MECC481 - Week2 - Solid Mensuration Analytic Geometry

Solid Mensuration &
Analytic Geometry
MECC 481 Module 2
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1-CITU

Before you proceed, check
the weekly tasks found in
slide 103
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
Topic 3: Solid Mensuration
ILO1. Recall properties of circles, triangles, polygons, etc.
ILO2. Calculate plane areas, surface areas, volumes, etc.
ILO3. Create and evaluate worded problems in solid mensuration
Topic 4: Analytic Geometry
ILO1. Recall formula in finding distance between two points, straight line equations,
ILO2. Evaluate properties of circle, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, tangents and normal conics.
ILO3. Create and evaluate worded problems in analytic geometry.

Solid Mensuration
MECC 481 Topic 3

POLYGONS
Two classifications
1. Convex Polygon – no interior angle
greater than 180°
2. Concave Polygon – at least one
angle greater than 180°

POLYGONS
For n –sides regular polygon
𝒏
1. Number of diagonals = (𝒏 − 𝟑)
𝟐
𝒏−𝟐
2. Interior angles (each) = (𝟏𝟖𝟎°)
𝒏
3. Sum of interior angles = (𝒏 − 𝟐)𝟏𝟖𝟎°
4. Sum of exterior angles = 360 °
CIRCLES
Key Formulas and Theorems
2
1. Area = π𝑟
2. Circumference (C) = 2π𝑟
1 2
3. Area of Sector (A) = 𝑟
2
4. Arc length (S) = rϴ
1 2
5. Segment Area = 𝑟 (ϴ − sin ϴ)
2
CIRCLES
The central angle is
equal to the arc
𝜶 = 𝑨𝒓𝒄 (𝑨𝑩)

CIRCLES
The inscribed angle
is one-half of the
central angle
𝟏 𝟏
𝜷 = 𝜽 = 𝐀𝐫𝐜 (𝐀𝐁)
𝟐 𝟐
CIRCLES
Angles subtended
on the same arc are
equal
𝟏
𝜷= 𝜽
𝟐

CIRCLES
Triangle inscribed in circle
𝑨𝒕 = 𝒓𝒔

CIRCLES
Triangle circumscribed in circle
𝒂𝒃𝒄
𝑨𝒕 =
𝟒𝒓

PARALLELOGRAM
𝑨 = 𝒂𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝑷 = 𝟐(𝒂 + 𝒃)

RECTANGLE
𝑨 = 𝒂𝒃
𝑷 = 𝟐(𝒂 + 𝒃)

SQUARE
𝟐
𝑨=𝒂
𝑷 = 𝟒𝒂

RHOMBUS
𝟐
𝑨 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝑷 = 𝟒𝒂
𝜽

TRAPEZOID
𝟏
𝑨= 𝒂+𝒃 𝒉
𝟐
𝟏
𝒎 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)
𝟐

CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL
Bramaguptha’s Formula
𝑨= (𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)(𝒔 − 𝒅)

𝟏
𝒔 = (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝒅)
𝟐
(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒄𝒅)(𝒂𝒄 + 𝒃𝒅)(𝒂𝒅 + 𝒃𝒄)
𝒓=
𝟒𝑨

ELLIPSE
𝑨 = 𝝅𝒂𝒃
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒂
𝑷 = 𝟐𝝅
𝟐
𝒃

POLYHEDRONS

REGULAR POLYHEDRON

Rectangular Parallelepiped
𝑽 = 𝒂𝒃𝒄
𝑺𝑨 = 𝟐(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒂𝒄)
𝑳𝑨 = 𝟐(𝒃𝒄 + 𝒂𝒄)

Cube
𝟑
𝑽=𝒂
𝟐
𝑺𝑨 = 𝟔𝒂
𝟐
𝑳𝑨 = 𝟒𝒂

RIGHT PRISM
𝑽 = 𝑨𝒃 𝒉 𝑨𝒃
𝑳
𝑺𝑨 = 𝑳𝑨 + 𝟐𝑨𝒃
𝑳𝑨 = 𝑷𝒃 𝑳

RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER
𝟐
𝑽 = 𝝅𝑹 𝒉
𝑳𝑨 = 𝟐𝝅𝑹𝑳
𝑺𝑨 = 𝑳𝑨 + 𝟐𝑨𝑪

RIGHT PYRAMID
𝟏
𝑽 = 𝑨𝒃 𝒉
𝟑
𝑳𝑨 = 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝑭𝑨
𝑺𝑨 = 𝑳𝑨 + 𝑨𝒃

FRUSTUM OF PYRAMID

FRUSTUM OF CONE

SPHERE
𝟒 𝟑
𝑽 = 𝝅𝒓
𝟑
𝟐
𝑺𝑨 = 𝟒𝝅𝒓

SPHERICAL LUNE
𝟐
𝝅𝒓 𝜽
𝑨=
𝟗𝟎°

SPHERICAL WEDGE
𝟑
𝝅𝒓 𝜽
𝑨=
𝟐𝟕𝟎°

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Given a triangle of sides 10
cm and 15 cm and included
angle of 60°. Find the area
of the triangle. 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝑨 = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟗𝟓 𝒄𝒎 𝟐

Solution
1 1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃 = 10𝑚 15𝑚 sin 60 = 64.95 𝑚2
2 2

SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
In triangle BCD, BC = 25 m
and CD = 10 m. The
perimeter of the triangle
maybe. 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝑷 = 𝟔𝟗 𝒎

Solution
By schwarz's inequality, the sum of two sides must be greater than the third side.
BD < (10 + 25)
𝐵𝐷 = 34
𝑃 = 34 + 25 + 10 = 69 𝑚

SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
The sides of a triangle are 8
cm, 10 cm, and 14 cm.
Determine the radius of the
inscribed circle. 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝒓 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟓 𝒄𝒎

Solution
𝐴𝑡 = 𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑡 = 𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) → 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are sides of the triangle
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 8 𝑐𝑚 + 10 𝑐𝑚 + 14 𝑐𝑚
𝑠= = = 16 𝑐𝑚
2 2
𝐴𝑡 = 16 𝑐𝑚 16𝑐𝑚 − 8𝑐𝑚 16𝑐𝑚 − 10𝑐𝑚 16𝑐𝑚 − 14𝑐𝑚 = 16 6 𝑐𝑚2
𝐴𝑡 16 6 𝑐𝑚2
𝑟= = = 2.45 𝑐𝑚
𝑠 16

SAMPLE PROBLEM 4
The sides of a cyclic
quadrilateral are 3m, 3m, 4m,
and 4m. Solve for the radius
of the circumscribing circle.
𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝒓 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟎

Solution
Using Bramaguptha’s Formula,
𝐴= (𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)(𝑠 − 𝑑)

1 1
𝑠 = 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑 = 3+3+4+4 =7𝑚
2 2
𝐴 = 7 − 3 7 − 3 7 − 4 7 − 4 = 12 𝑐𝑚2
(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑐𝑑)(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑)(𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐)

𝑟=
4𝐴
(3𝑥3 + 4𝑥4)(3𝑥4 + 3𝑥4)(3𝑥4 + 3𝑥4)
𝑟= = 2.50 𝑐𝑚
4(12𝑐𝑚2 )

SAMPLE PROBLEM 5
The rhombus has
diagonals 32 and 20
inches. Determine its area.
𝟐
𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝑨 = 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝒊𝒏

Solution
1 1
𝐴= 𝑑1 𝑑2 = 32 𝑖𝑛 + 20 𝑖𝑛 = 320 𝑖𝑛2
2 2

SAMPLE PROBLEM 6
Find the area of a regular
octagon inscribed in a
circle of radius 10 cm.
𝟐
𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝑨 = 𝟐𝟖𝟐. 𝟖𝟒 𝒄𝒎

Solution
1 360
A = 𝑛𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃 → 𝑛 = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠, 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 10 𝑐𝑚, 𝜃 = = 45 °
2 𝑛
1
𝐴= 10𝑐𝑚 10𝑐𝑚 sin 45° 8 = 282.84𝑐𝑚2
2

SAMPLE PROBLEM 7
Find the area of a regular
pentagon whose side is 25
m and apothem is 17.2 m.
𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝟐

Solution
1 1
A = 𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑛 = 𝑏ℎ 𝑛 = (25 𝑚)(17.2𝑚)(5)
2 2
𝐴 = 1075 𝑐𝑚2
17.2 𝑚
25 𝑚

SAMPLE PROBLEM 8
The angle of a sector is 30
degrees and the radius is
15 cm. What is the area of
the sector?𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝑨 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟗𝟎 𝒄𝒎 𝟐

Solution
1 2 1 2
𝜋
𝐴 = 𝑟 𝜃= 15 𝑐𝑚 30° = 58.9 𝑐𝑚2
2 2 180°

SAMPLE PROBLEM 9
Find the volume of a cone to
be constructed from a sector
having a diameter of 72 cm
and a central angle of 150°.
𝟑
𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝑽 = 𝟕𝟕𝟏𝟎. 𝟗𝟏 𝒄𝒎

Solution
1
𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝐴𝑏 ℎ
3
h→ cone’s height
Using Pythagorean theorem:
36 𝑐𝑚
𝑙 2 = 𝑟 2 + ℎ2 → ℎ = 𝑙 2 − 𝑟 2 150°
Solving r 36
𝜋
Arc length = R𝜃 = 36 𝑐𝑚 𝑥 150° = 30𝜋 𝑐𝑚
180°
Arc length = perimeter of the base, cone
2𝜋𝑟 = 30𝜋 𝑐𝑚 → 𝑟 = 15 𝑐𝑚
ℎ = 36𝑐𝑚 2 − (15𝑐𝑚)2 = 3 119 𝑐𝑚
1 1
𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝐴𝑏 ℎ = 𝜋 15𝑐𝑚 2 3 119 𝑐𝑚 = 7710.91 𝑐𝑚3
3 3

SAMPLE PROBLEM 10
Each side of a cube is
increased by 1%. By what
percent is the volume of
the cube increased?
𝑨𝒏𝒔. % = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟑%

Solution
𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 (1.01𝑎)3 −𝑎3
% 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑥 100% = 3
𝑥 100% = 3.03%
𝑉𝑖 𝑎

SAMPLE PROBLEM 11
Compute the surface area
of the cone having slant
height of 5 cm and a
diameter of 6 cm.
𝟐
𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝑨 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟏𝟐𝒄𝒎

Solution
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 = 𝜋 3𝑐𝑚 5𝑐𝑚 = 47.12 𝑐𝑚2

SAMPLE PROBLEM 12
A pyramid with a square
base has an altitude of 25
cm. If the edge of the base
is 15 cm. Calculate the
volume of the pyramid.
𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝑽 = 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟑
Solution
1 1 2
𝑉= 𝐴𝑏 𝐻 = 15𝑐𝑚 25 𝑐𝑚 = 1875 𝑐𝑚3
3 3

Analytic Geometry
MECC 481 Topic 4

Distance between two points in plane
𝑑= 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2
Distance between two points in space

𝑑= 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2 + 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 2

Slope of a line (m)
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚 = tan 𝜃 =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
For parallel lines
𝑚1 = 𝑚2
For perpendicular lines

𝑚2 = −1/𝑚1
Angle between two lines
𝑚2 − 𝑚1
tan 𝜃 =
1 + 𝑚2 𝑚1
Distance between a point a line
𝐴𝑥1 + 𝐵𝑦1 + 𝐶
Use: 𝑑=
+ if B is positive and the point is above.
± 𝐴 2 + 𝐵 2
the line or to the right of the line
+ if B is negative and the point is below
the line or to the left of the line
- If otherwise

Distance between two parallel lines
Consider two parallel lines with equations
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶1 and 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶2
𝐶1 − 𝐶2
𝑑=
± 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2
Use the sign (either+ or-) that would
make the distance positive.

Coordinates of point that divide a line segment
𝑥1 𝑟2 + 𝑥2 𝑟1
𝑥=
𝑟1 + 𝑟2
𝑦1 𝑟2 +𝑦2 𝑟1
𝑦=
𝑟1 +𝑟2

If mid-point
𝑥1 + 𝑥2
𝑥=
2
𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑦=
2

Area of a polygon using the coordinates of its
vertices
1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥1
𝐴=
2 𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦1
𝐴
1
= ( 𝑥1 𝑦2 + 𝑥2 𝑦3 + 𝑥3 𝑦1
2
− 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑥3 𝑦2 + 𝑥1 𝑦3 )
General equation of a line
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶
Point-slope form
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑥1
Slope-intercept form
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
Intercept form
𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
𝑎 𝑏
Conic Section

Conic Section
General equation,
2 2
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 Eccentricity Conic section
< 0 <1 Ellipse
>0 >1 Hyperbola
=0 =1 Parabola
1. When B is not equal to zero, then the principal axes of the conic are inclined (not parallel to the coordinates axes).
2. When B is equal to zero, then the principal axes of the conic are parallel to the
coordinates axes (x and y axes).
3. If A = C, the conic is a circle.
If A ≠ C but the same signs, the conic is an ellipse.
If A and C have different signs, the conic is a hyperbola.
'If either A or C is zero, the conic is a parabola.

CIRCLE
General equation,
2 2
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐴𝑦 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
Standard equation,
2 2 2
𝑥−ℎ + 𝑦−𝑘 =𝑟
Center (h, k)
Radius (r)

CIRCLE
Alternate formula in finding center and
radius:
𝐷 E
ℎ=− & k=−
2𝐴 2𝐴
2 2 2
𝐹
𝑟 =ℎ +𝑘 −
𝐴
Center (h, k)
Radius (r)

PARABOLA
General equation,
a. Axis Vertical
2
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
b. Axis Horizontal
2
𝐶𝑦 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0

PARABOLA
Standard equation, Vertex (h, k)
𝐷 𝐸
a. Axis vertical ℎ=− 𝑜𝑟 −
2 2𝐴 2𝐶
𝑥 − ℎ = ±4𝑎(𝑦 − 𝑘) 2
𝐷 − 4𝐴𝐹
𝑘=
b. Axis horizontal 4𝐴𝐸
2 𝐸 2 −4𝐶𝐹
𝑦 − 𝑘 = ±4𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ) OR 𝑘 =
4𝐶𝐷
Vertex (h, k), a is the focal distance = -E/4A or –D/4C

PARABOLA
Eccentricity,
𝑓
𝑒= =1
𝑑
Latus rectum,
𝐿𝑅 = 4𝑎
Latus rectum is a line that passes through the focus and is perpendicular to the axis of the parabola.

ELLIPSE
General equation,
𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
Center,
𝐷 E
ℎ=− &k=−
2𝐴 2𝐶
ELLIPSE
Standard Equation
a. Major axis is horizontal
2 2
𝑥−ℎ 𝑦−𝑘
+ =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
b. Major axis is vertical
2 2
2
+ 2
=1
Center (h, k)
𝑏 𝑎
“a” is always greater than “b”, 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 , where c is the distance from foci to center, (focal distance), b is the semi-minor axis

ELLIPSE
Length of semi-major (a) axes and semi-
minor (b) axes
𝑎 = 𝐶 𝑜𝑟 𝐴 & 𝑏 = 𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵
Area = 𝜋𝑎𝑏

ELLIPSE
Eccentricity,
𝑓 𝑐
𝑒= = <1
𝑑 𝑎
Latus rectum,
2𝑏 2
𝐿𝑅 =
𝑎
Latus rectum is a line that passes through the focus and is perpendicular to the axis of the parabola.

HYPERBOLA
General equation,
a. Transverse axis horizontal
2 2
𝐴𝑥 − 𝐶𝑦 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
b. Transverse axis vertical
2 2
𝐶𝑦 − 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0

HYPERBOLA
Standard Equation
a. Transverse axis is horizontal
2 2
2
− 2
= 1
𝑎 𝑏
b. Transverse axis is vertical
𝑦−𝑘 2 𝑥−ℎ 2
2
− 2
= 1
𝑎 𝑏
Center (h, k), h = -D/2A, k= -E/2C

HYPERBOLA
Length of Transverse axis (horizontal)
𝐿 = 2𝑎 = 2 𝐶
Length of Transverse axis (vertical)
𝐿 = 2𝑎 = 2 𝐴
Length of Conjugate axis (vertical)
𝐿 = 2𝑏 = 2 𝐴
Length of Conjugate axis (horizontal)
𝐿 = 2𝑏 = 2 𝐶
Eccentricity,
𝑐
𝑒= >1
𝑎
where c is the distance from foci to center, a is the distance from directrix to the center

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO.13
If the distance between points
(3,y) and (8,7) is 13, then y is
equal to. 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝒅 = 𝟏𝟗 𝒐𝒓 − 𝟓

Solution
𝑑= 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2
13= 8 − 3 2 + 7 − 𝑦1 2 → 𝑦1 = 19 or -5

Find the inclination of the line
passing through (-5,3) and
(10,7). 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝜽 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟗𝟑 𝒅𝒆𝒈

Solution
7−3 4
tan 𝜃 = = → 𝜃 = 14.93 𝑑𝑒𝑔
10 − (−5) 15

What is the length of the line
with a slope of 4/3 from a point
(6,4) to the y-axis? 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝒅 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Solution
Using point slope form:
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑥1 6,4
4
𝑦 − 4 = 𝑥 − 6 → 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
3
Thus, at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = −4
Using the distance formula:
𝑑
𝑑 = 6 − 0 2 + 4 + 4 2 = 10 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
4
𝑚=
3
0, −𝑦

Find the equation of the line if
the x-intercept and y-intercept
are -2 and 4, respectively.
𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 = 𝟎

Solution
Using intercept form:
𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
𝑎 𝑏
𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
−2 4
−2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 → 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 = 𝟎

What is the radius of a circle
with the ff. equation:
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝒓 = 𝟓

Solution
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
By completing the square:
𝑥 − 3 2 + 𝑦 − 2 2 = 12 + 32 + 22
𝑥 − 3 2 + 𝑦 − 2 2 = 25
𝑥−3 2+ 𝑦−2 2 = 5 2
The standard equation for circle:

𝑥−ℎ 2+ 𝑦−𝑘 2 = 𝑟 2
By inspection, r=5

An earth satellite has an apogee of
40,000 km and a perigee of 6,600 km.
Assuming the radius of the earth is
6,400 km, what will be the eccentricity
of the elliptical path described by the
satellite with the center of the earth at
one of the foci? 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔
Solution
2𝑎 = 40,000 + 12800 + 6,600
𝑎 = 29, 700
𝑐 = 𝑎 − 6,600 + 6,400 = 29700 − 6600 + 6400 = 16, 700
Eccentricity
𝑐 16700 𝒂 𝒂
𝑒= = = 0.56
𝑎 29700
𝟔, 𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝒄 𝒄
𝟒𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟐, 𝟖𝟎𝟎

Find the general equation of a
circle with center (1,2) and
radius 5. 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐

Solution
The standard equation for circle:
𝑥−ℎ 2+ 𝑦−𝑘 2 = 𝑟 2
𝑥−1 2+ 𝑦−2 2 = 5 2
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4 = 25
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 20 = 0

Find the center of the ellipse:
𝟐 𝟐
𝟗𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓𝒚 + 𝟏𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏𝟔
𝑨𝒏𝒔. (−𝟏, 𝟐)

Solution
9𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 + 18𝑥 − 100𝑦 = 116
Using shortcut method:
𝐷 E
ℎ=− &k=−
2𝐴 2𝐶
18
ℎ=− = −1
2 9
−100
𝑘=− =2
2 25

Reduce the equation of
parabola
𝟐
𝒚 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟎
to standard form:
𝟐
𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝒚 − 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟑)
Solution
𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 12𝑥 − 32 = 0
Using completing the square
2 2
2
4 4
𝑦 − 4𝑦 + = 12𝑥 + 32 +
2 2
2
𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 4 = 12𝑥 + 36
𝒚 − 𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟑)

What conic section is
represented by
𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓

Solution
Since A ≠ B (opposite sign)
By definition, this equation is a hyperbola.

Weekly Tasks
Problem Set No.2
Instruction: Show your solution to all the problems found in the next slides.
• Using CamScannerApp, scan your note and save in one PDF File. Using
CamScannerApp, scan your note and save in one PDF File. Submit your
output to my email rlucero.cit@gmail.com using the naming
conventions:
• File Name: surname_firstname_ProblemSet2
• DEADLINE: Feb
Sep26,
10, 2022
2022 10 PM

PROBLEM SET 2

Problem No. 1
What is the value of each
interior angle of a regular
pentagon?

Problem No. 2
A cubical container that measures 2 m
on a side is tightly packed with eight
balls and is filled with water. All eight
balls are in contact with the walls of
the container and the adjacent balls.
All the balls are the same size. What is
the volume of water in the container?
Problem No. 3
A rat fell on a bucket of a water
wheel with diameter of 600 cm
which traveled an angle of 190°
before it dropped from the
bucket. Calculate the linear cm
that the rat was carried by the
bucket before it fell.
Problem No. 4
Each angle of a regular
dodecagon is equal to.

Problem No. 5
How many sides have a
polygon if the sum of the
interior angles is 1080°?

Problem No. 6
The area of a circle is
𝟐
𝟖𝟗. 𝟒𝟐 𝒊𝒏 what is its
circumference?

Problem No. 7
The area of a circle is 89.42
𝟐
𝒊𝒏 . What is the length of
the side of a regular
hexagon inscribed in a
circle?
Problem No. 8
A trapezoid has an area of
𝟐
𝟑𝟔 𝒎 and an altitude of 2
m. Its two bases have ratio
of 4:5. What are the
lengths of the bases?
Problem No. 9
What is the area in of 𝒄𝒎 𝟐
the circle circumscribed
about an equilateral
triangle with a side of 10
cm long?
Problem No. 10
A circular piece of cardboard with
a diameter of 1 m will be made
into a conical hat 40 cm high by
cutting a sector off and joining the
edges to form a cone. Determine
the angle subtended by the sector
removed.
Problem No. 11
How many times do the
volume of a sphere
increases if the radius is
doubled?

Problem No. 12
The volume of the frustum of a
regular triangular pyramid is
𝟑
𝟏𝟑𝟓 𝒎 . The lower base is an
equilateral triangle with an edge
of 9 m. The upper base is 8 m
above the lower base. What is the
upper base edge in meters?
Problem No. 13
The central angle of a
spherical wedge is 1 radian.
Find its volume if its radius
is 1 unit.

Problem No. 14
A regular octahedron has
an edge of 2 m. Find its
volume in cubic meter.

Problem No. 15
The volume of water in a
spherical tank having a
𝟑
diameter of 4 m is 𝟓. 𝟐𝟑𝟔 𝒎 .
Determine the depth of the
water in the tank.
Problem No. 16
A goat is tied to a corner of a 30 ft
by 35 ft building. If the rope is 40
ft long and the goat can reach 1 ft
farther than the rope length, what
is the maximum area the goat can
cover?
PROBLEM NO.17
The distance from the point
(2, 1) to the line 4x- 3y + 5 = 0
is.

PROBLEM NO.18
Find the coordinates of a point
equidistant from (1, -6), (5, -6)
and (6, -1 ).

PROBLEM NO.19
If (-2,-4) is the midpoint of (6.-
7) and (x,y), then the values of
x and y are.

PROBLEM NO.20
The segment from (-1 ,4) to (2,-
2) is extended three times its
own length. The terminal point
is.

PROBLEM NO.21
Find the angle between the
lines 3x + 2y = 6 and x + y = 6.

PROBLEM NO.22
Find the distance between the
given lines 4x - 3y = 12 and
4x - 3y = -8.

PROBLEM NO.23
What is the slope of the line 3x
+ 2y + 1 = 0?

PROBLEM NO.24
In a cartesian coordinates, the
vertices of a square are: ( 1,1 ),
(0,8), ( 4,5) and (-3,4). What is
the area?

PROBLEM NO.25
What is the x-intercept of the
line passing through (1,4) and
(4,1)?

PROBLEM NO.26
The equation of a line that
intercepts the x-axis at x = 4
and the y - axis at y = - 6 is,

PROBLEM NO.27
What is the equation of the
line that passes thru (4,0) and
is parallel to the line
x- y- 2 = 0?

PROBLEM NO.28
Find the equation of the
perpendicular bisector of the
line joining (5,0) and (-7,3)

PROBLEM NO.29
What is the equation of the
line joining the points (3,-2)
and (-7,6)?

PROBLEM NO.30
Find the area of the triangle
which the line 2x - 3y + 6 = 0
forms with the coordinate
axis.

PROBLEM NO.31
What is the distance between
the centers of the circles
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 &
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟕 = 𝟎?

PROBLEM NO.32
Given the equation of a
𝟐
Parabola 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟒𝒚 +
𝟕 = 𝟎. Locate its vertex.

PROBLEM NO.33
The lengths of the major and
minor axes of an ellipse are
10m and 8 m, respectively.
Find the distance between
the foci.
PROBLEM NO.34
What is the length of the latus
rectum of
𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟗𝒚 + 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟎?

PROBLEM NO.35
Find the equation of the
hyperbola with vertices at
(-4,2) and (0,2) and foci at (-5.2)
and (1 ,2).

PROBLEM NO.36
Find the eccentricity of the
𝟐 𝟐
curve 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 = 𝟒

MECC481 - Week2 - Solid Mensuration Analytic Geometry

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Solid Mensuration &

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𝑨= (𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)(𝒔 − 𝒅)

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𝐴= (𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)(𝑠 − 𝑑)

(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑐𝑑)(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑)(𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐)

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Distance between two points in space

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For perpendicular lines

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