KZ^GKI HNRNUK\K]KI HNF^KULK MNILKI G@RNU]NIZ@

HNFACRAH <

RUALUKC Z]^M@ RUADNZ@ INUZ

DKH^F]KZ HNZNGK]KI
^I@TNUZ@]KZ IL^M@ \KF^PA
525;
 

HAIZNR KZ^GKI HNRNUK\K]KI

K. Rni
Rnilhk
lhko`k
o`ki
i
Rnilucpufki mktk hnfukrlk enrkskf mkr` enreklk` sucenr yk`tu wkwkijkrk,
aesnrvks` ruckg hnfukrlk mki dks`f`tksiyk, pnilkfkcki ykil m`fkparhki killatk
hnfukrlk.
;. Mktk ^cuc
k. Ikc
Ikck hnp
hnpkf
kfkk hnf
hnfuk
ukrl
rlkk
 e. ^cur 
j. Rnim`m`hki
m. Rnhnrokki
n. Kfkc
Kfkckt
kt mki ia tnfn
tnfnpa
pai i
d. Hacpas`s`s`
s` hnfukr
krl
lk

Hacpas`s` hnfukrlk tnrm`r` mkr` Lnialrkc : lninrks`.

;) ]`pn
`pn Hnfu
Hnfukr
krl
lk
Cnionfkshki cnilnik` t`pn/oni`s hnfukrlk ensnrtk hnimkfk ktku ckskfkg-
ckskfkg ykil tnrokm` pkmk hnfukrlk tnrsneut.
5) Zuhu
Cnilkhko` kskf usuf suhu ekilsk hnfukrlk snrtk cnil`mnit`d`hks` eumkyk
suhu ekilsk tnrsneut tnrhk`t mnilki hnsngktki.
:) Klkck
Cnilhko` klkck ykil m`kiut afng hnfukrlk snrtk hnpnrjkykki ykil mkpkt
cncpnilkrug` hnsngktki.
=) Ztktus
Ztktus sas`kf
sas`kf nhaia
nhaiac`
c` Hnfu
Hnfukrl
krlkk
Ztktus sas`kf nhaiac` hnfukrlk m`tnituhki afng pnimkpktki ek`h mkr` hnpkfk
hnfukr
hnfukrlk
lk ckupui
ckupui killat
killatkk hnfukr
hnfukrlk
lk fk`iiy
fk`iiyk.
k. Znfk`i
Znfk`i `tu sas`kf
sas`kf nhaiac
nhaiac``
hnfukrlk m`tnituhki pufk afng hneutugki-hneutugki ykil m`hnfukrhki afng
hnfukrlk snrtk ekrkil-ekrkil ykil m`c`f`h` afng hnfukrlk.
>) Kht`d
Kht`d`tks
`tks Unhrnks
Unhrnks`` Hnfukr
Hnfukrlk
lk

Unhr
Unhrnk
nks`
s` hn
hnfu
fukrl
krlkk t`mk
t`mkh
h gk
gkiy
iykk m`
m`f`
f`gk
gktt mk
mkr`
r` hk
hkpk
pki
i sk
skok
ok hn
hnfu
fukrl
krlkk pn
pnrl
rl``
 enrskck-skck uituh cniluiouil` tncpkt rnhrnks` tnrtnitu, ikcui mnilki
cniaitai tnfnv`s` mki cnimnilkrhki rkm`a oulk cnrupkhk kht`v`tks rnhrnks`.

5. U`wkykt ]kgkp Rnrhncekilki Hnfukrlk

k. ]kgkp Rnrhncekil
Rnrhncekilki
ki Hnfukrlk
Hnfukrlk Zkkt @i`
@i`

]kgkp pnrhncekilki hnfukrlk m`tnituhki afng kikh tnrtuk mkr`

hnfukrlk `i`.
 e. ]kgkp Rnrhncekilki Hnfukrlk ykil E
Enfuc
nfuc ]nrpniug`
Cnionfkshki pnrhncekilki hnfukrlk ykil enfuc tnrpniug`,
cnionfkshki cnilnik` tulks pnrhncekilki hnfukrukrlk ykil enfuc
tnrpniug`afng hnfukrlk snrtk hnimkfk-hnimkfk cnilkpk tulks
 pnrhncekilki tnrsneut enfuc tnrpniug`.
j. U`w
U`wkyk
kyktt hnfuk
hnfukrlk
rlk `it`
`it`

Cnionfk
Cnionfkshk
shki
i cnilni
cnilnik`
k` r`wkyk
r`wkyktt hnfukr
hnfukrlk
lk `it`
`it` cnf`pu
cnf`put`
t` r`wkyk
r`wkyktt
 

 pniykh`t hnturuiki, r`wkykt hnsngktki cks`il-cks`il killatk hnfukrlk,

 pnrgkt`ki hnfukrlk tnrgkmkp pnijnlkgk pniykh`t tnrcksuh stktus
`cui`sks`, sucenr pnfkykiki hnsngktki ykil e`ks m`luikhki hnfukrlk
mki pnilkfkcki tnrgkmkpk pnfkykiki hnsngktki.
m. U`
U`wk
wkyk
yktt hnfukrl
hnfukrlkk snenfu
snenfuci
ciyk
yk

Cnionfk
Cnionfkshk
shki
i cnilni
cnilnik`
k` r`wkyk
r`wkyktt hn
hnsngk
sngktki
tki hnfukr
hnfukrlk
lk mkr`
mkr` p`gkh 
p`gkh 
sukc` mki `str`.

;) F`
F`i
ilh
lhu
uil
ilki
ki

- Hkrkhtnr`st`h Uuckg

Hkrkhtnr`st`h ruckg m``mnit`d`hks` mnilki cnf`gkt fuks ruckg, t`pn

ruckg, oucfkg rukilki, oucfkg onimnfk, pnckidkktki rukilki, pnfntkhki
 pnrkeatki ruckg tkillk, oni`s snpt`j tkih, okrkh snpt`j tkih mnilki
sucenr k`r c`iuc ykil m`luikhki snrtk mnikg ruckg.
- Hkrkhtnr`st`h tntkillk mki cacui`tks U\

Cnionfkshki cnilnik` hkrkhtnr`st`h mkr` tntkillk mki hacui`tks

sntncpkt, ykil cnf`put` hne`kskki, f`ilhuilki d`s`h, kturki/hnsnpkhktki

 pnimumuh sntncpkt, eumkyk sntncpkt
sntncpkt ykil cncpnilkrug` hnsngktki.
- Cae`f`tks lnalrkd`s hnfurklk
Cae`f`tks lnalrkd`s hnfukrlk m`tnituhki mnilki cnf`gkt hne`kskki
hnfukrlk enrp`imkg tncpkt.

Rnrhucpufki Hnfukrlk mki `itnrkhs` mkfkc Cksykrkhkt

-
Cnionfkshki cnilnik` wkhtu ykil m`luikhki hnfukrlk uituh
 enrhucpuf snrtk pnrhucpufki hnfukrlk ykil kmk mki
mki snokugckik
`itnrkhs` hnfukrlk mnilki cksykrkhkt.

- Z`stnc Rnimuhuil Hnfukrlk

Oucfkg killatk hnfukrlk ykil sngkt, dks`f`tks-dks`ftks ykil m`c`fh`

hnfukrlk uituh cniuiokil hnsngktki cnijkhup dks`f`tks d`s`h, dks`f`tks
 ps`hafal`s ktku pnimuhuil mkr` killatk hnfukrlk mki dks`f`tks saj`kf ktku
muhuilki mkr` cksykrkhkt sntncpkt

5) Ztruhtur Hnfukrl
rlkk

- Rafk hacui`hks`

Cnionfkshki cnilnik` jkrk enrhacui`hks` kitkr killatk hnfukrlk.

- Ztruhtur Hnhuktki Hnfukrlk

Hnckcpuki killatk
killatk hnfukrlk cnilnimkf`hki mki
mki cncpnilkrug`
arkilfk`i uituh cnruekg pnr`fkhu.

- Ztruhtur Rnrki

Cnionfkshki pnrki mkr` cks`il-cks`il killatk hnfukrlk ek`h snjkrk

 

darckf ckupui `idarckf.

-  I`fk` mki Iarck Eumkyk

Cnionfkshki cnilnik` i`fk` mki iarck ykil m`kiut afng hnfukrlk,
ykilenrgueuilki mnilki hnsngktki.
:) Duils` Hnfukrlk

- Duils` Kdnht`d 

Gkf ykil
ykil pnrfu
pnrfu m`hko`
m`hko` yk`tu
yk`tu lkcekr
lkcekrki
ki m`r`
m`r` killat
killatkk hnfukr
hnfukrlk,
lk,
 pnrskki cnc`f`h` mki m`c`f`h` mkfkc hnfukrlk, muhuilki hnfukrlk
tnrgkmkp killatk hnfukrlk fk`iiyk.
- Duils` Zas`kf`sks`

M`hko` eklk`ckik `itnrkhs` ktku gueuilki mkfkc hnfukrlk, snokug

ckik killatk hnfukrlk enfkokr m`s`pf`i, iarck, eumkyk snrtk pnr`fkhu.
- Duils` Rnrkwktki Hnfukrlk

Cnionfk
Cnio nfksh
shki
ki snoku
snokug
g ckik
ckik hn hnfu
fukrl
krlkk cniy
cniynm
nm`kh
`khki
ki ckhk
ckhkikiki,
i,
 pkhk`ki,pnrf`imuilki snrtk cnrkwkt killatk hnfukrlk yl skh`t. Znokug
ckik pnilntkguki hnfukrlk cnilnik` sngkt skh`t. Hnskillupki hnfukrlk
m`mk
m`mkfk
fkc
c cnfk
cnfkhs
hski
kikh
khki
ki pnrk
pnrkwk
wktk
tki
i hn hnsn
sngk
gktk
tki
i mkmkpk
pktt m`
m`f`
f`gk
gktt mk
mkr`
r`
hnckcpuki
hnckc puki hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk cnfkhskikhk
cnfkhskikhki i > tulks hnsngktkihnfukrl
hnsngktkihnfukrlk,k, yk`tu
hnfukrlk
hnfuk rlk ckcpu
ckcpu cnilnikf
cnilnikf ckskfkg hnsngktki, cnilkce`f hnputuskihnputuski
uituh cnfkhuhki t`imkhki, cnfkhuhki pnrkwktki tnrgkmkp killatk ykil
skh`t,cnij`ptkhki f`ilhuilki ykil mkpkt cni`ilhkthki hnsngktki mki
hn
hnfu
fukr
krlk
lk ckcp
ckcpu u cnck
cnckid
idkkt
kkthk
hki
i dkdks`f
s`f`t
`tks
ks hnhnsng
sngkt
ktki
ki ykykil
il tntnrm
rmkp
kpkt
kt
m`f`ilhuilki sntncpkt.

- Duils` rnpramuhs`

Gkf ykil pnrfu m`hko` cnilnik` duils` rnpramuhs` hnfukrlk

kmkfkg?
k. Enrkpk
Enrkpk oukcfk
oukcfkg
g kikh1
kikh1

 e. Kpkhkg rnijkik hnfukrlk enrhk`tki mnilki oucfkg kill

killatk
atk
hnfukrlk1
j. Cntamn
Cntamn ykil m`luikhki
m`luikhki hnfukrlk mkfkc upky
upkykk cnilnimkf`h
cnilnimkf`hki
ki
 oucfkg killatk hnfukrlk1
=) Duils` nhaiac`

Gkf ykil pnrfu m`hko` cnilnik` duils` nhaiac` hnfukrlk kmkfkg?

k. Znokug
Znokug ckik hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk cncniug`
cncniug` hneutugki
hneutugki skimkil,
skimkil, pkilki
pkilki
mki pkpki
 e. Znokug ckik hnfukrlk cnckidkkthki sucenr ykil kmk
m`ck
m`cksy
sykr
krkh
khkt
kt mkfk
mkfkc
c upkyk
pkyk pn
pni`
i`il
ilhk
hktk
tki
i stkt
stktus
us hn
hnsn
sngk
gktk
tki
i
hnfukrlk
n. Ztr
Ztrnss
nss mki
mki hap`il
hap`il hnfu
hnfukrl
krlkk

;) Ztrn
Ztrnss
ssa
ar ooki
kil
lhk pni
pnimnh 
mnh 
 

Ztrnssar ykil m`kfkc` hnfukrlk

Ztrnssar hnfukrlk ykil cncnrfuhki
cncnrfuhki pniynfnsk`ki
pniynfnsk`ki
mkfkc wkhtu hurkil mkr` nikc eufki.
5) Ztrn
Ztrnss
ssa
ar oki
okil
lhk pki
pkiokil
okil

Ztrnssar ykil m` kfkc` hnfukrlk ykil cncnrfuhki pniynfnsk`ki

mkfkc wkhtu fne`g mkr` nikceufki.
:) Hnck
Hnckcp
cpuk
ukii Hnfuk
Hnfukrl
rlkk Enrnsp
Enrnspai
ai tnrg
tnrgkm
kmkp
kp Ckskf
Ckskfkg
kg

Ztrnssar m`hko` snokugckik hnfukrlk enrnspai tnrgkmkp strnssar 

=) Ztrk
Ztrktn
tnl`
l` hap
hap`i
`il
l ykil
ykil m`l
m`lui
uikh
khki
ki

M`hko` strktnl` hap`il ykil m`luikhki hnfukrlk e`fk cnigkmkp`

 pnrckskfkgki/strnss.
>) Ztrk
Ztrktn
tnl`
l` kmkp
kmkptk
tks`
s` m`s
`sdu
duil
ils`
s`ai
aikf
kf

M`
M`on
onfk
fksh
shki
ki cnin
cninlilik`
k` st
strkt
rktnl
nl`` km
kmkp
kptk
tks`
s` m`
m`sdu
sduil
ils`a
s`aik
ikff yk
ykil
il
m`luikhki hnfukrlk e`fk cnilgkmkp` pnrcksfkgki/strnss.

4) Rncnr`hskki dd``s`h  
Rncnr`hskki d`s`h m`fkhuhki pkmk sncuk killatk hnfukrlk, cntamn
ykil m`luikhki skckmnilki pncnr`hskki d`s`h hf`i`h gnkm ta tan.
E. M`kli
M`kliask
ask Hnpnrkwktki
Hnpnrkwktki Hnfukrlk
Hnfukrlk

M`kliask
M`klia sk hnpnrk
hnpnrkwkt
wktki
ki hnfukr
hnfukrlk
lk cnrupk
cnrupkhki
hki pnrpki
pnrpkioki
okilki
lki m`klia
m`klias`s
s`s hn
systnc hnfukrlk mki sues`tnciyk snrtk cnrupkhki gks`f pnilhko`ki hnpnrkwktki.
M`
M`kl
klia
ias`s
s`s hn
hnpn
pnrkw
rkwktk
ktki
i hnhnfu
fukr
krlk
lk tnrck
tnrcksu
suhh ckskf
ckskfkg
kg hnhnsng
sngkt
ktki
ki kh
khtu
tukf
kf mk
mki
i
 patnis`kf mnilki pnrkwkt hnfukrlk ykil cnc`f`h` hnckcpuki mki cnimkpkthki
f`snis` uituh cnikilki`iyk enrmkskrhki pnim`m`hki mki pnilkfkcki (Dr`nmcki,
52;2). ]`pafal` mkr` m`kliask hnpnrwktki yk`tu ?
;. M`kliask
M`kliask hnpnrkwktki
hnpnrkwktki hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk khtukf
khtukf (tnrokm`
(tnrokm` mnd`s`t/lki
mnd`s`t/lkilluki
lluki hnsngktki).
hnsngktki).
5. M`klia
M`kliask
sk hnpnrwk
hnpnrwktki
tki hnfukr
hnfukrlk
lk rns`ha
rns`ha (kijkcki)
(kijkcki) m`rucus
m`rucushkihki kpke`f
kpke`fkk sumkg
kmk mktk ykil cniuiokil ikcui enfuc tnrokm` lkilluki.
:. M`
M`kl
klia
iask
sk hn
hnpn
pnrkw
rkwkt
ktki
ki hn
hnfu
fukr
krlk
lk snokg
snokgtn
tnrk
rk (p
(pat
atni
nis`
s`kf
kf)) cnru
cnrupk
pkhk
hki
i sukt
suktu
u
hn
hnmk
mkki
ki m`ck
m`ckik
ik hnhnfu
fukrl
krlkk mk
mkfkc
fkc ha
haim
im`s`
`s` snokg
snokgtnr
tnrkk sng`i
sng`ill
llkk hn
hnsng
sngkt
ktki
ki
hnfukrlk mkpkt m`t`ilhkthki.
 

Hncuilh`iki m`kliask hnpnrkwktki ykil cuijuf pkmk hnfukrlk mnilki

ckskfkg g`pnrtnis` yk`tu ?
;) (M.22;<)
(M.22;<) U`s`ha
U`s`ha pnrdus`
pnrdus` snrnerkf
snrnerkf t`mkh ndnht`d enrgueuil
enrgueuilki
ki
mnilki hnt`mkhckcpuki hnukrlk mkfkc cnilnikf ckskfkg
5) (M.2
(M.22:2:4)
4)U`
U`s`h
s`ha
a hn
hnt`
t`mk
mkhs
hsn`
n`ce
ceki
kilk
lkii jk
jk`rk
`rki
i en
enrg
rgue
ueui
uilk
lki
i
mnilki
mnil ki hnt`mkhckcpuki hnfukrlk mkfkc cnilnikf ckskfkg

:) (M.22<<)
(M.22<<) Iynr`
Iynr` khut enrgueuil
enrgueuilki ki mnilki
mnilki hnt`mkhc
hnt`mkhckcpuki
kcpuki
hnfukrlk mkfkc cnilnikf ckskfkg
=) (M.
(M.22
22>4>4)) @i@ita
tafn
fnrk
rki
is` kh kht`
t`v
v`tks
`tks enr nrg
gue
ueui
uilk
lki
i mninilk
lkii
hnt`mkhckcpuki hnfukrlk mkfkc cnrkwktk hnfukrlk ykil
skh`t
>) (M.220
(M.220:):) Hnt`mk
Hnt`mkhck
hckcpcpuki
uki ha
hap`i
p`ill hnfukr
hnfukrlk
lk enrgue
enrgueuil
uilki
ki
mnil
mnilkiki hnt`
hnt`mk
mkhc
hckckcpupuki
ki hn hnfu
fukr
krlk
lk mk mkfk
fkc
c cnil
cnilni
nikf
kf
ckskfkg
4) (M.
(M.2;
2;:4:4)) Uns`
Uns`h
ha jnmn
jnmnrkrk enr
nrg
gueu
euil
ilki
ki mni
nil
lki
hnt`mkhckc
hnt`m khckcpuki
puki hnfukrlk mkfkc cnrkwktcnrkwkt hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk ykil
skh`t

J. Zhkfk pr`ar`tks
pr`ar`tks ckskfkg
ckskfkg

 Ia Hr`tnr`k Zharn Eaeat Rncenikrki

;. Z`dkt ck
ckskfkg?
k. Khtukf : ;
 e. Uns`ha 5
j. ]`ill` ;
5. Hncuilh`iki ckskfkg
mkpkt m`uekg ? 5
k. ]`ill` 5
 e. Znmkil ;
j. Unimkg 2
=. Ratni
atnis`
s`kf
kf uitu
ituh mm`j
`jnl
nlkg
kg
k. Cumkg : ;
 e. Juhup 5
j. ]`mkh mk mkpkt ;
>. Cniaioafiyk cks ckskfk
kfkg
k. Ckskfkg 5 ;
m`r
`rks
kskh
khki
ki mki
 pnrfu snlnrk
;
m`tkilki`
2
 e. Ckskfkg
m`rkskhki
j. Ckskfkg t`mkh  
m`rkskhki
]atkf sharn
Zucenr ? Rkm`fk, (52;5)
 

Hntnrkilki ?

]atkf Zhar m`mkpkthki

m`mkpkthki mnilki ? Zhar (tatkf i`fk` hr`tnr`k) x Eaeat
  Kilhk tnrt`ill` mkfkc shar 
  3I`fk`

Jkrk cnfkhuhki Zhar`il kmkfkg ?

k. ]nituh
]nituhki
ki shar
shar uituh
uituh snt`kp
snt`kp hr`t
hr`tnr`k
nr`k
 e. Zhar m`ekl` mnilki kilhk
kilhk tnrt`ill` mki hkf`hki mnilki eaea
eaeatt

j. Oucf
Oucfkg
kg shar
shar uit
uituh
uh snc
sncuk
uk hr`
hr`tn
tnr`k
r`k
 

m. ]nituhki
]nituhki shar,
shar, i`fk`
i`fk` tnrt`ill`
tnrt`ill` cninitu
cninituhki
hki urutki
urutki iacar
iacar m`klia
m`kliask
sk
hnpnrkwktki hnfukrlk

M. @itnrvnis`
@itnrvnis` hnpnrkwktki
hnpnrkwktki hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk

@itnrvnis` hnpnrkwktki hnfukrlk m`eukt enrmkskrhki pnilhko`ki, m`klias`s

hnpn
hnpnrk
rkwk
wktk
tki,
i, pnri
pnriyk
yktk
tkki
ki hnfu
hnfukr
krlk
lk,, mk
mki
i pnpnrn
rnij
ijki
kikk
kkii hn
hnfu
fukr
krlk
lk,, mn
mnil
ilki
ki
cnrucushki tuouki, cnil`mnit`d`hks` strktnl` `itnrvnis` kftnrikt`vn mki sucenr,
snrtk cninituhki pr`ar`tks, `itnrvnis` t`mkh enrs`dkt rut`i, kjkh, ktku stkimkr,
tntkp` m`rkijkil ekl` hnfukrlk tnrtnitu mnilki s`kpk pnrkwkt hnfukrlk snmkil
 enhnrok (Dr`nmcki, 52;2). Fk`i gkfiyk cniurut Rkm`fk (52;5) `itnrvnis`
hnpnrkwktki hnfukrlk tnrm`r` mkr` pnintkpki tuouki, cnijkhup tuouki ucuc mki
tuouki hgusus, rnijkik `itnrvnis` snrtk m`fnilhkp` mnilki rnijkik nvkfuks` ykil
cncukt hr`tnr`k stkimkr. ]uouki m`rucushki snjkrk spns`d`h, mkpkt m`uhur, mkpkt
m`jkpk`, rks`aikf mki cniuiouhhki wkhtu.

N. Unijki
Unijkikk Ksugki
Ksugki Hnpnrk
Hnpnrkwkt
wktki
ki Hnfukr
Hnfukrlk
lk

Enrmkskrhki pnilhko`ki
Enrmkskrhki pnilhko`ki ksugki hnpnrkwktki
hnpnrkwktki hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk ckhk m`kliask
m`kliask
hnpnrkwktki hnfukrlk ykil cuilh`i cuijuf yk`tu ?

 Ia ZMH@ ZFH@ Z@H@

; (M.22;<) U`s`ha (F.252;=) Rnrdus` Znrnerkf (@.;5:40) Nmuhks` m`nt
 pnrdus` snrnerkf
Mnd`i`s`
Mnd`i `s` ? hn
hnkm
kmnh
nhuk
uktk
tki
i kfkf`rk
`rki
i Aesnrvks`
t`mkh ndnht`d 
mkrkg snrnerkf uituh cniuiokil
 @mnit`
@mnit`d`h
d`hks`
ks` hnckcp
hnckcpuki
uki
duils` atkh.
 pks`ni mki hnfukrlk
Zntnfkg m`fkhuhki t`imkhki
cninr`ck `idarcks`
hn
hnpn
pnrk
rkwk
wktk
tki
i sn
snfk
fkck
ck ;x ;x5=
5= ok okc
c
]nrkpnut`h 
m`gkrkphki hnfukrlk mkpkt
 Znm`khki rnijkik
cnilntkgu` r`s`ha pnrdus`
ckhkiki tnrtuf`s
snrnerkf. Mnilki hnr`tnr`k gks`f Nmuhks`
 ]`ilhkt hnskmkrki ; 5 : =
 Onfkshki tuouki hnpktugki
>
m`nt tnrgkmkp hnsngktki
 Zkh`t hnpkfk ; 5 : = >
 @i
@ida
darc
rcks`
ks`hk
hki
i ckhk
ckhkik
iki
i
 Lnf`skg ; 5 : = > ykil
yki l m`pnre
m`pnreafn
afnghk
ghki
i mki
 Hnjnckski ; 5 : = > m`fkrkil

 Mnckc ; 5 : = >  Kokrhki jkrk

cnrnij
cnrnijkik
kikhki
hki ckhkik
ckhkikii
ykil snsuk` pralrkc

Hafkearks`
 Uuo
uouuh hnkg
nkgf` l`z
`z`` mki
 

snrtkhki hnfukrlk
5 M.22:4)U`s`ha (F.2:252) Hnsn`cekilki jk`rki (@.;5=>>) Nmuhks` tnrkp` jk`rki
hnt`mkhsn`cekilki
Mnd`i`s`
Mnd`i `s` ? Nhu`
Nhu`f`
f`er
er`u
`uc
c ki kitkr
tkrkk Aesnnvks`
jk`rki
vafucn jk`rki m` rukil
 @mnit`d`hks` hns`kpki mki
@mnit`d`hks`
`i
`itr
trksn
ksnfu
fufkr
fkr mk
mkii nhnhst
strks
rksnf
nfuf
ufkr 
kr 
hn
hnck
ckcp
cpukuki
i cnin
cninr`
r`ck
ck
tueug.
Zntnfkg m`fkhuhki t`imkhki `idarcks`
]nrkpnut`h 
hn
hnpn
pnrk
rkwk
wktk
tki
i sn
snfk
fkck
ck ;x
;x5=
5= ok
okc
c
m`gkrkphki hnfukrlk mkpkt  Enr`hki hnsncpktki
uituh enrtkiyk
cnilntkgu` hnsn`cekilki jk`rki.
Nmuhks`
Mnilki hnr`tnr`k gks`f ?
 Ksupki jk`rki ; 5 : = >  Onfkshki pnit`iliyk
jk`rki ekl`itueug
 Gkfukrki jk`rki ; 5 : = >
 Onfkshki oni`s mki duils`
 Nmnck ; 5 : = >
jk`rki ekl` tueug


Mng`mrks` ; 5 : = >
 Cncerki cuhask ; 5 : =
>
M.22<<) Iynr` khut
: (F.27244) ]`ilhkt Iynr` (@.
(@.;5
;5:0
:0;)
;) Nmuh
Nmuhks
ks`` ckik
ckikon
oncn
cni
i
iynr`
Mnd`i`s` ? Rnilkckfki snisar`h 
ktku ncas`aikf
ncas`aikf ykil enrhk`tki Aesnrvks`
mni
mnilki
lki hnru
hnruskskhk
hki
i ok
okr`
r`i
ilki
lki
 @mnit`
@mnit`d`h
d`hks`
ks` hnckcp
hnckcpuki
uki
khtukf ktku duils`aikf
duils`aikf,, mnilki
mnilki
 pks`ni mki hnfukrlk
ai
aisn
sntt cnim
cnimkmkmkh
kh ktku
ktku fkfkce
cekt
kt
cninr`ck `idarcks`
mki enr`itnis`tks r`ilki g`illk
 enrkt mki haistki. ]nrkpnut`h 
Zntnfkg m`fkhuhki t`imkhki
 Znm`khki cktnr` mki
hn
hnpn
pnrkrkwk
wktk
tki
i snsnfk
fkck
ck ;x;x5=
5= okokcc cnm`k pnim`m`hki
m`gkrkphki hnfukrlk mkpkt hnsngktki

cnilntkgu` t`ilhkt iynr`.  Enr`hki hnsncpktki

Mnilki hnr`tnr`k gks`f ? uituh enrtkiyk

 Hnfugki iynr` ; 5 : = > Nmuhks`

 Lnf`skg ; 5 : = >  Onfkshki pniyneke,

 pnr`amn mki strktnl`
 Hnsuf`tki t`mur ; 5 : = >
cnrnmkhki iynr`
 Cnikr`h m`r` ; 5 : = >

Kokrhki tnhi`h  
  Ikpsu ckhki ; 5 : = > ia
iaid
idkr
krck
ckha
hafa
fal`
l` ui
uitu
tuh 
h 
 

cnilurkil` rksk iynr`

(M.22>4) @itafnrkis`
= (F.2>2=<) ]afnrkis` Kht`v`tks (@.2>;74) ]nrkp` kht`v`tks
kht`v`tks ykil skh`t
Mnd`i`
Mnd` i`s`
s` ? rn
rnsp
spai
ai d` d`s`
s`af
afal
al`s
`s Aesnrvks`
tnrgkmkp kht`v`tks ykil
 @mnit`d`hks` mnd`s`t t`ilhkt
cnceutughki hnfukrlk.
kht`v`tks
Zntnfkg m`fkhuhki t`imkhki ]nrkpnut`h 
hn
hnpn
pnrk
rkwk
wktk
tki
i snsnfk
fkck
ck ;x
;x5=
5= okokc
c
m`gkrkphki hnfukrlk mkpkt  Haarm`iks`hki
Haarm`iks`hki pnc`f`gki
pnc`f`gki
kht`v`tks
cnilntkgu` tafnrkis` kht`v`tks.
Mnilki hnr`tnr`k gks`f ?  Dk
Dks`
s`f`
f`tk
tks`
s` kh
kht`
t`v`
v`tks
tks d`s`
d`s`h 
h 
rut`i
 Hncumkgki mkfkc
 F`ekthki hnfukrlk
F`ekthki hnfukrlk mkfkc
cnfk
cn fkh
huh
uhki
ki kh
kht`
t`v`
v`tk
tkss
kht`v`tks
sngkr`-gkr` ; 5 : = >
Nmuhks`
 Hnfugki fnfkg ; 5 : = >
 Kokrhk
Kokrhki
i jkrk cnfkhu
cnfkhuhki
hki

Rnrkskki fnckg ; 5 : = kht`v`tks ykil m`p`f`g
>
 Kiourhki
Kiourh ki tnrf`e
tnrf`ekt
kt mkfkc
mkfkc
 Hnjnpktki enrokfki ; 5 : kht`v`
kht`v`tks
tks hnfacp
hnfacpahah ktku
=> tnrkp`
> (M.220:) (F.20277) Ztktus hap`il (@.
(@.20
2054
542)
2) Muhu
Muhuil
ilki
ki hap
ap`i
`il
l
Hnt`mkhckcpuki hnfukrlk hnfukrlk
hap`il hnfukrlk
Mnd`i`
Mnd`i`s`
s` ? pnr`
pnr`fk
fkhu
hu ki
kill
llatatkk Aenrvks`
hnfukr
hnfukrlk
lk mktndtv
mktndtv cnimuh
cnimuhuil
uil,,
 @mnit`d`hks` rnspai
cncenr` rksk iykcki,
ncas`aikf tnrgkmkp
cnc
cn cekit
ekitu
u mkimki cnca ncat`vk
t`vks`
s`
haim`s` skkt `i`
killatk hnfukrlk fk`i ykil skh`t ]nrkpnut`h 
tnrgkmkp hnckcpuki
 enrkmkptks`, cnilnfafk mki
 Mnilkrhki ckskfkg,
cnilktks` ckskfkg hnsngktki.
 pnrkskki mki pnrtkiykki
Zntnfkg m`fkhuhki t`imkhki
hnfukrlk
hn
hnpn
pnrk
rkwk
wktk
tki
i sn
snfk
fkck
ck ;x
;x5=
5= ok
okc
c
 Gkrlk` mki muhuil
m`gkrkphki hnfukrlk mkpkt cnhki`scn hap`il
cnil
cn ilnt
ntkg
kgu`
u` hap`
hap`il
il hn hnfu
fukr
krlk
lk.. kmkpt`d
Mnilki hrt`tnr`k gks`f ? Nmuhks`
 Rnrkskki m`kek`hki ; 5 : =  @idarcks`hk
@idarcks`hki
i hnckouhki
hnckouhki

>  pks`ni enrhktk

 Hnhg
Hnhgkw
kwkt
kt`r
`rki
ki ki
kill
llat
atkk Hafkearks`
 

hnfukrlk ; 5 : = >
 Cnruou
Cnru ouh
h uit
itu
uh tn
tnrk
rkp
p`
 Hacui`hks` kitkrk hnfukrlk
killatk hnfukrlk ; 5 : = >
 Rnrkskki tnrtnhki ; 5 : = >
4 (M.2;:4) Uns`ha (F.;=;54) Hnkckiki (@.;5:
(@.;5:7:)
7:) Nmuhk
Nmuhks`
s` hnsnfk
hnsnfkckt
cktki
ki

jnmnrk f`ilhuilki hnfukrlk f`ilhuilki

Mnd`i`s` ? pnilkturki rukil mki Aesnrvks`
 pnrkeatki uituh cnijnlkg
 @mnit`
@mnit`d`h
d`hks`
ks` hnckcp
hnckcpukiuki
tnr
nrookm`iyk jnmnrk d`s`h s`h m`
 pks`ni mki hnfukrlk
ruckg.
cninr`ck `idarcks`
Zntnfkg m`fkhuhki t`imkhki
hn
hnpn
pnrk
rkwk
wktk
tkii snsnfk
fkck
ck ;x;x5=
5= okokc
c  @mnit`d`hks` ekgkyk
hnkckiki m` f`ilhuilki
m`gkrkphki hnfukrlk mkpkt
]nrkpnut`h 
cnilnt
cni lntkgu
kgu`` hnkcki
hnkckiki.
ki. Mnilki
Mnilki
hr`tnr`k gks`f ?  Ok
Okmw
mwkf
kfhk
hkii pn
pnim
im`m
`m`h
`hki
ki
hnsngktki snsuk`

Hnenrs`gki cniy`cpki ; hnsnpkhktki
5:=>
Nmuhks`
 Hnkc
Hn kckikiki
ki huiuij`
j` pkmkmkk
 Cnilkiourhki
 p`itu ; 5 : = > cniynm`khki kfkt ekitu
 Hnkc
Hnkcki
kiki
ki cniy
cniy`c
`cpk
pki
i
 Cnilkiourhki
aekt ; 5 : = > cnilluikhki kfkt ekitu
 Hntn
Hntnrsn
rsnm`
m`kki
kki pn
pnrk
rkil
ilhk
hktt Hafkearks`
 ekitu ; 5 : = >  Cnilhafkearks`hki
mnilki
mnilki p`gkh
p`gkh fk`i uituh 
uituh 
cni`ilhkthki
cni`ilhkthki hnkckiki
hnkckiki
failhuilki
 

KZ^GKI HNRNUK\K]KI HNF^KULK

K. Rrkht`h
Rrkht`h Rnilh
Rnilhko`
ko`ki
ki Hnfukr
Hnfukrlk
lk
Darckt pnilhko`ki hnpnrkwktki hnfukrlk cniurut Dr`nmcki ?
;. @mnit`
@mnit`tks
tks ^cuc
^cuc Hnfukrlk
Hnfukrlk
- @mnit`tks Hnpkfk Hnfukrlk
-  Ikck ? Iy. K
- ^cur ? => tkgui
- Klkck ? @sfkc
- Zuhu ? Okwk
- Rnim`m`hki ? ZF]K
- Rnhnrokki ? Raf`s`
- Kfkckt ? Of. ^ilkrki Ekrkt
-  Iacar ]nfpai ? 27;xxxxxxxxx

5. Hacpas`s` Hnfukrlk

 Ia Ikck F/R ^cur Gue. Rnhnrokki Rnim`m`hki Hnt

Hfl
; ]i. M F >2 tg Zukc` Raf`s` ZF]K Zngkt
5  Iy. K R => tg @str` Raf`s` ZF]K Zkh`t
: Ki. F R 52 tg Kikh  Enfuc hnrok ZF]K Zngkt
= Ki. N R ;= tg Kikh  Enfuc hnrok ZF]R Zngkt

:. Lnialrkc

Hntnrkilki ?

? Rnrncpuki

? Fkh`-fkh`

? Lkr`s pnri`hkgki

? Lkr`s hnturuiki
 

?]`illkf snruckg
? Rks`ni
? Cni`illkf

=. ]`pn Hnfukrlk ?
- Oni`s t`pn hnfukrlk ? Hnfukrlk `it` tnrm`r` ]i. M, Iy. K, mki hnmuk kikh hkimuil
- Ckskfkg ykil tnrokm` mnilki t`pn tnrsneut ? Iy. K cnilktkhki t`mkh kmk ckskfkg

ykil tnrokm` m` hnfukrlkiyk

>. Zuhu Ekilsk ?
k. Kskf suhu
suhu ekilsk
ekilsk ? Okwk
Okwk ‚ @imains`
@imains`k.
k. ]i. M mki Iy.
Iy. K enrkskf mkr`
mkr` ^ilkrki
^ilkrki
 e. Eumkyk ykil enrgueuilki
enrgueuilki mnilki Hnsngktki ? Iy. K cnilktkhki
cnilktkhki m`
f`ilhuilki tncpkt t`illkfiyk
t`illkfiyk t`mkh kmk eumkyk ykil
ykil enrgueuilki mnilki
hnsngktki
j. Klkck mkimki hnpnrjkyk
hnpnrjkykki
ki ykil cncpnilkru
cncpnilkrug` g` Hnsngktki
Hnsngktki ? Iy. K cnilktkhki
cnilktkhki
 enrklkck `sfkc, mki t`mkh kmk hnpnrjkykki ykil cncpnilkrug`
cncpnilkrug` mki
 enrmkcpkh euruh pkmk hnsngktkiiyk.
4. Ztktus Zas`kf Nhaiac` Hnfukrlk ?
k. Killatk
Killatk hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk ykil
ykil cnijkr`
cnijkr` ikdhkg
ikdhkg ? Iy. K cnilktkhki
cnilktkhki ykil
ykil cnijkr`
cnijkr`
ikdhkg uituh hnfukrlkiyk yk`tu Iy.K mki Zukc`iyk.
 e. Rnilgks`fki ? ]i.M cnilktkhki pnilgks`fki
pnilgks`fki `str`iyk snt`kp eufki yk`tu »
>.222.222
j. ^pkyk fk`i ? ]i.M
]i.M cnilkt
cnilktkhki
khki `k enhnrok
enhnrok snt`kp okc hnrok
hnrok mki snfkfu
snfkfu s`euh
s`euh
 pufkil ckfkc
m. Gkrtk enimk
enimk ykil
ykil m`c`f`h`
m`c`f`h` (pnrkeat,
(pnrkeat, trkispa
trkispartks`,
rtks`, mff)
mff) ? ]i. M cnilkt
cnilktkhki
khki
hnfukrlkiyk cnc`f`h` 5 cae`f, mki 5 snpnmk catar. Rnrkeatki m` ruckg
tnrjuhup` mki tnrkwktt.
n. Hneutugki
Hneutugki ykil
ykil m`hnfukr
m`hnfukrhki
hki t`kp eufki ? ]i.M
]i.M cnilktk
cnilktkhki hki hneutugki
hneutugki ykil
ykil
m`hnfukrhki afng hnfukrlkiyk t`kp eufkiiyk » :.22.222. ^ituh ukil skhu
kikh, mki uituh hneutugki sngkr`-gkr`.
d. Kht`v`tks
Kht`v`tks Unhrnks`
Unhrnks` Hnfukrlk
Hnfukrlk ? ]i. M cnilktk
cnilktkhki
hki hnfukrl
hnfukrlkiyk
kiyk cnfkhuhki
cnfkhuhki
rnhrnks` snekiykh ;-5 hkf` mkfkc sneufki.
<. U`wkykt mki tkgkp pnrhncekilki hnfukrlk
k. ]kgkp pnrhncekilk
pnrhncekilki i hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk skkt
skkt `i` (m`tnitu
(m`tnituhki
hki mnilki
mnilki kikh
kikh tnrtuk)
tnrtuk)
]i. M cnilktkhki kikh pnrtkckiyk snhkrkil enrucur 52 tkgui, mki hnfukrlk
 enrkmk pkmk tkgkp pnrhncekilki hnfukrlk mnilki kikh kikh us`k mnwksk.
 e. ]kgkp pnrhncekilki hnfukrlk ykil enfucenfuc tnrpniug` mki hnimkfkiyk
]i.M cnilktkhki t`mkh kmk tkgkp pnrhncekilki hnfukrlk ykil enfuc
tnrpniug`. Kikh pnrtkck enrus`k 52 tkgui mki kikh hnmuk enrus`k ;= tkgui
cks`g enrsnhafkg, cks`il-cks`il huf`kg mki ZCR. ]i. M mki Iy. K
cnilktkhki hacui`hks` mnilki kikh-kikhiyk enrs`dkt tnreuhk mki cks`il-
cks`il kikh tkgu khki tulks mki hnwko`ekiiyk snekl` kikh.
j. U`wkyk
U`wkyktt Hnsn
Hnsngkt
gktki
ki hnfukr
hnfukrlk
lk `it`
`it` ?
- U`wkykt Hnsngktki hnfukrlk skkt `i`

 Iy. K cnilktkhki cncpuiyk`

cncpuiyk` r`wkykt pniykh`t mkrkg t`ill`.
Znmkilhki ]i. M mki hnmuk kikhiyk
kikhiyk t`mkh pnrikg cnil
cnilkfkc`
kfkc` pniykh`t
ykil pkrkg (snceug mnilki aekt ykil m`enf` m` taha).
 

- U`wkykt pniykh`t hnturuiki

 Iy. K cnilktkhki t`mkh kmk pniykh`t
pniykh`t hnturuiki ykil m`turuihki
afng hnfukrlkiyk. Mki Iy.K cnilktkhki `k t`mkh tkgu kpk ykil pniyneke
pniyneke
tnhkiki mkrkgiyk cniokm` t`ill`.
- U`wkykt Hnsngktki cks`il-cks`il killatk hnfukrlk

 Ia Ikck ^cur EE Hnkmkki @cui`sks` Ckskfkg ]`imkhki

Hnsngktki (EJL/Raf`a/MR]/GE/jkcpkh) hnsngktki ykil tnfkg
m`fkhuhki
; ]i. M >2 tg 42 Ek`h Fnilhkp - Cncekitu
5  Iy. K => tg >< Zkh`t Fnilhkp G`pnrtnis`  Iy. K
: Ki. F 52 tg =< Ek`h  Fnilhkp -  pnrl` hn
= Ki. N ;= tg >> Ek`h  Fnilhkp - Rnfkykiki
Hnsngktki

- Zucenr pnfkykiki Hnsngktki ykil m`ckidkkthki

 Iy. K cnilktkhki kpke`fk kmk killatk hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk ykil skh`t
m`tkilki` m` ruckg tnrfne`g mkgufu, kpke`fk t`mkh huiouil snceug
fkilsuil m`ekwk hn Uuckg Zkh`t.
- U`wkykt Hnsngktki hnfukrlk snenfuciyk
 Iy. K kmkfkg kikh pnrtkck mkr` t`lk enrskumkrk, sncuk skumkrk Iy.
K cks`g g`mup mki mkfkc hnkmkki sngkt. ]i. M kmkfkg kikh hnnikc mkr`
nikc enrskumkrk, hkhkh ]i. M cnc`f`h` r`wkykt pniykh`t MC mki
hafnstnraf.

7. Rnilhko`ki f`ilhuilki
k. Hkrk
Hkrkht
htnr
nr`s
`st`
t`h
h Uuck
Uuckg g
- Fuks Uuckg ? Iy. K cnilktkhki fuks ruckgiyk yk`tu ;22 c5 mnilki
tnrm`r` mkr` t`lk hkckr t`mur, sktu rukil tkcu, sktu rukil hnfukrlk, sktu
rukil uituh sgafkt, muk hkckr ckim`, sktu mkpur, sktu lumkil, mki sktu
lkrks`.
- ]`pn Uuckg ? Iy. K cnilktkhki t`pn ruckgiyk yk`tu pnrckini.

- Hnpnc`f`hki ? Iy. Kc`f`h

skkt `i` yk`tu ruckg cnilktkhki
pr`ekm`. ruckg ykil `k mki hnfukrlkiyk tncpkt`
- Oucfkg mki rkt`a hkckr/rukilki ? Iy. K cnilktkhki oucfkg hkckr m`
ruckgiyk kmk muk, mnilki fuks ykil skck.
- Tnit`fks`/onimnfk ? Iy. K cnilktkhki tnrmkpkt ; onimnfk m` snt`kp hkckr
mki 5 onimnfk m` rukil tkcu
- Rnckidkktki rukilki ? Iy. K cnilktkhki m` ruckgiyk tnrmkpkt ;2
rukilki yk`tu t`lk rukilki uituh hkckr t`mur, sktu rukilki uituh rukil
tkcu, sktu rukilki uituh rukil hnfukrlk, sktu rukilki uituh rukil sgafkt,
muk rukilki uituh
uituh hkckr ckim`, sktu rukilki uituh mkpur, sktu rukilki
uituh lumkil, mki sktu rukil lkrks`.
- Znpt`j tkih ? kmk, fntkh ? m` enfkhkil ruckg, » okrkhiyk > cntnr mkr`
mkr`
sucenr k`r.
- Zucenr k`r c`iuc ? Iy. K cnilktkhki sucenr k`r c`iuc yk`tu k`r
RMKC.
 

- Hkckr ckim`/\J ? Iy. K cnilktkhki m` ruckgiyk tnrmkpkt muk hkckr

ckim` lkeuil mnilki \J.
- Zkcpkg ? Iy. K cnilktkhki skcpkg m`eukil m` tncpkt skcpkg mki
m`kce`f afng pntulks hnenrs`gki kpke`fk skcpkg sumkg pniug. F`cekg U]
? Iy. K cnilktkhki f`cekg ruckg tkillk m`kf`rhki hn snfahki.
- Hnenrs`gki f`ilhuilki ? Iy. K cnilktkhki `k mki hnfukrlkiyk snfkfu
cnioklk hnenrs`gki f`ilhuilki ruckg klkr tnrf`gkt rkp` mki nikh
m`pkimkil.
 e. Hkrkhtnr`st`h ]ntkillk mki Hacui`tks U\
- Hne`kskki ? Iy. K cnilktkhki hne`kskki ykil `k mki hnfukrlkiyk
fkhuhki m` hacui`tks U\ yk`tu cnfkhuhki pnilko`ki rut`i snt`kp
snc`illu snhkf`, hnrok ekht` snt`kp gkr` sketu mki c`illu, mki kr`ski
snt`kp sktu eufki snhkf`.
- Kturki/hnsnpkhktki ? Iy. K cnilktkhki kturki mki hnsnpkhktki m`
hacui`tks U\ m`eukt afng Hntuk U\ mki Hntuk U].
- Eumkyk ? Iy. K cnilktkhki t`mkh kmk eumkyk ykil cnil`hkt m`
f`ilhuilki tncpkt `k mki hnfukrlkiyk t`illkf.
j. Cae`
Cae`f` f`tk
tkss Lnalr
Lnalrkd`
kd` Hnf
Hnfuk
ukrl
rlkk
Zncniokh cni`hkg skcpk` snhkrkil Iy. K mki ]i. M t`mkh pnrikg
 p`imkg ruckg hkrnik fahks` tncpkt hnrok Iy.K mki ]i.M ]i.M skck yk`tu m` Zafa .
m. Rnrhucpufk
Rnrhucpufki i Hnfukrlk
Hnfukrlk mki @itnrkhs`
@itnrkhs` mnilki
mnilki Cksykrkh
Cksykrkhkt
kt
 Iy. K cnilktkhki hnfukrlkiyk kht`d mkfkc cnil`hut`
cnil`hut` cusykwkrkg
mki hnrok ekht` ykil m`kmkhki m` cksykrkhkt. Znrtk mkpkt enr`itnrkhs` mnilki
 ek`h. Hnfukrlk Iy. K kht`d mnilki hnl`ktki hnklkckki m` m` f`ilhuilki
ruckgiyk. Iy. K kht`d cnil`hut` hnl`ktki RHH, mki pnilko`ki rut`i. ]i. M
kht`d cnil`hut` hnrok ekht` mki kr`ski ekpkh-ekpkh. Znmkilhki hnmuk kikhiyk
kht`d cnil`hut` hnl`ktki hkrkil tkruik.
n. Zystn
Zystnc c pnim
pnimuhuhui
uil
l hnfu
hnfukrl
krlkk
Kpke`fk Iy. K skh`t, ]i.]i. M mki kikh-kikhiyk
kikh-kikhiyk ykil cnrkwkt. Iy.K
Iy.K
mki ]i. M cnc`f`h` tkeuilki ykil m`luikhki uituh hnpnrfuki cnimkmkh mki
uituh e`kyk snhafkg kikhiyk. Zng`illk kpke`fk enraekt hnfukrlk Iy. K mkpkt
cncekykr snim`r`. Hnfukrlk Iy. K cnc`f`h` okc`iki EROZ. Mki hnfukrlkiyk

ykilcktnr`
 ek`h fk`i snfkfu
ktku cncekitu kpke`fk hnfukrlk Iy. M cnceutughki ekituki
ykil fk`iiyk.
0. Ztruhtur hnfukrlk
k. Rafk/j
Rafk/jkrk
krk Hacui`h
Hacui`hks`
ks` Hnfukrl
Hnfukrlkk
Hnfukrlk Iy. K mki ]i. M cnfkhuhki hacui`hks` snjkrk tnreuhk,
sng`illk kikh-kikhiyk mkpkt cncenr` cksuhki tnitkil suktu gkf hnpkmk
cnrnhk tkipk cnilurkil` rksk garckt tnrgkmkp arkil tuk. ]i.M kmkfkg kykg
ykil skitk` tkp` Iy. K skilkt tnlks tnrgkmkp kikh ‚ kikhiyk mki t`mkh snlki
cnckrkg` kikhiyk kpke`fk cnrnhk skfkg.
 e. Ztruhtur Hnhuktki Hnfukrlk
Hnfukrlk Iy.K skf`il cnilgkrlk` sktu skck fk`i, skf`il cnilgkrlk` sktu
skck fk`i, skf`il cncekitu mki skf`il cnimuhuil. ]i. ] mki Iy. K ckcpu
cnrkwkt m`r` snim`r` mki ckcpu cncniug` hneutugki sngkr`-gkr`. Kpke`fk
kmk ckskfkg Iy. K snfkfu enrm`shus` mnilki ]i. M mki hnmuk kikhiyk uituh
c`itk iksngkt mki skrki.
 

j. Ztruhtur
Ztruhtur Rnrki (pnrki
(pnrki cks`il-cks
cks`il-cks`il
`il killatk
killatk hnfukrlk)
hnfukrlk)
 ]i. M sneklk` hnpkfk hnfukrlk enrtkilluil okwke mkfkc cnilktur
ruckg tkillkiyk mki enhnrok sneklk` Raf`s`
  Iy. K sneklk` `str` ykil enhnrok sneklk` Raf`s`
 Ki. F sneklk` kikh pnrtkck huf`kg m` ^I\
 Ki. N sneklk` kikh hnmuk snhafkg m` ZCR I ; Zafa
m. I`fk`
I`fk` mki iarc
iarckk hnfukrl
hnfukrlkk
Hnfukrlk ]i. M cninrkphki kturki-kturki ykil snsuk` mnilki kokrki
klkck @sfkc mnilki cnilgkrkphki hnmuk kikhiyk ikit` cniokm` kikh ykil
tkkt mkfkc cniokfkihki kokrki klkck. Kikh oulk m`kokrhki jkrk enrpkc`tki,
 enrtutur hktk sapki mki skitui.

;2. Duils` hnfukrlk

k. Dui
Duils
ls`` Kdnh
Kdnht`
t`d 
d 
Zncuk killatk hnfukrlk ]i. M skf`il
s kf`il cniykykil`, skf`il cnilgkrlk`,
skf`il cnilgkrlk`, skf`il cncekitu mki skf`il cnimuhuil sktu skck fk`i.
 e. Duils` Zas`kf`sks`
;) Hnruhuiki
Hnruhuiki g`mup
g`mup mkfkc
mkfkc hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk ? Hnfukrlk
Hnfukrlk ]i.
]i. M g`mup
g`mup ruhui
ruhui mki
t`mkh pnrikg kmk pnrsnf`s`gki ykil tnrokm` m` hnfukrlkiyk.

5) @itnrkhs`
@itnrkhs` mkienr`itnrkhs`
hnfukrlkiyk gueuilki
gueuilki mkfkc
mmnilki
kfkc hnfukrl
hnfukrlk
ek`h, kmki
? Iy. K cnilktkhk
cnilktkhki
gueuilki mkfkci
hnfukrlkiyk oulk ek`h mki gkrcai`s.
:) Killatk
Killatk hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk ykil
ykil mac`iki
mac`iki mkfkc
mkfkc pnilkce`f
pnilkce`fki
ki hnputuski
hnputuski ? Iy.
Iy.
K cnilktkhki ykil fne`g mac`iki mkfkc pnilkce`fki hnputuski
yk`tu sukc`iyk (]i. M).
=) Hnl`ktki
Hnl`ktki hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk wkhtu
wkhtu snillkil
snillkil ? Iy.
Iy. K cnilktkh
cnilktkhki
ki kpke`fk
kpke`fk kmk
wkhtu snillkil, `k mki hnfukrlkiyk enrskitk` skcekf cniaitai tv mki
 enrjnr`tk-jnr`tk.
>) Rkrt`s`pks`
Rkrt`s`pks` mkfkc
mkfkc hnl`ktki
hnl`ktki sas`kf
sas`kf ? Iy. K cnilktk
cnilktkhki
hki hnfukrlki
hnfukrlkiyk
yk kht`d 
mkfkc cnil`hut` cusykwkrkg mki hnrok ekht` ykil m`kmkhki m`
cksykrkhkt. Znrtk mkpkt enr`itnrkhs` mnilki ek`h. Hnfukrlk Iy. K kht`d 
mnilki hnl`ktki hnklkckki m` f`ilhuilki ruckgiyk. Iy. Z kht`d
cnil`hut` hnl`ktki RHH, mki pnilko`ki rut`i. ]i. M kht`d cnil`hut`
hnrok ekht` mki kr`ski ekpkh-ekpkh. Znmkilhki hnmuk kikhiyk kht`d
cnil`hut` hnl`ktki hkrkil tkruik.
j. Duils`
Duils` Rnrkw
Rnrkwktki
ktki Hnsn
Hnsngkt
gktki
ki
 Iy. K cnilktkhki kpke`fk kmk killatk
killatk hnfukrlk ykil skh`t sntnfkg m`aekt`
m` ruckg t`mkh huiouil snceug fkilsuil m`ekwk hn pnfkykiki hnsngktki.
m. Duils`
Duils` Unpram
Unpramuh
uhs`
s`
;) Rnrnijkikki
Rnrnijkikki oucfkg
oucfkg kikh ? Iy.
Iy. K cnilkt
cnilktkhki
khki cnc`f`h
cnc`f`h`` muk kikh
kikh
sumkg juhup.
5) Khsnptar
Khsnptar ? Pk, ykil
ykil m`luikhk
m`luikhkii ? HE suit`h
suit`h , fkckiyk
fkckiyk ? muk
muk tkgui
:) Hntn
Hntnrki
rkilk
lkii fk`i
fk`i ? t`mkh
t`mkh kmk
kmk
n. Dui
Duils
ls`` Nha
Nhaia
iac`
c`
 

;) ^pkyk pncniu
pncniugki
gki skimkil
skimkil pkilki
pkilki ? Hneutugk
Hneutugki i skimkil
skimkil pkilki
pkilki
hnfukrlk ]i. M tnrpniug`. Hnfukrlk ckhki » : hkf` mkfkc sngkr`
mnilki fkuh pkuh ykil enrenmk snt`kp gkr`iyk.
5) Rnckidkktki
Rnckidkktki sucenr
sucenr m`
m` cksykrkhkt
cksykrkhkt ? Hnfukrl
Hnfukrlkk ]i. M cnckidkkthki
cnckidkkthki
sucenr ykil kmk m` cksykrkhkt mnilki snek`h-ek`hiyk.
;;. Ztrnss
Ztrnss mki hap`
hap`il
il hnfukr
hnfukrlk
lk
k. Zt
Ztrn
rnssa
ssarr okil
okilhk
hk pn
pnim
imnh 
nh 
Hnfukrlk ]i. M cncpuiyk` gkrkpki klkr Iy.K jnpkt snceug mkr`
 pniykh`tiyk.
 e. Ztrnssar okilhk Rkiokil
Hnfukrlk ]i. M cnilktkhki `il`i cnc`f`h` hn`il`iki cniynhafkghki
kikh-kikhiyk cniokm` mahtnr 
j. Unspai
Unspai hnfukr
hnfukrlk
lk tnrgkmk
tnrgkmkp
p strns
strnssar 
sar 
Kpke`fk kmk ckskfkg hnfukrlk snfkfu m`e`jkrkhki mnilki ek`h mki
m`cusykwkrkghki enrskck. Kpke`fk pnrfu iksngkt e`kskiyk hnfukrlk ]i. M
cnc`itk iksngkt hnpkmk arkil tuk ktku skumkrkiyk.
m. Zt
Ztrk
rktn
tnl`
l` hap`
hap`il
il
 Iy. K cnilktkhki o`hk kmk ckskfkg m` hnfukrlkiyk snfkfu m`m`shus`hki
m`m`shus`hki
 enrskck sng`illk cksuhki hnfukrlk mkpkt cncekitu cniynfnsk`hki
cniynfnsk`hki ckskfkg.
n. Zt
Ztrk
rktn
tnl`
l` kmkp
kmkptks
tks`` duils
duils`a
`aik
ikff
Mkr` gks`f pnilhko`ki m`mkpkthki jkrk hnfukrlk mkfkc cnilktks`
ckskfkg hnfukrlk yk`tu mnilki cusykwkrkg.

;5. Hnkmkk
Hnkmkki i l`z`
l`z` hnfu
hnfukrl
krlkk
k. Rncniugki
Rncniugki l`z` ? Iy. K cnilktkhk
cnilktkhkii ekgwk
ekgwk pncniugk
pncniugki
i l`z`
l`z` hnfukrlk
hnfukrlk
tnrpniug`.
 e. ^pkyk fk`i ? t`mkh kmk
;:
;:.. Gkrkp
Gkrkpki
ki hnfuk
hnfukrlrlkk
k. ]nrgkmkp
]nrgkmkp ckskfkg
ckskfkg hnsngktki
hnsngktkiiyk
iyk ? Hnfukrlk
Hnfukrlk ]i. M cncpuiyk`
cncpuiyk` gkrkpki
gkrkpki klkr
 Iy.K jnpkt snceug mkr` pniykh`tiyk.
 e. ]nrgkmkp pntulks Hnsngktki ykil kmk ? Hnfukrlk ]i. M enrgkrkp
enrgkrkp klkr pntulks
Hnsngktki e`sk cncenr`hki pnfkykiki ykil fne`g ek`h fkl`.

;=. Rncnr`hskki
Rncnr`hskki d`s`h

 Ia Tkr`kefn Ikck Killatk Hnfukrlk

]i. M Iy. K Ki . F Ki. N
; U`wkykt pn
pniykh`t sk
skkt ]`mkh kmk G`pnrtnis` ]`mkh kmk ]`mkh kmk
`i`
5 Hnfugki ykil ]`mkh kmk Rus`il, ]`mkh kmk ]`mkh kmk
m`rkskhki fncks
: ]kimk mki lnokfk ]`mkh kmk Rus`il, ]`mkh kmk ]`mkh kmk
fncks
= U`wkykt pniykh`t ]`mkh kmk G`pnrtnis` ]`mkh kmk ]`mkh kmk
snenfuciyk
> ]kimk-tkimk v`tkf ]M ? ;52/02 ]M ? ]M ? ;;2/72 ]M ? ;;2/<>
ccGl ;42/;;2 ccGl ccGl
 I ? ccGl  I ?  I ?
 

<7x/cni`t  I ? 72x/cni`t <=x/cni`t

Z ? :4,>J <4x/cni`t Z ? :4 ²J Z ? :4,5²J
UU ? Z ? :<,= ²J UU ? UU ?
52x/cni`t UU ? 52x/cni`t 52x/cni`t
55x/cni`t
4 Z`stnc  Iarckf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,
Hkrm`avkshufnr  t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk

hnfk`iki
t`mkh mki hnfk`iki
t`mkh mki hnfk`iki
t`mkh mki hnfk`iki
t`mkh mki
cnc`f`h` cnc`f`h` cnc`f`h` cnc`f`h`
 pniykh`t  pniykh`t  pniykh`t  pniykh`t
 okituil  okituil  okituil  okituil
< Z`stn
stnc Unsp
sp``rks
ks`` Iarck
rckf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,
t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk
hnfk`iki, hnfk`iki, hnfk`iki, hnfk`iki,
t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk
sukrk sukrk sukrk sukrk
tkcekgki tkcekgki tkcekgki tkcekgki
 pkmk skkt  pkmk skkt  pkmk skkt  pkmk skkt
 enrikdks,  enrikdks,  enrikdks,  enrikdks,
t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk
sucektki sucektki sucektki sucektki
 okfki ikdks.  okfki ikdks.  okfki ikdks.  okfki ikdks.
UU ? UU ? UU ? UU ?
52x/cni`t 55x/cni`t 52x/cni`t 52x/cni`t
7 Z`stnc L` ]rkjt Iarckf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,
t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk
lkilluki lkilluki lkilluki lkilluki
 pkmk systnc  pkmk systnc  pkmk systnc  pkmk systnc
 pnijnrikki.  pnijnrikki.  pnijnrikki.  pnijnrikki.
0 Z`stn
stnc Rnrsk
skrrkd
kdkki Iarc
rckkf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,
t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk
hnfk`iki, hnfk`iki, hnfk`iki, hnfk`iki,
t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk

lkilluki
systnc lkilluki
systnc lkilluki
systnc lkilluki
systnc
 pnrskrkdki,  pnrskrkdki,  pnrskrkdki,  pnrskrkdki,
t`mkh trncar, t`mkh trncar, t`mkh trncar, t`mkh trncar,
t`mkh t`mkh t`mkh t`mkh
fucpug. fucpug. fucpug. fucpug.
;2 Z`stnc  Iarckf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,
Cushufashnfntkf t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk
lkilluki lkilluki lkilluki lkilluki
mki cks`g mki cks`g mki cks`g mki cks`g
 e`sk  e`sk  e`sk  e`sk
 enrkht`v`tks  enrkht`v`tks  enrkht`v`tks  enrkht`v`tks
snpnrt` e`ksk. snpnrt` snpnrt` snpnrt`
 e`ksk.  e`ksk.  e`ksk.
;; Z`stnc Lnintkf`k Iarckf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,  Iarckf,
t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk t`mkh kmk
 

hnfk`iki. hnfk`iki, hnfk`iki, hnfk`iki,

s`hfus gk`m s`hfus gk`m s`hfus gk`m
cks`g cks`g cks`g
fkijkr. fkijkr. fkijkr.

;>. M`kliask
M`kliask hnpnrkwktki
hnpnrkwktki
k. Mnd`s`t
Mnd`s`t pnilntkguk
pnilntkguki
i tnitkil(g
tnitkil(g`pnrtni
`pnrtnis`)
s`) mnilki
mnilki haim`s`
haim`s` tnrhk`t
tnrhk`t (M.2;;
(M.2;;;)
;)

Ia M`kliask ( ZFH@) Unijkik ]`imkhki

. Hnpnrkwktki (Z@H@)
(ZMH@)
;. (M.2;;;)Mnd`s`t (F.;5;;;)]`ilhkt E`ce`ilki Z`stnc Hnsngktki ( @.;5:42)
Rnilntkgui Rnilntkguki  Aesnrvks`
Mnd`i`s` ? hnjuhupki @mnit`d`hks` ckskfkg hnsngktki `im`v`mu,
`ida
`idarc
rcks
ks`` hali
hali`t
`t`d 
`d  hnfukrlk mki cksykrkhkt

ykil enrhk`tki ]nrkpnut`h 
mnilki tap`h   Dks`f`tks
ks`` pncn
ncniugki hneutugki
tnrtnitu. hnsngktki
 Nmuhks`
Zn
Zntn
tnfk
fkg
g m`fk
m`fkhu
huhk
hki
i E`ce
E`ce`i
`il
l ui
uitu
tuh
h en
enrt
rtki
kill
llui
uil
l ok
okwk
wke
e
t`imkhki cnil`m
cnil`mnit
nit`d`h
`d`hks`
ks` mki cnilnc
cnilnceki
ekilhk
lhki
i
hnpnrkwktki
hnpnrkwktki snfkck hn
hnc
ckcp
kcpuk
uki
i cncnj
ncnjkg
kghk
hki
i cks
kskf
kfkg
kg
;x5= okc m`gkrkphki hnsngktki snjkrk ckim`r`
hnfukrlk mkpkt

cni`ilhkthki Nmuh
uhks
ks`` Rni
nil
luh
uhur
urki
ki ]nh
]nhki
kiki
ki Mkrk
Mkrkg
g
 pnilntkguki tnitkil (@.;5=;>)
g`pnrtnis`.  Aesnrvks`
Mni
nil
lki hnr`tnr`
r`kk @mnit`
@mnit`d`h
d`hks`
ks` hns`kp
hns`kpki
ki mki hnckcp
hnckcpuki
uki
gks`f ? cninr`ck `idarcks`.
- Rnilntkguki
 ]nrkpnut`h 
snsuk` mnilki
Znm`kh
Znm`khki
ki cktnr`
cktnr` mki cnm`k
cnm`k pnim`m
pnim`m`hk
`hki
i
 pnilntkguki
hnsngktki mki fkhuhki tkiyk okwke.
Mkr` 5 cni`ilhkt
 Nmuhks`

cniokm` : Kokrhk
Kokrhki
i pa
pas`s`
s`s` pniluh
pniluhurk
urki,
i, cnckski
cnckskil
l
- Rnr`fkhu snsuk`
 

mnilki kiourki cki

ckisn
snt,
t, cni
nil
lnce
nceki
kil
lhk
hki
i cki
ckisn
snt,
t,
Mkr` : cni`ilhkt cnilncp`sh
cnilncp`shki
ki ckisnt
ckisnt mki cninituhki
cninituhki
cniokm` = gks`f tnhkiki mkrkg s`staf`h mki m`kstaf`h.
- Hnckcpuki
cnillkcekrhki Nmuhks` Kht`v`tks @st`rkgkt (@.;5:45)

 pnilkfkcki 
Aesnrvks`
snenfuciyk
snenfuciyk ykil @mnit`
@mnit`d`h
d`hks`
ks` hns`kp
hns`kpki
ki mki hnckcp
hnckcpuki
uki
snsuk` mnilki cninr`ck `idarcks`.
tap`h   ]nrkpnut`h 
Mkr` 5 cni`ilhkt Znm`kh
Znm`khki
ki cktnr`
cktnr` mki cnm`k
cnm`k pnim`m
pnim`m`hk
`hki
i
cniokm` : hnsngktki mki fkhuhki tkiyk okwke.
 Nmuhks`
- Onfkshki pnit`iliyk cnfkhuhki
kht`d`
kht`d`tks
tks d`s`h
d`s`h ktku afkgrk
afkgrklk
lk snjkrk
snjkrk
rut`i
- Kiourhki tnrf`ekt mkfkc kht`v`tks
hnfacpah 
- Kiou
Kiourh
rhki
ki cniy
cniyus
usui
ui okm
okmwk
wkff kht`v
kht`v`t
`tks
ks
mki `st`rkgkt
- Kiou
Kiourh
rhki
ki cnil
cnil`m
`mni
nit`
t`d`h
d`hks`
ks` hn
hneu
eutu
tugk
gki
i
`st`rkgkt mki kht`v`tks
5. (M.2;;>) (F.;5;
(F.;5;2<)
2<) Rnr`fkh
Rnr`fkhu
u (@.20542) Muhuilki Hap`il Hnfukrlk
Ckikoncni Hnsngktki Aesnrvks` ?

Hnsngktki Mnd`i`s` ? - @mnit`d`hks` rnspais ncas`aikf

Hnfukr
Hnfukrlk ]`mkh  hn
lk ]`mkh  hnck
ckcp
cpukuki
i mk
mkfk
fkc
c tnrgkmkp haim`s` skkt `i`
Ndnht`d  cniluekg lkyk - @m
@mni
nit`
t`d`
d`hk
hks`
s` ene
neki
kipr
pral
alia
ias`
s`ss sn
snjk
jkrk
rk
g`mup/ pnr`fkhu  ps`hafal`s
uituh
uituh cncpnr
cncpnrek`
ek`h`
h` - @mnit`d`hks` pnckgkcki tnitkil
stktus hnsngktki hnputuski pnrkwktki sntnfkg pufkil
Zn
Zntn
tnfk
fkg
g m`fk
m`fkhu
huhk
hki
i - @mnit`d`hks` hnsnsuk`ki kitkrk
t`imkhki gkrkpki pks`ni, hnfukrlk, mki tniklk
hnpnrkwktki
hnpnrkwktki snfkck hnsngktki

;x5= okc m`gkrkphki ]nrkpnut`h

hnfukrlk mkpkt - Mnilkrkrh
hki cks
kskkfkg
kg,, pnr
nrkksk
skkki mki
 

cni`ilhkthki  pnrtkiykki hnfukrlk

ckik
ckikon
oncn
cni
i tnit
tnitki
kil
l - ]nr`
]nr`ck
ck i`fk`
`fk`-i
-i`f
`fk`
k` hnf
nfuk
ukrl
rlkk mn
mnil
ilki
ki
g`pnrtnis` jkrk ykil t`mkh cnclgkh`c`
Mnilki hr`tnr`k - M`shus`hki rnijkik cnm`s mki
gks`f?  pnrkwktki

- Rninr`ckki - Gkrlk` mki muhuil cnhki`scn

tnrgkmkp hap`il kmkpt`d ykil m`luikhki
 pnruekgki stktus - Enr`
Enr`hk
hki
i hnsnc
hnsncpk
pktk
tki
i enrhu
enrhuio
ioui
uil
l ekl`
ekl`
hnsngktki killatk hnfukrlk
- Hnckcpuki Nmuhks`
cnfkhuhki - @i
@ida
darc
rcks
ks`h
`hki
ki hn
hnck
ckou
ouki
ki pk
pks`
s`ni
ni sn
snjk
jkrk
rk
t`imkhki  enrhkfk
 pnijnlkgki - @idarcks`hki dks`f`tks pnrkwktki
ckskfkg hnsngktki ykil tnrsnm`k

hnsngktki Hafkearks`
- Hnckcpuki - Uuouh uituh tnrkp` hnfukrlk, o`hk
 pni`lhktki  pnrfu
hnsngktki
- Rnijkpk`ki
 pnilnimkf`ki
hnsngktki