QNHS-SHS

Q QUARTER 1

Example 1:
LEARNING TASK 1: WHAT’s IN
Andreau and his friend are playing a number - guessing game.
Andreau asks his friend to think a positive number, then add four to
Write the letter of the answer in the box below that will reveal a
the number. Next, square the resulting number, and multiply the result
“word” or the name of the “building” that you are looking for.
by 3. Finally, divide the result by 2. If you are his friend and you get a
result of 50, (a) write an inverse function that will give you the original
The United Arab Emirates was given the title of “The Tallest Building number and (b) determine the original number.
in the World” on January 4, 2010. What is the name of the building?
Solution:
COLUMN A COLUMN B (a) To find the inverse, you need first to represent a model for the
1. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 − 3 R. 𝑦 =
5𝑥+1
situation
9𝑥−4
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 + 10 A. 𝑦 =
𝑡
• Let 𝑥 be the number that you think of
3
4𝑥+1 • 𝑥 + 4 represents the statement “add four to the number”
3. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥2
9𝑥−5 A. 𝑦 = ±√ • (𝑥 + 4)2 represents the statement “square the resulting
5
5 9 number”
4. 𝑘 = (𝑡 − 32) + 273.15 J. 𝑦 = (𝑘 − 273.15) + 32
9 5 • 3(𝑥 + 4)2 represents the statement “multiply the result by 3”
5. 𝑤(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 9 3 𝑥+7 3(𝑥+4)2
L. 𝑦 = √ • represents the statement “divide the result by 2”
2 2
𝑥+2 𝑥−9 3(𝑥+4)2
6. 𝑡(𝑥) = K. 𝑦 = Therefore, the model for the situation is 𝑓(𝑥) =
3𝑥−5 2 2
7. 𝑟(𝑥) = |5𝑥| 5
B. 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 3
8. 𝑠(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 7 H. 𝑦 =
5𝑥+2 To find the inverse:
3𝑥−1
3(𝑥 + 4)2 Write 𝑓(𝑥) as 𝑦
9. 𝑞(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5 F. 𝑦 =
𝑥−11
𝑦=
5 2
10. 𝑛(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 11 I. 𝑦 =
𝑥+5
3(𝑦 + 4)2 Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦
3 𝑥=
11. 𝑧(𝑥) = 3𝑡 3 𝑥−2 2
R. 𝑦 = √ 2𝑥 = 4(𝑦 + 3)2 Multiply both sides by 2
7
𝑥−10 2𝑥 Multiply both sides by
1
U. 𝑦 = = (𝑦 + 3)2 4
7 4
Get the square roots of both
2𝑥
√ = √(𝑦 + 3)2 sides
The tallest building in the World is: 4

2𝑥
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 √ =𝑦+3
4
𝑥 Apply the addition property of
√ −3=𝑦 equality
2

𝑥
Therefore, the inverse of the function is 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = √ − 3
2

WHAT IS IT
(b) To find the original number, use the inverse of the function
Steps in finding the inverse of a function: 𝒙
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = √ − 3, and evaluate 𝑓 −1 (50)
To find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) 𝟐

1. Replace 𝑓(𝑥) with 𝑦

2. Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦 50
3. Solve for the new 𝑦 from the equation in Step 2. 𝑓 −1 (50) = √ −3
2
4. Replace the new 𝑦 with 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) if the inverse is a function.
𝑓 −1 (50) = √25 − 3
For better understanding, study the examples below and reflect on 𝑓 −1 (50) = 5 − 3
the different steps to solve real-life problems involving inverse 𝑓 −1 (50) = 2
function.
Therefore, the original number is 2.

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 Example 2 (c) Use the inverse of the function to find the domain and range of
To convert from degrees Fahrenheit to Kelvin, the function is 𝑘(𝑡) = the situation.
5 𝑥 − 10,000
(𝑡 – 32) + 273.15, where 𝑡 is the temperature in Fahrenheit 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
9 150
(Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature). Find the inverse function
converting the temperature in Kelvin to degrees Fahrenheit. 40,000 − 10,000
𝑓 −1 (40,000) =
150
Solution:
5 𝑓 −1 (40,000) = 200
The equation of the function is: 𝑘 = (𝑡 – 32) + 273.15
9
We do not interchange the variables 𝑘 and 𝑡 because it refers to the Domain: {𝑥 ∈ 𝑁| 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 200}
temperatures in Kelvin and Fahrenheit respectively. Range: {𝑦 ∈ 𝑅| 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 40,000}

Solve for 𝑡 in terms of 𝑘: (d) Therefore, for a budget of ₱40,000.00, two hundred (200)
students may attend the JS prom. If there are more than 200
5
students, the organization needs to think of other means to raise
: 𝑘 = (𝑡 – 32) + 273.15 Given formula additional funds for the prom
9
5 Apply addition
𝑘 − 273.15 =(𝑡 − 32) property of equality
9
9 5 9 Multiply both sides
( ) (𝑘 − 273.15) = (𝑡 − 32) ( )
5 9 5 by
9
5
2
9
( ) (𝑘 − 273.15) = (𝑡 − 32)
5 LEARNING TASK 2: WHAT’s NEW
9 Apply the addition
( ) (𝑘 − 273.15) + 32 = 𝑡
property of equality
Paper Folding to the Moon
5
Directions: Your task in this activity is to perform the given steps or
9 procedures below. Fill in the given table of the number of folds and its
Therefore, the inverse function is 𝑡(𝑘) = (𝑘 − 273.15) + 32,
5 corresponding number of partitions. Write your answers on your
where 𝑘 is the temperature in Kelvin. journal notebook and submit next session. Enjoy!

Example 3 Materials: 1 whole sheet of paper, pen, worksheet.

The SSG officers of Camohaguin National High School are planning
for a JS Prom. The allocated budget for decorations, sounds, and other Procedures:
miscellaneous expenses is ₱10,000.00 and an additional ₱150.00 for 1. Get a sheet of paper. Fold the paper once crosswise.
meal expenses for each guest. The organization received an amount 2. Record the number of partitions using Table 1 as a guide.
of ₱40,000.00 from its external stakeholders. 3. Fold the paper again, this time lengthwise.
a. Write the total allocated budget as a function of the number of 4. Repeat procedure 2 until the 7th fold. Refer to the Table 1
guests.
b. Find the inverse of the function. Table 1. Number of Folds and Its Corresponding Parts
c. State the domain and range for this situation. Number Number “How many times would you have to fold a piece of
d. Find the possible number of guest for a budget of ₱40,000.00 of of paper for it to reach the Moon? How much paper do
Folds Partitions you need?
Solution:
(a) Let 𝑥 be the number of Guest As it is observed if you fold a paper in half, the
𝑓(𝑥) be the allocated budget as a function of the number of number of partitions is doubled. Let’s say that
a 500 page ream of bond paper is 5 cm high
guests.
which means that each bond paper is 0.01 cm
Thus, 𝑓(𝑥) = 10000 + 150𝑥 and the mean distance of the moon is 384,400
(b) To find the inverse km from the Earth! Converting that figure into
𝑦 = 10,000 + 150𝑥 Write 𝑓(𝑥) in terms of 𝑦 centimeters and number of pages, we have
𝑥 = 10,000 + 150𝑦 Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦 and 3.844 x 10^12 pages away. Amazing right!
solve for 𝑦.
𝑥 − 10,000 = 150𝑦 Apply the addition property of Guide Questions:
equality 1. How many partitions will you have by folding the paper 8 times?
𝑥 − 10,000 150𝑦 Divide both sides by 150 10 times? X times? _____
= 2. How many folds you must perform in order to have 512 partitions?
150 150
𝑥 − 10,000 ________
=𝑦
150 3. What pattern can you observed in Table 1? _______
𝑥−10,000
Therefore, the inverse of the function is 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
150
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 EXPONENTIAL DECAY
WHAT IS IT:
The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half
Definition
of the substance to decay. The exponential decay formula is
An exponential function with the base 𝑏 is a function of the form 𝑡
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 or 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 , where (𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1). 1 𝑇
𝑦 = 𝑦0 ( )
2
Some of the most common applications in real-life of exponential
functions and their transformations are population growth, exponential Example 3
decay, and compound interest. Aling Dionisia deposits ₱10,000.00 in BDO that pays 3% compound
interest annually. Define an exponential model for this situation. How
The following are examples of representing an exponential function in much money will she have after 11 years without withdrawal?
real life situations.
Solution: Compound Interest means the interest earned at the end of
Example 1: the period is added to the principal and this new amount will earn
Suppose a culture of 300 bacteria at MJD Farm is put into a Petri dish interest in the nesting period.
and the culture doubles every 10 hours. Give an exponential model for
the situation. How many bacteria will there be after 90 hours? a. At 𝑡 = 0 ℙ10,000
𝑡=1 ℙ10,000 + ℙ10,000(0.03) = ℙ10,300.00
Solution: 𝑡=2 ℙ10,300 + ℙ10,300(0.03) = ℙ10,609.00
a. Let 𝑦 = number of bacteria 𝑡=3 ℙ10,609 + ℙ10,609(0.03) = ℙ10,927.27
At 𝑡 = 0, 𝑦 = 300
From the above, the principal amount together with the interest
𝑡 = 10, 𝑦 = 300(2) = 600 earned as computed is as follows:
𝑡 = 20, 𝑦 = 300(2)2 = 1200 At 𝑡 = 0 ℙ10,000
𝑡 = 30, 𝑦 = 300(2)3 = 2400 𝑡=1 ℙ10,000(1 + 0.03) = ℙ10,300.00
𝑡 = 40, 𝑦 = 300(2)4 = 4800 𝑡=2 ℙ10,000(1 + 0.03)2 = ℙ10,609.00
𝑡=3 ℙ10,000(1 + 0.03)3 = ℙ10,927.27
𝑡
An exponential model for this situation is 𝑦 = 300(2)10
An exponential model for this situation is 𝐴 = 10,000(1.03)𝑡
90
b. If 𝑡 = 90, then 𝑦 = 300(2)10 , 𝑦 = 300(2)9 , 𝑦 = 153,600. b. 𝐴 = 10,000(1.03)11 = 13,842.34
There will be 153,600 bacteria after 90 hours. After 11 years without withdrawal there will be ℙ 13,842.34

EXPONENTIAL MODELS AND POPULATION GROWTH COMPOUND INTEREST

Suppose a quantity 𝑦 doubles every 𝑇 units of time. If If a principal 𝑃 (initial amount of money) is invested at an annual
𝑦0 is the initial amount, then the quantity 𝑦 after 𝑡 units is given by rate of 𝑟; compounded annually, then the amount after 𝑡 years is
𝑡
𝑦 = 𝑦0 (2)𝑇 given by 𝐴 = 𝑃(1 + 𝑟)𝑡

Example 4.
Example 2 The Natural Exponential Function
A certain radioactive substance decays half of itself every 5 days. While an exponential function may have various bases, a frequently
Initially, there are 50 grams. Determine the amount of substance left
used base is the irrational number 𝑒, whose value is approximately
after 30 days, and give an exponential model for the amount of
2.71828. Because 𝑒 is a commonly used base, the natural exponential
remaining substance.
function is defined as having 𝑒 as the base.
Solution:
The predicted population of a certain city is given by
a. Let 𝑡 = time in days
𝑃 = 200,000 𝑒 0.03𝑦
At 𝑡 = 0 Amount of Substance = 50𝑔
1
where y is the number of years after the year 2020. Predict the
𝑡=5 Amount of Substance = 50 ( ) = 25𝑔 population for the year 2030.
2
1 2
𝑡 = 10 Amount of Substance = 50 ( ) = 12.5 𝑔
2 Solution
1 3 The number of years from 2020 to 2030 is 10, so y= 10.
𝑡 = 15 Amount of Substance = 50 ( ) = 6.25𝑔
2
𝑃 = (200,000)(2.71828)(0.03)(10)
𝑡 𝑷 = 𝟐𝟔𝟗, 𝟗𝟕𝟏. 𝟕𝟎
1 5
An exponential model for this situation is 𝑦 = 50 ( ) The predicted population for the year 2030 is 269, 971
2

30
The NATURAL EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION is the function
1 5 1 6 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥
b. 𝑦= 50 ( ) = 50 ( ) = 0.78125𝑔
2 2
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 Her parents will give her ₱3,000.00 each year
3 Option A starting from her 19th birthday until her 25th
birthday.
Her parents will give her ₱400.00 on her 19th
Definition birthday, ₱800.00 on her 20th birthday,
Option B
₱1,600.00 on her next birthday, and the amount
will be doubled each year until she reaches 25.
• An exponential function is a function involving exponential
expression showing a relationship between the independent
TASK:
variable 𝑥 and dependent variable 𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑓(𝑥). Examples of
• You need to prepare a written report highlighting the amount of
which are 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑦 = 102𝑥 .
money (y) your best friend gets each year (x) starting from her
• An exponential equation is an equation involving exponential
19th birthday using options A and B in tabular form.
expression that can be solved for all x values satisfying the
• Write equations that represent the two options with a complete
equation. For instance, 121 = 11𝑥 and 3𝑥 = 9𝑥−2 .
set of solutions.
• An exponential inequality is an inequality involving exponential
• At the end of your report, write a conclusion stating the option you
expression that can be solved for all x values satisfying the
1 will choose and the explanation of your decision.
inequality. For example, 643 > 2𝑥 and (0.9) 𝑥 > 0.81.
Written Report:
LEARNING TASK 3:
Activity 17.1: Where Do They Belong?

Below is a list of exponential expressions. Classify each as to whether Conclusion:

it is an exponential function, equation, inequality, or does not
belong to any of these three.

32𝑥−4 ≤ 16𝑥+2 100 > 102𝑥 7 = 49𝑥 Rubrics for grading of the output:
SCORE DESCRIPTORS
The situation is correctly modeled with an
36𝑥 = 6 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 27 < 3𝑥 exponential function, appropriate mathematical
20
concepts are fully used in the solution and the
1 𝑥
6>( ) 𝑔(𝑥) = 45𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥+2 correct final answer is obtained.
36 The situation is correctly modeled with an
exponential function, appropriate mathematical
𝑥 7 + 1 < 10𝑥 8 𝑦 = 5𝑥−1 𝑦 = 𝑥5 15
concepts are partially used in the solution and the
correct final answer is obtained
1 𝑥+2 1 𝑥
( ) =( ) 64 = 2𝑥+2 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 The situation is correctly modeled with an
2 8 exponential function, appropriate mathematical
10
concepts are partially used in the solution and the
Exponential Exponential Exponential None of correct final answer is obtained
Function Equation Inequality these The situation does not model an exponential
5 function, a solution is presented but has an
incorrect final answer.
The additional 5 points will be determined from the conclusions
or justifications made.
• 5 -States a conclusion with complete and appropriate justification
based on a reasonable interpretation of the data.
• 4 -States a conclusion with enough justification, based on a
reasonable interpretation of the data.
LEARNING TASK 4. PERFORMANCE TASK • 3 -States a conclusion with some justification, based on a
Read and understand the situation below, then answer the questions reasonable interpretation of the data.
or perform the tasks that follow. • 2 -States a conclusion on a reasonable interpretation of the data.
• 1 -The conclusion is based on an unreasonable interpretation of
WISE DECISION AND FRIENDSHIP GOAL
the data.
You have a best friend, and she is also an 18-year old senior high
school student and asking for your advice as to which between the REFERENCES:
Department of Education [DepEd], Region IV A – CALABARZON (2020), General Mathematics, ADM
two “25th birthday gift options” posted by her parents she should Module (First Edition), Gate 2, Karangalan Village, San Isidro, Cainta Rizal, 1800
choose for her 25th birthday.
Department of Education [DepEd], Region X (2019), General Mathematics Module 4: Exponential
Functions, (First Edition), Zone 1, Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000

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