitudes at or below the transition altitude and in terms of flight levels at
or above the transition level. While passing through the transition layer, vertical
position shall be expressed in terms of flight levels when climbing and in terms of
altitudes when descending.

Question N° 59
Correct Answer – C
ICAO Doc 8168
Chapter 3. PROCEDURES FOR OPERATORS AND PILOTS
3.5 APPROACH AND LANDING
3.5.1 Before beginning the initial approach to an aerodrome, the number of the
transition level shall be obtained.
Note.— The transition level is normally obtained from the appropriate air traffic
services unit.
3.5.2 Before descending below the transition level, the latest QNH altimeter setting for
the aerodrome shall be obtained.
Note.— The latest QNH altimeter setting for the aerodrome is normally obtained from
the appropriate air traffic services unit.
3.5.3 As the aircraft descends through the transition level, the reference for the vertical
position of the aircraft shall be changed from flight levels (1 013.2 hPa)

.............................................................................................................................................................

Release date: 2023.01.01.

Question N° 60
Correct Answer – B
Learning Objective 010.01.02.03.01: Describe the measures and actions to be taken by
the pilot-in-command (PIC) of an aircraft in order to suppress unlawful acts against
the safety of the aircraft.
Source: ICAO Doc 8364 - Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed
on Board Aircraft, Tokyo, 14 September 1963

Tokyo Convention (1963)

Article 6
1. The aircraft commander may, when he has reasonable grounds to believe that a
person has committed, or is about to commit, on board the aircraft, an offence or act
contemplated in Article 1, paragraph 1, impose upon such person reasonable
measures including restraint which are necessary:
(a) to protect the safety of the aircraft, or of persons or property therein; or
(b) to maintain good order and discipline on board; or
(c) to enable him to deliver such person to competent authorities or to disembark him in
accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.

Article 9
1. The aircraft commander may deliver to the competent authorities of any Contracting
State in the territory of which the aircraft lands any person who he has reasonable
grounds to believe has committed on board the aircraft an act which, in his opinion, is a
serious offence acccording to the penal law of the State of registration of the aircraft.

The regulations also allow the commander the ability to require the assistance of other
crew members, and request the assistance of passengers in security matters as
described above, which removes two of the possible options here.

Question N° 61
Correct Answer – B
Refer to figures.
ICAO Annex 15
NOTAM. A notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information
concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service,
procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned
with flight operations.

Chapter 5. NOTAM
5.1.1.1 A NOTAM shall be originated and issued concerning the following information:
a) establishment, closure or significant changes in operation of aerodrome(s) or
hiport(s) or runways; (1)
e) establishment, withdrawl or significant changes to visual aids; (3)
f) interruption of or return to operation of major components of aerodrome lighting
systems; (4)
u) outbreaks of epidemics necessitating changes in notified (6) requirements for
inoculations and quarantine measures;
v) observations or forecasts of space weather phenomena, the date and time of
their occurrence, the flight levels where provided and portions of the airspace
which may be affected by the phenomena; (5)
5.1.1.3 The following information shall not be notified by NOTAM:
a) routine maintenance work on aprons and taxiways which does not affect the safe
movement of aircraft; (2)
g) the unserviceability of location, destination or other instruction signs on the
aerodrome movement area; (7)
Note: ICAO Annex 15 provides an exhaustive list of items when a NOTAM shall/shall
not be issued, you can find this list in the attached figure.
Question N° 62
Correct Answer – B
Approach lighting is measured from the threshold.

For example:
ICAO Annex 14
Simple Approach Lighting System
Location
5.3.4.2 A simple approach lighting system shall consist of a row of lights on the
extended centre line of the runway extending, whenever possible, over a distance of not
less than 420 m from the threshold with a row of lights forming a crossbar 18 m or 30
m in length at a distance of 300 m from the threshold.

Question N° 63
Correct Answer – C
Refer to figure.
ICAO Doc 8168
Transition level. The lowest flight level available for use above the transition altitude.

Transition Altitude (TA)

The TA is usually specified for each aerodrome by the state in which it is located and
shall always be published in charts, broadcast by ATC as well as published in AIPs.
The height above the aerodrome of the TA shall be as low as possible but not normally
less than 3 000 ft. The transition altitude is rounded up to the next full 300 m (1 000 ft).
In flight when an aircraft is at or below the transition altitude (TA), its vertical position
shall be expressed in terms of altitude. At the Transition Altitude (TA), when climbing,
change altimeter from QNH to standard setting.
Transition Level (TL)
The transition level shall be passed to the aircraft crew in due time prior to approach
and landing. TL shall be communicated by the ATIS and it shall be confirmed back by
the aircraft crew. At the transition level, the altimeter shall be set to standard
altimeter setting of 1013.5 hPa and this is the first available flight level (i.e. the
lowest usable flight level) above the transition altitude. Once the en-route flight is at
or above the transition level (TL), the vertical position of the aircraft shall be expressed
in terms of flight levels.
At the Transition Level (TL), when descending, change altimeter from standard used
for flight levels to local QNH.
Question N° 64
Correct Answer – C
ICAO Annex 17 - Chapter 4
4.7 Measures relating to special categories of passengers
4.7.4 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the carriage of weapons on board aircraft,
by law enforcement officers and other authorized persons, acting in the performance of
their duties, requires special authorization in accordance with the laws of the States
involved.
4.7.5 Each Contracting State shall consider requests by any ot her State to allow the
travel of armed personnel, including in-flight security officers, on board aircraft of
operators of the requesting State. Only after agreement by all States involved shall such
travel be allowed.
4.7.6 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the carriage of weapons in other cases is
allowed only when an authorized and duly qualified person has determined that they are
not loaded, if applicable, and then only if stowed in a place inaccessible to any person
during flight time. [Not applicable to authorised security officers]
4.7.7 Each Contracting State that decides to deploy in-flight security officers shall
ensure that they are government personnel who are specially selected and trained,
taking into account the safety and security asp ects on board an aircraft and deployed
according to the threat assessment of the competent authority. The deployment of such
officers shall be coordinated with concerned States and kept strictly confidential.
4.7.8 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the pilot-in-command is notified as to the
number of armed persons and their seat location.

Question N° 65
Correct Answer – D
ICAO Doc 8168
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION TO ALTIMETER SETTING PROCEDURES
1.1 These procedures describe the method for providing adequate vertical separation
between aircraft and for providing adequate terrain clearance during all phases of a
flight. This method is based on the following basic principles:
c) The change in reference from altitude to flight levels, and vice versa, is made:
1) at the transition altitude, when climbing ; and
2) at the transition level, when descending.
Note: It is common practise in airliners to set 1013.2 Pa as soon as the flight is cleared
to a flight level by ATC. However, the standby instrument shall remain on local QNH
until passing the transition altitude, when climbing.

Question N° 66
Correct Answer – D
ICAO Doc 4444
15.3 AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE
15.3.3 If the aircraft fails to indicate that it is able to receive and acknowledge
transmissions, separation shall be maintained between the aircraft having the
communication failure and other aircraft, based on the assumption that the aircraft will:
7) land, if possible, within 30 minutes after the estimated time of arrival specified in 5)
or the last acknowledged expected approach time, whichever is later.

Question N° 67
Correct Answer – B
ICAO Annex 14
5.4.2 Mandatory instruction signs
Application
5.4.2.1 A mandatory instruction sign shall be provided to identify a location beyond
which an aircraft taxiing or vehicle shall not proceed unless authorized by the
aerodrome control tower.
5.4.2.2 Mandatory instruction signs shall include runway designation signs, category I,
II or III holding position signs, runway-holding position signs, road-holding position
signs and NO ENTRY signs.

Question N° 68
Correct Answer – A
Certification Specifications (CS) are non-binding technical standards adopted by the
EASA to meet the essential requirements of the Basic Regulation. CSs are used to
establish the certification basis (CB) as described below. Should an aerodrome operator
not meet the recommendation of the CS, they may propose an Equivalent Level of
Safety (ELOS) that demonstrates how they meet the intent of the CS. As part of an
agreed CB, the CS become binding on an individual basis to the applicant.

Question N° 69
Correct Answer – D
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 14
3.12 Holding bays, runway-holding positions, intermediate holding positions and
road-holding positions
3.12.5 A road-holding position shall be established at an intersection of a road with a
runway.
Question N° 70
Correct Answer – C
ICAO Annex 2
3.2 Avoidance of collisions
3.2.2 Right-of-way
3.2.2.3 Converging. When two aircraft are converging at approximately the same level,
the aircraft that has the other on its right shall give way, except as follows:
a) power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft shall give way to airships, gliders and
balloons;
b) airships shall give way to gliders and balloons;
c) gliders shall give way to balloons;
d) power-driven aircraft shall give way to aircraft which are seen to be towing
other aircraft or objects.

 Oder of priority: Ballons => Gliders => Airships => Towing aircraft =>
Power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft
Question N° 71
Correct Answer – D
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 965/2012 of 5 October 2012
Article 1. Subject matter and scope
1. This Regulation lays down detailed rules for air operations with aeroplanes and
helicopters, including ramp inspections of aircraft of operators under the safety
oversight of another State when landed at aerodromes located in the territory subject to
the provisions of the Treaties.
2. This Regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions for issuing,
maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking the certificates of operators of
aircraft referred to in points (b)(i) and (ii) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU)
2018/1139, except for balloons and sailplanes, engaged in commercial air transport
operation, the privileges and responsibilities of the holders of certificates as well as
conditions under which operations shall be prohibited, limited or subject to certain
conditions in the interest of safety;
3. This Regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions and procedures for
the declaration by operators engaged in commercial specialised operations of
aeroplanes and helicopters or in non-commercial operation of complex motor-powered
aircraft, including non-commercial specialised operations of complex motor-powered
aircraft, of their capability and the availability of the means to discharge the
responsibilities associated with the operation of aircraft, and for the oversight of such
operators.]
4. This Regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions under which
certain high risk commercial specialised operations shall be subject to authorisation in
the interest of safety, and on the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending,
limiting, suspending or revoking the authorisations.

Question N° 72
Correct Answer – C
ICAO Doc 8168
Chapter 1 GENERAL NOISE ABATEMENT INFORMATION
1.1 Nothing in these procedures shall prevent the pilot -in-command from exercising
authority for the safe operation of the aeroplane.

Question N° 73
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 2
CHAPTER 5. INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES
5.1.2 Minimum levels Except when necessary for take-off or landing, or except when
specifically authorized by the appropriate authority, an IFR flight shall be flown at a
level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the State whose
territory is overflown, or, where no such minimum flight altitude has been established:
a) over high terrain or in mountainous areas, at a level which is at least 600 m (2
000 ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position
of the aircraft;
b) elsewhere than as specified in a), at a level which is at least 300 m (1 000 ft)
above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the
aircraft.

Question N° 74
Correct Answer – D
ICAO Doc 4444
Chapter 1. Definitions
AIRPROX. The code word used in an air traffic incident report to designate aircraft
proximity.
Aircraft proximity. A situation in which, in the opinion of a pilot or air traffic services
personnel, the distance between aircraft as well as their relative positions and speed
have been such that the safety of the aircraft involved may have been compromised. An
aircraft proximity is classified as follows:
Risk of collision. The risk classification of an aircraft proximity in which serious
risk of collision has existed.
Safety not assured. The risk classification of an aircraft proximity in which the
safety of the aircraft may have been compromised.
No risk of collision. The risk classification of an aircraft proximity in which no
risk of collision has existed.
Risk not determined. The risk classification of an aircraft proximity in which
insufficient information was available to determine the risk involved, or
inconclusive or conflicting evidence precluded such determination.

Question N° 75
Correct Answer – A
ICAO Annex 2
CHAPTER 5. INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES
5.1.2 Minimum levels Except when necessary for take-off or landing, or except when
specifically authorized by the appropriate authority, an IFR flight shall be flown at a
level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the State whose
territory is overflown, or, where no such minimum flight altitude has been established:
 a) over high terrain or in mountainous areas, at a level which is at least 600 m (2
000 ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position
of the aircraft;
b) elsewhere than as specified in a), at a level which is at least 300 m (1 000 ft)
above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position o f the
aircraft.

Question N° 76
Correct Answer – D
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 14
1.6 Reference code
1.6.1 An aerodrome reference code — code number and letter — which is selected for
aerodrome planning purposes shall be determined in accordance with the characteristics
of the aeroplane for which an aerodrome facility is intended.
1.6.2 The aerodrome reference code numbers and letters shall have the meanings
assigned to them in Table 1-1.
1.6.3 The code number for element 1 shall be determined from Table 1-1, column 1,
selecting the code number corresponding to the highest value of the aeroplane reference
field lengths of the aeroplanes for which the runway is intended.
Note.— The determination of the aeroplane reference field length is solely for the
selection of a code number and is not intended to influence the actual runway length
provided.
1.6.4 The code letter for element 2 shall be determined from Table 1-1, column 3, by
selecting the code letter which corresponds to the greatest wingspan, or the grea test
outer main gear wheel span, whichever gives the more demanding code letter of the
aeroplanes for which the facility is intended.
Question N° 77
Correct Answer – B
ICAO Annex 14
5.4.7 Road-holding position sign
Characteristics
5.4.7.3 A road-holding position sign shall consist of an inscription in white on a red
background.
5.4.7.4 The inscription on a road-holding position sign shall be in the national
language, be in conformity with the local traffic regulations and include the followin g:
a) a requirement to stop; and
b) where appropriate:
1) a requirement to obtain ATC clearance; and
2) location designator.

Question N° 78
Correct Answer – B
Refer to figures.
Learning Objective 010.13.03.01.01: Identify an occurrence as being either an
accident, incident or serious incident in Regulation (EU) No 996/2010 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2010 on the investigation and prevention
of accidents and incidents in civil aviation.
Regulation (EU) No. 996/2010
List of examples of serious incidents
The incidents listed are typical examples of incidents that are likely to be serious
incidents. The list is not exhaustive and only serves as guidance with respect to the
definition of ‘serious incident’:

 a near collision requiring an avoidance manoeuvre to avoid a collision or an

unsafe situation or when an avoidance action would have been appropriate,
 controlled flight into terrain only marginally avoided,
 aborted take-offs on a closed or engaged runway, on a taxiway, exclud ing
authorised operations by helicopters, or from an unassigned runway,
 take-offs from a closed or engaged runway, from a taxiway, excluding
authorised operations by helicopters, or from an unassigned runway,
 landings or attempted landings on a closed or engaged runway, on a taxiway,
excluding authorised operations by helicopters, or from an unassigned runway,
 gross failures to achieve predicted performance during take -off or initial climb,
 fires and smoke in the passenger compartment, in cargo compartments or engine
fires, even though such fires were extinguished by the use of extinguishing
agents,
 events requiring the emergency use of oxygen by the flight crew,
 aircraft structural failure or engine disintegration, including uncontained turbine
engine failures, not classified as an accident,
 multiple malfunctions of one or more aircraft systems seriously affecting the
operation of the aircraft,
 flight crew incapacitation in flight,
 fuel quantity requiring the declaration of an emergency by the pilot,
 runway incursions classified with severity A according to the Manual on the
Prevention of Runway Incursions (ICAO Doc 9870) which contains information
on the severity classifications,
 take-off or landing incidents. Incidents such as undershooting, overrunning or
running off the side of runways,
 system failures, weather phenomena, operation outside the approved flight
envelope or other occurrences which could have caused difficulties controlling
the aircraft,
 failure of more than one system in a redundancy system m andatory for flight
guidance and navigation.

As crew incapacitation is classed as a serious incident under ICAO Annex 13 and

Regulation (EU) No. 996/2010, then it must be reported as such directly to the National
Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authority without delay. (See annex above)
Now this does actually also constitute an MOR report, as it can be seen in other
questions. The serious incident report direct to the Safety Investigation Authority
would cover this, but an operator should be made aware of the serious incident also,
and may decide to send an MOR regardless, but it is not required.
Question N° 79
Correct Answer – A
ICAO ANNEX 17 - DEFINITIONS
Aircraft security check: "An inspection of the interior of an aircraft to which
passengers may have had access and an inspection of the hold for the purposes of
discovering suspicious objects, weapons, explosives or other dangerous devices,
articles and substances."

Question N° 80
Correct Answer – B
Refer to figures.
ICAO Annex 14 - Aerodromes
6.2.3.10 - In the case of an object to be lighted, one or more low-, medium- or high-
intensity obstacle lights shall be located as close as practicable to the top of the object.
There are two pages of specific rules and recommendations (refer to figures above)
within ICAO Annex 14 that dictate whether an obstacle should be marked or lighted or
both. In general, this question refers to obstacles that do require lighting, so these
criteria do not need to be known.
Question N° 81
Correct Answer – D
Refer to figure.
ICAO Doc 8168
2.1.4 References to vertical position
2.1.4.1 The vertical position of aircraft operating at or below the transition altitude
shall be expressed in terms of altitude. Vertical position at or above the transition level
shall be expressed in terms of flight levels. This terminology applies during:
a) climb;
b) en-route flight; and
c) approach and landing (except as provided for in 2.4.3, “References to vertical
positioning after approach clearance”).

Question N° 82
Correct Answer – C
ICAO Annex 8
3.2 Eligibility, issuance and continued validity of a Certificate of Airworthiness
3.2.1 A Certificate of Airworthiness shall be issued by a Contracting State on the basis
of satisfactory evidence that the aircraft complies with the design aspects of the
appropriate airworthiness requirements.
3.2.3 A Certificate of Airworthiness shall be renewed or shall remain valid, subject to
the laws of the State of Registry, provided that the State of Registry shall require that
the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft shall be determined by a periodial
inspection at appropriate intervals having regard to lapse of time and type of service or,
alternatively, by means of a system of inspection, approved by the State, that will
produce at least an equivalent result.
3.2.4 When an aircraft possessing a valid Certificate of Airworthiness issued by a
Contracting State is entered on the register of another Contracting State, the new State
of Registry, when issuing its Certificate of Airworthiness may consider the previous
Certificate of Airworthiness as satisfactory evidence, in whole or in part, that the
aircraft complies with the applicable Standards of this Annex through compliance with
the appropriate airworthiness requirements.

Question N° 83
Correct Answer – B
ICAO Annex 14
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
ACN - Aircraft classification number

2.6 Strength of pavements

2.6.1 The bearing strength of a pavement shall be determined.
2.6.2 The bearing strength of a pavement intended for aircraft of apron (ramp) mass
greater than 5 700 kg shall be made available using the aircraft classification number —
pavement classification number (ACN-PCN) method by reporting all of the following
information:
a) the pavement classification number (PCN );
b) pavement type for ACN-PCN determination;
c) subgrade strength category;
d) maximum allowable tire pressure category or maximum allowable tire pressure
value; and
e) evaluation method.
Note.— If necessary, PCNs may be published to an accuracy of one -tenth of a whole
number.

Question N° 84
Correct Answer – D
ICAO Annex 12
Appendix. Search And Rescue Signals
3. Air-to-ground signals
3.1 The following signals by aircraft mean that the ground signals have been
understood:
a) during the hours of daylight:
— by rocking the aircraft’s wings;
b) during the hours of darkness:
— flashing on and off twice the aircraft’s landing lights or, if not so equipped, by
switching on and off twice its navigation lights.
3.2 Lack of the above signal indicates that the grou nd signal is not understood.

Question N° 85
Correct Answer – D
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 14
Volume 1
Chapter 3
3.12 Holding bays, runway-holding positions, intermediate holding positions and road-
holding positions
General
3.12.1 Recommendation.- Holding bay(s) should be provided when the traffic density
is medium or heavy.
3.12.2 A runway-holding position or positions shall be established:
a) on the taxiway, at the intersection of a taxiway and a runway ; and
b) at an intersection of a runway with another runway when the former
runway is part of a standard taxi-route.
Question N° 86
Correct Answer – B
REGULATION (EC) No 216/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF
THE COUNCIL
CHAPTER II - SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS
Article 4
Basic principles and applicability
1. Aircraft, including any installed product, part and appliance, which are:
(a) designed or manufactured by an organisation for which the Agency or a
Member State ensures safety oversight; or
(...)

Question N° 87
Correct Answer – A
Expected approach time. The time at which ATC expects that an arriving aircraft,
following a delay, will leave the holding fix to complete its approach for a landing.
Note.— The actual time of leaving the holding fix will depend upon the approach
clearance.

Question N° 88
Correct Answer – B
Refer to figure.
ICAO Annex 2
Appendix 1 - 4. SIGNALS FOR AERODROME TRAFFIC
4.1 Light and pyrotechnic signals
From Aerodrome Control to Aircraft in-flight

 Steady green - Cleared to land

 Steady red - Give way to other aircraft and continue circling
 Series of green flashes - Return for landing*
 Series of red flashes - Aerodrome unsafe, do not land
 Series of white flashes - Land at this aerodrome and proceed to apron*
 Red pyrotechnic - Notwithstanding any previous instructions, do not land for the
time being

* Clearances to land and to taxi will be given in due course.

Question N° 89
Correct Answer – C
ICAO Doc 4444
4.5.7 Description of air traffic control clearances
4.5.7.1 CLEARANCE LIMIT
4.5.7.1.3 If an aircraft has been cleared to an intermediate point in adjacent controlled
airspace, the appropriate ATC unit will then be responsible for issuing, as soon as
practicable, an amended clearance to the destination aerodrome.