T-203 IPA Column

Column diameter = 0.85m, No. of Stages = 19

Cost 2019=$ 56,536 ( 390.4

607.5
)=$ 87,975.46
 1. Column Design Calculation

1.3 Isopropyl Alcohol Column (T-203)

Data from HYSYS:

Parameters Inlet Outlet

12-B (Liquid) 14-A (Liquid) 15 (Liquid)

Pressure (psia) 20.31 17.40 20.31

Temperature (°F) 196.07 179.31 227.842035.29

Mass Flow (lb/hr) 2035.29 610.45 1424.61

Mass Density (lb/ft3 ) 52.14 44.99 58.64

Viscosity (cP) <empty> 0.4587 0.2422

Theoretical Number of Stages 20

Actual Number of Stages 19 (from Turton)

Actual Feed Tray 1st. and 16th tray

Tower Efficiency:
 Theoretical No . of Stages
Tower Efficiency= x 100
Actual No . of Stages
20
Tower Efficiency= x 100
19
Tower Efficiency=100 %
Internal Design of Tower
Aspen HYSYS was used to calculate the diameter of the column T-203. The diameter of the tower was
increased from 0.4595m to 0.8500m or 2.79ft. The internal downcomer clearance of the column was
measured to be 38.1mm to resolve the tower warnings. The default tray spacing of Aspen HYSYS was
retained in 0.6096m.
The photos below show the internal designs of the tower and the summary of the internals of the
column.
The hole area to active area ratio was modified to 0.0419 to prevent the weeping inside the column.
The weir height and weir length were also adjusted to resolve the tower warnings. The photo below
shows the hydraulic plot for the column for each stage. The blue color in the hydraulic plot indicates the
tray with correct internal specifications. The adjustments resulted in a plot with blue colored stages,
indicating that the internals are correct. The results showed a column diameter of 0.8500 m.

Bottoms Spacing Calculations

1. Liquid Volumetric Flowrate
WL
Q L=
60❑ L
1424.61
Q L=
3600(58.64)
ft 3 m3
Q L=0.007 ≈ 1.9822 x 10−4
s s

2. Hold-up Volume
*Chemical Engineering Progress: Table 2. Liquid holdup and surge times
D.2.b Feed to other drum or tankage, without pump, TH = 2 min
V H =T H ( Q L )
 ( )
3
ft
V H =( 2 min . ) 0.40
min
3
V H =0.80 ft

3. Surge Volume
*Chemical Engineering Progress: Table 2. Liquid holdup and surge times
D.2.b Feed to other drum or tankage, without pump, TS = 1 min
V S =T S ( QL )

( )
3
ft
V S =( 1 min . ) 0.40
min
3
V S =0.40 ft
4. Low Liquid Level Height
* Obtain low liquid level height, H LLL, from Table 3. Low Liquid Level Height
D = 0.8500 m, or 2.79 ft., < 300 psia, vertical LLL
H LLL=15∈¿ 1.25 ft

5. Height from Low Liquid Level to Normal Liquid Level

VH
H H=
( π4 )( D ) 2

3
0.80 ft
H H=
( π4 )( 2.79 ft ) 2

H H =0.13 ft

6. Height from Normal Liquid Level to High Liquid Level

VS
HS=
( π4 ) ( D )
2

3
0.40 ft
HS=
( π4 ) (2.79 ft ) 2

H S =0.07 ft
 7. Total Bottom Space
Total Bottom Space=H LLL + H H + H S
Total Bottom Space=1.25 ft+ 0.13 ft +0.07 ft
Total Bottom Space=1.45 ft
Since H LLL+ H H + H S < 5 ft , we will use 5 ft as the height from the bottom to the lowest plate.

Tower Length
Length of Tower =( No . of Actual Stages−∂ Condense−∂ Reboiler ) x Tray Spacing+ Bottom Space+Overhead Spa
Length of Tower =( 19−1−1 ) x ( 2 ft )+ 5 ft +5 ft
Length of Tower =44 ft ≈14 m
8. Total Surface Area
3069
A S=πDL=π ( 2.79 ) ( 44 )= π ft 2
25
A H =1.09 D =1.09 ( 2.79 ) =8.484669 ft 2
2 2

TSA=2 A H + A S
3069
TSA=2 ( 8.484669 )+ π
25
TSA=402.63 ft 2
9. Weight of the Vessel

W =490
ft 3 (
lb 0.1819919631
12 )
ft ( 402.63 ft 2 )

W =2992.08lb =1357 kg ≈ 1400 kg

Shell and Head Thickness for T-203

Design Pressure
P|¿|= P +P ¿
gauge atm

1.4 ¯¿ Pgauge +1.01325 ¯

¿
Normal OP=Pgauge =0.39barg=5.61 psig
Maximum Operating Pressure=5.61+25=30.61 psig
Design Pressure=max ⁡{30.61+25 ,1.1 x 30.61 }
Design Pressure=55.61 psig ≅ 60 psig
Values
E = 0.85
t c = 1/16 in. ≅ 0.0625 in.
MOC: SA 51670 Carbon Steel
Maximum Allowable Stress, S = 17,500 psi (ASME Section II Table IA)
Column Diameter = 0.85 m or 33.46 in.
 10. Shell Thickness

PD
t s= +t
2 SE−1.2 P c

lb
2
(60
)(33.46∈.)
t s= ¿ + 0.0625∈.
lb lb
2(17,500 2 )( 0.85)−1.2(60 2 )
¿ ¿

t S=0.1301460678∈≈ 4 mm

11. Head Thickness

D < 15 ft. and P < 100 psig, therefore Dished Head
0.885 PD
t H= +t
SE−0.1 P c

lb
0.885(60 )(33.46∈.)
t H= ¿2 +0.0625∈.
lb lb
( 17,500 2 )(0.85)−0.1(60 2 )
¿ ¿

t H =0.1819919631∈≈ 5 mm
12. Nozzle Sizing
Inlet Nozzle Diameter:

( )
1
4 QL 2
π x 60
dN≥
√ ρL
(≥ 4 xπ0.0108
x 60 )
1
2

dN =0.002097 ft ≅ 0.025164∈¿
√ 52.14
∴ Use1 Schedule 4
Outlet Nozzle Diameter:
Liquid Outlet Data: v = 1 – 4 m/s

Use :
√ 4 QL
vπ

√ √
−4
4 x 1.9822 x 10 4 x 1.9822 x 10− 4
< dL <
4xπ 1x π
0.007943 m<d L <0.01589 m
0.3127∈¿ d L <0.6256∈¿
∴ Use1 ' ' Schedule 40