Introduction to Biostatistics

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1. Biostatistics Application of statistics to the analysis of biological and

medical data.

2. Biostatistician An expert in the branch of statistics that deals with data

relating to living organisms.

3. Data are individual pieces of factual information recorded and

used for the purpose of analysis

4. Variable is any characteristics, number, or quantity that can be

measured or counted.

5. Independent The variable that is stable and unaffected by the other

Variable variables you are trying to measure.

6. Dependent Vari- These variables are expected to change as a result of an

able experimental manipulation of the independent variable or
variables.

7. Levels of Mea- refers to the relationship among the values that are as-
surement signed to the attributes for a variable.

8. Nominal is a type of data that is used to label variables without

providing any quantitative value.

9. Ordinal is a statistical type of data in which variables exist in

naturally occurring ordered categories.

10. Interval When numbers have units that are of equal magnitude as
well as rank order on a scale without an absolute zero

11. Ratio When numbers have units that are of equal magnitude as
well as rank order on a scale with an absolute zero

12. Qualitative What type of variable are nominal and ordinal variables?

13. Quantitative What type of variables are interval and ratio variables?

14. Discrete Variables that can only take on a finite number of values

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 Introduction to Biostatistics
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15. Continuous Are variables that can take on an unlimited number of
values between the lowest and highest points of measure-
ment.

16. Intervening or Stand between the independent and dependent variables,

Mediating Vari- and they mediate the effects of the independent variable
ables on the dependent variable.

17. Moderating Vari- Are independent variables that affect the direction and/or
ables the strength of the relationship between independent and
dependent variables

18. Control Variables Are a special type of independent variable that re-
searchers measure because they potentially influence the
dependent variable.

19. Confounding Is not actually measured or observed in a study. It exists,

Variables but its influence cannot be directly detected.

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