Name: Rahul Goraksha PRN No:22070148009

Experiment 2
Objective
To study in detail CNC system with a sample part programming.
Theory:
Write the details of the VMC, parts and procedure.
Details of VMC:
1) It stands for ‘Vertical Machining Center’ which is also a CNC. In this machine the
workpiece is stable and the tool rotates. A VMC is a machine with a CNC (Computer
Numerical Control) controller.
2) As mentioned, the cutting head in this milling machine is vertical and is a particular
type of milling machine where the spindle runs in a vertical axis known as the “Z
axis”. They are typically enclosed and most often used for cutting metal.
3) It can be utilized for not only cutting, but also drilling, carving, engraving, tapping,
countersinking, chamfering and many other applications.
4) Tools used in VMC are End Mill, Face Mill, Ball cutter, Slab Mill, Side-and Face
cutter, Involute Gear cutter, Fly cutter, Hollow Mill, Shell Mill, Roughing End Mill,
Dovetail cutter, Wood ruff cutter.
5) This machine is also available now-a-days with controller system which helps in
automating the operation an also minimizing the repeatability that had leads to
increase in production rate.

Parts Of VMC:
Below is the schematic diagram of Vertical machining centre machine
Table: The tables are Movable tables on which workpiece can be loaded and unloaded
quickly. The movable table consists of a workpiece holder mounted on a table. For loading,
the table is pulled out and pushed back into the machine with the workpiece once mounted.
Spindle: The spindle basically moves in Z axis (+, -) direction only as table tends to move
with respect to it, the speed of speed of spindle can be varied as per operation need to be
implemented on workpiece. The mounting of cutting tool is done by using spindle.
Coolant system: This system basically installed near tool and workpiece area where it tends
to inject coolant in order to eradicate heat generated an increase the performance of tool life.
Automatic Tool changer: These are mostly available in industrial variant VMC where it helps
to reduce the operational time.
Controller: The controller works together with a series of motors and drive components
to move and control the machine axes, executing the programmed motions. On the industrial
machines there is usually a standard feedback system that constantly monitors and adjusts the
cutter's speed and position.
Enclosure: These helps to cover the operational area to prevent it from accidents.
Display Unit: A monitor is used to display the programs, commands and other useful data of
VMC machine.
#Advantages:
1) It can be run fir 24 hours a day.
2) It can produce jobs with the highest accuracy and precision than any other manual
machine.
3) Operator can easily make changes and improvement and reduces the delay time.
#Disadvantages:
1) Machine require Air-conditioned room to stabilize temperature.
2) High skill full operator required.
3) The spare parts of machine are quite expensive.
#Application:
Automotive industry, Metal removing industries, Wood industries, etc.
Procedure:
1) Design the product required using CAD software. Convert the drawing file in G-code
using ABviewer software.
2) By adding all G-code as per drawing into the controller than execute the stimulation in
order to analysis weather all code entered are performing into a smooth streamline flow.
3) The operator should setup the machine before execution of operation on desired workpiece
such as ensuring coolant tank fully filled, power supply, cutting tool, pressure, etc.
4) Run the process implemented on controller by executing on workpiece.
5) At last, will get finish product as per designed in software.
Experimentation
Complete experiment shown virtual lab and submit the screenshot of the quiz on the given
link.
https://fab-coep.vlabs.ac.in/exp/3d-machining/theory.html