Music

Lesson Asian Musical Theater:

2 Japanese Theater

Target

This module will help you understand the characteristics of Japanese Theater
through video films or live performances.

Most Essential Learning Competency

1. Identifies musical characteristics of selected Asian musical theater

through video films or live performances; (MU8THIVa-g-1)
2. Describes the instruments that accompany Kabuki, Wayang Kulit,
Peking Opera; (MU8THIVa-g-2)
3. Describes how a specific idea or story is communicated through music
in a particular Asian musical theater. (MU8THIVb-h-3)

Jumpstart

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. It is the traditional theater of Japan.

A. Kabuki B. Peking Opera C. Wayang Kulit D. Gamelan
2. It is the popular folk song of Japan that uses pentatonic scale.
A. Sitsiritsit B. Rasa Sayang C. Sakura D. Chan mali Chan
3. The most important Japanese contribution to the world of theater
A. Kabuki B. Peking Opera C. Wayang Kulit D. Gamelan
4. It refers to the male roles of Japanese theater
A. Aragato B.Onna-gata C. Oppa D. Senpai
5. The style used mostly in the performance of Noh and Kabuki.
A. Diatonic B. Octave C. Pentatonic D. Triad

1
 Discover

Kabuki Theater
Japan is rich in culture and tradition. Kabuki is one of the traditions that is
very popular until today. It is the traditional form of theater which began at the end
of the 16th century. It became the most successful theater entertainment in the
red-light districts of the great cities and considered as the most important
Japanese contribution to World Theater. Noh and kabuki are unique and genuine
expressions of the Japanese spirit and culture. However, they mirror taste and
ideals of different social classes, in profoundly different environments and periods.
Sakura is one of the popular traditional songs of Japan. It is a traditional song that
produces distinct characteristics used in the Asian style of making melodies also
known as the pentatonic scale. The pattern is mainly developed by using the
pentatonic style adopted mainly from China. This style is mostly used in the
performance of noh and kabuki.

Vocal Pattern & Techniques

• Ipponchōshi or the continuous pattern is used in speeches building up to an
explosive climax in the aragoto (oversized, supernatural, rough hero) style. It
requires an extraordinary breath control that only few experts succeed in achieving.
• Nori is adapted from the chanting of jōruri (a traditional Japanese narrative
music in which a tayū (太夫) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen). It implies
a very sensitive capacity of riding the rhythms of the shamisen (string instrument),
declaiming each accompaniment.
• Yakuharai is the subtle delivery of poetical text written in the Japanese metrical
form of alternating seven and five syllables

Japanese Shamisen Music

• Gagaku – classic court music imported from China during the 18th century
• Kagura – performed in Shinto shrines
• Nō – chant derives from shōmyō
• Shōmyō – the sophisticated and rich tradition of Buddhist chanting
• Nagauta – a love song which reached a golden age in the first half of the 19th
century as dance music for the henge mono (quick-change piece)

2
 Explore

Activity 1
Direction: Write the missing word in the blank below to complete the statement.
1. ____________ is the most successful theater entertainment in the red-light
districts of the great cities.
2. _________ and ____________ are unique and genuine expressions of the
Japanese spirit and culture.
3. ______________ is used in speeches building up to an explosive climax in the
aragoto.
4. ______________ adopted mainly from China and mostly used in the
performance of noh and kabuki.
5. Nori is adapted from the chanting of ______________.

Deepen

Activity 2: What to Reflect

Directions: Make your own Journal by answering the following questions briefly.
Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Why is Kabuki theater relevant to the social, cultural and spiritual
background of Japan?
2. What is the significance of Kabuki performance to spectators?
3. How does Kabuki theater influence theater art forms in the East Asian
region?
4. What is the importance of Japanese Musical theater in Asian theater art
forms?
5. How does Kabuki theater communicate tales of everyday social and cultural
relevance and interest?

3
 Gauge

Activity 3
Direction: Identify the musical characteristics of Kabuki theater. Choose your
answer from the box below.

Gagaku Sakura Nagauta Yakuharai Nori

1. It is the popular folk song of Japan that uses pentatonic scale.

2. It is a classic court music imported from China during the 18th century.
3. A love song which reached a golden age in the first half of the 19th
century as dance music for the henge mono.
4. The subtle delivery of poetical text written in the Japanese metrical form
of alternating seven and five syllables.
5. Adapted from the chanting of jōruri.

4
 Arts

History of the Festival and

Lesson
Theatrical Forms and its
2
Evolution

This module was designed for your advantage and especially written to suit
your needed knowledge about history of the festival and theatrical forms and its
evolution. This can be used in all types of learning situations as the diversity of
students in terms of their vocabulary level is being put into consideration. The
lessons are recognized, but it was modified to match with the textbook you are now
using.

Target

After going through this module, you are expected to:Q

 Researches on the history of the festival and theatrical forms and its
evolution, and describe how the community participates and
contributes to the event

5
 Jumpstart

Activiti 1: Matching Type

Direction: Match the different festivals/theatre art forms in column A with the
appropriate picture in column B.

A B
_____1. A.

Nang Shadow Puppets

_____2. B.

Taiko Drum Festival

_____3. C.
Loi Krathong Festival

_____4 D.

Sarsuela

_____5 Peking Opera E.

6
 Discover
History of the festival and theatrical forms and its evolution
Lesson 1: Theater Arts
Peking Opera

Peking Opera is one of the most popular traditional

Chinese theater basically originated in Beijing in the late
18th century, it is a comparatively innovative style of
drama, merging music, song, dance and acrobatics in a
lively and colorful presentation.
In the year 1790, the origin of Peking Opera can be
traced in Beijing when four seasoned drama troupes from
Anhui province arrived in the capital to perform for the https://www.viator.com/en-
PH/tours/Beijing/Peking-Opera-
imperial court in celebration of eightieth birthday of the Experience-at-Liyuan-Theater/d321-
Qianlong Emperor. The occasion manifests the first time
regional popular theater was performed in Beijing. The
four troupes later came to be known as the ‘four great Anhui companies,’ and
together conquered Peking Opera for the next century.
The stories fell into two main categories – wen, or civil theater, which
focused on love, marriage and other civilian concerns, and wu, or military theater,
which revolved around the theme of war and was known for featuring thrilling
acrobatic feats.
In the 19th century, a theater district recognized itself in central Beijing, just
south of the Imperial City. The playhouses also operated as tea houses, and
patrons were served food and tea as they enjoyed the shows. Remarkably, the
powerful Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908) was an enthusiastic patron of Peking
Opera. She had two stages built in the Summer Palace, as well as a smaller stage
in her private quarters, and often summoned the city’s most gifted artists to the
royal palace to perform for her.

Kabuki of Japan

The Kabuki form dates from the early 17th century,

when a female dancer named Okuni (who had been an
attendant at the Grand Shrine of Izumo), attained popularity
with parodies of Buddhist prayers. She gathered around all
her troupe of wandering female performers who danced and
acted. Okuni’s Kabuki was the first dramatic
https://japan-
entertainment of any importance that was intended for the magazine.jnto.go.jp/en/1508_kabuki.htm
tastes of the common people in Japan. The sensuous
character of the dances proved to be too disruptive for the government, which in
1629 women are excluded from performing. Young boys dressed as women then
performed the programs, but in 1652 this type of Kabuki was ended, again for the
reason of moral concern. Finally, older men took over the roles, and this form of all-
male entertainment that has endured to the present day. Kabuki plays grew in
sophistication, and the acting became more subtle.

Finally, by the early 18th century, Kabuki had become an recognized art
form that was capable of the serious, dramatic presentation of genuinely moving

7
situations. As traders and other commoners in Japan began to rise on the social
and economic scale, Kabuki, as the people’s theatre, provided a vivid commentary
on contemporary society. Actual historical events were transferred to the
stage; Chūshingura (1748), for example, was an essentially faithful dramatization
of the famous incident of 1701–03 in which a band of 47 rōnin (masterless samurai),
after having waited patiently for almost two years, wreaked their revenge upon the
man who had forced the suicide of their lord. Similarly, nearly all the “lovers’
double suicide” (shinjū) plays of the playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon were
based on actual suicide pacts made between ill-fated lovers.

The strongest ties of Kabuki are to the Noh and to jōruri, the puppet theatre
that developed during the 17th century. Kabuki derived much of its material from
the Noh, and, when Kabuki was banned in 1652, it reestablished itself by adapting
and parodying kyōgen . During this period a special group of actors,
called onnagata, emerged to play the female roles; these actors often became the
most popular of their day.

Wayang Kulit of Indonesia

Wayang or shadow puppets are inseparable from

Indonesian culture. The process of making Wayang and
the subsequent performance includes acting, singing,
music, speech, literary, painting, sculpturing, chiseling
and carving. The origin of the puppets has been traced
to Indonesia. The most popular puppet performances
enact the epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata from https://www.thejakartapost.com/mult
India, although the story in Indonesia is very different. imedia/2019/07/15/wayang-kulit-a-
Puppetry has been in Indonesia since 10th century, story-of-shadows.html
and a manuscript Ramayana Kakawin in old Javanese,
it was written during the reign of Hindus in Mataram (989-910) as a proof.

Wayang was established into a high art form during the reign of the King of
Kahuripan – Prabu Airlangga (1976 – 1012). References to wayang in Airlangga’s
era can be traced in inscriptions of the Book of Arjunawiwaha, written by Empu
Kanwa. Though this is a composition of Mahabharata from India, it was influenced
by the philosophy of Javanese life.

Another example is the Bharatayuda Kakawin, it was written by Empu

Sedah and Empu Panuluh, its differ from the Indian Mahabharata. Bharatayuda
Kakawin was written during the Kediri kingdom, ruled by King Jayabaya (1130 –
1160). Wayang progressed and developed very rapidly in early 16th century with
the rise of Sultan Demak and his patronage on the wayang. One of the outcomes
was that the wayang puppet figures became very stylized and no longer resembled
the human face and reflected the change in philophy and religion. In Sunan
Kalijaga, the philosophy of Islam was found in the wayang performances.

Nang Shadow Puppets Show of Thailand

Puppetry is one of the ancient art form in

Thailand. The earliest historical proof that mentions
the puppet performance in Thailand is a foreign
account written by Bishop Tachard, an envoy of Louis
http://mygrade8art.blogspot.com/2017/05/n
XIV of France, who visited Ayutthaya in 1685. ang-shadow-puppet-of-thailand.html

8
Additional evidence noting about Thai puppet show is a record made by a French
Minister Simon de la Loubere, who was also sent to Ayutthaya by King Louis XIV in
1707 during the reign of King Narai. Both written records are considered proxy
evidence of the existence of Thai puppet show, probably originated earlier than the
reign of King Narai or at least 300 years ago. It is also evident that later during the
reign of King Taksin of Thonburi (1767 – 1782) puppet show continued to be
regularly performed in various royal ceremonies. http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-
asia/Thailand/sub5_8e/entry-3264.html

Philippine Sarswela

Various theater art forms around the world from

different countries are seen and shown in television,
movie houses and through the internet. One example is
the Philippine Zarzuela. This type of Philippine theater art https://thestageandthestudio.w
and performance reflects the culture and different ordpress.com/2013/10/11/phil
scenarios of life in the Philippines. It was influenced by ippine-zarsuela/
the Spaniards when they colonized the country, Eventually, it became
a part of the Philippine culture.
In Spain, the Zarzuela, as said by Rachel Penn Adams, an American
historian “emerged from Spain’s long tradition of musical drama and dance”. It
started as poetry with Spanish instrumental music and religious text, afterward
evolved to become a dominant form of entertainment in Spain. When the Spaniards
arrived in the Philippines to colonize it, their culture was introduced to the
Filipinos and that included the Zarsuela. The Cultural Center of the Philippines
said that “the zarzuela was brought to Manila in 1879.

Lesson 2: Festivals

Chinese Spring: New Year Festival

The origins of the Chinese New Year festival are

thousands of years old and are steeped in legends.
A small-scale Spring Festival is said to have been
celebrated as early as at the time of the legendary sage-
emperors Yao and Shun. Historically, various Chinese
dynasties celebrated the Spring Festival in different ways, https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsa
and at times influenced each other and added ndsoda/2018/02/16/586285104/chin
certain customs and traditions to it. ese-new-year-plays-out-differently-

The Spring Festival is supposed to have been for-the-haves-and-have-nots

initiated in the Shang Dynasty (Chinese: Pinyin: Shāng
cháo) and the custom of ancestor worship was included in the festivities. During
the Western Zhou Dynasty (Chinese: Pinyin: Xī zhōu), it was custom to begin
agriculture on New Year celebration.

During the Han Dynasty (Chinese: Pinyin: Hàn cháo), the formation of the
rituals became popular, including ceremonial gathering and the use of 'fireworks' in
the form of burning bamboo started to appear during the celebrations. Due to
thermal expansion when bamboo with its cavity is on fire, it bursts and makes a
loud bang and hence is regarded as 'early firework.

9
 During the Cao Wei (Chinese: Pinyin: Cáo wèi) and Jin Dynasties (Chinese:
Pinyin: Jìn cháo) the practice of shou sui (Chinese: Pinyin: shǒusuì, translated:
guarding age or guarding the year) became popular as well as the use
of firecrackers. Shou sui is the gathering and staying together during the time
between the change of the years. Displaying riddles on lanterns during the Lantern
Festival became popular during the Tang Dynasty (Chinese: pinyin: Táng cháo) and
solving the riddles on the lanterns is known as caidengmi (traditional Chinese:
pinyin: cāidēngmí).

In the Song Dynasty (Chinese: Pinyin: Sòng cháo) hollowed bamboo poles
firecrackers became loaded with gunpowder. Gunpowder was discovered in China
in the Tang Dynasty by Taoist monks-alchemists searching for an elixir of
immortality. Emperor Taizu of the Northern Song Dynasty was presented with the
first gunpowder - impregnated fire arrows in 969 AD. Since the Southern Song
Dynasty (Chinese: pinyin: Nán sòng) fishermen along the coast of Guangzhou
started to establish the tradition of eating the yusheng dish on renri, the 7th day of
the Chinese New Year celebration.

Taiko Drum Festival of Japan

Taiko is an ancient Japanese form of
percussion by means of striking large drums. The
drums range in different sizes from roughly a
snare drum ("shime"), to drums as huge as a car
(the "o-daiko"). The most common drum size in
taiko is the "chu-daiko" which is the size of a
wine barrel. Throughout the 1900's, Taiko
drumming became a musical art form that
tangled with music ensemble and tightly
choreographed movements. This is taiko as we Photo by Rikujojieitai Boueisho on
see it nowadays. Wikimedia Commons.

Drums were used in ancient times to

signify the boundaries of a village. Peasant events such as the rice harvest of dance
festivals were celebrated with drums.
Drums were used to pray for rain and other religious ceremonies. Drums
lead warriors into battles in order to scare off the enemy.

Balinese Dance Festival of Indonesia

Dance Came into Balinese Culture since the 8th
Century, before Hinduism reached Bali, locals from
villages had invented dance rituals to fend off the evil
spirit. In 15th century, when artists from Java fled
and arrived at Bali, they changed the entire art and
culture scene. From 15th to 19th century during the
Balinese Kingdom era, many Balinese dances were
https://www.balispirit.com/co
invented, especially ones that were tied to Hindu mmunity/blog/traditional-
beliefs. Part of these dances also includes an balinese-dance
understanding of the Balinese history, Hindu
mythology epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata, so as to convey a story
through a dance. Since early 1900s, these dances became a huge and
important source of entertainment for the tourists who visited Bali.

10
Lantern Festivals of Thailand

Sky Lantern (Yi Peng) Fetival

The Yi Peng Lantern Festival is one of the
unique special holidays celebrated by the Lanna people
of northern Thailand. In Chiang Mai, the stronghold of
Lanna culture, houses and temples are ornamented
with flamboyant lanterns to mark the approach of the
https://www.afar.com/magazine/6-
holiday.
lantern-festivals-thatll-brighten-your-
The “Festival of Lights” was adapted from life
Brahmin origins and has close ties with the ancient
Lanna Kingdom. Yee Peng traditionally was celebrated as a stand-alone event to
mark the end of the monsoon season and the beginning of the cool season, however,
nowadays it is celebrated in tandem with Loy Krathong. Although other towns and
cities in northern Thailand celebrate Yee Peng.

Loy or Loi Krathong Festival

The tradition is said to have begun in the 13th

century when a young queen made a small boat
adorned with candles and sent it down the river.
It is a ritual honoring Phra Mae Kongka, the goddess of
water. The construction of colorful boats was a way of
not only giving thanks for the abundance of water, but
https://www.google.com/search?q=
also a way to seek forgiveness for overuse and pollution. loi+krathong+festival&tbm=isch&ve
Today, Loy Krathong is way for people to make a wish d=2ahUKEwjTvKzLrdTuAhUhNqYKHa
and look toward the future. 4kBvcQ2-

Ati-Atihan

A festival of this stature is bound to have legends

and stories associated with its origin. One line of thought
claims that the Ati-Atihan festival came into being when
members of the local tribe, Aetas, gave shelter to the
refugee members of the Datus tribe from the neighboring
Borneo region. It is said that later, during a time of
famine, the Datus tribe returned the favor and took in the
https://expertworldtravel.com/phil
Aetas to provide food and shelter. To celebrate the spirit ippines/ati-atihan-festival/
of this friendship, the Ati-Atihan fiesta was born, the
name of the festival literally meaning ‘to pretend or to be like the Aetas’. In the
present day, participants of the Ati-Atihan festivities paint their faces black with
soot in remembrance of the Aetas tribe and their generosity.

However, Ati-Atihan also harbors religious affiliations which came in much

later, only after the Spanish colonial rule of the Philippines started. Thousands of
local Filipinos converted to Christianity during this time and the Ati-Atihan festival
saw cultural and religious traditions merge for the first time. Over the years, Ati-
Atihan has also come to be associated with the Santo Niño (Infant/Baby Jesus) and
a big part of the current celebrations revolve around paying respect to him.

11
 Explore

Activity 2: I Recognized It!

Direction: Fill-up the correct information to complete the table below. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Country Theater Arts Festivals

China
Japan
Indonesia
Thailand
Philippines

Deepen

Activity # 3: Let’s Reflect!

Direction: Answer the follow-up questions below. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
Country Theater Arts How does the theater arts reflect the different
aspect of their culture?
1. China
2. Japan
3. Indonesia
4. Thailand
5. Philippines

Country Festival How does the festival reflect the different

aspect of their culture?
1. China
2. Japan
3. Indonesia
4. Thailand
5. Philippines

12
RUBRIC
5 4 3 2 TOTAL
Quality of Piece was Piece was Piece had Piece had
Writing written in written in an little style no style.
an extra interesting Give some Gives no
ordinary style new new
style Somewhat information information
Very informative but poorly and very
informative and organized organized poorly
and well organized
organized
Grammar Absolutely Few spelling A number of So many
usage and no spelling, and spelling, spelling,
Mechanics punctuatio punctuations punctuations punctuation
ns or errors, minor or and
grammatica grammatical grammatical grammatical
l errors. errors. errors. errors that
interferes
with the
meaning

13
 Gauge

Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the answer
that corresponds to the given statement/situation. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

______1. It is an ancient Japanese form of percussion by means of

striking large drums.
A. Balinese Dance C. Peking Opera
B. Kabuki D. Taiko
______2. It is one of the most popular traditional Chinese theaters
basically originated in Beijing in the late 18th century.
C. Kabuki C. Peking Opera
D. Nang Shadow Puppet D. Wayang Kulit
______3. It is one of the unique special holidays celebrated by the Lanna
people of northern Thailand.
A. Chinese New Year C. Sky Lantern Festival
B. Loi Krathong Festival D. Wayang Kulit
______4. It is one of the ancient art forms in Thailand.
A. Kabuki C. Puppetry
B. Opera D. Wayang
______5. It is a ritual honoring PHra Mae Kongka, the goddess of water.
A. Chinese New Year C. Sky Lantern Festival
B. Loi Krathong Festival D. Wayang Kulit
______6. Which of the following festivals being celebrated in Indonesia?
A. Balinese Dance Festival C. Sky Lantern Festival
B. Loi Krathong Festival D. Taiko Drum Festival
______7. Which of the following theatrical arts popularized in
Philippines?
A. Kabuki C. Sarswela
B. Nang Shadow Puppet D. Wayang Kulit
______8. Which of the following materials was used to create sky
lantern?
A. Bamboo and Banana leaves C. Metal wire and Paper
B. Bamboo stick and Rice paper D. Metal wire and plastics
______9. You are born in a place where one of your tradition is to
celebrate sky lantern festival, you are from what country?
A. China B. Indonesia C. Japan D. Thailand
______10. You are invited to attend Loi Ktathong festival, which of the
following countries should you booked for your flight?
B. China B. Indonesia C. Japan D. Thailand

14
 Physical Education

Lesson Philippine Folk Dances

2 with Asian Influence

Target

Most Essential Learning Competency

-Describes the nature and background of the dance. PE8PFIVc-1

Jumpstart

Activity 1: All About Folk Dance

Direction: Complete the 10 rays beside the circle by writing words that are
expressed/presented in FOLK DANCES. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper. The first one is done for you.

Traditions

FOLK
DANCE

15
 Discover
NATURE AND BACKGROUND OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES
WITH ASIAN INFLUENCE

BINISLAKAN

Dance Reseacher: Francisca Reyes

Aquino
Meaning: With the use of sticks
Dance Culture: Christian-lowland
Place of Origin: Lingayen, Pangasinan
Country of Influence: China
Ethno-linguistic Group: Pangasinense
Classification: Social Dance

https://www.google.com/search?q=binislakan+folk+dance+b
ackground&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwil5r
6I6cDwAhWGHqYKHWneDCkQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&cshid=16
20708346775615&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=g0N8T1qOsRk
VmM&imgdii =0nNd05O4B4UanM

Binislakan folk dance came to the Philippines with Chinese immigrants. It

is a folk dance performed with a stick known as bislak. Binislakan dance
was performed to commemorate the stay of limahong. Limahong is a
Chinese pirate who built his kingdom in Lingayen. A Chinese word was
given to the name Lingayen by the Chinese settlers of this place a long time
ago and it was derived from a Chinese word li-king-tung. Lingayen in
Pangasinan means to look backward and upward that is why the binislakan
dancers look backward or upward in some movements.
Binislakan folk dance performed with two sticks known as bislak imitating
the chopstick used by the Chinese in eating. The dance
called binislakan which in pangasinan means " with the use of sticks".

16
SUA-KU-SUA

Dance Reseacher: Ramon A. Obusan

Meaning: My Pomelo Tree
Dance Culture: Muslim-lowland (Coastal)
Place of Origin: Jolo, Sulu
Country of Influence: China, Malaysia,
Indonesia
Ethno-linguistic Group: Tausug
Classification: Courtship Dance

https://www.google.com/search?q=binislakan+folk+dan
ce+background&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=su
akusua&biw=

Sua Ku Sua means My Pomelo Tree, it originated in Jolo, Sulu where

most of the people living there are famers or sea farmers. They are rich of
the Coconut Trees and Pomelo Trees which greatly influenced the dance Sua
Ku Sua.
The pomelo tree was described of having fragrant flowers, slender branches
and bears a beautiful fruit., they used this to symbolize a lady of
sophistication. The Sua Ku Sua was made to be a courtship dance where
it is performed by two people or more mostly by a male and a female.
They prepare themselves by putting on:

 White rice powder on their faces

 Uses fan as a interactive tool for the dance
 A much more intensified eyebrows and sideburns

The Costumes for the dancers of Sua Ku Sua:

1. Barawasi and Sawal- this is for the females where it is of festive colors
and filled with brass buttons and is made of Chinese Silk. Sawal is the
pants that is made of Silk.
2. Siyag- a wrap that is put on their shoulders
3. Accessories- such as head pieces, necklaces, and earrings
4. Bojo and Sawal- this is the top for the male dancers also has the same
details as Barawasi
5. Accessories- belt, hat and scarf that is hand woven

17
PANGALAY

Dance Reseacher: Francisca Reyes Aquino

Meaning: Finger nail
Dance Culture: Muslim-lowland (Coastal)
Place of Origin: Sulu
Country of Influence: Thailand, Malaysia,
Buma, Cambodia & Indonesia
Ethno-linguistic Group: Tausug
Classification: Wedding/Festival Dance

Photo taken from: PE & Health Learner’s

Module pp. 154-159

Pangalay also means “temple of dance” in Sanskrit. Pangalay antedates

Christianity and Islam in the Philippines. Among Philippine indigenous
dances, the pangalay dance style has the richest movement vocabulary. It is
the closest to a classical form.

Pangalay is a living link to the traditional dance cultures of Asia with closest
affinity to the Indian, Javanese, Thai, Burmese and Cambodian styles of
classical dancing.

A living artifact such as the pangalay must be danced constantly, or else it

dies. The beauty of the pangalay dance style is that it can be danced to any
type of music, Asian as well as Western. The pangalay can be danced by
anyone and everyone in the community, regardless of age or status. It can
be danced in any space, be it on a boat, on a house-porch or on the beach.

Pangalay is basically pure dancing. A sense of anti-linear time pervades the

slow, refined, meditative, elegant and almost hypnotic movements. The
continuously flowing or seamless unfolding movement from a central core is
consistent with the pre-modern mode and Eastern sense of multi-level or
anti-linear time that has no definite beginning or ending. This is opposed to
the Western concept of time or the metempsychosis scale.

The dancer’s serious face with downcast eyes creates a mask-like expression,
matched by a countenance generally refined, dignified but without stiffness.

18
SAKUTING

Dance Reseacher: Francisca Reyes Aquino

Meaning: Refers to rhythmic sticks
producing the accompaniment for the
dance
Place of Origin: Abra and Ilocos Norte
Country of Influence: China
Classification: Social Dance

Photo taken from: PE & Health Learner’s Module pp.

154-159

Sakuting is a dance from the province of Abra. It was originally an all-male

dance performance presenting a mock fight between Ilocano Christians and
non-Christians using sticks. The dance is traditionally performed during
Christmas at the town plaza or throughout the town, from one house to
another. The dancers receive aguinaldo (gifts of money) or refreshments
especially prepared for Christmas.

Explore

Activity 2: What Fits in?

Directions: Complete the table below by filling out the needed information. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper

Name of Literal Place of Dance Influenced by

Dance Meaning of the Origin Classification What Asian
Name of the Country?
Dance
Sua Ku- Sua Courtship China, and
Dance Indonesia Malaysia
With the use of Lingayen,
sticks Pangasinan
Sakuting Social Dance
Pangalay Wedding/ Malaysia,
Festival Dance Indonesia,
Thailand, Burma
and Cambodia

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 Deepen

Activity 3: MINIATURE
Directions: From the taken Philippine Folk Dances with Asian Influences, choose
one and make a miniature of a male or female dancer. Use INDEGENOUS or
RECYCLABLE materials in making your miniature.

Criteria for Assessment. CRITERIA POINTS SCORE

Creativity 10
Authenticity 10
Visual Impact 10
Total 30

Gauge

TRUE or FALSE?
Direction: Write “T” if the following statement about folkdances is TRUE and “F” if
FALSE. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

_____1. Philippine folk dances speak so much about the heartbeat of the Filipinos.

_____2. Philippine folk dances express the Filipino customs, ideas, beliefs,
superstitions and events.

_____3. Folk dances do have STORY LINES.

_____4. The steps, costumes and props of the different Philippine folk dances are all
originally conceptualized by the native Filipinos.

_____5. Philippine folk dances truly contribute to the very rich Filipino culture.

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 Health

Prevention of Substance Use

Lesson
and Abuse
2
(The Dangers of Cigarette)

This learning material is designed to inform you about the dangers of

gateway drugs and teach you the various strategies to prevent substance use and
abuse. It will provide you with enough information about prevention, intervention,
and laws governing substance use and abuse. You will also learn about the
implications of cigarettes and alcohol use to self, family, community, and the
country as a whole. Varied activities are designed to help you learn strategies to
prevent cigarette and alcohol use and abuse.

Because they are generally accepted and widely available, cigarette and
alcohol remain as major health threats among Filipinos. What is more alarming is
the fact that the use of these gateway drugs makes a person more vulnerable to
dangerous drugs such as marijuana and shabu. Thus, it is advisable not to light
that first cigarette or drink that first bottle of beer. Live with the principle: “Be
smart, do not start!”

Target

Most Essential Learning Competency

Analyzes the negative health impact of cigarette smoking. H8S-IVb-c-29

 Discusses the dangers of mainstream, second hand and third hand smoke.

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 Jumpstart

ACTIVITY 1:
Text Twister
The following are known dangers of cigarette smoking and tobacco use.
Arrange the letters for each item to decipher the word(s). A hint is provided below
the word(s).

H H I G B O O L D E R U S E S R P
Hint: Too much exertion of blood against the arteries causing damage.

E T A R H I D A S S E E S

Hint: Involves the cardiovascular system

O Y B D O O R D
Hint: Effect of cigarette smoke to your body scent.

D A B A T E B R H

Hint: Foul smell exhaled from the mouth

T A S H A M

Hint: A chronic disease which affects the airways

R E N C A C

Hint: A group of disease which makes body cells grow uncontrollably.

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 Discover
Reading Activity

Tobacco is a tall, leafy plant, originally grown in South and Central America,
but now cultivated throughout the world. There are many species of tobacco but
Nicotiana tabacum or sometimes called common tobacco is preferred for
producing present day cigarettes. Tobacco use has been recorded as early as 600-
900 CE as carved drawings on stones, were discovered in Mexico. American Indians
smoked it for special religious occasions and medical purposes. They never smoked
cigar every day.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco smoking and
chewing is the second leading cause of death around the world. It is responsible for
the death of one in ten adults’ worldwide approximately reaching about 5 million
deaths in a year. It is estimated that the death toll will rise to 10 million each year
by the year 2020.

Each time a person puffs a cigarette of chew tobacco, more than 4,000
chemicals come into his/her contact. All these chemicals harm people in one way
or another. In studies conducted, 43 of these chemicals are known carcinogens.
Carcinogens are substances which cause cancer. Nicotine, the addictive drug found
in tobacco products like cigarettes is a poisonous stimulant. A stimulant drug
increases the central nervous system (CNS) activity. The central nervous system
controls all body organs like the heart, lungs, brain, and processes like heart rate,
blood pressure rate, respiration rate and more.

Every time a cigarette is lighted, smoke is emitted. There are three smokes
produced by cigarette smoking namely:

1. Mainstream Smoke – refers specifically to the smoke that a smoker directly

inhales.

2. Sidestream Smoke – the smoke that comes out of the lighted end of a cigarette or
pipe. This is also called second-hand smoke (SHS) or environmental tobacco
smoke (ETS). This is more dangerous than mainstream smoke.

3. Third-hand-Smoke – smoke left for a long time on sofa, beddings, pillow and
other objects. This smoke also called residual tobacco smoke (RTS) settles along
with dust and can last for months. This smoke still contains harmful chemicals
and carcinogens.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies second-hand smoke as

a Group A carcinogen. This means that cigarette smoke has substance known to
cause cancer to humans. Short exposures to second-hand smoke can also cause
changes in a passive smoke’s blood. It makes the blood platelets stickier, adds
friction to the blood vessels causing damages to the lining, thus, resulting to an
increase in heart rate and performance

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 Explore

Pledge Wall

Materials:
Sample pledge wall
A large paper on board (Manila paper, cartolina, or illustration board)
Several markers or crayons
Sign board

 Place your pledge wall at an easily seen/visible corner of the school

like lobbies, covered courts, open grounds, etc. It will be better if you
will ask permission from your school head.
 Make the corners of your pledge wall colorful and artistic to attract
people to write.
 Ask people (teachers, fellow students, school staff, parents, and guests)
to write on the pledge wall regarding what they can do to prevent and
control cigarette smoking and tobacco use and let them sign their
names. (See the sample below)

SAMPLE PLEDGE WALL

From now on, I will seek help to

prevent smoking!

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 Deepen

Activity: Make your Own Advocacy Material

You will make your own advocacy material.
 Artwork / Poster
Create a poster either manual or digital which depicts the cause and
effect of cigarette use. You can use junk materials to create a three-
dimensional art. Include a title and short description of your
masterwork.

Establish your core message, the main thing you want the public to
know. This message will be carried by your advocacy material and will be
repeatedly mentioned. Add or create your own images like pictures, icons to
visually enhance your advocacy material. If images come from a book,
magazine, website, or other sources, don’t forget to credit these in your
reference. Use the rubric to improve your advocacy material. Submit your
material to your teacher after a week.

Rubric for Advocacy Material Making

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Complete The advocacy All required One (1) of the Two (2) or more
ness of material elements are required required
Elements includes all included in the elements is elements are
required advocacy not included missing in the
elements as well material. in the advocacy
as additional advocacy material.
information. material.
Clarity of All important Almost all Many No important
Labels items on the important items important items where
advocacy on the advocacy items on the labeled; Labels
material are material are advocacy are too small to
clearly labeled; clearly labeled; material are view.
Labels can be Labels can be clearly
read from at read from at labeled; Labels
least 3ft. away. least 3ft. away. can be read
from at least
3ft. away.
Graphic All graphics are All graphics are All graphics Graphics are not
Relevance related to the related to the are related to related to the
and topic and make topics make the topics. topics. All
Credibility them easier to most of them Many of the borrowed
understand. All easier to borrowed graphics do not
borrowed understand. graphics have have a source
graphics have a Some borrowed no source citation.
source citation. graphics have a citation.
source citation.

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Attractive The advocacy The advocacy The advocacy The advocacy
ness material is materials is material is material is
exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
attractive in terms of design, attractive messy and very
terms of design, layout and though it may poorly designed.
layout and neatness. be a bit
neatness. messy.
Grammar There are no There are 1-2 There are 3-4 There are more
grammatical/m grammatical / grammatical/ than 4
echanical mechanical mechanical grammatical/me
mistakes on the mistakes on the mistakes on chanical on the
advocacy advocacy the advocacy advocacy
material. material. material. material.

Gauge

I. True of False
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is
incorrect. Write your answers in your activity sheet.

______1. Second-hand smoke is dangerous to one’s health.

______2. A stimulant drug increases the central nervous system (CNS) activity.
______3. Cigarette smoking and use of smokeless tobacco kill thousands of Filipinos
every year.
______4. The longer cigarette smoke stays in the body, the more it causes damage
to body parts.
______5. Cancer, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD
are just some of the diseases caused by cigarette smoking.

II. MULTIPLE CHOICE; Choose the Correct answer. Write the letter only on the
space provided before the number.

____1. What is the chronic disease that affects our airway?

A. Body odor B. Asthma C. Cancer
____2. Which of the following is the addictive drug found in tobacco products like
cigarettes?
A. Nicotine B. Carcinogens C. Nicotiana tabacum
____3. The smoke that comes out of the lighted end of a cigarette or pipe.
A. Second-hand smoke B. Thirdhand Smoke C. Mainstream Smoke
____4. The common tobacco is also known as ________.
A. Nicotine B. Carcinogens C. Nicotiana tabacum
____5. Which of the following is a smoke left for a long time on sofa, beddings,
pillow and other objects?
A. Second-hand smoke B. Thirdhand Smoke C. Mainstream Smoke

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