EMAS BIOCHEMISTRY LAB
BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY Minor burns
Biochemistry deals with the study of chemical processes
in living organisms. It explains the complexity of life by
providing knowledge on the structure and functions of
the biological molecules that include lipids,
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and other
intercellular components.
General safety rules
1. Wear protective clothing.
Ex: Gloves, Lab Coats, Safety Glasses
2. Do not wear sandals, jewelleries, or loose
clothing.
3. Avoid touching objects while wearing gloves.
4. 4. Pencils, labels or any other materials should
never be placed in your mouth.
5. Caution must be taken when using gas burners.
6. Long hair must be tied back or covered to
minimize contamination.
7. Do not eat or drink. Do not use glassware as
food or drink containers.
8. Protect your hands safely.
9. Unplug electrical equipment after use. Keep all
cords and wires away from water.
10. Do not take any chemicals, or solutions out of
the lab for any reason
- Chemicals must always be kept in a test
tube rack.
11. Do not engage in practical jokes or horseplay in
the lab.
12. Wipe the bench tops with disinfectant before
and after your work.
13. Dispose of waste products according to
instructions.
14. Report all accidents no matter how minor to
your lab teacher.
FIRST AID MEASURES IN THE LABORATORY
Minor scratches and cuts
 Clean the injury thoroughly using plain soap and
clean running water.
 Apply a sterile and clean dressing.
 Refer the patient to the school clinic
NOTES
 Covering area with petroleum jelly or burn
ointment
 If large burned area, holding in lukewarm water
can lessen the pain.
Chemical contacts in the eyes
 Wash affected eye thoroughly with water.
Immobilize the eyelid.
 Seek immediate medical attention.
LABORATORY APPARATUS
Beaker
 It is a simple container for stirring, ixing, and
heating liquids commonly used in many
laboratories.
 Beakers are generally cylindrical in shape, with a
flat bottom and a lip for pouring.
Bunsen burner
 It is a device for combining a flammable gas
with controlled amount of air before ignition.
 It is used for heating non-volatile liquids and
solids.
Burette
 It is used to dispense small volumes of liquid or
sometimes has with high accuracy.
 It consists of long glass tube with a valve at one
end to control the flow of liquid.
Crucible and cover
 A crucible is a ceramic container capable of
withstanding extreme temperatures.
Crucible tongs
 It is used for handling hot crucibles.
 It is also used to pick other hot objects.
 It is NOT used to pick up beakers.
EMAS BIOCHEMISTRY LAB NOTES
Dropper Graduated cylinder

 It is a pipette consisting a small tube with a
vacuum bulb at one end for drawing liquid in
and releasing it drop at a time.
 It is usually in milligrams.
Erlenmeyer flask
 It is also known as a conical flask.
 It hold solid or liquids that may release gases
during a reaction or that are likely to splatter if
stirred or heated.
Evaporating dish
 It is used for heating of stable solid compounds
and elements.
 It is a long, slender vessels used for measuring
the volumes of liquids.
 They are not intended for mixing, stirring,
heating, or weighing.
 Graduated cylinders commonly range in size
from 6 mL to 500 Ml.
 Some can even hold volumes or more than a
liter.
Mortar and pestle
 A mortar is a vessel in which substances are
ground or crushed with a pestle.
 A pestle is a tool used to crush, mash, or grind
materials in a mortar.

Florence flask Pipette

 It has a round body with a single long neck and  It is a tool used to transport a measured volume
with either a round or a flat bottom. of liquid.
 It can be used as a container to hold solutions of  It is also used to extract or deliver small
chemicals. amounts of liquid.
 It is designed for uniform heating and ease of
Plastic wash bottle
whirling.
 It is produced in a number of different glass  It has a narrow mouth appropriate for washing
thickness to stand different types of use. purposes while performing experiments.
Must never be heated when capped
Reagent bottle
Forceps
 It is intended to contain chemicals in liquid or
 It is also known as tweezers. powder form for laboratories and stored in
 It is used to pick up small objects cabinets or on shelves.

Funnel Ring clamp / Iron ring

 It is used to channel liquid or fine-grained  It is used for supporting apparatus above the
substances into containers with a small working surface.
opening.
Ring stand / Support stand
 Without funnel, spillage would occur.
 A metal rod attached to a heavy metal base.
Goggles
 It is used to support other pieces or equipment
 Primary protectors intended to shield the eyes and glassware.
against liquid or chemical splash, irritating
mists, vapors, and fumes.
EMAS BIOCHEMISTRY LAB
Rubber stopper
 It is ideal for plugging joints or holes in
laboratory glassware and creating a liquid-tight
seal.
 Often used in glass containers such as test
tubes, flasks, jugs and others.
Spatula
 It is used to take and handle small quantities of
solid chemicals.
Stirring rod
 It is used to mix chemicals and liquids for
laboratory purposes.
 It is usually made of solid glass, about the
thickness and slightly longer than a drinking
straw, with rounded ends.
Test tube
 Also known as a culture tube or sample tube.
 It is a common piece of laboratory glassware
consisting of a finger-like length of glass, open
at the top, usually with a rounded u-shaped
bottom.
 It holds a small experiment which would be
used to conduct an investigation.
Test tube brush
 It is used for cleaning test tubes and narrow
mouth laboratory glassware.
Test tube holder
 It is used to hold test tubes
 It is usually utilized when the test tube is hot or
should not be touched.
Test tube rack
 It is used to hold multiple test tubes upright at
the same time.
 It is also useful in organizing test tubes when
different solutions are being worked on or
collected.
NOTES
Thermometer
 It is used to measure temperature or
temperature changes with a high degree of
precision.
 Can be made up of metal or glass.
Tripod
 It is used to support and hold other glassware
when not in use and also during experiments.
Triple balance beam
 It is used to measure mass very precisely unlike
the usual spring balance which measures
weight.
 It does not rely on gravitational force.
Volumetric flask
 It is used for the preparation of solutions.
 It is also known as measuring flask or graduated
flask.
Watch glass
 A round, concave glass dish used for
evaporation.
 It can also be employed for weighing solids and
as a lid for flasks and beakers.
Wire gauze
 It is used to place under the container holding
the liquid that is being heated by the Bunsen
burner.
 It diffuses the heat from the source, thus
helping to protect the glassware.
MICROSCOPE
Cleaning, care, and maintenance.
The microscope
 It is an instrument that magnifies or makes tiny
objects look bigger.
 The science of investigating small objects using
a microscope is called microscopy.
EMAS BIOCHEMISTRY LAB NOTES
 Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless PART OF A COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
aided by a microscope.

2 Kind of Microscope

 Simple microscope
 Complex microscope

Hans and Zacharias Janssen

 Developed the first compound microscope in

the 1590’s.
 They observed that the objects of the tube
appeared greatly enlarged, creating both the
forerunner of the compound microscope and
telescope.

Compound microscope

 It is an example of a light microscope that

makes use two sets or lenses.

(Upper) Secondary magnifier

Base
- The ocular or eyepiece, are immediately
next to the eye.  The structure that support the entire
microscope.
(Lower) Primary magnifier
Arm
- The objective lenses of which are
immediately next to the specimen being  Serves as a handle for carrying the microscope
studied. as well as a support for the body tube.

Head/Body tube

 Serves as an optical housing of the lenses,

serves as a passageway of light.

Eyepiece/ocular lens

 Detachable cylinder equipped with lenses and

located above the draw tube usually provided
with a point particular part of the specimen to
be identified.

Draw tube

 The smallest cylinder attached to the upper part

of the body tube; serves to hold the ocular or
eyepiece
EMAS BIOCHEMISTRY LAB NOTES
Mechanical stage

 A platform which may be circular or square; it is

where the slide with specimen is placed.

Substage

 It is found beneath the stage and consists of

a. Condenser: centralizes the light
b. Diaphragm: regulates the light

Adjustment knobs

a. Coarse adjustment knob

- Used for initial focusing using the low
power objective.
b. Fine adjustment knob
- Used for final viewing using the high power
objective.

Mirror / Illuminator

 Usually two faced; one surface is flat for high

intensity light while the other side is concave
for low intensity light.

Objectives / lenses

 Usually two, three or four are attached to the

base of the nosepiece
a. Scanner
- Shortest cylinder with the biggest lens
opening and its lowest magnification (x4 or
x5).
b. Low power objective
- Short cylinder with large lens opening and
low magnification (x10).
c. High power objective
- A longer cylinder with small lens opening
and higher magnification (x40).
d. Oil immersion objective
- Longest cylinder with smallest lens opening
and highest magnification (x100); color
white.