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PR-LABORATORY-NO.2
SURVEYOR’S HAND SIGNALS

I. Objective:

To familiarize the different surveyor’s hand signals

II. Conceptual Background:

An arm and hand signal are any gesture or motion that conveys information or gives
a command, direction or warning. Deaf-mutes, boy scouts, sailors, traffic policemen and
many others use a lot of arm and hand signals. In surveying, these signals are also essential.

It is usually difficult or impossible to communicate verbally in the field due to distance,

wind conditions, and surrounding noise. In many instances it is necessary or practical to use
signals rather than call directions since much of the work involves long sights were calling to
one another is impractical. It is in such instances that arm and hand signals allow the survey
party members to better communicate with each other.

Any set of signals which can be mutually understood by the members of a survey
party are acceptable. In surveying, no standard set of hand signals has as yet been
accepted. It is usually left upon the surveyors themselves to device their own signals. Each
survey party should adopt some set of definite signals as this will speed up and improved the
efficiency of surveying procedures and operations. All signals used, however, must be distinct
so as to leave no doubt as to their meaning.

When arm and hand signals are employed, it should also be remembered that
objects are seen better by contrast. Correct positioning should be considered when
transmitting signals so that the background will not prevent the signals from being seen
distinctly. A chaining pin or any dark colored object will be seen better in front of a white
background, but a white or light-colored object such as the white bands of the range pole
will be more visible against a dark background. Illumination is a good aid when making
signals. It is more convenient to hold a signaling device in such a manner that the sun’s rays
could illuminate its surface toward the viewing instrument.

To fit unusual situations, special signals can be invented for a particular need. They
can easily be devised for different kinds of distant work and for various conditions. It is
important, however, that these signals are able to simulate as closely as possible the
information or command to be conveyed. Such signals should be arranged beforehand
whenever it is thought that they may be needed. It is important that these signals are distinct
and with enough motion to be understood. Also, instrument observers must remember that
they have the advantage of telescopic magnification as compared to a rodman who uses
only his natural vision. Sometimes, it is helpful to equip the rodman with a small pocket
telescope.

A white handkerchief or a colored flag is often used for distant signals. These are
usually attached to the range poles. For sufficiently long distances such as in triangulation
work, arm and hand signals may prove to be inadequate. The use of a two-way radio
provides an excellent method for communicating with any of the members of a field party
who are positioned at more distant points.

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III. Equipment:

Range pole or rod

IV. Procedure:

Memorize the following surveyor’s hand signals. The set of arm and hand signals
shown are those suggested for use in surveying operations. The first twelve signals may
be used when transmitting numbers or values while the remaining signals may be
used to transmit commands.

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V. Conclusion:

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