2 Interpret Drawings and Sketches

COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
METALS AND ENGINEERING
Qualification:
SMAW NC I
Unit of Competency:
INTERPRET DRAWINGS AND SKETCHES
Module Title:
INTERPRETING DRAWINGS AND SKETCHES
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

PROVINCIAL TRAINING CENTER
Gattaran, Cagayan
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Welcome to the Module Interpreting Drawings and Sketches. This module contains training materials and activities
for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Interpret Drawings and Sketches" contains information and applications on orthographic
drawing, isometric drawing, and interpreting welding symbols. It is one of the Common Competencies of Shielded Metal
Arc Welding National Certificate Level I (SMAW NC I).
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each learning outcome of the
module. In each learning outcome there are Information Sheets, Resource Sheets and Reference Materials for further
reading to help you better understand the required activities. Follow these activities on your own and answer the self-check
at the end of each learning outcome. Get the answer key from your instructor and check your work honestly. If you have
questions, please don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this module because you have:
 been working for some time
 already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a particular skill or skills, talk to your trainer about
having them formally recognized so you won't have to do the same training again.
If you have qualification or Certificates of Competency from previous training, show them to your trainer. If the skills
you acquired are still relevant to this module, they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL.
At the end of this learning material is a Learner’s Diary. Use this diary to record important dates, jobs undertaken
and other workplace events that will assist you in providing further details to your trainer or assessors. A Record of
Achievement also provided for your trainer to complete once you have completed the module.
This learning material was prepared to help you achieve the required competency in interpreting blueprint. This will
be the source of information for you to acquire the knowledge and skills in this particular trade independently and at your
own pace with minimum supervision or help from your instructor.
In doing the activities to complete the requirements of this module, please be guided by the following:
 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the training under this module. Read through the
module carefully. It is divided into sections which cover all the skills and knowledge you need to successfully
complete.
 Work through all information and complete the activities in each section. Read the information sheets and
complete the self-checks. Suggested references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. He/she is there to support you and show
you the correct way to do things. Ask for help.
 Your trainer will tell you the important things you need to consider when you are completing the activities and it
is important that you listen and take down notes.
 You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and practice on the job. Make sure you practice your
new skills during regular work shifts. This way, you will improve both your speed and memory and also your
confidence.
 Talk to more experienced work mates and ask for their guidance.
 Use self-check questions at the end of each section to test your own progress.
 When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the activities outlined in this module.
 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/pre-
assessment reports for this reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask your trainer to
mark on the reports that you are ready for assessment.
 When you have completed this learning material and feel confident that you have had sufficient knowledge and
skills, your trainer will arrange an appointment with a registered assessor to assess you. The results of your
assessment will be recorded in your Competency Achievement Record.
Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

Metals and Engineering 1041522SMAW021
April 15, 2022 Revision No
Course Title:
Shielded Metal Arc Welding NCI
Developed by:
Robin M. Concordia Page 2 of 93
INTERPRET DRAWINGS & SKETCHES SMAW Trainer
METALS AND ENGINEERING
INDUSTRY SECTOR
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE LEVEL I
QUALIFICATION LEVEL
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Basic Competencies
1 Participate in Workplace Communication Participating in Workplace Communication
2 Work in a Team Environment Working in a Team Environment
3 Practice Career Professionalism Practicing Career Professionalism
4 Practice Occupational Health and Safety Practicing Occupational Health and Safety
Procedures Procedures
Common Competencies
1 Apply Safety Practices Applying Safety Practices
2 Interpret Drawings and Sketches Interpreting Drawings and Sketches
3 Perform Industry Calculations Performing Industry Calculations
4 Contribute to Quality System Contributing to Quality System
5 Use Hand Tools Using Hand Tools
6 Prepare Weld Materials Preparing Weld Materials
7 Set-up Welding Equipment Setting-up Welding Equipment
8 Fit-up Weld Materials Fitting-up Weld Materials
9 Repair Welds Repairing Welds
Core Competencies
1 Weld Carbon Steel Plates Using SMAW Perform Fillet and Groove Welding on Carbon
Steel Plates
2 Weld Carbon Steel Pipes Using SMAW Performing Groove Welding on Carbon Steel
Pipes

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MODULES OF INSTRUCTION
UNIT OF COMPETENCY Interpret Drawings and Sketches

MODULE TITLE Interpreting Drawings and Sketches
MODULE DESCRIPTOR
This module covers the competencies required to read and interpret drawings and sketches.
NOMINAL DURATION: 8 Hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module, you MUST be able to:
1. Identify standard alphabet of lines;

2. Identify orthographic and isometric views; and
3. Interpret standard drawing symbols, dimensional tolerances and notations.

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MODULE CONTENT
Module Title: Interpreting Drawings and Sketches
Learning Outcome Learning Content Progress Check Training Page

No. Duration No.
1. Identify standard 1. Alphabet of Lines and Self-check

alphabet of lines Applications
2. Dimensioning Self-check
3. Scaling Self-check
2. Identify orthographic 1. Orthographic Views Self-check

and isometric Views 2. Orthographic Projections
3. Isometric Drawing Self-check
Self-check
Activity Sheet
3. Interpret standard 1. Types of Weld Joints Self-check

drawing symbols, 2. Basic Welding Symbols
dimensional 3. Supplementary Symbols Self-check
tolerances and 4. Typical Welding Symbols
notations Self-check
Self-check

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COMPETENCY SUMMARY
Qualification : SMAW NC I
Unit of Competency : Interpret Drawings and Sketches
Module Title : Interpreting Drawings and Sketches
Introduction
This module contains information and applications in interpreting drawings and sketches. It includes
identifications of alphabet of lines, orthographic views, illustration of isometric drawings and interpreting welding symbols.
You need to complete and pass the self-check of this module before you can perform higher level competencies.
Practices in this module will help you familiarize and apply interpreted drawings and sketches, including welding symbols
prior to actual demonstration of the process. Desirable values and attitude must also be taken into consideration.
This module consists of three learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains learning activities for both
knowledge and skills, supported with information sheets, job sheets, operation sheets and self-checks gathered from
different sources. Before you perform the manual exercises, read the information/job/operation sheets mentioned in the
special instruction column and answer the self-check for confirmation that you are equipped with the knowledge necessary
to perform the skills portion of the particular learning outcome with your instructor.
Upon completion of this module, you have to submit yourself to your instructor for assessment. You will be given a
Certificate of Completion as a proof that you have met the standard requirements (Knowledge and Skill) for this module. The
assessment could be made using different methods as prescribed in the competency standard.
Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of the module, the trainees/students should be able to:
1. Identify standard alphabet of lines;

2. Identify orthographic and isometric views; and
3. Interpret standard drawing symbols, dimensional tolerances and notations.
Assessment Criteria:
1. Alphabets of lines are identified.

2. Uses of the alphabets of lines are explained.
1. Orthographic and isometric drawings are identified.
3. Orthographic and isometric views are explained.
4. Drawing symbols are interpreted according to drawing standards.
5. Dimensional tolerances and notations are interpreted according to specifications.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS:
1. Drawing Illustrating objects using drawing instruments
2. Sketching Freehand drawing
3. Orthographic View Refers to the different position of the object used in orthographic projection
4. Orthographic Refers to the representation of the exact shape of an object in two or more views
Projection
5. Planes of Projection Picture plane in which the views of the Objects are viewed
4. Isometric Drawing Pictorial drawing in which the horizontal lines are represented at an angle of
300 with the horizontal axis
5. Weld Joints Refer to how the parts to be welded are assembled prior to welding
6. Weld Symbols Miniature drawing of the metal edge preparation prior to welding
7. Welding Symbols Provide the means of placing complete welding information on drawings

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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
Qualification : SMAW NCI
Learning Outcome #1 : Identify Standard Alphabet of Lines
CONTENTS:
 Alphabet of Lines and Applications
 Dimensioning
 Scaling
1. Alphabets of lines are identified according to ISO.
2. Uses of the alphabets of lines are clearly explained.
3. Align proportionally objects to be the illustrated in the drawing paper.
4. Observe proper dimensioning of the illustrated objects.
Resources:
Students/Trainees must be provided with the following:
Tools Equipment Supplies & Materials
30° x 60° Triangle Drawing Board Pencil
45° x 45° Triangle Drawing paper
T-square CBLM in Interpreting Drawings
and Sketches
Foot Rule
Protractor
Evaluation Methods:
 Written Test
 Demonstration
 Oral Questioning

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Learning Experience
LEARNING OUTCOME #1: Identify Standard Alphabet of Lines
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet No. 2.1-1 If you have some problem on the content of the information sheet,
Alphabet of Lines and Applications don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on the content of the
information sheet, you can now answer the self-check provided in the
module.
2. Answer Self-Check No. 2.1-1 Compare your answer to the answer key 2.1-1. If you got 100% correct
answer in this self-check, you can now move to the next information
sheet. If not, review the information sheet and go over the self-check
again.
3. Read Information Sheet No. 2.1-3 If you have some problem on the content of the information sheet
Dimensioning don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.
module.
sheet. If not review the information sheet and go over the self-check
again.
5. Read Information Sheet No. 2.1-4 If you have some problem on the content of the information sheet
Scaling don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.
information sheet, you can now the answer the self-check provided in
the module.
6. Answer Self-Check No. 2.1.4 Compare your answer to the answer key 2.1-4. If you got 100% correct
sheet. If not review the information sheet and go over the self-check
again.

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Information Sheet 2.1-1
Standard Alphabet of Lines
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the trainees are expected to:
1. Identify the different types of basic lines used in drawing; and

2. Explain the application of basic lines.
There are several different types of lines used on a print and each has a different meaning. To be able to interpret a
print, the reader should have knowledge of these lines. These lines are called alphabet of lines.
1. Object Line. Thick solid line used to show the visible shape of the object.
2. Hidden Line. Broken line of medium thickness used to show the edges and outlines not visible to the eye.
3. Center Line. Fine, broken line made up of a series of short and long dashes alternately spaced to show the center
of circles, arcs, and symmetrical objects and to aid in dimensioning the parts of the object.
4. Extension Line. Fine lines that extend from the object with a slight break between and is used to show
dimensioning points.
5. Dimension Line. Lines used to indicate the measurement of objects. It consists of three parts: arrowheads, fine
line, and number or measurement. The fine lines have the same thickness or weight as the projection line. The
arrowheads are short heavy strokes (called flares) placed at the extremities of this fine line. The shape of an
arrowhead is like the point of an ordinary pen. The number or figure is usually positioned at the middle of the fine
line and its axis is perpendicular to it.
6. Leader Line. Fine, straight line with an arrowhead or round solid dot at one end and usually drawn at an angle.
Points directly to a surface for the purpose of dimensioning or adding a note. A dot may be used at the end of the
straight line where reference is made to a surface area.

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7. Cutting Plane Line. A thick broken line made up of a series of one long and two short dashes alternately spaced.
The arrowheads are placed at right angles to the cutting plane line. The purpose of this line is to indicate where an
imaginary cut is made through the object. The arrow points in the direction in which the section should be viewed.
Letters next to the arrowheads identify the section in cases where more than one section is shown on the drawing.
These lines are oriented vertically, horizontally, or at the actual angle at which the part is drawn.
8. Section Lines. Series of fine lines - solid or solid and broken - arranged in specific patterns. They may be shown
either straight or curved. When shown straight, they are usually drawn at a 45 0 angle. It is used to indicate the
imaginary cut surface referred to by the cutting plane line to represent various kinds of materials
9. Chain Line. Heavy, broken line made up of a series of long and short dashes alternately spaced. It is used to
indicate the location and extent of a surface.
__________ ____ __________
10. Short Break Line. Heavy, irregular line drawn freehand used to show a short break to conserve space on a
drawing.
11. Long Break Line. Ruled, light line with freehand zigzags used to show a long break to conserve space on a
drawing.
12. Phantom Line. Light, broken line made up of a series of long and two short dashes used to show alternate
positions of a part to show relationship of existing part to new part and to show machined surfaces.
__________ __ __ ________ __ __ __________

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Self-Check 2.1-1
Alphabet of Lines
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statements carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter only on your
answer sheet.
1. Fine lines with arrowheads usually touch the extension lines and show distance given
by the dimensions.
a. Hidden Lines
b. Dimension Lines
c. Extension Lines
d. Cutting Plane Lines
2. The purpose of this line is to indicate where an imaginary cut is made through the
object.
a. Hidden Lines
b. Dimension Lines
c. Extension Lines
d. Cutting Plane Lines
3. Series of fine lines - solid or solid and broken - arranged in specific patterns used to
represent various kinds of materials.
a. Chain Line
b. Break Line
c. Section Line
d. Phantom line
4. Fine lines that extend from the object with a slight break between and is used to show
dimensioning points.
a. Chain Line
b. Object Line
c. Section Line
d. Extension Line
5. Used to show the visible shape of the object.

a. Chain Line
b. Object Line
c. Section Line
d. Extension Line

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II. Identifying Alphabet of Lines
Refer to the drawing Jig Support, identify the following types of lines.
A. _________________________ H. ________________________
B. _________________________ I. _______________________
C. _________________________ J. _______________________
D. _________________________ K. _______________________
E. _________________________ L._______________________
F. _________________________ M. _______________________
G. _________________________ N. _______________________

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Answer Key 2.1-1
Alphabet of Lines
A.
1. b
2. d
3. c
4. d
5. b
B.
a. leader line
b. center line
c. extension line
d. object line
e. dimension line
f. extension line
g. hidden line
h. object line
i. hidden line
j. object line
k. center line
l. object line
m. dimension line
n. center line

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Information Sheet No. 2.1-2.a
Dimensioning
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the trainees are expected to;
1. Observed proper dimensioning on the illustrated objects.
Dimensions are indicated in the drawings by dimension lines and numerical figures. Dimension lines is used to indicate the measurements of
objects. The two kinds of dimensions are size and location dimensions. Size dimension give the detail and overall sizes of the object. Lcoation
dimensions merely locate part or parts of the object. To locate a part, there must be at least two location dimensions.
Overall dimensions are shown the total thickness or height, width, and length of an object, while detail dimensions are the thickness, length,
and width of each part of the same object. Complete dimensioning of any object is necessary no matter how simple or complex it may be.
Dimensioning Rules
To help the beginner remember the dimensioning rules, it should be remembered that each rule is followed by illustration or illustrations.
Not included here are rules followed in advance dimensioning such as limit dimensioning and the dimensioning of weld joints. The foolowing are the
dimensioning rules which every draftman should remember:
1. Dimensioning should generally be placed between views.

The areas or spaces between views are indicated by light – shaded line.

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2. Avoid repetition of dimensions.
3. Dimension lines should be parallel to the edge or line being measured.
4. The flare of arrowhead should be properly made. In sketching, an arrowhead may be made with one heavy stroke of the soft pencil.
5. The fine line in a dimension line must be strictly observed. It should be about one – fourth the thickness of the visible line. Its thickness
should be the same as that of the projection line.
6. The figures or numbers in a dimension line should be legible and properly located.

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7. Dimensional figures are preferably directional. Unidirectional dimensions may be used if the company desires them. Never mix
directional dimensions in a drawing.
8. Use an outside dimension if the space is limited, and use an inside dimension if the space is ample or wide.
9. Only metric measurements should appear in drawings
Note: Use one system of measurement in every drawing
10. Continuous dimensions should be used whenever possible.

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11. Staggered dimensioning should be used when the spaces for the dimensions are narrow.
12. A dimension line may be terminated by a projection, visible, hidden, or center line.
13. Dimension lines should be extended beyond the edge or line being measured. It should always touch the projection line or edge being
measured.
14. Arrowheads should point to the terminating line and not to the dimensional figure.

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Let no workman add or subtract dimensions. To put it another way, complete all dimensions needed.

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Self – Check No. 2.1-2.a
Dimensioning
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter only in your answer sheet.
1. This gives the total thickness, width, and length of an object.

a. Dimension Line
b. Size Dimension
c. Overall Dimension
d. Location Dimension
2. Figures or numbers are located

a. after the arrowhead
b. before the arrowhead
c. parallel at the middle of the arrows
d. perpendicular at the middle of the arrows
3. Dimensioning should be strictly be followed except,

a. Repetition of dimensions
b. The flare of arrowhead should be properly made.
c. Only metric measurements should appear in drawings
d. Dimensioning should generally be placed between views.
4. When is staggered dimensioning applied?

a. When it is necessary
b. The object is not visible
c. Spaces for the dimensions are too narrow
d. When the object is an arc or circle in figure
5. Among the illustration below, which is not allowed in dimensioning?
a. b. c. d.

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Answer Key No. 2.1-2.a
1. c
2. c
3. a
4. c
5. d

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Information Sheet No. 2.1-2.b
Dimensioning (Continuation)
Objectives:
1. Observed proper dimensioning on the illustrated objects.
15. When giving the location dimensions for round holes, measure the center – to – center distance between holes and from the center line
of the holes to the two nearest visible lines.
16. Place dimension closest to the part being measured. Dimensions may be placed inside a view.
17. Never crowd dimensions. The dimension closest to a view should be about 7 mm. the other dimensions could be similarly spaced.
Avoid aligning dimensional figure vertically.

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18. Projection or extension lines should be properly drawn. They should extend about 3 mm from the dimension line and not closer than
1½ mm from the object or visible line.
19. Give the diameter of a circle or round hole. Note the various ways of positioning the dimension lines.
20. Give the radii of arcs.
21. Measure angles in degrees. The figures should be unidirectional. In this case the dimension line is in the form of an arc the center
of which is at the vertex of the angle.
22. Dimension irregular curves by the square or base line method.

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23. Write or print the directional figures properly.
24. Use radial dimensioning for large arcs, especially those with centers outside the drawing paper.
25. For tuned pieces, put one set of dimensions on one side and the other set on the other side of the view
26. Metric measurements may be given in whole numbers. In this case, a note should be added to the drawing to identify the kind of
dimensions used. Such as a note may run thus: “All dimensions are in centimeters,” “All dimensions are in millimeters,” or “All
dimensions are in meters unless otherwise specified.”
Note: All dimensions are

in centimeters

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27. Dimensions may be as notes in the drawing.
28. Avoid crossing dimensions

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Self – Check No. 2.1-2.b
Dimensioning
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter only in your answer sheet.
1. When will you apply outside dimensioning?

a. hidden parts of the object
b. dimensioning on arcs and circles
c. space between edges of the objects are narrow
d. space between edges of the objects are too wide
2. When locating dimension between circles, dimension is placed

a. center-to-edges of circles
b. between endpoint edges of circles
c. between near point edges of circles
d. center-to-center distances between circles
3. What is the problem in dimensioning of the illustrated object?
a. Sizes of the figures are not proportional with the dimension line.
b. Dimension lines are of the same weight with the object line.
c. Dimensions too closed to the object lines
d. Dimensional figure aligned vertically
4. Radial dimensioning is usually applied in,

a. large arcs
b. measuring angles
c. measuring between circles
d. giving dimension locations of circles
5. Extension lines should extend the dimension line about

a. 1.5 mm
b. 2.0 mm
c. 2.5 mm
d. 3.0 mm

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Answer Key No. 3.3
1. c
2. d
3. d
4. a
5. d

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Information Sheet No. 2.1-3
Scaling
Objectives:
1. Align proportionally the objects to be the illustrated in the drawing paper.
Scaling is the process of making an object shorter or longer, bigger or smaller so that it could be conveniently
drawn on paper.
Rules used by pattern makers in a foundry shop are scaled to compensate for the expansion and contraction of
materials for casting. Also, the rules, triangular in cross-section, used by architects and engineers you might have seen
around, are scaled to make buildings, highways and machineries shorter or smaller for accomodation on drawing paper.
The rule below is an architectural or mechanical engineer’s rule. Reduction in size is based on proportion of the
millimeters.
Methods of Scaling
1. Reducing Method. This method is applied when the object to be drawn is bigger than the size of the graphing
paper where to draw. This is the most practiced method of scaling for engineering works.
Example:
a. Scale 1 : 100 mm
b. Scale 1 : 500 mm
2. Enlarging Method. The object to be drawn is too small for the size of the graphing
paper. This needs the object to be enlarged that is proportional to the size of the graphing paper.
Example:
a. Scale 10 : 1 mm
b. Scale 100 : 20 mm
3. Retaining Method. The object to be drawn need not be altered to be proportional to the graphing paper.
Example:
a. Scale 1 : 1

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The scaled size of a drawing is always in direct proportion to the actual size of the object. The figure on the left side
represents the quantity of measure for the drawing while the figure on the right side represents the corresponding quantity
of measure for the object being illustrated.
Example:
a. Scale 1:100 is used and the dimension of the object is 10 meters. The linear distance on the print,
therefore, is 0.1 meter of the object distance.
1 x 10 m = 0.1 m
100
b. What is the linear distance in a blueprint of a 10.0 meter distance if the scale applied is 1:400?
1 x 10.0 m =10.0
400 400
= 0.025 m or 2.5 cm

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Activity Sheet 2.1-3
Scaling
Direction: Give the true length of the given dimensions using the following scales.
1. 3.0 m scaled to 1:100
2. 5.25 m scaled to 1:300
3. 125 cm scaled to 1:50
4. 250 cm scaled to 1:400
5. 7.5 m scaled to 1:1000

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Answer Key 2.1-3
Scaling
1. 0.03 m
2. 0.0175 m
3. 2.5 cm
4. 0.625 cm
5. 0.0075 m

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Learning Outcome #2: Identify Orthographic Views and Isometric Drawing
Contents:
1. Orthographic Views
2. Orthographic Projection
3. Isometric Drawing
1. Orthographic and isometric drawings are identified.
2. Orthographic and isometric views are explained.
Resources:

Tools Equipment Supplies &Materials
and Sketches
Foot Rule
Protractor
Evaluation Methods:
 Written Test
 Demonstration and Oral Questioning

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Learning Experience
LEARNING OUTCOME #2: Identify Orthographic Views and

Isometric Drawing
Orthographic Views don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.
module.
answers in this self-check, you can now move to the next information
again.
Orthographic Projection don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.
module.
again.
5. Read Information Sheet No. 2.2-3 on If you have some problem on the content of the information sheet,
Isometric Drawing don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.
module.
again.
7. Do Activity Sheet No. 2.2-3-1 Compare your work to the checklist and let your trainer check it. If
you got 100% correct answers in this activity, you can now move to
the next Learning Outcome. If not, review the information sheet and
go over the activity again.

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Orthographic View
Objectives:
1. Identify the principal views of the object; and

2. Explain the principles of orthographic drawing.
Orthographic drawing is a special type of drawing which may not be pleasing to the eyes but is easier to
understand than other types of drawing after one develop skills in reading and interpreting it.
Orthographic comes from the Greek words “Orthos” and “Graphos” meaning straight and draw.
View is the different position used in orthographic projection in which an object may be projected and is done by
extending perpendicular lines to the plane from all parts of the object.
The Six Orthographic Views
A. Front View. Front view is observed directly behind the rear view.
B. Right Side View. View directly observed at the right of the front view and is the opposite of the left
side view.
C. Top View. Top view is directly above the front view.
D. Bottom View. View directly observed beneath the front view. It is the opposite of the top view.
E. Rear View or Back View. View that is the opposite of the front view.
F. Left Side View. View directly observed at the left of the front view and is the opposite of the right side
view.

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Principles of Orthographic Drawing
The principles involved in orthographic drawing are the following:
1. The top view is directly above the front view.
2. The side views are horizontally in line with the front view.
3. The width of the top is equal to the width of the side views.
4. When a line or an edge is viewed perpendicularly to a plane of projection, it appears as a point.
5. A line or edge parallel to the plane of projection will also appear as a line or edge in its exact or true length.
6. A line or edge inclined to the plane of projection will appear shorter or foreshortened.

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7. A surface perpendicular to the plane of projection will appear as a line or edge equal in length to the nearest
edge of the surface, which in this case is either its length or its width, depending on its position.
8. A surface parallel to the plane or projection will be shown in its exact or true shape and size.
9. A surface inclined to the plane of projection will also appear as a surface but smaller in size and shape.
10. No line or edge of the object can be projected longer than its true length.

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Self-Check 2.2-1
Orthographic Views
Multiple Choice:
answer sheet.
1. This refers to the representation of the exact shape of an object in two or more views as they are seen perpendicularly
from its surfaces.
a. Alphabet of Lines
b. Isometric Drawing
c. Orthographic Drawing
d. Orthographic Projection
2. View that is directly behind the rear view.

a. Top View
b. Side View
c. Front View
d. Bottom View
3. View directly observed beneath the front view.

a. Top View
b. Side View
c. Front View
d. Bottom View
4. What is the appearance of a line inclined to the plane of projection?

a. appears a point
b. appears as a line or edge
c. appears shorter or foreshortened
d. appears in its exact or true shape and size
5. A surface parallel to the plane of projection will appear as

a. a point
b. a line or edge
c. shorter or foreshortened
d. in its exact or true shape and size

Course Title:
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Answer Key 2.2-1
Orthographic Drawing
1. b
2. c
3. d
4. c
5. d

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Orthographic Projection
Objectives:
1. Identify the systems of orthographic projection; and

2. Explain the principles of orthographic projection.
Orthographic projection refers to the representation of the exact shape of an object in two or more views as they are
seen perpendicularly from its surfaces.
Projections are the perpendicular lines extending from the object to the plane.
Plane of projection is the picture plane in which the views of the objects are viewed or projected.
The process of drawing an object in two or more views is called orthographic projection.
Two systems of orthographic projection are used in the engineering field namely:
1. First Angle Projection of the European System; and

2. Third Angle Projection of the American System.
In the first angle projection, each view shows what would be seen by looking on the other side of an adjacent view.
The top view is directly below the front view and the side views which are drawn beside the front view are also at the top.

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In the third angle projection each view shows what would be seen by looking at the near side of an adjacent view.
The top view is directly above the front view, the right side view is directly to the right of the front view and the rear view is
directly behind the front view.
FV – Front View
TV – Top View
RSV – Right Side View
RV – Rear View
BV – Bottom View
LSV – Left Side View
Three Planes of Projection
1. Frontal or Vertical Plane of Projection. This is the plane where the front view is projected.
2. Horizontal Plane. This is the plane where the appearance of the object as viewed directly from above on top is
projected
3. Profile or Inclined Plane. This is the plane that will show the shape of an object when viewed from the side
and the distance from the bottom to top and the distance from front to rear.
Three Views of Drawing
Most of the objects around us are generally shown in three views. These are the top view, front view, and right-side
view. The right-side view is called side view. This means that a side view not preceded by the word LEFT, is a right-side view.
Three views are sufficient in the majority of cases to describe the shape of an object. All edges and corners of an
object must be shown in each view of the object.
Each view of an object will show a minimum of two dimensions. Any two views of an object will have at least one
dimension in common. Time can be saved if a dimension from one view is projected to the other view instead of measuring.
The solid lines represent the visible edges of the objects. These lines are called object lines.

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Those edges which cannot be seen are represented by lines made up of short dashes. These lines are called
invisible object lines.

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Self -Check 2.2-2
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter only on your
answer sheet.
1. The appearance of the object as viewed directly from above on top is projected.
a. Projection
b. Frontal Plane of Projection
c. Inclined Plane of Projection
d. Horizontal Plane of Projection
2. This will show the shape of an object when viewed from the side and the distance from the bottom to top and the
distance from front to rear.
a. Projection
b. Frontal Plane of Projection
c. Inclined Plane of Projection
d. Horizontal Plane of Projection
3. In which two views is the length of the object the same?

a. Front and Top View
b. Front and Side View
c. Top and Side View
d. Side and Rear View
4. In which views is the thickness of the object the same?

a. Front and Top View
b. Front and Side View
c. Top and Side View
d. Side and Rear View
5. Identify the side view of the given isometric object.
a b c d

Course Title:
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Answer Key 2.2-2
1. d
2. c
3. c
4. b
5. b

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Isometric Drawing
Objectives:
1. Define isometric drawing;

2. Explain the principles of isometric drawing; and
3. Illustrate isometric drawing from the given orthographic views.
An orthographic drawing is sometimes supplemented with a pictorial drawing to optimize one’s understanding of
the object. The pictorial drawing often represents a portion of the object and shows the method of its construction.
The most common pictorial drawings used in the manufacturing industries are isometric, oblique, and perspective
drawing. Among the three pictorial views, isometric drawing is the most commonly used and the most useful in making
freehand sketches. Isometric drawing is a method of drawing objects so that three dimensions are shown, not in perspective
but in actual size.
In an isometric drawing, all lines that are parallel on the object are also parallel on the drawing. Likewise, vertical
lines are shown in a vertical position, but lines representing horizontal lines are drawn at an angle of 30° with the horizontal
axis. All lines which represent the horizontal and vertical lines on an object have true length. The same scale of measure is
used on the three visible sides, namely: top, front and right, as all isometric lines are spread equally at 120°.
The term isometric is derived from two words: iso and metric. iso means equal and metric means measure. Thus
isometric means equal measure. In other words, the size of an isometric view is in equal measure either to its orthographic
views or to the scaled drawing. It is generally equal measure to the size of the orthographic views. Hence, all measurements
used or laid out in an isometric drawing are taken from orthographic views.
The three axes of an isometric drawing are the vertical axis, the 30 0 left and the right cross-axes. The three
positions involved in drawing these axes are also shown in the figure below.

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Isometric drawings can be used as aids in clarifying the orthographic drawings which are the foundation of all
construction blueprints; thus, it is a good practice to compare the orthographic views with the actual objects.
All edges of the object parallel to the axes are called isometric lines and those not parallel to them are called non-
isometric lines.
The most widely used method of drawing an isometric view is the boxing method. In this method, a “box” is drawn
with its edges parallel to the isometric axes. These edges, or lines, are drawn very lightly; hence, they are sometimes called
“crate lines or construction lines”.
Measurements used in the isometric drawing are taken from the orthographic views.

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Steps in Sketching an Isometric Drawing
If the isometric drawing of a rectangular object would be constructed, take the following steps:
1. Draw the axes as light and straight as possible. Be sure the cross axes are about 30 0 from the lower edge of the
paper.
2. Lay out the principal measurements on the axes. The measurements are taken from the orthographic views.
3. Draw the box or crate lines.
4. Draw the details of the object.
Note: Check the accuracy of your drawing.
5. Trace the visible edges with heavier lines.

Course Title:
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Self-Check 2.2-3
Isometric Drawing
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter only in your
answer sheet.
1. Why orthographic views are supplemented by a pictorial drawing?

a. optimized understanding of the object
b. draw isometric drawing
c. illustrate perspective
d. illustrate object
2. What view is illustrated at the right axes of the object in a pictorial drawing?
a. Top View
b. Front View
c. Left Side View
d. Right Side View
3. In constructing pictorial drawing, the side view of the object is always illustrated
a. at the left axis
b. at the right axis
c. at the left side of the object
d. at the right side of the object
4. The front view of the object illustrated in a pictorial drawing is shown

a. at the left axis
b. at the right axis
c. at the left side of the object
d. at the right side of the object
5. Identify the isometric drawing of the given orthographic views.
a b c d

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Activity Sheet 2.2-3.1
Direction: Draw the isometric drawing based of the given orthographic views.

Course Title:
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Answer Key 2.2-3
Isometric Drawing
1. a
2. d
3. b
4. a
5. b
Answer Key 2.2-3.1
Activity Sheet

Course Title:
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Learning Outcome #3 : Interpret Welding Symbols
Contents:
1. Weld Joints
2. Parts of a Welding Symbol
3. Supplementary Symbol
4. Typical Welding Symbol
1. Drawing symbols are interpreted according to drawing standards.
2. Dimensional tolerances and notations are interpreted according to specifications.
Resources:
Tools Equipment Supplies & Materials

and Sketches
Foot Rule
Protractor
Evaluation Methods:
 Written Test
 Demonstration and Oral Questioning

Course Title:
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Learning Experience
LEARNING OUTCOME # 3: Interpret Welding Symbols

1. Read Information Sheet No. 2.3-1 If you have some problem on the content of the information sheet, don’t
on Basic Weld Joints hesitate to approach your facilitator.
module.
again.
on Parts of a Weld Joint hesitate to approach your facilitator.
module.
again.
on Welding Code Position hesitate to approach your facilitator.
module.
again.
on Parts of a Welding Symbol hesitate to approach your facilitator.
module.
again.
9. Read Information SheetNo.2.3-5 If you have some problem on the content of the information sheet, don’t
on Supplementary Symbols hesitate to approach your facilitator.
module.
again.

Course Title:
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1. Read Information SheetNo.2.3-6 If you have some problem on the content of the information sheet, don’t
on Typical Welding Symbols hesitate to approach your facilitator.
module.
2. Answer Self-Check 2.3-6 Compare your answer to the answer key 2.3-4. If you got 100% correct
again.

Course Title:
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Weld Joints
Objectives:
1. Identify the basic types of weld joints; and

2. Explain the types of joints for the job.
Each weld joint must be described in detail. This is done so that the welder will know precisely how to make each
weld. The American Welding Society (AWS) has developed a welding symbol to convey all the information needed to properly
make the weld on a joint.
The selection of the best joint design for a specific weldment requires careful consideration of a variety of factors.
Each factor, if considered alone, would result in a part that could be fabricated.
Basic Weld Joints
A weld joint refers to how the parts to be joined are assembled prior to welding. There are five basic types of joints
used in welding: butt, lap, T-joint, corner, and edge joint.
1. Butt Joint
Butt joints are used when parts are joined end-to-end, as in a pipeline or a ship’s deck plates. Some type
of groove configuration is specified on the ends of the pieces being joined. The edges of the base metal may require
preparation before welding. Edge preparation refers to how the edges of the joint are shaped prior to welding.
Generally, when a base metal over 3/16” (4.8 mm) thick is used; edges are beveled by machining or flame
cutting. Edge preparation is required to allow the weld to penetrate to the required depth. Thick base metal may be
machined, gouged, or flame cut along the upper or lower edges of the joint, or both, to form a double-bevel, V -,J -,
or U-groove. A butt joint maybe prepared using any of the edge preparations.
2. Lap Joint
A lap joint is formed by two overlapping pieces of base metal. The top surface of one piece is in contact
with the bottom surface of the other. Special edge preparation is not required. However, the edge of the pieces may
be prepared to form a bevel groove, J-groove, or flare-bevel -groove joint.

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3. Corner Joint
A corner joint is formed by placing one piece of base metal along the outer edge of another piece. The
pieces may be joined at any angle, but are commonly welded at a 90 ⁰ angle. Corner joints may be welded as inside
corners, outside corners, or a combination of both. Inside corner joints are welded along the inside of the
intersection of the two pieces. Outside corner joints are welded along the outside edge of the joint. The edges may
be squared, beveled, grooved, flared, or edge-flanged.
4. T-Joint
A T-joint is formed by two pieces of base metal that are at an angle of approximately 90 ⁰ to one another.
The main difference between a corner and T-joint is that a corner joint is formed along the edge of one piece, while
T-joint is formed anywhere but along the edge. The edges of the base metal may be prepared as a square, beveled,
grooved, or flared-bevel-groove joint. Both edges of the base metal may be prepared to form a double-bevel-groove
joint.
5. Edge Joint
An edge joint is formed when the surfaces of two pieces are in contact and their edges are flush (even).
The pieces are joined by welding along at least one of the flush edges.

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Self-Check 2.3-1
Weld Joints
Multiple Choice:
answer sheet.
1. The metals to be joined are aligned approximately at the same plane.

a. T-Joint
b. Lap Joint
c. Butt Joint
d. Corner Joint
2. Most of the joint made in the fabrication of steel plate assures the efficiency of the joint. What type of weld joint is used
in the fabrication of the product?
a. Lap Joint
b. Butt Joint
c. Edge Joint
d. Corner Joint
3. The edge of the joint is prepared prior to welding.

a. beveling
b. groove face
c. joint penetration
d. edge preparation
4. The materials to be welded are overlapping to each other.

a. Lap Joint
b. Butt Joint
c. Edge Joint
d. Corner Joint
5. The thickness of the material that does not need edge preparation.
a. 4.0 mm
b. 8.0 mm
c. 6.0 mm
d. 10.0 mm

Course Title:
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Answer Key 2.3.1
Weld Joints
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. a
5. a

Course Title:
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Parts of a Weld Joint
Objective:
1. Identify the parts of a groove and fillet joint.
Groove welds are simply welds made in the groove between two members to be joined. Groove welds may be joined
with one or more weld beads, depending on the thickness of the metal. If two or more beads are deposited in the groove, the
weld is made with multiple-pass layers. As a rule, a multiple-pass layer is made with stringer beads in manual operations.
A fillet weld is the most common type of weld. The fillet weld is used to join two pieces of flat steel at a 90-degree
angle. A fillet weld is produced by running a weld bead at a 45-degree angle to a 90-degree corner; it resembles a triangle
when viewed from the side. The weld is used to fill the area where two pieces of steel meet, hence the name fillet weld.
a. The groove face is the surface formed on the edge of the base metal after it has been machined or flame cut.
b. The total angle formed between the groove face on one piece and the groove face on the other piece is the
groove angle.
c. The bevel angle is the angle from the root face to the groove face on one piece.
d. The distance from the root of the weld to the point where the bevel angle begins is the root face.
e. Root opening is the distance between the two pieces at the root of the weld.
f. The face of the weld is the outer surface of the weld base on the side of the weld.
g. The root of the weld is the bottom edge of the base metal.
h. Face reinforcement is the distance from the top of the weld face to the surface of the base metal.
i. The toe of the weld is the point where the weld bead contacts the base metal surface. It occurs twice on each
weld bead.
j. Root reinforcement is the distance that the penetration projects from the root side of the joint.

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k. Joint penetration or weld size is the depth that a weld extends into the joint from the surface.
l. Actual throat is the shortest distance between the weld root and the face of a fillet weld.
m. Theoretical Throat is the distance from the beginning of the joint root perpendicular to the hypotenuse of the
largest right triangle that can be inscribed within the cross section of a fillet weld.

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Self-Check No. 2.3-2
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statements carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter only in your
answer sheet.
1. Depth of weld that extends into the joint from the surface of the base metal
a. joint penetration
b. edge preparation
c. face reinforcement
d. root reinforcement
2. Side wall fusion is normally found at the

a. toe of weld
b. root of weld
c. face of weld
d. groove face
3. The distance from the root of the weld to the point where the bevel angle begins.
a. root face
b. actual throat
c. root opening
d. theoretical throat
4. Distance from the top of the weld to the surface of the base metal.
a. actual throat
b. face reinforcement
c. root reinforcement
d. face of the weld
5. The shortest distance between the weld root and the face of a fillet weld.
a. actual throat
b. theoretical throat
c. root reinforcement
d. face reinforcement

Course Title:
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Answer Key No. 2.3-2
1. a
2. a
3. a
4. b
5. a

Course Title:
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Welding Code Positions
Objectives:
1. Identify the different welding positions applied for welding.
Some codes state that welders who pass a groove weld test are qualified to make groove and fillet welds. If welders
pass a fillet weld test, they can make only fillet welds, not groove welds. Groove welds are considered more difficult to make.
Flat welding is considered to be the easiest position. Most welder qualifications are done in the horizontal, vertical
and overhead welding positions. Welders who pass a qualification test in one of these positions are qualified for that position
and for welding flat position. Welders are allowed to weld only in the positions for which they have been qualified.
Fillet Welds in Plate Fillet Welds in Pipe

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Groove Welds in Plate Groove Welds in Pipe

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Self-Check No. 2.3-3
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read the statements carefully. Choose the correct answer and write the letter only in your answer sheet.
1. What is the welding code position for an overhead fillet weld?

a. 3F
b. 4F
c. 3G
d. 4G
2. If welders pass a groove weld test, for what qualification could they be employed?
a. Fillet weld
b. Plate weld
c. Groove weld
d. Fillet and groove welds
3. What is the easiest welding position?

a. Flat
b. Overhead
c. Vertical
d. Horizontal
4. The project will be assembled in 6G position.

a. Fillet weld on plates in flat position
b. Groove weld on plates in any position
c. Fillet weld on pipe in horizontal position
d. Groove weld on pipe in 450 position
5. Unequal diameter pipes to be welded are in horizontal fixed position.

a. 3F
b. 5F
c. 2G
d. 5G

Course Title:
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Answer Key No. 2.3-3
1. b
2. d
3. a
4. d
5. b

Course Title:
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Welding Symbols
Objectives:
1. Identify the parts of the welding symbol; and

2. Identify the basic types of weld indicated on the AWS welding symbol.
Welding Symbols
Welding symbols are the language used to let the welder know exactly what welding is needed. It is used as
shorthand and can provide the welder with all of the required information needed to make the correct weld.
F – Finish Symbol
A – Groove Angle: includes angle of countersink for plug welds
R – Root Opening: depth of filling for plug and slot welds.
S – Depth of Bevel: size or strength for certain welds
E – Groove Weld Size
L – Length of Weld
P – Pitch of Weld: center-to-center spacing
T – Tail of Weld: specification, process of other reference (omitted when reference is not used)
N – Number of Spot, Stud or Projection Welds
- Field Weld
- Weld All Around
- Contour Symbol
In your work, you may be required to work from these drawings; therefore you should understand the use and
meaning of these symbols.

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Meaning and Use of Symbols
An arc welding symbol consists of the four main parts
1. A reference line
2. An arrow.
3. A basic welding symbol
4. A tail
The basic symbol indicates the type of weld.

(Butt, fillet, etc.)
1. The reference line is a line connected to the arrow. The position of the basic symbol above or beneath this line
determines the location of the weld. The reference line is always drawn parallel to the bottom edge of the
drawing, or to the base line of a particular view.
2. The arrow indicates the position of the weld; it is drawn at an angle from the end of the reference line to one
side of the joint. This side is called the 'arrow side of the joint'. The opposite side is called the other side of the
joint.

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2.1 Welds on the 'arrow side of the joint' are shown by inverting the weld symbol and placing it beneath
the reference line.
2.2 Welds on the 'other side of the joint' are shown by placing the symbols above the reference line.
2.3 Welds on both sides of the joint are shown by placing the weld symbol above and below the reference
line.
3. Basic weld symbols describe the type of weld to be made. This symbol is a miniature drawing of the metal’s
edge preparation prior to welding. The basic weld symbol is only part of the entire AWS welding symbol.
Form of Weld Weld Symbol Sectional Representation
Bead
Fillet

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Square Butt
Single V Butt
Single Bevel Butt
Single U Butt
Single J Butt
Double V Butt
Double U Butt
Plug and Slot
Stud
Surfacing

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4. The tail is added to the symbol only when special notes are
required. A number or letter code used inside the tail direct
the welder to special notes located elsewhere on the drawing.
These notes may specify the heat treatment, welding process
used, or other information not given on the welding symbol.

Course Title:
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Self-Check 2.3-4
Welding Symbols
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter only in your
answer sheet.
1. When a dark triangle (flag) is placed as a typical part of the welding symbol, this means that
a. the project must have to be made
b. the project is to be made on site
c. the project is to be made in the shop
d. the project is to be made as the need arises
2. Reference line is known as __________ of the welding symbol.

a. main part
b. primary part
c. longest part
d. main and longest part
3. The symbol triangle attached to the reference line indicates the type of weld.
a. Fillet Weld
b. Weave Bead
c. Square Butt Weld
d. Single V Butt Weld
4. This type of weld is attached below the reference line indicating that the weld is to be made.
a. Arrow side of the joint
b. Other side of the joint
c. Both sides of the joint
d. None of the above
5. Basic weld symbol is only a part of the welding symbol indicating the
a. special notes required
b. position of the weld
c. types of weld
d. size of weld

Course Title:
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Answer Key 2.3-4
Welding Symbols
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. a
5. c

Course Title:
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Supplementary Symbols
Objectives:
1. Identify the supplementary symbols in the welding symbol; and

2. Locate information on the weld symbol to determine the size of the root opening, the groove angle,
and the desired size, contour and finish of the weld.
Supplementary symbols can be placed above or below the basic symbol, or at the intersection of the reference line
and the arrow. Dimensions and reference to specifications, or welding procedures may also be added.
1. Weld all around is a circle drawn on the welding symbol, indicating that the described weld is to be made all
around the part.
2. Field weld symbol is a symbol added to the basic AWS welding symbol to indicate that a weld is to be made at
the job site (“ in the field”), rather than in a fabricating shop.
3. Melt through is a complete joint penetration (CJP) for a joint welded from one side and visible root
reinforcement is produced.
4. Backing symbol is an open rectangular box used in combination with a groove weld symbol located on the
reference line indicating that locating materials is required on the opposite side control penetration.
5. Spacer symbol is an open box that intersects the reference line, indicating that a spacer is placed between the
joint.

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Contour and Finish Symbol
1. Flush contour symbol is located on the same side as the symbol and indicates that the weld should be
approximately a flat plane with the surface.
2. Convex contour symbol is located on the side as the symbol and indicates that the weld should be raised or
convex shaped.
3. Concave contour symbol is located on the same side as the symbol indicates that the weld should be concave
shaped.
4. If the contour requires finishing, a finishing symbol will be used in conjunction with the contour symbol, a
letter G indicates grinding, C indicates chipping, M indicates machining, and U indicates unspecified local
method should be used.

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Self-Check 2.3-5
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statements carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter only in your
answer sheet.
1. Melt through symbol shows that the required output of welding should be:
a. visible face reinforcement
b. visible root reinforcement
c. burn through
d. penetration
2. Weld all around symbol is mostly applied on welded joints like

a. plate welded to plate with the same thickness
b. pipe welded to similar diameter of pipe
c. pipe welded to plate
d. all of the above
3. Backing symbol which is required to a butt joint.

a. Square butt joint
b. Single V butt joint
c. Double V butt joint
d. Double bevel butt joint
4. What should be included in the welding symbol when the welded joint requires grinding?
a. finishing symbol
b. flush contour symbol
c. convex contour symbol
d. concave contour symbol
5. Melt through is included in the welding symbol indicating that

a. weld size is enough
b. weld is burn through
c. penetration is too much
d. accepted joint penetration

Course Title:
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Answer Key 2.3-5
1. b
2. c
3. b
4. a
5. d

Course Title:
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Typical Welding Symbols
Objectives:
1. Determine the weld profile of the joint; and

2. Locate information on the weld symbol to determine the size of the root opening, the groove angle,
and the desired size, contour, and finish of the weld.
Information given on the welding symbol must always be shown in the designated location on the symbol. These
locations are determined by the side of the reference line on which the weld symbol is placed.
A. Fillet Weld
Dimensions of fillet welds are shown on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol and are
shown to the left of the symbol. When both sides of a joint have the same size fillet welds, one or both may be
dimensioned. When both sides of a joint have different size fillet welds, both are dimensioned. When the
dimensions of one or both welds differ from the dimensions given in the general notes, both welds are dimensioned.
The size of a fillet weld with unequal legs is shown in parentheses to the left of the weld symbol. The length of a
fillet weld, when indicated on the welding symbol, is shown to the right of the weld symbol. In intermittent fillet
welds, the length and pitch increments are placed to the right of the weld symbol. The first number represents the
length of the weld, and the second number represents the pitch or the distance between the centers of two welds.
A.1 Equal Leg Fillet Weld – Both Sides
A.2.Equal Leg Chain Intermittent – Both Sides

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A.3. Staggered Intermittent Fillet Weld
B. Groove Weld
In groove weld preparation, the root opening is given inside the weld symbol. The groove angle is shown
just outside the weld symbol. The depth of penetration is given on the left side of the welding symbol. Weld size
may also be given in this same location.
Edges of metal over ¼” (6.4 mm) thick are always prepared in some way before making a groove weld in
order to ensure 100% penetration. The groove weld size is the depth to which a weld penetrates the joint from the
surface of the base metal. The desired depth of preparation and the depth of the weld penetration are generally
determined by codes or specifications.
Plate Thickness = 3/8“

Depth of Groove =1/4”
Weld Size = 3/8“
Groove Angle = 600
Root Gap = 1/8“

Course Title:
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B.1. Square Butt Groove
Closed Square Butt Groove Double Open Square Butt Groove
Weld Size = 1/4”

Closed Butt Groove = No Gap
Root Gap = 1/8”
B.2 Single Vee Groove

Course Title:
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C. Plug Welds
Holes in the arrow side member of a joint for plug welding are indicated by placing the weld symbol below
the reference line. Holes in the other side member of the joint for plug welding are indicated by placing the weld
symbol above the reference line. Refer to the figure for the location of the dimensions used for plug welding.
The diameter or size is located to the left of the symbol (A). The angle of the sides of the hole, if not square,
is given above the symbol (B). The depth of build-up, if not completely flush with the surface, is the given in the
symbol (C). The center-to-center dimensioning or pitch is located on the right of the symbol (D).

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Self-Check 2.3-6
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Interpret carefully the illustrations given. Choose the best answer ad write the letter only in your
answer sheet.
A. Identify the appropriate weld profiles of the given welding

symbols.
1.
a. b. c. d.
2.
a. b. c. d.

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3.
a. b. c. d.
4.
a. b. c. d.
5.
a. b. c. d.

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B. Identify appropriate welding symbols.
1.
a. b. c. d.
2.
a. b. c. d.
3.
a. b. c. d.

Course Title:
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Answer Key 3.3-6
A.
1. d
2. a
3. c
4. c
5. b
B.
1. c
2. d
3. b

Course Title:
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Evidence Plan
Trainee’s Name
Facilitator’s Name
Qualification GMAW NC II
Unit of Competency Interpret Drawings and Sketches
Ways in which the candidate will be collected: (tick the column)
Demonstration
The evidence must show that the candidate is able to:
Interview
Written
x X
1. Identify alphabet of lines
x x X
2. Identify orthographic drawing
x x X
3. Identify isometric drawing
x X
4. Interpret welding symbols

Course Title:
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Demonstration
Candidate’s Name:
Facilitator’s Name:
Qualification: GMAW NC II
Unit of Competency Covered Interpret Drawings and Sketches
Date of Assessment
Time of Assessment
Instructions for Demonstration
Given the necessary supplies and materials, tools and equipment, the candidate must be able to illustrate
the isometric drawing of the given orthographic views.
Materials and Equipment
Observation: / to show if evidence is
demonstrated
During the demonstration of skills, the candidate: Yes No N/A
 Performed basic mensuration*
 Applied freehand drawing
 Project extension lines*
 Performed isometric drawing*
 Performed orthographic drawing*
 Knew alphabet of lines
 Applied proper dimensioning*
 Handled materials, tools and equipment
 Observed safety practices*
The trainee’s demonstration was:
Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 

Trainee’s Signature Date
Facilitator’s Signature Date
NOTE: *Critical aspects of competency

Course Title:
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Oral Questioning
Satisfactory response
Questions to probe the candidate’s underpinning knowledge:

YES NO
1. What is the approximate thickness of the extension line as compared to the object line?
2. In which view is the length of the object is the same?
4. What is the appearance of the line or edge inclined to the plane of projection?
5. What view is illustrated at the right axes of the pictorial drawing?
6. What should be included in the welding symbol when the welded joint requires
grinding?
7. What is the meaning of the circle drawn in the welding symbol?
8. What part of the welding symbol if weld testing will be applied on weld joint?
9. How will you determine that the welded joint is in accordance with the standard?
The Candidate’s overall performance was:
Satisfactory Not Satisfactory
Candidate’s Signature Date
Facilitator’s Signature Date

Course Title:
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Competency Assessment
Written
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read the statements carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter only in your answer sheet.
1. What alphabet of lines shows dimensioning points?

a. object line
b. center line
c. hidden line
d. extension line
2. Lines used to show the midpoints of circles, arcs, and symmetrical objects and to aid in dimensioning
the parts of the object.
a. object line
b. center line
c. dimension line
d. extension line
3. When is outside dimensioning applied?

a. dimensioning on arcs and circles
b. parts of the object are not visible
c. space between edges of the objects are narrow
d. space between edges of the objects are too wide
4. When locating dimension between circles, dimension is placed

a. center-to-edges of circles
b. between endpoint edges of circles
c. between near point edges of circles
d. center-to-center distances between circles
5. Figures or numbers in a dimension line are properly drawn

a. after the arrowhead
b. before the arrowhead
c. parallel at the middle of the arrows
d. perpendicular at the middle of the arrows
6. What is the linear distance in the blueprint of a 10.0-meter distance if the scale applied is 1:400?
a. 2.5 cm
b. 3.0 cm
c. 6.25 cm
d. 7.5 cm
7. What is the appearance of a line inclined to the plane of projection?

a. appears as a point
b. appears as a line or edge
c. appears shorter or foreshortened
d. appears in its exact or true shape and size
8. This refers to the representation of the exact shape of an object in two or more views as they are seen
perpendicularly from its surface.
a. views
b. projections
c. orthographic drawing
d. orthographic projection
9. This view is used to show surfaces beneath the object.

a. top view
b. rear view
c. side view
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d. bottom view

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10. Which views are used to measure the length of the object?
a. top and side view
b. front and top view
c. front and side view
d. side and bottom view
11. Front view serves as reference in projecting the required dimension to the side view.
a. width of the object
b. length of the object
c. thickness of the object
d. length and width of the object
12. What is the purpose of projection lines in orthographic drawing?

a. transfer dimensions
b. measure dimensions of the object
c. views are seen perpendicularly from its surfaces
d. extend dimensions of the object to different views
13. What will be the appearance of the object when

viewed from the top?
a. b. c. d.
14. Two pieces of metal are aligned approximately at the same plane.
a. lap joint
b. butt joint
c. edge joint
d. corner joint
15. Fillet weld is applied to the following types of weld joint except
a. T-joint
b. lap joint
c. edge joint
d. corner joint
16. This is the primary part of the welding symbol and where the basic weld symbol is positioned.
b. tail
c. arrow
d. weld symbol
e. reference line
17. Weld symbol attached beneath the reference line indicating that the welding process will be based on its application.
b. arrow side of the joint
c. other side of the joint
d. both sides of the joint
e. any parts of the joint
18. Important information is noted from the tail of the welding symbol to supplement the welding process.
a. welding process
b. basic weld symbol
c. size of the weld
d. position of the weld

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19. Why is melt through symbol included in the welding symbol?
a. to prevent weld defect
b. to produce good penetration
c. to produce required root reinforcement
d. to produce required face reinforcement
20. When backing symbol is supplemented to the AWS welding symbol, an expected output of the weld joint is required.
a. melt through
b. burn through
c. control root reinforcement
d. control face reinforcement

Course Title:
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Competency Assessment
Demonstration
Direction: Given the orthographic views, you are required to perform the following task in 1 hour:
1. Isometric drawing except welding symbols; and

2. Welding code positions and applications based on the welding symbols.
Example for Activity #2
1 = Welding position - Vertical Position

= Welding application – Square Butt Joint
Orthographic Views

Course Title:
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Answer Key
Written
1. d
2. b
3. c
4. d
5. c
6. a
7. c
8. d
9. d
10. b
11. c
12. d
13. a
14. b
15. c
16. d
17. a
18. a
19. c
20. c

Course Title:
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Answer Key
Oral Questioning
1. What is the approximate thickness of the extension line as compared to the object line?
- At least ¼ of the thickness of the object line.
2. In which view is the length of the object is the same?

- Front view and top view

- Outside dimensioning is applied when the space is narrow or limited.
4. What is the appearance of the line or edge inclined to the plane of projection?
- The line or edge will appear shorter or foreshortened.
5. What view is illustrated at the right axes of the pictorial drawing?

- Right side view of the object.
6. What should be included in the welding symbol when the welded joint requires grinding?
- Finishing symbol
7. What is the meaning of the circle drawn in the welding symbol?

- Weld all around. The joint will be welded all around.
8. What part of the welding symbol if weld testing will be applied on weld joint?
- Tail of the welding symbol
9. How will you determine that the welded joint is in accordance with the standard?
- The welded satisfied the welding procedures and specification
Demonstration
1. Isometric Drawing
2. Welding Code Positions and Applications

2 = Welding position - Horizontal Position
= Welding application – Square butt joint, weld all around
3 = Welding position – Vertical Position

= Welding application - Square butt joint
4 = Welding position – 3F
= Welding application – Fillet weld on both sides
= Welding application – Fillet weld on arrow side
= Welding application – Fillet weld, weld all around

Course Title:
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2 Interpret Drawings and Sketches

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2 Interpret Drawings and Sketches

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COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

UNIT OF COMPETENCY Interpret Drawings and Sketches

NOMINAL DURATION: 8 Hours

At the end of this module, you MUST be able to:

1. Identify standard alphabet of lines;

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

Module Title: Interpreting Drawings and Sketches

Learning Outcome Learning Content Progress Check Training Page

1. Identify standard 1. Alphabet of Lines and Self-check

2. Identify orthographic 1. Orthographic Views Self-check

3. Interpret standard 1. Types of Weld Joints Self-check

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

Unit of Competency : Interpret Drawings and Sketches

Module Title : Interpreting Drawings and Sketches

Upon completion of the module, the trainees/students should be able to:

1. Identify standard alphabet of lines;

1. Alphabets of lines are identified.

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

1. Drawing Illustrating objects using drawing instruments

2. Sketching Freehand drawing

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

Qualification : SMAW NCI

Unit of Competency : Interpret Drawings and Sketches

Module Title : Interpreting Drawings and Sketches

Learning Outcome #1 : Identify Standard Alphabet of Lines

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

LEARNING OUTCOME #1: Identify Standard Alphabet of Lines

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

At the end of the lesson, the trainees are expected to:

1. Identify the different types of basic lines used in drawing; and

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

__________ ____ __________

__________ __ __ ________ __ __ __________

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

5. Used to show the visible shape of the object.

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

At the end of the lesson, the trainees are expected to;

1. Observed proper dimensioning on the illustrated objects.

1. Dimensioning should generally be placed between views.

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

3. Dimension lines should be parallel to the edge or line being measured.

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

9. Only metric measurements should appear in drawings

Note: Use one system of measurement in every drawing

10. Continuous dimensions should be used whenever possible.

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

1. This gives the total thickness, width, and length of an object.

2. Figures or numbers are located

3. Dimensioning should be strictly be followed except,

4. When is staggered dimensioning applied?

5. Among the illustration below, which is not allowed in dimensioning?

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

Sector: Date Developed: Document No.:

At the end of the lesson, the trainees are expected to;