A

A. a, pronounced a as in fat.
a, hort. part. : liseli a li be teni, let there be light. A lu yeni, let us
go. a! interj, of surprise or protest: ha!
a, pron. subj. (class mu-ba) 3rd pers. sing: He, she, in negative, dependant,
narrative, subjunctive and potential tenses: H'a buleli, he does not
speak. A ka ya. he may go.
a, (1) pron. subj. and obj. of nouns which have the plural in ma- (class bu-
ma, li-ma, lu-ma) they, them: Maoma a lila. the royal drums are sounding:
ni a utwile, I have heard them. (2) poss. part. with nouns of same
classes: Mabizo a bona, their names; masimu a ka, my gardens. (3) dem.
pron. pl. (1st degree) with nouns of same classes, these: Mandu a, these
houses. (4) rel. pron. subj. and obj. with nouns of same classes: Malu a
mansu, black clouds; those which: Mandu a ni bona (also, mandu e ni bona)
the houses which I see.
a ! a ! interj. meaning disapproval or dissent: not so; syn. ha ku cwalo. -
aba (abile) v.t. to distribute, to allot, to divide into parts, to share,
to dispense: Ba abile nama. they distributed meat. der: muabi, kabelo,
siabelo, buabi. rel. -abela (abezi) to distribute, to make an offering
to. caus. -abisa (abisize) to order or to help to divide. int. -abe-lela
(abelezi) to distribute the whole lot. rec. -abelana (abelani) to share
among themselves. ref. -lka-ba (ikabile) to split up. (rel) -ikabe-la
(ikabezi) to share out: Ba ikabezi mali, they shared out the money.
acha ! interj. of pain.
achu ! interj. of pain.
afi ? inter. adj. with nouns which have the plural in 'ma', what, what sort,
which: Mabaka ki afi? What are the reasons?
-akaleza (akalelize) v.t. Sotho. to sum up, to abbreviate, to summarise; to
speak not very accurately, to estimate der. kakalezo.
akalikule Luyana exp. a-ka-li-kule (used in river transport) (lit: the bottom
is too far) Let us cease poling, let us paddle, it is too deep to pole.
cf. banji.
-akana (akani or akanile) v.t. to rush for, to charge for: Bana ba akana
lico, the children are rushing for the food. caus. akanisa (akanisize) to
cause to ~.
-akela (akezi) v.t. (1) to lift up (a divining bone) (2) to catch an object
which is thrown: Nja ye ha i koni ku akela, this dog is not able to catch;
Akela ye, catch this! (syn. -akwela)
-akisa (akisize) v.t. to show off: Musali yo u lata hahulu ka akisa mwan'a
hae, this woman likes to show off her child very much. rel. -akiseza
(akiselize) to present for people's admiration.
ako... keye, expression used when proposing and answering riddles. (lit:
there it comes . . . let it come!)
aku, abber. for: a u ke u will you: A ku ni fe, please give me. The pl is: a
mu ke mu (same as nangu)
-akufa (akufile) v.i. to hurry up, to make haste to be quick. cf. -cibilika,
-feuka. rel. -akufela (akufezi) to hasten to, to hasten for: Ni akufele,
come to me quickly caus. -akufisa (akufisize) to cause to be quick, to
hasten; to urge forward, to accelerate: Akufsa sico, hurry up with the
food. rel. -akufiseza (akufiselize) to cause to hasten to. freq. -akufanga
to go on hastening: Ya akufanga, one who is agile.
-akula (akuzi) v.t. to inhale: Ku akula musi, to inhale smoke; ka akula
butuku, to catch a disease by breathing in the germs. rel. -aku-lela
(akulezi) to breathe on someone else: U sike wa ni akulela, do not breathe
on me.
-akuleza (akulezi) v.t. to stretch out the hands, to catch something thrown.
-akwela (akwezi) v.t. to take off: Akwela tapi! Take the fish off the spear;
to catch an object in mid-air. syn. -akela.
-alaba (alabile) v.t. to answer, to reply, to respond: Alaba puzo ya ka,
answer my question. der. kalabo, musabelo caus. -alabisa (alabisize) to
cause to answer. rec. -alabana (alabani or alabanile) (1) to answer each
other. (2) to roll over and over; to writhe in pain. syn. -pitika.
ref. -ikalabela (ikala-bezi) to answer for oneself, to pre sent one's own
defence.
alabanya (alabanyize) to throw down someone in wrestling.
-alafa (alafile) v.t. to doctor, to give medicine to, to nurse, to treat, to
dress a wound: Ku alafa mukuli, to treat a patient. der. -mualafi, kalafo,
bualafi mualafelo. rel. -alafela (alafezi) to nurse for: Ni alafele mwan'a
ka, nurse my child for me. caus. -alafisa (alafisize) to order or to help
to nurse. int. -alafelela (ala felezi) to give everyone medical treatment:
ba alafelezi munzi kau-fela, they have treated everyone in the village.
ref. -ikalafa (ikalafile) to take medical care of oneself, to treat
oneself.
-alakanya (alakanyize) v.i. to think about, to consider thoughtfully; to
purpose: U alakanyani? What are you considering?
-alanana (ala–ani) v.i. (1) to be prominent, jutting out: Mba ya hae i ala
nani, he is pot-bellied. (2) to become constipated, costive.
-alauka (alaukile) or -aloka (alokile) v.t. and v.i. to shake violently.
caus. -alaukisa (alaukisize) (1) to cause a canoe to wobble through
defective paddling (2) to cause swaying (said of a kilt, as worn by the
Malozi).
ale, dem. pron. pl. (class: bu-ma, li-ma, lu-ma) (4th degree). those over
there Mahobe ale kaufela ki a bo mani? Whose are those portions of buhobe
over there? aleka, n. eng. (Script) ark.
-aluhana (aluhani) v.i. to part, to separate. cf. -kauhana.
-aluhanya (aluhanyize) v.t. to separate, to divide. cf. -kauhanya.
-aluka (alukile) or -alauka (alaukile) v.i. to turn over and over: Mukuli u
alauka fa mumbeta wa hae, the patient is turning over and over in his
bed. cf. -pindumuka.
-alula1 (aluzi) v.t. to divide: Ba aluzi naha ka likiliti. they have divided
the country into districts. der. mwaluli, kalulo. fig. to puzzle, to
perplex, to embarrass. rel. -alulela (alulezi) to divide for, to give a
portion to someone. inv. -alulula (aluluzi) to make a choice; to be
partial; to divide a second time. der. saluluti, ketululo
-alula2 (aluzi) v.t. to finish the con- struction of a bow-net by fixing the
upper ring. der. mwaluli, mwalo.
-alumuna (alumuzi) v.t. to roll, to remove: Alumuna kota, roll the log. syn.
-pindumuna. rel. -alumunela (alumenezi) to roll, to remove for someone.
caus. -alumunisa (alumunisize) to help to roll or to remove.
-alunguta (alungutile) v.t. to sort out things in order to find something
required. der. mualunguti. rel. -al-ungutela (alungutezi) to ~ for
someone. caus. -alungutisa (alungu-tisize) to help to sort out things, to
order to get things sorted out. int. -alungutelela (alungutelezi) to sort
out things from all boxes, etc.
-ama (amile) v.t. (1) to touch. to catch, to grasp, to hold. syn. -swala. (2)
to mention: Taba ha i si ka bulelwa, i amilwe fela, the matter has not
been discussed, it has only been mentioned Mutu yo, h'a si ka ama kwateni,
this man said nothing on this subject. rec. -amana (amani ) to refer to:
taba ye i amana ni yani ye ne lu bulela mabani, this matter refers to what
we were talking about yesterday.
-ama-ama (ama-amile) v.t. to grudge, to give unwillingly, to be unwilling to
par with: N'a lata ku nga mwana. kono mahe a mu ama ama, he wanted to take
the child but the mother was unwilling to part with him.
amata (amatile) v.t. Luyana. to hold lightly (as when holding a baby).
-amba ( ambile ) v.i. Luyana. to speak. der. yambelwa. syn. -bulela inv. -
ambulula (ambuluzi) to change one's mind.
-ambakana (ambakani) v.t. to cover all things (flood-water, etc): Mezi a
munda a ambakani libala kaufela, the flood-water covers the whole plain.
fig. to be omnipresent. to be present everywhere: Kamita mutu yo u
ambakani mwa litaba kaufela, this man is always involved in all affairs.
der. Muambakani (God)
-ambalala (ambalalile or -ambalaza (ambalalize) v.t. to stretch out arms, to
extend wings, to spread: U sike wa ambalala mazoho kwa mulilo u ka ca, do
not stretch out your hands to the fire, you may get burnt.
-ambamana (ambamanine) v.t. to cover. cf. -ambeka.
amba-za-unyanga, n.pl. Mbunda. hunters' dance. (in Silozi: lipina za
manyanga).
-ambeka (ambekile) v.t. (1) to be leaguer, to surround, to encircle, to
cover: Ba ambekile munzi, they beleaguered the village Pula i am-bekile
lihalimu, the clouds (lit: rain) cover the whole sky. (2) to hold a child
on the lap. in the arms rel. -ambekela (ambekezi) to hold a child for
someone.
-ambelela (ambelezi) v.t. (1) to cast a spell by using a medicine and
incantations (witchcraft): Butuku bwa hae ki bwa ka ambelelwa, his illness
is due to a spell cast over him (2) to order a crocodile to bring back its
prey by incantation
-ambola (ambozi) or-ambaula (am bauzi) v.i. to talk, to gossip, to chat, to
discuss. der. muamboli, ngambolo. rel. -ambolela (ambolezi) to tell, to
talk to, to tell someone, to speak on behalf of: A mu ni am-bolele litaba,
tell me the news. caus. -ambolisa (ambolisize) to converse. to hold a
conversation with, to make conversation to: Mu ambolise baenyi, make
conversation with the guests. rec -amboli-sana (ambolisani or
ambolisanile) to converse (the conversation being held by two people
only). ref. -lkambolela (ikambolezi) as -ambolisana.
-ambuka (ambukile) v.t. to put aside a matter; to leave someone alone, keep
away from someone: Mu ambuke libyana za mutu, leave the man's personal
effects. caus. -ambusa (ambusize) to keep some one away from: Na ba ni
ambusize mwa litaba za milelo ya bona, they have kept me out of their
plans. ref -ikambusa (ikambusize) to keep oneself out of trouble.
-ambula (ambuzi) v.t. to stretch out to the full length: Mbande i ambuzi
mafufa, the eagle stretched out its wings.
-ambula2 (ambuzi) v.i. to sit up, to stay up, to keep awake all the night: Lu
il'o bu ambula mane sekee: We sat up the whole night till dawn!
-ambwela1 (ambwezi) v.t. not to do or say again; to stop doing something: U
ambwele ku bulela manzwi ao, do not say those words again.
-ambwela2 (ambwezi) v.i. to remove harm attached to a taboo by saying or
doing something. cf. -mbamba.
-amenena (amenezi) v.t. (1) to take for oneself, as one's own, things which
wer meant to be shared: U amenena liluo, he is keeping the whole property
for himself. syn. -habelela. (2) to stand by someone, to assist, to speak
in favour of: Kamita mushemi u amenena mwan's hae, the parent always
stands by his child.
-amuba (amubile) v.i. to lose savour. to become insipid: Busunso bo bu
amabile, this relish is tasteless. syn. -sampuka. rel. -amubela (amu-bezi)
to be insipid to: Sico se sa ni amubela. to me this food is tasteless.
caus. -amubisa (amubisize) to make insipid.
-amuha (amuhile) v.t. to take from by force, to deprive, to disposess: Mun'a
munzi u mu amuhile simu, the village headman has taken away a garden from
him. rel. -amuhela (amuhezi) to deprive in favour of or on someone's
behalf. caus. -amuhisa (amuhisize) to cause someone's deprivation: Ba mu
 amuhisize simu ka busawana, they dispossessed him of his garden through
false reports. int. -amuhelela (amuhelezi) to deprive completely.
-amuhela (amuhezi) v.t. to receive, to take, to accept; to entertain; to
welcome: Ku amuhela mpo, to accept a gift. Ku amuhela muenyi, to welcome a
guest. der. kamuhelo, luamuhelo. rel. -amuhelela (amuhelezi) to reccive
for. and on behalf of: Mulena Lewanika u amuhelezi Buloz Linzwi la Mulimu,
King Lewanika welcomed the Word of God on behalf of his country. caus. -
amuhelisa (amuhelisize) to help to receive. rec. -amuhelana (amuhelani) to
receive each other. spec. exp. Ku amuhelana ka manzwi, to converse. Ku
amuhelana ka ku opela, to sing together (one sing ing the solo and others
singing the chorus).
-amuka1 (amukile) v.i. to breathe with difficulty, to feel pain in the chest:
U amukile mwa sifuba, he feels stabbing pains in his chest. caus. -amukisa
(amukisize) to cause to.
-amuka2 (amukile) v.i. to have one's fill, to be satiated. syn. kula2.
-ana-ana (ana-anile) v.i. to be ill-mannered, uncivil, forward: Mutu yo wa
ana-ana, this person has no manners. syn. -–ana-–ana. rel. -ana-anela
(ana-anezi) to show uncivility against someone. caus. -ana-anisa) to cause
to Yani se si mu ana-anisa cwalo ki kuli u fumile, it is the fact that he
is well off that gives that person such self-importance.
-anda (andile) v.t. (1) to freeze, to chill; to damage: Silami si andile
licalo, the frost has damaged the seedlings (2) to become rigid or tight
as a rope: Muhala u andile, the rope is tight. caus. -andisa (andisize) to
stretch out (a rope, etc) -andala (andile or andazi) v.t. to strike, to
give a blow to.
-andalala (andalalile) v.i. (1) to be rigid, to be stiff: Mulala wa hae u
andalalile mi h'a koni ku talima kwa: mulaho, he has such a stiff neck
that he is unable to look behind. (2) to look fixedly. caus. - andalalisa
(andalalisize) to cause stiffness
-andamena (andamezi) v.t. to wait for someone or something: to expect to
inherit: Ki yena ya anda-mezi situlo sa ndat'ahe, he is the one likely to
succeed his father. der. mwandamena.
-andamisa1 (andamisize) v.t. to expel: to chase: Mushimani yo ba mu
andamisize kwa sikolo, this boy has been expelled from school.
-andamisa2 (andamisize) v.t. to beat the Litunga's drums at fixed times:
Utwa, ba andamisa, Mulena u zwela fande; listen to the drums, the Litunga
is coming out of the palace.
-andauka (andaukile) v.i. to resound (as a gun when many shots are fired one
after the other, or drums strongly beaten).
-andaula (andauzi) v.t. to cut into small pieces (firewood, etc).
-andeka (andekile) v.t. to stretch a reed mat between reed fishing traps.
der. muandeko.
aneu! interj. stop! (used for stopping spans of oxen.)
-anga (angile) v.t. to conclude marriage negotiations by paying the usual fee
to the girl's parents: Ba angile ka Kwacha i linwi, they have paid K1.00
to seal the agreement. Musali yo s'a angilwe kwa bashemi ba hae, this
woman is engaged to be married.
-angabala (angabalile or angabezi) v.t. to be out of one's wits: Mutu ya
angabezi h'a buleli ze nde kwa batu, a man out of
his wits does not say pleasant things to other people. der. buyanga,
siyangano. rel. -anga-balela (angabalezi) to talk nonsense to, to speak
nonsense in the presence of people. caus. -angabalisa (angabalisize) to
drive someone out of his wits: se si mu angabalisize ki ku loiwa, it is
because he has been bewitched that he is out of his wits.
-angamana (angamani) v.i. to sit or walk with the nose in the air. cf. -
nanguka, -inuka. caus. -angamanisa (angamanisize) to cause to ~.
-angata (angatile) v.t. Luyana. to walk awkwardly carrying things in both
hands. cf. -mangata. rel. -angatela (angatezi) to carry for someone with
both hands.

-anguluka (angulukile) v.i. to cease being sad, to recover, to be well again

(as after illness or a relative's death): Mulili u angulukile kwa maswabi
a hae, the mourner has got over his sorrow. rel. -angulukela (angulukezi)
to show pleasure again, to enjoy: Mukuli s'a angulu-kela batu, the patient
shows pleasure again in being visited. caus. -angulukisa (angulukisize) to
comfortt Balikani ba hae ba mu angulukisize, his friends comforted him.
ani, dem. pron. pl. (class: bu-ma, li-ma, lu-ma) 3rd degree; those: Malao ani
mu a sabe! Mind those wasps!
-anjuka (anjukile) v.i. to look fixedly. syn. -ndwenduka. rel. -anjukela
(anjukezi) to stare at: Bona mbututu mw'a anjukezi baenyi, look how the
baby stares at the visitors.
-anya1 (anyize) v.t. to suck from the breast or cow's udder: Mbututu u anya
hande, the baby is in good health (lit: the baby sucks satisfactorily)
der. muanyisi muanyisezo. syn. -zwepa. rel. -anyeza (anyelize) to suck
someone's cow. caus. anyisa (anyisize) to suckle, to nurse at the breast,
to help a child drink directly from a cow; to allow cows to suckle calves:
Mushemi u anyisa mwan'a hae, the mother is suckling her child. fig. to act
in a way which will put someone in dif- ficulty, to exploit syn. -lumeha.
rel. -anyiseza (anyiselize) to suckle for someone: Ni anyiseze mushimani
yo, suckle this boy for me.
-anya2 (anyize) v.t. to beat, to whip, to thrash: Ni mu anyize ka papa, I
beat him with a whip. U ni anyize lubaka, he gave me a violent slap. freq.
-anyaula (anyauzi) to beat repeatedly and severely, to thrash: U mu
anyauzi hahalu, he beat him severely caus-anyaulisa (anyaulisize) to cause
or to help to beat: A ku t'o ni anyaulisa mulisana yo, come and help me to
beat this herdsman.
-anya-anya (anya-anyize) v.t. to touch anything lightly: U tiise kwa ku
swala, u sike wa anya-anya feela; hold fast, not so lightly.
-anyuka1 (anyukile) v.i. to be lying unconscious after being strangled. caus.
-anyuna (anyuzi) v.t. to strangle someone into unconsciousness: u mu
anyuzi ka baka la bu-maswe bwa hae. he strangled him because of his bad
behaviour.
-anyuka2 (anyukile) v.i. to come out from behind a cloud (sun, moon, star):
Ku se ku anyumukile, cwalŽ silami si felile: the sun is warming up now, it
is no longer cold. rel. pass -anyumukelwa (anyumukezwi) to get warm in the
morning sun; to dry up (as the morning dew): ki ko kunde ku zuma
linyunywani li si ka anyumukelwa kale, it is good to hunt birds when they
are still drowsy in the early morning.
-a–uka (a–ukile) v.i. to be fostered or brought up by a relation (sometimes:
to be adopted) Mwan'a ka u anuka ku kaizel'a ka, my child is being brought
up by my sister.
-a–ula (a–uzi) v.t. to foster, to adopt, to bring up: Mutu yo u anuzi ba
banata b lusika lwa habo, this person has brought up many of his
relations. Ka anula, foster parent. Ya anulela (anulezi) to bring up for;
ku anulela mutu mwan'a hae, to bring up someone's child. caus. -a–ulisa
(a–ulisize) to cause to, to help to bring up: U mu anulisize kwa lindiala,
he helped him to bring up some orphans.
ao, dem. pron. pl. (class: bu-ma. li- ma, lu-ma) 2nd degree; those: manaka ao
ni a boni, ki a mande hahulu: I saw those tusk, they are superb.
-apala (apezi) v.i. and v.t. to dress, to wear, to put on: Kacenu u apezi
hande, today he is well dressed. der. siapalo, muapalelo. (fig. mui-
kapali) cf. -tina. fig. exp. Ku apala batu, to take people by surprise, to
invade (as during a war).
-apesa (apesize) v.t. to clothe someone, to dress, to cover: Musali u apesize
mwan'a hae sweta, the woman has dressed her child with a pullover; Munda u
apesize libala, the flood has covered the plain. int. -apeseleza
(apeselelize) to cover fully. rec. fig to become locked in close fighting:
Banna ki kale ba apalana, the men are already coming to blows! syn. -
swalana ref. -lkapesa (ikapesize) to clothe, to dress oneself.
-apuha (apuhile) v.i. to be uncovered, to lie open: Mukuli wa hao u apuhile,
u mu apese kubo; your patient is lying uncovered, put a blanket on him.
Malu a apuhile, the sky is clear.
-apula (apuzi) v.t. to uncover, to undress, to strip; to open: U mu apuzi
ndelesi mi u mu siile mapunu, he has taken off her dress and left her
naked. Ku apula buka, to open a book for someone: U tusize ka apulela
sibofu buka ya sona, he helped the blindman to open his book. caus. -
apulisa (apulisize) to cause to uncover or to help to open. int. -
apulelela (apulelezi) to open fully; to uncover completely: U mu apule-
lezi likubo za hae kaufela, he has taken off all his blankets.
-apea (apeile) v.t. (also apeya) to cook, to stew; to make boil: Ku apea
bucwala, to brew beer; ku apea nama, to stew meat, der. muapei, buapei,
siapeiso, muapeelo. syn. -tateha. rel. -apeela (apeezi) to cook for: Ku
apeela bakuli lico, to cook food for the patients. caus. -apeisa
(apeisize) to order or to help to cook: Ku apeisa lico za bafuluhi, to
help to cook food for the paddlers. int. -apeelela (apeelezi) to cook all:
Ku apeelela nama, to cook all the meat. ref. -lkapeela (ikapeezi) to cook
for oneself.
asha! interj. expressing denial or used to deride someone
-asuka (asukile) v.i. to speak angrily and loudly; to cry very loudly (baby)
rel. -asukela (asukezi) to speak loudly to: ;. Ku asukela mutu, to speak
angrily to someone. freq. -asoka (asokile) to speak loudly and repeatedly.
rel. -asokela (asokezi) to speak angrily again and again to someone:
Muatuli a asokela ya n'a zekiswa, the judge spoke angrily many times to
the accused. caus. -asokisa (asokisize) to cause to speak angrily: U
asokisizwe ki mushiman'a hae, his boy caused him to speak angrily. U
asokisizwe ki ku utwa manzwi a maswe, he spoke angrily because of the bad
language he heard.
-ata (atile) v.i. to become more abundant, to increase, to multiply, to be
common: Libyana se li atile hahulu mwa mantolo, goods have become more
abundant in the stores. rel. -atela (atezi) to become abundant for
someone: Mali a mu atezi, he has got plenty of money. pass. -atelwa
(atezwi) to receive, to have plenty to live in abundance: U atezwi ki
matuku, his illnesses are frequent and varied. caus. -atisa (atisize) to
multiply to cause to increase: Tal'a i atisa busholi mwa naha, hunger
causes theft to in crease in the land. Also used as an axilliary verb: Ni
atisa ku kula, I am often ill. rel. -atiseza (atiselize) to increase, to
multiply for: Ku maswe ku atiseza mutu litaba z'a sika eza, it is bad to
charge someone with faults which are not of his doing. stat. -ateha
(atehile) to be abundant, to increase: batu ba se ba atehile hahulu
mwa naha, there is already a very large number of these (or such) people
in the country.
-atama (atami) v.i. to open the mouth, to be wide open: Nuka i atami, the
river is wide Libita li atami, the grave is open. der. muatamelo, buatamo,
rel. -atamela (atamezi) to open the mouth in order to get food:
Linyunywani za bana li atamela m'a zona h'a taha kwa siyaleto, the
fledglings open their mouths for food when the mother bird comes to the
nest. caus. -atamisa (atamisize) to cause to open the mouth: Atamisa
mulomo, u nwe mulyani, wo, open your mouth and drink this medicine int. -
atamelela to open themouth and be ready to catch (as a crocodile waiting
for its prey)
-atameza (atamezi) v.t. Sotho. to bring near: Atameza mukuli ku mualafi,
bring the patient near the i doctor. syn. -suteleza a-ta-mba-ku-ngwana,
Luyana. Some day I will get my revenge. (lit. They-will-find-me.). idiom.
exp. used by somebody who is ill treated.
-atuka (atukile) v.i. to be coarse, to be rough: to get discoloured: Buhobe
bo bu atuka mwa hanu, this buhobe is rough in the mouth. Lisila le li
atukile kapili, this fabric has faded quickly. caus. -atukisa (atukisize)
to cause to: Mu sefe bupi hande, mu ka ha atukisa, sift the flour well
lest it remains coarse.
-atula (atuzi) v.t. to judge, to pass sentence, to arbitrate: to condemn: Mu
atule taba ye, judge this case, der. muatuli, katulo, muatulelo, rel. -
atulela (atulezi) (1) to judge in favour of, to acquit: Kuta i mu atulezi,
the court acquitted him; (2) to condemn or sentence to: Ku atulela mutu
lifu, to sentence a person to death. caus. -atulisa (atulisize) to help to
judge, to assist in trying cases: Manduna ba atulisa Ngambela, councillors
assist the Ngambela in trying cases.
-atumela (atumezi) v.t. to get near: Ku atumela munzi, to get near the
village. caus. -atumeza (atumelize) to cause to come near. ref. -lkatu-
meza ( ikatumelize) to come near to someone (der) buikatumezo.
-atumuluha (atumuluhile) v.i. to be well stretched; to be wide: Mukwakwa u
atumuluhile, the road is wide. caus. -atumulusa (atumulusize) to stretch
well: Atumulusa mulomo ni kumule lino la hao, open your mouth wide so that
I may pull out your tooth. Ku atumulusa mukwakwa, to widen the road
au! interj. expressing surprise: what! is that so!
awa, adv. no. syn. batili.
ayaya! interj. expressing fatigue, weariness.
-aya-aya (aya-ayile) v.i. to be unable to speak clearly through fear or
stammering: Mutu yo ki wa sikukuma, u aya-aya feela, this man is
stammering and cannot speak clearly.
ayeka (ayekile) v.t. Luyana. to acknowledge salutations (said of the Litunga
when greeted by relatives) pass. -ayekwa (ayekilwe): Ba ayekilwe, their
salutation has been accepted. caus. -avekisa (ayekisize) to order someone
to acknowledge the salutation.
B
b, Generally soft. Somtimes almost pronounced as v: buhobe. After m, has an
explosive sound: mba.
ba, (1) pref. pl (class mu-ba) (2) pers. pron. 3rd pers. pl. subj and obj.:
they, them: Ba ni bona, they see me: u ba tusize, he has helped them. (3)
rel. pron. (same class) those who: Mu tiise lipilu za ba ba lila, comfort
those who mourn. (4) dem. pron. pl. (same class) 1st degree; these: Bana
ba, these children. (5) poss. part. pl. (same class): Bana ba luna, our
children. (6) In plural denoting respect: Bo ndate ba kula, my father is
ill.
ba! interj. of instant request: Mu tise mwanana yo kwanu ba! Do bring this
child here, quick!
-ba (bile) v.i. defective, used alternately with corresponding verb -li, as
in dependent clauses and imperfect tenses. (1) to be: Ku ba teni, to be
there. Ku ba siyo, not to be there; ba is not expressed in 1st and 2nd
persons of present tense: Ni mutu, I am a person. Mu ba bande, you are
good (or beautiful or handsome). In the 3rd person sing and pl' ki
replaces the pronoun: Ki mutu, he is a person; ki ba bande, they are good.
(2) to exist: Na li ka ba mutu, from the time I came into existence.
(idiom. exp. used in denial, meaning: never, not at any time) (3) to
become: Likota ze ha li ka ba ze tuna li ka be a hahulu, when these trees
become big, they will bear much fruit. (4) When used as an auxiliary verb,
ba gives the meaning of 'eventually' or 'until': Na ba na mu fa mali,
eventually I gave him money. See also: haiba, nihaiba, kaba.
-ba ni, v.t. (1) to have (to be with): Ku ba ni mata, to have strength. Also
formed by use of auxiliary verb -na ni (to sit with) in indicative and
conditional moods: Ni na ni bana, I have children. Kaba ni na ni mali,
kaba na mi tusa, if I had any money, I would assist you. (2) to be bound
to, obliged: Nih'a lata, nih'a sa lati mutu u na ni ka sebeza, whether he
likes it or not, a man is obliged to work. (3) The forms: 'ku na ni', 'ha
ku na' are commonly used to express: there is, there is not: Ku na ni batu
ba banwi mwa munzi, there are some people in the village. Ha ku na sico
mwa naha, there is no food in the land.
-baama (baamile) or baamana (baamani) v.i. to bar the way: Noha i baamile mwa
nzila, the snake is lying across the path. caus. -baamisa (baamisize) or
baameka (baamekile) to cause to bar the way: U side was baameka munsi mwa
munyako, do not put the pestle across the door. Ba baamisize ndembela ye
fubelu ku kwala mukwakwa, they have positioned the red flag, closing the
road.
-baba (babile) v.i. (1) to be bitter: Nkwinini ya baba, quinine is bitter.
rel. -babela (babezi) to be bitter to: Sico se sa ni babela mwa hanu, this
food has a bitter taste in my mouth. (2) to itch: Lukwekwe lwa baba,
scabies itch. caus. -babisa (babisize) to make bitter: Ba babisize busunso
ka lizwai le lin ata, they made the relish bitter by sprinkling on too
much salt.
-babaila (babailile or babaezi) v.i. to walk with difficulty, with sore feet:
Mutu yo u babaila inge ya na kulile linda, this person walks as if he
suffered from jiggers (chigoes) syn. -babalika. caus. -babailiseze) to
help someone who walks with difficulty: Ku babailisa mukuli, to help a
patient to walk.
-babalela (babalezi) v.t. to take care of, to look after, to attend to, to
provide: Ku babalela mbututu, to take care of a baby. Ku babalela likomu,
to look after the cattle. der. mubabaleli, pabalelo. syn. -tokomela. rel.
-babalelela (babalelezi) to take care of on someone'e behalf. caus. -
babalelisa (babaleli-size) to help to ~. rec. -babalelana (babalelani) to
take mutual care, to take care of each other. ref. -ipabalela (ipabalezi)
to take care of oneself.
-babata (babatile) v.i. and v.t. to grope, to feel one's way, to poke, to
look for a thing in darkness or under water: Sibofu si ba bata mu-nyako,
the blindman is groping for the door. syn. -pupuleza. rel. -babatela
(babatezi) to grope for someone. caus. -babatisa (babatisize) to help, to
assist in groping: T'o ni babatise mankisi wa luna, come and help me to
look for our matches (in darkness).
-babaza (babazize) v.t. Sotho. to admire, to wonder at, to praise: Ne ba mu
babaza ka sishemo sa hae, they praised him for his kindness. cf. -lumba.
-babuha (babuhile) or -babuka (babukile) v.i. (1) to be singed, slightly
roasted: Milili ya ka i babuhile, my hair got singed. (2) to be frost-
bitten (of young plants) freq. -babauka (babaukile) to be singed all over
or in many places.
-babula (babuzi) v.t. (1) to singe, to rast slightly. (2) to injure by frost:
Silami si babuzi licalo, the frost has nipped the seedlings. der. sibabu-
lani fig. to scold bitterly. caus. -babulisa (babulisize) to cause to
singe, to help someone to burn something: U t'o ni babulisa sului, come
and help me destroy the red ants with burning grass.
bafi? inter. pron. pl. (class: mu-ba) who? which? Bana ba mina ki bafi? Which
are your children?
bafi ni bafi, indef. pron. (class: mu-ba) whichever: Batu bafi ni bafi,
whoever these people are, whoever they may be. By extension: all, without
any exception.
bahabo (sing. wa -) bona: Bahabo luna, our relations; bahesu, my relations,
bahenu, Your relations.
baikale, n. pl. (batu baikale), the people of old, ancestors.
baikulu, n. pl. grandsons or granddaughters.
baikulu-ba-baikulu, n. pl. progeny, descendants, offspring, lineage. -baka
(bakile) v.i. to change one's mind; to repent, to be penitent; to amend:
Ni bakile, I repent. (Ku baka, used as noun means: repentance. Ku sa baka.
impenitence) rel. -bakela (bakezi) to repent for, to give up: Bakela lihi
za hao, give up your evil ways. caus. -bakisa (bakisize) to cause to
repent (through punishment) rel. -bakiseza (bakiselize) to punish on
someone-s behalf: T'o ni bakiseze mwanana yo, come and punish this child
for me. int. -bakelela (bakelezi) to give up one's evil ways for good.
-bakanya (bakanyize) v.t. to arrange, to put in order, to tidy, to prepare:
Lu bakanyize hande libyana mwa sintolo, we have put the goods tidily in
the store. syn. -lukisa. rel. -bakanyeza (bakanyelize) to prepare for: Lu
bakanyeze haenyi ndu, let us get the house ready for the guests. caus. -
bakanyisa (bakanyisize) to help to: Musizana yo u ni bakanyisize lipeu,
this girl has helped me to get the seeds ready. stat. -bakanyeha
(bakanyehile) to be in order, to be tidy: Ndu i bakanyehile hande, the
house is in good repair. int. -bakanyeleza (bakanyelelize) to put
completely in order ref. -lpakanya (ipakanyize) to prepare oneself, to get
ready.
Bakenisa prep; (lit: mwa sibaka-sa, in the place of) instead of~,on account
of, on behalf of: U.sebeze bakenisa ku bulela, do some work instead of
talking.
baki (li-) n. coat, jacket: U apezi baki ye nde, she is wearing a fine coat.
-bakula1 (bakuzi) v.t. to beat with the open hand, to slap on the face or on
the body: U mu bakuzi fˆ lilama, he has slapped him on the cheek. rel. -
bakulela (bakulezi) to for someone: Ni bakulele yena, slap him for me.
freq. -bakaula (bakauzi) to slap repeatedly.

-bakula2 (bakuzi) v.t. to take meal out of a mortar to be sifted. rel. -

bakulela (bakulezi) to ~ for someone
-bala (balile) v.t. (1) to read: Ku bala buka, to read a book (2) to count,
to reckon: Lu balile likomu za luna, we have counted our cattle. der.
 mubali, palo, lipalo, mubalelo. rel.-balela (balezi) to read to, to read
for: to count for: U ba balele 1inolo le, read this letter for them caus.
-balisa (balisize) to teach someone to read; to help someone to count.
int. -balelela (balelezi) to read or count completely. inv. -balulula
(baluluzi) to read or count again and again. ref. -lpalela (ipalezi) to ~
for oneself.
-bala-bala (bala-balile) v.t. to talk nonsense, to talk a lot in order to
hide thc truth. rel. -bala-balela (bala-balezi) to talk nonsense to. caus.
-bala-balisa (bala-balisize) to cause to talk nonsense: Tala i mu bala-
balisa zenata, hunger causes him to talk a lot.
-baleha (balehile) v.i. to run away, to flee: Ba balehile nwa ndwa, they fled
from the war. der. mubalehi, mubaleheli, paleho, baleho. cf: saba rel. -
balehela (balehezi) to flee to, to take refuge in; to flee from: Mulena
Lewanika n'a halehezi kwa Mashi, King Lewanika fled to Mashi. caus, -
balehisa ( balehisize to cause to ~.
baleho, (li-) n. flight!,escape (from: -baleha)
-balekela (balekezi) v.t. to put other pots on the fire: Balekela piza
kwatuko, put the pot on the fire close to the other one.
balela1 (balezi) v.t. to get into the windpipe (larynx): Mezi a ni balezi,
the water has half choked me. caus. -balelisa (balelisize) to cause to ~:
U ni balelisa mezi ka ku ni sehisa, you cause the water to go down the
wrong way when you make me laugh.
-balela2 (balezi) v.t. to put laths in a wall or a roof: Ku balela lapa, to
strengthen the grass enclosure with laths. der. libalelo or lubalelo. rel.
-balelela ( balelezi ) to ~ for someone caus. -balelisa(balelisize) to
help ~: U t'o ni balelisa lapa la ka, come and help me to put laths on my
grass enclosure.
balimu, n. pl. ancestral spirits.
-baluka1 (balukile) v.i. to have the ears cocked (as dogs when roused by a
distant sound). (Also said of people with protruding ears): Mwana ya
balukile lizebe u talimeha ku ba ni butali, a child whose ears stick out
is likely to be clever fig. to be all ears, to prick up one's ears.
-baluka2 (balukile) v.i. to get split off as a splinter, to be chipped syn. -
pazuha.
-bama (bamile) v.i. to be irregular or roughly sewn: Museme wo u bamile, this
mat has been roughly sewn. cause. -bamisa (bamisize) to sew roughly.
-bamala (bamazi) v.t. to beat, to strike: U mu bamazi ka mulamu, he beat him
with a stick syn. -nata.
-bamba1 (bambile) v.t. to bind round tightly with bark, string, etc. Ba
bamhile pizana ka makumba, they have bound the pot round with bark. rel. -
bambela (bambezi) to ~ for someone.
-bamba2 (bambile) v.t. Luyana. to catch; to handcuff. rel. -bambela (bambezi)
to hold for someone. caus. -bambisa (bambisize) to help someone to hold.
bambaba1 (bambabile) v.i. to show a bad character in speaking: Mutu
ya bambabile ku tata ku mu twaelela, it is difficult to become intimate
with someone who is all the time speaking in anger.
-bambaba2 (bambabile) v.i. to be hard-hearted, bad tempered. der. bubamba.
-bambana (bambani) v.i. to fight: Lu ta bambana ha u ni lwaha, we shall fight
if you insult me. syn. -lwana. rel. -bambanela (bambanezi) to fight for a
definite reason or purpose.
-bambeka (bambekile) v.t. to treat or regard with favour: Mulena u mu
bambekile hande, the Litunga has shown him favour. caus. -bambe-kisa
(bambekisize) to recommend someone, to help someone to be well-treated.
-bambela (bambezi) v.t. to bind a spear, a fishing spear etc., to prevent it
from getting loose from its handle. rel. -bambelela (bambelezi) to ~ for
someone. fig to force someone to stay where he does not like. cause. -
bambelisa (bambelisize) to help to ~.
-bambiliketa1 (bambiliketite) v.t. to force somebody to do something against
his will: Ku bambiliketa mwana kwa sa lati ku ina, to force a child to
stay where he does not like. cf. -bambela, -tamelela.
-banda1 (bandile) v.i. to threaten to fight (esp. hippo or bull) (see: -
ipanda)
-banda2 (bandile) v.t. to escape, to pass through a danger: folofolo i lu
bandile, the animal escaped from us. der. lubandangoti. caus. -bandisa
(bandisize) to help to escape, to let someone go: Ba bandisize batu ba
banata, they let many people get through.
-banda3 (bandile) v.t. to strike someone on the head with the palm of the
hand: Ku banda mutu lubaka, to give someone a slap on the head.
-banda4 (bandile) v.t. to cut roughly into shape, to start carving: U
banda kota ku eza mukolo, he is shaping out roughly a log to make a canoe.
der. mubandi, sibandiso, mubandelo. rel. -bandela (bandezi) to ~ for
someone. cause. -bandisa (bandisize) to help to ~. freq. -bandaula
(bandauzi) to chip out roughly: Mukeke wo u bandauzwi fela, this wooden
plate has been chipped out roughly. red. -banda-banda (banda-bandile) to
give a rough shape in carving.
-bandaeza (bandaezize) v.t. to clean a plate with the last portion of
'buhobe' at the end of a meal.
-bandamena (bandamezi) v.t. to watch for someone, to hide oneself in order to
attack someone, to ambush: Ba mu bulaile ka ku mu bandamena, they have
killed him in an ambush. caus. -bandamenisa (bandamenisize) to help to ~.
-banduka (bandukile) v.i. to split off (as an animal from a herd) to get free
from harm, to escape when others don't: Lo bandukile mwa ndwa, we got
through the war without harm rel. -bandukela (bandukezi) to escape in a
certain way: U bandukezi fo ku nyinyani, he had a narrow escape. caus. -
bandukisa (bandukisize) to enable someone to escape danger; to rescue.
-bandutula (bandutuzi) v.t. (1) to put things in order to set in order: Ku
bandutula liluo la mutu, to organise the right distribution of a dead
man's property. (2) to bring convincing arguments into a case: Mwa muzeko
wa mubu ku tokwahala ya ziba ka bandutula hande, in a land contestation a
clever witness is needed.

-bandumuka (bandumukile) v.i. to escape, to disappear.

-banga (bangile) v.t. Luyana. to nurse, to doctor, to give medicine to der.
mubangi, nganga. rel. -bangela (bangezi) to nurse for someone. caus. -
bangisa (bangisize) to help to ~.
-bangoka (bangokile) v.i. not to listen to, to be mischievous; to be fond of
spoiling things, of fighting der. sibangoki. caus. -bangokisa
(bangokisize) to cause to ~.
-bangula (banguzi) v.t. to cut barbs on fishing spears.
bani, dem. pron. pl. (class: mu-ba) 3rd degree; those: bashimani bani ba
ezani? What are those boys doing?
-banja (banjize) v.t. to take grain out of the granary in order to stamp it:
Ku banka mulalelo, to get out some grain for supper. der. mubanji. rel. -
banjela or -banjeza (banjelize) to give someone grain from the granary for
stamping.
banji, Luyana exp. meaning: the bottom is near (used in river transports when
paddlers must cease rowing and start poling) cf. akalikule.
-banjo (li-) n. Eng. 'home made' guitar usually played by children.
bapala (bapalile) v.i. to plays to amuse oneself. der. mubapali papali,
sibapaliso, mubapalalo, libapalelo. fig. to be in good health: Banana ba
bapala hande, the children are in good health. rel. -bapalela (bapalezi)
to play at, to play on; to pull someone's leg, to trifle" Ku bapalela
batu, to jeer at people. caus. -bapalisa (bapalisize) to amuse, to play
with, to entertain: U bapalisa mwana, he is playing with the child; u sike
 wa bapalisa libizo la Mulimu, you must not take the name of the Lord in
vain. rel. -bapaliseza (bapaliselize) to cause to play for, at, in. U sike
wa bapaliseza banana mwa ndu, do not play with the children in the house.
bapana (bapani) v.i. to be near one another: Mandu a luna a bapani hahulu,
our houses are too close. der. mabapa ni.
-bapanya (bapanyize) v.t. (1) to put things side by side or to put people in
one line as in a race. (2) to compare: U sike wa bapanya mutu ya lukile ni
silumba sani, do not compare a good man with that rascal.
-bapisa (bapisize) v.t. to compare, to illustrate, to give an example: N'a
bapisa komu ya ka ni ya hae, he was comparing my cow to his. ref. -lpapisa
(ipapisize) to compare oneself to.
-bapaza (bapazize) v.t. to barter, to exchange, to offer for sale, to
advertise: U bapaza komu ya hae, he is offering his cow for sale. der.
papazo. syn. -fundota. rel. -bapazeza (bapazelize) to for someone.
-bapuha (bapuhile) v.i. to be well stretched: Maoma a bapuhile hande, the
skin covering the royal drums is well stretched.
-bapula (bapuzi) v.t. to stretch with pegs, to peg, to put a hide on a drum:
Ba bapuzi tente, they have pegged out the tent. der. mubapuli, sibapuliso.
syn. -takisa. fig. to throttle someone until all his limbs are
outstretched. rel. -bapulela (bapulezi) to for someone. caus. -ba-pulise
(bapulisize) to help to. inv. -bapulula (bapuluzi) to take off pegs from a
stretched skin, etc.
-basa (basize) v.t. to paint. to put colours on, to dye, to decorate: Musali
yo u basize hande lipiza za hae, this woman has artistically decorated her
pots. der. mubaso, sibasiso. fig. to transmit colour by breeding: Ki ifi
poho ye basa cwana? Which bull is it that produces stock of such a colour?
rel. -baseza (baselize) to paint for someone. caus. -basisa (basisize) to
help to paint.
basi, (li-) n. Eng. bus.
basu ! interj. expressing fright, wonder, instant request: Mu n'o akufa basu!
Do hurry up! (same as besu, basuni, basunu, which are slightly more
polite.)
bata! n. Eng. butter. syn. silileli.
-bata1 (batile) v.t. (1) to seek, to look for; to wish, to require, to
desire: Ni bata kama ya ka, I am looking for my comb. Mu batani? What are
you looking for? syn. -tembuka, -tonoka. (2) to seek in marriage, to
court, to woo: U bata musali, he is looking for a wife. der. mubati,
libato, mubatelo. (3) when used as auxiliary verb means; to be very near
or on the point of: Mutu yo u hata ku shwa, this person is on the point of
death. rel. -batela (batezi) to seek for, in, at. caus. -batisa (batisize)
to help someone to seek, to put a price upon: Komu ya hao u i batisa
bukai? How much do you want for your cow? int. -batisisa (batisisize) to
search carefully, to investigate. int-stat. -batahala (batahalile) to be
required or wanted: Se si batahala fela ki sico, what is required is food
only. ref. -lpatela (ipatezi) to ~ for oneself. rel. -ipatapata
(ipatapatile) to try hard to find money with which to make an urgent
purchase or payment. syn. -ibalabata.
-bata2 (batile) v.i. (1) to be cool or cold: Tisa mezi a bata, bring some
cold water; kacenu kwa bata, today it is cold (2) to be empty: Ha ku na
mbonyi mwa sizuma, ki mo ku bata, there is no maize in the basket, it is
empty; lu f mani mwa hae kwa bata ku li poo! We found no one in the
village. rel. (pass) -batelwa (ba-tezwi) to feel cool: Pula ha i nelile
lwa batelwa, after it has rained we feel cool. caus. -batisa (batisize)
(1) to make cool: Ndondo i batisa mezi, the pitcher makes the water cool.
der. sibatiso. (2) to kill in a short time: Ha lu fita lwa fumana ki kale
a mu batisa, when we arrived we found that he had already killed the man
-bata3 (batile) v.i. to be tasteless, to be insipid: Busunso bo bwa bata,
this relish is tasteless.
-bata4 (batile) v.t. to strike (usually on the head): U mu batile lituma, he
has wounded him on the head. rel. -batela (batezi) to beat at, in freq. -
bataka (batakile) to strike repeatedly in several places.
-bateka (batekile) v.t. to hang something on a forked pole, to place under
the eaves, to hold between one's legs (a drum, etc.:) U bateke swaki ya
mezi kwa lifata, hang the water bag on the forked pole
bati! interj. of surprise Ha!
batili, adv. no (polite word of refusal or denial) syn. awa. (impolite not
used to superiors)
-batula (batuzi) v.t. Luyana. to cut. der. sibataulo. syn. -puma. rel. -
batulela (batulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -batulisa (batulisize) to help
to ~. freq. -bataula (batauzi) to cut into pieces.
-baula (bauzi) v.t. to go across a river. syn. -sila. caus. -baulisa
(baulisize) to take across a river.
-bayula1 (bayusi) v.i. to overflow (of rivers and canals) freq. -bayaula
(bayauzi) to overflow in many places when the flood arrives.
-bayula2 (bayuzi) v.t. to strike with a stick or knobkerry: Ba mt bayuzi fa
pata, they struck him on the face. fig. to speak plainly: Ku bayula taba,
to explain the matter straight forwardly
-bea (beile) v.t. (1) to put, to place, to set up: Buka ye u y'o i bea fa
tafule, go and put this book on the table (2) to install: Ku bea mutu fa
bulena, to crown a king. (3) to bear fruit, to produce, to yield: Likota
za luna li beile hahulu, our trees have produced, much fruit. der. mubei,
sibeiso, peo. rel. -beela (beezi) (1) to keep for someone: Mu y'o ni
beela, go and keep some food for me, I am coming. (2) to put poison in
someone's food. der. mabeela. caus. -beisa (beisize) (1) to help to put
things in their places: T'o ni beise libyana mwa ndu, come and help me put
things in the house. (2) to make fruitful; to have green fingers: Wena ya
beisa, u t'o ni calela, as you have green fingers, please come and sow my
seeds. ref. -lpea (ipeile) (1) to submit oneself: Mutu kaufela a ipee
mwatasi a ba ba busa, let everybody be subject to the higher power. (2) to
be self confident, to presume: Mutu yo u ipea ya lukile. this man believes
in his own right-eousness.
-beba1 (bebile) v.t. to give a smooth finish to woodwork (spear handle,
paddle, etc. der. mubebi, sibebiso, mubebelo. syn. -yenga rel. -bebela
(bebezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -bebisa (bebisize) to help to ~ ref. -
lbebela (ibebezi) to ~ for oneself
-beba2 (bebile) v.i. Luyana. to play. der. sibebiso. syn. -bapala.
-bebuluha (bebulukile) v.i. to stray from the right direction; to miss the
aim in shooting: Lilumo li bebulukile, the shot has missed the target.
rel. -bebulukela (bebulukezi) to turn away, to deviate towards. caus. -
bebulukisa (bebulukisize) to cause to ~ : U sike wa bebulukisa mukolo,
don't cause the canoe to deviate.
-beka (bekile) v.t. to cut meat into small pieces, to make biltong or thongs.
der. mubeki, sibekiso, mubekelo. rel. -bekela (bekezi) to ~ for someone.
caus. -bekisa (bekisize) to order or to help to ~ fig to overwork: Ba ni
bekisize musebezi ni li nosi, they ordered me to do all the work alone.
ref. - fig - ipekisa (ipekisize) to take too much upon oneself: Mu sike
mwa ipekisa taba mu nosi, don't bear the trouble alone.
-beka-beka (beka-bekile) v.t. to spoil a child: Musali yo u bekabeka hahulu
mwan'a hae, this woman spoils her child far too much.
-bela (bezi) v.t. to grind millet: Ba bela lukesha fa licwe, they grind red
millet on a flat stone. rel. -belela (belezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -
belisa (belisize) to assist in grinding or to order to grind.
-beleka1 (belekile) v.i. to work for wages. der. mubeleki, mubelekisi,
sibelekiso, peleko, pelekiso, mubeleko, pelekelo. cf. -sebeza. rel. -
belekela (belekezi) to work for someone or for some definite purpose: Ni
belekela mwan'a ka mali a sikolo, I am working to pay for my child's
school fees. caus. -belekisa (belekisize) to give employment, to help
someone in his work. int. -belekelela (belekelezi) to be in regular
employment. red. -beleka-beleka (beleka-belekike) to work for a short
time. ref. -lpelekela (ipelekezi) to earn wages for one's own purpose: Ni
ipelekela mali a mutelo,
I am working in order to find money to pay my tax.
-beleka2 (belekile) v.t. to file or rasp metals. der. libeleko rel. -
belekela (belekezi) to ~ for someone caus. -belekisa (belekisize) to help
to ~.
-belela (belezi) v.i. (1) to be transparent due to thinness or wear (as cloth
or a thatched roof which lets in light; also of a forest near its edge):
Kwa belela, lu tuha lu punya mushitu, we can see light through the trees,
so we shall shortly be at the edge of the forest. (2) (of cloth) to be
diaphanous or transparent. Lisila le la belela, this material is
diaphanous.
-belemeka (belemekile) v.t. to cheat, to deceive. syn. -pelemeka, -puma,
onga, etc.
-belenga (belengile) v.t. (1) to exterminate by witchcraft or war: Ki muloi,
u belengile batu ba banata, he is a wizard he has killed many people. (2)
to work hard, to get through a lot of work in a short time: Munna yo u
belengile likota mwa litema, this man felled all the trees in the cassava
garden in no time at all. rel. -belengela (belengezi) to exterminate on
someone's behalf. caus. -belangisa (belengi-size) to cause extermination.
-belengana (belengani) v.i. to be visible through (as light through a
thatched roof or trees): Ndu ye ya belengana, the thatch of this house
lets the light through.
-beluka (belukile) v.i. to pass quickly before the eyes and disappear: Ni
boni mwanana ya n'a beluka fa, I have just seen a child flashing past.
der. mubelukela.
-bemauka (bemaukile) v.i. to be lured out of one's way, to be drawn on, to be
led astray (as by magic power). caus. -bemauna (bemauzi) or -bemaukisa
(bemauki size) to lure, to draw on, to induce by magic power: Sesi mu
bemauzi ki sika mani? What has lured him into danger?
-bemba (bembile) v.t. to frighten, to terrify by threats: Mushemi u bembile
mwan'a hae kuli a tuhele mikwa ya hae ye maswe, the parent has frightened
his child out of his bad ways. rel. -bembela (bembezi) to threaten someone
on another's behalf. caus. -bembisa (bembisize) to cause to ~.
-bembula (bembuzi) v.i. to be scared of fighting, to fear and avoid fighting.
-bena-bena (bena-benile) v.i. to go here and there, begging for food: to look
for someone (as an angry person anxious to fight) der. mubena-beni caus. -
bena-benisa (bena-benisize) to cause to ~
benda (bendile) v.i. (1) to be angry, to do serious damage, to be given to
violence or lust (as a man set on raping women) Mwa silalo sa luna ku na
ni tau ye benda, in our district there is a fierce lion. (2) to look for
an object placed under the roof of a hut, to search, to look around, to
find. rel. -bendela (bendezi) to be very angry with someone. caus. -
bendisa (bendisize) to cause to ~. freq. -bendana (bendanile) to move
angrily from place to place.
-benga (bengile) v.t. to make a slit in a grass enclosure in order to peep
through, to push aside high grass or reeds in order to pass through
-benjuka (benjukile) v.i. (1) to be odd, not according to rule or standard:
Mutu yo u benjukile pile (moya), this person is a queer character. (2) to
be flay-footed: Mushimani yo u benjukile mautu, this boy is flay-footed.
 (3) to be crooked: Ndu ye i benjukile situwa, the roof of this house is
crooked.
- benya (benyize) v.i. to shine. to glitter, to be bright: Masenge a ndu ya
ka a benya, the tin roof of my house is shining. syn. kanya. caus. -
benyisa (benyelize, today he was severely scolded lit. today the scorching
sun (kazazi) has shone on him.) freq. -benyauka (benyaukile) to be
frequently irritated, to be flashing again and again as lightning during a
storm.
-besa (besize) v.t. to roast. der. mubesi. rel. -beseza (beselize) to roast
for someone. caus. -besisa (besisize) to help to roast. ref. -lpeseza
(ipeselize) to roast for oneself.
besu, besunu, see: basu.
-beta1 (betile) v.t. to carve, to hew; to plane: Ku beta mukolo, to make a
canoe. der. mubeti, bubeti, sibetiso, mubetelo, libetelo. rel. -betela
(betezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -betisa (betisize) to order or to help to
~. ref. -lpetela (ipetezi) to ~ for oneself: Ki na ya ipetezi ona mukolo
wo, I have made myself this canoe.
-beta2 (betile) v.t. Luyana. to fold the legs of a dead or dying person.
-beteka (betekile) v.t. Sotho. to betray, to have bad designs against
someone, to lead someone into trouble or danger: U betekile mwana habo, mi
u mu bulaisize, he betrayed his brother and caused his death. der.
mubeteki syn. -oka, -puma.
-beula (beuzi) v.t. to shave: U sike wa beula mbututu ka kabemba, don't shave
the baby's hair with a razor blade. fig. to cut off: Ni ta ku beula zebe
ka mulamu! I will cut off your ear with a stick. den mubeuli, sibeuliso.
rel. -beulela (beulezi) to ~ for someone. ref. -lpeula (ipeuzi) to shave
oneself.
-
-bewama (bewami) v.i. to sit down, to approach somebody in order to give him
a false statement: Mutu yani u bewami ku Ngambela ku bulela buhata, that
man has approached the Ngambela to give him a false statement. der.
kabewa. -beta (beyile) v.t. as: -bea.
-beyeka (beyekile) v.t. as: -beteka.
bi, (1) pref. pl. (class: si-bi) giving a noun a meaning of wretchedness:
Bindu, delapidated houses, (2) pron. pl. subj and obj. (same class) they,
them: Biseme byani bi lekisizwe kaufela, those poor mats have been sold
out: bitapi bye, ya bi lekile ki mani? Who has bought such bad fish? (3)
rel. pron. pl. (same class): those which: bisholi bye be bi bulelwa ki
bifi? Who are these robbers the people are speaking of?
-biama (biami or biamile v.i. To have a bent for something, to refuse advice,
to act against orders. spec. exp.: Mutu yo u biami pilu, this man is very
obstinate. rel. -biamela (biamezi) to have the mind bent on: Mutu yo pilu
ya hae i biamezi kwa musebezi, this person is intent upon his work. caus.
-biamisa (biamisize) to cause someone to be bent upon.
Bibele, (li-) n. Eng. Holy Bible.
biemba-bya-nalikwanda n. idiom. exp. (used as a fearful oath): U pazuhe
biemba-bya-nalikwanda, may you split like fragments of the Nalikwanda.
-bifa (bifile) v.i. to be angry: fig. exp. Nuka i bifile, the river is rough.
der. mabifi. rel. -bifela (bifezi) to be angry against. caus. -bifisa
(bifisize) to cause to ~. int. -bifelela (bifelezi) to be persistently
angry against int. (pass) -bifelelewa bifelezwi) to be set against
someone.
-biha (bihile) v.t. to report, to announce, to make known: Mu y'o biha taba
ye kwa kuta, go and report this matter to the court. der. mubihi, piho.
rel. bihela (bihezi) to report to. ref. -lpiha (ipihile) to present
oneself to, to report for duty.
-bikuka (bikukile) v.i. (1) to stand up, to move: Munna yo h'a na ku bikuka
kapili fˆ inzi, this man is not going to move quickly from where he is
sitting. (2) to get up-rooted (of trees).
-bikula (bikuzi) v.t. to raise, to lift up a heavy load, to up-root syn. -
bikumuna rel. -bikulela (bikulezi) to lift up for someone. caus. -bikulisa
(bikulisize) to help to lift up.
-bikumuka (bikumukile) v.i. to bank up, to pile up (clouds, etc.) to get
lifted up: Kota yani ni i utwile ha i wa, i bikumukile busihu; I heard
that tree fall down, it was up-rooted during the ngith.
-bikumuna (bikumuzi or bikumunile) v.t. to raise a heavy thing: U bikumuzi
sinkuzi, he has lifted up a very heavy, stout person. syn. -bikula.
-bikutula (bikutuzi) v.t. to be lucky in catching large fish.
-bila (bilile) v.i. to boil; to ferment: Mezi a bila, the water is boiling
fig. to sweat much: Ni fufulezwi maswe, mane na bila, I am absolutely
pouring with sweat lit. I am sweating badly even to boiling-point. pass.
to be afflicted or troubled with: Wena u bilwa ki sika mani? What ails
you? caus. -bilisa (bilisize) to cause to ~. rel. -biliseza (biliselize)
to ~ for someone.
-bilaela (bilaezi) v.i. (1) to be dissatisfied, disappointed; to murmur, to
grumble: Ni bilaela ka mupuzo wa ka, I am dissatisfied with my wages; (2)
to be anxious: U bilaela ka ya kwa sipatela, he is anxious to go to the
hospital; (3) to complain, to lodge a complaint: Ni bilaela ka mutu ya
uzwize mali a ka, I am complaining about the person who stole my money;
(4) to be suspicious, to hesitate: Ni bilaela ka Nyambe kuli mwendi ki
yena ya uzwize mali a ka, I suspect that Nyambe perhaps stole my money.
Der. mubilaeli, pilaelo. rel. -bilaelela (bilaelezi) to complain about.
caus. -bilaeza (bilaelize or bilaezize) or -bilaelisa (bilaelisize) to
cause dissatisfaction, anxiety. ref. -ipilaeza (ipilaelize) to fear the
consequence of one's own actions.
-bilauka1 (bilaukile) or-biloka (bilokile) v.i. to boil much: Mbonyi ya
bilauka mwa piza, the grain is boiling over in the pot; to be much
agitated: Lutaka lu bilauka mwa sibuba, the reeds are swaying up and down
in the current.
-bilauka2 (bilaukile) v.i. to be unusually large (eye): Meto a hae a bilauka,
the whites of his eyes make them look large and beautiful; to be turned up
(as the eyes of a dying person) caus. -bilaula (bilauzi) or -bilaukisa
(bilaukisize) to turn one's eyes all around (of a person in a fit).
-bilima (bilimile) vi. to move fast (as a wheel turning round quickly); to
walk or dance lightly: Mutu yani u bilima inge mota, that person walks as
fast as a car. rel. -bilimela (bilimezi) to move quickly towards. caus. -
bilimisa (bilimisize) to cause to move quickly.
bilingana (bilingani) v.i. to get excited, to be quick-tempered: Mutu yo u
bilingana fela, this person easily loses his temper. caus. -bil inganisa
(bilinganisize) to cause to ~.
-bilingela (bilingezi) v.t.to use medicine in order to bewitch; to provide a
charm to prevent a person from being bewitched, to remove a spell. rel. -
bilingelela (bilingelezi) to bewitch on someone's behalf. caus. -
bilingelisa (bilingelisize) to cause to ~.
bilu! ideoph. referring to the leap of a fish.
-biluka1 (bilukile) v.i. to come to the surface, to leap or suddenly turn
over (fish) sp. exp.: Ku biluka kwa pilu, to feel like vomiting, to feel a
spasmodic move of the stomach. der. bilu! caus. -bilula (biluzi) to raise
sand or mud (like fish trying to hide).
-biluka2 (bilukile) Luyana. v.i. to undergo a change of shape (as human
beings believed to have the power to change into beasts) der. mukubilu.
caus. -bilula (biluzi) to cause to ~. ref. -lpilula (ipiluzi) to ~
oneself.
-bima (bimile) v.t. to bring misfortune or cause an accident by a spell cast
over someone from a distance. syn. -shi–a. rel. -bimela (bimezi) to ~
against someone. cause. -bimisa (bimisize) to cause to ~.
bimbandungulu, n. pl. old broken wooden dishes.
bimingi-mingi. n. pl. small portions of fish.
-bina (binile) v.i. to dance: Ni ziba ku bina Ngomalume, I know how to dance
the Ngomalume (Lozi men's dance). der. mubini, pina, sibiniso, mubinelo.
syn. -funya, funyungula. rel. -binela (binezi) to dance for somebody to
sing to: Ku binela Mulena, ku mu opelela lipina, to dance for the Litunga,
to sing songs for him. caus, -binisa (binisize) to join someone dancing;
to clap hands for someone dancing; to conduct singing. int. -binelela
(binelezi) to dance for a gift or for food: Mubini yo u binelela lico,
this dancer is dancing for food. red.-bina-bina (bina-binile) to dance for
a short time.
-binda (bindile) v.t. to fold, to wind or roll into a ball: Mandui ba binda
kanyandi, the fishermen are folding up their net. rel. -bindela (bindezi)
to ~ for. caus. -bindisa (bindisize to help someone to ~. int.-bindelela
(bindelezi) to ~ completely.
-binda-binda (binda-bindile) v.i. to try to do a difficult thing; to be
unequal to.
-bindana (bindani) v.i. see: -bingana.
-bindekela (bindekezi) v.i. to try hard, but in vain: Lu li ka bindekela, ha
lu koni, though we try hard, we do not succeed. cf. -lika.
-bindela (bindezi) v.t. (1) to cause someone to trip. (2) to take a fish by
the head when caught in a net in order to kill it. (3) to steer a canoe
with a paddle in order to keep it steady. der. mabindela.
bindele, n. an illness, no longer occurring, associated with superstitious
beliefs.
-bindula (binduzi) v.t. (1) to move the eyes slightly: Mukuli u sa bindula
meto, the patient is still conscious. (2) to stir, when making beer
(namala) der. kabindu. rel. -bindulela (bindulezi) to stir beer for
someone. caus. -bindulisa (bindulisize) to help someone to stir beer.
bingana (binganile) v.i. to be unable to stay still; to move continually (as
a large fish etc). to work under great pressure. fig. to talk ceaselessly.
caus. -binganisa (binganisize) to cause to move; to make efforts: to
perform.
-binguta (bingutile) v.t. to collect the Litunga's share when fishing der.
mubinguti, mubingu, mubingutelo. rel. -bingutela (bingutezi) to put aside,
for the Litunga. his share of a catch of fish. caus. -bingutisa
bingutisize) to order or to help someone to take from a catch the fish
intended for the Litunga.
-bipa (bipile) v.t. (1) to let soaked grain ferment. (2) to keep food to
one's self, to keep in store for someone. rel. -bipela (bipezi) to let
soaked grain ferment for someone. inv. -bipulula (bipuluzi) to let
fermented grain dry up. ref. -lpipela (ipipezi) to let soaked grain
ferment for oneself.
bipelwa (bipezwi) v.i. to be constipated, to be flatulent, to have wind. fig.
exp: U bipezwi ki taba, he is overwhelmed by the evidence. rec. -bipelana
(bipelani) to be constipated: to be blocked (bowels) caus. -bipelisa
(bipelisize) or -bipeza (bipelize) or -bipezwa (bipelizwe) to cause
flatulence.
bishopu, (bo-) n. Eng. bishop.
bisikiti (Ma-) n. Eng. biscuit
-bita1 v.i. Luyana. to pas syn. -fita.
-bita2 (bitile) v.t. Luyana. to throw a wrestler on the ground: U palezwi ku
mu bita, he has failed to throw him down. syn. -wisa.
bitihela (bitihezi) v.t. to plaster with dung the stopper of a container
(grain container, beer container, etc) fig. to keep a secret: Taba ye u i
bitihele mwa pilu, please, keep this matter secret. rel. -bitihelela
(bitihelezi) to ~ for someone: U t'o ni bitihelela sifalana sa ka, come
and smear my grain bin for me. caus. -bitihelisa (bitihelisize) to help
someone to ~.

-bituka (bitukile) v.i. to be taken to, to be taken on a journey, or even to

death (as in the case of a person who has taken the 'mitu' medicine.
-bitula (bituzi) v.t. Luyana. to take, to take with to kill fig: to take
other people to the grave when one dies (said of someone who has taken
'mitu' or 'muvenabo' medicine: also said of a lion which does not die
alone). rel. -bitulela (bitu-lezi) to convey for someone: U ni bitulele
linolo la ka, please take this letter to the addressee for me. caus. -
bitulisa (bitulisize) to help someone to take or to carry. int. -
bitulelela (bitulelezi) to take away the whole lot.
-bitulula (bituluzi) v.t. to remove the plaster from the opening of a clay
bin; to take out the grain from the bin. fig. to reveal hidden or long-
forgotten things. rel. -bitululela (bitululezi) to ~ for someone. cause. -
bitululisa (bitululisize) to help someone to ~.
-biuka (biukile) v.i. to change direction, to turn aside (as a canoe badly
manned) rel. -biukela (biukezi) to turn towards. caus. -biula (biuzi) or -
biukisa (biukisize) to cause to turn, to turn a canoe in a different
direction.
biati, n. pl. Luyana. straps fixing a load to a stick used to carry things on
the shoulder. syn. makulekelo.
-biza (bizize) v.t. (1) to call: U y'o biza bo ndat'aho, go and call your
father. (2) to name: Mwanana yo mu ta mu biza mani? What name will you
give this child? der. pizo, libizo, mubizezo. rel. -bizeza (bizelize) to
call for someone int. -bizeleza (bizelelize) to call everybody. rec.
hizana (bizani) to call each other. ref. -lpiza (ipizize) as rec. rel. -
ipizeza (ipizelize) to call upon oneself: Ku loba mulao ki ku ipizeza
bumai, to break the law leads to trouble.
bo, conj. sometimes: ibo, bul, however syn. kono. When following a noun or a
pronoun in interrogative clauses: what about: Na bo? What about me? Likomu
bo? What about the cattle?
bo, pref. pl. (class: mu-ba): Kaufel'a mina mu y'o bulelela bo ndat'a mina
,all of you go and tell your fathers. pref. of respect when addressing a
single person: Bo ndate. sir (my father) pref. pl. of some nouns beginning
with i, na, sha, etc: Bo imuyulu, knob-billed ducks: bo nalwange, cattle
egrets; bo shakame, rabbits.
bo, dem. pron. sing. (class: bu-ma) 1st degree; this: Buhobe bo ki bo bunde
hahulu, this 'buhobe' is excellent.
bo, rel. part. sing. (class: bu-ma) that, which: Butali bo bu komokisa,
amazing intelligence. Also with adj accompanying nouns of same class:
Buitumelo bo bunde, well appreciated thankfulness.
-boba (bobile) v.i. to walk in rather deep water.
-bobonga (bobongile) v.t. see: poponga.
-bobotoka (bobotokile) v.i. to talk heedlessly, without reserve, (as a person
mourning the dead or after drinking to excess) rel. -bobotokela
(bobotokezi) to speak at random to someone. caus. -bobotokisa
(bobotokisize) to cause to ~.
-bofa (bofile) v.t. Sotho. to bind, to inspan: Ku bofa lipulu, to inspan
oxen. der. libofo. syn. -pana. rel. - bofela (bofezi) to inspan for. caus.
-bofisa (bofisize) to help to inspan. int. -bofelela (bofelezi) to inspan
all oxen. inv. -bofolola (bofolozi) or -bofulula (bofuluzi) to outspan.
boi, n. shyness, timidity, cowardice: Boi bwa hae ki bo butuna hahulu, his
cowardice is excessive.
-boloka1 (bolokile mwa mazoho, the pot has dropped from his hands. syn. -
bolomoka. fig. exp. Lilimi li ni bolokile, I made a slip of the tongue,
fig. to remain (one out of many): Bana ba hae ba felile ku shwa, ku tokwa
nihaiba a li munwi ya bolokile fateni, all his children have died, not
even a single one has remained alive.
-boloka2 (bolokile) or-booloka (boolokile) v.t. to pass by a person or a
place without stopping; to overlook, to disregard: U boolokile munzi wa
bona ka ku saba lindwa, he by-passed their village for fear of quarrels.
rel. -bolokela (bolo-kezi) to offend someone by overlooking him: S'o ni
bolokezi ki sika mani? Why did you pass me by? caus. -bolokisa
(bolokisize) to cause to pass by. fig to deprive: Ku boolokisa mutu
litukelo za hae, to deprive someone of his rights.
bololo! interj. expressing amazement at an unusual catch (fish) or shooting
(birds, animals) syn. pyatiti! cabau! (from: bolomeka)
-bolomana (bolomani) v.i. to sit in great numbers: Ni fumani batu ba bolomani
fa Kuta, I found a large crowd sitting in front of the Court. rel. -
bolomanela (bolomanezi) to sit at, to sit in front of someone. caus. -
bolomanisa (bolomanisize) to cause to ~.
-bolomeka (bolomekile) v.t. to kill many at a time (fish, animals etc.): ba
bolomekile lifolofolo zen ata, they killed a lot of game. der. ka-bololo,
bololo.
-bolomoka (bolomokile) v.i. to drop from the hands, to fall inadver tently:
Komoki i ni bolomokile mwa lizoho, the cup has just fallen from my hand.
syn. -boloka. fig. to escape: U bolomokile kwa lilumo, he got through the
battle unharmed. rel. -bolomokela (bolomokezi) to drop in, at. caus. -
bolomokisa (bo-lomokisize) to let fall, to drop.
-boma1 (bomile) v.t. to smash, to kill many things at once (as by lightning);
to break many things at a time, to crush. syn. -pyata rel. -bomela
(bomezi) to break many of somebody's things. caus. -bomakisa (bomakisize)
to cause to break; to help to kill. freq. -bomaka (bomakile) to break
repeatedly. int. bomakelela (bomakelezi) to break all.
-boma2 (bomile) v.i. to remain out, not to find room, to be left over: Mutise
kwanu lico ze bomile, bring here the food left over.
Boma (Li-) n. Swahili. District Secretary's Office. (By ext: any place where
there is such an office.)
-bomba (bombile) vi.i. (1) to be exhausted: Lipulu li bombile, the draught
oxen are exhausted. syn. -tamba, -topwela. (2) (in the 'muba' dance) to
pray the spirit to leave the patient alone: A lu bombe ku 'muba', let us
pray to the 'muba' spirit.
bo-mbonezikai, n. pl. dwarfs.
bomu, n. purpose, deliberate intention usually taken as ill-meant: U ezize ka
bomu, he did it on purpose. (see: mabomu)
bona, emph. pron. (class: mu-ba) 3rd person plural: they, them, themselves:
Bona ba fitile ka nako, they themselves arrived in time. Also emph. pron.
sing (class: bu-ma) it, itself: Bona busihu bo, on this very night.
-bona (boni or bonile) v.t. (1) to see, to look, to behold: Ni ba boni,
I saw them; u t'o bona se, come and see this; bona, u ta holofala! Look
out or you will hurt yourself. (2) to perceive, to notice: Ni bona kuli
mutu yo h 'a buleli niti, I notice that this person does not speak the
truth. (3) to find: Ni ka bona kai mali? Where can I find some money. der.
muboni, mubonisi, pono, poniso, siiponi, ponahalo, ponahazo, mutolalibona.
rel. -bonela (bonezi) to see for, to watch for, to provide: Ni ta ku
bonela mbututu ya hao, I shall look after your baby. caus. -bonisa
(bonisize) to show, to let see; to give light to fig to teach. rel. -
boniseza (boniselize) to show on someone's behalf. int. -boniseleza
 (boniselelize) or-bonisisa (bonisisize) to see clearly in every detail.
int. -boneleza (bonelelize) or -bonisisa (bonisisize) to look very
closely, to examine. int-stat. -bonahala (bonahalile or bonahezi) to be
visible, evident, clear; to appear: Mulatu wa hae wa bonahala, his fault
is evident. caus. -bonahaza (bonahalize) to make visible, to show clearly.
rec. -bonana (bonani or bonanile) to see each other: Lu bonani kale
hahulu, it is a long time since we saw each other. freq. -bo-nanga to be
accustomed to see: Lika ze, lu tola lu li bonanga kamita, these are the
things which we always see. ref. ipona (iponi) to see oneself: Ku ipona
mwa siiponi, to look in a mirror. fig Ku ipona mu/atu, to acknowledge or
admit one's guilt. rel. -iponela (iponezi) to look out for oneself. caus.
-iponisa (iponisize) to show things to each other, to show off, to appear
int-stat -iponahalisa (iponahalisize) or iponahaza (iponahalize) to make
oneself visible; to present oneself to, to reveal oneself (God).

-bonda (bondile) v.t. Luyana. (1) to kill, to hang up by the neck. (2) to
twist 'mashandi' roots or fibre to make string; to twist bark to make
rope. (3) to stir (porridge): Ku bonda ndima. to stir 'buhobe' der.
mubondi, mubonda. cf. -soka. rel. -bondela (bondezi) to ~ for someone.
caus. -bondisa (bondisize) to help to ~. ref. -lponda (ipondile) to commit
suicide syn. -ipulaya.
-bondakana (bondakani) v.i. (1) to fall down (dilapidated house) (2) to be
assembled in large numbers (as mourners, birds flocking together or cattle
in a garden): Ni fumani linyunywani li bondakani mwa mulapo. I found a
flock of birds grouped in a stream.
-bondauka (bondaukile) v.i. (1) (1) to attack someone with intention to cause
harm; (2) to work alone unassisted: U bondaukile ndu a nosi, he built the
house by himself.
-bondoka (bondokile) v.i. to be twisted (arms, legs, etc...); to be bent
(tree); to be bent back (of limbs, especially reptiles' limbs.)
-bondola (bondozi) v.t. to twist the arm, to wring, to wrench: U sike wa
bondola mwanana lizoho, do not twist the child's arm. fig. exp. Ku bondola
litaba, to twist the truth.
-bongana (bongani or bonganile) v i. to be restless: U sike wa bongana,
mukolo u ka tiba, do not move about so much, you may cause the canoe to
sink. der. mubongani, sibonganyi. rel. -bonganela (bonganezi) to be
restless in a place or a position. caus. -bonganisa (bonganisize)
sometimes -bonganya (bonganyize) or -bonganyisa (bonganyisize) to cause to
be restless, to cause to move or touch everything: U sike wa bonganyisa
mulilo, do not middle with the fire.
-
-bonka (bonkile) v.i. to bellow, to roar as a lion. syn. -bona2 fig. to
groan, to mourn: Mwanana yo u bonkani? What is this child groaning for?
cf. -tondoka rel. -bonkela (bonkezi) to ~ somewhere caus. -bonkisa
(bonkisize) to cause to bonoka (bonokile) v.i. to become bare (skin); to
become scratched.
bonona (bonozi) v.t. to scratch, to peel off. der. sibonwena.
-boola (-boozi) v.i. to sit properly, with folded legs, on mat; to squat:
Mwanana yo u ziba ku boola hande, this child knows how to sit properly.
-bopa1 (bopile) v.t. Sotho. to tie, to tighten; to inspan: Bopa mapulu,
inspan the oxen; ku bopa mbautu, to tighten a bolt. syn. -pana.
-bopa2 (bopile) v.i. to bellow as a bull ready to fight. syn. -bonka. fig. to
refuse: Yena u bopa ni sikekele se i si sa hae! He refuses even to lend
someone else's plough ! Mbonyi ya ka wa i bopisa, he refuses to give up my
mealies. rec. -bopelana (bopelani) to bellow and get prepared to fight
(speaking of two bulls).
-bopoloha (bopolohile) v.i. to refuse obstinately, to be stubborn, unruly,
impertinent. rel. -bopolo-hela (bopolohezi) to be impertinent with regard
to someone. caus. -bopolohisa (bopolohisize) to cause stubbornness,
impertinence.
-bosheka (boshekile) v.t. to grip or clutch someone on the forearm (as when
wrestling): U sike wa ni bosheka hahulu, u ka ni loba, don't hold me so
hard, you may break my arm. der. luboshi. rec. -boshekana (boshekani) to
grip each other on the forearms. ref. -lposheka (iposhekike) fig to be
able to look after oneself when in trouble: kabe na iposheka ne ni sike na
kena mwa tolongo, if I had money, I could avoid imprisonment. inv. -
iposhola (iposhozi) to free oneself from someone's grip.
-bota (botile) v.t. Luyana. to smear the skin with ointment. der. muboti.
syn. -sasa, -pikita.
-botana (botani or botanile) v.i. to be poor, indigent, destitute. der.
mubotana, bubotana. syn. -sheba.
botela or botolo (ma-) n. Eng. bottle.
-botela (botezi) or -botelana (botelani) v.i. to alight as birds, to gather
together: Linyunywani li botezi fa sihoto sa mina, a flight of birds has
alighted on your thrashing floor.
-botoka (botokile) v.t. (1) to go round a corner or a headland: Ki kale ba
botoka lungo, they have already gone round the headland. (2) to pass a
person. (3) to escape from danger: Ki hande se lu botokile fa lilolo la
likubu, good gracious, we have passed safely through a place full of
hippos. caus. -botokisa (botokisize) to help someone to go round, to help
someone to get over some difficulty; to pull a canoe from one place to
another.
boya, n. hair growing on the body of mammals, wool, down: Lingu li na ni boya
bo bunde, sheep grow soft curly hair. The plural maboya means pubic hair.
cf. mulili.
boyo (bu-oyo) n. bundle of little bells which dancers wear hanging from the
waist.
-boyoka (boyokile) v.i. to escape from danger.
-boyokela (boyokezi) v.i. (1) to sink (as someone walking on floating
vegetation, 'matindi' grass), to go down (as in mud or soft ground). (2)
to enter a house after waiting outside for a moment.

-boyola (boyozi) v.t. to detach mealie cobs from the stalk, leaving the
spathe. syn. -tobola. rel. -boyolela (boyolezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -
boyolisa (boyolisize) to help someone to ~. freq. -boyaula (boyauzi) to ~
in many different places of the field.
boyonga (boyongile) v.t. see: -poponga.
bu, pref. sing. (class: bu-ma). pron. sing. subj and obj. of same class, it:
Busihu bu sile, the night is over; butanga ni bu zibile, I have known the
slavery.
-bua (buile) v.t. to strip off the hide of animals, to flay, to skin. der.
mubui, sibuiso, mubuelo, bubui. rel. -buela (buezi) to skin for someone or
at a place. caus. -buisa (buisize) to help someone to skin.
buanga, n. infirmity, mental infirmity. (from: -angabala) see: buyanga.
buangano, n. insanity. (from: -angabala)
buabi, n. work of distributor (from: -aba )
bualafi, n. profession of a doctor, of a medicine man, etc. (from: -alafa)
bualelo, (ma-) small dyke made in streams to catch fish. (from: -yalela )
buanyisi, n. occupation of a wet nurse. (from: anya)
buanyu, n. accuracy (believed to be given to fishing spears by African
doctors)
buapei, n. cookery. (from: apea)
buapositola, n. Eng. apostolate.
buatamo, n. width. (from: -atama)
buatuli, n. profession of a judge, manner of judging. (from: -atula)
-buba1 (bubile) v.i. to flow, to run (as water or blood): Ka sa buba, to be
stagnant. der. sibuba. rel. -bubela (bubezi) to flow towards. caus. -
bubisa (bubisize) to cause to flow.
-buba2 (bubile) v.i. to dwindle, to grow less, to waste away: Mbonyi ne li
yenata, bupi bu bubile cwani? the grain was plentiful, why is it that it
pounded down to so little? der. sibubiso.
bubako, n. thinness, poor condition in cows when not mated by a bull.
bubala, n. hard living, penury (as of newly-arrived persons who have no
gardens as yet)
-bubama (bubami or bubamile) v.i. (1) to sit bending downwards to lie down
quietly, (2) to lie in wait, to spy, (3) to mourn (as a widow or a
widower. (4) to brood or sit on eggs as fowls, crocodiles, etc. rel. -
bubamela (bubamezi) to lie in wait for someone. caus. -bubamisa (bu-
bamisize) . to cause to bend downwards.
bubamba, n. hard-hearted or bad-tempered character (from: -bambaba )
-bubana (bubani or bubanile) v.i. to be famous. der. kabubo, libubo. rel. -
bubanela (bubanezi) to be famous on account of: U bubanezi fa ku bulaya
tau, his reputation is due to the fact that he killed a lion. caus. -
bubanisa (bubanisize) to make famous, to cause someone to be praised.
bubangoki, n. vicious disobedience. (from: -bangoka )
bubano, n. fame, renown (from: -bubana) syn. butumo.
bubatana, n. beastliness, brutality. (see: sibatana).
bubebe, n. lightness, swiftness, facility. Also used as adjective: Mulwalo o
bubebe, a light load. adv. ka bubebe, quickly.
-bubeka (bubekile) v.t. Sotho. to praise, to pay a compliment to. der.
muipubeki.

bubeke, col. n. grain: Bubeke bwa mbonyi, grains of maize.

bubelebele, col. n. very small beads worn by women.
bubeli, n. pair: Bubeli bwa bona, two of them, both. La Bubeli, Tuesday.
bubeti, n. carpentry (from: -beta).
bubofu, n. blindness. fig. ignorance. (from: -foufala)
bubotana, n. poverty, penury. (from: -botana)
-bubuhana (bubuhani) v.i. to gather together (especially of cattle)
bubuho, n. admiration. (from: -buha)
bubui, n. action of skinning an animal. (from -bua)
bubukeleli, n. gathering, collecting. (from -bukelela)
bubukuli, n. confiscation, despoliation, exploitation (from: -bukula) -bubula
(bubuzi) v.t. to glean. rel. -bubulela (bubulezi) to glean for someone.
caus. -bubulisa (bubulisize) to order or to help to glean. ref. -lpubulela
(ipubulezi) to glean for oneself.
bubulai, n. act of killing. (from: -bulaya)
bubuleli, n. profession of an Evangelist. (see: mubuleli)
-bubuluka (bubulukile) v.i. to be zig-zagging. rel. -bubulukela (bubulukezi)
to ~ towards. caus. -bubulukisa (bubulukisize) to cause to ~: Ku
bubulukisa mukolo, to cause a canoe to zigzag.
bubusi, n. manner of governing. (from -busa), administration
bubusisi, n. position of officials representing a Central Government. (from:
-busa)
-bubuta (bubutile) v.i. to grope, to feel one's way owing to darkness or
blindness: Ni likile ku bubuta kono ha ni sika fumana munyako, I searched
by feeling but did not find the door. rel. -bubutela (bubutezi) to grope
for something in darkness, to grope towards.
bubuto, n. function of a Litunga's personal servant who sleeps at his door;
member of the Litunga's guard (see: libuto)
buca, n. Eng. butchery
bucabela, n. Sotho East, Orient. (from: -caba)
bucaha, n. youth, state of being young. (see: mucaha)
bucakala, n. fractiousness (especially in children) (see: cakala)
bucakolwa, n. drunkenness (see: cakolwa)
bucembele, n. old age (from: -cembala)
bucencetwa, n. loose living, prostitution (see: cencetwa)
bucica, n. Sotho. roundness. (see: cica)
buci, n. gluttony, greediness. (from: -ca )
bucwala, (ma-) n. strong intoxicating beer made from grain.
bucwa–i, (ma-) n. grass: Bucwa–i bo butala, green grass; bucwani bo bu omile,
dry grass, thatch.
buemba-emba, (ma-) n. scraps, fragments, pieces.
buenyi, n. condition of a stranger, visitor or newly-arrived resident (see:
muenyi)
bufani, n. generosity, liberality, bounteousness (from: -fa)
bufelelelo, n. extremity, end, termination (from: -fela)
bufelelezo, n. termination, finishing (from: -fela)
bufelo, n. end: Zazi la bufelo. the last day (death) (from: -fela)
bufi? inter. pron. (class: bu-ma) which, what sort? Busunso bufi? which
relish? bufi ni bufi. whichever.
bubofu, n. blindness fig.(01 ignorance. | (see: sibofu)
bufokoli, n. feebleness, weakness debility, (from -fokola)
bufosi n. mistake, error, blunder, fault (from: -fosa)
bufubelu, n. red, redness: Bufubelu bo bunsu, crimson. (from: -fubela)
bufulo, n. pasture, grazing ground. (from: -fula)
bufumi, n. condition of a wealthy person. (from: -fuma)
bufumu, n. riches, wealth. (from: -fuma)
bufuta, n. conception (animals) cf. buhole.
bufuzana, n. poverty, indigence, penury (see: fuzana) syn. bubotana.
-buha (buhile) v.t. to look at, to admire, to enjoy the sight of, to stare
at. der. mubuhi, bubuho, puho. stat. -buheha (buhehile) to be admirable,
beautiful syn. -kateleha. ref. -lpuha (ipuhile) to admire oneself. syn. -
invaka.
buhali,1 n. (1) anger; fierceness, severity when speaking of persons; Mutu yo
u na ni buhali, this man is quick-tempered. (2) ferocity of wild animals.
(3) bravery at war. (4) sharpness of cutting tools: Tipa ya ka i buhali,
my knife has a keen edge. (5) fierceness (as applied to fire etc...)
(from: -halifa)
buhali2, n. middle: U y'o puma nama fa buhali, cut the meat in the middle
(same as: fahali)
buhalizo, n. relationship of a polygamist's wives. (see: muhalizo)
buhata, n. falsehood, slander, wicked report: Mutu yo u ni bulelela buhata,
this person is telling me lies. (see: lihata)
buhato, n. sole of the foot (from: -hata)
buhazo, buhazu, n. numbness caused by a poisonous bite or sting; also by
intense cold or fright. (from: -hazela)
buhedeni, N. Sotho. heathenism, paganism: Mu sike mwa tuhelela sicaba mwa
buhedeni, do not let the nation stick to its pagan ways. (see muhedeni )
buhobe, (ma-) n. bread, porridge; the staple food of Malozi made with meal
and water only: Ku soka buhobe, to cook the porridge.
buhole, n. (1) state of a disabled person, infirmity, chronic disease;
impotency. (2) pregnancy: Musal'a hae u fa buhole. his wife is pregnant.
(see: sihole) (from: -holofala)
buhule1, n. distance, remoteness.
buhule2, n. prostitution, loose living. (see: lihule)
buhulo, n. way in which somebody grows up; education. (from: -hula)
buhulu, n. (1) old age as in the expression: Munna-muhulu, musali-muhulu, an
old man, an old woman. (2) hierarchy, importance of office: Ngambela ufita
Kalonga kwa buhulu, the office of Ngambela is higher than that of Kalonga.
(3) seniority: Ku fita yo munwi ka buhulu, to be the older. (from: -hula)
buhulu-hulu, adv. long ago.
buhulu-hulu, n. ancient times: Ya buhulu-hulu, ancient, antiquated.
bui, col. n. a number of small eggs as seen in jiggers or flies.
buifuti or buifuto, n. state of keeping oneself from evil doings. (from: -
ifuta)
buikaco, n. pretence, self-importance. (from: -ikaca)
buikalabelo, n. responsibility (from: -alaba )
buikangulo, n. good health. (from: -kangula)
buikanyiso, n. pride, forwardness, impertinence. (from: -ikanyisa)

buikatazo, n. manner of trying one's best in all one's undertakings. (from: -

kataza)
buikatumezo, n. way of approaching. (from: -atumela)
buikebuli, n. moulting (snakes) (from: -yebula)
buiketo, n. well-being, comfort, good health. (from: -keta)
buikeziso, n. Sotho. self-will, insubordination. (from -eza)
buikokobezo, n. modesty, humility, (from: -kokobela)
buikumuso, n. pride, excessive self-esteem, conceitedness. (from: -ikumusa )
buikungo, n. pretension. (from: -ikunga )
buikuto, n. personal feelings, personal thoughts. cf. maikuto. (from: -utwa )
buima, n. weight, heaviness. By ext: pregnancy. (from: -imela) sny bukiti
buimamelo, n. reflection on oneself, self-respect. (from: -mamela)
buimukuka, n. carelessness. (see: namukuka)
buineelo, n. Sotho. self-dedication, devotion to duty. (from: -ineela)
buinelo, n. appearance, disposition, nature; style of life, attention given
to somebody or something; close observation, watching. (from: -ina)
buino, n. place, room to dwell in. fig. rank, position: Mwa Kuta, Nduna
kaufela u na ni buino bwa hae, in the Court House every councillor has his
appointed place. (from: -ina)
buinosi, n. (1) loneliness. (2) working single-handed. syn. bu–wi. (bunosi is
also used)
buinuneko, n. self-praise. (from: -nuneka )
buinyako, n. self-admiration. (from: -nyaka )
buinyandisi, n. self-imposed ill-treatment; masochism. (from: -nyanda )
buinyazo, n. self-reproach, feeling of guilt, repentance apology (from: -
nyaza )
buinyefuli, n. manner of bringing shame upon oneself. (from: -nvefula)
buipabazo, n. Sotho. self-admiration. (from: -babaza)
buipato or buipati, n. (1) fact of hiding oneself. (2) hiding place. (from: -
pata )
buipilezo, n. appeal, right of appeal. (from: -ipileza )
buipo, n. hypocrisy, pretence, self-esteem. (from: -ipa)
buipuleleli, n. manner of talking nonsense. (from: -bulela)
buipuleli or buipulelo, n. confession, admission of guilt: Lu utwile
buipulelo bwa hae, we have heard his confession. (from: -bulela)
buipuso. n. self-government. (from: -busa)
buisepo. n. self-confidence, sometimes over-confidence. (from: -sepa )
buishondi, n. peaceful disposition, state of having no troubles with other
people. (from: -ishonda)
buiswalo, n. self-control, self-restraint, moderation. (from: -swala)
buitamo, n. oath, promise, engagement to do or not to do something. (from: -
tama)
buitato, n. selfishness, self-seeking. (from: lata)
buitatulo, n. manner of excusing oneself. (from: -latula)
buitoboho, n. self-abnegation, self-denial. (from: -toboha)
buitukiso, n. self-preparation. (from: -lukisa)
buitumelo, n. acknowledgement, thankfulness. (from: -lumela)
buituti, n. self-teaching, self-educating. (from: -luta)
buizamaeli, n. inclination to dissolute life. (from: -zamaya)
buiziniko, n. Toka-Leya. lack of politeness due to pride. (from: -izinika )
buka (li-) n. Eng. book.
-buka (bukile) v.t. to drive away with hand or switch: Buka linzi, drive away
the flies.
-buka2 (bukile) v.t. To commit adultery
bukabali, n. the art of dressing well; ornateness. (from: -kaba) (formerly
the Sotho word 'bukabani' was used with the additional meaning of moral
beauty, honour, uprightness which is now obsolete)
bukai? adv. how much? Ki bukai? how much is it? Litapi li leka bukai? what is
the price of fish?
bukalanga, n. smallpox. syn. : nacinkwa, sikalanga.
bukana, adv. so much (referring to money) Mu mu file bukai? Ni mu file
bukana, how much did you give him? I gave him so much!
bukanko, n. small barbs on a fishing spear. fig: tenacity as in a person not
easily overthrown. (from: -kanka )
bukaufi, n. nearness, proximity.
bukayama, n. deceitfuliness. (see: kayama)
bukebenga, n. state of a person living as a scoundrel. (see: ikebenga )
-bukelela (bukelezi) v.t. to gather, to collect, to look after, to protect
der. mubukeleli. rel. -bukelelela (bukelelezi) to gather or to collect
for. caus. -bukelelisa (bukelelisize) or-bukeleza (bukelelize) to assist
in collecting or gathering, to assist in protecting.

bukelekeshe, n. condition of a confirmed thief or

buketalizoho, n. fifth: La Buketali- zoho, Friday (the fifth day after
Sunday)
bukima, n. thickness, stoutness.
bukiti, n. heaviness, weight: Saka ye i bukiti, this bag is heavy. fig:
conisiderable amount of money or wealth: Mutu yo u fa bukiti bwa mali,
this person is wealthy.
bukoba, n. servitude, slavery sny butanga
bukoko (ma-) n. Toka-Leya. African beer. (from: -kokola)
bukokwani, col. n. a large number of ants, insects. (see: kokwani)
bukombwa, n. office of a steward in the Litunga's household. (from: -
kombweka)
Bukreste, n. Eng. Christianity: H'a na bukreste mwa pilu, he is not acting in
a Christian way. (see: mukreste)
bukuba, n. stupidity, foolishness (not to be applied to adults) (see: sikuba)
(from: -kubanyana)
bukuka, n. Eng art of cooking, cookery, syn: buapei (see: kuka)
bukuno–u, n. a dark reddish colour. (see: kuno–u)
-bukula (bukuzi) v.t. to confiscate, to despoil to exploit der: libuku,
mubukuli
-bukumana (bukumani) v.i. to stand or sit motionless (as a large and
frightening thing at night)
bukupa, n. condition of a cow when waiting a long time to be mated by a bull.
-bukusha (bukushile) v.t. to rub in the hands (as tobacco leaves) der:
mabukusha fig: to eat out food without thought for the needs of the next
day.
bukute, n. disease of the feet causing prickling pain; rheumatism.
bukuwa, n. where the white people live (near the railway line and good
communications, urban area (from: mukuwa, a white man): A sa li ku ya kwa
bukuwa, ki peto u yelezi, since he left for the line of rail, he never
came back.
bukwala, n. skill, cleverness: Ya na ni bukwala, skillful person (see:
sikwala)
bukwankweta, n. condition of a strong, heavily built man; physical prowess.
syn: bukwenyepa (see: sikwankweta)
bukwasha, n. state of an unmarried person (man or woman) (see: likwasha)
bukwenuhi, n. backsliding, apostasy. (from: -kwenuha)
bukwenyani, n. relationship between parents-in-law and children-in-law.
(Person standing in this relation are subject to a special state of taboo)
(see: mukwenyani)
bukwenyepa, n. condition of a strong, strapping beefy man. syn: bukwankweta.
bukwetunga, n. condition and duty of a man whose wife is of royal blood. syn.
bu-Ishee (see: mukwetunga)
-bula (bulile) v.t. to strip or peel the bark from a tree: bula makumba, I
strip some bark rope. fig. in any contest, "ku bula makumba " means
inability to overcome one's opponent, i.e. to scratch him slightly as a
man peeling bark from a tree.
bulalu1, n. third: La Bulalu, Wednesday (the third day after Sunday); group
of three: Bulalu bwa bona, the three of them; kalulo ya bulalu, the third
part. cf. talu, silalu.
bulalu2 (ma-) n. pus.
bulamuleli, n. act of delivering or freeing from danger and fear.
syn. bundamweti (from: -lamulela)
bulapeli, n. religion, piety, godliness. (from: -lapela)
bulauli, n. act or practice of divining especially by throwing bones. (from:
laula)
-bulaya (bulaile) v.t. (1) to kill, to murder, to execute: ku bulaya
lifolofolo, to kill game. (2) to break (earthen ware, etc...) der.
mubulai, pulao, sibulaiso, mubulaelo, bubulai. cf: -timeza. rel. -bulaela
(bulaezi) to kill (for someone, or in or at a place) caus. -bulaisa
(bulaisize) to cause or help to kill. fig. exp.: ku bulaisa mutu tala, to
starve someone; ku bulaisa liseho, to kill with laughter. int. -bulaelela
(bu-laelezi) to kill the lot. rec. -bulayana (bulayani) to kill each
other. ref. -lpulaya (ipulaile) to commit suicide. rel. -ipulaela
(ipulaezi) to kill for oneself: U ipulaezi kaputi, he has killed a duiker
for himself. caus. fig. exp. ku ipulaisa musebezi, to kill oneself with
work.
bulazibi, n. restlessness in sleep causing inconvenience to bedfellows.
buleke, (ma-) n. tin can, tin pail.
bulekisi, n. occupation of a trader or a merchant. (from: lekisa)
-bulela (bulezi) vi. to talk, to say, to speak, to declare, to mention: Ku
bulela niti, to speak the truth; ku bulela buhata, to lie. der. mubuleli,
pulelo, mubulelelo. rel. -bulelela (bulelezi) to speak to, to tell
someone. caus. -bulelisa (bulelisize) to talk to. rec -bulelisana
(bulelisani) to confer with. ref. -lpulela (ipu-lezi) to confess, to avow.
int. -ipulelela (ipulelezi) to speak without restraint.
bulembe, n. deadly poison put on arrows.

bulena, n. kinship, chieftainship; dignity, authority. (from: ' -lean) syn:

silena
bulendele, n. thieving. (see: lilendele) syn: busholi, bulengwami.
bulengwami, n. thieving. (see: lilengwami. syn: busholi, bulendele.
buleta, n. softness, smoothness, glossiness: Ku apala ze buleta, to wear fine
clothes.
buliba, n. depth applied only to water: Ku fuluha mwa buliba, to paddle in
deep water.
bulibali, n. forgetfulness. syn. mupulacima (from: -libala)
bulibeleli, n. watchfulness, care. (from: -libelela)
bulikani, n. friendship, companionship (between man and woman means free
love) sp. exp. Ku swala bulikani, to become intimate friends. (from: -
likana)
bulikanyisi or malikanyiso, n. manner of imitating. (from: -likanya)
bulikelelo (ma-) n. the quarter where the sun sets; Malikelelo a lizazi,
West; kwa bulikelelo, to the West.
bulili1, n. inner room, private part of a house, sleeping place, bedroom.
(see: kalili)
bulili2, n. fine hair.
bulilo, n. plastering made of cattle dung and earth or cement; often refers
to flooring. (from: lila)
bulimbwe, n. bird-lime used to catch birds. (from: -limbula)
bulimi, n. agriculture: Musebezi wa bulimi, agricultural work (from: -lima)
bulinzi, n. see: bulizi
bulisana, n. work or duty of a shepherd. (from: -lisa)
bulisao, col. n. the balls of lead filling a cartridge, shot. (see: malisao)

buliti1 n. slowness, sluggishness, unwillingness. adv. exp. ka buliti,

slowly, unwillingly.
buliti2, n. the act of scaring birds away from gardens. (from: -lita)
buliululi, n. (1) the act of releasing someone from slavery or bondage; the
price paid for it; atonement. (2) to take back one's property, especially
land previously loaned to someone else. (3) the deliverance of mankind
from sin by Jesus Christ; Redemption. syn. muliu (from: -liulula)
bulizi1 (ma-) n. hair of animals (also applied to the mane or tail of a
certain species as lions, buffaloes etc...); soft hair growing on the
legs, arms and chest of men. cf:. bwambo.
bulizi2, n. the art of beating drums or playing musical instruments. sp. exp.
Bucwala bwa bulizi, beer due to drum-beaters after performance. (from: -
liza)
bulo, col. n. worms used as bait.
bulobali, n. tendency to sleep long; sluggishness; fact of living in a dream
world. (from: -lobala)
bulobalo (ma-) n. sleeping place, accommodation: baenui ba kupa malobalo,
visitors ask for accommodations (fa bulobalo, on the bed or sleeping mat)
(from: -lobala)
bulobeli, n. action of plundering, of spoiling, of depriving. (from: -lobela)
bulofa, n. Eng. loafing, manner of loitering about without work. (also buloba
(from: -loba)
buloi, n. withcraft, sorcery, spell. fig. outstanding skill in doing any
particular thing or work; magic touch in doing things. (from: -loya)
buloko1, n. fresh dung (used in plastering). fig. a lazy person.
buloko2, n. sleep: U fa buloko, he is asleep; ku lobala buloko, to spend the
night; ku bona lika kwa buloko, to dream. fig. ignorance, stupidity:
Mushimani yo u sa li fa buloko, this boy is still ignorant.
buloshwe, n. stupidity. (see: siloshwe)
bulota, n. beeswax. fig. softness, laziness: Yo, ha si mutu ki bulota, he is
no man; he is too lazy!
buloto, n. Shwana. wheat.
Bulozi, n. (1) Western Province of Zambia; home of the Malozi people (The
name Bulozi (Bo-rotse) comes from the Makololo invaders and so far has
been retained to define the area ruled by the Litunga) (2) Locally, the
 name Bulozi is applied to the central Barotse Plain as set apart from
forest areas. cf. Liondo.
bului, n. wealth, richness. (from: -lua)
-buluka1 (bulukile) v.t. (1) to keep, to save, to . keep in store: Mutu ya
beleka u na ni ku buluka mali, a man in regular employment ought to save
money. (2) to observe; to keep in mind: Ku buluka mulao, to observe the
law. der. mubuluki, pulukelo, sibulukelo. ret: -bulukela (bulukezi) to
keep for someone. caus. -bulukisa (bulukisize) to order or to help someone
to keep. stat bulukeha (bulukehile) that which can be easily kept. int. -
bulukelela (bulukelezi) to keep the lot. ref. -lpuluka (ipulukile) to take
care of oneself, to exercise control on oneself. rel. -ipulukela
(ipulukezi) to keep for oneself.
-buluka2 (bulukile) v.i. to slip out, to escape: Mwanana u ni bulukile mwa
mautu, the child slipped out between my legs.
buluki, n. tailoring, sewing. (from: -luka)

bulukisi, n. the art of setting things in order, of making preparations, of

mending: Ndu ya ka i nela hahulu ha i sa na bulukisi, the roof of my house
is leaking; it is beyond repair. (from: -lukisa)
bulukuluhi, n. right of free choice, liberty; abuse of freedom, licence.
(from: -lukuluha)
bulukwe (ma-) n. trousers.
-bulula1 (buluzi) v.t. to strip off leaves of cassava to make relish; to take
off a bracelet. caus. -bululisa (bululisize) to help to ~.
-bulula2 (buluzi) v.t. to cut teeth: Mbututu yo u tuha a bulula, this infant
will soon cut his first teeth.
-bulula3 (buluzi) v.i. to breathe upon, to blow air with the mouth. fig. exp.
Ku bulula litaba: to speak news without discretion. rel. -bululela
(bululezi) to blow air into, to inflate, to distend by blowing air into.
bululeli, n. the art or occupation of a thatcher. (from: -lulela)
bululi, n. target, the thing aimed at: Ku taba lisho fa bululi bwa sika, to
get the arrow to hit the target; the bearing or true direction: Ku supa fa
bululi, to point to the right direction.
bululu, n. longing for meat or fish relish: Ku shwa bululu, to have been long
without relish of this kind syn: lilulu
-bululuha (bululuhile) v.i. to get inflated, to swell: Ku bululuha sisete, to
have a hernia. fig. to show an angry face while remaining silent.
-buluma (bulumile) v.i. to roar (lion, drum etc...)
buluma, col. n. light skin eruptions mostly on the face; pimples, rashes.
bulumba, n. (1) condition of a ghost believed to enter into living per sons
causing illness; (2) ghosts believed to be taken as slaves by witches.
fig. unusual skill and quickness in doing things: Bao ki bulumba kwa ku
yaha, those people are quick and expert builders (see: silumba)
bulumeli, n. profession of a believer faith generally applied to
Christianity. (from: -lumela)
-bulumuka (bulumukile) v.i. to fall into small pieces, to crumble, to be
friable, to fall (as leaves and fruit from a tree) fig. to die or leave a
place in quick succession.
-bulumuna (bulumuzi) v.t. to break into crumbs, to cause to fall (of fruit):
U sike wa bulumuna limango ze butala, don't knock down unripe mangoes.
buluti, n. profession of a teacher; buluti bwa Linzwi, Ministry of the Word,
vocation of a Church minister or missionary. (from: -luta)
bulutu, n. feeling of loneliness, nostalgia.
bulwali, n. transport, conveyance; action of carrying, work of a carrier.
(from: -lwala)
bulwani, n. inclination to fight, belligerence, aggressiveness (from: -lwana
)
bulyangu, n. thoughtlessness, foolishness (see: silyangu)
bulyo, n. right hand side: Lizoho la bulyo, the right hand: U ni ine ku la
bulyo, sit at my right hand. cf. silyo.
-buma1 (bumile) v.i. Eng. to boom, to sound as drums: Milupa ya buma mwa
Muleneni, the drums are sounding at the Capital. syn. -lila
-buma2 (bumile) v.i. to become fully grown (with reference to people) cf. -
kola.
bumai, n. bad luck, misfortune: Ya na ni bumai, unlucky, unfortunate person.
(see: mai, nalimai, nomai)

bumameli, n. care, carefulness, mindfulness, watchfulness. (from: -mamela

bumaswe, n. evil, wrong, bad thing: Ku uzwa za batu ki bumaswe, it is wrong
to steal things from people.
-buma1 (bumbile) v.i. to be wrongly perforated as a wooden handle: Muhuma wa
ka u bumbile, my hoe has been wrongly perforated. caus. -bumbisa
(bumbisize) to perforate wrongly: U bumbisize muwayo wa ka, he perforated
my fishing spear wrongly.
-bumba2 (bumbile) v.i. to look healthy, to flourish.
bumba, n. sterility in women. (see: mumba )
bumbekuma, n. sterility in women : (see: mumba)
bumbekuma, n. prostitution. syn. buhule, bumbengwa (from: -mbekuma)
bumbengwa, n. prostitution, state of a loose woman. syn. buhule, bumbekuma.
(see: limbengwa)
bumbo, n. ant-nest: Fa bumbo bwa sului, right in the nest of warrior-ants.
(from: -umba)
bumbombo, n. condition of a wealthy person (see: mbombo)
bumbuti, n. profession of a blacksmith. (see: mumbuti)
bumbututu, n. babyhood. fig. carelessness in important matters: U ikeza
bumbututu ka ku hanelela lika, it is childish of him to be so stubborn.
(see: mbututu)
bumbwete, n. corpulency, stoutness. (from: -mbwetaela)
-bumeka (bumekile) v.i. to be lucky in being given food (of a beggar): Sianga
si bumekile kacenu, the poor man has been fortunate in receiving food
today.
bumenemene, n. habit of spreading false news, tale-bearing (see limenemene)
bumete, n. cooked blood of an animal used as food.
bumpale, n. ignorance, stupidity (see: mampala or mumpale)
-bumula (bumuzi) v.t. to beat. syn. -nata. fig. to breed fat calves: Komu ya
ka i bumuzi mamani ye tuna, my cow has produced a big calf. caus: -
bumulisa (bumulisize) to cause or to help to beat. freq. -bumaula
(bumauzi) to beat repeatedly rec -bumaulana (bumaulani) to beat each other
repeatedly ref -ipumaula (ipumauzi) as rec.
bumumu, n. dumbness, mutism (either by state or habit) (from: -muma)
bumwana, n. childhood. (see: mwana)
bumwelwa, n. solitude caused by the death of a parent? husband, wife or
relations; condition of someone left without relations. (see: mwelwa)
bunako, n. punctuality. adv. exp. Ka bunako, punctually, done at the exact
time (see: nako)
bunamelo (ma-) n. space in which each person sits or lies when gathered
around the fire or resting together on a mat: Si nameli fa bunamelo bwa
ka, do not stretch your legs over my own space. (from: -nama)
bunangu, n. ability to learn or catch on quickly (see: nangu)
bunanu, n. cuteness (referring to children); shrewdness (mostly applied to
clever old women). (see nalinanu)
bunata, n. character of a strong man or of a person of outstanding ability,
heroism stoutness (see: sinata)
bunca, n. (1) youth, early life of per sons and living things. (2) newness,
freshness (as applied to foodstuffs and things in general)
bundaa, interj. expressing in large number of birds gathered together. idiom.
exp. Ni fumani ku li bundaa! I found birds sitting together in large
numbers.
bundalabangwana, n. vagabondage, habit of sleeping anywhere instead of
returning home. (see: ndalabangwana)
bundaleti, n. charge given to a man to watch over birds before the yearly
killing (sitaka) (see: ndaleti)
-bundama (bundami) v.i. to be heaped up, to be piled up: Likota li bundami,
the firewood is piled up.
-bundeka (bundekile) v.t. to heap up, to pile up, to hoard, to treasure. der.
libunda. rel. -bundekela (bundekezi) to heap up for someone. caus. -
bundekisa (bundekisize) to order or to help someone to heap. int. -
bundekelela (bundeke-lezi) to heap everything. freq. -bundateka
(bundatekile) to heap up without measure. ref. -ipundekela (ipundekezi) to
heap up for one-self.
bundamalume, n. Luyana condition of a man living at his inlaw's village.
(see: ndamalume) syn. buyeketi.
bundambo, n. fact of knowing things well sp. exp: Naha ye ha i na bundambo ka
ku i zamaya busihu, at night, there is no guide who can help you through
this country (see: ndambo)
bundamweti, n. Luyana. the act of delivering or rescuing from danger,
condition of someone who delivers (from -ndamwena syn.bulamuleli.
bundau, n. knowledge of local history and lore; ability to expose them.
(see: ndau)
bunde, n. (1) beauty: Musizana yo bunde bwa hae bwa komokisa, this girl's
beauty is astounding. (2) goodness, righteousness, virtue: Ki bunde ku
amuhela baenyi, it is a good thing to be hospitable: Ku eza bunde, to
beautify; mibaso i eza bunde mwa ndu, paint of various colours makes a
fine decoration in the house.
bundee, n. manner of shirking one's work or duty (see: ndee)
bundiala, n. condition of an orphan or of a sole survivor; loneliness (see:
ndiala)
bundiulu, n. feeling of bereavement, grief, loneliness (see: ndiulu)
bundoli-ndoli (ma-) n. spots (as referring to bird feather or materials):
Lisila la bundoli-ndoli, spotted material.
-bundulula (bunduluzi) v.t. to pound for the second time. der. mubundululo.
cf -lenga. rel. -bundululela (bundululezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -
bundululisa (bundululisize) to order or to help to ~.
bundume, n. Luyana. courage, manliness, bravery in fighting or in war (from:
-ndumeba)
bunduna, n. chieftainship. (see: nduna)
bune, n. fourth: La Bune, Thursday (the fourth day after Sunday) bune bwa
bona, four of them, a group of four; kalulo ya bune, the fourth part
-bunga (bungile) v.t. to gather weeds in heaps; to collect. red. -bungabunga
(bunga-bungile) to ~ hastily.
bungangalume, n. Luyana condition of a short stout man (see singangalume)
bungangi, n. profession of a carpenter (from: -nganga) syn. bu pangi
bungululwa, n. crumbs: Bungululwa bwa sitina, brick rubble.
bungulunde, n. stubbornness, unwillingness to share in community work or to
carry out orders. (from: -ngulunda)
bungulundisi, n. manner of enticing people to disobey orders. (from: -
ngulunda)
bunguya, n. frailty in small children and animals (often after weaning):
Namani ha i sa na bunguya, the calf is no longer frail (i.e. it is full
grown) (see: nguya)
bungwangwa, n. (1) practice of thieving (referring especially to cattle
stolen by someone with no fixed abode) (2) condition of men who were
believed to change themselves into lions in order to seize cattle. (see:
lingwangwa)
buniti, n. truth, veracity; sincerity. syn. niti.
bunjambo, n. talkativeness, chattering, blabbing.
bunjanu, n. Luyana. greediness, gluttony, voracity. (see: njanu)
bunjebwe, n. poverty, penury. (see: njebwe)
bunjinja or bunjinje, n. manner of killing fish by spreading "kambeti"
(poison) in lakes and ponds. also manner in which fish die off in lakes
and ponds due to bad conditions cf. -yumbela.
-bunjuka (bunjukile) v.i. to protrude: Ba mu tabile ka lilumo, mala a hae a
bunjukile, they stabbed him with a spear and his bowels are protruding.
-bunjula bunjuzi) v.t. to cause protrusion.
bunkinya, n. Lunda. as bulumba.
bunkolyo (ma-) n. smegma accumulating under foreskin of male organ. syn:
maku.

bunkume, n. yolk of egg.

bunna, n. male organs; manhood, virility. fig. courage. cf. sinna.
bunoi, n. manner of defecating too near villages.
bunolo, n. softness, lightness: Banana ba lukela lico ze bunolo, small
children ought to be given light food. fig. (1) easiness: Musebezi o
bunolo, easy work. (2) meekness: Mutu ya bunolo, a meek person. adv. exp.
ka bunolo, easily; ka bunolo-nolo, with extreme easiness. (from: -
nolofala)
bunono, n. condition of a wild cat living alone in the bush. (see: sinono)
bunopi, n. act of picking up lost things: mali a bunopi, reward given to
someone who has found a lost thing. fig. . assistance given to un-
fortunate people or to someone who has lost his way. (from: -nopa)
bunosi, n. loneliness. syn. buinosi.
bunsu, n. (1) blackness, black colour: Mutu yani bunsu bwa hae inge mashala,
that man is as black as coal. (2) darkness: Malu a tahisa bunsu fafasi,
clouds cause darkness on the earth. fig. ignorance: Ku ina mwa bunsu, to
live in ignorance. (3) heaviness of mind, sadness: Bunsu bwa pilu, gloom.
(from: -unsufala)
-buntutula (buntutuzi) v.t. to discharge a great deal of excrement at one
time; to have copious mo-tions of the bowels.
bunuhi, n. the practice of divining or predicting, guessing. Also witch-
smelling. (from: -nuha)
bunukwani, n. Sotho. marauding, thieving; bewitching. (see: sinukwani)
bununu, col. n. small fleas commonly found on fowls and dogs.
bunwi, n. drunkenness (from: -nwa)
bunya, n. slowness, sluggishness: U na ni bunya hahulu kwa misebezi, you are
very slow at your work. adv. exp. ka bunya, slowly.
bunyambuta, n. col. n. vermin that attack fowls.
bunyanga (ma-) n. Mbunda. game killed when hunting; dance after successful
hunt (mostly used in plural, manyanga)
bunyazi, n. concubinage, illicit sexual intercourse: Mwana wa mwa bunyazi,
child not born in wedlock, illegitimate child. (see: nyazi)
bunyefuli, n. reviling, disparagement, blasphemy. (from: -nyefula)
bunyemi, n. sulkiness, vexation, rancour. (from: -nyema)
bunyinyani, n. smallness in quantity or quality; unimportance: Bunyinyani bwa
mutu, childhood.
bunzohoto, n. left hand side: Lizoho la bunzohoto, the left hand; kwa
bunzohoto, to the left. syn. sinzohoto.
bu–aka, n. profession of a doctor or medicine man. (see: –aka)
bunala, n. stubborness, restiveness (especially in cattle unwilling to be
milked or tied up) (from: nala)
buinaneli, n. persistence (especially in continuing any course against
opposition); to push on regardless of advice, obstinacy, (from: -na–a)
bunata, n. (1) quantity, great number, plenty: U ba fe sico ka bunata, give
them plenty of food. (2) crowd: Bunata bwa batu ne ba li teni, a large
crowd was there.
bunanya, n. freshness of meat or fish'
bunete, n. (1) condition of an alien; (in Western Province: ignorance of
local customs and etiquette! (see: munete) (2) lands surrounding Western
Province and considered as more primitive.
bununda, n. outstanding skill in singing, dancing and carving.
bu–wanyama, n. greediness coupled with disregard for the wants of others;
stinginess. (see: nwanyama) syn. butimani.
bu–wi, n. oneness, unity; singleness, uniqueness: Ku ina ka bunwi ha ku tusi
se sinwi, living alone is not good for anyone.
buozwa, n. Sotho. fornication, loose living (especially on the part of a man)
syn. buhule. (see: siozwa)
-bupa1 (bupile) v.t. to mould, to shape (as referring to clay work): Ku bupa
lipiza, to make clay pots; ku bupa sitina, to make brick; to create: Kwa
simuluho Mulimu n'a bupile lihalimu ni lifasi, in the beginning God
created the heaven and the earth. der. mubupi, sibupiwa, pupo, mubupelo.
rel. -bupela (bupezi) to shape for. caus. -bupisa (bupisize) to order or
to help someone to shape. int. -bupelela (bupelezi) to complete shaping.
ref. -lpupela (ipupezi) to create or shape for oneself: Nyambe n'a ipupezi
Kamunu, Nyambe (God) created Kamunu for himself.
-bupa2 (bupile) v.t. to surround in great numbers in order to beat someone.
cf. -bupelela.
bupahamo, n. height. (from: -pahama)
bupaki, n. testimony, witnessing, proof, evidence: Ni fe linolo la hao la
bupaki, give me your testimonial; ku fa bupaki, to give evidence. (from -
paka )
bupala, n. Sotho. width, breadth: Lyambai i na ni bupala, the Zambezi river
is wide.
bupalelwi, n. hardship; powerlessness. (from: -palelwa)
bupama (bupami) v.i. to be lean, thin, emaciated (from hunger); illness or
old age: Mucembele yani u bupami maswe, that old person looks like a
skeleton.
bupangi, n. carpentry (from: -panga)
bupapati, n. flatness or flat side of anything. (from: -papata)
bupelela (bupelezi) v.i. to gather in large number (as insects); to surround
in great numbers: Batu bani ba bupelezi mutu ya lekisa litapi, those
people are surrounding a man selling fish.
bupelemeki, n. cheating, deceiving. (from: -pelemeka)
bupendi, n. (1) manner or art of painting (house-painting) (2) manner or art
of vaccinating, of inoculating. (from: -penda) '
bupi (ma-) n. meal, flour: Hakuna bupi bwa mbonyi kacenu, there is no mealie
meal today; bupi bwa likota, sawdust.
bupilo, n. (1) life, life-time: Bupilo bwa hae neili bo be kuswani fela, he
had only a short life. Mun'a Bupilo, the Guardian or Master of life, God.
Bupilo bwa kwa pili, the after-life, the life to come. (2) well-being,
health: Lu buza bupilo bwa mina? We enquire about your health? (3) manner
of life: Ku uzwa kwa hae ha ku konahali, ki bupilo bwa hae, he cannot help
his stealing, it is his way of life. (4) sex organs: Ku kula kwa bupilo,
to suffer from venereal disease. (from: -pila) or to have a disease that
affects private parts, to have a sore on or near the several organs.
bupokola, n. military service; police (from: -pokola)
bupolofita, n. Eng. prophecy. (from: -polofita )
bupoti, n. action or habit of visiting. (from: -pota)
bupuku-puku, n. manner of a churl, of a boar. (see: sipukupuku)

bupulumuki, n. insanity, madness. Also applied to rabies in animals. (from: -

pulumuka)
bupumi, n. cheating, deceiving: U ni putelezi ka bupumi, he took me in by his
deceit. (from: -puma)
bupuzwa, n. grey colour; light blue truning to grey.
bupyeha, n. cowardice, fear. (see: lipyeha)
-busa (busize) v.t. to reign, to govern, to rule: Mulena-yoMuhulu u busa
lifasi la Bulozi, the Litunga governs Western Province der. mubusi,
mubusisi, puso, mubusezo, mubuso. rel. -buseza (buselize) to govern for.
caus. -busisa (busisize) to help to govern. int. -buseleza (buselelize) to
govern for ever. ref. -lpusa (ipusize) to govern oneself, to enjoy self-
governing.
busa, abbrev. for: Busihu ha busa when the night is over; dawn: Habusa, the
next morning. sp. exp.: Be li ka sa, hopelessness. Bu li ka sa mwa ni
foseza, you offend me daily (without mending your ways).
busabelo (ma-) n. safety, security, protection: Mwa lapa la Natamoyo ki mwa
busabelo, at the Chief Natamoyo's place one can find refuge. syn.
sisabelo. (from: -saba)
busafa, n. carelessness, negligence; inaccuracy.
busali, n. womanhood; character or qualities of a woman; female organs. syn.
sisali.
busatambi, n. Toka-Leya. condition of a deaf-mute. (see: satambi)
busawana, n. falsehood, slander, tale-bearing. syn. buhata. (from: -sawana )
buse, n. side (of river, lake, forest, village, hut, etc...) used with 'bo'
and 'bwani': Buse bo bwa nuka, this side of the river; base bwani,
the other side.
busepahali, n. faithfulness, truthfulness, honesty, reliability. (from: -
sepa)
busepehi, n. as busepahali. (from: -sepa)
buseta, n. greyness (caused by dirt, ill-health or lack of ointment). fig.
poverty, destitution.
-busha (bushile) or bushize) v.t. to go in the wrong direction, to take the
wrong turn or miss the road, etc...: Ba bushize nzila, they missed the
road. fig. to miss the point (in a discussion) rec. bushana (bushani) to
miss each other taking different paths. syn. -shelana)
bushaa' n. area in a river where small rocks are visible above the water.
(from: -shaa)
bushamba (ma-) n. small skins or reed kilt as worn by African dancers. (Also
applied to any worn out kilt, rags, etc...)
bushekanu, n. Luyana. infirmity exposing someone to laughter. (from: -sheka)
bushiko, n. Luyana. blessing, good fortune, favour. der. noshiko, kashiko,
place or village where there is good fortune.)
busholi, n. (1) thieving: Busholi bu atiswa ki tala, thieving is fostered by
hunger. (2) greediness, state of someone who does not want to eat with
other people. fig. breaking of the law (often used in connection with
adultery)
bushwana, n. heritage; succession. (from: -shwana)
bushwatale, n. living alone, keeping apart: Mutu yo u pila ka bushwatale,
this person does not mix with other people. (from: -shwateka)
busia, n. width: Busia bwa mukolo, width of a canoe.
busifa, n. Toka-Leya. slandering: Ku ca mutu busifa, to slander someone with
evil intend.
busihali, n. what pertains to the female sex in animals. (see: sihali)
busihu (ma-) n. night: Fahali a busihu bo butuna, in the middle of the night;
busihu bwa kacenu, last night; ki busihu, it is night (also used as a
greeting: good night)
busili, n. act of grinding tobacco; reward given for grinding tobacco. (from:
-sila)
busimba1, n. bad luck: Mutu yo u na ni busimba, nih'a ka ya kwa ku waya ni ba
banwi h'a tabi se si–wi, this man is unlucky because if he goes fishing
with other people, he does not spear any fish. (see: sisimba)
busimba2, n. state of singing out of tune cf. malundu.
businyehi, n. damage (material or moral): Ku kelusa mutu mwa nzila ye nde, ki
businyehi, to corrupt a person is to damage his character. (from: -sinya)
businyi, n. act causing damage. (from: -sinya)
busipa, col. n. skins of wild cats or other small animals worn as a kilt
especially by dancers. (see: sipa)
busisani, n. thinness (for people and things in general ... and also of
foodstuffs and liquids): Busisani bwa musizana yo bwa mu swanela, the
slimness of this girl is very becoming; mu pazule mabala ka busisani, saw
the log into thin planks. (see: sisani)
busisini, n. gums: Butuku bwa busisini, scurvy.
busiti, n. act of pounding grain; reward given for pounding grain. (from: -
sita)
busizana, n. girlhood, maidenhood. (see: musizana)
busole, n. Sotho. soldiering, military training. (see: lisole)

busomi, n. mockery, making sport of, treating with derision; making love to
someone out of wedlock. (from: -soma)
busula, a. lacking taste, staleness: Busunso bo bu busula, this relish is
tasteless. fig. exp: Litaba za hae li busula, his report or evidence is
without interest.
busule–i, adv. without discrimination; Mutu yo u icela busuleni, this man
eats any kind of food without discrimination, ku ipulelela busule–i, to
speak without restraint, to blab.
busungu, n. poison which gets into the body through a bite or sting.
busunso (ma-) n. relish, tasty sauce with which 'buhobe' is eaten. (Usually
applies to meat, fish, vegetables and thick milk) (from: -sunsa) busupali,
n. old age, advance age. (from: -supala)
bususu, n. deafness. (see: susu) buswa, n. (1) wealth, property, state: Ku ca
buswa bwa lifasi. to enjoy the good things of the world; (2) inheritance,
portion: U cile buswa bwa ndat'ahe, he has come into his father's estate.
sun. lifa.
buswaeli, n. act of stabbing and killing an animal already wounded; reward
requested for the same. (from: -swaela).
buswenyi, n. cruelty. (from: - swenya),
busweu, n. whiteness. (see: sweu),
buta, n. bow; ya kunupa ka buta, bowman, archer.
-buta1 (butile) v.i. (1) to lie down or crouch like cattle. der. libutelo.
inv. -butuluha (butuluhile) to rise, to get up; to grow rapidly. syn. -
buyumuka. fig. (1) to run head down like someone crouching (especially in
a chace) (2) to crouch at the Chiefs door and keep guard during the night
watches der. libuto.
-buta2 (butile) e.i. to be dense: Likota li butile mwa mushitu, trees are
very dense in the forest.
butaipi, n. Eng. typing, typewriting. (from: -taipa )
butaka, n. companionship. syn. sitaka. (see: taka)
butakwa, n. drunkenness. (from: -takwa )
butala, n. (1) greenness. green colour: butala bwa matali, the greenness of
leaves; (2) rawness, unripeness: Miselo mwa mushitu i sa li butala, the
wild fruit in the forest is still unripe.
butale, n. iron ore or any kind of ore
butali, n. (1) intelligence, brains, wisdom: Mushimani yo u butali, this boy
is intelligent; (2) cleverness in getting out of trouble: U ezize ka
butali, he acted cunningly; (3) trick used to get people into trouble.
syn. maseme,.(from: -talifa)
butalifi, n. knowledge, acquired wisdom. (from: -talifa)
butanga, n. servitude, domestic slavery: Butanga bu felisizwe mwa Bulozi ka
1906, slavery in Western Province was abolished in 1906 (see: mutanga) sny
bukoba
butangana, n. state of being young, adolescence. (see: mutangana)
butanu, n. fifth: la Butanu, Friday (the fifth day after Sunday); kalulo ya
butanu, the fifth part.
butanya, n. foolishness; wildness coupled with obstinacy; restiveness in
animals: Pizi ye butanya, stubborn horse. (from: -tanya)
butapali, n. habit of touching everything: meddling; impertinence (common in
ill-mannered children) (from: -tapala)

butasi, n. the lower part of anything, bottom.

butata, n. hardship, difficulty, hard life.
butelele, n. length: Butelele bwa nzila, length of the road; distance; height
of persons, trees or buildings. adv. exp. Ka butelele, lengthwise,
upwards.
butelisi, n. work of a tax collector. (from: -tela)
butete, n. flat land covered with flood water where canoes can take short
cuts across grassy patches. syn. sitete.
butibo, n. depth (especially deepness of water in lakes and rivers) (from: -
tiba )
buticele, n. Eng. profession of a teacher.
butikitibi, n. Eng. profession of a detective.
butimani, n. avarice, stinginess. (from: -tima)
butimbi, n. singing out of tune. fig. state of being slow to learn. syn.
busimba. (see: sitimbi)
butobi, n. act of running away unseen: deserting, taking French leave. (from:
-toba)
butokwa, n. scarcity, hence of great price or worth: Lico ki za butokwa
unumwaha, food is scarce this year; gauda ki nto ya butokwa, gold is a
precious thing (from: -tokwa)
butokwi, n. need, indigence, want: Ku pila ka butokwi bwa lika ku tata, it is
hard to be destitute. (from: -tokwa)
butola, n. incest, act contrary to the traditional code of behaviour. (from:
-tola)
butoloki, n. profession of an interpreter. (from: -toloka)
butompehi, n. honourableness, respectfulness. (from: -tompa)
butongwe, n. children's game (tag).

butoto, n. ignorance, stupidity: U sike wa ba butoto cwalo, don't be so

stupid. (see: sitoto)
butu, n. humanity; the nature peculiar to human beings, also the respect due
to them. (see: mutu)
butuku (ma-) n. (1) illness: Butuku bw'a kula ki bo butuna, his illness is
very serious. (fig. weakness, besetting sin: Ku uzwa ki butuku bwa hae,
stealing is his weak point). (2) pain: Ni utwa butuku mwa toho, I have a
headache. (3) grief, sympathy. sp. exp. Ni utwa butuku hamoho ni mina, I
 grieve with you. Ku utwela mutu butuku, to have pity on someone, to
sympathise. Ku utwisa butuku, to cause pain, to harm.
butuli, n. profession of a blacksmith (from" -tula)
butulisi, n. act of manuring, possibility of being manured: Simu ye ha i na
butulisi bakeni sa sikela, this garden cannot be manured for its soil is
brackish. (from: -tulisa)
butulungundu (ma-) n. rough place where ground is uneven or full of small
ant-heaps and where travel is difficult.
butumo, n. reputation (good or bad), fame, renown. (from: -tuma)
butumuka (butumukile) v.i. to be startled, to feel astonishment or alarm, to
be stirred up by some unexpected thing. caus. -butumusa (butumusize) to
startle, to amaze or alarm; to stir up.
butuna, n. greatness, importance; superiority: Taba ye ni i bona butuna, ha
ni koni ku i atula ni li nosi, this case seems to me to be so important
that I cannot judge it alone.
butungi, n. depth in general. (from: -tunga )
butunu, n. scrapings from raw skins; (Butunu bwa komu bwa ciwa, scrap ings
from cattle skins are edible); lisila la butunu, flanel.
bututi, n. work of a man filtering beer; reward for doing this work (from: -
tuta)
butwa, col. n. white ants: Butwa bu cile libuka za ka, white ants have
destroyed my books.
-butwela (butwezi) v.t. to pare the butt-end of a shaft after the spearhead
or blade has been inserted. rel. -butwelela (butwelezi) to ~ for someone.
caus. -butwelisa (butwelisize) to help someone to ~.
butwela, n. the work or condition of a spy. (from: -twela)
-buuka1 (buukile) v.i. to make room, to stand aside, to turn away (applied to
a number of people standing together). rel. -buukela (buukezi) to stand
aside for: Mulena ki yo, mu buukele neku li li linwi, here comes the
Litunga, everybody stand to one side. caus. -buukisa (buukisize) or -buula
(buuzi) to order to make room, to stand aside.
-buuka2 (buukile) v.i. to deviate. caus. -buukisa (buukisize) or-buula
(buuzi) to cause to deviate pass -buulwa (buuswi): Mukolo wa mina u buulwa
ki moya, your canoe is deviating owing to the wind. (When applied to the
sandy banks of a river, '-buuka' means to be damaged by flood water, to
fall off).
-buumana (buumani or buumanine) vi.i. to appear large from a distance or in
darkness: Se si buumani fani ki sika mani? what is the large thing we see
over there?
buuzwi, n. the act of thieving. syn. busholi. (from: -uzwa)
-buwa (buwile) or bua (buile) v.t. to flay, to skin.
buwelekeshe, n. a mass of small things taken together (as small gravel, fish
bones, beads etc...)
buweta, n. Eng. profession of a waiter (from: -weta)
buyahi, n. work, profession of a builder, brick-layer etc...(from: -yaha)
buyalo, n. reed-mat spread before the canopy in a canoe or a barge as a
protection against water. (from: -yala)
buyaka-yaka, n. insanity, madness. (see: siyaka-yaka)
buyambi, n. work, profession of a fisherman. (from: -yamba)
buyanga, n. bodily or mental infirmity. (from: -angabala)
buyeketi, n. condition of a man living at his in-law's village: Ku yaha
buyeketi. syn. bundamalume.
buyela (buyezi) v.i. to breathe, to draw breath. fig. to come out of trouble:
Cwale u ka buyela kakuli u lukuluzwi mwa taba ya pulao, he can breathe
again now that he has been declared innocent in a case. der. puyelo,
mubuyelelo. rel. -buyelela (buyelisize) to breathe upon somone. caus: -
buyelisa (buyelisize) to help to ~ : N'a s'a shwile, kono ya sa mu
 buyelisa cwana ki dokota, he was almost dead and it is thanks to the
doctor that he is still alive (breathing) freq: - buyaela (buyaezi) to
breathe rapidly through illness or fear.
-buyaeta (buyaetite or buyaetile) v.i. to take or recover one's breath; to
rest.
buyana (buyani or buyanile) v.i. to breathe hard (especially through fear).
to pant caus: -buyanisa (buyanisize) to cause to ~.
buyembuluki, n. condition of a person subject to frequent changes of opinion,
easily persuaded, pliable and often self-contradictory, fickleness (from:
-yem buluka )
buyi, col. n. several jiggers, several fleas (also: bui)
-buyumuka1 (buyumukile) v.i. to smell bad (of a decaying body)
-buyumuka2 (buyumukile) v.i. to grow rapidly. cf. -buta. inv -butuluha
(butuluhile) to grow very slowly.
-buyunga (buyungile) v.t. to eat greedily, referring to cattle or persons:
Likomu li buyungile mbonyi ya ka kaufela mwa simu, cattle have eaten up
all my mealie crop. der. mubuyungi. rel.: -buyungela (buyungezi) to devour
someone's food. caus. buyungisa (buyungisize) to cause to eat much or to
join someone in eating greedily. int. buyungelela (buyungelezi) to eat up
everything.
buyuyu, n. pulp of certain fruits or vegetables (pumpkins, vegetable marrows
etc...)
-buza (buzize) v.t. to question, to inquire, to ask about: U buza bakeni sa
simu ya ndat'ahe, he is inquiring about his father's garden. der. mubuzi,
puzo, mubuzezo. rel: -buzeza (buzelize) to inquire on someone's behalf.
caus. -buzisa (buzisize) to cause to inquire. int. -buzeleza (buzelelize)
to make full inquiries. caus. -buzisisa (buzisisize) to inquire carefully.
rec. -buzana (buzani or buzisisize) to inquire carefully. rec. -buzana
(buzani or buzanile) to question each other, to inquire one of another.
freq. -buzanga to have the habit of ~. red. -buzabuza (buzabuzize) to
make a bit of inquiry. ref. -lpuza (ipuzize) to ask oneself, to wonder;
also as rec.
buzamaisi, n. leadership. (from: -zamaya)
buzangunda, n. inclination to disso lute life. (see: lizangunda) cf.
buizamaeli.
buzibelo (ma-) n. distinctive mark (as tatoo marks, spots, carved stripes on
wooden objects, etc...) (from: -ziba)
buzike n. Toka-Leya. slavery, bondage. syn. butanga.
buzikinyani, n. tickling, titillation; pricking under the skin as pins and
needles; pricking to the taste. (from: tikinya)
buzingwa, n. stupidity, foolishness. (from: -singa) syn. buzizi.
buzizi, n. stupidity, foolishness. (see: sizizi) syn. buzingwa.
buzumi, n. hunting. (from: -zuma)
buzumo, n. hunting game: sibaka se ha si na buzumo, there is not much game is
this area. (from: -zuma)
buzwa, n. (1) laziness, idleness, lack of energy: Mushimani yo u buzwa, this
boy is lazy. (2) bluntness of tools: Silepe sa ka si buzwa, my axe is
blunt.
buzwa (buzwize) v.i. (1) to grow ripe, to mature: Lico se li buzwa, the crops
are already ripening. fig. completeness, perfection: Musizana yo u
buzwize, this girl is fully developed. (2) to be well cooked, roasted:
Busunso bu buzwize, the relish is ready to be dished up. (3) to become
fermented: Bucwala bu tuha bu buzwa, the beer will soon be fermented. (4)
to be suppurating (as an abcess). caus: -buzwisa (buzwisize) to give time
to ripen.
buzwafi, n. manner of getting disheartened; unconcerned, apathetic. (from: -
zwafa)
buzwafisi, n. manner of disheartening other people. (from: -zwafa)
bwalango, n. bark rope, network of a bier supporting the body placed on it.
Also cross pieces forming the bottom of a grain-bin, or mat of tied-up
sticks used as mattress or a rough bedstead.
bwalelo (ma-) n. dyke built of mud including gaps where fish-traps can be
set. (from. -yalela)
bwali1, n. decaying fish made into stew or pap.
bwali2, n. disease which produces a swelling of the body.
bwalyanjo, n. (1) puberty (condition of a girl between her first menstruation
and the end of the period of seclusion during which she is initiated into
womanhood) (2) cocoon.
bwambo, n. soft hair growing on the legs, arms and chest of men. cf. bulizi1
bwanana, n. childhood: Ne li yo munde kwa bwanana bwa hae, in his childhood
he was a good boy; childishness: Mutu ha sa hulile u lukela ku tuhela za
bwanana, an adult must put away childish things.
bwanda, n. Cotton strings or wool
bwandilala, n. small dry sticks used to kindle fire. dim: twandilala.
-bwanga-bwanga (bwanga-bwangile ) v.t. to eat food greedily regardless of
others; to take too large a share of things given, leaving little or
nothing for others. cf. -lobela. rel: bwanga-bwangela ( bwanga-bwangezi)
to take someone's food or property away; to take a share for someone's
else: Ngulu yani na i bwanga-bwangela mwan'a hae, she took that share of
sweet potatoes for her child caus: -bwanga-bwangisa (bwanga-bwangisize) to
cause to ~.
bwanyu, n. see: buanyu.
bwatamo, n. see: buatamo.
-bweza-bweza (bweza-bwezize) v.t. to look for. syn. -bata. bwi or wi, excl.
expressing darkness: Mubu u li bwi, very black soil. Mutu ya li bwi! a
dark-skinned person.

bwifuto, see: buifuto or buifuti.

bwindi, col. n. pack of wild-dogs. fig. flock of small children: Ha ni lati
bwindi bwa hao ku t'o bapalelanga mwa licalo za ka, I do not like your
many children to play in my garden.
bwiziniko, n. Toka-Leya. pride, selfconceit. (from: -izinika)
bya, pron. subj. pl. (class: si-bi) used when the verb has no object or has a
simple pronoun as object: they: Bindu bya wa, the dilapidated houses are
collapsing.
bya, pos. part. pl. (class: si-bi) Binja bya hae bi bulaile kaze, his bad
dogs have killed a cat.
byale, dem. pron. pl. (class: si-bi) 4th degree; those (far away) Binyunywani
byale bi maswe, those birds over there are ugly.
-byama (byamile) v.i. see: -biama.
-byana (byanile) v.to. Luyana. to pass someone without meeting him; to
accomplish something before one's neighbour. syn. -laka) rec. -byanana
(byanani or byananile) to miss each other taking different paths. syn. -
shelana caus. -byananisa (byananisize) to cause someone to pass without
meeting a person.
byani, dem. pron. pl. (class: si-bi) 3rd degree; those (at some distance):
biseme byani bi lekilwe ki mani? by whom have those mats of bad quality
been bought?
-byanga (byangile) v.t. (1) to pick fruit or maize cobs here and there. (2)
to forage; to scratch about for food (fowls) der. mubyangi. fig. to gather
people from different places: Kapasu u byangile banna mwa minzi ka y'o
fuluha, the Court messenger has gathered men from all villages to man a
paddle barge. rel. -byangela (byangezi) to pick for someone. caus. -
byangisa (byangisize) or -byangulisa (byangulisize) to order or to help to
 pick. int. -byangelela (byangelezi) to gather all that is left after
harvest. red. -byanga-byanga (byanga-byangile) to pick up a few maize ears
in one's garden. ref. -lpyanga (ipyangile) to look for food to stop one's
hunger, to fend for oneself. rel. -ipyangela (ipyangezi) same meaning as
ipyanga.
-byangula (byanguzi) v.t. (1) to remove, to brush off: Byangula kokwani yeo,
brush off that insect. (2) to snatch: U ni byanguzi potoloto ya ka, he has
snatched my pencil. rel. -byangulela (byangulezi) to snatch for someone.
caus. -byangulisa (byangulisize) to help to remove or to snatch. req.-
byangaula (byangauzi) to snatch from everybody, or again and again; to
push in (as in a queue): U sike wa byangaula batu mwa mukoloko, do not
push in to the queue; to push one's way through a crowd.
bye, dem. pron. pl. (class: si-bi) 1st degree; these: Bikeke bye se bi
supezi, these bad dishes are nearly out of use.
-byobyola (byobyozi) v.i. (1) to whistle. (2) to speak foreign languages
fluently: U byobyola hande sikuwa, he speaks English fluently. Also used
in reference to 'lingongole's whistle (mythical snake-like monster
believed to inhabit the Zambezi River)
-byokoka (byokokile) v.i. to be drawn back (foreskin) anat
-byokola (byokozi) v.t. to draw back (foreskin) (anat) syn. -shununa.
-byotola (byotozi) v.t. to take by force.
C
c, Has the sound of the italian C which is generally like 'ch' in 'Church,'
and sometimes like 'j' in 'jam'.
ca1 (cite) v.i. (1) to be burning: Mulilo u ca mwa libala, the fire is
burning on the flats. (2) to get burnt or scorched: Tokomela mulilo, u ka
ca! watch the fire or you may get burnt; ka ca /izazi, to become sun-
burnt. (3) to be de: strayed: Munzi was Sililo u cite basihu, Sililo's
village was destroyed by fire last night. (4) to get hot: Mezia cile. the
water is boiling hot; Sipiya mina i cite, your soldering-iron is red-hot.
(5) to suffer from leprosy: Ngetengete u cite mulilo wa Nyambe, so-and-so
is covered with leprosy spots (looking like burns). der. mucisi.. rel.
pass -celwa (cezwi) to have one's property destroyed by fire: Bo Nyambe ba
cezwi ki ndu ya bona maabani, Nyambe had his house destroyed by fire
yesterday. caus. cisa (cisize) (1) to burn, to scorch: Mu yoo cisa
bucwai7i bo be sheuzwi go and burn the weeds. (2) to cauterize, to brand:
Komu ye to lekile mu yoo i cisa nombolo, go and brand the newly-bought
cow. (3) to press or iron clothing: Ni ka cisa papa ya ka kamuso, I will
press my suit to-morrow. -cisa is also used as adj: Mezi a cisa. hot
water. ret ciseza (ciselize) to upset, to harm someone by burning his
property: sƒpulumuki si ciselize bate mandu a bona, a mad man has burnt
their houses int. -ciseleza (ciselelize) to burn all, to consume. fig. to
exaggerate or exceed the truth: Ku cise leza taba, to speak too much,
excceding the truth. stat -ciseha (cisehile) (1) to be well pressed; (2)
to be completely burnt (as grass on the flats). fig to be zealous (Sotho.
Rarely used now). ref-icisa (icisize) to burn oneself; -iciseza
(iciselize) to be responsible for the burning of one's property int.
celela (celezi) to become completely burnt.
ca2 (cite) v.t. (1) to eat: Ku ca behove ni nama, to eat buXobe with meat.
sp. exp.: Ku ca ka lamba fafarri, to satisfy completely one's hunger. (2)
to rust, to corrode: Sipi ye i cite mafumi, this bit of iron has gone
rusty. (3) to embezzle, to appropriate by fraud: Ngete-ngete u cite maxi a
ka. so-and-so embezzled my money. (4) to inherit or succeed to a title:
Mweli wa ka u ka ca panda sa ka, my first-born son will inherit my
property. (5) to spend any length of time: Ucile lisunda ze peli mwa
Libingi, he spent two weeks in Livingstone. (6) to attend: Ku ca mukiti,
to be present at a party. (7) to catch out: Taba i ka mu ca, the evidence
will catch him out. (8) to bury (with special reference to the man who
stands in the grave to reccive the corpse). (9) to have relations with a
woman. der. muci, micomibi, siciso, sicelo, mucelo. pass. -ciwa (cilwe) to
be edible: Mubula wa ciwa, the fruit of the mabula trce is edible; to be
eaten: Komu ya ka i cilwe ki tag my cow has been eaten by a lion. fig. to
suffer from: Ku ciwa pi ndEulu. to suffer from nostalgia, ka ciwa ki
lizwalo, to be stung by con science: u ciwa kini? what ails you? rel. -
cela (cezi) ka cela mute sa hae, to appropriate somebody's food, money or
property: to charge an unfair price. caus. -cisa (cisize) to help someone
to eat (as a patient or a child): Ni sa cisa mwanana, I am still helping
the child with his food. sp. exp. Lizoho le li cisa, the right hand (lit.
the hand that takes food to the mouth): ka cisa likomu mwa simu va mute,
to let the cattle wander into somebody's garden: ka cisa bats Sunda, to
conduct a Church Service: ka visa bate makande, to give people the news,
to relate recent events. ret -ciseza (ciselize) to assist someone in
giving food to a child or a sick person. int. -celela (celezi) to finish
all the f-od. stat. -ceha (cehile) to be palatable: Nama ye ya ceXa hande,
this meat is pleasing to the taste.
caa ! interj. used to scare away birds.
-caba (cabile) v.i. Sotho to rise (the sun) der. bucabela.
-caba-caba (caba-cabile) v.i. to skip joyfully, to hop, to jump about. syn. -
shamba-shamba.
cabanombe (bo-) n. yellow-billed oxpecker (bird)
cabelela (cabelezi) v.t. to add in great quantity: Ku cabelela likota kwa pi
a to put plenty of firewood under a pot: ka cabelela misisi, to wear a
number of skirts one on top of another as in the Silozi fashion. cf. -
cakela; ka cahelela litaba, to talk a lot! adding argument upon argument
caus. -cabelelisa (cabelelisize) (likota) to help or to order someone to
add fuel to the fire (also rig to stir up the argument).
-cabuka (cabukile) v.i. to sit on the ground (as a number of people resting
after work or cattle lying down after grazing): Nifumani babeleki ba
cabukile mwa kota, I found the labourers resting under a tree; to lie on
the ground in large number (as birds).
-cabula (cabuzi) v.t. (1) to kill in large numbers (birds or game during a
hunting party on the flats) (lisuloJ. (2) to leave things lying here and
there without order: Mu sike mwa cabula litino za mica fafasi, do not
leave your clothes lying about on the ground.
cabuu' ! interj. expressing a great number of people, animals. birds or
things lying about.
cabuu2 ! interj. expressing amazement before an unusual catch (fish) or
shooting (birds, game etc . . .) syn. bololo! pyatitii!
-cacalana (cacalani or cacalanile) v.i. to make a fuss over trifles like a
child; to cry after being beaten. (also: -cacilikana or cacalakana) caus.
-cacalanisa (cacalanisize) to cause a child to fuss or cry.
-cacameza (cacamelize) v.t. to make a canoe glide swiftly (as children racing
canoes in flood water).
-cacuka (cacukile) v.i. to break out severely in spots or sores (as skin
diseases). pass. -cacukiwa (cacukilwe) to develop a skin rash: Mwanana yo
u cacukilwe ki muukwaukwani, this child has developed a skin rash due to
measles.
-caela1 (caezi) v.t. to drive a span of oxen. der. mucaeli. rel. -caelela
(caelezi) to drive for someone. caus. -caelisa (caelisize) to order or to
help someone to drive.
-caela2 (caezi) v.i. to finish work (paid work). rel. -caelela (caelezi) to
cease work and go to a certain place: Kacenu ni caelezi kwa mantolo, ni
palezwi ka ya kwa hae, today I did not go home at lunch time, I just went
to the stores after work. caus. -caelisa (caelisize) to order or to give
the signal to stop work. int. -caelelela (caekelezi) to finish work for
week-ends or holidays. inv. cauluka (caulukile) to return to work after
the lunch break.
cai-cai! interj. expressing stubbornness. (as cakanga!)
caka-mukata, n. children's game consisting of hopping on one leg. sp. exp. Ku
yemisa mote cakamukata, to give someone no time for rest (as a patient
requiring much attention etc . . .)
cakala! interj. expressing surprise (at being able to jump over water):
Mwanana a tula kalomba a li cakala! the child jumped over the canal to our
great surprise.
cakala, n. an importunate, bothersome person: Mwanana So ki cakala, this is
an harassing child; musali wa cakala, a nuisance of a woman. (from: -
shakalala)
cakalala! ideoph. imitating the sound of a rattle.
cakanga ! interj. expressing stubbornness: Ku mu isa mo ki cakanga, ka mu
kutisa mo ki cakanga! whatever you do you will not succeed in convincing
him. syn. cai-cai!
-cakela (cakezi) v.t. to put on small skins or a head-dress as a professional
dancer: Mubini u caked mashamba a hae, the dancer has put' on his dancing
kilt to wear many skirts in the Silozi fashion. cf. -cabelela. caus. -
 cakelisa (cakelisize) to help someone to dress. int. -cakelela (cakelezi)
to be overdressed, to be in full dress.
cakolwa (bo-) n. drunkard.
-cakular (cakuzi) v.t. to cut into a piece of timber (as a mortise), to l
notch. rel. -cakulela (cakulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -cakulisa
(cakulisize) to help to ~.
-cakula2 (cakuzi) v.t. to strike (a match) rel. -cakulela (cakulezi) to give
someone a light.
-cala (cezi or calile) v.t. to sow, to scatter seeds, to plant: Ki nako ya ka
cala mbonyi mwa Mazda it is time to sow maize on the mounds. der. mucali,
sicalo, mucalelo. rel.calela (calezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -calisa
(calisize) to order or to help someone to ~. int. rec. calisana (calisani
or calisanile) to help each other in sowing or planting calelela
(calelezi) to finish sowing. inv. -calulula (caluluzi) to sow a second
time where the seeds did not sprout; to transplant. ref. icalela (icalezi)
to sow or plant for oneself.
cali (hi-) n. Eng. shawl, travelling rug, fringed blanket.
-calima (calimile) v.i. as -shalima or -talima.
-cameka (camekile) v.t. (1) to start brewing beer; (2) to put poison in food
or beer: Mute yani u bulailwe ki mulyani o ne ba mu camekezi mwa bucwala,
that person was killed by the poison they put in his beer.
-cancalika (cancalikile) v.i. to walk unsteadily on rubble or in mud. (also
applied to fowls about to mate) rel. -cancalikela (cancalikezi) to walk
unsteadily towards. caus. cancalikisa (cancalikisize) to cause someone to
walk unsteadily.
-cancauka (cancaukile) v.i. to become torn or worn out: Litino za ka se li
cancaukile, my clothes are already torn into shreds.
-cancaula (cancauzi) v.t. (1) to tear into shreds or break into pieces with a
cutting tool. (2) to wound a person to death. rel. -
cancaulela (cancaulezi) to tear someone's clothes into shreds. int. -
cancaule Ilela (cancaulekezi) to tearcomple- ltelyl
-caniba (canibile) v.i. Luyana. to besmall in size; to be short in quantity.
-cankaula (cankauzi) v.t. to hoe asmall piece of land (not cuttingúdeeply).
fig. to be averse to hoeing l gardens: Musali yo u buzwa, haa limi, u
cankaulafela, this woman is l lazy, she does not cultivate, but just
scratches the ground. rel. -cankaulela (cankauiezi) to help someone to
hoe.
-cankula (cankuzi) v.t. as-cankaula.
-cafia-cafia (cana-cafiile) v.i. to try not to fall when wrestling, to keep
one's balance when pushed.
-cafiiliketa (cafiiliketite) v.i. to try hard to do or get something without
success: Ni li ka caRiliketa Kwacha ya ka kuli ba nife nama, ba hana! try
as I might. I did not succeed in buying meat because of the long queue.
cao-cao, adv. singly, by oneself alone: Ni ezize musebezi wo cao-cao nafela
ni nosi, I have done this job single-handed.
capu (li-) n. axe. syn. silepe. cfi mufinyana.
-capuka (capukile) v.i. to walk in great numbers as people dispersing after a
gathering.
-capulula (capuluzi) v.t. to buy a lot of clothing at one time.
-caputuka (caputukile) v.i. (1) to walk in large groups following each other
at short intervals. (2) to be bleeding profusely: Mutuyo usa caputuka mali
a mahata, this man is still bleeding a lot. cf. -tuputuka.
capuu! interj. expressing surprise at a large number of people walking
together. cf. cicaa!

-capwaila (capwaezi) v.i. to paddie slowly and lazily. syn. -njapwanga.

-cata (catile) v.t. to give fingerprints. der. mucato. syn. nyatela. fig. to
perform a civil marriage. caus. -catisa (catisize) to take finger-prints.
fig to take people to the registrar (of marriage).
-caula1 (cauzi) v.i. to march as soldiers, to do physical exercise. der.
mucaulisi, mucaulisezo, mucaulelo. caus. -caulisa (caulisize) to drill or
exercise soldiers, pupils.
-caula2 (cauzi) v.i. to utter sharp and uninterrupted barking (as a dog
chasing game). cf. -huhula.
-caya (cacile) v.t. Zulu. to beat. der. macayazonke.
-cebana (cebanile or cebani) v.i. Toka-Leya. to look around when being spoken
to. freq. -cebauka (cebaukile) to look about on all sides. fig. to beat
someone all over. cebu-cebu (bo-) n. a keen-witted child (especially a
girl); a crafty old womall.
-ceka (cekile) v.t. to cut with a knife; to cut 'matindi' grass with a
sickle; to cut meat into small pieces. red. -cekaceka (ceka-cekile) to cut
hurriedly.
-cekeca (cekecile) v.i. to be shaky or loose. see: -shekesha.
-ceketa (ceketile) v.t. to backbite. syn. -seba.
cekisi or cekesi (li-) n. sickle.
-celuka (celukile) v.i. (1) to be absent for a long time: S'a il'o celuka
lilimo ze peli mwa bukuwa, he hasvbeen away for two years on the line of
rail. (2) to be a long time without getting married or employed: Musali yo
s'a celukile lilimo zeh ata a sa nyalwi, this woman has been unmarried for
many years now.
-cembala (cembalile) v.i. to grow old or to be affected by age. der.
mucembele. syn. -supala. rel.-cembalela (cembalezi) to grow old in or at
(a place): U cembalezi mwa mutu.ro, he has grown old in zovernment
Service. caus. -cembalisa (cembalisize) to cause someone to grow old.
cencele ! interj. to surprise when stopping suddenly (as cincili!)
-cenceleka (cencelekile) v.i. to stop when coming across something
unexpected, to hesitate when in fear or danger, not to know what to do
next. caus. -cencelekisa (cencelekisize) to cause to stop or to hesitate.
-cencemana (cencemani) v.i. to hesitate between two possible ways (e.g to
stand and fight, or to run away): Ha bona tau sa cencemana fela. when he
saw the lion, he stood wavering.
cencetwa (ma-) n. a loose woman. (sce. Iicencetwa)
-cenjela (cenjezi) v.i. to know how to foresce trouble and shun it. der.
kacenjela.
-ceputuka (ceputukile) v.i. to become loose (as string or rope when drying
up)
-ciana (cianile) v.i. to squeak (as chicks or small children)
-cibala (cibalile) v.i. to be on the point of shedding tears. caus.-cibalisa
(cibalisize) to cause someone to shed tears.
-cibilika (cibilikile) v.i. to make haste, to hurry up, to be quick when
working. cf. -akufa.
cica, adj. Sotho. round: Kweli ha i li fia busweu ki ye cica, when the moon
is full it is round.
cicaa! interj. expressing surprise at a great number of canoes gathered
together. ef. eapuu!
-eieala (eiealile) v.i. to be scattered all over,
-eieakeka (ciealekile) v.t. to scatter all over carelessiy: Mu sike mwa
cicaleka libvana mwa ndu, don't scatter things carelessly all over the
house.
-eiiketa (eiiketite) v.t. to worry someone by begging persistently.
-eiimana (ciimani or eiimanine) v.i. to stand heediess of danger (as someone
in front of a moving car or train); to get too near a guest or important
person.
eika (li-) n. mortar, stamping block. -cika (cikile) v.i. to jump in a dance.
caus. -eikisa (cikisize) to ride a child on one's knce.
-eikela (cikezi) v.t. (1)to fill up to a certain point: U xele ku t'o cikela
mo, fill up to here; (2) to work to a given extent: U /ime simu ku t'o
cikela mo, hoe the garden up to this point.
-eikimana (eikimani or eikimanine) v.i. to be about half full: Mezi a
cikimanine fela mwa hemele, the bucket is only half full of water der.
licika. caus. -cikimanisa (eikimanisize) to half-fill a container. fig to
order someone to work to a certain extent.
-eikimeka leikimekile) v.t. as -eikimanisa
-eila (eilile) v.i. Luyana. to fear, to be afraid of. syn. -saba.
-cilana (cilani) v.i. Luyana. to live well or be in good health (this word is
only used in reference to the Litunga and members of his family in charge
of Nalolo, Mwandi, Libonda, Naliele and Kaunga). pass -cilanwa: Kwa
MuleneXii kwa cilanwa, at the Capital all goes well. eaus. -cilanisa
(cilanisize) to wish the Litunga good health (This is the formal greeting
to be used when writing or con veying an oral message to the Litunga.)
cileka (bo-) n. kind of bulb used as a ball which in the cileke game has to
be hit with pointed sticks. (see: tindi)
cimbaa! interj. expressing surprise at many things floating on the surface of
water.
-cimba-cimba (cimba-cimbami) v.i. to be floating.
cimbama (cimbami) v.i. to be in water, to bathe, to swim. der. mucimbami.
syn. -tumuka. cf. -yuyuka. inv. -cimbuka (cimbukile) to rise to the
surface, to float: Litapi li cEmbukile mwa lisa, poisoned fish have risen
to the surface of the lake. fig to emerge or rise out of a low condition
(fo poverty or want).
-cimbeka (cimbekile) v.t. to float something in water, to soak or dip
lightly: U y'o cimbeka litino za hao mwa mezi, go and soak your clothes in
water, Ku cimbekafela lilabo, to paddie lightly on the surface in order to
slow down the speed of a canoe. inv. -cimbula (cimbuzi) to take or help
out of water: Ku cEmbula mbonyi mwa mezi, to harvest flooded maize; ku
cEmbula mutu mwa mezi, to rescue a person from drowning. fig to help
someone out of a low condition. rel. -cimbulela (cimbulezi) to assist
someone in taking something out of water. caus. -cibulisa (cimbulisize) to
help to ~.
cimbu-cimbu, adv. moderately, tolerably, passably: Kacenu, se li cimbu-cEmbu,
u hola mali a mahata he is tolerably well off today and earns quite a lot
of money.
-cinala (cinalile) v.i. to become a changed person, to turn over a new leaf,
to become settled. caus. cinalisa (cinalisize) or -cinaleka (cinalekile)
or -cinaza (cinalize) to help someone to improve or mend his ways.
-cinca (cincize or cincile) v.t. Eng (1) to change, to make dit'ferent: Ku
cinca muXupulo, to change one's mind; ku cinca liapalo, to change clothes;
ku cinca mali, to change money. (2) to barter or exchange: Ni cincize pulu
ya ka sitole, I have exchanged my ox for a heifer. der. cinci. rel. -
cindeza (cincelize) or cincela (cincelize) to change something for
someone. caus. -cincisa (cincisize) to cause or to help to change. stat. -
cinceha (cincehile) to change. der. cinceho. int. -cinceleza (cincehile)
to change everything. rec. -cincana (cincani or cincanile) to exchange, to
give and take mutually. red. -cinca-cinca (cinca-cincize) to change often,
to be in constant transformation.
cinceho (li-) n. transformation (from: -cinca)
cinci (ma-) n. change (money) (from: -cinca)
cincili! interj. as cencele!
-cincilika (cincilikile) v.i. as-cenceleka.
-cincilimana (cincilimani or cincilimanine) as-cencemana.
-cinela (cinezi) v.i. to remain raw though long on the fire (as vegetable
marrows); to stop growing on account of excessive heat (as plants); to
grow slowly (as under fed children) fig. to be intractable (as a child
used to beating); to be insensible, hardened: Ni li ka mu nata mwanana yo
h 'a utwi kakuli s 'a cinezi, although I beat him often this child does
not obey, becausŽ he is hardened to it. syn. -shilela. caus. -cinelisa
(cinelisize) or-cineza (cinelize) fig to render insensible: U. sike wa
natanga mwanana yo u ta mu cineza, don't beat this child too often or you
will make him insensible.
-cingaira (cingani or cinganile) v.i. to be impolite, to show a lack of
respect. der. sicingani.
-cinkilimana (cinkilimani) v.i. ascincilimana and -cencemana.
-ciina2 (cinile) v.i. (1) to refuse to give or to return something lent. (2)
to strike (as discontented labourers). rel. -cifiela (cinezi) to be
uncivil to elders. caus. -ciinisa (ciinisize) to cause insubordination.
-ciina2 (ciiiile) v.t. to touch or poke lightly: U sike wa ni ciSa ka
munwana, don't poke me with your finger! red. -ciina-cina (cina-cinile) to
poke here and there. re . -lcina (iciinile) to poke oneself accidentally
in the eye: Mwanana yo u icini/e munwana mwa lito, this child poked
himself in the eye.
-ciireka (cinekile) v.t. (1) to halfbeach a canoe; to half do things. (2) to
pass lightly over a case without looking into it. rel. -cinekela
(cinekezi) to beach at: Muko/o mu u cinekezi kai? where did you beach the
canoe? fig to have a first look at: Fa Kuta ba ciSekezi litaba fahali, at
the Court they just touched the matter without going into it.
cinili ! interj. expressing sudden amazement, bewilderment. syn. cuca !
-cipa (cipile) v.i. Eng. to become cheap, to go down in price: Sapili lika ne
li cipEle kufita kacenu, in the past, things were cheaper than today. Also
refers to poor quality or small value: masila a cipEle a pazuha kapEli.
material of bad quality is quickly torn to pieces. der. macipisa. fig. to
be of a pliant, docile nature: Yena ki mutu ya cipEle. h'a na tata; he is
a man of docile nature he has nothing of a strong-headed chap, caus. -
cipisa (cipisize) to make cheap, to lower . the price or quality of; to
lower the reputation of: Mu sike mwa cipisa musebezi wa mina. do not lower
the quality of your work. rel. cipiseza (cipiselize) to cheapen
for someone: Kabe mu ni cipiseza kubo ye, ne ni ta i leka, if you made
this blanket cheaper for me I would buy it.
cipapa, n. used in the expression: Ki wa cipapa ... meaning a sudden death:
Mwanana n-a ipapalela I hande. ha lu y'o kumbuluka ki wa cipapa. the child
was playing by | ., himself but, before we knew | where we were he was
dead.
-cipita (cipitile) v.t. shed tears softly: Mwanana yo u cipita ni? why does
this child weep softly?
-cisa (cisize) v.t. sce: -ca caus.
ciso (li-) n. burning, act of consuming by fire: Ciso ya mishitu. annual l
burning of undergrowth in forests. . Script. burnt offering. .
-coba1 (cobile) v.t. to shume: Ku coba makalata, to shume cards. I der.
mucobi.
-coba2 (cobile) v.t. to pedal, to cycle. | der. mucobi. rel. -cobela (cobezi)
to i cycle to.
-coba-coba (coba-cobile) v.t. (1) to, hop or dance out of joy. (2) to, smell
out things here and there (dogs) syn. -caba-caba.
cobe! interj. expressing the disappearance of a person or an animal: Ha ni ka
li cobe mwa ndu ya ka. . hakuna ya ka ni bona hape! after I have
disappeared in my house no 4 one will see me again.
cob-cobe, adv. manner of people retiring to their quarters leaving a guest
without proper accommoda tion. (Also applied to birds dispersing to their
nests )
-cobela~~ (cobezi) v.t. to get into a house, a nest or a hole; to put on
clothes or wrap oneself in a blanket. caus. -cobelisa (cobelisize) to
assist a patient to dress; to tuck children into bed.
-cobela2 (cobezi) v.t. to squeeze someone under the arm in wrestling: U mu
cobezi mwa kaiiolo, he squeezed him tightly under his arm syn. -nomela.
fig
-cobila (cobilile) v.i. to chirp as birds in reed thickets or groves: to
chatter noisely (as small children) freq. -cobilikana (cobilikanile) to
chirp making a deafening noise.
-coceka (cocekile) v.t. to set fire to a grass huts a grass enclosure. or dry
grass on the flats: Ka cocekile mulilo mwa libala ki mai1i? who has set
fire to the grass in the plain?
-cocola (cocozi) v.t. to roast small fish in the fire (as children do). see:
-shoshola (more frequent)
-cocoma (cocomile) vi. to be on the point of boiling, to simmer (as meat
hissing gently) fig. to be pleasant to live in: Mwa ndu ya hae kwa cosoma,
it it pleasant to live in his house; to be enjoyable: Mubinelo wa Rae wa
cocoma, his manner of dancing is a pleasure to look at. cause. -cocomisa
(cocomisize) to cause to simmer or roast: Ki mans ya covomisa nama fa
liso? who is roasting meat on the hearth?
-cocomeka (cocomekile) or -cocomeza (cocomelize) v.t. to cause disorder by
wilfully misplacing things. ref. -icocomeza (icocomelize) to introduce
unexpectedly into a house. syn. -ipolyomeza.
-cocota (cocotile) v.i. to feel pain after burning or after an insect sting
or bite; to feel a prickling pain (as when medicine is applied to a
wound). syn. -shoshota.
-coka (cokile) v.t. to cut meat into strips. der. micoko. syn. -beka.
coko1 pi-) n. Eng. blackboard chalk. coko2 (li-) n. Eng. yoke. se: joko.
coko, ideoph. imitating the sound of a stamping pestle.
-cokoka1 (cokokile) v.i. to be husked: Mbonyi ya ka i cokokile hande, my
mealies are well husked. fig. to be improving (as a person after a period
of poverty or great difficulty).
-cokoka2 (cokokile) v.i. to be blistered (hands, feet), to be peeling off.
-cokola (cokozi) v.t. to husk grain. fig. (1) to improve someone's condition:
Ki na ni til'o ka cokola, it is I who improved your living condition. (2)
to spend a long time in jail: Ba il'o cokola mwa tolongo, they spent a
long time in gaol. rel. cokolela (cokolezi) to husk grain for someone.
caus. -cokolisa (cokolisize) to help to husk grain. ref. fig -icokola
(icokozi) to devote much time to improving one's appearance by washing and
dressing with care. rel. -lcokolela (icokolezi) to husk grain for oneself
caus. -icokolisa (icokolisize) to help each other in husking grain.
-cokoma (cokomile) v.t. to spearg to stab: U mu cokomile ka gizmo la kobe, he
killed him by stabbing him with a barbed spear. der. mucokomi. syn. -taba.
-cokomana (cokomani) v.i. to be sitting in great numbers (as people attending
a Church Service, a meeting or a Court case.
-cokomeka (cokomekile) v.t. to gather people together for any public
function.
-cola (colile) v.t. Luyana. to break. der. macolaula. syn. -loba. freq. -
colaula (colauzi) to break into pieces.
-colaula (colauzi) v.t. to flatter, to praise unduly.
coliso (hi-) n. enthronement. from: yola.
-colomona (colomozi) or coomona (coomozi) v.i. to urinate copiously. syn. -
lute, tapuluha.
-comeka (comekile) v.t. to drive in materials in order to fill in a gap; to
drive a knife into a sheath; to insert, to thread a needle; to put a pin
in the hair. syn. -comelela. fig. to puzzle or speak obscurely to someone.
rel. -comekela (comekezi) to ~ for someone. freq. -comateka (comatekile)
to drive in materials to fill up the gaps Mu comateke mataka mwa masuba
kaufela a situwa, fill up every hole of the roof with reeds. inv. -comola
(comozi): see. -comola.
-comelela (comelezi) v.t. to drive in materials, to stop gaps, in order to
repair (roof, enclosure etc . . .) cf. -comeka.
-comoha (comohile) v.i. to slip out, to come out: Bwanda be comohile mwa
ndonga, the thread slipped out of the needle.
-comola1 (comozi) v.t. to pull out; to unthread; to unsheath. rel. -comolela
(comolezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -comolisa (comolisize) to help to ~.
-comola2 (comozi) v.i. to bring forth ears (maize) syn. -pakata.
compo, n. neckline of a blouse.
-compoloka (compolokile) to show (as a petty coat): Mu kutise hande pitikoti
ya mina i compolokile kwa mulaho, please pull your petty coat, for it is
showing behind.
-cona (conile) v.i. to wait for a long time, to stay away from home for a
long time. der. siconi. syn. -liyongo bela. cf. -ondoka. rel. -conela is
(conezi) to stay away for a long time, at or in a place: Ngete-ngete u
il'o conela mwa Bulawayo, so-andso has been away in Bulawayo for a long
time. caus. -conisa (conisize) to keep someone waiting for a long time; to
cause someone to stay away for a long time. int. -conelela (conelezi) to
stay away for I good. I
congo, n. noise, uproar: Mu na nilcondo hahulu, you are very noisy. lexcl:
congo! stop making noise; si-llence !
-conka (conkile) v.t. to poke. syn. -cifia.
-conkola (conkozi) v.t. to woundlightly, to scratch: Kota i ni conkozikwa
liutu, a stick has scratched my Ifoot. freq. -conkaula (conkauzi) fig lto
irritate, to provoke someone's anger.
-conkomana (conkomani) v.i. to live in solitude. syn. -ungumana. rel. -
lconkomanena (conkomanezi) v.i. to l live in solitude in or at a place.
ref. , -iconkomanena, to live by oneself. l
-conkomona (conkomozi) v.t. to scrape with a pointed tool or stick l (as
tobacco adhering to a snuff- ,box, etc . . .).
-coXa-coXa (coXa-conile) v.t. to poke in different places. syn. -cifia-cifia.
-cofiola (conozi) v.t. to wound lightly. syn. -coukola.
coo! ideoph. (ku li -) imitating the sound of a waterfall or that of very hot
object when dipped in cold water. The expression: lizazi ha li
y'o hi coo, refers to the setting of the sun. (resembling the cooling of a
red-hot object)
-cooma1 (comile) v.i. to make a crackling noise (as meat being fried in a
pan); to emit a sound like
that of boiling water; to roar like a a waterfall: Mezi a cooma mwa roaring
in the I sibuba, water is ^ rapids.
-cooma2 (coomile), v.t. Luyana. to hollow out, to scoop out (a mortar etc . .
.)
-coomoka (coomokile) v.i. to flow, to run (liquid) car. -lota.
-copoka (copokile) v.i. to have the skin peeling off one's hands: Mute yo u
copokile mwa mazoho. the skin of this man's hands is peeling off. caus. -
copola (copozi) to cause the skin to peel off.
copoo! Expression referring to the skin when it peels off blistered hands: U.
sebelize hahulu, mazoho a hae a li copoo! his hands are pecling for he
worked very hard.
-copweta (copwetile) v.t. to stop leaks in a canoe or a barge. der.
mucopweti, sicopwetiso, mucopwetelo. rel. -copwetela (copwetezi) to ~ for
someone. caus. -copwdisa
f (copwetisize) to order or to help to sl ~. stat. copweteha (copweehile)
that which can be stopped (leaks). cubela (cubezi) v.t. to squeeze, to
lock the neck of one's opponent in wrestling, in the fold of the arm.
coca! or cucala! interj. expressing Isudden amazement, bewilder- Iment. syn.
ciiisili!
cub (cucuzi) v.i. to be held as tightly as one in a snare. fig. to struggle
in order to frce oneself: UJ sa cucula ni mutate wa Rae, he is still
struggling to pay off his fine. caus. -cuculis (cuculisize) to hold
tightly in wrestling.
cucu-cuku! Guess! (special expresst ion used in the Mayumbo game).I ! culi!
ideoph. (kuli -) used in refer l ence to water falling in drops or to +
anything falling in water or diving: a Ni bong kwena ha i Hi culi mwa
mezi, 58 I have seen a crocodile dive into the water.
culu! interj. expressing surprise at I the disappearance of someone or at his
absence for a long time: a li ku li culu kwa bukuwa h'a kuti! ever since
he went to the line of rail, there has been no sign of him!
-culuka (culukile) v.i. to be absent for a long time.
-cululuka (cululukile) v.i. to be drip- ping with sweat or blood.
-cumula (cumuzi) v.i. to walk knee- deep in flood water.
-cunka (cunkile) v.t. to pour a drop or small quantity of liquid: Mu ni cunke
mulyani mwa meto. pour some eyedrops into my eyes. der. sicunkiso. rel. -
cunkela (cunkezi) to pour a drop for: A mu ni cunkele mwanana yo tubisi
mwa komoki, please pour some milk in a cup for this child.
-cunuta (cufiutile) v.i. (1) to limp, to be lame. fig. to hesitate between
two opinions. (2) to refuse one's husband. syn. -toza, -panata.
-cupuka (cupukile) or -cupula (cupuzi) v.i. to get out of, or set oneself
frce from, a snare: Nyuny- vvani i cupuzi mwa katwa. the bird got out of
the snare.
cupola (cupuzi) v.t. to unfasten, to untie, to unbind, to unlash: Ki mani ya
cupuzi namani muhala? who has unloosened the calrs rope?
-cupwa (cupwile) or cupweka (cup- wekile) v.t. to dip the tip of one's finger
in a liquid; to soak or im- merse completely: Uy'o cupwa lia- palo 7a hao
mwa mezi, go and soak your clothes in water.
cupwi! ideoph. (ku li -) refers to walking in shallow water or to any object
falling in water. cupya, adj. hornless (with reference to female cattle:
cupyana)

cuu! ideoph. (ku li -) imitating the sound of a heavy rain.

-cuuka (cuukile) v.i. to know one's work thoroughly.
-cuula (cuuzi) v.t. to look attentively, to observe closely, to look
thoroughly at: Mu ni coupe hande kamuso mu sike mwa ni timelelwa, take a
good look at me, so that you do not fail to recognise me tomorrow.
-cuuma (cuumile) v.i. (1) to sound like heavy rain: (2) to be wailing (of
many people mourning together) cf. -tuuma.
-cuumuka (cuumukile) v.i. to rain heavily.
cwaa! ideoph. (ku li -) refers to the sting or to the prick of a needle: also
to the fact of getting out of sight: Nja pa ka ya sa li ka li cwaa ni
folofolo mwa bucwani ha i sika kuta, since my dog disappeared while
chasing game in the grass, it has not returned
cwale, adv. now, at the moment: in a narrative has the meaning of then'.
cwale-cwale, adv. just now, this g moment
cwale fa adv. at once immediately. X
cwaleka prep. as, such as: like.
cwalekaha, conj. as if, as when
cwalot adv. so, thus, in that way: Ee, ka cwalo, yes it is so hakucwalo, it
is not so: mu eze cwalo, do it that way: kamukwaocwalo, so,
conse quently: hakulicwalo, so, this being so: nihakulicwalo, even so,
nevertheless. 'cwalo' may also be translated: that much, as much, so much,
so many: Mu nife cwalo, give me as much: bats ba baSiata swab, so many
people. adj. ya cwalo, mute ya cwalo, such a man: nto ye cwalo, such a
thing.
cwalo-cwalo, adv. and so on, etcetera.
cwana, adv. so, thus, that way (preceeding an explanation or a demonstration)
-cwankama (cwankami) v.i. to disappear or be out of sight (as one gomg into
the forest or being a long time at work or on some errands). syn. -
icwanka.
-cwankeka (cwankekile) v.t. to hide, to keep in safety: U cwankekile tipa ya
hae mwa bucwani, he hid his knife in the grass. ref.-icwankeka
(icwankekile) to hide oneself. syn. icwanka.
cwanonu, adv. now (as cwale, but more emphatic)
cwani? adv. how? in which way? by what means?
-cwepula (cwepuzi) v.t. to beat slightly with a rod. freq.-cwepaula
(cwepauzi) to beat repeatedly. ret cwepaulela (cwepaulezi) to beat on
someone's behalf.
-cwiana (ewianile) v.i. to squeak like chicks or mice. syn. ciana.
D
d, pronounced as in English. By itself 'd' is only used with words
of foreign origin. In proper silozi words 'd' never stands alone,
but combines with 'n': Ndate, ndu, ndanda, etc...
daimani, n. Eng. diamond, anything precious
dali, n. Eng. darling: Dali wa ka, my darling. syn. mulatiwa, sheli.
damu (li-) n. Eng. dam, swimming pool .
-dansa (dansize) v.i. Eng. to dance. der.
dansi. dansi (li-) n. Eng. dance (from: dansa )
dekitiva (ile) v.t. Eng. to act as a detective. (see: tikitiba)
diabulosi, n. Gk. the devil. syn. satani.
-dipa (dipile) v.t. Eng. to dip cattle.
dokota (ma-) n. Eng. doctor, medical practitioner. syn.in aka.
donki (li- or ma-) n. Eng. donkey. syn. mbongolo.
E
e, has two sounds. One is open and nearly approaches to 'e' in bed: eza,
ekeza, eleza etc . . . The other is closed. It mostly occurs when 'e' is
used at the end of words: Bibeleye kenile, tafuleyende. etc . . .
e, rel. pron. obj. of nouns which have the plural in ma(class: buma, li - ma,
lu -ma), those which: Mali e ni hola, the money which I draw. cf. a (4)
e, interj. (1) I say, mind ! beware be careful ! E, bona mwanana yo u ka ca,
mind, that child may get burnt ! (2) In calling someone 'e' is often added
to the name: Muyunda, e, becomes Muyundee . .. (3) Sometimes used
interrogatively: e? what do you say?
e, eni, adv. yes. Eni is more polite than e: thus, the correct answer when
assenting is 'eni sha' or 'eni shangwe '.
e, e, interj. calling to silence. E, e! a mu teeleze se si taha ko! stop
that noise and listen to what is being said !
-ebela (ebezi) v.t. Luyana. to admire. der. Iiebela. syn. -buha. pass. -
ebelelwa (ebelezwi) to be pleased, delighted, interested in contented:
Mubeleki wa ka u ebelezwi kakuli ni mu pilisa hande, my employee is
pleased with his job because I treat him well.
ehe! interj. of joy (as in welcoming people home); of surprise (when picking
up lost things); of approval.
-ekeza (ekelize) v.t. to add, to increase. der. muekezi, kekezo. stat.
ekezeha (ekezehile) to be increasing, to grow in size, to become greater
or worse: Butuku bwa hae bu ya bu ekezeha, his iliness is steadily getting
worse. rel. -ekeleza (ekelelize) to give more to, to give an increment: Ba
ni ekelelize kwacha kwa mali e ni hola. they have given me one kwacha
increment on the salary I draw. pass ekelezwa (ekelelizwe) to be given
more: Ni kupa ku ekelezwa kakuli mali a ka ki a manyEnyani hahulu, I ask
to be given an increment as my salary is very small.
-elekela (elekezi) v.t. Luyana. to measure with the hand, to give a handful
(of salt, sceds, etc . . .)
-eleketa (eleketile) v.i. Luyana. to be tasteless (as relish not well
seasoned).
-elemba (elembile) v.i. to roam about secing friends (especially applied to
an idie woman at sced time). der. mwelembo.
-eleta (eletite or eletile) v.i. Luyana. as -eleketa.
-eleza (elezize or elelize) v.t. to advise, to counsel, to warn, to put on
guard: Ya ka mu eleza ki mani? who will advise him? der. muelezi~~ kelezo,
kelezano, rec. -elezana (elezani or elezanile) to advise or consult each
other. ref. -ikeleza (ikelezize) to think over, to ponder.
-eluba (elubile) v.i. Luyana. te be stupid. der. muelo.
-ema (emile) v.i. see: -yema.
-emba-emba1 (emba-embile) v.i. Luyana to fpndie a baby with a view to showing
him off
-emba-emba2 or empa-empa (embaembile or empa-empile) v.t. to be undecided
(especially whether to give food to someone or reserve it for a better
purpose). caus. -embaembisa or empa-empisize) to cause to retain or hold
back (especially foodstuffs)
-embama (embami or embamile) v.t. (1) to lean forward in order to hear a
conversation. to eavesdrop. (2) to sit close to someone (as a child to his
parent). (3) to run side by side (as a dog chasing game). der. muembami,
muembatami, liembatama. syn. -lkembeka. fig. to persist in begging or
requesting: Nimufile kakuli n'a ni embami maswe, I granted his request
because of his . persistence.
embeka (embekile) v.t. see: -keng eka.
-embela (embezi) v.t. Luyana. to . herd cattle. syn. -lisa..
-enda (endile) v.i. Luyana. to walk,to go, to travel. der. sendaendi, S
luendo, syn. -zamaya. red. -enda-enda (enda-endile) to walk about, to
stroll; to take a journey. l
-endelela (endelezi) v.i. to go from N bad to worse: U luke siapalo sa hao si
ka endelela, mend your garment .before it gets completely ruined.fig. to
go to the dogs.
-endeleza (endelelize) v.t. to lead astray, to entice, to seduce: Usike X .wa
endeleza pilu ya hao cwalo, do .not be led astray in that way. ref. -
ikendeleza (ikendelelize) to belittle .Oneself.
-endeka (endekile) v.t. to lean against. fig. to put up visitors. (see: -
yendeka )
-enduka (endukile) v.i. to go downstream. der. muenduko. syn. -yen-duka.
-endamena (endamezi) v.t. to lean upon. der. maendameno. syn. -yen-damena.
-enga-enga ( enga-engile ) v. i. to start falling (as the first drops of
rain); to have tears in one's eyes, to be ready to shed tears. cf: -
cipita.
-engama (engami) v.i. to sit or stand close to a person: Mwanana kaufela u
Iata hahulu ku engama ku bo mahe, every child likes to sit close to his
mother. fig. to slander, to have continually someone's name on the lips.
-engaeta (engaetite) v.t. to display things meant to be carried unobserved
. enge (li-) n. ink
-engela (engezi) v.i. (1) to be bulging (as a stomach), to be swollen (as a
ripe abcess) (9) to be bright red and ripe (of fruit).
-engula (enguzi) v.i. to sit sideways on one thigh.
-enya (enyize) v.i. to be tepid, luke-warm: Ni tokwa mezi a enva han,vi-
nyani, I want some lukewarm water. der. muenyena. red. -enya-enya (enya-
enyize) to be nearly lukewarm.
-enyauka (enyaukile) or enyoka (enyokile) v.i. to be smouidering (as the
remains of a fire) fig. to lose one's temper, to fly into a rage. rel. -
enyokela (enyokezi) to be angry with someone. caus. -enyokisa (enyokisize)
to irritate, to put into a rage.
-esha (eshile or eshize) v.i. Luyana. to arrive, to reach, to pass syn. -
fita.
eshe! interj. not so. cf. asha! ishi!
-eshula (eshuzi) v.t. to overcome, to win, to come first (as in a race, at
work or in an examination): Mu-kumbuta ki vena ya lu eshula mwa sitopa sa
luna. in our class M ukum-buta is the one who always comes first syn. -
teula, fita.
-eta (etile) v.i. Luyana. to visit. der. mueti, lieto. rel. -etela (etezi) to
pay a visit to at (of persons or places) Ni til'o mi etela kacenu, today I
have come to see you
-etelela (etelezi ) v.t. to walk in front, to lead people. der. mueteleli
eto! or eyo! interj. Luyana of ap-proval: welidone!
Evangeli or Evaneli, n. Eng. Gospel: Evangeli ya Mateu, the Gospel ac-cording
to St. Matthew; the teach-ing of Jesus Christ: Evangeli i tisize liseli la
kozo mwa Bulozi, the teach ing of Jesus Christ has brought the knowledge
of peace in Bulozi
-eya (eyile) v.i. to be blown up (as fire by wind), to be red hot (of
embers). fig. to be fiery, to hate, to be inflamed with anger or jeal-ousy
der. Iieya. syn. -wekuma, -yekuma. rel. fig-eyela (eyezi) to be angry with
someone. freq. -evoka or eyauka (eyokile or eyaukilŽ) to be kept burning.
-eyala (eyalile) v.i. Luyana, to sit si-lently, to be overwhelmed with sorrow
or misfortune: Mutu yo kEiii s'a eyalile cwana? why is this person so
silent'? caus. -eyalisa (eyalisize) to cause someone to be silent or
sorrowful
-eza (ezize) v.t. (1) to bring into existence, to make, to do, to act: Mu
ezani? what are you doing? Ku eza hande, to do well; ku eza ka tata, to
strive! to struggle. (2) to treat: Ku eza mutu hande, to treat someone
well: ku eza mutu bu-tanga, to treat someone as a slave. der. muezi,
muikezezi, kezo, keza-halo, buikeziso. syn. -tenda. rel. -ezeza (ezelize)
to ~ for someone. caus. -ezisa (ezisize) to order or to help to ~: Se si
ni ezisize cwalo ki ku sa ziba, it is ignorance that made me act like
this. int. -ezeleza (ezelelize) to act completely int-stat. -ezahala
(ezahalile) to be feas-ible, practicable, permissible, possible,
realizable: Taba ye i eza-halile lili? when did this happen? rec. -ezana
(ezani or ezanile) to do something to each other, to act mutually: ku
ezana maswe, to wrong each other. req. -ezanga to have the habit of doing
something. inv. -ezulula (ezuluzi) to do for the second time red. -eza-eza
(eza-ezize) to do a little, to do what one can: ku eza-eza fela, to do
half- heartedly. ref. -Ikeza (ikezize) to pretend to be, to simulate: ku
ikeza bupulumuki, to simulate insanitv fig. exp. ku ikeza lisino, to
refuse to be sent somewhere rel. -ikezeza (ikezelize) to make for oneself;
to act on one's own initiative, to do as one pleases: Mutanga h a lukeli
ku ikeze.a. a slave has no right to act on his own initiative. caus-ike-
1l zisa (ikezisize) to pretendz to pur- t posely make a mistake! to do
convtrary to what is expected
F
f, pronounced as in English
fa, adv. here: Zwafa, get outb go away ! kafa ni kafa, here and there. : Also
means just now, as in the ex-pression: cwale-ceulefa, just now,
immediately; or when: Fa n'afitezi n 'a otile hahulu, when he arrived he
looked very thin.
fa, prep. at, on, applied to a place near at hand or time: Bafitilefa li-
kamba, they have arrived at the shore; fa tafule, on the table; fa nakoya
tei1i, at the appointed time. fa also means, sometimes from or to: Ni zwa
fa likamba, ni ya fa sikolo, I come from the shore and ,go to the school
Fa is also used in compound adverbs as fahalimu. -on. above: in addition
to:fafasi, on "the ground: fatuko, aside: fahali, Cinside, within,
through: fakaufi. near
fa (file) v.i. Luyana. to die. No longer used except as an interj. fa! truly
' der. mufu. svn. -shwa, timela.
-fa (file) v.t. to give, to supply, to bestow: A tt1U nife kwateni kwacha, S
please give me a kwacha der. mpo. muipi, muipo. cf. -sunya. ref. -lpa
(ipile) (1) to appropriate without permission: Ku maswe ku ipanga lika za
mutu, it is not right to take someone's property without asking (2) to
pretend, to give one-self airs. sp. exp. ku ipa mata, tq take pains: ku
ipa linako. to fiX time by mutual consent; ku ipa lu .shango, to exchange
news
fafasi, adv. on the ground: Tom4 munsifafasi, put the pestle on the ground.
-fafata (fafatile) v.t. to travel a lot; to go about seeing friends, to visit
frequently: Mwanana yo u fafata hahulu, u ka shwa itekelelwa; this child
goes visiting too often, he will die in an unknown way.
-fafaza1 (fafalize) v.t. to sprinkle: Pula ifafalizefela, the rain hardly
fell.
-fafaza2 (fafalize) v.t. to scar babies affected by conjunctivitis. rel. -fa-
faleza (fafalelize) to scar on behalf of someone. caus. -fafazisa (fafazi-
size) to cause or to help to scar int. -fafaleleza (fafalelelize) to scar
both temples.
-fafuha (fafuhile) v.i. to have a stab-bing pain in the chest cf. -fasuka.
-fafula (fafuzi) v.t. to cause pain: I UkilpO tU mu fatuzi. he l'eels a stab
between the ribs (lit. the small ribs cause him an acute pain). cf.
kabaei.
-faha (fahile) v.t. to pour meal into boiling water (when preparing porridge
or 'buhobeO) rel. -fahela (fahezi) to ~ for someone. Int. -fa-helela
(fahelezi) to pour all the meal into boiling water.
fahali, adv. inside, within, through.
fahalimu, adv. on. above. in addi-tion to
-fahula (fahuzi) v.t. to castrate: Poho l a ka ni ka i laXula maliha I shall
castrate my bull this winter. der. mufahuli, mufahulelo, svn. -tumbula.
rel. -fahulela (fahulezi) to ~ on behalf of someone. eaus. -fa-hulisa
(fahulisize) to order or to help someone to ~.
fakaufi, adv. near.
-fala (falile) v.t. (1) to scrape skins in order to soften them (Usualiv done
with a small adze blade or potshed) (2) to scrape the crusts in a cooking
pot: Mu mu tuXele afale mahoho m ra piza i kene. Iet him scrape the crusts
in the cooking pot to clean it. der. palo, sifaliso. fig. to turn down a
request. syn. -noma,n ota. rel. -falela (falezi) to ~ for someone. eaus. -
falisa (falisize) to order or to help someone to ~. stat. -faleha
(falehile) to be well scraped. fig. exp: kacenu kufalehile k suhalinill,
today the sky is cloud-less. ref. -lfalela (ifalezi) to scrape a hide l'or
oneself.
-falala (falazi or falalile) v.i. (i) to be defeated, reduced to servitude:
Mako/olo hafalalile n1stu Bu/o-i ka ivi/im0.va 1864, the Makololo were
 defcated in Buhrzi h1 1864: (2) to die away, (o hecome extinct: I u.vika
lua he.su h/ falalile mssa Bulazi. my family have become extinct in
Bulozi: (3) to be de-stroyed or left destitute through theft, fire or
other calamity. der. palali. rel. -falalela (falalezi) to die at ~ or in
(a place) eaus. -falalisa (falalisize) to defeat. to reduce to servitude.
-falaza (falazize) v.t. to defeat, to kill: to rob..eaus. -falazisa (falazi-
size) to cause someone to sustain a loss by theft or death.
fale, faale adv. yonder, some place far away.
-falula1 (faluzi) v.t. to travel extensi-vely: U taluvi manaha, he has
travelled in many countries.
-falula2 (faluzi) v.t. to scratch: Mika-kani i ni faluzi kwa lizoho the
thorns have scratched my arm: Ka-e ifaluzi m vanana the cat has scratched
the child. eaus. -falulisa (falulisize) to cause to scratch. freq. -
falaula (falauzi) to scratch again and again. ref. -lfalulisa (ifa-
lulisize) to cause oneself to be scratched.
-falula3 (faluzi) v.t. to sum up, to review the main points of a case. to cut
short a long story.
-fana (fanile). v.t. to give much, to be generous. der. mufani, bufani. pano.
Mufana-limpl), (~od (lit. the giver of gifts) rel. -fanela (fanezi) to
give on behalf of someone: U.vike útw ni /anela lico za ka c valo u ka li
feza do not distribute mv food thoughtlessly. otherwise it will be
finished in no time. caus. -fanisa (fanisize) to give away. to distrih-ute
generousl~.. rec. -fanana (fanani or fananile) to excharage gifts.
-fanda-fanda (fanda-fandile) ú.i. to stumble. to fall forward with outs-
tretched arms.
-fandaula (fandauxi) >.t. to scatter things about carelessly. rel. -fan-
daulela (fandaulezi) to scatter someone's things about carelessly. caus.
-fandaulisa (fandaulisize) to cause to ~.
fande, adv. outside, out of doors: Mu zwelefande please go outside.
-fandisa (fandisize) v.t. to give. der. mafandisa. syn. -fafani, adv. there,
over there
-fanuna (fanuzi) v.t. to scratch. der. mufanunuti. syn. -falula. freq. -fa-
nauna (fanauzi) to scratch repeat-edln.
-fanata (fanatile) v.t. to grip some-one with both hands through anger or
fear. syn. -fwaiiata.
-fapa (fapile) or fapula (fapuzi) v.t. to beat someone with a stick. to stab
with a spear: U mu ja/)uzi ka ilUMlO, he stabbed him with a spear. freq.
-fapaka (fapakile) or fapaula (fapauzi) to beat repeatedly.
-fapana (fapani or fapanile) v.i. to differ, to disagree. der. sifapano,
fapano or papano. rel. -fapanela (fapanezi) to disagrce about some-thing.
caus. -fapanya (fapanyize) or fapanyisa (fapanyisize) to cause
disagrcement or misunderstanding between people: to differentiate between
two things. int. -fapane-lela (fapanelezi) to disagrce completely.
fapano (li-) n. difference: misunderstanding. disagreement, disaccord.
disunion, opposition. clash. (from:-fapana)
-fapuha (fapuhile) v.i. Sotho. to ieave the road. to move out of the way, to
iet someone pass. syn. -keluha, -yabuka. fig. to go to the toilet (when
travelling in a countryside): to be at one's period (women).
-fasa if asize) v.i. to be full (as river or a cooking pot): Pi ana i fa.vize
the pot is brimful.

-fasa2 (fasize) v.i. Afrik. to become jamnacd (as a saw in timber): to be

stuck (as a vehicle in sand): to be bloc ked.
-fasuka (fasukile) v.i. to become loose (as snares after much use) fig. to
become angry.
-fasula (fasuzi) v.t. (1) to loosen a trap: Ki maiii safa.suzi kalv a ka ka"
who has loosened the snare I had set'? (2) To brush off (as an insect on
the body). fig. to irritate.
-fata1 (fatile) v.t. to scratch the ground with claws (fowls): to look for a
iost thing mostly in sand. freq. -fataka (fatakile) to scratch
continuously. rel. -fatakela (fata-kezi) to scratch someone's seeds:
Likuhu li ni fatakezi mbonyi sa ka. the l'owls have dug up my mealie
seeds.
-fata2 (fatile) v.t. to dazzle, to blind. to enter the eye (dust etc ...):
Maluli a ni fatile dust has blinded me. stat. -fateha (fatehile) to becomc
dazzled or blinded. fig. to be sightless (as someone under the influence
of drink) ref. -lfata (ifa-tile) to cause one-s eyes to become sore, to
rub one's eyes. fateni adv. on, there on. fatuko, adv. aside.
-fatungula (fatunguzi) v.t. to rummagc. to turn things over in search.
-fatuka (fatukile) v.t. to look for a missing article. to search. (see: -
fetuka)
-fava (faile) v.t. to tread under the feet, to trample (of grass). der. si-
fayamayungu, mufayaeli, mafaya. svn. -hwava. rel. -favela (fayezi) to feei
one's way with the feet (as in marshy places) freq -fayaela (fayaezi) to
walk across iong grass.
-fayuka (fayukile) v.i. to be very tired. to be exhaustcd. syn. - katala -
bomba.
-fayula (fayuzi) ú.t. to be ilble to do something: to overcome. to mastcr. to
oscrpovtPer: Mu.vehezi 1/ na li onu/rl/na, kono n i u tarl/ i - th e work
vvas very hcavy but I was able to do it: Mu.sebezi u no li onil/-tl/nag
nli u ni /alw i. the work ú aS ver! heavx and it exhausted me: Mutl/li ú w
luna h'a koni ku fal~uS hande liva, our patient is unabic to takc food as
he should.
-feba (febile) ú.i. Lyana. to smoke. to snuff. der. mufebi sifebi syn. -zuba.
-feela conj. oniv .N'i na ni bana ha beheli fee/a, I havc onlx t~so chil-
dren. 5p. exp. Ku hana teela, to refusc ú ithout rcason: kl/ .sebe:a fee/a
to work without pa!: ku ta feela, to give freels. ctc.
-fefuka (fefukile) v.i. to be hlown an a) . fig. exp. .Ve ni ve ni feti/kile
ni kalok(7, I had alreatdy fallen aslcep.
-fefula (fefuxi) v.t. to winnow to fain. rel. -fefulela (fefulezi) to for
someonc. caus. -fefulisa (fefulisize) to ordcr or to help someone to. ins
. -fefulula (fefuluzi ) to w innovt a second timc.
-feka (fekile) v.i. I.uvana. to be sim-ilar to ha\e a resemhhlnce to. to take
aftcr (as a child after his pimcnts ctc. der. sifekiso. syn. -hoza.
-fela (felile) ú.i. to comc to an end. to hecomc finished to run out: to
expire to die: Mu.sehe i u telile, the work is finished: ku felile, it is
fin-ished. it is the end. it is death. sp. eYp~ Ku fela pih/. to lose
one's ternpcr: hurfla ha hu .va teli. eternal life. der. peto bufelo
lifela. kau-fela. rel. -felela (felezi) to end at in or on (a place) I.i(o
-a h/na lifeie-i n/nu n-ila, our food has finished on the N ay. pass -
feles~a (felezvai) to become short of .Vi tele \ri ki nia/i I am short of
money: ku te-lelew ki olata, to be at the end of one's strength: to be
deprived of: Nifele ssi ki hana. I am left without children. caus. -felisa
(felisize) or-feza (felize) to put an end to. (sec. -feza 7
felwani (li-) n. comma (.) syn. koma.
fene! interj. of denial (mostly used by children): Vi niu ku,nile kona ki
fene. hakuna v'a ni file, I did ask him but he did not give me anything
-fenuna (fenuzi) v.t. to strip leaves from a mili7e cob.
-fenya (fenyize) v.t. Sotho. (1) to overcome to conquer. to subdue: luho.vi
h'a fenli-e lila a hae a kutela nina Lealui, having conquered his enemies
Lubosi re-turned to Lealui. (?) to wûrr!' to trouble: Toho i nifenia
hahulu, hea-daches car me out. der. mufenli. sifenyi lufenvo. mafenveho
 stat -fenyeha (fenyehile) to be ovcr-cornc. to be oppressed or pes-tered.
svn -swenveha.
-fepa (fepile) v.t. Sotho. to feed: to keep someonc: .Vi viho/e .va naeto,
H1i hAkuna nil/tl/ ra ni ferea han(te, I am hlBld and there is not ansone
to feed me properly. cf. -uta.
-feta (fetile) ú.t. to stir. to churn (a churning stick etc. . . ): ku teta
niahisi, to churn milk: ku teta nil/lilo to make fire bs friction. der.
Iufeto sifetiso sifetelo. fig. to fcster (ahscess. hoii): ku teta hulalu,
to throh.
-fetuha (fetuhile) v.i. to change. to turn. to be turned into. to be al-
tered: Mutl~ wani na tana kono kavenl( .va fetullile niutimani l a-n/a.sne
that generous person has charlged and is ~er!^ close-fisted today. .V(/ha
kavenl/ ifetuhile, toda! thc countr! has changed. der. petuho petuhelo.
rel. -fetuhela (fe-tuhezi) to turn to. in the direction of: to turn
agair1st to rcsolt. caus. -fetuhisa (fetuhisize) to cause to change. to
ordcr or to help to ~. int. -fetuhelela (fetuhelezi) to change completel}
(mostly for thc worst): red. -fetuha-fetuha (fetuha-fetuhile) to turn over
and over (as a patient in his bed): to chanye one's mind to alter one-s
sasing: Munna la u fetl/ha-letuha feela. this man is alwa!s changing his
mhad. ref. ifetuhela (ifetuhezi) or ipetuhela (ipetuhezi) to turn against.
to rebel: to become enemies. rec. -fe-tuhelana i fetuhelani ) to turn
against to rebel. to become enc-mies. (as ref)
-fetuka (fetukile) ú.t. to search care-fully for SOlilC mislaid article.
-fetula (fetuzi) v.t. (1) to alter: Ba Jetu i nlilao, thcy have amended the
laws. (') to answer: Wena kiEli ha u paleBta ku ni fetula ha ni ku bu.a7
whv can't sou answer me when 1 ask you questions'? (3) to translate, to
interpret: Baluti ba fetu.i Bibele ka Sila-i the Mission-aries have
transl;lted thc Bible bIto Lozi. (4) to turn ovcr: ku fetu/a nania fa
ml/lilo to turn roasting meat: ku fetula niukl/li ta nil/niheta to turn a
patient over in his hed der. mufetuli. petulo. sifetuliso. rel. -fetulela
(fetulezi) to translate into. to interpret for someone. caus. -fe-tulisa
(fetulisize) to ordcr or to hcip to ~. rec. -fetulana (fetulani) to
ans~ser cach other ~ith anger. freq. -fetaula (fetauzi) to chanue. to turn
again and again. (fig) to treat someonc rcuardless of' his wish: t sike
n(l ni t(tal/la e stalo ha ni nil/tm/ga 1s o llao. do not treat me just
as nou like. for I artI not your slave. ref. -lfetula (ifetuzi) or -ipe-
tu/a /spetu:iv to change. to turn oncself into: nil/.shiniani l a u
ipetl/.i sihssaha this boy has turned into a truallt.
-feuka (feukile) v.i. to hurry up. to make haste (vthen walking, travel-iinu)
cf. -akufa.
-feza (felize) v.t. to finish (f'ood. ú ork etc . . .). Iu feli.e nil/vehe i
vvc havc completed the job: kuJe:a taba to conclude. fig. exp. Bulevi hu
le:a hatu withcraft finishes people. der. mufezi, mufelelezi, ma-felelezo.
rel. -feleza If eleli:e 2 to fhaish or appropriate someone-s food or
property etc . . .: Ba nifele-li e likonil/ ca ka nl^saml/laho a litiw /a
n(/ate thes appropriated ms cattle after mn father's death. caus. -fezisa
(fezisize) to cause to ~. int. -fezeleza (fezelelize) or-fe-leleza
(felelelize) to finish, to givc the last touch. to perfect. ku fele-leza
is also used as an adv. mcan-ing: completelv. absolutel!: ku lata nil/tl/
ku felele a to love someone unrescrnedly. rec. -fezana (fezani or
fezanile) to do av a) with each other. ref. -lpeza (ipelize) as rec.
fibele, n. Eng. fever (especialiv ma-laria), a cold in the head.
-fiyela (fiezi) v.t. to sn eep. to clear out: Ve ka ha nil/kea anilinde ku
firela haloi nl\sw naha it ssould he a good thing to clear the land of
sithcraft der. mufiveliq lufivelo. si-fiveliso, mufivelelm fig. to
surpass: .\ina sil(/lia .S'ililo u /ire i ha hanswi kautela, in thc race
Sililo sur-passcd all thc others. rel. -fivelela (fiyelezi) to ~ for
 somcone caus. -fivelisa (fivelisize) to order or to help to _ . ref. -
lfivelela (ifiyelezi) or -ipielela ( ipielezi ) to do one's oxvrl
sxseeping.

fiyelo, n. semicolon (:).

-fifala (fifezi orfifalile) v.i. Sotho. to become dark. der. sififi, kafifi,
lififi. svn. -unsufala.
fifi, n. fist: ku nata ka ffi. to strikc with the fist.
-filiheza (filihelize) v.t. Sotho. to ac-company. syn. -sindeketa.
-filika (filikile) v.i. to go to and fro. to move about (especiaily of a
large number of people).
-filikana (filikani) v.i. to become upset. troubled, agitated (often through
anger)
-filikanya (filikanvize) v.t. to upset people. to cause trouble or dis-cord:
lu.veho lufilikanxa batu, slan-dering causes discord among peopie. der.
mufilikanyi. syn. -kataza, -shupa. undunganya.
-finana (finani) or -fwinana (fwina-nine) v.i. to look with half closed eves.
to have an ugiv looking face. -fipela (fipezi) or -fipelwa (fipezwi) v.i.
to be out of breath. constipate. to be suffocating. caus. -fipelisa (fi-
pelisize) or -fipeza. (fipelize) to put out of breath, to suffocate, to
stifle. fig. to embarrass: Lipuzo za bona za fpeAva. their questions are
embarrassing. ref. -lpipeza (ipipe-lize) fig to hide the truth.
-fita1 (fitile) v.t. to surpass. to exceed, to outdo: Pita úra nifita kew
hutelele, Pcter is taller than 1. The infinitive is commonly used to
express comparison of' adjcctives and adverbs: V(/u l e ki l ende ku fita
lani, this house is better than that: ni lata Nlanibe ku tita Nasilele, I
prefcr Nvalilbc to Nasilele. The superlative degrce is expressed b! the
adverbial phrase 'ka kutitisi.va '. Musali l o ki l oml/nde ka ku
fitivi.va. this woman is thc prettiest of all. rec. -fitana (fitani) to hc
unequal in size or wealth. Ku .vafitana, to be equal.
-fita2 (fitile) v.i. to arrive, to reach, to pass: Mu fitile lili? when did
you arrive" Kutitafa . . . to reach a cer-tain level or height. der.
mufiti. mafitelo. svn. -esha. rel. -fitela (fitezi) (1) to stop at, to be
put up at: Baenl i ha fitezi kai'2 with whom are the visitors stopping?
(2) to be on the way to: Nifitela kwa Mongu, I am on my way to Mongu. sp.
exp. ku fitela kneapili, to go ahead. to go in front of others. kufitela,
until: ku fitela cuwle, until now. pass -fi-telwa (fitezwi) to be
surprised by. to be in receipt of: Ni Jite. t7 ki haenli, I have been
surprised bv visitors, caus. -fitisa (fitisize) to cause to arrive, to
convey, to de-liver: Mu l 'o Jiti.va linolo le k} w heni ha lona, pleasc
deliver this letter to the addressee. rel. -fitiseza (fitise-lize) to
convev or deliver on behalf of: Mu ni Jiti.veze masewbi, a ka kova balili,
please convey my sympathx to the mourners. int. -fitelela (fite-lezi) to
pass through without stop-ping, to go further. fig to be stil-iborn: MHana
u fitelezi, the babv was still-born. rec. -fitana (fitani) to differ. to
contrast, to clash: Mihala l e la fitana, these colours clash. ref. -
lpitela (ipitezi) to pass on.
-fitahanya (fitahanvize) or -fitaha-nyisa (fitahanvisize) v.t. to wear skirts
of uncqual length. to ma-chine irreguhirly in stitching. to make irregular
points when sewi ng.
fo, adv. there: I heefo. put it there: where: Ha ni ibi lo i heil~re tipa, I
do n0t kno~~ where the knife has heen put. sp. exp. fo. ha ni zihi. on
this matter. I have no knowicd,sze'
-focola (focozi) ú.t. to shovel. der. mufocoli, focolo, mufocolelo.
focolo (li- or ma-) n. shovel, spade. (from: -focola)
fohe, conj. and then: U ni ut sve pili. fohe u ta ironela; hear me first. and
then do what you like.
-fokola (fokozi) v.i. to become weak: Mukuli u fokozi hahulu, the patient is
very weak. der. mufokoli. mufokolo, bufokoli. caus. -fokolisa (fokolisize)
to weaken: Butuku hu mufokolisize hahulu, his illness has weakened him a
lot.
-fokoza (fokolize) v.t. see: -fukuza.
fokunwi, adv. sometimes.
-fola (folile) v.i. (1) to become cold. to cool off, to cool down: Mu tuhele
muzilili u Jole, leave the milk to cool: kufolile cssale, it is cool now (
especially applied to the late afternoon); med (2) to recover from an
iliness. to get better: Li-tombo za ka li folile c tWle, the sores I had
are all healed now. caus. -folisa (folisize) (1) to let anything cool
down: Lu sa foli.va lizazi, we are just sitting in the shade till the sun
cools down ... (expression used by traveliers) (2) to cure someone. to
heal: Ni mu alatile. Muliml/ u mu foli.vize, I dressed him, God heaied
him.
foli! adv. exp. indicating fear: N'a bata ku ni /uwni.va kono a sa hona fela
muhulwan'a ka .ve li foli' He wanted to fight me but on seeing my elder
hrother he lost his cour-age. (from: -fola)
folofolo (li-) n. animal. game (mostly applied to hoofed animals) fig. a
person N ithout human quali-ties: Ha ki nil/tl/, ki Jblotolo. hc is not a
human being. he is just an animal. svn. sivamana.
foloko (li-i n. F.ng. a aable fork. syn. tabisa .
-foloma (folomile) v.t. I:ng. (1) to make bricks (2) to supervise labour: Ki
mani kapitao lta mi foloma fa.2 who is the foreman supervising you here?
fig. to manage to give orders: Musali hta hxkeli ku foloma munna hae mwa
lapa a wife ought not to boss her husband in their home. der. mufo-lomi
sifolomiso folomani. rel. -fo-lomela (folomezi) to ~ for some-one. caus. -
folomisa (folomisize) to order to help to ~. ref. -lfolomela (ifolomezi)
to ~ for one's own use.
folomani (ma-) n. Eng. foreman supervisor. (from: -foloma)
-foloza (folozize) v.i. to miscarry to abort (applied only to animals) fig.
to blossom without setting: Mahele a folozize, the kaffir corn has not set
der. sifolozwani.
-foma (fomile) v.i. (1) to breathe with difficulty (as a person suffer-ing
from a chronic chest disease). (2) to puff (as snakes of the adder type)
(3) to puff (as a railway engine).
fomo! adv. exp. indicating exhaus-tion: Mutu zwni u kate. -i u ize Jomo, that
man is not only tired he is ex-hausted '
-fomoka (fomokile) v.i. to be ex-hausted. to be tired out. caus. -fomona
(fomozi) to tire to wear out. pass. -fomolwa (fomozwi): A'i fomozwi ki
mu.vebezi wa ku fuluha, I am tired out by paddling.
fona adv. just. as in the cxpression: Jona fa just there just novt. (see:
hona )
foni (li-) n. Eng. telephone: Kaml/.vo ni ta ku li e-a foni, I shall ring you
up to-morrow.
-fonya-fonya (fonva-fonvize) v.t. to damage: io huild careiessly. syn. -
fwanva-fwanva.
-fonyoka (fonvokile) v.i. to hecome hr~;ised damagcd. hurt: h/taka lo h~
fonrokile, a bruised reed.
-fonyona (fonyozi) v.t. (t) to bruise. to crumple. to hurt: Mu .vuw/e hande
mPl/tl/tl/~ mu .sike mstw mu /o-niona, handle the baby with care lest you
hurt him. (2) to pluck (as ripc bananas f'rom the bunch).
-fopa (fopile) v.i. to become less swollen. to go down, to become detlated:
Sitomho .va hae .vi fopile. his abscess has gone down. fig. to cease
raging, to cool down. caus. -fopisa (fopisize) to reduce a swell-ing. fig.
to calm, to convince some-one.
fope! adv. exp. indicating deflation: Ne h/ laha kono ha lu l 'o kumbuluka
mhola \a h/na ve lifope.' we were playing when we suddenly realized that
our hall was becoming flat.
-fosa (fosize) v.i. to make mistakes. to do wrong, to be guilty: to sin: to
commit adultery: U fo.vi e ku ,amara a .sina situpa, he made a mistake in
going without his Iden-tit! Card: .Vgete u fosize ni musal'a ml/tl/* so
and so committed adul-tery with someone's wife. der. sifosi, foso or poso,
bufosi, mafo-sisa. rel. -foseza (foselize) to wrong someone, to offend: to
sin against: Mu ni ,vasw/e/e ni mifo.velize. please forgive me for
offending you. ku fove.a masife, to outrage. rec -fose-zana (fosezani) or
(fosezanile) to wrong each other. caus. -fosisa (fo-sisize) to mislead. to
cause wrong int-stat. -fosahala (fosahezi or fosa-halile) to hecome wrong,
to be donc wrongly: k'u fovahalile, the mistakc has heen made.
foso or poso (li-) n. mistake. fault. sin (f'rom:-fosa)
-foufala (foufezi) v.i, to become hlhid. to lose one's sight. der. sihofu,
hubefu. caus. -foufaza (fou-falize) to cause hlindness.

-fua-fua (fua-fuile) v.i. (i) to be given to dilatoriness: to be slow when

starth1g a journey. der. Iifua-fua or lifuwa-fuwa. svn. Iiva-liva. (2) to
walk heavily (as s~;meone wcaring many skirts)
-fuama (fuami or fuamile) v.i. (1) to come ashore (as a canoe), to land
sat'ely: Mukolo ú a ka ufi/ami fa li-kamha la Mulumho, my canoc is ashore
at Mulumbo landing place. (7) to become completed (as the hoehig of a
garden): Wima la ka i fi/ami kacenu, today my garden was ploughed up to
the far end. cf. -fweka.
-fuba (fubile) v.i. (t) to remain rax when cooked (as vegetable mar-ros s).
(2) not to grow well (mostly applied to underfed children). (3) to
deteriorate becausc of frost (fruit).
-fubela (fubezi) v.i. to become red (eyes. fruit, sunset etc ...) der.
mafube, sifubelu, caus. -fubelisa (fubelisize) or -fubeza (fubelize) to
cause to ~ Mbututu lo u nifubeli-,vize meto, kacem/ ha ni sika kona
buloko, todav mv eyes havc become red because the baby would not let me
sleep at all.
fubelu, adj. red: li.vila le lifutelu, red cloth: sometimes applied to dark
yello~ and gold: Pondo le fi/heh/, gold coin. (see: mafube bufubelu)
-fufa1 (fufile) v.i. to fly. to travel hs air. der. mufufisi, sifufaeti,
mufufi-sezo, mufufelo, mafufa. rel. -fufela (fufezi ) ( 1 ) to fls to:
Bafi/fezi k; w Luvaka, the\ have flown to Lusaka: (2) to throv dust all
over somcone: C' sike ú a nifulela nzall/li, do not throw dust ail ovcr
me. caus. -fufisa (fufisize) to cause to fl~: to pilot an aircraft. red -
fufisa-fufisa (fufisa-fufisize) to causc hirds to fl! here and there. to
put flight (as when shooting birds) int. -fufelelela (fufelelezi) to fls
awa~; (speaking ot'a croup of birds) red. -fufa-fufa ( fufa-fufile ) to
tly every now and then, here and there. rel. -fufa-fufela (fufa-fufezi) to
fty about. on or at (a place): Mai7uw-lala a fi/fa-fi/fela fa ndl/ la ka.
the crows are fising round the roof of mv house.
-fufa2 (fufile) v.i. to grow thh1: Mua-nana vo u futile hahull/, this child
is very thin. der. kafufeti. syn. -Ivanga.
-fufula~ (fufuzi) v.i. to boil over (as milk). to froth, to bubble up. fig.
to be filled to capacity: k'eleke i te i mane ki l e futi/la ni fa
ml/lom/u thc Church is full to the point of over-flowing into the porch.
-fufula2 (fufuzi) v.t. to blow dust awav. cf. -tutula.
-fufulelwa (fufulezwi) v.i. to be sweating. der. mufufuzo. mufufu-lelwa. syn.
-tengela, -tukutelwa, sh-waluka. fig. to meddle. to hiterfcre
unnecessarily: Wena u fufl/lelaw cuani mw w litaha e si a hao7 w hv do you
interfere in matters which do not concern you?
-fufuluka (fufulukile) ^.i. to sn ell again (as an old sore). syn. -sheshu-
luka.
-fufumuka (fufumukile) v.i. to sn etl (as fish going had). svn. -huhu-muha.
fig. to flare up h; rage.
-fufuna (fufunile) v.t. to sniff around as dogs looking ttor remains of food.
-fufunya (fufunyize) ^.t. to eat (as a horse, a pig etc . . )
-fuka1 (fukile) ú.i. to blo~ (s ind): Mol a u fi/ka hahl/ll/ h(7 h/ na ku
.vi/a kacenl/, the N ind is hlos ing too strongln, so N c shall not cross
the river tod;txs fig to run headlong: Munna l a 11 a n1nta A-i ku fi/t/7
i11gf niora, vthen this man runs he goes like the wi11d. rel. -fukela
(fukezi) to hlow to. h1 the direction of pass. -fukelwa (fukezwi) to be at
ease. to be comfortable: k'l/ fi/-keBtw ki mora, to be refreshed hs a
gentle X ind sp. exp. u fukelwe ki moya mas you enjov good health.
-fuka2 (fukile) v.i. to be moved from the shore: Mukolo u fukile. the CanOe
WLIS blown ot't'-shore.
-fukeka (fukekile) ú.t. to cover with a plate (as a clay pot). to put a grass
roof on a grain-bin. inv. -fukula (fukuzi) to uncover, to take off a lid.
fig. exp. C' sike ta fi/kula fateisi. ki litaba a luna ba habeli fela. do
not reveal anything. it is our secret.
-fukuka (fukukile) v.i. to blow (as a gale )
-fukula (fukuzi) v.t. to raise dust der. kafuko-fuko. fig. (t) to work vers
hard (as women in their fields) (2) to dance vtith passion.
-fukuza (fukuzize or fukulize) v.t. (1) to reduce, to cut down (of expen-
diture). to lighten a load: Lieo ki enl inuani, mu fi/kuze kova batull/hi.
we are short of food. so reduce the number of paddlers. (2) to kili with a
spear, to give the last stroke to a wounded animal. ef. -cokoma. stat. -
fukuzeha (fukuzehile) to be de-creasing. to be reduced
-fula1 (fuzi) v.i. and v.t. to move a canoe from the shore: kl/ fi/la
nil/kolog to set out. to sail.
-fula2 (fulile) v.i. to cease having menses, to be past child-bearing
-fula3 (fulile) s.t. to graze, to t'eed on grass. der. mafulo, mafulelo.
bufulo. fig. exp. IYa h/ .va tokomeli. ha lu na kl/ hu fi/la ml/niasluahm
it' we do not take carc, we shall not see the end ot' the ve.lr lit: v e
shall nor graze) rel. -fulela ifulezi) to graze at or in (a place): Munda
likomu li fulela mwa mishitu, during the fiood cattle graze in forest
areas. caus. -fulisa (fulisize) to tend cattle while grazing. red. -fula-
fula (fula-fulile) to graze here and there for a short while. ref. -
lfulela (ifulezi) to graze without supervision.
fulaha (ma-) n. heap. pile, cord: f.;/laha l~a litapi. a heap of fish: fulaha
la likota, a pile or cord ot' wood. svn. kuba.
fulai (li-j n. Eng. aircraft, (flying machine)
fulalela (fulalezi) v.t. to turn one's back on someone or something: I' sike
wa fulalela ml/tu l'o bulela ni rena, do not turn your back on the person
you are talking to. fig. to forsake, to abandon. pass -fula-lelwa
(fulalezwi) to be abandoned.
-fulama (fulami or fulamile) v.i. (1) to bow down decply. to be hent: SiXwana
sifulami, the caiabash is leaning to one side. (2) to cast spells early in
the morning (bowing forward and naked ac-cording to N ithcraft beliefs).
der. kafulambi, kafulandondo.
-fulana (fulani or fulanile) v.i. ( i ) to gasp for breath as someone on the
point of death. (2) to blow in all di-rections (wind).
fulaulo, n. F.ng. flour.
-fuleka (fulekile) v.t. to incline a container in order to pour out the
content.
fulemu (li-) n. Eng. frame.
-fuluha (fuluhile) v.t. to paddle. der. mufuluhi, sifuluhiso, mufuluhelo.
rel. -fuluhela (fuluhezi) to paddle towards: U .sike waJI/ll/hela nekl/
 lili-linwi. do not paddle on one sidc onls. caus. -fuluhisa (fuluhisize)
to order or to help someonc to padd le.
-fuluhela (fuluhezi) >.i. to move back to the flats after the flood (as
opposed to 'ku-omboka' ); to go down from the forest to the edge of the
plain. caus. -fuluheza (fulu-helize) to cause or to help some-one to move
back to the flats. fig. to wash down food with a drink of water.
-fulula (fuluzi) v.t. see: -fuulula.
-fululela (fululezi) v.t. to string or thread beads: Mu.vizana Iv ufulu-lela
.vifah-a sesinde, this gir1 is making a nice necklace. ssn. -hukela.
-fulumana (fulumani or fulumanine) v.i. to menstruate for the first time, to
attain puberty. (A girl in that condition is called 'mwa-lyanjo' and
during her initiation is said to be: mwa 'sikenge').
-fulumeka (fulumekile) v.t. to turn upside down: ku fulumeka pi,a, to turn
the pot upside down; to cover a vessel with a plate. inv. -fulumuna
(fulumuzi or fulumunine) to un-cover a vessel.
fulumo (li-) n. Iining of a kilt or skirt, lining of any garment.
-fulumuka (fulumukile) v.i. to begin to sound (verb used for royal drums: for
ordinary drums the verb used is: lila).
-fulumuna (fulumuzi) v.t. to start sounding the royal drums: Utua se
hafulumuna maoma, listen they are starting to sound the roval drums.
-fulunyeka (fulunyekile) or-funyeka (funyekile) v.t. to give grudgingis as a
close fisted person.
-fuma1 (fumile) v.t. to own, to pos-sess. Bv extension: to be well off. to be
~ealthy. der. mufumi, bufumu svn. -lua or -luwa. rel. -fumela (fumezi) to
acquire wealth at (a place) or from (a person): Silih) u il'o fumela kea
Bulawal op Sililo has acquircd his wcalth at Bulawayo caus. -fumisa
(fumisize) to causc someone to acquire wealth: Mule-ki.vi l ani ki luna lu
mt/funlisi-es that trader has acquired wealth through our dealing with
him. pass -fumiswa (fumisizwe) to be en-riched by: Mutu a/) ufi/miviawe ki
lftars this person was enriched by tradBlg fish.
-fuma2 (fumile) v.i. to become rusty. to become blunt: Tipa l~a ka i Jumile,
mv knife is blunt. der. mafumi. caus. -fumisa (fumisize) to cause
bluntness: A ni lati kuli u se-helive tira la ka, u ka ifumi.va, I do not
want vou to use mv knife. for you will make it blunt.
-fumana (fumani or fumanile) v.t. (1) to find. to discovcr: Ni fi/mani ngu
zea ka re ne latehile, I have found my sheep which was lost: Ni funiani
haluti ha i/e. I found the teachers alreadv gone. (2) to re-ceive as
payment: Mufumani bukai fa kon1l/ r e ne mu lekiva? how much did vou get
for the cattle you were selling? (3) to give a decision after hearing (a
casc etc . .): Mwa taha mo nifumana kuli vifovi ki mu.vali. i n this case
I find that the offender is the N oman. rel. -fumanela (fuma-nezi) to find
something for some-one: kana a n1l/ koni ku nili/nianela muveke:i ko niu
heleka" can't vou fhad me work with your emploner'9 caus. -fumanisa
(fumanisize) to cause or to help someone to find: to cause someonc to
receine (a zift etc . .) stat. -fumaneha (fumane-hile) to be obtainable:
to becomc perceptible, esident: Li.vila le lifi/-oraneha kai'<shere is
this materkil obtainahie'? ref. -lpumana ( ipumani ) to find out ahout
oneself: Ni ir)u-mana ml/latm I find myscif guilty. rel. -ipumanela
(ipumanezi) to find for oneself, by one's own means

-fumba (fumbile) v.i. to plan. to think over, to consider: Mu.vali lto u

fistha ku la haho unomvaha this woman pians to go home this year der.
mufumbo. svn. -lumba. rel. -fumbela (fumbezi) to threaten, to menace: Na
fumbela ku hulal a mutu, he was threatening to kill someone, rel. -
fumbelela (fumbelezi) to threaten someone: Kiiri s'o nr fumhelela ewalo:'
why do y ou thrcaten mc likc that" caus. -fum-bisa (fumbisize) or-
fumbelisa (fum-belisize) to cause someone to be threatened: Kini .ve si ku
 fumhelisa ku hulala mutu lo? why are you threatening to kill this man?
rec. -fumbelana (fumbelani) to threaten each other.
-fumbata (fumbatile) v.i. to sprout (kaffir corn ctc . . .) rel. -fumbatela
fumbatezi) fig. to grasp in the hand: (' fumbate-iiri mwa licoho? what are
vou grasping in vour hand'? inv. -fumbutula ( fumbutuzi ) to open one's
hand or someone else's hand. int. -fumbutulula (fum-butuluzi) to open the
hand com-pletelv. rel. -fumbutululela (fumbu-tululezi) to open the hand
to. to give w illingly: Mu funihl/tl/lulele ha-hotana ma-oho a n7inafi
open vour hands wide to the poor, give gene-rousiv poor
-fumbuka (fumbukile) v.i. to be hulging. swollen out (stomach. conical trap
filil of fish. etc . . .)
-fumpa (fumpile) v.t. to put all the relish in the pot without keeping anv
ior further use.
-fumpama (fumpami or fumpamile) v.i. to coll;lpse: Bunata h; w mandu a
funl/~anli hakeirisa mola oml/tuna nrakani, manv houses collapsed
vesterday hec;luse of the hurri-cane.
-fumpeka (fumpekile) v.t. (1) to catch birds under whino~sing bas-kets. (9)
to make f'all. collapse.
-fumyana (fumvanile) v.i. to stink. to emit an offensive smell: Se.vifi/-
nriana fa kiiri? what is stinkmg here ? eaus. -fumyanisa (fumyani-size) to
cause an of'fensive smeil.
-funa (funile) v.t. to break into chips (cassava roots. etc . . .): mewnja ua
ku funa. cassava chips. rel. -funela (funezi) to ~ for someone. eaus. -
funisa (funisize) to help to ~. stat-funeha (funehile) to be poundable:
Muanja wo ha u funehi kakuli ha u ~ika onra hande, this cassava cannot be
easilx pounded because it is not quite dr!. syn. -sita stat.
-funda1 (fundile) v.t. to trace aline on the groulid with the foot. der. mu-
funda.
-funda2 (fundile) v.t. to steal some-thing from a relative. (f'ormerls this
was not held as an offence): l' fundile konru la malunrahe, he has stolen
a cow from his maternal uncle. der. mufundi lifunda. rel. -fundela
(fundezi) to steal on some-one-s behalf: Komu le ni i funde.i ku funranela
nawanta ka mali a sikolo, I have stolen this cow in order to pav mv
child's school fees.
-fundela (fundezi) v.t. to trace a line round a wild fruit tree to ensure the
harvest for oneseif. to protect crops from thieves bx means of charms. to
protect landing places from crocodiles. der. mufundeli si-funda. rel. -
fundelela (fundelezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -fundelisa (fundelizise) to
use charms in order to harm people through dif'-ferent means (lightning.
snakes. crocodiles. etc . . .) inv. -fundulula (funduluzi) to remove the
cursc from one ~s ho accideiltalls inter-fered v ith protected crops.

-fundota (fundotile) v.t. to hawk. to trade to peddle. to advertise svn. -

bapaza. rel. -fundotela (fundotezi) to trade on someone's behalf.
-funduka (fundukile) v.i. to set out to go off. to leave: Mu ta funduka ka
nako nrairi? what time will sou set off?
-fundula (funduzi) v.t. to see some-one off. to order or allos someone to
leave to bid fareweil to some-one.
-funga (fungile) v.t. to tie up to bind to fasten: Ml/ X 'ofunga nrana-mani,
go and tether the calves. der. mufungi mufungululi mufungulelo lifungelo
lifunga. cf. -tama. rel. -fungela (fungezi) to tie for some-one or at (a
place). eaus. -fungisa (fungisize) to order or to help someone to ~. int.
-fungelela (fungelezi) to tie up all the cattic for the night. inv. -
fungulula (fung-uluzi) to untie to unbind (cattle.) tva set free.
-fungula (funguzi) v.t (1) to send someone on a speckil errand or service.
(2) to condemn someone to death. (3) to order the slaughter of cattie: Bo
 ndate ha fi/ngu.i kos~zu ~u hona kuli lu i hulaye, my f'ather has ordered
us to slaughter his cow. der. mufunguli.
-funguluka (fungulukile) v.i. to fall (as the belly before the birth of a
child)
-funjela (funjezi) v.i. to eat greCdil! and regardiess of others. der. ma-
funjo nefunjo.
-funkunya (funkunyize) or -funva (funvize) v.t. to chex large mouth-f'ulls of
sof't food (such as svseet-potatoes). der. mafunvangulu.
-funya (funyise) v.i. to loiter. to linger. to paddle lazily: Mu .vike nr^za
fi/nia. a nru hone nu/kolo wa r enr(l do not paddle lazily. Look the
canoe is slowing down. -funva-funya (funya-funvize) to linger about. to
delay. eaus. -funva-funyisa (funya-funsisize) to cause someone to linger
or delay.
-funya2 (funvize) v.t. to masticate.
-funya3 (funsize) v.i. to dance. freq. -funyaka (funyakile) or -funyakela
(funyakezi) to perform anything with great exertion (~ with special
reference to dancing).
-funyuka ifunyukile) v.i. to get bent. deformed (shoes): Silaho va ka si funl
ukile Irahulu, my paddle has got badly bent. spec exp. Litalka la fi/-
niuka kono ha li hvhehi, the reed bends. but does not break. der. sa-
funyuka.
-funyuna (funvuzi) v.t. to bent. to deform to dam;lge. ef. -fonyona.
-funyungula (funyunguzi) or -ifu-nyungula (ifunyunguzi) v.i. to dance. svn: -
bina, -funva
-fupa (fupile) v.t. to strike some-thing bv throwing a stick: to kill with
one stroke (hirds. etc . . .) rel. -fupela ifupezi) to ~ f'or someone: U
ni fi/Ssele nlunmvani lani, strike that hird for me. freq. -fupaka (fu-
pakile) or -fupaula (fupauzi) or ~ repeatedls.
-futa~ (futife) v.i. to begin to deCa!
-futa2 (futile) v.t. (1) to blow: A mu t'o nifuta nrua lfito come and bloz in
mv eve (to remove some foreign matter): ku fi/ta kandela, to hlo~ a candle
out: (2) to blow through a hlocked pipe. rel. -futela i futezi ) to blovs
on behalf of someone. eaus. -futisa (futisize) to help someone to hlow
when unblocking pipes.
-futama ( futami or tutamile ) ú .i. (1) to be in proccss of ferment;ltion
(as grain used in hren ing). (2) to ripcn (as unripe fruit kept under
ground or in thick grass).
-futeka (futekile) a.t. to let ferment ing uraill mautre to put ullripc fruit
undergroulid f'or it to ripen
-futuka (futukile) v.i. to be chaliging position to be chaligilig sides. to
be turned backwards. to be upside down: Muanana vo u Jr/tr/kile ln
nu/nrheta, this child is sleeping the vsrong \ a! round.
-futukela (futukezi) v.t. to turn ag ainst someolic. rec. -futukelana
(futukelani) to turn against each other. ref. ifutukela (ifutukezi) as
ree.
-futula (futuzi) v.t. to reverse the position of to change sides to turn
backvsards or upside down. to turn round: A nu/ fi/ tule nuckolo, turn the
canoe round. fig. (1) to go back on one's exidence (as in the expression:
kututulanza.vina . Iit: to turn the roots up) to put the cart before the
horse. (2) to cast a speil on someone to makc him senseless.
-futumala (futumezi) v.i. to get warm to be snarm: ISarenu kea fi/-tun1ala,
it is warm toda!: nae i a fu-tuma/a, X arm water. der. mufutu-mazi
mufutumala. rel. pass-futu-maleiwa (futumalezwi) to be com-fortably warm:
BuvEhu ha ni vika futumaielwa likuh(y a ka .ve li.vu/~ezi, last night I
was not warm enough for mv blankets have become thin. caus. -futumaza
(futumalize) to warm up: Amu futumaze tubisi, please warm up a little
milk.
-fuulula (fuuluzi) v.t. to kill to finish off ailing stock: to (accidentally)
kill old or infirm people: Pulu ve ha i safola, mu y 'o ifualula, this ox
is unlikely to heal so go and slaugh-ter it: Mu .vike mwa lwani.sa mueenr-
bele vo, rrru ka mufuulula, do not fight with this old man or you might
finish him off. rel.
-fuululela (fuululezi) to ~ for some one. caus. -fuululisa (fuululisize) to
order or to help to ~.
-fuumuka (fuumukile) v.i. to swim fast (fish); to run fast (person) rel. -
fuumukela (fuumukezi) to run fast towards. caus. -fuumukisa (fuumu-kisize)
to cause to run fast.
-fuwa-fuwa (fuwa-fuwile) v.i. to be late in starting a journey. der. lifuwa-
fuwa.
-fuyaula (fuyauzi) or -fuyola (fuyozi) v.t. to bless: Mulimu a mi fuyole God
bless you (refers also to an aged person blessing his or her offsring,
blessing which is usually accompanied by a gentle spitting) der. mbuyoti.
syn. -tohono-lofaza.
-fuyuka (fuvukile) v.i. (1) to be cx-hausted. tircd: (2) to be rcduced hl
hulk as foodstuffs after long cook-ing. caus. -fuyula (fuyuzi) or-fu!u-
kisa ifuvukisize) (1) to exhaust: .Uu.vebe:; wo, u nifulu:i, this work has
cxhausted me. (2) to be able to perfornl a heav~; dut~a Mu.vehe:i uo, ni
uJi/lu:i, I have becn able to finish this difficult work. fig to tame. to
brcak in a strong charac-ter int. -fuyukelela (fuyukelezi) to be
completel! exhaustcd: fig to becomc tractable. tamc (Xnith ref-ercnce to a
wild character).
fuzana (ba-) n. poor. indigcnt person. syn. mubotana.
-fuzela (fuzezi) v.t. (1) to blow the fire: Banana nn/ u 'o fi/:ela n1///i/o
u ka tinza childrcn. go and hlo~ thc fire for it might go out. (2) to
IlliX 'hulache' ~sith milk (as in the ex-precsion: ku fi/:ela huirohe!.
der, mufuzeli. rel. -fuzelela (fuzelezi) to ~ for someolle cuas. -fuzelisa
(fu-zelisize) to order ot to help to ~.
-fwacuka (fwacukile) ú.i. to be rc-ie.lsed. to be sprung (as a snare) Katwn
ka f aeukile. the snare has sprung.
-fwacula (fwacuzi) v.t. to release a snare.
-fwakaela (fwakaezi) v.i. to tramp: H'a na mulalo vakata u twakaela fela inge
nxunl uani. he has no-where to livc and is X anderinrl ahout just like a
hird. der. sifwaku-fwaku.
-fwakuka (fwakukile) v.i. to die (animals): .Vja l a ka i feakukile ms dog
has perished. (This verb is not applied to human beings except in
contempt.)
-fwalinganya (fwalinganyize) or -fwalingela (fwalingezi) v.t. to rum-mage, to
throw things about.
-fwanjingela (fwanjingezi) v.t. as -fwanyaula.
-fwankula (fwankuzi) v.i. to run at full speed. caus. -fwankulisa (fwan-
kulisize) to cause to ~: Se vi mu fuankl/liva eualo kini'i what is making
him run so fast'?
-fwanyafwanya (fwanyafwanvize ) v .t. to d a lilage: h'i nrairi l a f is an !
a-tuanli:e vi:unra va ka7 who has dalilaged my hasket'? syn. -fonya-fonya.
-fwanyaula (fv anvauzi) v.t. to damage. to spoil. syn. -sinva.
-fwanyinga (fwanyingile) or -fwa-nyingela (fwanyingezi) v.t. to scamp
something, to do something carelessl! (in reference to building and
thatching) fig. to give an un-satisfactor! hearillg to a casc: I itaha ra
ka ha li fizamingile ku h00n11/, the hearing of m! case ~XIS purposcls
misman;lged. ssn. -fv anjingela. rel. -fwan~ingelela (fwanyingelezi) to do
;; certaill piece of work carelessl! for some-one.
-fwanata (fwairati/e) ú.1 (i) to hold tightl!, to grip somcolle N ith
both hands: (I .vike wa ni feunata cwalo, do not hold me so tightly: (2)
to heip oneself indiscreetly to some-thing. svn. -fanata.
-fweka (fwekile) v.i. & v.t. to land. to come or to be ashore: Ba lisepe ba
fwekile mahani the paddlers landed yesterday: to bring (a canoe or a
barge) ashore: A mu fweke mukolo kapili kubu ki lteo. quickly bring the
canoe to the shore for a hippo is coming. der. Iifwekelo. rel. -fwekela
(fwekezi) to land at, on: BafuluXi batweke i kwu Mulamba the paddlers have
landed at Mulamba. caus. -fwekisa (fwekisize) to order or to help someone
to land.
-fwempauka (fwempaukile) v.i. to walk hurriedly. rel. -fwempaukela
(fwempaukezi) to walk hurriedly to (a place): Mutu l ani u Juempuu-kela
kai? where is that person hur-ryhig to? caus. empaukisa ( fwem-paukisize)
to cause someone to walk hurriedly.
-fwempula (fwempuzi) v.t. to snatch. to take without permission, to seizc
quickly (as someone out of temper): Ki mairi IU til'o Juen1pula muXuma ua
kafa7 who has taken away my hoe without permission?
-fwifwilikana (fwifwilikanile) v t to act greedilv: Mu sike mew /iviJwili-
kana huhohe ho eualo, mu tshele ni i1ti ahele hona hande don't hurry to
the food like that wait until I givc you vour share. cf: -tubilikana.
-fwisauka (fwisaukile) v.i. to spill (out of): Me-i a mea hemele a fei-sauka,
the water is spilling out of the bucket.
G
g pronounced as 'g' in 'get' In Silozi 'g- always combines with 'n' i.e:
Ngawhela, ngana, ngongo, etc. with a few exceptions for words of foreign
origin.
gauda (li-) n. Afrik. gold. fig. ans tuko. valuable thing.
gavana or gabana (ma- or li) n. Eng. goverrnor (obs)
-gintuka (gintukile) v.t. Toka-l.era. to dance with great exertion
(especially at a beer party). der. mugintuko
H
H h pronounced as in the aspirate 'h' at thc beginning of a word in English
i.e. hand, heaven. etc... In the .ase of adverbs. how ever, such as:
hahulu, ham0ho~ etc . the initial 'h' is hardin audible.
ha! neg. part. not. Ha ni vihi, I do not kno~.
ha2, pref. of adverbs derived from adjectives and numbers: Hande, vvell:
hanata, often: haheli, twice; halalu, three times, etc . ..
ha3, conj. (1) w hen Ha h/ Jlta. w hen ú e arrive: (2) if: Ha ha lata. if
thex like: (3) prefix or úufTix of word.s formilig a collJunction: HaSha,
if, hl case: haisi, except, unless: hai-ali, eversince, never: niha. al-
though. even if: niha ili. kapa . . either . or (after a negation):
neither.. nor..
ha4, interj. of surprise. ah' ha.'
-habalala (habalalile) v.i. to look hungry (a tall person with a fhit
stomach). spec. exp. Ku hahalala n1uaysaka, to look thin and hungrs
altilough ~ell dressed in a suit: to walk with a stoop.
-habelela (habelezi) s.t. to monopo-lise. to clahil a larger share than that
ginen t'rom the estate of a dead relative: to stand for .syn. -amenena.
habeli, adv. twice
habo, adv. (i) at one's home: hako l uhin~ia, at Lubinda's home: u ile haho,
he has gone home, (?) úhabo' combhies N ith emphatic pronouns thus: haho
hma, at our home: habo nlina, at xour home: haho hona, at their holile:
(3) 'habo' combines with possessive pronouns thus uwhaho, halraho, a
relation. relations of his: uahaho h/na. hahaho lIH111, tI rchltion.
rclations of ours. etc . . cf. mwanahabo.
-habula (habuzi) ^.t. to eat (draining liquid from the hand)
habusa, ads. the follox ing da! (re-ferring to the night giving wa! to da~s n
)

hae] (ma-) n. (i) home: .Vi sn kea hae. I am going home: Jolotolo la nlvtn
hae, domestic animal. (9) ad. haesl/, at mx home: haenu, at vour home. (3)
used with possessive pronouns: ú ahe.su, bahe.su, relation. relations of
mine: uahem/, hahenu, reiatioll, relations of yours, etc . . . cf.
mwanahesu. (4) nruae.sl/, nru-haem/. my your companion, felloB worker. (5)
interj. bahesu! I sav' idiom. exp. ku kena n1;z~a hae, to get paid. to
have good luck.
hae2, poss. pron. 3d person singular (class: mu-ba) his. her: .N'ja la hae,
his dog: ml/heleki wa hae, her ser-vant.
hafu (ma-) n. Eng. half: Munitefe/a kea teiri hafi/, give me only half of it.
-hafula (hafuzi) v.t. Fng. to cut in v o: to cut off a piece (of some-thing)
from (something). to reduce. to halve
-hahuha (hahuhile) v.i. to get torn (applied to V oven materials): Baki la ka
i hahuhile, my jacket is torn. ef. -pazuha. freq. -hahaula (ha-hauzi) to
tear to pieces again and agam.
-hahula ( hahuzi) s.t. to tear, to rend. to lacerate: .Vja le i hahu:i henrhe
la ka, this dog has torn ms shirt. ef. -pazula.
hahulu. adv. (1) much: Muluti lo u latew hahull/ ki hatu, this teacher is
much loved hs peopie: too much: l' .silse ua lunga haXull/ li:uai nrew
husunso, do not put too much salt hl the relish: (n) Chicil!^ eSPe"i;ill!'
particularl!: cf. sihulu. (3) When follo~sing all adJective or all adverh.
hahl/ll/ stands for vers: i' seheli:e hande hahl/ll/, he worked v er! well
haiba, conj. if (used in a conditional clausc) Haiha u lata kl/ taha. u
tahe kamuso, if you want to come, come tomorrovv. svn. kaba.
-haila1 (hailile) v.t. to poulid grain quickly.
-haila2 (hailile) v.t. to cause great de-struction (as someone killing many
birds in one shot, or lightning making havoc of cattle, or an angry person
 breaking household goods): Pula i hailile likonru zeirata mu.n mulaka wa
bo ndate, lightning killed many cattle in my father's kraal.
haili, conj. as for, as regards, with regard to: Haili wena u kutele ku eza
cwalo, as far as you are con-eerned you will obviously do the same agam.
-haina (hainile) v.t. Eng. to iron,
haisali, conj. since: Haisali busa, hakuna se ni cile, I did not eat ans-
thing since early this morning. syn. isamba.
haisi, conj. unless, apart. except. then: Hakuna la ka eza cwalo, haivi
sipulunruki, nobody would do so, apart from a stupid person: Haisi wena,
ki munian'a hao' if it is not you, then It is your brother: Hakuna l a ka
kona nru.sebe,i wo, haisi wena, nobody might do that work except you.
-haka1 (hakile) v t Sotho. to forget pass. -hakwa (hakilwe): Ni hakilwe ki
litaba I forgot the matter (The passive form is commonly used )
-haka2 (hakile) v.t. to handcuff: Ki lisholi lo. ha mr/ hakile lisimhi, this
man is a thief. they have hand-cuffed him.
hakakarii adv. Sotho. so much: Ni mu lata hakakani? I love her so much '
hakana adv. so mans times (as shown hy the number of fingers extended): see:
hukana.
-hakanyeha (hakanyehile) v.i. to become confused, mixed up; to come or go at
the wrong time; to be out of time (music) caus. -haka-nyisa (hakanyisize)
to confuse, to embarrass
haketalizoho, adv. five times
-hakuluha (hakuluhile) v.i. to melt (fat, etc ); to thaw (ice, etc ) syn. -
shengunuka. pass. -hakuluhelwa (hakuluhezwi) to get warm
-hakulula (hakuluzi) v.t. to remind someone of a forgotten matter. to correct
someone's misinterpreta-tion: IYi na ya mu hakuluzi, na sa timelezwi sa na
ka bulela; I took him back to the point, for he had forgotten what to say
-hakulusa (hakulusize) v.t. to melt, to warm up.
hakuswani, hakuswanyani, adv. con-cisely, briefly.
-halal (halile) v.t. to rake, to gather sweepings. der. hala. rel. -halela
(halezi) to ~ for someone caus. -halisa (halisize) to order or to help to
~
hala2 (li-) n. rake (from -hala)
-halala (halalile or halazi) v.t. to be discontended with something (in-
adequate wages, rations or bar-gains): Ni halala .sico, I am discontended
with my ration der. muha-lali. caus.
-halalisa (halalisize) to displease, to dissatisfy someone
-halaleha (halalehile) v.i. Sotho. (1) to be holy der. sihalaleo. (2) to Iook
fine (especially of Africans born with a light complexion). cf. -buheha, -
kateleha.
halalu, adv. three times
hali, prep. (1) mwahali, inside. among, between: Mu vo mateha ndu mwahali, go
ar’d plaster inside the house; mwahali a batu, among the people; mwahali
n. mandu so, between those houses (2) fahali, in the middle, across: Mu
pume muluwani fahali a simu, cut the boundary across the garden.
-halifa (halifile) v.i. to become angry, to fly into rage: Mutu yo u halifa
fela, this person flies into a ragc for nothilig der. kalifo. cf. -twima,
-nyema, rel. -halifela (hal-ifezi) to be angry with somcone to be anerv
for some leÀlsoll: Mrr sike nrita rri /urlrfehr el~(r/o~ do not be so
angrv with mc caus. -halifisa (halifisize) to mÀlke someone angrys to
irritate. rec. -halifisana (halifisani or halifisallile) to irri-tÀltC
eÀlch other
-halika (halikile“ ¥.t. to fryv to roast der. mahalikwa. fig. to keep somcone
wÀliting long in thc sun. to work long undel ÀI bÀlkillg SUI1. rel.
-halikela (halikezi) to~ for someone caus. -halikisa (halikisize) to ordcr or
to help someolic to~. fig to cause someolle to wait hl thc ¥un. int. -
halikela (halikelezi) to~ the whole lot.
halimu, adv. (1) kwahalhnrr. above upwÀlrds 'I`alinur kwaluliDnr/, look
upwÀlr(is (if iliside ÀI house ll/Wa-lralhnr/' will be used) spec exp. Ku
felel(/ nilw(ril(rlDnin to be startled (') fall(rlinlrr a on top of
Falr((linru a lilurldl/, oll the sumillit of thc hill: ovcl l/ ni Ive.i
falialinil/. he fell ovel me: tkA) hl addition to fahalimu a ze bulezvvi,
ni sa ekeza taha itinwi: hl additioll to what has heell said. I add yet
another point der. Iihalimu.
halishumi, adv. ten times
-halula (haluzi) v.t.t to speak angrily to someone (as a quick tempcred
person).
-hama (hamile) v.t. to milk. fig. to overcome someone (as in a fight). to
render powerless der. muhami, ilikami, sihameh), kamelo, muha-melo, rel. -
hamela (hamezi) to milk for. caus. -hamisa (hamisize) to order or to help
someone to milk. freq. -hamaka (hamakile) to milk a cow repeatedlya
regardless of its calf inv. -hamulula (hamu-luzi) to milk again. a second
or third thile. syn. -napulula.
hamoho, (1) conj. with Mo y'o leke-hwla lizn(/i ll(lmoho rli nil/lola. go and
huy salt with some soap. (2) adv. together. at the same time: Burl(te ki
ku kalo ll(nnollo ni ha b(l/lWi, the best wav is to beein at thc same time
as others
-hamuka (hamukile) or hamuha (hamuhile) v.i. to get squeezed, wrulig (as wet
clothes) to be emp-tied (ÀIS howels of a slaughtered animal).
-hamula (hamuzi) v.t. to squeeze; to w ring (out). to dischargtz the contents
of: to press heavilv on: Mu vo h((lril/la likubo ze ta/7i.sizlce. go and
wring out the washed: blankets ku h(mil/l(l lel1ll0le. to squeeze lemon
rel. -hamulela (hamulezi) to squeeze for some-one caus. -hamulisa
(hamu(ha-mulisize) to order or to help someone to~. int. -hamulelela (haF
mulelezi) to squeeze thoroughly
hamulahoz adv. afterwÀlrds. later: Ni ka mi bona hamulaho, I shall see you
later. cf. mwamulaho.
-hana (hanile) v.t. to refusez to denv. to disclailil. to resist Ne ey 1(1r(l
kl/ ~s1l/ sil~(ll(l, kosl(7 1/ Il(l/lile; I wanted to marrv het. hut she
re-fused. der. kan›, muhanelo. rel. -hanela (hanezi) to sav no to: to
refuse something from: Ba ml/ h(lriezi kupo laa h(lez they hÀlVC turned
down his request: Mu(ul'(l ka u ni h(lriezi lico m(lharlis IllY child
refused food vesterdav caus. -hanisa (hanisize) to forhid~ to prevent Ki
pula ye rli harlisize ku taha mabarli, rain prevented my coming yesterday.
int. -hanelela (ha nelezi) to refuse definitely. rec. -hanana (hanani or
hananile) to dis-agree with, to dislike each others to be at variance: to
divorce. freq. -hananga to have the habit of re-fusing, of denying. ref. -
ikanisa ( ikanisize) to deprive oneself of something: Mwanana yo u ikanisa
ku ca kakuli u nvemile, this child re-fuses to eat, because he is vexed.
hande, adv. wells rightly, gentlyb etc ... Kunola hande, to write well: Mu
ezize hande ha mu tile kwanu, you were right in coming here: Mu .vwa/e
hande mbututu, hold the baby gently. Ki hande, well done ! Hande-hande or
hande-nde. very well: hande hahulu, beautifully, perfectly.
hane, adv. four times.
-hanelela (banelezi) v.t. (1) to stick to, to persist against opposition Yena
mwa bupaki bwa hae u hane-lezi mwa niti, when giving evidence he stuck to
the truth (2) to refuse definitely. caus. -haneleza (hanele-lize) to cause
someone to stick to something, to constrain someone
-hangula (hanguzi) v.t. to drink beer syn. nwa, kokola.
hanu, lihanu (ma-) n. the inside of the mouth; mwahanu, in the mouth: U .vike
wa ni kena mwahanu, do not interrupt me while I speak
-hanyeza (hanyelize) v.t. to oppose, to disapprove, to disagree, to pro-test:
Na na hanyeza mwa miFupulo ya mina, I myself disagree with your views der.
muhanyezi, ka-nyezo, mahani or mahanyi.
hanyinyani, adv. a little, sparingly, nearly: ku tusa han! invani, to give a
litile help: hanyinvani ni holofale, I nearly got hurt.
ha–ata, adv. many times, often, generally. neg. / vi hanata, seldomb rarely.
ha–wi, adv. once. Ni i ezize hanwi, I did it once
-hapa (hapile) v.t. to capturez to conquer! to despoil: Sapili Malozi ne ba
hapanga likomu ni batus for-merly Malozi used to capture cattle and
slaves. der. muhapiz mu-hapiwa! mahahapa. fig. to find out by spying, to
acquire knowledge of: Ku hapa miFupulo ya batu. to find out people's
intentions, rel.-hapela (hapezi) to take from, to capture: to acquire for:
Ba lu hapezi likomu za luna ka bu–ata, they have captured a lot of cattle
from us; u hapezi bana ba hae liluo leli–ata, he has acquired great wealth
for his children caus. -hapisa (hapisize) to assist in cap-turing; to
cause people and cattle to be captured int. -hapelela (ha-pelezi) to
capture the lot stat ¥ig. -hapeha (hapehile) to become con-vinced: Ni
hapehile ka manzwi a' bulezi mutu yo, I am convinced bv what that man said
hapeha also means to get addicted to.
hape, adv. again, a new: hape ni hape, again and again.
-hapeleza (hapelelize) or-hapilikeza (hapilikelize) v.t. to compel, to force,
to constrain: Mu sike mwa ni hapeleza ku nyalwa ku munna ve ni .va /ati,
do not force me to marry a man I do not love. der. kapelezo. syn. -
subalala, -subama. ref. -ikapew leza (ikapelelize) to force oneself to do
something,
-hasa (hasize) v.t. to sow by throw-ing seeds all over a garden:
to broadcast seeds all ovcr k'umu.sa ni I (* hasa mahele nrua .sinu/ l a
ka, to-morrou I an1 going to sow kaffir-corn in mx mirdcn. fig. to spread
neus. rel. -haseza (haselize) to ~ for some011e caus. -hasisa ( hasi-size)
to order or to help someonc to ~. int. -haseleza (haselelize) to sou all
the seeds. freq. -hasaka (ha-sakile) fig to spread neus rcpcat-cd i!
-hasana (hasani or hasanile) v.i. to dispersc: to become scattered ias people
aftcr a galtherilig. or cattle . ) fig. to be spreadhag (news. rul11ors,
etc . .) rel. -hasanela (ha-sanezi) (1) to run aw;ly (from): Bana ha hae
ha nrl/ ha.sane:i, his childrell have deserted him. (2) to sc;lttcr in or
to: Bahe.su kau/ela ha ha.iane i wszuw njanji, all my rela-tions have
scattered along the iinc of rail. pass-hasanelwa (hasanezwi) to be
ab;lndoncd. deserted bv. int. -hasanelela (hasanelezi) to become
colilpletely dispersed. ref. -lkasa-nela (ikasanezi) to be dispcrsing in
or to (in reference to a vill;lge commilnitv uhose members arc deserting
OWilig to discord).
-hasanya (hasansize) v.t. to dis-perse, to publi;h fig. to spread (neus) f;lr
and u ide.
-hasula', (hasuzi) v.t. to strike. to beat uitll a canc.
-hasula2, (hasuzi) v.i. to hurry (as somconc sel1t on urgcnt business): Ml/
ha.u/le leela, nrl/ ,sike mea keh/-lrela kol~-uinsi. go straight to yollr
destill.ltioin do not go ;lnyuhere ()Llt ol' \ otlr \\r;1\.
-hata (hatile) v.i. & ú.t. to tread. to set the foot doun: to ualk on
s.ll11;1N.1 h.lilde vI k~l h.lt;l biltl~. x~.tlh .alefulln lest you tread
on peopic's tocs der. muhato. muha-telo. fig. to overcol11es to beat.
to surpass: ,11u a ta(ubo la luna ki na ra ha hatile unonrlfwh(ls m our
exan1ll1-.ltion I beat them all this vear. caus. -hatisa (hatisize ) (1)
to cause someone to tread or turn over: l' anraise hande u ka hati. a hatu
nrota, drive slou Iy lest you rul1 over pcopic. (') to print (see: -
hatisa) int. -hatelela (hatelezi) fig. (1) to beat completely: Yena u ha
hatele:i kal/Jela msca .s-itopa sa hona, he zot the best rcsults of all h1
his Ci;lSS: (2) to 'boss- someone: Na ha ni lati nrl/.sali ku ni hatelela,
I don't likc to be 'bossed' by a uoman. rec. -hatelana (hatelani) to
become pressed (doun), rammed: Bupi hu hatelsmi mea ,si:uma, thc mealie
 me;ll has been pressed doun in thc basket. freq. -hataka (hatakile) or -
hatikela (hatikezi) to tread under fo ot ag;tin and again. syn. -lyating-
ela.
-hatisa thatisize) to print. der. mu-hatisi, katiso. muhatisezo. rel. -hati-
seza (hatiselize) to print for some-one or for some rc;tson.
-hauhela ( hauhezi ) v.t. Sotho. to h;tve pity UpO11. to forgive. der. muhau.
syn. -shemuba. cf: -swalela.
-hazela (hazezi) v.i. Sotho. to become cold: h'avenu milkl/li u ta ha:ela ml/
nrl/ te kuho sa huheli, to-day the patient u ill feel the cold. so give
him an extra bianket. der. muhazela. cf. -bata. caus. -hazelisa
(hazelisize) to causc someone to be cold.
-heba ihebile) s.t. to start to cut a neu forest gardell. svn. -shendeka.
rel. -hebela (hebezi) t;) ~ for somc-one. caus. -hebisa (hebisize) to
hcipt() ~.
-heha-heba iheba-hebile) v.i. to run aroulid (as a uem;ll1 rcjoichig or in,
distress . . or as a cou looking for its c;llf) der. muheba-hebi. rel. -

heba-hebela (heba-hebezi) to run somewhere: komu lani i heha-hehela kuw

mulaka ku nruan'a lona, that cow is runl1ing to the kraal. to her calf.
caus. -heba-hebisa (heba-hebisize) to causc someone to ~
-hela ( helile ) or -hela-hela ( hela-helile) or -helana (helani) or -helima
(helimile) or heluma (helu-mile) v.i. to rambic. to wander about u ithout
purpose. der. muhela-heli, mahela, mihela. caus. -helisa (helisize), -
hela-helisa (hela-helisize), -helanisa (helanisize), he-limisa
(helimisize), -helumisa (helu-misize) to cause someone to ~.
-helula (heluzi) v.t. to remove thc-decayed part of a fruit beforc eating.
-hema (hemile) s.i. to ualk fast. syn. -akufa. rel. hemela (hemezi ) to hurry
to, to hasten to caus. -hemisa (hemisize) to cause some-one to ~
hembe (li-) n. Afrik. shirt hemele, lihemele (ma-) n. bucket. pail.
-heta (hetile) v.i. (usually -iheta (ihe-tile) to turn the hcad backuards. to
look behind. svn. -setuka, -temuna.
hewa! hewa-hewa! interj. of jon (as whcn someone finds something that uas
lost or wcicomes a child home).
-hobeka (hobokile) v.i. to simulatc fear and run (as children at pias): to
flee in fcar of someone syn. -saba. rel. -hobokela (hobokezi) to flee to .
int. -hobokelela ( hohoke-lezi) to run away for good.
-hoha (hohile) v.t. (1) to pull. to dretu (a sledge. ctc ...) to haul (up): A
nrl/ hohe nrr/kolo. haul up the canoe. der. n1uhohis mahoha, si-hohiso,
sihoho, kohano. (') to inhale (as snuff or hemp): to drink beer heartily.
(3) to attract. to fascinate: Ya na ni .srshenro kanlita u hoha hatl/, a
kind heart alu ays at-tracts people. rel. -hohela (hohezi) to pull
touards: to pull for SOlilC-onc: Hohela nil/krvio kuw likanilel. haul thc
ca!10e to the shorc: }'a ni Irohela lie(v ra ka kea h~/e lV; nrairi'< ho
::al1 bring mc mn crop homc on thc sledge'? caus. hohisa (hohisize) (o
order or to hcip someone (o pull. fig. to entice. to lurc. int. -hohelela
( hohelezi ) to pull completely (;ts a canoe agroulld). to catch up with.
to spccd touLtrds to ovcrtake: Mu hone Ikeena lani 1 e hohelela kuw
likonrl/. look at that crocodile catching up with thc cattic (crosshig a
rixer). rec. -hohana hohani or . hohanile) to pull from oppositc sides as
in a tug-ol'-war: (fig) to contest. freq. -hohaka (hohakile) to pull. to
drag rcpcat-edl~. inv. -hoholola (hoholozi) to pull bx thc halid as
someolle un-wilih1g to submit: (refcrs aiso to a dog dragging a prey with
its mouth ).
-hohela (hohezi) v.t. to brh1g a skirt or an Africall kilt to thc desircd
sizc at thc uaist.
-hohoha (hohohile) v.i. to cra~l. to cretp, der. sihahahi. svn. -kalaha. rel.
-hohobela (hohohezi) to craul touards caus. -hohohisa (hohohi-size) to
cause to crawl
-hohoma ( hohomile ) ú .i. to be hoarsc der. mahohoma. svn. -silela, -
silelwa.
-hoifa (hoifile) ú.i. to restrail1. to control. to contain oneself' in a rc-
spcctful manner: to curb one's tongue caus. -hoifisa (hoifisize) to c;luse
to ~.
-hola1 (holile) ú.t. (1) to take uhat littic food remains in a pot or platc:
Mu fe hanana ha hole ta mikeke. let the children eat what remailas on the
plates. der. muholi. (2) to rcccive one's wages: Ni holile nrali a ka
niahani, I received mx pay yesterday. (3) to draw food ra-tions: Lu ka
hola sico kaniu. o. we shall draw our food ration to-morro\A. (4) spec.
exp. ku hola ml/tl/, to kill someone hl an ob-scure way lit. to take his
soul out of his body) (withcraft). der. muhole. svn -tukula, -vomona. -
komba. rei. -holela (holezi) (1) to eat left-overs (as children eating
food ieft by parents) (2) to draw money or rations for someone. caus. -
holisa (holisize) (1) to order or to heip someone to gather re-mains of
food, to leave food on the PI<ltc for someone (2) to pay wages. to issue
food rations. syn. -luela. int. -holelela (holelezi) to finish up what
remains (of food. etc . . .).
hola2 (ii-) n. Eng hour. (Rare) svn. nako.: Ki lihola ce kai ku zuu kuw
Senanga ku ya kea Mongu ka mota? ho~s many hours does it take from Senanga
to Mongu by car?
-holofala (holofezi or holofalile) v.i. (i) to get hurt: L'sike uu hapali.sa
til7a u ka holofala, do not play with the knife or you will get hurt: (2)
to become maimed, infirm. crippled. der. sihole, buhole, kolo-falo. rel. -
holofalela (holofalezi) to get hurt at (a place) U il'o holo~a-lela k)ra
mikoti, he got hurt at the mines. caus. -holofaza (holofalize) or -
holofalisa (holofalisize) to hurt someone: to cause something to hurt
someone. (see: -holofaza) int.
-holofalelela ( holofalelezi ) to become completely impotent or crippled
-holofaza (holofalize) v.t. to hurt someone: Ni mu holofali:e ka tira.
i hurt hhn with a knife. der. kolo-fazo. rec. -holofazana (holofazani or
holofazanile) to hurt each other. ref. -lkolofaza (ikolofalize) to hurt
oneself: Ni ikolqtalize kuw mun-usna, I have hurt my finger.
-holoha (holohile) v.i. to come home (as cattle in the evening). fig. to pass
away (as someone dving of old age). syn. -kuta. caus. -holohisa
(holohisize) or -holosa (holosize) to drive cattle home in the evening.
hona', adv. right, just: Ki hona, it is all right; hona la. JUst here, just
now, hona fo. just there, at that verx moment.
-hona2 (honile) v.i. to snore to growl (dogs): to grunt (pigs). der. muho-
nyi. rel. -honela (honezi) to growl at. caus. -honisa (honisize) to cause
to snore: to cause to growl. ref. -ihonisa (Ihonisize) or-ikonisa (iko-
nisize) to pretend to snore: Ba iko-ni.sa, ha ha sika lohala, thev are
pretending to snore, they are not asleep.
-hona3(honile)v.t.toweaken,topull down, to reduce someone to noth-ing: Butuku
bu nru honile, his illness has reduced him to nothing. stat.
-honeha (honehile) to become very low, to be past recovery. too far gone.
-honona (hononile) v.i. to be dissat-isfied. caus. -hononisa (hononisize) to
cause someone's dissatisfaction
-honyela (honyezi) or -honyeza (ho-nyelize) v.i. to withdraw the head
(tortoise).
hopani1 (li-) n. iguana. syn. mbulu.
hopani2 (li-) n. thick-leafed forest plant used as relish by Toka-Leya
people.
hotela (li- or ma-) n. Eng. hotel.
-hotola (hotozi or hotolile) v.i. to cough: v.t. to expectorate. der. si-
hotolwa. rel. -hotolela (hotolezi) to cough towards someone. caus. -ho-
tolisa (hotolisize) to cause to cough.
-hoza (hozize) v.t. to be hke some-one, To have a resemblance to ~;omeone, to
take after someone (as a child after his parents): Mwa-nana ko u hozize
kuku uu hae, this child resembies his grandfather. der. sihozo, sihoziso.
syn. -feka.
hu! interj. used by someone lost in the forest.
-huba (hubile) v.i. to walk noisily (as people or cattle hurrying together to
some place).
-hubulula ( hubuluzi ) v.t. to scold someone violently. syn. -hupa. -hu-
hubala (huhubalile or huhubezi) v.i. to get out of shape, to become de-
formed by dryness (as a hide or a skin still unscraped). der. muhu-hulu.
caus. -huhubalisa (huhubali-size) to cause to ~.
-huhula1 ( huhuzi ) v.t. ( i ) to gather to-gether sweepings, dead leaves or
rubbish. der. muhuhuli, sahuhula. (2) to take everything away: Musal'a ka
u huXuzi liapalo za hae kaufela rnua ndu. my wife has taken away all her
clothes from my house. rel. -huhulela (huhulezi) (i) to gather sweepings
for some-one: (2) to take away from some-one. caus. -huhulisa (huhulisize)
(I ) to order or to help someone to ~. (2) to order someone to take awas
everything int. -huhulelela (huhule-lezi) to gather up everything: to take
away everything.
-huhula2 (huhuzi) v.i. & v t to hark (at) to howi: rVja i huFl/la ngu e. the
dog is barking at the leopard. der. sahuhula. cf. -caula. rel. -huhulela
(huhulezi) to bark in or at (a place). caus. -huhulisa (huhulisize) to
cause to ~.
-huhumuha (huhumuhile) v.i. to swell to rise (as dough containing ieavel1).
der. muhuhu. svn. -fufu-muka. fig. to flare up in ragc. caus. -huhumusa
(huhumusize ) to causc to ~.
-hukela (hukezi) v.t. to thread a needle to string heads. fish etc . . . der.
muhukeli. syn. -fululela. fig. (i) to squeeze someone under the arm: (2)
to come first to surpass all others. rel. -hukelela (hukelezi) to ~ for
someone. caus. -hukelisa (hukelisize) to order or to heip someone to
~. int. -hukelelela (hu-kelelezi) to thread or to string thc whole lot.
-hulal (hulile) v.i. (1) to grox . to become tall to become of age: Mbon~i
hula hande nrwa mazulu, maize grows weil on the mounds: nrutu wa hulile.
adult. an adult persor. (2) to be great old: Ba hulile .se li nradala.
they are ad-vanced in years. they are alreads grey-heards. der. buhulu
buhulo kuliso kulo. rel. -hulela (hulezi) to grow up to be brought up at
or in (a place): U Srulezi kai" where have vou been brought up" caus. -
hulisa (hulisize) (1) to bring up. to edu-cate: [' huli.sizwe ki kuku wa
hae, he was brought up by his grandfather: (2) to raise to a higher
position: (3) to enlarge. fig. to exaggerate: Ba hulivi:e fela litaba ka
buhata, thes falsely cxaggerated the matter. rel. -huliseza (huliselize)
to bring up for someone.
-hula2 (hulile) v.i. to fornicate iespe-cially of women). der. Iihule.
buhule.
hule adv. & interj. (always pre-ceded by 'kwa') (i) A'uaXule P'.lr: ki
uakhu/e, it is far: kwahule ni, far from. (2) (interjection of dendil):
not at all: Ki keaXule. ha ni na ku ku Ja ezul(7, not at all. i shall
not givc xou alivthing like that' der. huhule, muzwahule.
hulu, adj. old, great, importal1t. paralmoLIlit: ,l.lutu lonil/hulu. an agcd
or h1lportalit person: Mu/ena lonnalrulub the Paramount chief: halu ha
hakuhn the adults. der. huhulu, muhulwani,
-humalela (humalezi) v.t. to seizc someone ~sith both halids.
-hupa1 (hupile) v.t. to sip, to taste caus. -hupisa (hupisize) to give
someolne a sip. rec. -hupisana (hu-pisani or hupisanile) to sip from a cup
 gOb1g round. leaving enough for others. freq. -hupaka (hupakile) to sip
novs alid again.
-hupa2 (hupile) v.t. to insult. to abuse. svn. -huhulula.
-hupula (hupuzi) ú.t. (1) to think. to ponder. to consider: Mu hupula cuairi
niza raha le "what do you think of this" (2) to thhak of, to rc-melilber:
k.'u,l7a la nrina ni sa i hupula. I stili remember your re-quest. (3) to
intend to: Mununl-uwha ni hus7ula ku zaha ndu s etuna, it is my intention
to build a large house this year. (4) to go to: Mu hu/uxia kai'9 \ here
are you going" lit where do Eou intend to go?) Ni hupula kua Mangu, 1 am
going to Mongu. der. kupulo, muhupulo, kupuzo. rel. -hupulela (hupulezi)
to thh1k of someone or of something with a definite intention: Ku hurJu-
lela nustu bumamee. to mistrust, to suspsect: to have esil designs against
somebody. caus. -hupulisa (hupulisize) to remind. rec. -hupuli-sana
(hupulisani) to remind each other. rec. -hupulana (hupulani) to visit or
to help cach other. reF. -ikupula (ikupuzi) to reflect. to con-sider, to
make up one's mind. rel. -ikupulela (ikupulezi) to conceive, to imagine
things b) oneself. caus -ikupulisa (ikupulisize) to remind oneself. to
take the initiative.
-huta (hutile) v.t. to scrub. to rub hard: Mu hute fa tafi~le. scrub the
table clean. fig. to beat someonc with a stick. rel. -hutela (hutezi) to ~
for someone. caus. -hutisa (huti-zise) to order or to help someone to
~. fre4. -hutaka (hutakile) fig to beat repeatedly.
-hutuza (hutulize) v.t. to earn a hirge sal.lry: Naza u hutu:a mali a mairata
ka musebeei uu hae u a bululli, Nawa makes lots of money as a con(ractor.
-huwa (huwile) v.i. & v.t. to shout. to call (as someone in need of help): ku
huvsu mutu. to call some-one with a loud voice. der. muhuwo, muhuwelo,
sihuwo, kakuwa. syn. -shaela. rel. -huwela (huwezi) to call loudly on
behalf of someone. caus. -huwisa (huwisize) to cause someone to shout.
-huweleza (huwelelize) v.t. to pro-ciaim. to give public notice (as a
touncrier) der. muhuwelezi, muhu-welezo, muhuwelezezo. rel. -huwele-zeza
(huwelezelize) to call Ver! loudly on someone's behalf.
-hwala-hwala (hwala-hwalile) v.i. to be restless (as a cou about to calve or
as someone iooking for food uhen starving).
-hwasa (hwasize) v.i. to be coarse. gritty (as 'huhobe' made of badlx sifted
meal): Buhobe bau hake.sha bau heusa n1uahanu, red millet 'buhohe' is
gritts in the mouth.
-hwaya (hwaile) a.t. to leave a rough track b} pushing down tall grass or
reeds as cattle returning to the fhits or canoes cutting through grass
patches) syn. -faya. fig. to have a big stomach. always being hungry.
stat. -hwaveha (hwavehile) to be V ide (as a track) fig to have an empty
stomach.
-hwela (hwezi) v.t. to cover. to mate (in reference to a bull) pass. - hwelwa
(hwezwi) to be covered. to be mated (as a cow)
-hs iliva (hwili~ile) v.i. to go to al1d fro(as a croud on the occasion of a
public function).
-hwimukela (hwimukezi) ú.t. see: -wimukela.
I
Note: Rellexive verbs formed with prefix 'i' are not included here. They will
be found under the verbai root, e.g. itusa appears under-tusa, ipona
under-bona, etc ... It should be noted however that in many reflexive
verbs a change takes place in the first con-sonant, as follows:
b becomes p. e.g. bona, ipona
f becomes p. e.g. fetula, ipetula
l becomes t, e.g. Iata, itata
h becomes k. e g. holofaza, ikolo-faza
y becomes k or c, yaha, ikahela or icahela
Before an initial vouel, 'k' is in-serted, e.g. -eza, ikeza
I, i7, pronounced as the 'i' in Ir. 'milk' etc . . . ('i' is never long as in
'fine').
i2, pron. subj. and obj. uith words without a prefix. which have the plural
in li- (class (i) - li-). it: .Z\_ama i tula hahulu. meat (it) is very ex-
pensive: lu i eile kautela. we have eaten it all.
i3, Prerix used with transitive verbs to give them a reflexive meaning Ku
iziha, to know oneseif. See note above .
-ibalabata (ibalabatile) v.i. to trv hard to find mone) to make an urgent
purchase or payment. syn. -ipatapata.
ibalelo, n. I.uvana. used h1 the ex-pression: Ba ihnlela, people of today:
hana ha ihalelo ha ha ului, the vouth of today are deat' to good advice.
ibe, conj. and then, when: ... ihe nena a sin'o utew eua/(), .sa nie-nia, . .
. and then. as soon as he heard this. he becarue furious.
ibo, eonj. but. houever syn. bo.
-icatela (ieatezi) v.i. to refrain fron eath1g because one is full.
-icocomeza (icocomelize) v.i. to in-troduce oneself u nexpectediv into a
house. to intrude syn. -lpolyo-meza.
-icoleta (icoletile) v.t. to tie a piece of material (mulepu) round the
waist.
icolwamuywandi (bo-) n. kind of small tree (hard to break).
iconga (icongile) v.i. to disappear without leaving a trace syn. -yonga fig-
-icuca (icucile) v.i. to light upon, to come across. to happen on some-thing:
Ha ne ni vanrala mea mu-shitu .ve ni uo ic7~ea ta tau, kono la tokwa ku ni
lwanzva, when I was walking in the forest I came across a lion. but it did
not attack me.
-iculula (ieuluzi) v.i. to disappear for a long time. sen. -lewanka, -
cwankama.
-icumba (icumbile) v.i. as -iculula.
-icunduta (icundutile) v.i. to long for: to be envious of (something)
-icwanka (icwankile) v.i. to disap-pear for a long time syn. -cwan- kama, -
iculula.
-ifuta (ifutile) v.i. to refuse to have anything to do with evil. der.
buifuti, buifuto.
-iheta (ihetile) v.i. to turn the head back syn. -heta, setuka, temuna.
-ikaca (ikacile) v.i. to be arrogant. der. muikaci, muikaco, buikaco. rel. -
ikacela (ikacezi) to look down on someone: U sike ua ikacela na, don't
iook down on me.
ikacana (bo-) n. Luyana. stormy rain.
-ikala (ikalile) v.i. Luyana. to sit down.
ikale, adv. Iong ago, formerly. Baikale. ancestors. syn. kale.
-ikalelwa (ikalezwi) v.i. see: -kalelwa.
ikalunda, n. phitforn1 in the Kuta where the Litunga and important guests sit
-ikambaeta (ikambaetite) v.i. to forestall. to be before hand: Na ikanrbaeta
pula i sika nela kale. I must go before it rains. syn. -itahanela.
-ikambusa (ikambusize) v.t. see: -ambuka.
-ikamula (ikamuzi) v.i. to rain lightly to drizzle.
ikamunga (bo-) n. a large male wildebeest. cf. kokunu.
ikandulwa (bo) n. champion. someone who cannot be overcome (from:-kandula).
-ikangabeka (ikangabekile) v.i. to be proud. to pride oneself on something to
boast of one's exploits: to be self-sufficient syn. -
ikuhumusa.
-ikanyisa (ikanyisize) v.i. to be impertinent. der. buikanyiso.
-ikashula (kiashuzi) ú.i. to laugh. to be joyful. to be delighted. freq. -
ikashaula (ikashauzi) to show one's delight by laughing
continually.
-ikata (ikatile) v.i. Only used in the expression: ku ikata makata to sit
cross-legged.
-ikatulusa (ikatulusize) v.i. see -katuluha.
-ikebula (ikebuzi) v.i. see: -yebula.
-ikembeka (ikembekile) v.i. to lean forward in order to hear a conversation.
cf. -embama.
-iketa (iketile) v.i. to be well, at ease: to be comfortable. having no
troubles: to do things without hurrv. der. buiketo. see: -keta.
-ikimela (ikimezi) v.i. ( i ) to walk with difficulty (as a fat person); (2)
to mate with difficuity on account of stoutness (a bull).
-ikokotola (ikokotozi) v.i. to encourage oneself; to become stronger.
syn. -ltiisa.
-ikokoteza (ikokotelize) v.i. to get up by making an effort of will.
syn. -kokotoka.
-ikola (ikozi or ikolile) v.i. to enjoy something to delight in (applied to
abundant food. entertainment travel, etc . . .).
-ikumba (ikumbile) v.t. to envy. to be envious of someone: to be
enviable:spec. exp. Waikumbangetela fumani musebezi' that man who found a
job is enviable!
-ikumbuta (ikumbutite) v.t. to feel envious towards to desire: U sike
wa ikumbuta lika ve kwahule ni wena, don't desire things which you cannot
afford.
-ikumusa (ikumusize) or-ikuhumusa (ikuhumusize) v.i. to pride oneself on
something to be proud to boast of one's exploits der. muikumusi, uikumuso.
syn. -twanga, -ikangabeka, --ikunga. rel. -ikumuseza (ikumuselize) to be
arrogant to someone.
--ikunga (ikungile) v.i. to be arrogant. der. buikungo. syn. -ikumusa,- -
twanga .
ikushenge (bo-) n. Iargc .seo fish living in deep waters.
-ikwangela ( ikwangezi ) v.i. to try hard to clear oneself from the charge of
a fault or crime to defend oneself
-ila, ( ilile) v.i. (1) to observe a taboo: Ba ilile bueuala nreu ndu aa
bona. they have tabooed beer in their home. (2) to hold someone in awe.
der. mwila cf. -tilula. rel. -llela (ilezi) to observe a taboo on behalf
of someone (as a mother with regard to her baby) caus. -llisa ( ili-size)
to cause someone to observe a taboo. int. -llelela ( ilelezi ) to place
someone under a taboo for ever. rec. -llana (ilani) to hold each other in
aze. ref. -lkila (ikilile) as rec.
-ilama (ilami) v.t. to lie heavils upon (as a serious illness): Butuku bu mu
ilami, his illness keeps him down. der. Iilami.
-ileka (ilekile) v.t. to put a heavs weight on (shoulders, scale etc . . ) -
ilela (ilezi) v.i. (1) to remain absent a long time. (2) to be left
unculti-vated.
-ilembeka (ilembekile) v.i. see: -lem-beka.
ilia or ilva. n. beverage made of mealie meal and sour milk.
-iliateta (iliatetile or iliatetite) v.i. see: -liateta.
ilingunga (bo-) n. someone cheating cieverly in order to steal. (from: -
ngunga ).
-ilukelekele or silukelekele (ho-) n. black-sn1ith Ploter Ibirdl
-ilundumuna (ilundumuzi) v.i. see: -itundumuna.
-ilungangami (bo-) n. person shivering. (froril: -ngangama)
-ima, n. mo her. my mother. (same as 'me') This noun is often used when
askilig for sornething.
-imayala (bo-) n. an unlucky person who always comes back cmptyhanded from
fishing or hunting, etc . . . cf. maiba.
-imayumba-yumba (bo-) n. Luyana a prodigal person. squandering money or goods
on others. (irom: -yumba ).
-imayumbula (bo-) n. a hospitable person welcoming guests with gifts of iood.
(fron1: -vumbula).
-imbimba (imbimbile) v.i. to eat or drink grecdily regardiess of others. -
lmbotisa (imbotisize) v.t. to drink beer without stopping.
-imela (imezi) v.t. (work or people) to be hcavv on someone; to be too heavy.
too difficult for somcone: Musehe.i uo ua lu imela. this work is too heavy
for us. pass. -lmelwa (imezwi) to be overwhelmed. caus. -lmeza (imelize)
to lie heavily upon someone, to overburden someone. ins . -lmulula (
imuluzi ) to relieve someone of a burden. rec. -lmulu-lana ( imululani or
imululanile ) to help each other out of difficulty. cf. buima.
-imema (imemile) v.i. to eat without haste, at one's ease.
imilema (bo-) n. Luvana. night policeman in 'milenerii; member of the
Litunga's body guard. syn. Ii-kunda-kundi.
imilombwe (bo-) n. sharpened pole of 'i ~ubwa' tree, used to fence the
Litunga's vard.
imukuka (bo-) n. Luyana. a slovenls pcrson, dirty in dress and slipshod in
work (especiall) a woman).
imulepu (bo-) n. Luyana. a bearded man .
imuluka (bo-) n. a very long and well made chieSs mat.
-imulula (imuluzi) v.t. to relieve someone in difficult~. to help someone in
hardship. syn. -yamun-wena, -unela, -lamulela. rec. -imulu-lana
(imululani) to heip each other in hardship.
-imuma (imumile) v.t. see: -muma.
imungumani (bo-) n. a solitary rock sticking out of water in the rapids.
imungungu (bo-) n. a name given in contempt to a short, ugly and slovenly man
imusheke (bo-) n. a kind of small grey fish.
imushendami (bo-) n. any object leaning (especially trees) (from: -shendama
).
imushotoki (bo-) n. Luyana. some-one out of danger and difficulties
(exclusively applied to a i;lte l.i-tunga) (trom: -shotoka).
imusunga (bo-) n. a prominent war-rior (also applied to the head of an
African regiment).
imutakwandu (bo-) n. name applied to a deceased Litungil: lmutakwandu
Leuanika, the late Lewa-nika.
imutongo (bo-) n. a chief herdsn1an.
imuyulu (bo-) n. knob-billed yoose. fig. a person with a big nose.
-imyanguta (imyangutite) v.i. to tastc. to cnjoy the taste of.
-imyaula (imvauzi) v.t. to eat (with reference to someone's first meal of the
day): B~ra li hu sa 11~. a ionaoli úesSirlsi, since day break he had not
had a single bite.
-ina (inzi) a.i. (1) to sit dos n: Mn im /atasi, pleasc sit dowm (2) to sta~:
hu ina lisuncla zetalu koknirssi, to staE thrce ú ccks somewhere (3) to
live at Ma a:l a u ina kea Selbla. nowadays he livcs at Sefula spec. exp.
hu ina ,nihah:o, to abidc. to last der. buino, mainelo, muinelo, buinelo.
rel. -inela (inezi) to sit or ú ait for. caus. -lnisa (ini-size) to cause
to sit. to piace on a seat. rec. -inisana (inisani) to stay with one
another: Ku inis(ma hande, to live together in peace. int. -lnelela
(inelezi) to stay perma-ncnti).
-inama ( inami or -inamela ( inamezi to bend the bods or bow towards. caus. -
inamisa (inamisize) to hend the bodv or bos towards. caus. -ln-amisa (
inamisize ) to cause some-one to stoop. inv. -inamuluha (in-amuluhile) to
unbend. to lift up one's head after bowing. ref. -iki-namela ( ikinamezi )
or -ikinamena (ikinamezi) to let one's head drop with shame or weariness.
inambao (bo-) n. Luyana. Iion. sxn. tau.
-inda (indiles v.t. to weave reeds (as whell making mats) to wcasc grass (as
when prcparing fish traps). der. muindi, muindelo rel. -lndela (indezi) to
~ for someone. caus. -indisa (indisize) to order or to help to ~. in^. -
lndulula induluzi) to U11-weave
-indeka (indekile) v.t. to cast a spcil upon someone either to prcvent him
fron1 taking action or to get him into trouble. der. muindekelo. -lnduka]
(indukile) v.i. to rise earls. to make an earlx start. ref. -lnkin-duka
(ikindukile) same meaning.
-induka2 (indukile) s.i. to begin (with reference to the first pangs of
childhirth). pass. -indukwa (indu-kilwe) to be feeling the first pangs of
childbirth.
-indula (induzi) ú.t. to turn ovel grass in shallow water in order to catch
fish. der. muindu.
-ineela (ineezi) v.i. Sotho. to be devoted to duts. to be self-dedicated
-ineka1 (inekile) v.i. to stand on tiptoe
-ineka2 (inekile) ú:.i. to bend the body to show that one's stomach
is empty. rel. -Inekela (inekezi) to stoop towards. caus. -Inekisa ( in-
ekisize) to cause someone to stoop. inv. -Inuka (inukile) to unbend, to
lift oneself up.
inge or ike, conj. (possibly derived from the Sotho verb 'ka', to be like),
as, like, similar to: Mutang-ana yo u ikeza ike sipulumuki, this lad acts
as a mad man; as much as: Mwana yo ni mu lata ike mo ni ita-tela, I love
this child as much as I love myself. Before a request 'inge' has the
meaning of, please' Inge mu ye ku luna kamuso, please come and see us to-
morrow. syn. nangu.
ingilopu (li- or ma) n. Eng. envelop.
inki (li-) n. Eng. ink.
inteni, conj. whereas, since, when in fact: Kiini se mu ni timela kwa mali
intei7i kaizeli a ka mu mu file? why do you refuse me any money when in
fact you have given my sister some. syn. kanti, isita, mbali, iteni.
inuka (inukile) v.i. to lift up one's head, to sit up. syn. -nanguka rel. -
inukela (inukezi) to ~ for a pur-pose: Inukela kwanu ni ku sele mu-/yani
mwa meto, lift up your head this way so that I may put some drops in your
eyes. cuas. inukisa (inukisize) to cause or to order someone to lift his
head.
-inula1 (inuzi) v.t. (1) to raise some-one's head. (2) to take fish out of
water. rel. -lnulela (inulezi) to assist somebody in railsing someone's
head (sick person).
-inula2 (inuzi) v.i. to foretell some future event (mostly evil). rel. -inu-
lela (inulezi) to bring bad luck to someone by mentioning a dream or some
possible misfortune, to foretell a misfortune
-inyongamena (inyongamezi) v.i. to sit with the head bent down. fig. to look
sad syn. -kocomana.
-inumbwa (bo-) n. kind of tree (Ter-minalia mollis) (used to fence the
Litunga's yard). see: imilombwe. syn. mukutunumbwa.
-ionga (iongile) or -ioconga (icong-ile) v.i. to be missing, to disappear
(someone or something). rel. -long-ela (iongezi) to ~ in or at: Muhuma wa
ka u iongezi mwa simu. my hoe has disappeared in the garden.
ipa (ipile) v.i. to pretend, to assume undue importance, to practise hy-
pocrisy. der. muipi, muipo. (see: -fa ref.
-ipanda (ipandile) v.i. to get ready to fight (a bull, etc . .)
-ipea (ipeile) v.t. to eat by oneself: U ipeile lico za hae a nosi. he has
eaten alone.
-ipenya (ipenyize) v.i. to fail to ex-plode (cartridge).
-ipia (ipiile) or-ipiya (ipiile) v.t. to lever up a carrying stick with an-
other stick in order to relieve the heaviness of a load. der. siipiso.
-ipileza (ipilelize) v.i. Sotho. to appeal, to refer a case to a super-ior
authority. der. buipilezo.
-ipoca (ipocize) v.i. to be held back by some slight difficulty: Mu sike mwa
ipocafa nto yenyinyani, don't let such a small thing stop you.
-ipononena (Ipononezi) v.i. (1) to take advatage of one's strength or
authority to the detriment of weaker persons. (2) to rely on weaker
persons for help
-ipukumuna (ipukumuzi) v.i. to flap wings (esp flows.), to shake itself dry
(a dog), to shake its mane (a hon)
-isa (isize) v.t. to sent to, to convey. (see: -ya (cuas). to take to
isali, conj. see: haisali.
isamba, conj. since syn. haisali, isali.

Ishee (bo-) n. title given to a com-moner on marrying a woman of the royal

family. syn. mukwetunga.
ishi! interj. no, not so: Ishi, hakuc-walo! no, it is not so ! syn. asha,
eshe!
-ishonda (ishondile) v.i. to be un-happy. der. mwishondi. rel. -ishon-dela
(ishondezi) to be unhappy for a specific reason: U sike ke wa ishondela
mutu ra sa ku lati. do not suffer for someone who does not like you.
ishunwa (bo-) n. a short under-skirt. (from: -shuna )
-ishushwata (ishushwatile) v.i. to squat lonely. silently.
-ishuwa (ishuwile) v.i. to humble oneself; to keep oneself from doing wrong.
isibyaeti, n. Luyana. waste matter collected and deposited by flood water.
isilabo (bo-) n. paddler. syn. mufu-luhi,
isilongoti, n. Luyana. an invisible obstruction in water liable to upset
canoes.
isi or isini, neg. not like: U n'a luta isi sina) ya saba, he was teaching
not like a coward.
isita, conj. whereas, since. when in fact. syn. mbali, inteni.
Isiteketo (bo-) n. a person who can offer protection or refuge.
isunde (bo-) n. a small tree or bush. producing flexible twigs used in
building huts and in the making of fish traps. (Its small twigs are also
used as tooth brushes.)
-isunya (isunyize) v.i. to put oneself forward. to be intrusive. der. mui-
sunvakeli.
-itahanela (itahanezi) v.i. to come before the appointed time. to come before
others: to leave early to avoid being caught hy heat. rain or nightfall.
der. muitahaneli. svn. -ikambaeta.
-italeha (italehile) v.i. to attain pu-berty (first menstrual period) syn. -
fulumana.
itekelelwa, Noun taken adverbially in an unknown way: U shwile iteke-lelwa,
he died in an unknown way. (from: -tekelela) syn. Iiokamitwele.
-itemuna (itemuzi) v.i. to look back, to look round to. (as: -temuna)
iteni conj. see inteni
-iteteka (itetekile) v.i. to live with no care of what might happen.
-itima (itimile) v.i. to close one's eyes (as in prayer).
-itimula (itimuzi) v.i. to sneeze.
-itinga (itingile) v.i. Luyana. to cling to, to attach oneself to. spec. exp.
ku itinga makata, to sit cross-legged. (see: -tinga)
-itiulula (itiuluzi) v.i. to have a feel-ing of loneliness, of nostalgia.
der. ndiulu.
-itofola (itofozi) v.i. to sit idly. to sit with the head bent down through
illness or hunger.
-itongwela (itongwezi) v.i.to appro-priate, to take to oneself things meant
to be shared. syn. -amenena. der. muitongweli, likutongo.
-itulela (itulezi) v.i. to sit by oneself. to do nothing.
itundubowanga (bo-) n. a shrub pro-ducing redish roots commonly used in the
composition of African medicines.
-itundumuna (itundumuzi) v.i. to boast, to glory in something: to boast of
something, of doing something. syn. -ilundumuna.
itungwe (bo-) n. expert fisherman catching 'lininga' fish in the rapids area.
-itupwela (itupwezi) v.t. to drink heavily. svn. -lvamena. freq. -itup-waela
(itupwaezi) to ~ frequently.

-itutumuna (itutumuzi) v.i, (1) to warm oneself (in the sun, near the fire,
etc. . .) (2) to enjoy a drink or food which one is not accustomed to.
-itwala (itwezi) v.i. to become preg-nant. (see: -lwala).
lyala, n. Luyana. the city of Nyambe; heaven. syn. Litooma.
-iyamena (iyamezi) or -iyameta (iya-metite) v.i. to drink heavily: U iya-
metite bucwala bwa hae a nosi, he has drunk all his beer without sharing
any. syn. -ltupwela.
-iyakatwa (iyakatitwe) v.i. (1) to worry, to be anxious: Ni iyakatwa simu ya
kakuli ha ni na ku i feza unomwaha, I am anxious about my garden, for I
shall not finish hoeing it this year. (2) to have a bad conscience: U
iyakatwa ka mulatu w'a ezize, he fears the con-sequences of the wrong he
has done. cf. matilikuba.
-ize, perfect tense of verb 'ku li',to say: U ize, he has said or he said. Ku
izwe, it has been said, it was said.
-izinika (izinikile) v.i. Toka-Leya. to be proud of oneself. der. buiziniko.
-izukunya (izukunyize) v.i. to rinse one's mouth, to brush one's teeth.
J
J. j. pronounced as in English. It only occurs as the first letter of a word
in words of English origin. In -Silozi words it is always preceded by 'n'
in nouns, e.g. nja, Njekwa, Njeminwa, etc . . . -
jaji (bo- or li) n. Eng. judge.
jaki (li or ma) n. Eng. jug.
jamu (li-) n. Eng. jam.
jekete (li- or ma) n. Eng. jacket.
jele (li-) n. Eng. gaol, jail. syn. to longo.
joina (joinile) v.t. Eng. (1) to join (planks) (2) to join (army) joko (li-
or ma-) n. Eng. yoke (wooden cross-piece for oxen, etc...)
K
K. K. pronounced as in English.
kaa pref. sing. of nouns (class: ka-tu) to which it gives a diminutive
meaning: Mukolo, a canoe; kakolo. a small canoe.
ka2 (1) pron. subj. and obj. of nouns vhich have the singular in 'ka' it:
Kanja ka matile. the small dog (it) has run away; Ni ka boni. I saw
it. (2) rel. pron. subj and obj. which: Kanja ka ka matile, the small dog
which has ran away; Kanja ka ni boni ki ka muXulwan' a ka, the little dog
I saw belongs to my elder brother. (3) dem. pron. ( Ist degree) this:
kanja ka, this small dog. (4) poss. part. Kanja ka luna, our small dog.
(5) pross. pron. Ist pers my: nja ya ka, my dog.
ka3, aux. v. forming the future tense placed between the subject and the verb
will or shall: Ni ka sebeza, I shall work (as 'ta')
ka4 (kile) aux. v. can (be able), may Mu ka ya, you may go. The past tense
'kile' means: to happen by chance: Na mu kile mwa mu bona7 did you happen
to see him?
ka5, prep. by, with, by means of, ac-cording to: ku zamaya ka mahutu. to
travel on foot; ku puma ka tipa, to cut with a knife; ka ndate, ac-cording
to my father. ka za ... means: about, concerning: Ha lu sika utwa kale ka
za musipili wa hae we have not yet heard about his Journey.
ka6, ideoph. imitating (1) a chopping sound (ku li ka!) (2) a measured beat,
as of a pulse iku li ka, ka, ka.) (3) a burst of laughter (ku li ka, ka.
ka . . . J sometimes (ku li ke. ke, ke . . .)
ka7 (kile) v.t. to draw water. der. muki, sikiso, mukelo, mukeleli, si-
keleliso. rel. -kela (kezi) to ~ for someone U y'o ni kela mezi kwa
siliba, go and draw water for me from the well. caus. -kisa (kisize) to
order or to help someone to ~. int. -kelela (kelezi) to draw all the
water or to draw water all the day long. spec. exp. ku kelela mezi cimo,
to draw water early (before it gets too hot). ref. -lkela (ikela (ikezi)
to ~ for oneself.
kaale (tuale) n. an opaque condi-tion of the eye causing blindness: cataract
kaba', kabe, kambe, conj. if, used in a conditional clause: Kahe ne mui7 ozi,
kahe ne mu boni kalabo. if you had written, you would have re-ceived an
answer syn. haiba.
-kaba2 (kabile) v.t. to dress well, to wear ornaments. der. mukabi mukabo,
kabisa. rel. -kabela (kabezi) to ~ for someone or something Kini ha u sa
kabeli Sunda wena? why don't you dress well for attending church services?
caus. -kabisa (kabisize) to provide someone with fine clothes, to adorn,
to decorate: Ndu ya mina i kabisizwe hande. your house was been well
decorated. rel-kabiseza (kabiselize) to decorate for some-one. rel. -
lkabisa, (ikabisize) to adorn oneself.
kabaci (tu-) n. a stitch or acute pain in the chest. (see: lubaci)
kabakala, conj. because of for the reason that, on account of: Ba pa-lezwi ku
funduka kabakala pula, they failed to start on their journey because of
the rain.
kabakalani? interrog. adv. why? for what cause or reason?
kabakaleo, conj. wherefore, there-fore, for this or that reason.
-kabakana (kabakanile) v.i. to talk pointlessly as a man at his wit's end.
fig. to be on the point of death .
kabala1 (tu-) n. a small plain sur-rounded by forest. (dim. of libala).
kabala7 (tu-) n. splinter, chip. (dim. Of libala).
kabama (tu-) n. stick (used by herd-boys) cf. mulamu.
-kabana (kabanile) v.i. to bicker, to quarrel (especially of children while
eating). der. Iikaba. rel. -ka-banela (kabanezi) to ~ on account of
something caus. -kabanisa (ka-banisize) to provoke or cause bickering
-kabanga (kabangile) or -kabangisa (kabangisize) v.i. to presume, to present
as true without proof.
kabanze (tu-) n. scorpion. syn. sowa.
kabayaya (tu.) n. collar-bone (sometimes applies also to breast-bone,
sternum).
-kabela (kabezi) v.t. to cut meat or fish into small pieces for cooking der.
mukabeli, sikabeliso, mukabe-lelo. rel. -kabelela (kabelezi) to cut for
someone. int.
-kabelela ( kabele-lezi) to cut all the meat caus. -ka-belisa (kabelisize) to
order or to help someone to ~. -kabekela (kabelezi) v.t. to deprive or to
cause someone to suffer loss of property or privileges; to ruin someone's
chance of success through sheer jealousy: Ba mu ka-belezi mwan'a hae, they
caused the loss of his child (i e. they killed the child). der.
mukabeleli, sikabeleti, mukabeleti. syn. -sotisa, -tombola, cf. -yawa.
bee. -lkabelela (ikabelezi) to suffer the loss of one's own pro-perty or
privileges.
kabelo (li-) n. portion, share; by ex-tension: offering, Church con-
tribution. (from: -aba)
kabemba (tu-) n. razor blade. fig. exp. Kabemba mu-ca-habeli. deceit-ful
person, someone who acts as a traitor. a dquble-dealer cf. Iikeka.
kabeme (tu-) n. the blade of a hoe when reduced by wear to a very small size.
syn. kakuta. cf. misisi.
kabemele (tu-) n. wrathful, ill-na-tured person.
kabesi, conj. were it not: Kabesi mulao kabe batu ba fosa hahulu. were it not
for the existence of the law, people would behave very badly.
kabewa (bo-) n. tale-bearer (from: -bewama) syn. mwibeya.
kabindo (tu-) n. small wooden charm worn round the waist or neck. syn. kaoi.
kabindu (tu-) n. Iight beer (in a small quantity): Kacenu mu ni ezeze
kabindus kamuso ni nwe. prepare some light beer for me today so that I
may drink tomorrow. (from: -bindula ).
kabisa (li-) n. ornament, decorative design. (from: -kaba)
kabololo n. important catch of fish successful hunting. (from: -bolo-meka ).
kabu (tu-) n. steenbok antelope.
kabubo n. renown reputation fame: U ile kabubo ka busholi, he is a notorious
thief (from: -bubana) syn. Iibubo.
kabusule (bo-) n. poor indigent person. syn. mubotana njebwe mu-fuzana.
kabuyo (tu-) n. (1) the hollow at the base of the throat. (2) fontanel.
(from: -buyela) syn. matofotelo.
kabyacima (tu-) n. Luyana. irritabil-ity. syn. kacimacima.
kacaca (tu-) n. small swift canoe. fig. a young attractive person.
kacaka (tu-) n. kind of rattle con-taining dry seeds.
kacana n. Luyana. a small thing.
kaceka (kacekile) v.t. to put food carelessly on a plate.
kaceka
kacenjela (bo-) n. a person who knows how to foresee trouble and shun it.
(from: -cenjela).
kacenu also kaceku or kasheku. adv. today: Kacenu le, this very day: ku zwa
kacenu. from this day (forwards).
kacicimbwelo (tu-) n. the lower part of the abdomen.
kacimacima (tu-) n. Luyana irrita-bility. syn. kabyacima.
kaciocio (tu-) n. chicken. syn. kaz-winyani.
kacolanasi (tu-) n. Iittle Grebe or Dabchick (bird)
kafafalo (tu-) n. a fairly long dis-tance: Ku zwa Sefula kuya Muoyo ki
kafafalo, from Sefula to M uoyo is a fairly long way syn. kahoho.
kafanelo, n. manner of giving paris-moniously. (from: -fana).
kafasingo (tu-) n. kind of trap used for catching birds by the neck.
kafatamalaba (tu-) n. Seedeater (bird).
kafifi, n. shadow; shade; darkness: ku eza mutu kaffifa . meto, to blind
someone (witchcraft).
kafifi-ka-baloi, n. the thick dark-ness preceding dawn lit: when witches
return home).
kafolofolo (tu-) n. any kind of small wiid animal in comparison with large on
es . cf. kunduyamana. dim. Of folofolo)-
kafufeti (tu-) n.a thin person (from: -fufa) syn. kalyangeti.
kafufu (tu-) n. a small antelope (tsessebe).
kafuko-fuko (tu-) n. Iion-ant (from: -fukula)
kafuku (tu-) n. a well-off, rich person
-kafula (kafuzi) v.t. (slang) to eat kafula (tu-) n. small bow net fish trap.
kafulandondo or kafulambi (tu-) n. a game in which children walk on hands
with feet up. kafumbi (tu-) n. a place in a stream where water is very
deep. cf. kan-dumbwi. kafundifundi (tu-) n. vengeance, re-taliation: Ba mu
/wanisize ka kafun-difundi, they fought against him in retaliation .
kafmiondo. (tu-) n. a kind of black 'white-ant' too small to be killed
with the fist (nondo means fist). kafwicu (tu-) n. a small man. kafwililo
(tu-) n. a hand catapult used by children to kill small birds kahoho, n. a
rather long distance, a fairly long distance. (from: -hoha) syn. kafafalo.

kai1? adv. interrog. where? where from? where to? Mu ya kai? where are you
going?; Ba kai? where are they? Sometimes 'kai' is prefixed by 'ka': U
mufumani kakai? where did you find him? kai ni kai, every-where, wherever.
kai2, adv. interrog 7 adj. neg. (1) how much, how many? In the singular,
how much is usually expressed by bukai or ki bukai? Meaning either: the
amount of anything or the price asked for it: Mu bata bukai? how much do
you want? Ki bukai? how much do you ask for it? To in-dicate 'the amount
OF the verb: -kuma is also used: Lizwai le li kuma kai? what is the amount
of salt? (2) In the plural 'kai' is used with rele-vant concords: Likomu
zekai? how many cows; Batu ba bakai? how many people? (3) liakai? how many
times? (4) adj. neg. not much, a few: likuhu li sikai, a few chickens;
ma/i a sikaffela, only a little money.
kainole, n. hatred, a disposition to do harm: Mutu yo u na ni kaii701e
mwapilu, this man has an evil dis-position towards others.
kaizeli (li-) n. reciprocal term meaning sister of a man, or brother of a
woman.
kajenu, adv. today (also: kasheku, kaceku, kacenu)
-kaka (kakile) v.i. to advance in a row as people fishing with baskets rel. -
kakela (kakezi) to ~ in the di-rection of.
kakala! ideoph. imitating the sound of a fish wrestling to get free after
being speared
kakala-kakala! interj. imitating the sound made by two persons when
quarrelling or wrestling; also the struggle of someone unsuccess-fully
trying to do a piece of work.

kakalezo (li-) n. Sotho. summary (from: -akaleza) estimate

kakamala (kakamalile or kakamezi) v.i. to be struck dumb, to be as-tounded
(as by sad news). syn. -ka-kabala, -komoka. caus. -kakama-lisa
(kakamalisize) to strike dumb, to astound.
-kakamba ( kakambile) v.i. (1) to move slowly and noiselessly (as a large
snake) (2) to come unawares (misfortune) rel. -kakambela (ka-kambezi) (1)
to come towards someone. (2) to walk slowly (as a number of people going
together to some gathering) caus. -kakam-bisa (kakambisize) to cause
people to gather together.
kakanga (tu-) n. person with a large chest and slender waist.
-kakanya (kakanyize) v.t. to sup-pose, to estimate: U bulela ka ku
kakanyafela, he only makes a sup-position; Ni kakanya kuli komu ye i ka
 leka K50; 1 estimate that this cow will fetch K50 der. kakanyo. rel. -
kakanyeza (kakanyelize) to give a forecast to someone: to ex-plain, to
point out to someone
kakanyo (li-) n. supposition, esti-mation. (from: -kakanya)
-kakata1 (kakatile) v.i. to stammer syn. -kukuma.
-kakata2 (kakatile) v.i. to boil (as water in which some meal has been put in
order to make 'buhobe' or small fish to prepare relish). der. sikakata.
caus. -kakatisa (kakati-size) to let water boil long enough to make well-
cooked 'buhobe'.
-kakata3 (kakatile) v.t. to cane or thrash severely der. mukakati. rel. -
kakatela (kakatezi) to ~ for a reason: Ba mu kakatezi busholi bwa hae,
they thrashed him for steal-mg also to ~ at or in (a place): Ba mu
kakatezi mwa mushitu, they gave him a good thrashing in the bush. caus. -
kakatisa (kakatisize) to order or to help someone to ~. rec. -kakatana
(kakatani or kaka-tanile) to fight with sticks (especi-ally two people
striking each other).
kakata 4 adv. in the very act red-handed. spec exp. Ba mu sweli kakata, they
caught him in the very act.
-kakatela (kakatezi) v.i. (1) to adhere to to stick to: Kasapo ka mu kakatezi
mwa meno, a small bone has got stuck in his teeth. (2) to sink in mud:
Komu i kakatezi mwa sileze, a cow has got stuck in the mud. der.
Iukakatela. caus. -ka-katelisa (kakatelisize) to cause to ~.
kake (tu-) n. unpleasant body odour. syn. kamwe mumwe kawe kasilangandu .
kakolotwi (tu-) n. Luyana a small shaved head. (from: -kolola)
kakombokombo (tu-) n. part of the umbilical cord attached to a new born child
which falls off a few days after his birth.
kakoto or kakotwe (tu-) n. a disease common amongst fowls.
kakoo (tu-) also kakowa (tu-) n. the umbilical cord.
kakotombwe (tu-) n. hartebeest an-telope. fig. a short khaki jacket.
-kakuka (kakukile) v.i. to germi-nate to spring up (seeds).
-kakula (kakuzi) v t. to use a clay pot for the first time. fig. to inau-
gurate to dedicate. der. mukako sikakuliso; kakulo. rel. -kakulela
(kakulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -kakulisa (kakulisize) to help to ~.
kakuli conj. because of. for the reason that.
kakulo (likakulo) n. inauguration. dedication (from:-kakula)
kakulununu (tu-) n. Cape Scops owl .
kakume (tu-) n. kind of tarantula spider whose bite is said to be deadly cf:
sibubi.
kakundukundu (tu-) n. whirlwind. fig. tale-bearer spreading gossip with
extreme rapidity.
kakusasa or kakusasana, adv. in the morning, this morning.
kakuta (tu-) n. small hoe blade worn down to a very small size. syn. kabeme.
cf. misisi.
kakuti, n. silentness, absence of news .
-kakutula (kakutuzi) v.t. to pull at someone's closed arms or hands
(especially when separating oppo-nents in a fight)
kakuwa (tu-) n. short cry or shout to attract attention: Ni utwile kakuwa ka
mutufa likamba, I heard a man giving a shout on the river bank. (from: -
kuwa).
kakwaci (tu-) n. (1) catch: Ku na ni kakwacifa palofa, there is a catch in
this problem. (2) fix, embarras-sment, hardship: U mwa kakwaci, he is in a
fix: U zwile mwa kakwaci he is out of trouble (from -kwa cisa ).
kakwasha (bokakwasha) n. Iiar, someone who does not keep a promise. (from:
kwasheka).
kala1 (kalile) v.t. to begin, to start: Silimo si kala ka kweli ya Sope, the
year begins in January; Ni na ni ku kala musebezi ka la Mubulo, I have to
start work on Monday. spec exp: ku kala mutu mulimu, to pick a quarrel
 with someone. der. mukali, makaleko. syn. -tateka. rel. -kalela (kalezi)
to start from, in, or at caus. kalisa (kalisize) to order or to help
someone to begin. int. -kalelela (kalelezi) to begin all to gether: Mu
kalelele hamoho ha mu opela, start together when you sing
-kala2 (kalile) v.i. to subside, to get low, to dry up (as flood water or
wells and streams during the dry season): Se ku kalile mwa libala, it is
already dry in the plain. rel. -kalela (kalezi) to dry up to the last drop
spec. exp. Pula i ni kalezifa mubili, I am now completely dry lit the rain
completely dried up from my body) caus. -kalisa (kali-size) to cause water
to dry up.
-kala3 (kalile) v.i. to cease raining: Pula i kalile, the rain has stopped -
kalaba (kalabile) v.i. Luyana. to crawl, to go on all fours (as a small
child). syn. -hohoba.
kalabo (likalabo) n. answer, reply. (from: -alaba ).
kalafo (likalafo) n. treatment given to a sick person (from: -alafa)
kalafu (likalafu) n. spade, shovel. syn. focolo.
-kalahalelwa (kalahalezwi) v.i. (pas-sive form with active meaning) (I ) to
desire ardently, to long for, to crave after: Ni kalahalezwi ku mu bona, I
have an ardent desire to see him. (2) to be bent on torment-ing someone
without reason syn. -tukufalelwa.
kalaka (tu-) n. small membrane under the tongue of some babies or dogs. (This
membrane prevents them from crying or barking.)
-kalakasha (kalakashize) v.t. to try hard to do something, but without
success: Ni li ka kolakasha ku kfu-lula, kwa pala, however hard I try,
this door won't unlock.
kalakato (tu-) n. Luyana sclak' epig-lottis, uvula syn. Iilakato.
kalaki (likalaki) n. Eng. a four-wheel carriage drawn by horses or oxen.
-kalala (kalalile) v.t. to scatter seeds (especially rice). rel. -kalalela
(kalalezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -kalalisa (kalalisize) to order or to
help someone to ~. int. -kalalelela (kalalelezi) to finish scattering
seed over the whole garden.
-kalama (kalami or kalamile) v.t. to challenge a stronger and wiser person
with a view to overcoming him: Ki sitoto, u kalami ya tata; he is a fool
for he challenged a man too strong for him red. -kalama-kalama (kalama-
kalami) to ~ again and again.
-kalameza (kalamelize) v.t. Sotho (1) to push, to press forward (2) to bring
near. rel. -kalameleza (kala-melelize) to bring towards: Mu ka-lameleze
mwanana yo kwanu, bring this child near to me. syn. -sute-leza.
kalana (likalana) or kalani (lika-lani) n. small table-like structure made of
sticks. By extension: plat-form, bridge
-kalanga (kalangile) v.t. to dig out roots of the 'mutuya' tree in order to
make bark string. (see: ma-shandi). fig. to investigate in a roundabout
way rel. -kalangela (kalangezi) to ~ for someone caus. -kalangisa
(kalangisize) to order or to help to ~ ref -ikalang-ela (ikalangezi) to ~
for oneself.
-kalata1 (kalatile) v.i. Eng. to play cards. der. Iikalata. rel. -kalatela
(kalatezi) to ~ in or at (a place) caus. -kalatisa (kalatisize) to ~ with
someone
-kalata2 (kalatile) v.i. to sound (the 'maoma' drums).
-kalatama (kalatami) v.t. to jostle people about, to get rough (especi-ally
with one's elders).
-kalauka ( kalaukile) v.i. (1) to sound loudly ('maoma' drums). (2) to speak
loudly (as someone in anger). der. makalai.
kale (1) adv. formerly long ago of old. (2) ad. ya kale (or with rele-vant
concord): old ancient worn out, obsolete. spec. exp. ki kale . . . already
a while ago: Ki kale bafita. they arrived a while ago they are already
here.
kalenyana adv. some little time ago.
-kalelwa (kalezwi) v.i. to be dis-tressed. der.n alelwa. ref. -lkalelwa
(ikalezwi) to cause one's own anguish .
kalembeshwa (tu-) n. flattery fawn-ing: Mutu wa kalembeshwa, one who flatters
to gain favour or to deceive.
kalemeno (tu-) n. a recurring weak-ness or failing a besetting sin: Mutu
yomunde h'a tokwi kalemeno, even a good man has his weak point .
kalenalena, n. arrogance, manner of giving orders like a chief and make
people obey. (from: -lena).
kalengelenge n. the intense heat of the sun early in the afternoon or after a
heavy rain. syn. silenge-lenge.
kali (likali) n. grass pad used by women for carrying loads on the head.
kalifo (likalifo) n. indignation wrath violent anger. (from: -halifa )
-kaliketa (kaliketite) v.t. to try hard to try again and again to continue in
any course: Ni li ka ka-liketa sikwalo si pala ku kwaluha. hard as I am
trying this door fails to unlock. cf. -nyanyiliketa. caus. -kaliketisa
(kaliketisize) to cause someone to ~.
kalilabule n. disturbance confu-sion disorder trouble riot pan- demonium
(from: -labula) syn. mu-filifili.
kalili (tu-) n. infirmity: Mutu yo ki wa kalili kamita, this person is always
laid up. (see: bulili).
kaliloze (tu-) n. kind of imitation gun used in witchcraft. syn. Iipaku-muna.
-kalima ( kalimile) v.t. (1) to borrow; (2) to lend: Ni kalimile ma/i ku bo
muluti, I borrowed money from the teacher; Ba ni ka-limile likwacha ze
peli, he has lent me two kwacha. der. mukalimi mukalimelo. cf. -kolota, -
kolotisa. rel. -kalimela (kalimezi) (1) to borrow from someone (2) to lend
to someone. caus. -kalimisa (kali-misize) to cause to borrow or to lend.
rec. -kalimana (kalimani) to borrow from each other: ku kali-mana liapalo,
to lend each other clothes. ref. -lkalima (ikalimile) as rec.
kalimba1 (tu-) n. small singing bird (canary family).
kalimba2 (tu-) n. fairly heavy load of grain or meal carried in a bag.
kalimbalimba (tu-) n. a pit latrine. syn. simbuzi.
kalimbuluti (tu-) n. small shrub (the roots of which are used to treat
syphilis).
-kalimela (kalimezi) v.t. Sotho to scold to reprimand. der. kalimelo. syn. .
-omanya -taseza .
kaloko n. nap short sleep. (see: buloko ).
kalole (tu-) n. flattery undue praise: Mutu yo ki wa kalole, this person is a
flatterer. idiom. exp. kalole ka nja ve luttla, dangerous flattery lit.
flattery of a dog which bites).
kalombamano ( bo- ) n. Mbunda. person showing his cleverness in begging for
good advice.
kalombe (tu-) n. sodomy.
kalomo-ka-mbeta (tu-) n. Iiar. Iit. a Iying lip).
kalongo (tu-) n. parrot (generic name) fig. a great talker.
kaloyawe (tu-) n. uncultivated place where people used to be buried.
kalufu-ka-luyoyo Luyana. adv. exp. (see: -yoya ).
-kaluka ( kalukile) v.i. (1) to be lust-ful to be driven by appetite. (2) to
be hot on the scent (as a dog specially drugged for the chase).
-kalula (kaluzi) v.t. (1) to inspire or cause lustful desires especially in
young people. (2) to drug a dog for the chase. (3) to run fast.
kalulo (li-) n. part division frac-tion: Buka ve i na ni likalulo zetalu,
this book is divided into three parts. (from: -alula).
-kalulula (kaluluzi) v.t. to help someone in distress. der. mukalu-luli.
pass. -kalululwa (kaluluzwi) to be relieved. (see: -kalelwa)
kaluma (tu-) n. pimple light skin-rush.
kalumabaseta (tu-) n. small biting black fly (common on the outskirt of the
plain during rainy season). cf. kambulumbulu.
-kalumuka (kalumukile) v.i. to speak angrily with a loud voice. syn. -
mboloka. rel. kalumukela (ka-lumukezi) to ~ someone. caus. -kalumukisa
(kalumukisize) to cause someone to; to provoke.
kalunguziba (tu-) n. West African tamhourine dove.
Kalutenta N. small shrub the roots of which produce a colouring powder used
in tattooing.
kalwati (tu-) n. small hook-shaped knife used by African doctors for
bleeding.
-kalya-bantu (bo-) n. Luyana. sor-cerer (from: -Iya) syn. muloi
-kalibe (likalibe) n. girl (from pu-berty to marriage).
kalyelo (tu-) n. Luyana. means of living livelihood. (from: Iya).
-kalyangeti (tu-) n. a thin or lean weak person. (from: Iyanga) syn.
kafufasti
-kalyolyo (tu-) n. the urethral pas-sage.
-kama (li-) n. Eng. comb.
-kama2 ( kamile) v.t. (1) to strangle to choke: Munna yo u kamile musal'a hae
maabani, this man strangled his wife yesterday. (2) to be too tight for
someone: Baki ye ya ni kama, this coat is too tight for me. der. mukami.
syn. -nyokola rel. -kamela (kamezi) to strangle for someone in or at (a
place). caus. -kamisa (kamisize) to order or to help someone to strangle.
rec. -kamana (kamani or kamanile) to strangle each other. ref. as rec.
-kamalala (kamalalile) v.i. to wonder to be astonished. amazed. syn. -komoka
makala.
kamale (tu-) n. a kind of grey squir-rel. syn. mbwinji.
kamamiswa adv. very early in the morning. (see: malungasiku):
kamashungu (ho-) N. a clever person who foresees trouble and avoids it (from:
shungula).
-kamata (kamatile) v.t. Luyana. to hold firmly to grasp: U sike wa kamata
mwanana ka tata, don't hold the child so tightly. syn. swala.
kamba 1 kambe conj. (1) or: mali kamba sico, money or food. (2) whether: Ha
ni zibi kamha u ka taha. I don-t know whether he will come. (3) either . .
. or neither . . . nor: Mu nife sico karmba mali, give me either food or
money. syn. kapa.
-kamba2 (kambile) v.i. to clap hands. to show one's pleasure or to en-
courage a dancer in clapping hands. der. mukambi mukambeli mukambelo. rel.
-kambela (kam-bezi) to ~ for someone: ku kam-bela mubini, to clap hands in
order to stimulate a dancer. spec. exp. kKu kambela mwalyanjo, to in-
struct a girl during her initiation. caus. -kambisa (kambisize) to join
people clapping hands.
-kamba3 (kambile) v.i. to become thick (milk etc ...) der. Iikom-bombo. caus.
-kambisa (kambisize) to thicken porridge with a little meal. rel. -
kambiseza (kambiselize) to thicken porridge for someone.
-kamba 4 (kambile) v.t. (1) to pole a canoe away from any obstruction (rocks
sand bank etc .. .) (2) to give someone a push. rel. -kambela (kambezi) to
pole a canoe for someone to pole forward. caus.-kambisa (kambisize) to
order or to help someone to pole. red. -kamba-kamba (kamba-kambile) to
pole a canoe along the edge of a river striking the bank with pad-dles.
rec. -kambana (kambani) to push each other to scuffle.
-kambaela (kambaezi) v.i. to be up (the sun between 8 and 9 a.m.).
kambalala,~ n. the gentle heat of the sun in early morning:fa kambalala, in
the sunshine; ku ola kambalala. to bask in the sunshine (especially in
winter).
-kambalala2 (kambalalile) v.i. to have an acid or a sour taste (as an unripe
fruit): Makonde a h'a sika buzwa hande, a kambalala, these bananas are
still unripe. they have a sour taste.
kambalamatende (tu-) n. Hooded Finch or Bronze Mamkin. (bird).
-kambama (kambami or kambamile) (1) to climb to go up: Ku kambarma kwa
mushitu, to go up to the forest der. bambamo. cf. -pahama. (2) to go into
the presence of the chief, to get by special command closer to where the
chief sits rel. -kamba-mela (kambamezi) to climb at some particular spot:
Ba kamba-mezifa Mongu, they started climb-ing up to Mongu. caus. -kamba-
misa (kambamisize) (1) to help someone to go up; to accompany someone. (2)
to order someone into the presence of the chief.
kambandula (tu-) n. stick used to torture a person accused of witch-craft.
(This torture usually con-sisted in the clamping of the head)
-kambatama (kambatami) v.i. (1) to climb on each other's back (as children at
play). (2) to be super-posed (things).
kambe, conj. if; (see: kamba.)
-kambeka (kambekile) v.t. (1) to lift, to place, to set on: Mu kambeke likubo
za minafa tafule, place your blankets on the table. cf: -njanga-meka. (2)
to add to, to give into the bargain, to give good weight der.^ ambeko. (3)
to place a matter before the chief, to make a report to him. rel. -
kambekela (kambe-kezi) (1) to place on, to lift for someone: Mu ni
kambekele buka ya kafa tafule, place this book on the table for me. (2) to
add in favour of someone (3) to take someone to the chief, to place a
matter before him on behalf of someone caus. -kambekisa (kambekisize) to
order or to help someone to lift anything or place it on something else.
kambendekela (tu-) n. a plateful of 'buhobe' which a woman keeps back for her
husband when giving out food to her family
kambeti (tu-) n. shruh growing in most villages (the leaves of which are
used to poison fish). cf. situya-tuya.
kambimbi (tu-) n. swallow, swift.
kambimbinyani (tu-) n. Wax-bill.
kambombo (tu-) black insect usually found among dry leaves
kambongolo (tu-) n. donkey. fig. a hard working person. syn. mbong-olo,
donki.
kambotwe (tu-) n. White Backed Duck.
kambuka (kambukile) v.i. to become dry (wet soil. wet cloth or paint) Mwa
lapa ku kambukile. it is getting dry in the courtyard. syn. -oma. caus. -
kambukisa (kambuki-size) to cause to dry. int. -kambu-kelela (kambukelezi)
to get thor-oughly dry.
-kambula (kambuzi) v.t. to throw away the hard core of sugar cane or wild
fruit after sucking it. der. Ii-kambi. cf. -sota.
kambuli (tu-) n. musical stringed in-strument used by Lubale people.
kambulumbulu (tu-) n. kind of honey-fly. (small black fly which gets into the
eyes) cf. kalumaba-seta.
kambundu-mushila (tu-) n. a very small species of 'mbundu' fish.
kambweti (tu-) n. see: kambeti.
kambwinji (tu-) n. a grey squirrel syn. kamale
kambwita-mamina (tu-) n. a very small child (lit one who does not know how to
clean his nose)
kamele (likamele) n. Eng. camel.
kamelo (likamelo) n. wooden or enamel pail for milking. syn. si-kundu.
kamembe (tu-) n. young tortoise
kaminyi-minyi noun taken adverbi-ally: strongly, vigorously
kamita, adv & adj. (1) adv. at all times, always, ever: Ni ta mu lata
kamita, I shall always love her; (2) adj. (ya ~ ) common, usual, eter-nal:
bupilo bwa kamita, eternal life kamita ni mita, for ever and ever.
kamonabaenda (bo-) n. Luyana. prostitute. (from: -enda).
kamonge (tu-) n. blue duiker.
kamonyimonyi (tu-) n. fire-fly. (from: -monyeha).
kampecu (tu-) n. screen or partition which shelters from observation: Ni
mufumani u ipatile k wa kampecu I found him hidden behind the screen.
kampolwe (tu-) n. Namaqua Dove.
kampukwe or kambukwe, n. a cold drizzle: Ki kambukwefela, it is only a cold
drizzle.
-kampula (kampuzi) v.t. to cut turf sods with a hoe or spade. rel. -kampulela
(kampulezi) to ~ for someone. freq. -kampaula (kam-pauzi) to ~ here and
there, now and again. caus. -kampaulisa (kam-paulisize) to order or to
help someone to ~.
-kamuha (kamuhile) v.i. to flock somewhere syn. -kamuka.
kamuhelo (li-) n. reception. wel-come, hospitality: Kamita Nawa u na ni
kamohelo kwa baenyi, Nawa always has a kind welcome for his guests.
-kamuka (kamukile) v.i. to gather together in great numbers to view
something. syn. -kamuha.
kamukana, adv. all, altogether, without any exception: Mu te kwanu kamakana
mina come here all of you. syn. kaufela.
kamukole, n. persistent following. persistent pursuit
-kamuna (kamuzi) v.t. Eng. to comb (hair). cf. -shukula.
kamunda (tu-) n. orib antelope.
kamundengule (bo-) n. woman speaking loudly and ceaselessly (from: -ndengula
).
kamungumungu (tu-) n. anything short (as the stump of a pencil or the bobtail
of certain dogs).
Kamunu (bo-) n. the first man ac-cording to Lozi legend. By exten-sion: any
human being. idiom. Luyana. exp Kamunu ku mu ba ku tongoka, ku mu yumena
ku tongoka, be good to him or bad to him a man will always grumble.
kamuso adv. tomorrow; Kamuso-munwi {kamuso o muinwiJ the day after tomorrow;
kamusowale. the second day after tomorrow; Ka-musowola, the third day
after to-morrow.
kamuyongole (bo-) n. (1) someone who speaks much. (2) someone talked about at
length because of his bad behaviour. (from: -yong-ola).
kamwalye (bo-) n. Mbunda. name given to a girl during her initiation. syn.
mwalyanjo.
kamwe (tu-) n. unpleasant body smell. syn. mutwe, kake, kasilang-andu
kana1? inter. part. conj. & adj. (1) inter. part: is it so? Kana u min olezi?
did he write to you? IF standing alone 'kana' implies a doubt: Kana? is it
so? can it be so? (2) conj. (sometimes used instead of kamba, kambe, kapa)
either . . . or whether . . . or: Ha lu zibi kana kiyena kana ki usili, we
don't know whether it is he or someone else. (3) adj. (often
reduplicated): such: bunde bu li kana-kana, such good-ness so great a
goodness. In the plural 'kana' means: so many ... (the exact number being
shown by raised fingers) batu ba bakana, so many people . ..
kana2 (kanile) v.i. Luyana. to refuse.
-kanama (kanami or kanamile) v.i. to sit or sleep in a recumbent pos-ition
fig. to stiffen, to refuse to admit, to gainsay caus. -kanamisa
(kanamisize) to force someone into a reclining psoition
kanamukowa (tu-) n. a wart, a skin excrescence on various parts of the body
syn. ndolondo, kanamu-lumbe, kandolondo.
kanamulame (tu-) n. the spirit of a dead person sent by witch to harm someone
(from:-lameka).
kanamulumbe (tu-) n. as kanamu-kowa.
kanamutendele (tu-) n. bicycle (from: -tendeleka) syn. njinga, mbasikolo.
-kanana (kananile) v.i. to argue, to call in question, to protests, to
contradict der. mukanani, ka–i. syn. -piha. rel. -kananela (kananezi) to
argue about, to contend for. caus. -kananisa (kananisize) to cause someone
to argue Se si mi kananisa fa taba ye ki sifi? what causes you to argue
about this matter?
kana–ondo (tu-) n. small round basket with lid (mostly used by woman for
trinkets). By. extension any trinket case.
kananga1¼ (tu-) n. kind of wild honey produced by 'tumbulumbulu' flies
kananga2 (bo-) n. (or kananga-mukete, mukete-kananga) so-and-so. somebody
(often used in con-versation to avoid naming a person and in
correspondence as an anonymous signature): U ye ku bo Kananga, go to so-
and-so
-kanatela (kanatezi) v.t. (1) to be persistent in something (especially in
clearing up a case) (2) to repeat an action, to keop doing some-thing, to
go over something again syn. -tundamena. sp. exp. Kacenu ndonga ya
kanatela, today one in jection follows the other! lit. today the needle
keeps shooting); Taba i kanatela ku mukete, the evidence keeps pointing to
so-and-so.
kanaunu, n. one of the royal drums ( maoma).
kancele (tu-) n. Coqui Francolin (bird) Also called forest partridge
-kandakanda (kandakandile) v.t. Luyana. to waste, to spoil: Mu sike mwa
kandakanda mezi, don't waste water. rel. -kandakandela (kanda-kandezi) to
~ someone's thing. caus. -kandakandisa (kandakandi-size) to cause to ~.
kandalya (tu-) n. cassava tuber pounded into meal without first being soaked;
bupi bwa kandalya, the meal thus obtained
-kandameka (kandamekile) v.t. (1) to speak firmly to (2) to give sur-prising
news or false news: U sike wa kandameka batu za buhata, don't tell people
unfounded news syn. -ko–omeka.
kandanji (tundanji) n. Luvale. a newly circumcised boy
kandao, n. May -kandauka (kandau-kile) or -kandoka ( kandokile) v.i. to be
distressed, afflicted with pain or suffering der. makandauko.
-kandeka (kandekile) v.t. to tell, to give an account of, to narrate der.
mukandeki, mukandekelo. rel. -kandekela (kandekezi) to tell someone: Mu lu
kandekele litaba ze mu utwile, give us an account of what you have heard
caus. -kande-kisa (kandekisize) to converse, to hold a conversation with.
int. -kan-dekelela (kandekelezi) to tell all the news.
kandela (makandela) n. Eng. candle.
-kandelela (kandelezi) v.i. & v.t. (1) to clap hands (in greeting or to ex-
press thanks and consent). (2) to pay respect to: ku kandelela mutu, to
pay respect to a person der. si-kandekliso, lukandeleto.
kandolondo (tu-) n. wart, skin ex-crescence syn. kanamukowa, ndo-londo,
kanamulumbe.
-kanduka (kandukile) v.i. to move from the edge of the plain to the forest
during the flood season. syn. -omboka. rel. -kandukela ( kandu-kezi) to ~
to a certain place
-kandula (kanduzi) v.t. (1) to push off vigorously, to launch (as a canoe
from the shore) (2) to knock someone down in wrestling der. ikandulwa.
rel. -kandulela (kandu-lezi) to push towards: Mu kandulele mukolo kwa
ngala, push the canoe out into the deep
kandumbwi (tu-) n. deep part of a stream where people bathe. (see: -
ndumbwikela).
kanenga (tu-) n. demoniacal power of a spirit believed to act under the will
of a witchdoctor syn. Iikishi.
kanga (tu-) prefix used to express smaliness or disregard of a person: Kanga
Mubita, the little Mubita. cf. Iunga, singa.
kangamba (tu-) n. polecat (kind of skunk) fig. wrathful person syn. nakeli.
-kangana (kangani or kanganile) v.i. (1) to resist, to be stronger than
anyone else (in wrestling, witch-craft, etc . . ): Munna yo wa kang-ana
hakunaya kona ku mu wisa, this man is very strong, no one can knock him
down (2) (something) to be beyond one's strength: butuku bwa hae bwa
kangana, his discase is incurable der. Iikangate. syn. -kulauka. caus. -
 kanganisa (kanganisize) to cause to resist rec. -kangisana ( kangisani or
kangi-sanile) to be of equal strength. der. kangisano.

-kangauka (kangaukile) or -kang-oka (kangokile) v.i. to speak an-grily with a

loud voice. rel. -kang-aukela (kangaukezi) to ~ to some-one caus. -
kangaukisa (kangauki-size) to cause to ~. ref. -ikangaukisa
(ikangaukisize) to fly into a rage, to lose one's temper.
-kangela (kangezi) v.i. to frceze, to coagulate; to solidify: mezi a kang-
ezi, ice der. Iukango. caus. -kange-lisa (kangelisize) to cause to ~.
kangelengele (tu-) n. hand-bell.
kangisano (li-) n. contest, compe-tition (from:-kangana).
-kanguka (kangukile) v.i. to be thirsty
-kanguka 2 (kangukile) v.i. (drum) to resound properly (after having been
exposed to fire)
-kangula1 (kanguzi) v.t. to cause thirst.
-kangula2 (kanguzi) v.t. to make a drum resound properly by expos-ing it to
the fire ref. -lkangula (ikanguzi). fig. to be in good health der.
buikangulo.
-kangumu (bo-) n. a lonely person without relatives
kanguwe (tunguwe) n. a person who avoids company, who likes to sit by himself
kanguya (tu-) n. a small, frail child; a small, lean calf. syn. nguya,
munguya.
kangwende, adv. solitarily, in retire-ment from society: U lata ku ina
kangwende, he likes to sit by him-self
kani–i (tu-) n. the little finger. idiom. exp. Kanini ha ka supiswi mutu, the
little finger is never used to point at somebody
kaniso (likaniso-) n. obstacle (from: -hanisa) syn. tibelo.
kanjeke (tu-) n. dwarf goose, pigmy goose

kanjenji (tu-) n. grass warbler

-kanjimbwa (kanjimbwile) v.t. to stir carelessly. fig. to triffle with, to
ir-ritate by small provocations
kanjinja (tu-) n. tuber used to poison fish.
kanjoli (tu-) n. small creak con-nocted with a river
kanjwe' n. healthy constitution: Yena ki wa kanjwe, h'a kula-kuli; he is a
person of robust constitution he is never sick. syn. kashwe.
-kanka (kankile) v.t. to cut barbs on fishing spears der. mukanki' bu-kanko'
sikankiso.
-kankaula (kankauzi) v.t. to chop meat into small pieces der. mu-kankauli,
sikankauliso, mukankau-leb. rel.
-kankaulela (kankaulezi) to ~ for someone, to ~ in a cer-tain place. caus. -
kankaulisa (kan-kaulisize) to order or to help someone to ~.
kankolola (tu-) n. a glade or open space sometimes connecting de-pressions in
the plain.
kankuni (tu-) n. kind of snake (which eats 'mambongo' fruit) idiom. exp. Wena
u kolotezi kan-kuni, I shall see you about this matter again and have it
settled once and for all Iit. you have eaten the snake's food and then are
in debt to it)
kankuzi (tu-) n. a stout person. syn. nkuzi, sinkuzi, singungwe, nkala-kata.
kano, n. refusal (from: -hana).
kanoni (tu-) n. small type of dog
kanono, n. epilepsy: mutu wa kanono, an epileptic.
-kansela (kansezi) v.t. Eng. to cancel.
-kanta (kantile) v.i. Eng. (1) to kanter, to trot (as a horse) syn. -katuza.
(2) to dance (stamping the ground in the Ndebele fashion). (3) to march
(as soldiers).
-kanta2 (kantile) v.t. to stamp, to im-press with an official mark: ku kanta
ma–olo, to put a post mark on letters.
-kantela (kantezi) v.t. Eng. to guard, to watch, to keop an eye on. kanti,
conj. whereas, when in fact, in that case, then: lulenilEu bulezinitikanti
ki buhata, I thought you spoke the truth when in fact it was all lies syn.
mbali.
kanumbango, n. Luyana. stratagem intended to trap someone. syn. ka-
nyinamukondo.
kanwele (tu-) n. South African red-billed fire finch. (also nakanwele).
-kanya (kanyize) v.i. Sotho to be bright, to shine. syn. -benya. der. kanya.
caus. -kanyisa (kanyisize) (1) to cause to shine upon: Mulimu u lu
kanyiseze liseli, God, let Thy light shine upon us (2) to cause people to
admire one's clothes, etc.... ref. -lkanyisa (ikanyisize) to be conceitod
syn. -lkunga. der. buikanyiso.
-kanyaela (kanyaezi) v.i. to walk with care and strength (as a lion).
-kanyakanya (kanyakanyize) v.t. to try hard to push or lift something heavy.
kanyambe (tu-) n. a thin witchdoc-tor cf: sinyambe
-kanyana (kanyanine) v.i. to be stiff (as a body after death). caus. -ka-
nyanisa (kanyanisize) fig. to kill lit to cause someone to be stiff.) ka-
nyandi (tu-) n. small fishing net fig. a whore; (sometimes applied to a
dissolute man) meto a ka-nyandi, mesh of a net. cf. Iituwa.
kanyanyu, n. smartness, quickness in doing things
kanyayambo (bo-) n. Luyana. the person accountable for some mis-deed or
offence. syn. muishelula.

kanyezo (ikanyezo) n. apposition, objection, antagonism, contradic-tion.

(from: -hanyeza).
kanyikuta (tu-) n. a kind of small toad living in the ground
kanyinamukondo, n. a deceptive trick or stratagem. syn. kanum-bango.
kanyingi (tu-) n. a wasp-waistod person: Mutu yo ki wa kanyEngi, this person
has a very slender waist (sometimes applied to some ani-mals, especially
lions).
-kanyisa (kanyisize) v.t. to show off. der. muikanyisi, muikanyiso. ref. -
ikanyisa (ikanyisize) to praise one-self.
kanyo-ka-mulombwe (tu-) n. a looped knot of the half bow type
hanyumiti (tu-) n. anything small (mostly applied to person): Mwa-nana yo u
sa li kanyumiti. this child is still very tiny).
-ka–a1 (ka–ile) v.i. to look someone straight in the eyes: Meto a hae a
sabisa h'a li wa ku ka–a cwana, his eyes are frightening when he looks
straight at you.
-ka–a2 (ka–ile) v.t. to start hocing -gardens at the beginning of the scason
der. Iuka–a.
-ka–a3 (ka–ile) v.t. to pole well (paddiers).
-ka–ala (ka–alile or ka–azi) v.t. (1) to cu. with a hoe or an axe; (2) to
cultivate: Haisali a wela ku kula h 'a kanali muhumafafasi, since she fell
ill she has not touched the ground with the hoe der. –a–alwa. freq.
kanatala (kanatalile) to ~ repeat-edly. ref. -lka–ala ika–alile or ika-–
azi) to hurt oneself with a hoe.
ka–ala–aci (tu-) n. kind of mong-oose.
ka–angwa (tu-) n. very small ear-then pot, earthen-shell sometimes used in
the past to keep bowels inside the peritoneum when stabbed at war.
kane–e or ka–we–we (tu-) n. the slender part of forelegs of quad-rupeds.
kanete, n. stingyness. syn. butimani: Ufana ka–ete, he gives grudgingly.
ka–i (likani) n. (mostly used in plural form) verbal contest, dis-pute.
(from: -kanana)
-ka–oka (kanakile) v.i. to walk boastfully (as one well dressed).
kanombyo (tu-) n. small African piano with metal keys.
ka–oti (tu-) n. South African Shikra or banded gosh hawk. fig. a confirmed
thief or adulterer.
ka–oto (tu) n. severe clasp meant to hurt: Ku bea matu mwa ka–oto to encircle
and hold someonŽ hurtfully, head lock
-kanuka (kaiukile) v.i. to be well dressed, to wear a good suit
ka–umbi (tu) n. cormorant. (see:– umbiÈ.
kaoi (tu-) n. a plaited string worn by children round the neck as a charm.
syn. kabindo.
kaokola (tu-) n. a small maize cob
kaongolo (tu-) n. creature; in my-thology the expression: Kaongolo-ka-Nyambe,
means the 'Litunga'. (also diminutive of luongolo, a small chameleon).
kapa', conj. or, either, whether: Mu bata sEco kapa mali? do you want food or
money? Ha ni zibi kapa u ta taha, I don't know whether he will come (see:
kamba).
-kapa2 (kapile) v.t. to lap. rel. -kapela (kapezi) to lap someone's drink:
Nja i ni kapezi mabisi a ka, the dog has drunk my own milk caus. -kapisa
(kapisize) to give a dog some liquid food int. -kapelela (kapekzi) to
drink the whole.
-kapaela (kapaezi) v.i. to walk in deep water; to walk in wet clothes
kapai (tu-) n. small cotton blanket syn. Iipai. fig. ignorance. idiom. exp. U
sa na ni kapaf fa meto, he is still in darkness (lit: he still has a small
blanket before the eyes).
kapa-kapa. ideoph. imitating the sound of small waves moving backwards and
forwards.
kapaso (tu-) n. 'Kuta' messenger
kapeleta (tu-) n. pin (household pln).
kapelezo (likapelezo) n. obligation, com pu is ion . coc rcion , constraint
(from -hapeleza ).
kapeza-kapeza, adv. quickly: Mu eze kapeza-kapeza, mu feze kapili, do it
quickly in order to finish early
kapili, adv. quickly, soon, shortly. Also kapili-pili or kapili-kapili: very
quickly, very soon, etc.
kapitao (bo-) n. Afrik. foreman, ganger.
kapokola (tu-) n. soldier: policeman.
kapui (tu-) n. small gourd or cala-bash used in divining.
-kapula (kapuzi) v.t. (1) to prevent someone from continuing in his studies:
(2) to dismiss. to expel der. makapulwa, mukapu.
kapuli (tu-) n. small goat. (sce: puli).
kapulusi (li- or ma-) n. Eng. 'couple', a pair of rafters joined to-gether
and supporting the roof of a house
kapumba, n. type of cassava
kaputula (tu-) n. pair of shorts fig. a person fond of wearing shorts
-kapwama (kapwami) v.i. to be well off. well provided.
-kaweka (kawekile) v.t. to give ge-nerously, to be open-handed der.
makapweka.
kapyololo (tu-) n. whistle (see pyo-lolo).

kasa (tu-) n. small pond or lake (see lisa).

kasaka, adv. in the veldt: Ba ni siyezi mwan'a ka mwa kasaka. they left my
child in the veldt syn. nahe–i.
kasambo (tu-) n. grass bracelet (mostly worn by children).
-kasana (kasani) v.t. to talk non-sense, to speak heedlessly about many
things der. mukasani. rel. -kasanela (kasanezi) to ~ to some-one caus. -
kasanisa (kasanisize) to cause to ~.
kasapo (tu-) n. small bone fig. strong person
kasela (tu-) n. small fish spear made of plain wire (especially used by
children) syn. sishondiso.
kaselenge (tu-) or selenge (li-) n. small tin used as a measure by people who
sell beer (from: -sela).
-kasha (kashize) v.t. to push vigo-rously. cf: -sunda. rel. -kasheza (ka-
shelize) to ~ for someone or in a certain direction: U kasheze mukolo mwa
ngala, push the canoe out into the deep. caus. -kashisa (kashisize) to
order or to help someone to ~ req. -kashaka (ka-shakile) to ~ repeatedly
rec. -ka-shakana (kashakani) or -kashana (kashani) to ~ each other repeat-
edly
kashamiliketi, n. manner of inciting people to fight. (from -shami-liketa ).
kashandula (bokashandula) n. some-one causing petty quarrels, bicker-ing in a
village (from -shandula).
kashanga-ngoma (bo-) n. a person who starts a dance before the offi-cial
dancer, in order to attract people (from: -shanga) syn. mu-shangi.
kashatu (tu-) n. short distance Ki kashatu fela, it is only a short dis
tance. (from: -shatuka).
kashe! interj. look out! wait a bit! spec exp. Kashe mbicani, just a moment
please!
kashea (tu-) n. person with a large abdomen and narrow shoulders (especially
a woman).
kasheku, adv. today. syn. kacenu, kajenu, kaceku.
kashela (tu-) n. Pied Wagtail (bird) (from: -shela).
kashela-matuta (tu-) n. Wagtail (of the Grass Warbler species) (from: -
shela).
kasholondondo ( tu- ) n. small, narrow piece of land syn. musho-londondo.
kasholwa-sholwa (tu-) n. small shal-low pond syn. sisholwa-sholwa.
kashongwa (tu-) n. the pointed piece of wood which projects above the apex of
a hut and usually crowned with a pinnacle of plaited grass called
'mutumbwe'.
kashukuma (tu-) n. small creature: Kakomu ka kashukuma, small but fully grown
cattle. fig. small woman.
-kashula (kashuzi) v.t. (1) to have ability or skill (in reference to work)
(2) to overcome someone der. nashu. cf. -kona. rel. -kashulela (kashulezi)
to overcome someone on another's behalf.
kashuto (tu-) n. small fish-hook (from: shuta).
kashwau (tu-) n. rudeness, con-tempt Ku bulela cwalo ki kashwau, it is rude
to speak like that. (from -shwaula. syn. Iishwau
kashwe, n. healthy constitution Ki wa kashwe, he is exceptionally sound in
body syn. kanjwe.
kasilangandu n. unpleasant body odour
kasulwe (tu-) n. hare, rabbit. fig. a clever cheat, an artful person
who misleads others. syn. sanasulwe, shakame, sanondo.
kasumatondo (tu-) n. grudge against someone, lasting ill-will, hatred often
due to one's plans being th-warted, everlasting hatred: Ku yema mutu
kasumatondo, to hate somebody
kasuntila (tu-) n. a kind of black ant (the sting of which produces a
swelling).
kasusu (tu-) n. tuft of hair left on a shaved head. syn. sisumpila, njombi.
-kata1 (katile) v.t. to dig up roots (cassava roots, sweet-potatoes, etc...)
der. mukati, sikatiso, muka-telo. rel. -katela (katezi) to dig out for
someone. caus. -katisa (kati-size) to order or to help someone to dig.
int. -katelela (katelezi) to dig up the lot. ref. -ikatela (ikatezi) to
dig up for oneself: Ni sa y'o ika-tela mulyani, I am going to dig up some
roots to make medicine
-kata2 (katile) v.t. to strike the ground with a hoe, to make an earthen
floor (in a house, etc ) rel. -katela (katezi) to ~ for some-one caus. -
katisa (katisize) to order or to help someone to ~ stat. -kateha
(katehile) to be even (earthen floor, etc )
kataa, interj. with 'kuli', to be laid up continually as an invalid Mukul a
sa li kuli kataa! the patient has been laid up for a long time.
katafuneno (tu-) n. the upper part of the jaw bone regarded as a vital spot
(from -tafuna).
-kata-kata (katakatile) v.i. to hesi-tate, to delay: U sike wa kata-kata, u
bulelefela: don't hesitate, speak your mind caus. -katakatisa (kata-
katisize) to cause someone to ~.
katakinya (tu-) n. Iouse, chikoe (jigger) syn. nda.

katala (tu-) n. African altar made of I sticks on which offerings were made
to Nyambe or to ancestors.
-katala (katezi) v.i. to get tired. ; bored. weary: Lo katezi hahulu, we are
very tired. der. mukatala. cf.- -tineha. caus. -katalisa ( katalisize) to
overtire, to exhaust in a physi-cal sense: Puka i ni katalisEze. walk-ing
in the dew has exhausted me Inv. -katuluha (katuluhile) to rest. caus. -
katulusa (katulusize) to give rest ref -ikahlusa (ikatulusize) to take a
rest.
katala-matunga (bo-) n. explorer (lit. somebody who travelled in many
countries and saw many things)
katalo-ka-kubu (tu-) n. black spot on the skin of Africans.
-atama (katami) vi. to lie down (as an invalid in a long drawn out ill-ness)
katamba (tu-) n. small fishing mat made of grass.
katambaminwe, n. a fairly long dis-tance syn. kahobo.
katambi (tu-) n. rubbish pit; pit from where plastering earth is dug.
katamu (tu-) n. kind of protective medicine which, in the past, used So to be
taken with the first products of the season (maize, millet, etc. .) (from:
-tamuna).
-katana (katani) v.t. to meet, to en-counter, to come upon: Ni katani bo
muluti mwa nzila, I met the teacher on the way.
-katanyeza (kabnyelize) v.t. to go out some distance to meet an ex-pected
guest. syn. -patoka.
katanafu (tu-) n. the last evacuation of the bowels at the time of death.
(from -fa).
katangando (tu-) n. the apex of a; hut seen from the interior.
katangu (tu-) n. (1) a ceremonial or traditional act or gesture strictly
observed: Ni itumezi kwa lico za mica, kono ni cite, ni ta– watafela ka
eza katangu: I thank you for the food, but I have eaten already, I shall
just have one or two mouth-fuis to keep the tradition (2) con-straint: Ha
ni na katangu ko ni ezize ka ka ta ni tuhelisa mutoho: I did not do any
moral wrong or mis-chief which would constrain me from drinking beer.
-kataza (katalize) v.t. to annoy, to trouble, to tire der. mukatazi, katazo,
muikatazi, buikatazo. syn. -swenya. rel. -kataleza (katalelize) to offend
someone by annoying another: U sike wa ni kataleza mwa-nana, do not annoy
my child. stat. -katazeha (katazehile) to be an-noyed, to be troubled fig
to be sick: Kacenu ni katazehile hahulu, today I really fecl unwell. rec.
-ka-tazana (kahzani or katazanile) to annoy each other. freq. -katazanga
to keep on annoying someone. ref. -lkataza (ikatalize) to do one's best.
caus. -lkatazisa (ikatazisize) to cause one's own torment: Ku maswe ka
ikatazisa musali. bunde ki ka mu leleka fela; it is stupid to worry
oneself with home troubles' the best thing is to get a divorce.
katazo (mikatazo) n. annoyance, worry, nuisance, bother. (from: -kataza).
katekisema (tu-) n. Eng. church catechism.
-katela (katezi) v.t. to press down (as meal in a basket, etc)
-kateleha (katelehile) v.i. to look fine. elegant der. kateleho. syn. -
buheha.
kateleho, n. elegance, beauty, grace. (from: -kateleha).
-katelwa (katezwi) v.t. to like some-thing, to be pleased with someone or
something: Mukwa wa hae ki amunde, na u katelwa: I like his manners, they
are pleasant
katendele (tu-) n. skull, human skull (Rarely applied to animals.)
katengo (tu-) n. ( l ) gathering of people sitting in a circle; (2) a council
of appointed representa-tives mecting once a year cf. Ii-tengo.
katengunyana (tu-) n. pipit (bird) gen. n.
katete (tu-) n. warbler. Ben.n.
kateya, n. maize pounded before being completely soaked.
katewamilonga, n. Mbunda. name given to someone who keeps him-self out of
troubles (from: -tewa).
-katisa (katisize) v.t. to please, to give pleasure (from -katwa); syn. -
tabisa.
katiso1 (likatiso) n. printing; katiso ya libuka. printing works (from: -
hatisa ).
katiso2 (likatiso) n. braiding (especi-ally on women skirts). (from: -
hatisa).
katilotilo (tu-) n. engraving on wood made with a red hot-point; (hece, a
written letter) (from: -tail) syn. Ii–wati.
katimba (tu-) n. kind of small ante-lope common in Lupani country. dim. of
timba).
katofotelo (tu-) n. fontanel. (from: -tofota ).
katondo1 (tu-) n. kind of long grass used in making fish traps or as thatch
katondo2 (tu-) n. Luyana. small stick or tree dim. of sitondo)
katongo-kaishangwe. Luyana exp. ground left by ancestors. syn. li-tongo).
katowati (tu-) n. Luyana. small par-ticle of anything which gets in the eye;
a mote. fig. complaint: Ha ni na katowati ka mulen'a ka, I have not the
least complaint regarding my master
katubaminzi (bo-) n. woman de-stroying village life by her bad be-haviour
(from: -tuba).
-katuka (katukile) v.i. to stand up and go: Lena h'a fumani do ka nwiwa, h'a
koni ka katuka kanji; when he finds himself in a place where people are
drinking, he has not the will to stand up and go. I
-katula (katuzi) v.t. (bridegroom) to give a sum of money to the girl's
parents when taking away his bride from them (This present is given apart
from the 'sionda'). der. mukatu. cf. -nanula.
katulo (likatulo) n. judgement, verdict, sentence Taba ye i se I filwe
katulo, sentence has already been passed ( from: -atula ).
-katuluha (katuluhile) v.i. to take a rest. (see:-katala)
katumbwa (tu-) n. small round basket with lid in which women keep trinkets;
(made of 'makenge' roots) cf: lukumbu.
katuza (katuzize) v.i. to canter (horses, cattle) cf.: -kanta. rel. -ka-
tuzeza (katuzelize) to ~ towards caus. -katuzisa (katuzisize) to cause to
~
-katwa1 (katwile) v.t. (1) to value greatly; to enjoy possession of Ni katwa
likomu za ka, I value my head of cattle greatly. (2) to be un-willing to
give, or part with: Ni katwa kufana kubo ya ka, I am un-willing to give
away my blanket rel. -katelwa (katezwi ) (1) to be pleased with, to
rejoice in (2) to withhold something from some-one Na ha ni katelwi mute
sico, I do not withhold food from anyone. caus. -katisa (katisize) to give
pleasure (see -katisa). stat: -kate- leha (katelehike) to be pleasing,
fine, elogant
katwa2 (tu-) n. trap, snare: Ba teile tutwa mwa masimu. they have set snares
in the gardens.
katwamanzila (bo-) n. person or pack-animal travelling a long time without
showing any sign of fa-tigue.
katwele (tu-) n. Sandmartin (bird).
kaufela, adv. all, altogether, en-l tirely: kaufel'a bona, all of them. I
syn. kamukana.
kaufi, adv. near, close to; presently, lately: fakaufi ni Mongu, close to
Mongu: honafakaufifa, just lately. dim. kauf nyana, very near, very soon.
der. bukaufi.
-kauhana (kauhani) v.i. (1) to become separated. to part with; (2) to
divorce: Ngete u kauhani ni musal'a hae, so-and-so has di-vorced his wife
der. kauhano, kau-hanyo rel. -kauhanela (kauhanezi) to become separated
for some reason or at a certain place caus.-kauhanya (kauhanyize) to cause
separation, to disunite, to put asunder int. -kauhanelela (kauha-nelezi)
to become separated for good.
kauhano (likauhano) n. separation, parting; divorce (from: -kauhana).
kauhanyo (likauhanyo) n. division; chapter of a book. (from: -kau-hana).
-kauhelwa (kauhezwi) v.i. to be left [ beh ind . syn. siyalela.
-kauka (kaukile) v.i. Luyana. to crack, to split der. kauke! syn. -pazuha, -
zeuka.
kauke! interj. truly! (affirming an oath) (from:-kauka)
-kaula1 (kauzi) v.t. to break. to split, to cut through: Likomu li kauzi
mihala, the cattle have cut their ropes rel. kaulela (kaulezi) to ~ for
someone. caus. -kaulisa (kauli-size) to cause to ~.
-kaula2 (kauzi v.t. to contract a ven-ereal disease called 'mukau'.
-kauleza (kaulelize) v.t. to compel someone to leave, against his will,
something which he is enjoying (food, beer, etc . )
kaulula (bo-) n. powerful sorcerer (from: -ululula ).
kaumbu-umbu (tu-) n. shallow fishing pool. syn. sisholwasholwa. kaundwa-
undwa, n. twilight, dusk
-kaupa (kaupile) v.t. to separate people quarrelling or fighting; to appease;
to mediate. der. mukaupi.
kausu (likausu) n. cotton vest with short sleeves; underwear.
kaututu (tu-) n. Button-quail (bird)
-kauza (kaulize) v.i. to cease rain-ing: Pula i kaulize, the rain has stopped
kawe (tu-) n. unpleasant body odour syn. kamwe, kake, mumwe. kasilangandu
-kayal (kaile) v.t. to tie the hind legs of cattle when milking; to tie grass
or purlins in building an enclosure der. mukaiso. rel. -kayela (kayezi) to
~ for someone. caus. -kayisa (kayislze) to order or to help someone to ~.
-kaya2 (kaile) v.t. to mill grain. to grind der. sikayo, mukaiwa. rel. -
kayela (kayezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -kayisa (kayisize) to order or to
help someone to ~. int. -kaye-lela (kayelezi) to grind the lot
-kaya3 (kaile) v.t. to make scarifica-tions on a corpse to make sure that the
deceased will not leave his death unavenged. der. mukayo.
kayama (bo-) n. cheat, decciver, liar, crook, twister. syn. mupumi.
-kayamana (kayamani) v.i. to be in difficulty, in danger, in trouble of any
kind. der. Iikayamana. syn. - ziyeleha.
kayatwa (tu-) n. temporary shelter made of mats (put up by herdboys and
paddiers in open country).
-kayeka (kayekile) v.t. to give very generously an unexpected gift to
someone.
kayeye, n. Luyana. undue haste in speakmg or doing things. (from: -yeyema )
kayola-maundu (bo-) n. another name for the 'isunde' tree (which mainly grows
in old forest gar-dens) (from:-yola)
kayongo (tu-) n. small bin or storing hut, small granary. fig. gizzard of a
bird.
kayowe (tu-) n. dance performed by Manyengo men
kayoya-ndambo, n. Luyana noun taken adverbially used in the ex-pression: Lu
pEla kayoya-nadambo, we subsist because we know how to make the best use
of our soil. (from: -yoya).
-kayuka (kayukile) v.i. to get de-tached or broken (as a branch of a tree)
mutai u kayukile kwa kota, a branch broke off the tree. fig. to escape, to
get through: Ni kayukile mwa manyando, I have got through the hardship
caus. -kayula (kayuzi) to break, to tear off; to set frce. freq. -kayaula
(kayauzi) to break in several places. fig. to speak heediessly.
kayundula (bo-) n. person surpas-sing all others (as a great witch, a great
hunter, etc ..) (sce: -yunda).
kayuwe (tu-) n. kind of leguminous plant common in swamps and which causes
severe itching when in contact with human skin. (from: -yuwa).
kazalazala (tu-) n. Toka-Leya. weakness, fatigue experienced by some people
who cannot go a long way without eating food; dizziness caused by hunger
kazatu, n. (taken adverbially); quickly: Mu eze kazatu, do it quickly, make
haste!
kazazi, n. scorching sun dim. of lizazi).
kaze (likaze) n. Eng. domestic cat
kazele (tu-) n. the first milk of a cow after calving c: mutauluswa.
kazemba (bo-) n. someone making a scarch; spy (from: -zemba).
kazingaboya (tu-) n. tuft of hair on the ridge-bone of cattle
kazungula (tu-) n. Toka-Leya. Iarge sausage tree (Kigelia Pinnata) syn.
mupobta, mapungupungu.
kel! adv. much, very much: Ha ki mutu kwa bumaswe ki ke! what a plain looking
person!
ke2, (subjunctive of auxiliary verb 'ka'), may: A mu ke mu hupule pili, may
you think first!
ke3, ideoph. (sce: ka6)
-kecula (kecuzi) v.t. to look at someone surreptitiously. rec. -ke-culana
(keculani) to look at each other surreptitiously.
-keela (keezi) v.t. Luyana. to over-look ;to leave without care. der.
Iikeela.
-kekelal (kekezi) v.i. Eng. to cackle (a laying hen).
-kekela2 (kekezi) v.t. to plough. der. mukekeli, mukekelisi, sikekele, mu-
kekelelo. rel. -kekelela (kekelezi) to ~ for someone caus. -kekelisa
(kekelisize) to order or to help someone to ~. int. -kekelelela (ke-
kelelezi) to plough the whole garden ref. -lkekelela (ikekelezi) to plough
one's own garden.
-kekenya (kekenyize) v.t. to bite syn. -luma.
keketal ( keketile) v.t. (1) to cut bush or trces all over a place:
Ba keketile macacani kaufelafa mabita, they have cleared the bush over
the graves syn. -lema. (2) to cause pain all over the body by ill-made
scarifications caus. -keketisa (ke-ketisize) to order or to help some-one
to cut bush
-keketa2 (keketile) or-keketeza (ke-ketelize) v.i. to laugh merrily (as
children) to giggle
kekete (li- or ma) n. a large, beauti-ful animal (ox, etc .): Mulena u lurle
namani a kekete tuna ya pulu, the Litunga has presented us with a large,
beautiful ox.
kekezo (li-) n. increment, increase, supplement Ni kafumana lili kekezo kwa
mali a ka? when shall I get an increment in my salary? (From: -ekeza).
-kekuluha (kekuluhile) v.i. to pass by, on the other side, to avoid meeting
someone caus. -kekulu-hisa (kekuluhisize) to cause to ~
keleke (li-) n. Afrik. church (build-ing or congregation; also applied to
school buildings)
-keleketa (keleketite) v.i. to flow gently or in a small rill as a stream
near its source fig. to weep
-kelela (kelezi) v.t. to draw or carry water continuously (as when pre-paring
beer) int. of -ka).
-kelepana (kelepani) v.i. to look very old, to look worn out by the
infirmities of old age (people or cattle) Musali muXulu yo s'a kele-pani
bakenisa matuku. this old woman looks very feeble owing to many illnesses.
keleswa (li-) n. gland; swelling of a gland in the armpit and groin
kelezano (li-) n. mutual advice. (from: -eleza).
kelezo (li-) n. advice, counsel: Ku kupa kelezo, to consult idiom. exp:
Kelezo ki mulyani ha i nyefulwi, good advice is a remedy not to be
despised
-keluha (keluhile) v.i. (1) to turn away, to leave the path: Mu sike mwa
keluha mwa nzila, mu ka lateXa: don't leave the path, for you may get lost
(2) to act wrongly, to aberrate: ku keluha mwa niti, to deviate from
truth. (3) to menstruate der. mekeluhisi, mu-kelusi. syn. -fapuha, -
yabuka. rel. -keluhela (keluhezl) to leave the path at (a place), to
deviate to-wards, to branch off:fo u Keluhela mukwakwa, where the road
branches off caus: (a) -keluhisa (keluhisize) to cause someone to turn
aside; (b) -kelusa (kelusize) to mislead, to guide into error rec. -
keluhana (keluhani) to mutually and politely leave the path (speak-ing of
two people meeting on the way).
-keluka (kelukile) v.i. to be clear or limpid (as water in a pot before it
starts boiling): Buewala bu sa kelu-kile mwa piza, the beer is still as
clear as water in the pot.
-kelyeka1 (kelyekile) v.i. to look at fixedly and without being seen. rel. -
kelyekela (kelyekezi) to look at someone purposely, without being seen
-kelyeka2 (kelyekile) v.t. to extract salt from the ashes of burnt stalks.
der. mukele.
-kelyenga ( kelyengile) v.t. to de-stroy utterly. to exterminate (as people
in wars): Silumbu u kelyeng-ile bu–ata mwa ndwa, Silumbu ex-terminated a
great many men in his wars rel. -kelyengela (kelyeng-ezi) to destroy in or
at (a place). caus. -kelyengisa (kelyengisize) to order or to help someone
to de-stroy.
kemelo (li-) n. action of waiting fig. forgiveness. (from -yema).
-kemena (kemezi) v.i. to get very angry. syn. -nyema. caus. -kemukisa
(kemukisize) to enrage, to make furious.
-kenal (keni) v.i. to enter, to go in, to penetrate; to attend: Ni mu boni
h'a kena mwa ndu, I saw him enter-ing the house- mwan,a ka u kena sikolo,
my child is attending school. spec. exp. Ku kena ka ndwa, to invade; U
sike wa ni kena mwa hanu, don't interrupt me (lit: do not get into my
mouth). der. make-nelo' mukenelo' sikeniso' sikene-lela. rel. -kenela
(kenezi) to enter a place, to enter for a purpose caus. -kenisa (kenisize)
or -kenya (ke-nyize) ( l ) to cause someone to ~; to take things inside:
Mu kenye li-byana mwa ndu, put the luggage in the house, (2) to involve
in: Wena u ka lu Kenya mwa ziezi! you will get us into trouble! rel. -
kenyeza (ke-nyelize) (1) to take in for a pur-pose. (2) to order or to
help some-one to take things inside int. -ke-nelela (kenelezi) to be
determined to U. kenelezi ku uzwa lika za batu, he entered with the
determination of stealing people's belongings. rec. -kenelana mwa mandu
(kene-lani) to commit adultery with each other's wife
-kena2 (kenile) v.l. (1) to be clean, pure (mostly used with past tense):
mukeke o kenile, a clean plate; mezi a kenile, pure water. (2) to be holy:
Moya o kenile, the Holy Spirit. der. nalikena. caus. -kenisa (kenisize)
(1) to make clean, to cleanse: Mu y'o kenisa hande liapalo za mina, go and
wash your clothes well. (2) to make holy, to sanctify. (cf.: -twe-tula).
-kenda (kendile) v.t. to disdain, to treat with contempt der.
mukendi' mukendwa, lukendende. syn. -nyenya. rel. -kendela (kendezi) to
show contempt by giving someone a thing of no value: U ni kendezi sikubo
sa kale, he insulted me with a gift of a worn-out blanket caus. -kendisa
(kendisize) te keep back food from a guest on the assump-tion that it is
 unsuitable: Mu sike mwa kendisa mutu lico za canga, do not deprive someone
of food which he is accustomed to eat.
-kendauka (kendaukile) or-kendoka (kendokile) v.t. to nag, to con-stantly
reproach someone
kengama (kengami or kengamile) to lean or lie on one side: Mwanana yo u lata
hahulu ku kengama kwa tuko a mahe, this child is fond of Iying near his
mother der. mu-kengami' mukengameni. rel. -keng-amena (kengamezi) to lean
or lie by U kengamezi kwa mulilo, he is Iying by the fire.
-kengeka (kengekile) v.t. to put something near the fire, to roast by the
fire (green mealies, etc ) (2) to paddle along the river bank: Mu kengeke
mukolo kwa munanga, keep the canoe near the river bank rel. -kengekela
(kengekezi) to put green mealies near the fire for someone
-kengela (kengezi) v.i. to think, to consider thoughtfully: Ku kengela mwa
pi/u, to revolve in the mind der. –engeti.
kenya, n. wild creeper producing rubber cf. Iumbongo.
-kenyuna (kenyuzl) v.t. to wound, to leave scars on someone. der. sike-nyu.
kepesi (li-) or kepisi (li-) n. Eng. kepi, peaked cap.
-keshebisa (keshebisize) v.t. to neg-lect, to do carelessly: Mu sike mwa
keshebisa musebezi, don't scamp your work. der. Iikesha.
-keta1 (kettle) v.t. (1) to choose, to select, to vote, to take one thing in
preference to another: U kettle hembe yende mwa sintolo, he has chosen a
nice shirt in the store. (2) to set apart (as the tribute which formerly
was brought to the 'li-tunga ! der. muketi' muketisi' Iiketo' liketiso'
muketelo' ketululo' buiketo. rel. -ketela (ketezi) (1) to choose for
someone: U ni ketele olonji yende, choose a sweet orange for me. (2) to
set apart for, to consecrate to: ka ketela Mulimu, to consecrate to God
pass, -ke-telwa (ketezwi) to be consecrated to caus. -ketisa (ketisize)
(1) to order or to help someone to choose. (2) to make someone pay tribute
to the 'Litunga'. stat. rec -ketahana (ketahani or ketahanile) to appear
different from others: Likomu za ka pi Anile, za ketahana ka za hao; my
cattle are fat, so they are differentiated from yours inv. -ketulula
(ketuluzi) to discrimi-nate, to select from others. ref. -iketa (iketile)
(1) to be in good health, to be comfortable. (2) to work without haste,
leisurely (3) to separate oneself from others, to set oneself apart
keta2 (1i-) n. shell; any shell or part of it used to scrape pots and pans.
ketalizoho, adj. five: bate ba ketali-zoho, five people; mafyelo a ketali-
zoho, five brooms; linyunywani li (or ze) ketalizoho, five birds.
ketiso (hi-) n. voting. (from: -keta).
keto (li-) n. choice. (from: -keta).
-ketuha (ketuhile) or-ketuka (ketu-kile) v.i. to be notched, slightly broken
at the rim: Pizaya ka i ketu-hile kwa milomo, my clay pot is broken at the
rim der. siketu. syn.-monkoka. cf. -shema

-ketuka (ketukile) v.t. to wonder at, to dread, to regard with terror: Mwan'a
ka ba mu ketukile, they wondered at my child. der. muketu. rel. -ketukela
(ketukezi) to offend someone by wondering at (a child, etc . . ): U
nifoselize ka ka ni ketukela mwan'a ka, he offended me by unduly wondering
at my child
-ketula (ketuzi) v.t. to break slightly; to break asunder. syn.-monkola. fig.
to show one's dissat-isfaction by strong words. syn. -longola. rel. -
ketulela (ketulezi) to break off for someone: Ketulela munyan'a Tao kwa
mwanSa, break off a piece of cassava for your brother fig to speak
strongly to someone. caus. -ketulisa (ketulisize) to cause to ~ freq. -
ketaula (ke-tauzi) to keep on breaking off, taking off etc . Mu sike mwa
ke-taula makonde a sika buzwa, do not keep on taking off raw bananas from
the bunch rel. -ketaulela (ke-taulezi) fig. to use strong words when
speaking to someone. ref. –i-ketulela (iketukezi) to take for one-self a
 part of a whole (speaking of many): Mu iketulele mwanSa ni ba ba–wi, share
this cassava root with others.
ketululo (li-) n. discrimination (as applied to race relations) (from: -keta)
syn. luketululo.
-keuba (keubile) v.i. to show off (in order to attract attention). der.
sikeu. syn. -nyauba. rel. -keubela (keubezi) to show off in order to
attract someone's attention: U side wa ni keubela, don't show off to me.
caus. -keubisa (keubisize) to make a show (mostly of one's clothes)
-keukela (keukezi) v.t. to cast an eye or a glance upon: Zazi la ka
mi keukela ka meto mu shwile! the day he casts an eye on you, you will be
done for!
-keyala (keyalile) v.i. lo sit silently: Ba keyalilefela, ha ba buleli, they
are just sitting silently.
-keyala2 ( keyalile) v.i. Eng. to write the address on a letter rel. -keya-
lela (keyalezi) to ~ for someone sce keyala).
keyala3 (li-) n. Eng. (care of) postal address. (from: -keyala).
keye! (ako . . ~) expression used when proposing and answering riddles (lit:
there is comes . . let it come!)
kezahalo (Ii-) n. event, occurrence, happening, incident (from:-eza).
kezo (li-) n. deed, act, exploit: Kezo yende, a good deed; likezo za Baa-
postola, the Acts of the Apostles. (from: -eza).
kil prep. by (agent): Ni lumilwe ki Mulena, I have been sent by the Li-tunga.
ki2 v. particle: it is (used when the predicate is a noun, a pronoun or an
adverb): Ki mutu. it is a person; Ki mina, it is you: Ki hande. well done
!
kii (li-) n. Eng. key syn. sinotolo.
-kikita (kikitile) v.t. to spear a number of people (as in war, or cattle at
a funeral): Ba kikitile likomu ze–atafa life la ndat'a bona, they killed a
lot of cattle on the death of their father.
-kilita (kilitile) v.i. to walk with energy and rapidity. rel. -kilitela
(kilitezi) to ~ in a certain direc-tion. caus. -kilitisa (kilitisize) to
cause to ~.
kima, adj. thick, stout: mute yomu-kima, a stout person; makonde amakima,
thick bananas.
-kinita (kinitile) v.t. Eng. to knit der. mukiniti' mukinito'
mukinitelo' sikinitiso. rel. -kinitela (kinitezi) to ~ for someone caus.
-kinitisa (ki-nitisize) to order or to help to ~. ref. -lkinitela
(ikinitezi) to ~ for oneself.
ki–i? adv. interrog. what is it? why?: Ki–i se mu bata? what are you looking
for? Ki–i ha mu bulela swab? why do you say that?
-kipweka (kipwekile) v.t. to stab, to spear. syn: -taba, -kita.
-kisifala (kisifezi) (kisimezi) v.i. Sotho. to lie low (land. especially
swamps) der. sikisi.
-kita (kitile) v.t. to stab, to spear: U kitile mute ka lilumo, he stabbed
someone with a spear. rel. -kitela (kitezi) to ~ for someone; to stab in
or at (a place). caus. -kitisa (kiti-size) to order or to help someone to
~. freq. -kitaka (kitakile) to ~ repeatedly syn. -taba,-kipweka.
-kitibana (kitibani) v.i. to die sud-denly without any sign of illness rel. -
kitibanyeza (kitibanyelize) to kill on someone's behaU caus. -ki-tibanya
(kitibanyize) to kill, to stab to death (cattle, etc . . .).
-kitima (kitimile) v.i. to run. rel. -ki-timela (kitimezi) to run towards
caus. -kitimisa (kitimisize) to cause someone to run. syn. -mata.
-kiya (kite) v.t. Eng. to lock der. mukii, mukiiluli, kii, sikiiluliso,
mukiilulelo. fig. to puzzle: Ni mu kEile. sikusa sa ka si tibile; I
bluffed him, for my English is deep rel. -keyela (kiyezi) to lock in or at
(a place); to lock for someone caus. -kiisa (kiisize) to cause to lock
inv. -kiulula (kiuluzi) to unlock.
ko, adv. where, there, over there, at some distance: ha ni zibi ko ba ice, I
don't know where they have gone; Mu ye ko, go over there.
-koba1 (kobile) v.i. to wink. der. siko-byoti. freq. -kobanga fig. to
wait long for someone (especially at night, when people are drowsy) red.
-koba-koba (koba-kobile) to have a spasmodic tic of the eyes
-koba2 (kobile) v.t. to pound in a mortar (especially vegetables, cas-sava
and tobacco leaves) der. mukobi, svn. -kobola. rel. -kobela (kobezi) to ~
for someone. caus. -kobisa (kobisize) to order or to help someone to ~
red. rel. -koba-kobela (koba-kobezi) to ~ hurriedly for someone
-koba3 (kobile) or -kobisa (kobisize) v.t. to remind someone of a gift when
reproving him der. makobo, sikobiso. syn. -komela.
-koba4 (kobile) v.t. to cast a spell l (witchcraft) der. makoba. syn. -loya.
-kobana (kobanile) v.i. to quarrel over food (as children while eating); to
be noisy about some-thing, to dispute.
kobe1 (li-) n. barb or prong near the point of a spear lilumo la kobe, a
barbed spear
kobe2 (li-) n. (mostly used in plural) f a single grain of boiled maize.
idim. exp. ku ca kobe ka muutwa, to live a comfortable life. (lit: to eat
maize grains with a thorn)
-kobeka (kobekile) v.i. to look side-ways (an approved mark of mo-desty on
the part of newly-initi-ated girls and young brides).
-kobeta (kobetile) v.t. to beckon, to make signs with the hand. rel. -ko-
betela (kobetezi) to ~ on behalf of someone freq. -kobaeta (kobaetile)
v.t. to steer a canoe, pedal a bi-cycle der. mukoboci, mukoboco,
mukobocelo. rel. -kobocela (kobo-cezi) to ~ in the direction of caus. -
kobocisa (kobocisize) to order or to help someone to ~.
-kobola1 (kobozi) v.t. to pound veg- etables, cassava, tobacco leaves der.
mukoboli. syn. -koba. rel. -ko-bolela (kobolezi) to ~ for some-one, to ~
in or at (a place). fig to hit on someone's behalf caus. -ko-bolisa
(kobolisize) to order or to help someone to ~ fig to hit someone on the
head with a stick freq. -kobaula (kobauzi) fig. to hit repeatedly caus. -
kobaulisa(kobau-lisize) fig. to cause or to help someone to keep hitting
-kobola2 (kobozi) v.i. to gallop
-kobya (kobile) v.i. see: -koba.'
-kocoka (kocokile) v.i. to be well-shaped (with reference to the nape of
one's neck: Mutu yo u kosokile hande toho, this person has a well-shaped
nape! der. Iikocokile.
-kocomana (kocomanine) v.i. to sit with the head bent down fig. to be sad
syn. -inyongamena.
kocoo! kocoo! ideoph. referring to the sound made by ivory bracelets when
moving on the arms
-kocowela (kocowezi) v.i. to be hanging down (maize ears kept for sced) der.
sikotowela or sikocelela.
kofi (li-) n. Eng. coffee
kohano (li-) n. contest tug-of-war (from: -hoha) spec. exp. kohano ya misifa,
cramp
-koka1 (kokile) v.t. Luyana to pull der. mukokeli, sikola, likoka, makoka.
syn. -hoha. fig. to dis-agree.
-koka2 (kokile) v.i. to grow very slowly: Mwanana yo wa koka, this child
grows slowly caus. -kokisa (kokiske) to hinder the growth of pass -kokiswa
(kokisizwe) to be kept behind, or hindered by Mwa-nana vo u kokiswa ki ku
sa ca hande this child is hindered by mainu-trition
-kokala (kokalile) v.i. Luyana. to creep, to crawl der. sakokala. syn. -
hohoba.
koko', n. harmful thing; dangerous persorl: Munna yo, u mu sabe ki koko,
beware of that man, for he may harm you
koko2 ! interj. no, far from it ! Ni li ka mu kupa, ki ko-ko ki kwa sa isi;
al-though I askod him repeatodly. he showed no interest
-kokobela (kokobezi) v.i. to de-crease, to diminish, to lessen. der.
muikokobezi, buikokobezo. caus. -kokobeza (kokobelize) to bring down, to
lessen to diminish, to reduce, to minimize; to humble pass. -kokobezwa
(kokobelizwe) to be brought down; to be humbled. ref. -lkokobeza
(ikokobelize) to humble oneself.
-kokoka (kokokile) v.i. to be well off, to live comfortably.
-kokolal (kokozi) v.t. Toka-leya. (1) to enjoy life, to be still alive and in
good health; to be active; idiom. exp. Lu sa bu kokola (bupElo), we are
still enjoying life der. bukoko. (2) to enjoy good grazing, to thrive:
Likomu li sa bu kokola (buc-wa–ii, the cattle are still thriving on grass.
-kokola2 (kokozi) v.t. to pull off, to pluck (ground nuts when being
harvested, 'mutumo' grass when stripped to make Flsh traps, etc . . ) rel.
-kokolela (kokolezi) to ~ forsomeone caus. -kololisa(koko-lisize) to order
or to help to ~
kokolo-kokolo, ideoph. (ku eza ~ ) to discuss violently, to quarrel: Ku maswe
batu ba bahulu ku ezanga kokolo-kokolofa lika ze sina ruso, it is
ridiculous for mature people to quarrel about matters of no impor-tance
-kokomba (kokombile) v.i. to flow slowly (flood water).

-kokonyana (kokonyani or kokonya-nine) v.i. to become wrinkled: Hembe ya ka i

kokonyani, my shirt has become wrinkled fig. to die: Ni fumani mutu sa
kokonyani kale, I found the man already dead. caus. -kokonyanisa
(kokonyanisize) to cause to ~.
koko–u (li-) n. wildebeest, gnu.
kokoo! interj. not at all. far from it! (sce: ko-ko!).
-kokota (kokotile) v.t. to knock: Ki ma–i ya kokotafa munyako? who is
knocking at the door? der. sikoko-teliso, mukokotelo. syn. -ngongota. fig.
to report someone: Ni kayo ku kokota kwa Kuta, I shall report you to the
'Kuta'. rel. -kokotela (koko-tezi) to knock at someone's door; to hammer,
to drive a nail; to cru-cify
kokota (li-) n. a full grown person, (usually over normal size); a strong
person, a tower of strength: Kalima ki kokota ya munna, Kalima is a very
stout and strong man. syn. sikokota' ncelule.
-kokotoka (kokotokile) v.i. to get up by shecr strength of will: Mukuli wa
luna sa kona ku kokotoka fa mumbeta, our patient is now able to get up,
but by an effort of will. syn. -lkokoteza. koku–wi' adv. somewhere; in
nega-tive clauses: anywhere: Ha sika ya koku–wi, he didn't go anywhere
kokwani (li-) n. insect Gen n. (mostly applied to ants). (ee: bF kokwani.)
kolal (li-) n. Eng. collar (of a shirt, etc . )
-kola2 (kolile) v.t. to make drunk, to intoxicate: Ki ha–ata bucwala bu kola
batu, becr often intoxicates people fig. to wear out, to exhaust: Mutu yo
u ni kolile kwa mukumbe-leti, this person has worn me out through
constant begging. der. -nkola. pass. -kolwa (kolilwe or kozwi) ( l ) to be
satisfied. con-vinced; to trust, to believe: Ni kolwa kuli lika kaufela li
Skive, I be-lieve everything is in order; Mets yo na mu kolwa, I trust
this person. (2) to be drunk: Ku kolwafa muse-bezi ka maswe, it is bad to
be drunk while on duty fig to be exhausted: Ni kozwi ki buloko, I am
exhausted by lack of sleep. caus. -kolisa (koli-size) (1) to make someone
drink intoxicating beer. (2) fig to punish, to cause someone to repent
pass.-kolwisa (kolwisize) fig to convince someone Ma sa lumeli kono ni mu
kolwisize, he did not agree but I convinced him. stat. -koleha (kole-hile)
to be convinced, repentant. ref. -lkola (ikolile) to enjoy, to de-light in
(food, entertainment, etc. . .).
-kola3 (kolile) v.t. to prune, to lop, to cut off branches. syn. -shaba. fig.
to deprive someone of his offspr-ing (death) rel. -kolela (kolezi) to ~
for someone. caus. -kolisa (koli-size) to order or to help someone to ~.
-kola4 (kolile) v.i. to become full grown (people, growing things, etc . .
.): Ma/aka a tuna s'a kolile, our vegetable marrows have already grown to
full size. cf. -buma rel. -kolela (kolezi) to ~ in or at (a place). caus.
-kolisa (kolisize) to let things grow unduly; fig to make someone older
than his years (as a child given work unsuited to his age)
-kola (kolile) v.t. to eat fruit spit-ting out the stones: ka kola mubula, to
eat fruit of the 'mubula' tree
-kolamena (kolamezi) v.i. to get stuck (an object in the branches of a tree)
der.– olamenyi.

kola6 (–oma) (kolile) v.t. to hit the ball in a game somewhat similar to
hockey.
kole (li-) n. thong or strap of leather used for fastening cattle yokes
-koleka1 (kolekile) v.t. to hook, to hang up: Mu koleke sihwana kwa lifata,
hang up the calabash on a forked pole der. makoleko. rel. -kolekela
(kolekezi) to ~ for some-one caus. -kolekisa (kolekisize) to order or to
help to ~.
-koleka2 (kolekile) v.t. Eng. to col-ect money, to subscribe, to pay church
contributions, etc .. der. koleko.
koleke (li-) n. church offering, church contribution (from: -koleka).
koli (li-) n. stain, blemish, flaw ka okwa koli, to be without stain or
defect (physical or moral)
-koloba (kolobile) v.i. to get wet, soaked: Mu sike mwa inafande mu ka
koloba, don't stay outside, or you will get wet fig. to be amena-ble,
ready to yield, submissive. rel. -kolobela (kolobezi) to ~ in or at (a
place). caus. -kolobisa (kolobisize) to cause to ~. ref. -lkolobisa (iko-
lobisize) to drench oneself. fig to humiliate each other.
-kolobeza (kolobelize) v.t. to wet, to sprinkle; to baptize. der. kolobezo.
pass. -kolobezwa (kolobelizwe) to be baptized rel. kolobeleza (kolo-
belelize) to baptise for. caus. -kolo-bisa (kolobislze) to wet, to soak,
to moisten. fig. to subdue, to tame, to soften.
kolobezo (li-) n. baptism. (from: -kolobeza).
kolofalo (li-) n. injury. (from:-holo-fala).
kolofazo (li-) n. injury. (from: -holo-faza).
-kolohana (kolohani or kolohanile) v.i. to march in a file. caus. -kola-
hanya (kolohanyize) to put in single file, to place in order.
koloi (hi- or ma-) n. ox wagon, scotch cart
-kolokal (kolokile) v.i. to be in a single file der. mukoloko. caus.-kolokisa
( kolokisize) to put in single file.
-koloka2 (kolokile) v.i. Luyana to be bald or with hair shaven off caus. -
kolola (kolozi) to shave off some-one's hair der. mukololo.
-kolokosha (kolokoshize) v.t. to make noise (as rodents when gnawing, or
people turning over things in search); to rummage: Ki mani ya kolokosha
mwa ads? who is rummaging in the house?
-kolokota (kolokotile) v.t. to gnaw bones fig. to fail to bring someone down
in wrestling, to jostle some-one without breaking him.
-kolola (kolozi) v.t. to scrape the crust in a cooking pot. der. mako-lola.
-kolomana (kolomani) v.t. to bother someone by continual requests
-kolombisa (kolombisize) v.i. as-ko-lomana.
-kolomona (kolomozi) v.t. to take something out of the closed hand of someone
else, to force open a closed hand
-kolonga (kolongile) v.t. (1) to scratch one's ear (2) to scrape what is left
in a snuff box. (3) to hollow out by curving (a wooden drum, mortar, etc )
rel. -kolong-ela (kolongezi) to scrape snuff, to hollow out for someone.
 caus. -ko-longisa (kolongisize) to order or to help someone to hollow out
a wooden object
koloni (li-) n. Eng, colon (:) syn. kat-wana.
-kolopa (kolopile) v.t. to scrub, to polish (floor) der. mukolopi, siko-
lopo. rel. -kolopela (kolopezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -kolopisa (kolo-
pisize) to order or to help to ~.
-kolopana (kolopani) v.i. to quarrel, to come to blows, to grapple. syn. -
lupana, -lwana.
-kolota1 (kolotile) v.t. to borrow (money, food, etc . . ): Ni kolotile Mali
ka leka sico, I have borrowed some money to buy food. der. mu- koloti,
mukolotisi, sikoloti, muko- lotelo, mukolotisezo. rel. -kolotela
(kolotezi) to borrow on someone's behalf: Ni kolotezi mwan'a ka maxi a
sikolo, I borrowed money to pay my child's school fees. cuas. -kolo- tisa
(kolotisize) to lend someone money: Ni kolotisEze Madame Mali, I L. have
lent my brother-in-law some L. money rec. -kolotisana (kolotisani | , or
kolotisanile) to lend each other | money, etc fig to quarrel, to I fight
ref. -lkolotisa (ikolotisize) as rec.
-kolota2 (kolotile) v.i. to boil Piza ya kolota, the pot is boiling -kolotisa
(kolotisize) to cook relish (meat, fish)
-kolotola (kolotozi) v.t. (1) to take down, to unhang (2) to gather, to pick,
to pluck leaves from plants or vegetables in order to make relish. idiom.
exp. Ku kolotola ni ka ka siyezi mwa libako, to help some- one by giving
him what we can, even the smallest thing we have (lit: to take out what
remains in a tooth)
-kolwa (kozwi) v.i. see -kola2 pass.
komal (li-) n. Eng. comma (,)
koma2 (li-) n. snuff box: koma ya /i- kokoma, a snuff box made out of a wild
fruit produced by the 'mu- langu' tree; koma ya sikwakwati, a tin snuff
box.
-koma3 (komile) v.t. to prevail, to have the upper hand, to over-come caus.
-komisa (komisize) to cause to ~ int. -komeila (kome-lezi) to prevail
completely. ref. -ikomisa (ikomisize) to cause some-one to have the upper
hand over oneself: Mu sike mwa ikomisa musali. don't let your wife have
the upper hand.
komano (Ii-) n. mutual chiding. (from: -omana). a quarrel
komanyo (Ii-) n. reproof, scolding. (from: -omanya).
-komba (kombile) v.i. Luyana to wipe a dish, to clean off food with a finger,
to eat remains of food: ku komba mikeke, to wipe dishes. syn. bola. caus.
-kombisa (kombisize) to let someone wipe the remains of food from the
dishes.
-kombelelal (kombelezi) v.i. to pray to ancestors. syn. -paibla.
-kombelela2 (kombelezi) v.i. to prevail, to take more importance (as a name
over another one): Yena u kombelezwi ki libizo leli-maswe. he is more and
more known under a bad name.
-kombolal ( kombozi) v.t. to form bricks in a mouid. der. sikombole. -
kombola2 (kombozi) or-kombolola (kombolozi) v.t. to clear to dredge
(canal, ditch, etc of sand) cf. -tokola. rel-kombololela (kombolo-lezi) to
~ thoroughly for someone caus. -kombololisa ( kombololisize) to order or
to help someone to ~ thoroughly: Mubuso u kombololisize maabwa kaufela,
the government has ordered all canals to be cleared. of sand.
-kombweka ( kombwekile) v.t. to serve as a steward, to superintend another's
affairs (with reference to members of the Litunga's house-hold). der.
sikombwa, bukombwa.
-komela (komezi) v.t. to remind someone of a gift when reproving him der.
makome. syn. -koba. rel. -komelela (komelezi) to ~ for a reason. rec. -
komelana (komelani) to ~ reciprocally. ref. -ikomelisa (ikomelisize) to
call for someone's reproof (of onesel0.
-komeza (komelize) v.t. to swallow quickly, to eat greedily
-komoka (komokile) v.t. to wonder at, to be amazed at, to be sur-prised:
Nikomokile, I am surprised. der. likomokelo. syn. -makala, -mbwetuka.
caus. -komokisa (komoki-size) to cause wonder, to amaze, to surprise ref.
(a)-ikomokela (iko-mokezi) rel. to be so amazed that one does not know
what to do (b) -ikomokisa (ikomokisize) caus. to cause people to wonder at
oneself.
komoki (li-) n. Eng. mug, tea-cup
-komonal (komozi) v.t. to break (bread, etc.) syn. -ketula. rel. -komonela
(komonezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -komonisa (komoni-size) to order or to
help to ~. freq. -komauna (komauzi) to break in many pieces, to take bits
of 'buhobe' from a plate: U sike wa komauna buhobe bwa yomu–wi, do not
take bits of 'buhobe' from someone else's plate.
-komona2 (komozi) v.t. to smear the forehead, temples or throat of a person
with a magic ointment kept in a horn: naka u komona batu mwa mushengo wa
hae. the witch-doctor smears people with ointment from his horn
komu (li-) n. cattle (general term in-cluding cow, bull, ox)
konal, emph. pron. sing. (class ka -tu) this (very): Ne ni i beile fa halimu
akona katafule kao. I put it on this very table.
-kona2 (konile) v.i. & v.t. to be capa-ble, to be qualified; to have
ability or skill, to be able (with reference to work): Ni bata mutu ya
kona hande musebezi, l am looking for someone able to do the job well.
spec. exp. ku kona batu, to lead people wells to be an efficient leader.
cf. -kashula. pass. -konwa ( konilwe) to be overpowered by someone rel. -
konela (konezi) to be able to do something for someone, to overpower for
someone caus. -konisa (konisize) to enable some-one to help. to assist, to
do some-thing. stat. -koneha (konehile) as int-stat below int-stat. -
konahala (konahalile) to be feasible (present tense), to be completed
(past tense): Musebezi u konahalile, the work has been carried out
success-fully; ha ku konahali, it is impossi-ble rec. -konana (konani or
kona-nile) to be of equal strength. ref. -konela (ikonezi) to be able to
do anything by oneself, to be self-reli-ant.
-konda (kondile) v.i. to be success-ful. prosperous Sa eza kaufela sa konda,
whatever he does is suc-cessful caus. -kondisa (kondisize) to make a
success of something int. -kondelela (kondelezi) to be thoroughly
successful
-kondoka (kondokile) v.i. to return home after an absence Mwan'a hae ki hona
a sa zo kondoka, her child has just returned home
-kondola1 (kondozi) v.t. to take a widow back home after her hus-band's death
(this is done by her parents-in-law) der. mukondoli.
-kondola2 (kondozi) v.t. to brew beer der. mukondoli. rel. -kondolela
(kondolezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -kondolisa (kondolisize) to order or
to help someone to ~. ref. -lkondolela (ikondolezi) to ~ for oneself

-kondoloka (kondolokile) v.i. to get better, to recover from a serious

iliness, to revive: recuperate: Mukuli wa luna sa kondoloka, our patient
is recovering int. -kondolo-kelela (kondolokelezi) to get thor-oughly
better.
-koneka (konekile) v.t. to prick and remain fixed in the flesh (as a thorn).
fig. to prevent someone from escaping; to trip up some-body
-konga (kongile) v.t. to chase game or fish towards a hunter or a fi-sherman
rel. -kongela (kongezi) to ~ for someone or in a certain di-rection: Mu
kongele lifolofolo kwanu, chase the game towards me
-kongola (kongozi) v.t. to gather (as a net which collects everything). fig.
to summon people to assem-ble. der. mukongoli. rel. -kongolela (kongolezi)
to bring people to-gether in view of (some event). kongolo, (See mafuba-
kongo-lo.)A4-kongoloka (kongolokile) v i. Eng to congregate, to flock to-
 gether. der. kongolokeni. rel. -kong-olokela (kongolokezi) to gather in or
at (a place)? to assemble for a purpose: Kacenu batu ba kongolo-kezi kwa
Kuta, today people have assembled in great numbers at the Kuta caus. -
kongolola (kongolozi) to bring people together, to order people to gather
together
kongolokeni, n. Eng. congregation. (from: kongoloka)
-kongoshola (kongoshozi) v.t. to col-lect and heap up (scrap-iron, etc. .)
syn. -kungushula.
konji conj. but, save, unless, except: Batu kaufela ba kopane konSi banana,
let all the people gather together, except children
-konka (konkile) v.i. (1) to swear, to declare on oath (calling God to
witness). (2) to be determined: Na-silele u konkile ka feleleza, Nasi-
lele's decision is irrevocable. (3) to use profane language: U sike wa
konka ba bahulu, don t swear at your elders. der. mukonkelo. syn.
shanjala, -tapanya. rel. -konkela (konkezi) to forbid with an oath: Ha u
Dana ka sebeza, ni ka ku kon- kela buhobe; if you refuse to work, r I
swear that I will not give you buhobe, Ku konkela mutu sico ka maswe, it
is very bad to forbid somebody to eat. caus. -konkisa (konkisize) to cause
to swear, to charge someone on oath.
kono1, conj. but: Ni munolezi kono ha sika ni alaba, I have written to him,
but he has not replied to my letter.
kono2, interj. it is so ! (Not used when speaking to one's elders.)
-konola (konozi) v.t. to scare birds from a garden (especially at seed time),
to watch over seeds newly sown der. mukonoli. fig. to wait in vain for
someone.
-konya (konyize) v.t. to copulate, to have sexual intercourse, syn. soma
-konyeka (konyekile) v.t. to take excessive care of something for which one
is responsible. rel. -ko-nyekela (konyekezi) to ~ for.
ko–a1 (li-) n. giant kingfisher.
-kona2 (ko–ile) v.t. to remind some-one of a previous warning given in vain.
-ko–a3 (ko–ile) v.t. Luyana. to follow. rec. -konana (ko–ani) to co-pulate
(especially of dogs) syn. -palisa.
-kofiana (ko–ani) v.i. to make noise (as fish eating or jumping when in large
numbers) (see: matuti).
-ko–ola (konozi) v.t. to beat bark in order to strip it from a tree. fig. to
beat someone. rel. -konolela (ko–o- lezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -ko-–
olisa (konolisize) to order or to help someone to ~.
-ko–ola2 (ko–ozi) v.t. to copulate especially of dogs) syn. -palisa, ko–ana.
ko–omeka (konomekile) v.t; to give express orders or instructions: Ni mu
konomekile hahulu, mi mwendi ha na ka libala: I have given him definite
orders which I hope he will not forget.
kopa, n. Eng. copper.
-kopama (kopami) v.i. to be bent: kota ye kopami, a bent tree. caus. -
kopamisa (kopamisize) to bend.
-kopana (kopani) v.i. to meet, to join, to become united, to congre-gate, to
assemble: Batu ba se ba kopani, people are already assem-bled; mu kopane
ni Lena, join us. der. kopano, mukopano, makopa-nelo, sikopekope. syn. -
puteha. rel. -kopanela (kopanezi) (1) to ~ in or at (a place): Lo ta
kopanela mwa Kuta, we shall meet in the Kuta. (2) to meet together for a
purpose: Sims ye lo kopanezi ha i sika nuna, the garden we are cultivating
to-gether is not fertile. caus. -kopanya (kopanyize) (1) to unite, to
join, to bring together, to mix, to com-bine: Mu kopanye bate, bring the
people together; Mu kopanye mu-shabati ni samende, mix some sand with the
cement. (2) to add num-bers (Arith) red. -kopa-kopana (kopakopani) to be
mixed, to as-semble hurriedly; to meet for a short time.
kopano (mikopano) n. party; associ-ation; union: Kopano ki mata, unity is
strength. syn. mukopano. (from: -kopana ).
kopi (likopi) n. Eng. exercise book (copy book).
-kopisa (kopisize) v.t. Eng. to copy, to transcribe; to imitate.
kopolo (makopolo) n. Eng. corporal.
kota (likota) n. tree; piece of wood, timber: kora ya mupulanga, blue-gum
tree; likota za ka sebelisa, timber- Iikota za ka ova, fire-wood. idiom.
exp. Ha kufosi likota, kufosa luna bate, to err is human; the best of men
may err at times (lit: mis-takes are not made by trees but by we people).
-kota (kotile) v.i. to copulate (birds).
-kotama (kotami or kotamile) v.t. to be engaged in hoeing a garden (as a
group of women working to-gether); to lean forward (as paddl-ers hard at
work): Ba u kotami Na-likwanda, they paddle the Nalik-wanda with great
force. inv. -kotoka (kotokile) see: -kotoka.
-kotana (kotani) v.t. to mate (birds).
-kotela (kotezi) v.t. to beat away a calf when milking. der. mukoteli. rel. -
kotelela (kotelezi) to ~. for someone: Mu to ni kotelela namani come and
beat away this calf fob me. caus. -kotelisa (kotelisize) to order or to
help someone to ~.
-koteza (kotefize) v.t. to keep a fire burning by pushing logs toward the
centre, to stir up a fire. der. mukotezi, mukotelezo. rel. -kote-leza
(kotelelize) to ~ for someone. caus. -kotezisa ( kotezisize) to order or
to help someone to ~.
koto1 (likoto) n. Sotho. punishment. penalty (from:-ota).
koto2 (likoto) n. knob: madame wa koto, knobkerrie.
koto3 (likoto) n. percussion cap (of muzzle loading gun)
-kotobana (kotobani) v.i. (1) to be bent with age (2) to keep a steady aim in
firing a gun.
-kotoka (kotokile) v.i. (inv. of -kotama) to knock off, to cease hoeing and
return home to rest, to return home after work Kacenu lo ta kotoka ka
twelufu today we shall stop working at 12 noon spec. exp: Mu kotokile spa!
good afternoon! (salutation used when people come from work.) caus. -
kotokisa (kotokisize) to order people to stop hoeing or working.
-kotokelwa (kotokezwi) v.i. to be late in doing something: Ne lo bata ka to
leka sikekele, kono bate ba lo lakile, lo kotokezwi; we wanted to buy the
plough, but other people bought it before we came cf: -tompokelwa.
-kotola (kotozi) v.t. to take things away in great quantity Nifumani bishop
li kotozi mwanda wa ka, I found that a thief had taken away my cassava.
-kotomona (kotomozi) v.t. to drive cattle away from their grazing place; to
frighten fish and force them into a fishing place der. mu-kotomono.
-kowana (kowanile) v.i. to yelp (dog). fig. to growl, to grumble rel. -
kowanela (kowanezi) fig. to growl, to grumble in or at (a place). caus. -
kowanisa (kowanisize to cause to ~
-koyoka (koyokile) v.i. to fall down (ripe fruit) fig. exp; Pile ya ka i
koyokile, I feel like fainting
-koyola (koyozi) v.t. to pluck fruit. syn. -yanga, -yangula, -kulumuna. fig.
to kill young people by witch-craft: Baloi ne ba atisanga ka koyola ba
banyEnyani, witches were accus-tomed to pluck out young lives. rel. -
koyolela (koyolezi) to ~ for someone caus. -koyolisa (koyoli-size) to
order or to help someone to ~ int. -koyolelela (koyolelezi) to pluck all
the fruit freq. a) -koyauka (koyaukile) to fall one after another (very
ripe fruit); b) -koyaula (koyauzi) to ~ again and again; to cause to fall
one after an-other Moya u koyauzi Tango za ka, the wind caused all my
mang-oes to fall to the ground ref. -ikoyolela (ikoyolezi) to ~ for one-
self.
-koywela (koyowezi) v.i. to be hang-ing down (as a cluster of fruit or mealie
cobs) der. sikoyowela. caus. -koyowelisa (koyowelisize) to hang, to hook,
to suspend
-koza (kozize) v.i. to apply to a foreign ruler for protection; to live in
peace der. kozo. caus. -kozisa (kozisize) to welcome a refugee and allow
him to settle down. int. -kozeleza (kozelelize) to live perma-nently under
a foreign ruler
kozi (likozi) n. danger, peril; acci-dentl serious trouble: Lo mwa kozi
yetuna, we are in great danger: ka beya mute mwa kozi, to endanger
someone.
kozo, n. peace, quietness, security: Ku pita mwa kozo, to live in peace; ka
eza kozo, to make peace, to rec-oncile, to conciliate. (from: -koza).
kozwa, adj. black and white (male cattle) (with reference to female
cattle: kozwana): polo ye kozwa, a black and white ox.
-kubal (kubile) v.t. to push to elbow, to jostle, to knock. syn. -ngungula, -
ngunyuta. cf.: -sunda. caus. -kubisa (kubisize) to give a push, to help
someone to push, Mu to lo kubisa kwa rota, come and help us to push the
car. rec. -kubana (kubanile) to strike against each other, to collide.
kuba2 (likuba) n. heep of reeds or grass; pile of cut wood syn. fulaha.
-kubama (kubami or kubamile) v.i. to kneel ka kubama ka ma–wele, to kneel
down. rel. -kubamela (kuba mezi) to ~ before someone; to worship caus. -
kubamisa (kubaml-size to cause someone to ~
-kubanyana ( kubanyanine) v. i. to be silly, stupid der. sikuba, bukuba.
-kubelal (kubezi) v.t. to knock a cow's udder (as a calf).
-kubela2 (kubezi) v.t. to thatch der. mukubeli, mukubelelo, mukubelo,
sikubeliso. rel. -kubelela (kubelezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -kubelisa
(kubelisize) to order or to help someone to ~
kubo (likubo) n. (1) skin of an animal used as a covering (2) blanket (wool
or cotton) fig. a very old person.
kubu(likubu) n. hippopotamus
-kubuha (kubuhile) v.i. to lose hair, to become bald; to peel off (skin), to
moult
-kubukana (kubukani) v.i. to assem-ble (people, cattle or birds); to be
heaped ups gathered together. cf: -limbana. rel. -kubukanela (kubuka-nezi)
to assemble in, or at (a place), or for a purpose Bate ba kubukanezini
fani? why have the people assembled over there?
-kubukanya (kubukanyize) v.t. to gather in large numbers, to heap up, to
accumulate rel. -kubuka-nyeza (kubukanyelize) to ~ for someone, in or at
(a place) caus. -kubukanyisa (kubukanyisize) to order or to help to
~. Kf. ikubuka-nyeza (kubukanyelize) to store up, to save up, to amass
for oneself
-kubulal (kubuzi) v.t. to pluck to peel, to scratch. der. mukubuli. cf: -
mweta. rel. -kubulela (kubulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -kubulisa (ku-
bulisize) to order or to help to ~
-kubula2 (kubuzi) v.t. (1) to drive mosquitoes away (2) to remove morning dew
from the grass with a stick when walking: Mu kubule puka, banana ba sike
ba koloba, remove the dew lest the children get wet
kucwana (likucwana) n. baby hippo
kufa (likufa) n. tick (common with cattle, sheep and dogs)
kuhu (likuhu) n. gen. n. domestic fowl
-kuka (kukile) v.i. to float, to drift, to go with the current der. Iiku-
kela. rel. -kukela (kukezi) to ~ in a certain direction caus. -kukisa
(kukisize) to cause to ~.
kuka2 (makuka) n. Eng. cook syn. muapei, mutatehi. (from: -kukisa)
-kukisa (kukisize) v.t. Eng. to cook (rare) der. kuka, bukuka.
kuku (bo kuku) n. grandparent Kuku wa hae, his grandfather or grand-mother;
the plural of re-spect is commonly used: bo kuku wa Rae, his (or her)
grandparent; bo kuku wa Lena, our forefathers
kukueza (kukuelize) v.t. to influ-ence, to induce, to incite, to insti-gate
to rouse up (mostly in bad ways): U sike wa kukueza bate ka caela nako i
 sikaf ta, don t encour-age people to knock off before time
der.mukukuezi.syn. -susueza. cf: -shamiliketa.
-kukula (kukuzi) v.t. to give a hair-cut der. mukukuli, sikukuliso, mu-
kukulelo. syn. -kuta. rel. -kukulela (kukukezi) to ~ to someone.
-kukulusa (kukulusize) v.t. to cut a small piece of anything rel. -kuku-
luseza ( kukuluselize) to ~ for someone: Mu mu kukuluseze kanama
kakanyinyanifela, cut only a small piece of meat for him
-kukuma (kukumile) v.t. to stam-mer der. sikukuma. syn. -katata.
-kukumuha (kukumuhile) v.i. to swell, to rise (dough).
-kukuna (kukunile) or -kukunya (kukunyjze) v.t. to knaw, to nibble: ka
kukuna disavow to pick a bone.
-kulal (kulile) v.i. to be sick, ill, ailing der. mukuli, mukulisi, muku-
lelo, mukulisezo. rel. -kulela (kulezi) to be ill in or at (a place) U
kulela kwa sƒpatela, he is laid up in hospital. spec. exp. ka kulela
mwahalimu, to feel unwell but not keeping to one's bed. caus. -kulisa
(kulisize) (1) to cause someone's illness pass-kuliswa (kulisizwe) ki ..
to be made ill by ..(2) to nurse a patient, to give treatment
-kula2 (kusi) v.i. to have one's fill, to be satiated, to be satisfied: Ni
kusi I am full, I have had enough fig to be pregnant: ka kula mba ya mwa
nahe–i, to be big with an il-legitimate child. spec. exp. ka kula mba ya
mati, to crave for the food eaten by others. caus. -kulisa (kuli-size) (1)
to satisfy, to be nourish-ing. (2) to make pregnant: ka kulisa musali mba,
to make a woman pregnant, to get a girl into trouble, to put a woman in
the family way.
-kula3 (kulile) v.t. to draw out, to pull out (tooth, nail, etc .); to take
the handle off a hoe, to pluck fruit; to take to pieces (machin-ery). rel.
-kulela (kulezi) to ~ for someone caus. -kulisa (kulisize) to order or to
help to ~. stat. -kuleha (kulehile) (1) to be off the handle (axe, hoe,
etc ) to be moved out of place: Lihutu ia tafuleya ka li kulehile, a leg
of my table has come off (2) to miscarry Mba ya hae i kulehile, she had a
miscarri-age fig. to be out of sight (as a person absent for a long time):
Ali ka kuleha –ohola ha –oli, since he left his home last year he has not
written spec. exp.: ka kuleha pilu, to be absolutely without strength
kula4 (likula) n. feather head-dress worn by professional dancers.
-kulamba (kulambile) v.i. to be in great numbers (as people fishing together
in a fishing pond, or cattle grazing in a field, or wild animals gathered
together in a valley, or birds in a depression).
-kulauka (kulaukile) or -kuloka (ku-lokile) v.i. to be famous, to be stronger
than others (in any way) syn. -kangana.
-kuleha (kulehile) v.i. see: -kuh3 stat. -kuleka (kulekile) v.t. to carry a
load tied to the end of a stick. der. mukuleki, mukulekelo, sikulekelo,
makulekelo. rel. -kulekela ( kule-kezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -ku-lekisa
(kulekisize) to order or to help to ~. int. -kulekelela (kuleke-lezi) to
carry everything.
kuli, conj. that, in order that, so that: Ni bulela kuli u lEyehile, I say
that you are late, Mu pakele kuli mu fite ku sa bata, make an early start
so that you may arrive in the cool of the day.
Kuliso (likuliso) n. the bringing up or training of a child: kuliso ya bana,
children's education. (from: -hula).
kulol (likulo) n. place, spot: A si kulo bunde! what a beautiful place ! Ku-
lokuliku–wi, on the same spot.
kulo2 n. growth (From: -hula)
kulu (likulu) n. tortoise (commonly found in marshy places).
kulube (likulube) n. pig; kulube ya mwa nahe–i, wild-pig.
-kulubela (kulubezi) v.t. Luyana. to hope for, to expect: Ha ni koni ku
kulubela sika se ni sika bona. I cannot hope for something I have not
seen. der. –ulubeti. syn. -sepa. caus. -kulubeta (kulubetite) or -ku-
 lubelisa (kulubelisize) or -kulubeza (kulubelize) to promise. pass. -ku-
lubezwa (kulubelizwe) to be promi-sed.

-kulukusha (kulukushize) v.i. (1) to buzz (in the ear) see: mu–'a zebe. (2)
to make a rattling noise (as mice running about). (3) to shake a door (as
someone locked in or out).
kulukutu or lukutu! Ideoph. imita-ting the sound of any heayy object falling
down: Mutiyo a u lata wa li lukutufafasi, he threw off his load which fell
to the ground with a crash.
-kulula1¼ (kuluzi) v.t. to untie the load from one's carrying stick. rel. -
ku-lulela (kululezi) to untie someone's load. caus. -kululisa (kululisize)
to help someone to untie his load
-kulula2 (kuluzi) v.t. to eat green mealies, biting from the cob.
-kulula3 (kuluzi) v.t. to give a full ac-count of events (leaving nothing
unsaid): U kuluzi litaba za musƒpEli wa hae kaufela, he gave a detailed
account of his journey.
-kuluma (kulumile) v.i. to rumble (stomach): Mwa mba ya ka kwa kuluma, my
stomach is rumbling.
-kulumuka (kulumukile) v.i. to run. syn. -mata. rel. -kulumukela (kulu-
mukezi) to run to.
-kulumuna (kulumuzi) v.t. to pluck fruit from a tree: Ba kulumazi li-mango za
ka kaujela kwa kota, they have plucked all mangoes from my tree. der.
mukulumuni' sikulumu-niso' mukulumunelo. syn. -koyola' -yanga' -yangula.
rel. -kulumunela (kulumunezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -kulumunisa
(kulumunisize) to order or to help someone to ~. int. -lkulumunela
(ikulumunezi) to ~ for oneself
kulungu! inter;. entirely finished, accomplished! syn. mbu!
kulusupani (makulusupani) n. braces supporting trousers.
-kuma1 (kumile v.i. to amount to, to reach a certain size or height: Mwan'a
hao u kuma kai? how tall is Kour child? U nifile lizwai le li sa fcumi
koku–wi, the salt he gave me does not amount to much. caus. -kumisa
(kumisize) to mount or rise to: Mezi a kumisa kai mwa milapo? what height
does the water rise to in the depressions?
kuma2 (kumile) v.t. to eat raw bran of meal (millet). to eat sugar (chil-
3dren) rel. -kumela (kumezi) to eat someone s uncooked bran of millet or
sugar: U sike wa kumela natu mase a bona, don't eat people's bran . caus.
-kumisa ( ku-misize) to give someone bran to eat int. -kumelela (kumelezi)
to eat all the bran or sugar.
kuma3, n. papyrus, sedge growing in swamps (used to make mats).
-kuma-kuma (kuma-kumile) v.i. to be unwell (with reference to the Litunga, to
the members of his family, or any baby).
-kumalela (kumalezi) v.t. (1) to cling zto, to cleave to; (2) to stick to, to
adhere to: U sike wa kumalela mutu sya sa ku lati, don t cling to anyone
twho is not fond of you. der. Iuku-malela. caus. -kumalelisa (kumaleli-
Size) to cause to ~.
-kumba (kumbile) v.t. (1) to sit on eggs, to brood. (2) to keep one's legs
close together.
úkumbama (kumbami) v.i. to be sheltered from the wind; to be put up for the
night (travellers).
-kumbana (kumbani) v.i. to be narrow, strait munyako o kumbani, a narrow
gate. caus. -kumbanisa (kumbanisjze) to straiten, to make narrow.
-kumbeka (kumbekile) v.t. (1) to glVe travellers shelter for the night (2) to
paddie a canoe along the hank, to shelter it from the wind: Mu kumbeke
mukolo kwa mu-kenga, take the canoe along the bank.
-kumbela1 (kumbezi) v.t. to eat (with reference to the Litunga)
-kumbela2 (kumbezi) v.t. Luyana to beg, to ask for. der. mukumbeli,
mukumbeleti. syn. -kupa.
-kumbilikana (kumbilikani) v.i. to be stirred up (as a crowd amazed or
startled). der. –umbili.
-kumbula (kumbuzi) v.i. to disap-prove, to reproach, to growl, to murmur, to
mutter der. Iikambu. freq. -kumbaula (kumbauzi) fig. to roar (as a lion in
the forest).
-kumbuluka (kumbulukile) v.i. to become suddenly conscious of something, to
happen before one has time to realise anything: Ha ni yo kumbuluka, se ni
li mwahali a mapolisa; before I had time to realise it, I was surrounded
by police.
-kumuha (kumuhile) v.t. to come out, to be pulled out, extracted, uprooted:
Lino li kumuhile hande, the tooth came out easily. syn. -nyukuka.
-kumuhela (kumuhezi) v.t. to go out in great numbers to welcome or to fight
someone; Batu kaufela ba ku-muhezi ku Litunga, all the people went out to
welcome the Litunga'.
-kumula (kumuzi) v.t. to pull out, to extract, to uproot. der. mukumuli,
sikumuliso, mukumulelo. syn. -nyu-kula. rel. -kumulela (kumulezi) to ~ on
someone's behalf. caus. -kum lisa (kumulisize) to order or to help someone
to ~. int. -kumulelela (kumulelezi) to ~ completely. freq. -kumaula
(kumauzi) to ~ re-peatedly.
-kumwa (kumwile) or kumwata (kumwatile) v.t. to start to beat the small drum
in a set of three. der. si--

kumwa, mukumwati.
-kunda (kundile) v.t. to hide, to dis-simulate der. nekunda.
-kunda-kunda (kunda-kundile) v.i. to go on a beat (police-man), to go the
rounds. der. Iikunda-kundi.
-kundama (kundami or kundamile) v.i. to shelter oneself, to find shel-ter, to
take refuge. der. nekunda, mukunda. rel. -kundamela (kunda-mezi) fig. to
lie in ambush. caus. -kundamisa (kundamisize) to cause to ~.
-kundeka (kundekile) v.t. to hide, to put in a safe place or shelter rel. -
kundekela (kundekezi) to ~ for someone.
-kunduluka (kundulukile) v.i. to move stealthily in order to pass unobserved.
rel. -kundulukela (kun-dulukezi) to ~ in or at (a place) caus. -
kundulukisa (kundulukisize) to take something unobserved.
-kundumana (kundumani or kundu-manine) v.i. to be hunch-backed syn. -
tundubala. caus. -kundumanisa (kundumanisize) to cause some-one's
deformity.
-kundumbwa (kundumbwile) v.i. to move along gracefully with the (African)
skirt swaying. der. nali-kundumbwa.
-kundunga (kundungile) v.t. to stir with a stick or a spoon (food and
liquids). der. mukundungi, sikun-dungiso' mukundungelo. cf: -silula. rel.
-kundungela (kundungezi) to ~ for someone caus. -kundungisa (kandungisize)
to order or to help someone to ~.
kunduyamana (makunduyamana) n. Luyana. Iarge wild animal (eland, buffalo, etc
..) syn. Iikunduya-mana.
-kunga (kungile) or -kungushula (kungushuzi) v.t. to gather, to col-lect, to
muster.

-kungula (kunguzi) v.t. to take (a spear, a stick, etc . ) in order to stab

or to beat. rec. -kungulelana (kqngulelani or kungulelanile) (each) to
take spears or sticks in order to stab or to beat each other
-kunguluka (kungulukile) to come together, to assemble in great numbers
(people, cattle, etc . ) rel. -kungulukela (kungulukezi) to ~ somewhere:
Sicaba kaufela si kungulukezi ku Litunga, all the people have gone to sce
the Li-tunga
-kungumuna (kungumuzi) v.t. to call together, to collect (people or cattle)
rel. -kungumunela (kungu-munezi) to ~ for a purpose int. -kungumunelela
 (kungumunelezi) to collect all without exception. caus. -kungumunisa
(kungumunisize) to order or to help someone to ~.
-kungushula (kungusbuzi) v.t. sce: -kongoshola.
-kunka (kunkile) v.t. to light a large fire (travellers in the forest) caus.
-kunkisa (kunkisize) to order or to help someone to ~.
-kunkulika (kankulikile) v.i. to roam about, to wander all over (as someone
unable to stay any-where): Mwanana yo u kankulika hahulu, this child is
going about too much caus. -kunkulikisa (kan-kulikisize) to cause someone
to ~ (expecially young children). der. mukunkuliki.
-kunkumuna (kunkumuzi) v.t. to shake the branches of a tree, to make leaves
or fruit fall: Moya cwale u so kunkumuna matali a likota, the wind is
already making the leaves fall from the trees.
kuno–u, adj. brown (male cattle) With reference to women or female cattle:
kunwana. (See: bu-kano–u.)

kunu, noun taken adverbially: in an unknown way syn. itekelelwa' muye-muye,

nakuwana.
-kunuka (kunukile) v.i. to fall down (pot) causing the spilling of a liquid
-kununa (kunuzi) v.t. to push a pot, causing the spilling of a liquid.
-kunupa (kunupile) v.t. to fire a gun; to throw, to shoot (a stone, etc) at
someone or something: ku kueupa linyunywani, to shoot birds. der.
mukanupi, mukunupelo. syn. tunya. rel. -kunupela (kunupezi) to shoot for
someone. caus. -kunupisa (kunupisize) to cause someone to shoot ref. a) -
ikunupa (ikunupile) to shoot oneself. b) -ikunupela (ikunupezi) to shoot
(birds, ani-mals) for oneself.
kunupo (likunupo) n. button (see: -–omela).
kunutu (likunutu) n. secret, confi-dential matter: Mu sike mwa bulela
likunutu kwa batu, don't reveal se-crets to anyone
kunwa (bo-) gen. n. barbet (birds)
kunwana, adj. (See: kuno–u above.)
-kunyeka (kunyekile) v.t. (1) to smoke or dry by the fire (fish, meat,
tobacco, etc...). (2) to make someone work overtime; to delay people by
talking (or preaching) too long: Kacenu u lu kunyekile, today he has made
us work late. rel. -kunyekela (kunye-kezi) to ~ for someone
-ku–a (ku–ile) v.i. to shake with fear, to tremble, to shiver rel.-kunela
(kunezi) to shake with anger on account of someone, to be cross wlth
someone; to shiver with desire or through being over-joyed: U ku–ela
lisholi le li uzwize kubo ya hae, he is shaking with anger at the thief
who stole his blanket caus. -ku–isa (kuiiisize) to cause someone to
tremble or shiver.
-ku–ama (ku–ami or ku–amile) v.t. to catch and hold fast (as a thief caught
in the very act).
-ku–ukela (ku–ukezi) v.t. to hold someone strongly by the hand.
-ku–ula (ku–uzi) v.i. to speak (with reference to the chief)
-kunula (kunuluzi) v.t. to liberate someone from the effect of a mal-ediction
due to a spell. der. muku-–ululi,
-ku–wela (ku–wezi) v.t. to clear a forest garden of the bush which keeps
growing in it. rel. -ku–welela (ku–welezi) to ~ for someone caus. -ku–
welisa (ku–welisize) to I order or to help someone to ~.
-ku–weta (ku–wetite or ku–wetile) v.t. to cast a spell (witchcraft) inv. -ku–
ulula (ku–uluzi) sce: -ku–ulula. der. siku–u, muku–u.
-kuomboka n. name given to the Lozi ceremony when people vacate flooded
plains for dry higher land.
-kupa1 (kupile) v.t. to beg, to ask for, to request: Ni kupa sEco, I beg for
food; U kupa sibaka, he asks for permission; ba kupa kelezo ku mina, they
request your advice. der. mukupi, kupo, mukupelo. rel. -kupela (kupezi) to
ask on behalf of someone. caus. -kupisa (kupisize) to cause someone to ask
 for; to ask in the name of someone without his f knowledge: Se si ni
kupisa lico ki tala, it is hunger that makes me ask for food; U sike wa yo
ni kupisa, u yo kupa ili wena, don't ask in my name, ask for yourself.
ref. -lku-pela (ikupezi) to present one's own request
kupa2 (likupa) n. empty snail shell. syn. –ongolo.
kupo (likupo) n. request, applica tion, prayer. (from: -kupa)
kupuka2 (kupukile) v.i. to go with the current (as fish spreading with flood
water); to float along (as maize cobs from flooded gardens).
kupuka2 (kupukile) v.i. to become rich, well off, prosperous: Musho-kabanji
ne li njebwe, kacenu sa kupu-kile bake–i sa ka Cola mail ama–ata;
Mushokabanji was a poor man, but he is well off today due to the large
salary he is drawing. caus. -kupula (kupuzi) to enrich, to make wealthy.
-kupula (kupuzi) v.i. & v.t. to jump with a stroke of the tail (fish); to
strike with the tail (with reference to a crocodile taking its prey into
water).
kupuliso (likupuliso) n. reminder. (from: -hupula) syn. kupuzo.
kupulo (likupulo) n. thought, inten-tion, mind: Ni na ni kupulo ya ka yaha
ndu unomwaha, it is my inten-tion to build a house this year. (from: -
hupula).
kupuzo (likupuzo) n. reminder memorial, remembrance: Sikolo sa Munali ki
kupuzo ya David Living-stone, Munali School is a mem-orial to David
Livingstone. (from: -hupula).
-kusha (kushize) v.t. to shake a cala-bash into which water has been poured
to clean it. rel. -kusheza (kuhelize) to ~ for someone, to ~ In a certain
place: Uyo kusheza sih-wana kwa liabwa, go and wash the. calabash at the
canal.
kushoni (likushoni) n. Eng. cushion.
-kushuka (kushukile) v.i. to break-fast. der. mukushuko. caus. -kushu-kisa
(kushukisize) to give someone food for his breakfast.
-kushula1 (kushuzi) v.t. to eat food (as sweet potatoes or roasted cas-sava
roots) and drink milk by turns. caus. -kushulisa (kushulisize) to
alternate food and drink.
-kushula2 (kushuzi) v.t. to take off the pulp of leaves (sisal, aloe, etc.)
to get the fibres. (see: lukushe).
kusili, adv. elsewhere, somewhere else; in an other way or manner Ha lo yi
kwa Serbia, lo ya kusili; we are not going to Sefula, we are going
somewhere else; Mo ba sebe-leza ki kusili, the way they do it is
different.
-kusufala (kusufezi) v.i. to be short. caus. -kusufaza (kusufalize) to
shorten.
kuswani, adj. short (in time or space): mazazi amakuswanifela, a few days
only, a short time; sibaka sesikuswani, a short distance. mute
yomukuswani, a short person.
kuta1 (likuta or makuta) n. public court, tribunal, council: mwa kuta in the
court-house; ka isana kwa kuta, to go to law, to litigate, to carry on a
lawsuit.
-kuta2 (kutile) v.t. to curse, to wish evil upon, to utter imprecations: Ku
maswe mushemi ka kuta mwan'a Rae, it is bad for a parent to invoke evil
upon his child. der. mukuti, sikut. syn. -ndandala. rel. -kutela (kutezi)
to curse on account of, or on someone's behalf. caus. -kutisa (kutisize)
to subject someone to a curse, to cause misfortune to someone. ref. -
lkutisa (ikutisize) to make oneself liable to a curse.
kuta3 (kutile) v.t. Eng. to give a hair cut; to shear (sheep): KimanEya mi
Utile? who has cut your hair? der. mukuti, mukutelo, sikutiso. syn. -
kukula. rec. -kutana (kutani or ku-tanile) to cut each other's hair. ref.
-lkuta (ikutile) as rec.
kuta4 (kutile) v.i. to return, to go heck. to rome hong: Haiba mu funduka
kacenu, mu ka kuta lili? if you j L go today, when will you come back?
syn. -menuha. fig. to die of old age. syn. -holoha. der. kutisano. rel. -
kutela (kutezi) to go back to to return to: U kutezi kwa hae mabani, he
went back home yesterday. pass -kutelwa (kutezwi) followed by 'ki': to
gain, to profit, to obtain a compensation: Ha ni kutelwi ki sesinwi mwa
tekiso ya ka, I get no profit from my sales. caus. -kutisa (kutisize) (1)
to take back, to send or give back, to return: I<:amuso ni ka kutisa
mukeke wa mina, I shall return your plate to-morrow- (2) to be profitable:
Mu-sebezi o kutisa Mali, a profitable job. spec. exp. Ku kutisa moya, to
recover from a fainting fit; ka kutisa mahutu, to go back (with ref-erence
to a bride visiting her parents after the wedding); ka kutisa musali, to
remarry a former wife; ka kutisa ndu ya wa habo mute, to marry the widow
of a dead rela-tion rec. -kutisana (kutisaniJ to become reconciled.
-kuta5 to shrink: Hembeya ka ikutile my shirt has shrunk
-kutaza (kutalize) v.t. to exhort, to urge to good deeds; to preach. der.
mukutazi, kutazo.
kutazo (likutazo) n. exhortation; re-ligious message. (from: -kutaza) cf.
tuto.
-kuteka (kutekile) v.t. to show re-spect, to, to honour: Kuteka nda-taho ni
maho, honour your father and your mother. der. Iikute. syn. -tompa. rel. -
kutekela (kutekezi) to ~ on account of stat. -kutekeha (h tekehile) to be
honoured. rec. -ku-tekana (kutekani) to honour each other freq. -kutekanga
to have the habit of showing respect. ref. -iku-teka (ikutekile) to have
self-re-spect.

-kutekela (kutelezi) v.t. (1) to con-sent for politeness sake (2) to accuse
falsely U sike wa kutelela mute ka sa sika eza, don't accuse anyone
without sufficient grounds der. kutululo. inv. -kutulula (kutu-luzi) to
bring to light someone's guilt.
kuti, see: kutwi.
kutisano, n. reconciliation (from:-kuta)
kuto (likuto) n. full stop (between sentences) (.)
-kutula1 (kutuzi) v.t. to harvest, to reap, to gather in: Unomwaha lu kutuzi
lico zenata, this year we ga-thered in good crops. der. muku-tuli,
mukutulisi, kutulo, sikutulelo. rel. -kutulela (kutulezi) to ~ for someone
caus. -kutulisa (kutuli-size) to order or to help to ~ int. -kutulelela
(kutulelezi) to gather in the whole crop.
kutula2 (likutula) n. stout, strong healthy man.
kutulo (likutulo) n. harvest (from: -kutula)
kutululo, n. evidence (from:-kute- | Bela) l
-kutumana (kutumani or kutumanine) v.i. (1) to be silent, pensive, quiet: Mu
sike mwa kutumanafela, |mu no ambola, don't keep so quiet, make
conversation. (2) to be eased, relieved: Butuku be kutu- manifela, the
pain is only tempo- rarily eased cf: -ulumana. caus. -kutumanisa
(kutumanisize) to cause someone to keep quiet; to alleviate pain.
kutwana (likutwana) n. colon (:) syn. koloni.
kutwano (likutwano) n. concord, harmony, agreement (from: -utwa).
kutwelo-butuku, n. pity, compassion (from -utwa).
kutwi or kuti, expression meaning: it is said, they say, etc.: Ni utwile
fela kutwi, ha ni sika utwa hande, I have just heard people saying so, I
cannot affirm it. Kutwi cwaiii? what do you say? what do you mean?
kutwisiso, n. understanding, intelli-gence. (from: -utwa).
-kuwa1 (kuwile) v.t. Luyana. to shout. syn. -huwa. der. kakuwa.
-kuwa2 (kuwile) v.i. to come to an end, to be finished (with reference to
fruit when the season is over): Miselo i se i kuwile mwa mushitu the wild
fruit are already finished in the forest.
kuwani (likuwani) n. hat, head-dress.
-kuwela (kuwezi) v.t. to drive cattle beating them, in order to make them go
quickly. fig. to use strong means to gather people together.
kuye-kuye, adv. in the distant future. idiom. exp: Kuye-kuye ni wena konji u
swane ni na, one day in the distant future, we shall all be the same.
(lit: in the distant future you will not avoid being in the same position
as myself ... we shall all be dead!).
-kuyuka (kuyukile) v.i. to become soft, worn, thin through use: Lisila le se
li kurukile. this cloth has al-ready become thin. fig. to cool down, to
subside: Buhali bwa hae bu kuyukile. his anger has subsided. caus. -kuyula
(kuyuzi) to soften. fig. to make cool, to moderate, to pacify.
-kuyula (kuyuzi) v.i. to grumble to be discontented. dissatisfied. un-
grateful: Ku maswe ku/i kafa wa ca. kafa wa kurula, it is impolite to
grumble about hunger while eating. der. mukuvwe.
-kuza (kuzize) v.i. to become or keep silent, to hold one's tongue. to cease
crying: A mu kuze kaufela mina, please be silent all of you. fig. to cease
blowing (wind); to be calm (river): Kacenu ku kazize hakuna mova, today it
is cahn, there is no wind; U sabafela ku ,vi/a, nuka i kuzize! he just
fears to cross, for the river is quite calm. rel. -kuzeza (kuzelize) to
keep pur-posely silent. caus. -kuzisa (kuzi-size) to make silent, to
appease, to quieten, to calm: Banana a mu kuze! children stop this noise!
kuzana (likuzana) n. Sotho. orphan. syn. ndiyala.
kwa1, prep. to, from, in, at: there: some of: Ni ya kwa naka, I am going to
the river: Llu ya kwa baluti, we are going to the teach-ers: Ba zwa kwa
Nalolo, they come from Nalolo Banana ba yo tapa kwa nuka, the children are
going to swim in the river: Mu ta mufumana kwa Lealui, you will find him
at Lealui: Mo nife kwatei1i, give me some of it: etc . ..
kwa2, adv. of place. (a) used on its own: Niya kwa, I am going there. (b)
used to form compound ad-verbs of place (or prepositions) such as:
kwahalimu, kwatasi, kwa-tuko, etc . . . (see under such ad-verbs or
prepositions).
kwa3, indef. pron. some (of): Mu nife kwa sico sa mina, give me some of your
food please.
-kwa4 (kwile) v.i. (1) to spit. fig. to give up bad manners: U .vi kwe.' give
up doing so: beware! (2) to be weaned: Mbututu vo na sa lukeli ku kwa nako
ve, this baby should not have been weaned at this time. cf. -umuka. rel. -
kwela (kwezi) to spit on, or in the direction of: ku kwela fafa.vi, to
spit on the ground. idiom. exp. ku kwela mutu mati, to bless someone
(blessing given by parents or elders) caus. -kwisa (kwisize) to make
someone spit; to wean fig. to make someone give up an evil habit
-kwaa (kwaile) v.t. (1) to spread fame to make someone famous: Mute yo ba mu
kwaa ka bunde, they speak highly of that person; (2) to spread malicious
report, to defame: Mute yo ba mu kwaa ka bu-maswe. they speak evil of that
person der. Iukwaa.
-kwaaela (kwaaezi) v.i. to be uncon-querable Manna yo wa kwaaela, hakuna ya
kona ka mu bita; this man is very strong, no one can throw him down.
kwaba1 (likwaba) n. Eng. guava
kwaba2, adj. white and brown(male cattle): Puluyekwaba, awhite-and-brown ox
(with reference to female cattle: kwabana).
-kwabaela (kwabsezi) v.i. to walk heavily moving one's arms. rel. -kwabaelela
(kwabaelezi) to ~ to-wards a place. caus. -kwabaelisa (kwabaelisize) to
make someone to ~
-kwaboka (kwabokile) v.i. see: -kwe-boka.
kwacha (likwacha) n. Zambian unit of money worth hundred ngwee.
-kwacisa (kwacisize) v.t. Eng. to catch someone unawares.
-kwaeza (kwaelize) v.t. to drive a span of draught oxen. der. muk-waezi. rel.
-kwaezeza (kwaezelize) to ~ for someone caus. -kwaezisa (kwaezisize) to
help someone to ~.
kwahalimu, adv. upwards: Talima kwahalimu, look upwards
-kwahela (kwahezi) v.i. & v.t. (1) to overspread (clouds): Male a kwa-hezi,
the sky is cloudy (2) to cover, to put a lid on Mu kwahele pa pizana,
cover the pot (3) spec. exp: ka kwahela matufa piza, to give a patient a
vapour bath. der. sikwahelo, sikwahezo, mukwahe-lelo. fig. exp: Unomwaha
ki silimo sa kwahela, this year is a year of famine. rel. -kwahelela
(kwahelezi) to cover for someone; to put something under cover: Mu kwahe-
lele kulu mwa mukeke, put the tor-toise in a covered dish. caus. -kwa-
helisa (kwahelisize) to order or to help someone to cover. inv. -kwa-
hulula (kwahuluzi) to uncover, to remove a lid.
kwahule, adv. far: U zwa kai? Ni zwa kwahule! where are you coming from? I
come from far away! prep. kwahule ni, far from: Ni kwahule ni wena, I am
far from you. (see: hale),
kwai (likwai) n. tobacco, snuff, cigarette: Kwai ya mina i buhali hahulu,
your tobacco is very strong.
-kwaka1 (kwakile) v.t. to rumour, to circulate (by good or bad report), to
spread tales: Taba ya hae ba i kwakile naha kaufela, they have spread
reports of his action throughout the whole land.
-kwaka2 (kwakile) v.t. to rub (medi-cine): Ni bata ka mu kwaka mulyani mwa
mukokoto, I want to rub some medicine on his back. rel. -kwa-kela
(kwakezi) to ~ on someone's behalf. caus. -kwskisa (kwakisize) to order or
to help someone to ~.
-kwakala (kwakalile) v.i. to be scat-tered: Likomu li kwakalile mwa libala,
the cattle are scattered all over the plain. fig. to get spread (rumours).
-kwakaleka (kwakalekile) v.t. to scatter things all over, to throw carelessly
about: Mu sike mwa kwa-kaleka libyana mwa ndu, don't scat-ter things all
over the house.

-kwakuka (kwakukile) v.i. to be well scrubbed or cleaned.

-kwakula (kwakuzi) v.t. to scrub, to cleanse; to rub in medicine. rel.-
kwakulela (kwakulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -kwakulisa (kwaku-lisize) to
order or to help to ~.
-kwakwata (kwakwatile) v.t. to catch fish with the hand in shallow water.
der. mukwakwati. rel. -kwakwatela (kwakwatezi) to ~ for someone, to ~ in a
certain place. caus. . -kwakwatisa ( kwskwatisize ) to order or to help
someone to ~.
-kwala (kwalile) v.t. to shut, to close: Mu kwale sikwalo, shut the door.
der. sikwaliso, mukwalelo. rel. -kwalela (kwalezi) to shut Mwa-nana ba mu
kwalezifande, they shut the child out. in or out: caus. -kwa-lisa
(kwalisize) to cause or to help to ~. int. -kwalelela (kwalelezi) to close
all doors. stat. -kwaleha (kwalehile) to be shut: Munyako u kwalehile, the
entrance is shut inv. -kwalula (kwaluzi) to open (see: -kwalula). ref. -
kwala (ikwalile) to shut itself.
kwalata (likwalata) n. roan or sable antelope.
kwale, adv. yonder. cf. kwani.
-kwalela (kwalezi) v.i. to breathe with difficulty: MukulEyo u kwalezi mwa
sifuba, the patient breathes with difficulty. caus. -kwalelisa
(kwalelisize) to cause to ~.
-kwalipana (kwalipani) v.i. to con-test with someone of equal strength.
-kwaloka (kwalokile) v.i. to move with speed, to walk hurriedly: Mu no
kwaloka kwa ku zamaya, hurry up when you walk. rel, -kwalokela (kwalokezi)
to hurry on to. caus. -kwalokisa (kwalokisize) to cause to ~: Kacenu lu ka
kwalokisa musebezi wa luna, today we shall do our work in no time at
 all. rel. -kwaloki-seza ( kwalokiselise) to do some-thing quickly for
someone: Mu ni kwalokiseze bakiyeo, bring me that jacket quickly.
-kwaluha (kwaluhile) v.i. to get opened. fig. exp. ku kwaluha toho to be
clever, highly educated.
-kwalula (kwaluzi) or -kwalulula (kwaluluzi) v.t. to open: U sike wa kwalula
sikwalo, don't open the door. rel. -kwalulela (kwalulezi) to ~ to or for:
Mu ni kwalulele likapa le open this tin for me. caus. -kwalu-lisa
(kwalulisize) to order or to help someone to ~. int. -kwalule-lela
(kwalulelezi) to open all doors. int-stat. -kwaluluha (kwaluluhile) to be
open, to get opened. ref. -lkwa-lula (ikwaluzi) to open itself.
kwamulaho, adv. afterwards behind. prep. (kwamulaho a) after. See: mwamulaho.
-kwana (kwanile) v.i. to be suffi-cient, to be complete: Bana ba sikolo ha ba
sika kwana kale, there are not enough children at the school yet. fig, to
be up to the mark or standard: Mutu yo ha sika kwana hande, this man is
not up to the standard. caus. -kwanisa (kwa-nisize) to complete, to make
suffi-cient, to bring to the required amount: Mu ka kwanisa lili litina za
mina? when will you complete your quota of bricks?
-kwandanga ( kwandangile ) v. i. to be doubtful, uneasy in mind. caus.-
kwandangisa (kwandangisize) to make someone doubtful.
kwande, adv. outside, out-of-doors, in open air: Mu ine kwande, sit out-side.
prep. apart from, except: Kwand'a mwana ka yo hakuna usili ya ka ni tusa,
apart from my child there is no one else to help me.

kwandu, n. a chief's resident or palace.

-kwanganya (kwanganyize) v.t. to catch in the very act, to seize and hold
fast: Zazi ni ka kwanganya mutu mwa simu ya ka ni ka mu nata hahulu, the
day I catch somebody in my garden I shall beat him soundly. syn. -swala.
-kwanguka1 (kwangukile) v.i. to be a wide open place: Bulozi bu kwang-ukile,
the Bulozi Plain is a wide open space.
-kwanguka2 (kwangukile) v.i. to have strong healthy lungs, to be in good
health.
-kwangula ( kwanguzi) v.i. to raise the voice (people), to bellow nois-ily
(cattle).
-kwangulula (kwanguluzi) v.t. to drink becr remaining in a pot.
-kwani, adv. over there. cf. kwale.
-kwankumuka (kwankumukile) v.i. to come off (dry bark from a dead tree).
-kwankumuna (kwankumuzi) v.t. to remove a large piece of bark from a dead
tree. rel. -kwankumunela (kwankumunezi) to gather dry bark for someone.
caus. -kwanku-munisa (kwankumunisize) to order or to help someone to
gather dry bark.
-kwanula (kwa–uzi) v.t. to eat food grcedily, being never satisfied with
one's share. der. mukwanuli.
-kwaota (kwaotile) v.t. to carry a small load in the hand. cf. -lwala. Rel. -
kwaotela (kwaotezi) to ~ for someone.
kwanu, adv. here: Amu tahe kwanu, come here.
kwapili, adv. ahead, beforez for-ward prep. (kwapili a) in front of. See:
pili.
-kwasa (kwasize) v.i. to boil (as a potful of fresh fish or meat)

-kwasa-kwasa (kwasa-kwasize) v.t. to try to catch, to try to hold (with

reference to anything dropping from the hands or to someone run-ning
away).
-kwasha (kwashize) v.i. to clap hands rhythmically assisting a i dancer. rel.
-kwashela (kwashezi) to clap hands for a professional dancer, or for a
girl during her ini-tiation.
-kwashama (kwashami or kwasha-mile) v.i. to lie falt (as a drunkard or a dead
person).
-kwasheka (kwashekile) v.t. to cheat, to deceive, to betray. der. kakwasha.
syn. -puma.
-kwashoka (kwashokile) v.i. to walk hurriedly. der. Iikwashauki.
-kwashuka (kwashukile) v.i. as: -kwashama.
kwashula (kwashuzi) v.i. to hurry, to ] make haste, to be quick. der. sik-
washu.
-kwata (kwatile) v.t. Luyana. to marry (man) der. Iikwata.
kwatasi, adv. under, underneath, below, down, downwards: Lu ya kwatasi, we go
downwards (health). prep. (kwatasi a) under: Ni fumani buka kwatas'a
tafule, I found the book under the table.
kwatuko, adv. apart, aside. prep. (kwatuko a) on the side of, near.
kwaula1 (kwauzi) v.i. to walk in a soldier-like manner (swinging the arms) to
swing arms.
-kwaula2 (kwauzi) v.t. to hold fast in order to beat or to strangle: Zazi ni
ta ku kwaula ni ta ku holofaza maswe; the day I take hold of you, I shall
hurt you badly.
kwaulu, kwausu, conj. were it not, had it not been: Kwaulu ni be teini kabe
ba mu bulaile, had I not been present, they would have killed him.

-kwayuka (kwyukile) v.i. to look greyish (the skin when in need of soap or
ointment). caus. -kwayula (kwayuzi) or-kwayukisa (kwayuki-size) to make
grey: Mezi a sina mulola a kwayula mubili, water without soap makes the
skin grey.
-kwaza1(kwazize) v.t. to stab with a spear. der. mukwazi, mukwazo.
-kwaza2 (kwazize) v.t. to complete an appointed task. der. mukwazo.
kwe! interj. expressing dissent: Kwe! Mute yo ha ni na ka ya ni yena! no
fear, I shall not go with that person.
-kweboka (kwebokile) v.i. to walk hurriedly. syn. -kwaboka. rel. -kwe-bokela
(kwebokezi) to to a place, to for a purpose. caus. -kwebokisa
(kwebokisize) to cause someone to ~.
kwebu, adj. grey and white (male cattle) (with reference to female cattle:
kozwana).
-kwebula (kwebuzi) v.t. to take something away stealthily or unobserved: Ki
ma–i ya kwebuzi kuwani ya ka? who has taken away my hat? rel. -kwebulela
(kwebulezi) to from, or on someone's behalf.
-kweca-meno (kwecile-meno) v.t. to gnash or grind the teeth. der. Iik-weca-
meno.
-kweceka (kwecekile) v.t. to catch with a rope (cattle).
-kweela (kweezi) v.i. Luyana. to lose the benefit of privileges because of
one's misbehaviour. der. muk-weela.
-kweka (kwekile) v.i. to stay long with people expecting a gift (food). rel.
-kwekela (kwekezi) to stay long for a definite purpose: Ku kwekela lico,
to stay long hoping to be asked to a meal.
-kwekuka (kwekulile) v.i. to be hair-less, bald; to be stripped off cover
ing: ka kwekuka meto, to be bare (with reference to eyes stripped off
eyelashes). interj. kwekuu ! Toho ya hae i pi kwekuu! his head is bald;
his head is clean shaven!
-kwekula (kwekuzi) v.t. to strip, to scrub, to make free of blemish: Mu
kwekule table, scrub the table.
-kwekunyuka (kwekunyukile) v.i. to be bare (as a bone without meat). -
kwekunyuna (kwekunyuzi) v.t. to nibble at a bone and leave it clean. fig.
to dispossess someone, to take away someone's property due to insolvency,
or divorce.
-kwekwelekana (kwekwelekani) v.i. to cluck (hen after egg-laying).
-kwekwema (kwekwemile) v.i. to laugh without reason (especially of children).
rel. -kwekwemela (kwek-wemezi) to in or at (a place). caus. -kwekwemisa
(kwekwemisize) to cause someone to.
-kwekwenya (kwekwenyize) v.t. to slander, to speak evil of an absent person:
Mwa ni kwekwenya ha ni li siyo! you slander me when I am not present. syn.
-wewenya. caus. -kwekwenyisa ( kwekwenyisize) to cause to.
-kwela (kwezi) v.t. to board (train, car or aircraft): Kamuso ni ka kwela
kakusasa, tomorrow I shall get on the train in the morning. cfi -longana.
rel. -kwelela (kwelezi) to in or at (a place): Lo kwelezi mwa Libingi, we
boarded the train at Livingstone. caus. -kwelisa (kweli-size) to see
someone off; to pay someone's fare.
kwele (likwele) n. leather strap; thong (formerly used to fasten skin
skirts).
kweli (likweli) n. (1) the moon: Kweli ha i tasa, the new moon kweli ha i li
Pa busweu, the fuli moon; Kweli ha i ya kwa tiff, the waning moon. the
last quarter. (2) a month (lunar or calendar):
Sope January (the first month for food)
Yowa February (the water is spreading)
Liatamanyi March (the flood is up)
Lungu April (the water stands still)
Kandao May (the water recedes)
Mbuwana June (the days change)
Sikulu July (the month of great winds)
Muyana August (the month of little sun)
Muimunene September (the month of fierce sun)
Yenda October (the month of sun and rain)
Njimwana November (the month of little food)
Nulule December (the month of hunger)
Sikweti-kweti (the thirteenth lunar month accord-ing to Lozi tradition)
spec. exp: ka tulwa ki kweli, to miss a period (with reference to a woman
in the early stages of pregnancy).
kwelyuka (kwelyukile) v.i. to flash past, to pass quickly: Ni boni mute ya
kwelyukile Pa, I saw someone flashing past. syn. -kweshuka. freq. -
kwelyauka (kwelyaukile) or -kwe-lyoka (kwelyokile) to roam about
(especially at night); to walk steal-thily, eavesdropping. caus. -kwe-
lyaukisa (kwelyaukisize) (1) to cause someone to roam about through fear
of being caught: Se si mu kwelyaukisa cwana ki sika ma–i? what makes him
roam about in that way? (2) to move something from place to place in order
to hide it: U sike wa kwelyaukisa baki ya ka cwalo, don't try to hide my
jacket in that way!
-kwemuna (kwemuzi) v.t. to beat severely with a sjambok. freq. -kwemauna
(kwemauzi) to repeat-edly . rel. -kwemaunela ( kwemau-nezi) to repeatedly
on someone's behalf caus. -kwemaunisa (kwe-maunisize) to cause someone to
~ repeatedly.

kwena1 (likwena) n. crocodile fig. a stingy person syn. ngandu, siyanga,

imashamba.
kwena2 (likwena) n. pliers, small i pacers.
-kwena-kwena (kwena-kwenile) v.i. to look for hurriedly, to scarch: Ni li ka
kwena-kwena muhuma wa ka ha ni u bond look round as I may, I don't find my
hoe. der. Iikwena-kwena. cf. -yela-yela. caus. -kwena-kwenisa (kwena-
kwenisize) to chase, to pursue in order to catch
-kwenanga (kwenangile) v.i. to be bereaved, to be left alone; to be
unsuccessful in looking for help der. samakwenanga.
-kwendauka (kwendaukile) v.i. to swing, to move to and fro (any-thing hanging
in air) caus. -kwen-daukisa (kwendaukisize) to cause to Moya u kwendaukisa
mutiyo wa ka, the wind is swinging the load tied to the end of my carrying
stick
-kwenga (kwengile) v.t. to fish with a basket (women). der. mukwengi, syn. -
shuwa. rel. -kwengela (kweng-ezi) to for someone caus. sikweng-iso -
kwengisa (kwengisize) to help someone to.
-kwenga-meno ( kwengile-meno ) v.t . to gnash teeth as a hippopotamus when
cicanilig its mouth aftcr cut-ting in two a person it caught.
-kwenguka ( kwengukile) v.i. to be cloudlcss: Kacenu ku keengukile keahalimu,
today the sky is blue.
-kwengula (kwenguzi) v.i. to speak loudly. der. makwengula.
-kwenuha ( kwenuhile) v.i. (1) to turn hack. to retrace one's steps to return
Ml~ ka kwemlha /ili7 when will you come back'? (2) to change one's mind.
to retract to break a promise: to backslide. der. muhwe-nuhi hukwenuhi
rel. -kwenuhela (kwenuhezi) to turn against: to turn away from: Liywalili
u ni kwe-nuhezi, Liywalii has turned away f'rom me. caus. -kwenula
(kwenuzi) or -kwenuhisa ( kwenuhisize) to cause to.
-kwenuka(kwenukile) v.i. to look for anything lost or missing: Ni li ka
keemxta mean'a ka ni palezzi ku n1u /innana, although I looked hard for my
child I have failed to find him.
-kwenyuka ( kwenyukile ) v.i. to be left destitute. caus. -kwenvuna
(kwenvuzi) to dispossess: Ba mu keeniu i ca hae kauJela, they have taken
away all his property.
-kwesa (kwesize) v t. to fit a handle to: Mu kwese n?uhuoza ua ka. please fit
a handle to my hoe. der. muk-wesi mukweso mukwesezo. rel. -kweseza
(kweselize) to for some-one. caus. -kwesisa (kwesisize) to order or to
help someone to.
-kweshuka (kweshukile) v.i. to flash past. to pass quickly. syn. -kwe-lyuka.
caus. -kweshula (kweshuzi) to take away quickly or stealthily.
kweta1 (iikweta) n. bribe: ku leka keeta. to bribe: ku leka mutu keeta to
bribe someone in order to get another into trouble.
-kweta2 (kwetile) v.i. to sprain. syn. -leya.
-kwica (kwicize) v t to draw or bend back: Kaze i keicize manala, the cat has
drawn back its claws.
-kwicana ( kwicani ) v.i. to get re-tracted closed: Manala a ka:e a kwicani,
thc cat's claws are in.
-kwikwilikana (kwikwilikani) v.i. ERng. to work hastily: Mu keikwili-kane
mu.sebezi mu c aele kapili, hurry up with the work so that you mav soon go
home.
kwiti n. the depth of hollow-ware: mukeke ua keiti. a hollow dish. a bowl.
L
l, Has the same phonetic sound as in English.
la (I ) pron. subj. (class: li - ma) used when the verb has no other object
except a simple pronoun: Libizo le la ni lultela, this mime suits me. (2)
poss. part. (class: li - ma): Liselo la ma Mubita. Ma Mubita's basket.
-laa (laile) v.t. to teach what is good: ku laa mwalyanjo mwa si- kenge, to
give good advice to a girl during her initiation. rei. int. -lae-lela
(laelezi) to give strong advice to a girl on behalf of someone: U yo ni
laelela mwan'a ka, please go and advice my daughter. der. mulao c". -
ndanga.
-laba (labile) v.t. to paddle to row (in deep water) der. silabo. fig. to
call to summon: Kapasu ki kale a to mu laba ku mu isa kwa Kuta, a
messenger has already summoned him to Court. rel. -labela (labezi} to
paddle towards: Labela kwa li-kamba, paddle towards the shore. red caus. -
laba-labisa (laba-labisize) to assist someone in paddling for a little
while: A ku yeme, u to ni laba-labisa kwateni, Iu fa ntusweto otata, stand
up and help me paddle. we are against a strong current. int. -labelela
(labelezi) to paddle quickly and strongly some-where: Mu labelele kwa
mwalala. Iu sabe kubu vani, paddle quickly to shallow water (with a sandy
bottom) so as to escape that hippo. red. -laba-laba (laba-labile) to swim
like a duck or a dog.
-laba-laba (laba-labile) v.i. to be greedy. syn. -labana.
-labana (labani or labanile) v.i. to be eager for (food): Mwanana umaswe ku
labana ha bona lico, it is bad for a child to show his eagerness when he
sees food. rel. -labanela (laba-nezi) to want eagerly: Zwa u yo la-banela
lico koo, go away and show your greediness elsewhere. caus. -labanisa
(labanisize) to cause to be greedy: Se .vi mu lahanlsa ki tala, it is
hunger that makes him greedy.
-labela (labezi) v.t. to dig up earth and heap it up: Ku lahela mikf)-mena
lsa musnja ni ngulu ku tata hahulu, it is very difficult to dig up earth
and prepare beds for cassava and sweet potatoes. rel. -labelela
(labelezi) to dig up earth and heap it up for someone: ku lahelela Mulena
mikomena, to dig up earth and make beds for the Chief. caus. -labelisa
(labelisize) to help to ~: Kamuso u to ni lahelisa kww muko-mena wa ka
tomorrow come and help me to dig up earth for my cas-sava bed.
-labeta (labetile) v.t. to snap up to snatch to catch insects (lizard
chameleon etc.): to take into the mouth with the tongue in order to
swallow (person).
-labisha (labishize) v.t. Eng. to throw away. fig. to get rid of to send away
to repudiate: Ni lahS .shize musal 'a ka kakuli na ni kataza. I divorced
my wife because she was worrymg me.
-labuka ( labukile) v.i. to spring from: Mala a hae a labukile, ha mu tahile
tipa, his bowels are hanging out for they stabbed him with a knife. fig.
to explode in a conversa-tion: Yena ha hulela ki ku latuka fela, when he
speaks he cannot re-frain from losing his temper. rel.-labukela (labukezi)
to happen to: l' labukezwi ki kozi, he has been in-volved in an accident.
he is facing a big problem or he is in big trouble caus. a) -labukisa
(labuki-size) to cause to come out: b) -labula (labuzi) to bring out: U
lahuzi naha muw mu.sima, he has pulled a snake from its hole. fig. to
reveal: t ' lahuzi taha l e tuna, he has revealed an important matter.
der. kalilabule. inv. -labulula (labuluxi) to pull out repeatedly (from a
bag. a basket. etc.). ref. -ltabulela (ita-bulezi) to compromise oneself
to commit a blunder: U itahule:i mu/atu, he has committed a blunder which
will lead him into trouble:
-labwatika (lab vatikile) v.i. to . jabber, to talk nonsense: Mute u maswe ka
labwatikafela ha bulela, it is bad for someone to talk non-sense. rel. -
labwatikela (labwati-kezi ): U mu labwatikezi litaba ze mu nyemisize, he
 has spoken nonsense to the man, which has infuriated him. caus. -
labwatikisa (labwatiki-size) to cause someone to ~: Se si mu labwatikisize
swab ki bacwala, it is beer that has made him speak such nonsense.
-laela (bezi) v.t. to order. to com-mand, to bid: ka laela mwana ka several
to order a child to work. der. taelo. rel. -laelela (laelezi): Ni mu
laelezi kuli a sike a lwana hape. I have ordered him not to fight again.
red. -laela-laela laela-laezi) to order occasionally: Ha u laeia-laelafela
ze sina tuso, bate ha ba na ka ka utwa; if you continue to give useless
orders. people will not obey you.
-laeza (laelize) v.t. to take one-s leave. to bid farewell, to say good-bye.
der. taezo, mulaeza. rec. -lae-zana (laezani) to say good-bye to each
other. ref. -ltaeza (itaelize) as rec.: Kamuso ni ka taha, lo to itaeza
hande. I shall come tomorrow and we shall say good-bye to each other.
-lafal (lafile) v.t. to delve. to dig J (clay ore, etc.). to take honey-
combs out of beehives: Ku lafa linosi mwa mpako ki ka lwana ni limuka,
taking honeycombs from a hole in a tree brings trouble with l the bees!
der. silafo, mulafi. rel. -lafela (lafezi) to dig for someone. caus. -
lafisa (lafisize) to help to l : dig: ki ma–i ya ka to ni laf sa lizupa? l
who will help me to dig clay? inv. - lafulula (lafuluzi) to dig out for
the second time: Kacenu ni labile mwa silafo sa ka, mi ni kamuso ni sa go
lafulula tent today I dug clay in my spot and shall dig it again to-
morrow. ref. -ltafela (itafezi) to dig out for oneself: Niyo itafe/a
lizupa ni to bupa lipiza, I am going to dig out some clay to make pots.
-lafa2 (lafile) v.t. to strike. to beat: Ni ka ka lafa ka tupa, I shall
strike you with a rod. syn. nata.rel. 4afela (lafezi) to ~ for someone: Ki
maiii ya ta ni lafela mwanana yo ya sa utwi? who will strike that child
who refuses to obey? for me freq. - lafaka (lafakike) to strike repeat-
edly: Ni ka ka lafaka ha u hanelela ka .sa utwa cwalo, I shall beat you
again and again if you persist in di- sobeying like that.
-laha (lahile) v.t. to kick, to shoot (football): Piziimu labile, the horse
has kicked him. rel. -lahela (lahezi) to ~ in a certain direction: Lahela
kwanu, wena! you, kick it here! caus. -lahisa (lahisize) to referee, to
cause to kick: Ki wena ya ni lahi- size pizi, it is your fault that the
horse kicked me. freq. -lahaka (la- hakile) to kick much.
laini (lie or mi) n. Eng. line; file: queue. (also mulaini)
-laisa (laisize) or laisha (laishize) v.t. to shovel out: ka laisha malasha
mwa mukoti, to shovel out coal in the mine. rel. -laisheza (laishelize) to
~ for someone: Kima–iya ka to ni laisheza kwateni, ni katezi? who will
come and help me shovel I am tired? fig to kick out: Ni ka ka laisheza
kwande, I shall kick you out. int. -laisheleza (laishelelize) to I shovel
out everything.
laisi, (ma-) n. Eng. rice.
laiti, (ma-) n. Eng. light, electric lamp.

-laka (lakile) v.t. to arrive before someone, to leave someone behind: Kacenu
mu ni lakile, today you arrived before me. der. takano. rec. -lakana
(lakani) to race: Ha ni sabi ka lakana ni wena, l am not afraid of racing
with you.
-lakata (lakatile) v.t. to walk, cov-ering long distances: Mute yo u la-
katile manaha amanata, this man has travelled through many coun-tries.
rel. -lakatela (lakatezi) to go On a long journey to a place: U lakatezi
kwa Lusaka, he went on a long journey to Lusaka. caus. -la-katisa
(lakatisize) to cause some-one to ~: Ni mu lakatiselize kwa Nalwamba kuli
a yo nga mabisi, I ordered him to go to Nalwamba to get some milk.
-lakaza (lakalize) v.t. to desire, to wish. der. takazo. rel. -lakaleza (la-
kalelize) to wish for someone: Ni mi lakaleza litohonolo, I wish you good
luck. caus. -lakazisa (lakazi-size) to cause someone to desire; to entice,
 to seduce. stat. -lakazeha (lakazehile) to be desirable. ref. -itakaleza
(itakalelize) to wish (one-self) to do something: Unomwaha ni itakaleza ka
beleka, I wish to work for wages this year.
-lala1 (lalile) v.t. to mark out a plan (on the ground): ka lala ndu, to mark
out the foundations of a house. der. mulali, mulalo, silaliso. rel. -
lalela (lalezi) to ~ for some-one: Ni mu lalezi situngu sa hae, I have
marked the place for his hut. caus. -lalisa (lalisize) to help to ~: Ni
bata ya ka yo ni lalisa ndu ya ka, I am looking for someone to help me
mark out a plan for my house.
-lala2 (lalile) v.t. to make the first cut in the skin of an animal. rel. -
lalela (lalezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -lalisa (lalisize) to help some
one to ~: To ni Valise komu ya ka, come and help me make the first cut in
the skin of my cow.
-lala3 (labile) v.i. Luyana. to sleep.
-lalameza1 (lalamelize) v.t. to make a canoe go quickly: Mute yani ha li wa
ka lalameza kakolo ka hae ki bunde, it is pleasant to see how that man
makes his canoe go quickly.
-lalameza2 (lalamelize) v.t. to drink. all at one go: Lena ha li wa nwa ki ka
lalamezafela, when he drinks, it is all at one go.
lale, dem. pron. (class: lima) 4th degree; that over there: Lilundu tale li
kwahule luli, that mountain over there is really far away.
-laleka1 (lalekile) v.t. to induce a person maliciously to sleep (witch-
craft). der. mulaleka.
-laleka2 (lalekile) v.t. to leave a fishing net in the water: Kacenu ni yo
laleka kanyandi ka ka, today I am going to put my net in the water. rel. -
lalekela (lalekezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -lalekisa (lale-kisize) to
help someone to ~. freq. -lalekanga, to be accustomed to put a fishing net
in the water: Ko ne ni lalekanga iiohola, unomaha ha ka zamai litapi,
there is no sign of fish this year in the place where I used to put my net
last year.
-lalela1 (lalezi) v.t. to ambush with the intention of killing someone: Ku
lalela mute ka muhupulo wa ka
mu bulaya ka maswe hahulu, it is very bad to ambush with the inten-tion of
killing somebody. der. mu-laleli. cf. -shokamena. rel. -lalelela
(lalelezi) to ambush somewhere: Ba mu bulaezi kwa sibaka se ne ba mu
lalelezi, they killed him where they intended to.
-lalela2 (lalezi) v.i. & v.t. to eat an evening meal, to supper Kinakoya ka
lalela, it is time to eat the even-| ing meal: to eat something in the
evening Lu ka lalela sika ma–i kacenu? what shall we eat this l evening?
der. mulalelo, Sikupamu-lalelo. caus. -lalelisa (lalelisize) to offer
someone supper: Ka ka ni la-lelisa kacenu ki ma–i? who will offer me
supper today?
-laliketa (laliketite) v.i. to plan for the next day Ni laliketa ka ya kwa
Lusaka kamuso. I plan to go to Lusaka tomorrow
-lalulusa (lalulusize) v.t. to drink water or light beer after meals ref. -
ltalulusa (italulusize) same mean-ing
-lamama (lamami) v.i. to be closely related: Na, ha ni sika lamama kwa lusika
lwa bulena; I am not a member of the royal family. syn. -lamata.
-lamata (lamatile) v.t. same as lamama
-lamatela (lamatezi) v.t. to stick to, to adhere: Malamatwa a ni lamatezi
maswe, grass seeds stuck to me ter-ribly caus. -lamateza (lamatelize) to
cause to adhere. freq. -lamateka (lamatekile) to stick here and there: Mu
sike mwa lamateka mas-waniso a sina tusoSa limota, do not stick useless
pictures all over the wall inv. -lamutula (lamutuzi) to take off, to
unglue: Mukamo u la-mutuzi maswaniso a ka pa Rota, humidity caused my
pictures to come off the wall
-lamba1 (lambile) v.i. to fear, to shun: Tag ha i bona makanyani, ya Samba; a
lion is full of fear when it sees wild-dogs rel. -lambela (lam-bezi) to
shun for a reason: So bona lo lambela cwana, ki ka saba mif li-fli; it is
the possibility of trouble that makes us fear like this caus. -lambisa
(lambisize) to cause some one to fear: Se si mu lambisEze kacenu ki–i?
what has frightened him today?
-lamba2 (lambile) v.t. to soil, to make a mess: U tokomele, mwanana yo u ta
ka Samba masila; take care, this child will make a mess on you fig. to
give a bad example to someone; to pass on a disease to someone: U ni
lambile lukwekwe, he passed on scabies to me. freq. -lambaka (lam-bakile)
to make a mess frequently. rec a) -lambakana (lambakani) to ) -lambakanya
(lambakanyize) to make a mess frequently with liquid food or mud: Mu sike
mwa lamba-kanya mikeke sileze, do not dirty the plates with mud. red. -
lamba-lamba (lamba-lambile) fig to in-volve others in one's own troubles.
ref. -ltamba (itambile) to soil one-self: U kene hande, u ka itamba kwa
Upender come in carefully, mind the paint.
-lamba3 (lambile) v.t. (1) to plaster; (2) to rub: ka Samba mulyanifa luk-
wekwe, to rub ointment on sca-bies. red. -lamba-lamba (lamba-lambile) to
plaster or to rub ineffi-ciently; fig to cheat someone's hunger: Ba lo
lamba-lambile fela kwa milomo, they did not give us enough to eat.
-lambana1 (lambani) v.i. to be well kneaded: Buhobe bo be lambani hande, this
buhobe is well kneaded caus. -lambanisa (lamba-nisize) to cause to ~
-lambana2 (lambani) v.i. to be filled with (speaking of living creatures):
Mwa simu ya ka ka lambani likomu, thete are a lot of cattle in my garden;
Bate ba lambani mwa ndu ya bucwala, the becr-hall is full.
-lambakana (lambakani) v.i. to be numerous in various boats Bate ba lambakani
mwa mikolo ya bona, the people are crowding out in their boats caus. -
lambakanya (lamba-kanyize) to put many people in various boats: U ba
lambakanyize kaufela mwa mikolo ya bulena, he put them all in the state
barges
-lambaula (lambauzi) v.t. to beat, to thrash severely rel. -lambaulela
(lambaulezi) to beat for a good reason: Ba mu lambaulezi businyi bwa hae,
they thrashed him for his misbehaviour caus. -lambaulisa (lambaulisize) to
cause to thrash rec. -lambaulana (lambaulani) to come to blows: Zazi
lelinwi, lu ka lambaulana bake–i samahaiii a hao; one day we shall come to
blows because of your stubbornness ref. -itambaula (itambauzi) fig to
repent, to blame oneself; to regret in one's old age wrongdoings of one's
youth
-lambela (lambezi) v.t. to grasp by the arm (people) by the leg or horn
(cattle) syn. -ndondwela, lotela. red. -lambela-lambela (lambela-lam-bezi)
to ~ repeatedly: U sike wa lambela-lambela likomu li ta ka ho-logaza, do
not annoy the cattle by grasping them continually by the horns (or legs)
for they will harm you.
lambi (li-) n. Eng. lamp (also lampi)
-lambiliketa (lambiliketite) v.t. to pursue, to persist in causing some-one
to get into mischief: U ni lam-biliketa kuli ni na ni kene mwa kozi ya
hae, he is trying to have me blamed for his misdemeanours.
-lambuka (lambukile) v.i. to have a small bottom: Musali yo u lambu-kile
hahalu, this lady has a small bottom.
lambu-lambu, adv. nakedly. sorrow-fully: Ha yo zwa mwa ndu, ki lambu-lambu u
swabile, when she came out of the house she was naked and sorrowful.
-lambuluka (lambulukile) v.i. to run swiftly. rel. -lambulukela (lambulu-
kezi) to ~ somewhere: Nja ya ka i lambulukezi kwa mezi, my dog ran very
quickly to the water.
-lambulula (lambuluzi) v.t. to wipe round a dish whilst eating (with . the
fingers)
-lameka (lamekile) v.t. to stick to-gether, to paste: ka lameka sibala pa
mukolo o luta, to put a piece of wood over a leak in a canoe; ka lameka
sitempe, to put a stamp on an envelope. rel. -lamekela (lame-kezi) to ~
for someone: A ka ni la-mekele sitempefa linolo la ka, put a stamp on my
letter. inv. (a) -lamuka (lamukile) to become uns-tuck; (b) -lamuna
(lamuzi) to unglue; (c) -lamutuka (lamutukile) to become unstuck. d) -
lamutula (lamutuzi) to unglue, to take off.
-lamuka (lamukile) v.i. to fly (speaking of many birds) to go in great
numbers: Kacenu bate ba la- mukile ka bu–ata ka ya kwa kuta, today people
went in great numbers to court, der. silamuko. rel. -lamukela (lamukezi)
to go in great numbers towards. caus. -lamukisa (lamukisize) to cause to
~.
-lamulela (lamulezi) v.t. to separate fighting people, to deliver, to save,
to defend: Ki kokunde ka lamulela bate ba ba lwana, it is a good thing to
separate fighting people; Ba ilo lamuleka likomu kwa litau, they went to
save the cattle from lions. der. mulamuleli, bulamuleli, mala-mulela. syn.
-unela. caus. -lamule-lisa (lamulelisize) to help save. freq. lamulelanga
to separate re-peatedly: Ku maswe ka lamulelanga linja ha li lwana, it is
unwise to insist on separating fighting dogs. ref. -itamulela (itamulezi)
to de-liver oneself, to escape, to defend oneself: U itamulezi kwa tau, he
es-caped from a lion.
-landala (landalile) v.i. to trickle down: Na bona myoko ya hae i lan-dala
fafasi, I saw tears trickling down his face. fig. to take as proof what
someone has said: Kuta i ilo landalafa bupaki bwa Nyambe, the court took
Nyambe's statement as evidence.
-landamana (landamani or landama-nine) v.i. to run fast. syn. -mata, -kitima,
-ndaamana. rel. -landama-nela (landamanezi) to run fast to-wards: U
landamanezi kwa hae, he ran home very quickly. caus. -lan-damanisa
(landamanisize) to chase.
-landameka (landamekile) v.t. to chase, to pursue. syn, -manama, -matisa, -
shenja, -tongama. rel. -lan-damekela (landamekezi) to chase on behalf of
someone.
landeka (landekile) v.t. to place charms in order to frighten thieves (rare).
syn. -fundela.
-landuka (landukile) v.i. (1) to go without stopping: Mutu yani u lan-
dukilefela mwa nzila, that man is going straight on without stopping. (2)
to give evidence without any hesitation: Kana u ka ziba ku lan-duka hande
sitetimende sa hao? will you be able to give your statement without
faltering. caus. -landukisa (landukisize) to make straight, to stretch
(rope).
-landula (landuzi) v.t. to make someone suffer for a long time (hunger): Tala
i ni landuzi kacenu, I have suffered from hunger today. caus. -landulisa
(landulisize) to cause to ~. ref. -ilandulisa (ilandu-lisize) to make
oneself suffer much from hunger: Ki wena ya ilanduli-size tala ka mabomu,
it is your own fault that you are suffering from hunger.
-langana (langani or langanine) v.i. Luyana. to sleep. der. mulanga-nena.
syn. -lobala, -lala.
-langeka (langekile) v.t. Luyana. to lay a child down to sleep: ku lang-eka
mwana mundoo, to lay a child down to sleep in the house.
lani, dem. pron. (class: li-ma) 3rd degrce; that: Lifu lani li lu komoki-sEze
kaufela, that death amazed us all.
lapa (also: lilapa) (ma-) n. yard (round the house, or in front of it); fence
surrounding it. fig. people living in the house, family.
-lapa2 (lapile) v.i. to starve, to become hungry: Ba lapEle, they are hungry.
caus. -lapisa (lapisize) to cause people to starve: Ni ya haesu, mulen'a
ka wa ni lapisa, I am returning home, for my master is starving me. ref. -
ltapisa (itapisize) to cause oneself to starve: lla ni koni ku itapisa, ba
 ba–wi bona inze ba pila hande; l am not prepared to starve myself when
other~people are enjoying!
-lapalala1 (lapalezi or lapalalile) v.i. to lie stretched: A sa li ku
lapalala fa mumbera, ha ikutwi hande, he is Iying on his bed, he is not
feeling well. caus. (a)-lapalalisa (lapalali-size) to cause to ~: Se si mu
lapala-lisa cwana ki tala, it is hunger that makes him lie down like this.
(b) -lapalaza (lapalalize) fig. to kill. syn. -lapama.
-lapalala2 (lapalalile) v.t. to walk at a distance: Ni mu boni. u lapalalile
fela ka nzila yani; I just saw him, walking along that path over there.
caus. -lapalalisa (lapalalisize) to cause to ~. Se si mu lapalalisa cwalo
ki busholi. he keeps his dis-tance because he is a known thief.

-lapalaza (lapalalize) v.t. to put down: Mu lapalaze muhalafafasi, lu bone

butelele bwa ona; put the rope down, so that we may know its length.
-lapama (lapami or lapamile) v.i. to lie down unwell (through hunger or
iliness). caus. -lapamisa (lapami-size) to cause to lie down. syn. -la-
palala.
-lapela (lapezi) v.t. to pray, to plead, to adore, to worship. der. mulapeli,
tapelo, tapelisiso, mulape-leli. rel. -lapelela (lapelezi) to pray for, to
intercede. caus. -lapelisa (lapelisize) to cause someone to pray: Se si mu
lapelisa cwalo ki ku tokwa tuso, it is his nced of help that makes him
pray like this. int. -lapelisisa (lapelisisize) to pray with intensity, to
besecch. rec. -lapele-lana (lapelelani) to pray for each other, to
intercede mutually. freq. -lapelanga to have the habit of praying. red. -
lapela-lapela (lapela-lapezi) to make prayer a meaning-less habit. ref. -
itapelela (itapelezi) to pray for oneself.
-lapeleza (lapelelize) v.t. to ask someone earnestly to do some-thing for
you: Tima ya ka i ta pala, haisi ha ni ta lapeleza ku ba likekele; my
garden will not be cultivated unless I ask for the help of people who have
ploughs.
-lasuka (lasukile) v.i. to dash. fig. to speak without restraint: U lasukile
fela ku punya taba, ha sika nahana hande, he just jumped to a conclu-sion
without thinking properly rel. -lasukela (lasukezi) to make a dash at Nja
i mu lasukezi, i batile ku mu luma, a dog made a dash at him and nearly
bit him. caus. -lasukisa (lasukisize) to cause to dash freq. -lasaula
(lasauzi) to say many things heediessly: Ku lasaula litaba u sika nahana
hande, u ta kena mwa kozi; if you say things irresponsibly, you d will get
into trouble
-lasula (lasuzi) v.t. to paddie strongly in order to make a canoe go quickly
-lata1 (latile) v.t. (1) to love, to like, to be fond of: Musali yani ki yo-
munde, na mu lata; that lady is pretty (beautiful) I like her (2) to be
willing: Ba ni hapeleza ku sebeza, kono ha ni /ati; they are forcing me to
work, though I am not willing der. mulatiwa, lilato, tato, silati,
muitati, buitato. rel. -latela (latezi) to love on account of: Ni mu
latezi bunde bwa hae ni ku fuma kwa hae, I loved her because of her beauty
and her wealth caus. -latisa (latisize) to cause to be fond of, to cause
to love Bulumeli bu lu latisa batu kaufela, Christianity makes us love
everyone. stat. --lateha (latehile) to be lovable, to be desirable rec. -
latana (latani) to love each other freq. -latanga to be inclined to love:
Ku lata ba ba sina butali ku tusa–i? what is the use of being attracted to
people who are not clever? ref. -itata (ita-tile) to be selfish.
-lata2 (latile) v.t. (1) to throw away, to cast, to reject (2) to bury Lu zwa
kwa ku lata mutu hona cwale fa, we have just buried somebody rel. -latela
(latezi) to throw to, to throw for someone Yo ni latela matakala mwa
katambi, go and throw the sweepings into the rub-bish pit for me caus. -
latisa (lati-size) to help to cast stat. -lateha (latehile) (1) to become
lost, to go astray: ngu ye latehile, the lost sheep. (2) to die: Ku
 latehile mutu mabani, someone died yesterday rel. -latehela (latehezi) to
go away: komu: ni latehezi, I lost a cow, pass -latehelwa (latehezwi) to
lose (with agent 'ki') Nilatehezwikimwana, I lost a child. int. -
latehelela (latehe-lezi) to be definitely lost: Poto/oto ya ka i
latehelezi, my pencil is defi-nitely lost. caus. -latehisa (latehi-size)
to cause someone to go astray: Mwanana kiyena ya ni late-hisize, it was a
child who showed me the wrong way freq. -latanga to throw repeatedly. red.
-lata-lata (lata-latile) to throw away now and then: Mu babalele libuka za
mina, mu sike mwa li lata-latafela; take care of your books, do not throw
them about carelessly. ref. -itatela (itatezi) to lose: Ki wena ya itatezi
buka ya hao, you are respon-sible for the loss of your book late-lela to
throw away for good, to throw away everything
-latelela (latelezi) v.t. to follow. der. mulateleli. cf. -tatama. fig. to
keep up with mentally. rec. -latelelana (latelelani) to follow each other:
Banana ba ba latelelana ka lilimo, these children are almost the same age;
ku latelelana mwa nzila, to follow each other on the path freq. -
latelelanga to have the habit of following: Ku latelelangafela ze ba
bulela batu ku maswe, it is bad to accept what people say without
discernment.
-latula (latuzi) v.t. to deny, to belie, to retract, to abjure: Mutu u maswe
ku latula sa bulezi, it is bad for someone to retract; Yamaswe u tabela ba
ba latula tumelo ya bona, the devil is fond of those who abjure. rel. -
latulela (latulezi) to deny to: ku latulela mutu so na ni sona, to pretend
to someone not to have something. caus. -latulisa (la-tulisize) to cause
to deny Se si mu latulisEze lizwai inze a na ni lona ki butimani bwa hae,
it was his stingi ness that made him refuse to give salt although he had
some int. -la-tulelela (latulelezi) to deny empha-tically rec. -atulana
(latulani) to repudiate each other; to go back on one's word to someone:
Ku maswe batu ku latulana mwa mukowa wa bona, it is a bad thing for
members of the same clan to deny each other cf. -hanana. req. -latulanga
to deny occasionally. red. -latula-latula (latula-latuzi) to deny without
good reasons: Wena u latula-latula jela u nz'o ziba hande kuli ki wena
sisinyi, you deny your guilt without any reason, knowing full well that
you are the wrong-doer. ref. -ltatula (itatuzi) to deny an accusation
against oneself, to inculpate oneself.
-lauka (laukile) v.i. to fall down cf. -wa. fig. to die cf. -shwa: Ha sika
kula u laukilefela, he was not ill, he just died suddenly
-laula1 (lauzi) v.t. to command troops, to dispose troops for the battle.
der. mulauli.
-laula2 (lauzi) v.i. & v.t. to divine, to throw the divining bones Mwan'a hao
ni ka mu laula kamuso, I shall throw the divining bones for your child
tomorrow, Ku laula hakuna tuso, kikokunde ku sebelisa ngana divining is of
no use, the use of in-telligence is better. der. mulauli, bulauli, taula,
mulaulelo. syn. -she-buluka, -shashela. cf. -shetula. rel. -laulela
(laulezi) to divine some-where; to divine for someone Ba ilo laulela kwa
mushitu, they went to the forest for a divining cer-emony; ni ta yo ku
laulela mwan'a hao kamuso, I shall throw the di-vining bones for your
child tomor-row caus. -laulisa (laulisize) to assist a diviner, to divine
with the intention of discovering the source of the witchcraft Lu bate
mukwa o lu ka mu laulisa ka ona, lu zibe kapa ki muloi: let us find a way
to dis-cover whether he is a sorcerer or not freq. -laulanga to have the
habit of divining: Ba ba–wi ba sinya mali ama–ata fa ku laula ze sina
tuso; some people always waste a lot of money divining for trifling
matters. red. -laula-laula (laula-lauzi) same meaning as freq. ref. -
itaula (itauzi) to look for a diviner for oneself: Na kula, ni ta yo
itaula kamuso; I am not well~ I shall look for a diviner to-morrow.
-launda (laundile) v.i. Eng. to take a walk, to go round red. -launda-launda
(launda-laundile) to take a short walk: Ni launda-launda fela, ni tuha ni
kuta; I am just going for a short walk, I shall soon be back.
-laya (layile) v.t. see: -laa.
-layule (1ayuzi) v.t. to beat severely rel. -layulela (layulezi) to punish
somebody: Ba mu layulezi busholi bwa hae, they punished him for theft
-lazwa (lazwize) v.t. to lick, to taste Komu i lazwa namani ya yona, the cow
is licking her calf. ref. -ltazwa (itazwize) to lick oneself Kaze ya
itazwa, the cat is licking itself.
le, dem. pron.– (class: li-ma) l st degree, this litalo le. this skin.
-lea (keile) v.t. to sprain (see: -leya): Ni leile mwa noka, I have sprained
my hip
-lebuha (lebuhile) v.i. Sotho. (less and less used) to show gratitude,
thankfulness. der. tebuho. syn. -ltu-mela.
-leka (kekile) v.t. (1) to buy (2) to cost: Pulu ya hao i leka bukai? how
much is your ox? der. muleki; muleko, teko. fig. exp: ku leka mu-lyani wa
buloi, to buy witchcraft medicine rel. -lekela (lekezi) to buy for
someone: Ni mu lekezi kubo, I bought him a blanket caus. -lekisa
(lekisize) to sell (see: lekisa): Maia hao u a lekisa bukai? at what price
are you selling your eggs? int. -le-kelela (lekelezi) to buy up. rec. -le-
kanga to be used to buying. inv. -lekulula (lekuluzi) to sell what one has
bought Litapi ze ni lekile, ni hupula ku li lekulula, I wish to sell the
fishes that I bought. red. -leka-leka (leka-lekile) to buy without
discrimination. ref. -ltekela (ite-kezi) to buy for oneself
-leketa (leketile) v.i. to be loose Lu-kanda lwa ka lwa leketa, my belt is
loose.
-leketa2 (leketile) v.t. to eat all and leave nothing for others: Ba leke-
tile mwanSa wa ka kaufela, they have eaten all the manioc, leaving nothing
for me. syn. -lendama.
lekete! interj. said of someone who intrudes suddenly: Ku kena cwalo lekete,
ku maswe; bunde ki ku ngongotanga; it is wrong to rush uninvited into a
house, the polite way is to knock at the door. cf polyo !
-lekisa (lekisize) v.t. to sell. der. mu-lekisi, bulekisi, tekiso. rel. -
lekiseza (lekiselize) to sell for someone. int. -lekiseleza (lekiselelize)
to sell all of one's goods. rec. -lekisana (leki-sani or lekisanile) to
exchange things, to barter: ku lekisana mi-lyani ya buloi, to exchange
know-ledge of witchcraft medicines freq. -lekisanga to have the habit of
selling. red. -lekisa-lekisa (lekisa-lekisize) to have a small business
ref. -ltekiseza (itekiselize) to sell for oneself
-lekula (lekuzi) v.t. to visit, to ask for news der. mulekuli, tekulo, te-
kuliso. rel. -lekulela (lekulezi) to visit on behalf of somobody: Mu
yo ni lekulela mukuli wa ka, please go and visit that patient for me
caus. -lekulisa (lekulisize) to send for news of a sick person, to tell
some-one about one's own health U ye ku bo kuku wa hao, u yo ba lekulisa
mo lu zuhezi, go to your grand-mother or grandfather and tell her him how
we are today rec. -leku-lana (lekulani or lekulanile) to visit each other:
Ku lekulana ki kokunde, it is a good thing to visit each other regularly
freq. -lekulanga to visit frequently red. -lekula-lekula (lekula-lekuzi)
to pay a short visit ref (fig) -itekula (itekuzi) to exa-mine one's inner
self (introspec-tion): Mu itekule, mi mu ta ipona mu/atu, examine your
inner self and you will find that you are guilty
-lela1 (lelile) v.t. to amuse, to play with der. muleli, sileliso. rel. -
lelela (lelezi) to amuse someone's child; A mu ni lelele mwan'a ka, please
amuse my child. freq. -lelanga of often play with Mu no lelanga banana ka
tokomelo, be careful when playing with children.
-lela2 (lelile) v.t. to plan, to plot der. muleli, mulelo, telo, telisano.
rel. -lelela (lelezi) to plan to kill in some place Ba mu lelezi mwa
 mushitu, they planned to kill him in the forest caus. -lelisa (lelisize)
to cause plans to be made to cause to plot rec. -lelisana (lelisani or le-
lisanile) to plan together, to plot together against Ne lu lelisani ha lu
toma sikolo se, we had planned to-gether when we founded this school; No
lelisani ni maini ha u zwi-sEze mwanana kwa sikolo? who did you consult
when you expelled the child from school? req. -lelanga to be inclined to
plan or to plot.
-leleka (lelekile) v.t. to send away, to dismiss; to divorce; to refuse to
suckle any longer (animals) der. muleleki, teleko, telekano. syn. -
lundula, -undula, cf. -zwisa. rel. -le-lekela (lelekezi) to send away to,
to dismiss or divorce for a certain reason: Ba mu lelekezikwa Sesheke,
they sent him away to Sesheke; U mu lelekezi buzwa, he divorced her
because of her laziness caus. a) -lelekisa (lelekisize) to drive away, to
dismiss, to pursue; b) -lelekisisa (lelekisisize) to cause to divorce: Ki
wena ya ni lelekisisEze musali a ka. I have divorced my wife be-cause of
you c) -lelekisana (leleki-sani) to chase one another. int. -le-lekelela
(lelekelezi) to dismiss to divorce for good Ni mu lelekeiezi I divorced
her for good rec. -lele-kana (lelekani or lelekanile) to di-vorce with
mutual agreement. freq. -lelekanga to dismiss or to di-vorce frequently:
Ha na pElu hande, yena, u lelekangaSela, he divorces frequently for he has
no patience red. -leleka-leleka ( leleka-lelekile ) as freq. ref. (fig) -
iteleka (itelekile) to alienate people: Ku maswe ku iteleka batu Sa mubili
bakeisi sa ku ca, it is bad to alienate people be-cause of lack of good
manners (in eating, etc.).
-lelema (lelemile) v.i. (1) to be light, soft, thin: Lisila le lifta ama–wi
kwa ku lelema, this cloth is softer than other kinds. (2) to glide ku
lelema inge noha, to glide as a snake syn. -lelumuka.
-leluka (lelukile) v.i. to be too light to thin: ,piza ye i lelukile hahulu,
ha i na ku nga nako yetelele, this clay pot is too thin, it will soon
break
-lelula1 (leluzi) v.t. to make light, thin Mu sike mwa lelula hahulu mabala
ao, ha na ku tiya; do not plane these planks too thin, for they will not
be strong enough caus. -lelulisa (lelulisize) to cause to ~
-lelula2 (1eluzi) v.t. to cause a feeling of weakness and hunger (speaking of
beer drunk on an empty sto-mach)
-lelumuka (lelumukile) v.i. to glide swiftly (as a snake) syn. -lelema. rel.
-lelumukela (lelumukezi) to ~ towards: Tokomela noha, i lelumu-kezi ko ku
wena; look out, a snake has just glided to your side.
-lema1 (lemile) v.t. to cut with an axe, to hew down, to feil der. mulemi.
fig. to take a short-cut Mu lemeSela ka nzila ya libala, j ust take the
short-cut of the plain syn. -tema ú cf. -puma ). rel. -lemela (lemezi) to
fell for someone, to fell somewhere caus. -lemisa (lemi-size) to help to ~
der. silemiso int. -lemelela (lemelezi) to cut all rec. -lemana (lemani)
to hurt one an-other with axes: Ba lemani ka lilepe, ne ba nwile; they
hurt each other with axes because they were drunk freq. a) -lemanga to
have the habit of cutting: Ki kabakalani ha ba lemanga likota zenyinyani
ku siya zetuna? why do they fell small trees, leaving big ones? b) -lemaka
(lemakile) to cut in pieces, to cut repeatedly: Muso u hanisa batu ku
lemaka likora, the government pro-hibits indiscriminate cutting of trces
red. -lema-lema (lema-lemile) to cut without discrimination ref. a) -itema
(itemile) to cut oneself with an axe b) -itemela (itemezi) to fell for
oneself Niyo itemela likota za ku ola, ni saba silami; I am going to cut
some fire-wood, for I fear the cold.
-lema2 (lemile) v.i. to be pointed backwards or in opposite direc-tionS
(horns) Komu ya ka, manaka a yona a temile hande hahulu; my cow's horns
gracefully point back-wards der. mulemelo. syn. -pon-dola.
-lemala ( lemezi ) v.i. to be accus-tomed; to be too familiar: Ba lemezi. it
is their custom. der. -temalo. cf. -twaela. rel. -lemalela (lemalezi) to
be accustomed to; to have disrespectful familiarity with: Ku lemalela ba
bahulu ku maswe; familiarity with old people is im-polite caus. -lemaza
(lemalize) to make familiar with to accustom: Bashemi ba sike ba iemaza
bana ba bona mikwa yemaswe. parents shouid not acquaint their children
with bad habits inv. -lemulula (le-muluzi) to get someone out of bad
habits Mutu yo u lemalezi hahulu ku uzwa. ni ta mu lemulula. a tuhele
mukwa o; this man is a highway robber, I shall turn him from his roguery.
-lema-lema (lema-lemile) v.t. Luyana. to touch indiscriminately. der. lilema-
lema. syn. -swala-swala.
-lemba (lembile) v.i. (1) to keep the eyes open with difficulty; to avert the
eyes because of one's bad be-haviour (2) to wink der. Iulemba. caus. -
lembisa (lembisize) to put someone to shame: Se si mu lembi-sEze cwalo ki
sika mani? what is it that shames him like this? freq. -lembaula
(lembauzi) to look sad, heavily depressed
-lembeka (lembekile) v.i. to do noi-selessly in order to take by sur-prise
der. Iulemba. syn. -nanalela. ref. -llembeka (ilembekile) to watch
noiselessly with intention to take by surprise
-lembuluka (lembulukile) v.i. to escape from danger, to sneak away rel. -
lembulukela (lembulu-kezi) to sneak to, to sneak in: U lembulukezi kwa
hae, he sneaked home caus. -kembulukisa (lembulu-kisize ) to cause to ~:
Se si mu lem-bulukisize ki ka saba tolongo, it was the fear of prison that
caused him to sneak away
lembu-lembu, adv. exp. meaning to shun danger (from -lembuluka): fit a lo yo
kumbuluka, ki lembu-lembu ni mwa i/e; before we had time to realise, he
had escaped from us
-lembutuka (lembutukile) v.i. to be sticky; to be fibrous Na, ha ni lati ka
ca sico se si lembutuka; I don't like to eat gluey food fig. to be lazy:
Mu sike mwa lembutuka cwalo, Frieze musebezi kapili; do not be so lazy,
let us finish the work quickly rel. -lembutukela (lembutukezi) to spend
one's time in laziness some-where U yo lembutukela koo, go away with your
laziness. caus. -lembutukisa (lembutukisize) to cause to be lazy
-lembwala (lembwalile) v.i. to be silent and depressed, to be dis-traught
with sorrow (death, mis-fortune, etc. ) caus. -lembwalisa (lembwalisize)
to cause to ~: Se si mu lembwalisize cwalo ki life la mwan'a hae, it is
his child's death that made him so sad
-lemuha (lemuhile) v.t. to observe, to notice Mu mu lemuhe, ki lisholi; take
note of him for he is a thief der. temuho, temuso. rel. -lemuhela
(lemuhezi) to notice: Ni mu lemu-hezifa komu va na bata ka uzwa, I
discovered who he was when he almost stole that cow caus. -lemusa
(lemusize) to draw somebo-dy's attention, to advise, to give notice U
lemuse Bo maho kuli lo ta to ba potela kamuso, tell your mother that we
shall come and visit her tomorrow stat. -lemuseha (lemusehile) to be
observed, no- ticed: Mu tokomele kuli mu zamaye hande, mu sike mwa
lemuseha kwa bats; ensure that you go carefully in order not to be seen by
people freq. -lemuhanga to observe, to notice quickly: Mute yo u lemu-
hanga cwaini lika kapili? how does this man notice things so quickly? ref.
-itemuhela (itemuhezi) to ob- serve by oneself, to notice by one- self
-lemuna (lemuzi) v.t. to revive somebody, to cure
lemune (ma-) n. Eng. lemon
-lena (lenile) v.i. to live an easy life: Yani wa Lena, u pita hande; that
man is lucky, he lives an easy life der. mulena, bulena, kalenalena.
-lenda (lendile) v.i. to fly high up in the sky: Fulai i lendile hahulu, the
plane is flying very high cf. - yunga. rel. -lendela (lendezi) to di-
sappear into the sky Fulai i se i ilo lendela kwahule, ha i sa bonahala;
the plane has disappeared into the sky, it is no longer visible. caus. -
 lendisa (lendisize) to cause to fly very high rec. -lendana (lendani) to
fly very high. caus. -lendanisa (len- danisize) to cause to fly very high
-lendama (lendami or lendamile) v.t. to eat all and leave nothing for others
syn. -leketa.
-lendauka (lendaukile) v.i. to be torn into pieces (cloth, etc ) der.
malenda. syn. -pazauha.
-lengal (lengile) v.t. (1) to strike Pula i lengile kota ya musheshe,
lightning struck the musheshe, tree (2) to strike U mu lengile madame, ki
kale a shwa; he killed him with a stick (3) to eat (dogs etc. ): Nja i
lenga masapo, the dog is gnawing bones (4) to break 5 through Tag
ilengilemulaka, a lion broke through into the kraal, (5) to cut a new
road: Ba lengile muk-wakwa omunca, they cut a new road red -lengela
(lengezi) to strike somewhere caus. -lengisa (lengi-size) to cause to
strike. ref. -ltenga (itengile) to strike or hit oneself (accidentally) Ni
itengile kwa sik-walo, I hurt myself against the door fig. Ne ni itengile
mushitu om-utuna, na bata ka shwela mwateini li-nvolwa; I had entered a
large forest, I nearly died of thirst
-lenga2 (lengile) v.i. (1) to feel pain Mwa toho ya ka kwa lenga, l have a
headache (2) to be cold: Mezi a lenga, the water is very cold (3) to be
empty: Ki ma ka lenga! there is nothing left!
-lenga3 (lengile) v.t. to stamp grain for the first time der. mulengo. cf. -
bundulula. caus. -lengisa (lengisize) to help to~
-lengelela (lengelezi) v.i. to be hang-ing down Liyaleto za litaha li lenge-
lela kwa mataka, the nests of the weaver birds hang down from the reeds
syn. -lepelela.
-lenguka (lengukile) v.i. to be very hot (sun) Lizazi la mbumbi li akufa ka
lenguka tsar kakusasana; during the late springs the sun becomes hot very
early in the morning syn. -nzeluka.
-lengutula (lengutuzi) v.t. to gnaw bones syn. -lenga.
-lenjanga (lenjangile) v.i. to walk slowly and sadly rel. lenjangela
(lenjangezi) to ~ towards: U len-jangezi kwa hae ha zwile mwa sipa-tela,
when he left the hospital he dragged himself home caus. -len-jangisa
(lenjangisize) to cause to ~ Se si mu lenjangisa swab ki ka kula, it is
his sickness that makes him walk slowly like this.
lee, dem. pron. (class: li-ma) 2nd degree: that: Libubo leo, that repu-
tation
lepelela1 (lepelezi) v.i. to be hanging down syn. -lengelela. fig. to be weak
through hunger or illness If a Utile mwa mushitu ki ka lepelela bakeXii sa
tala, when he came back from the forest he was very weak through hunger
-lepelela2 (lepelezi) v.i. to be almost set (the sun): Lizazi se li lepelela,
li tuha li likela; the sun is sinking and will soon disappear cf. -likela.
-leta1 (letile) v.i. wilt, wither to be stunted, to be hindered from growing
Lipali.sa za ka li letile baker sa silami, my flowers are stunted due to
the cold weather syn. -nyana, -letuka. caus. -letisa (letisize) to stunt,
to hinder from growmg.
-leta2 (letile) v.t. to make wealthy llakuna se si leta mute konSi komu,
nothing really makes the people wealthy apart from cattle
-letuka (letukile) v.i. to wither, to wilt to fade, to languish: Milohoya ka
i letukile, my vegetables are withering syn. beta, -nyana. fig. to faint
Ni mu sidle sa letukile habeli, he had already fainted twice when l left
him caus. -letukisa (letuki-size) or-letula (letuzi) to cause to ~.
-leuka1 (leukile) v.i. to be sprained: Mbumba ya hae i leukile, his knee-cap
is sprained syn. -leya, -mo-nyoka.
-leuka2 (leukile) v.i. to catch a fleet-ing glance of: Ni boni mute ya leu-
kile fa; I saw somebody passing there (but I do not know who it was) der.
muleukela.
Lewanika, pers. n. Name of the most powerful and respected king of the Malozi
This name so ap-propriately given to hims means: the one who brings
together people of different tribes Also spelt Liwanika.
-leyal (leyile) v.t. to sprain (ankle, hip, wrists etc ..) syn. -kweta, -
monyona.
-leya2 (leyile) v.t. Luyana. to give birth syn. -pepa,-shema.cf. -zwala.
li, sing. pref. (class: li-ma): plur. pref (class si-li and (i) - li).
li, sing. pron. (class li-ma); plur. pron. (class: si-li and (i) - li)
-li(ize) v.t. to say, to mean U lini? what do you say? what do you mean? U
ize kuli hakuna musebezi he said that there was no work
liako (ma-) n. ear of corn (maize or kaffir corn).
liamangwa (bo-) n. Luyana. thief who cannot be arrested
liamba-amba, n. habit of chattering U na ni liamba-amba wena, you are a
chatter-box; jabbering which causes trouble: Mu tuhele liamba-amba, mu ka
kena mwa kozi; stop your heated arguments, or you will get into trouble.
liamba (ma-) n. kind of grass.
Liambai, n. The Zambezi River.
liambakula, n. a very important matter
liamba-wima, n. way of speaking the truth without hesitation.
liambombola (bo-) n. talkative person, chatter-box syn. sibua-bui.
-liamena (liamezi) v.i. to look up-wards fig. to drink: ka liamena mwa
komoki, to drink up to the last drop
lianda (ma-) n. bundle of vegetables (etc ) tied with grass Lianda la ngulu,
a bundle of sweet potatoes
liandandwa (ma-) n. Wattled Plover (bird).
lianduandu (ma-) n. candelabra tree (euphorbia ingens)
liangamba (boa) n. outer part of the Litunga's yard.
-liangana (liangani or lianganile) v.i. to be unable to make up one's mind
der. malyanganda, lianganisi, cfi -njangana. caus. -lianganisa
(lianganisize) to lead astray: U bulela hahulu, u ta ni lianganisa; you
speak too much, you will lead me astray. ref. -ltianganisa (itiang-
anisize) to avoid speaking the truth when asked to do so U sike ma
itianganisa, u bulele niti fela. don't hedge, just tell the truth ! cf. -
picauka.
-lianganga (liangangile) v.i. to be overcome with sadness, loneliness der.
malianganga.
lianganisi, n. confusion, manner of making someone not to know which way to
turn Ba mu isize mwa lianganisi, hakuna safumanifa litapi za Rae; he made
no profit out of his fish, people have tricked (from: -liangana).
lyangasitu (ma-) n. an extensive forest.
liango (mango) n. a charm believed to protect a person from croco-diles,
thunderbolts, lions, etc : bundle of charms placed some-where to frighten
thieves cf. si-funda.
liangunda (bo-) n. Luyana. big Afri-can axe with mubako wood handle
-liangunuka (liangunukile) v.i. to change one's mind too easily, to be
compliant, to be unable to come to the point der. silyangu, muliangunuki.
cfi -liangana. caus. -liangunukisa (liangunukisize) to drive somebody mad:
matokwani a liangunukisize bate ba banata. hemp drove many people insane
ref. -ltiangunu kisa ( itiangunukisize ) to avoid speaking the truth when
asked to do so
lyano (ma-) n. a plan thought up to fix somebody Ku tingela mute Iyano ka
bunolo, it is easy to trap somebody
lianyi (ma-) n. large spark. cf. linani.
liapamukenenwa, n. early part of a fine morning
liapeelo (ma-) n. place where food is being cooked. (mostly used in plural)
Lyatamanyi, n. March (sce: kweli)
-liateta (liatetile or liatetite) v.t. (1) to feed forcibly (2) to gather
many people in a small house ref. -ilia-teta (iliatetike or iliatetite)
(1) to everfill oneself with food (2) to get into a house in great number
and fill it up
-liba (libile) v.i. to go towards, to direct one's step: Ko u libile ki
kakai? where are you going? caus.
-libisa (libisize) to cause to go somewhere, to direct someone. rec. Ribena
(libani) to come face to face, to face each other fig. to face a danger ka
libana ni tag to come face to face with a lion.
libaka (ma-) n. reason, cause
libako (ma-) n. molar tooth
libala1 (ma-) n;aplain fig.exp. kuya kwa libala, to go to stool.
libala2 (ma-) n. plank
-libala3 (libezi) v.t. to forget, to omit, to neglect der, mulibali,
bulibali, tibalo. syn. -timelelwa. rel. -libalela (libalezi) to forget a
thing in a cer-tain place: Ni libalezi ’ka ya ka mwa mukotana kwa hae; I
forgot my book, which was in a handbag, at home. caus. -libalisa
(libalisize) to cause to forget freq. -libalanga to be inclined to forget
red. -libala-libala (libala-libezi) as freq: Mute yo u libala-libala fela,
this man forgets easily. ref. -ltibala (iti-bezi) to be careless,
forgetful: Mu itibezi cwani, ne mu na ni ka zuha kalJili? why are you
late, you were supposed to wake early.
libalala (ma-) n. very pretty person. Iibalelo (ma-) n. lath (same as luba-
lelo), ceiling lath (from: -balela).
libali1 (ma-) n. bigamy, polygamy: id nyezi libali, he has more than one
wife. syn. Iifata.
libali2 (ma-) n. scar left by a healed skin disease. cf. si–iba.
limbambiso (ma-) n. anything used for tying. (from: -bamba). cf. sib-ambiso.
libanambanda ( ma-) n. somebody who frequently visits the Capital.
libanda1 (ma-) n. state of being an only child: So ki mwan'a ka wa li-banda
ye ni Data, this is my only child whom I love.
libanda2 (ma-) n. kind of bird (Wattled Crane) syn. mupuzwa.
libandangi (ma-) n. one who usually escapes charges made against him.
Iibandayo (ma-) n. small hatchet used to give the finishing touches to
wood carvings.
libando (ma-) n. scar, mark of abscess or wound on the head.
libanga (ma-) n. entrance to the outer part of the Litunga's yard ( liangamba
).
libapalelo (ma-) n. playground. (from: -bapala).
libato (ma-) n. proposal of mar-riage. (from: -beta). cf. lisinga.
libe (ma-) n. the blade of a paddle.
libebe (bo-) n. rain-maker: Munum-waha pula ki ya libebe, i buhali hahulu;
the rain is torrential this year, it might be due to the rain-maker.
libeela (ma-) n. poison (witchcraft) (from: -bea).
libeko (ma-) n. small iron spatula once used for nose cleaning.
libeleko (ma-) n. file, rasp. (from: -beleka ).
-libelela (libelezi) v.t. to wait for, to expect, to watch der. mulibeleli,
ti-belelo, bulibeleli, tibelelano. caus. -libelelisa (libelelisize) to
assist in watching. rec. -libelelana (libele-lani) to expect each other;
to make the first step; to wait for one another Ba libelelani nako
yetelele kuli ba nyalane, they both have waited a long time before com-
pleting their marriage negotia-tions. freq. -libelelanga to be in the
habit of watching
libelenge (ma-) n. a head-cold.
libelete (ma-) n. prostitute, harlot
libeteka (ma-) n. deep gully in a river fig. liar (from -beteka).
libetelo (ma-) n. carpenter's work-shop (from -beta).
libetuka, n. loitering, dawdling
-libi (ma-) n. rotten fish.
libila (ma-) n. kind of worm be-lieved to have the power of meta-morphosing
itself (witchcraft): U cile libila la tau, he took a drug (worm) which
gave him the power of a lion. fig. child resembling either his father or
mother
libindo (ma-) n. a skin worn as a lion-cloth fig. person left behind in a
competition, unsuccessful candidate at an examination.
libinelo (ma-) n. recreation hall.
libita (ma-) n. grave, tomb
libiwa, n. luck in obtaining things.
libizo (ma-) n. name libizo la sisomo, nickname; ya sina libizo, anonymous
(from -biza).
libobo (ma-) n. bush baby (Lemur)
libofo (ma-) n. bond. fig. exp. Ni mwa libofo la mulatu omutuna, I am
ensnared by my wicked deeds.
libombolwa (ma-) n. kind of ant fig. a fair and calm person
libono-bono or libonwa-bonwa (ma-) n. castor-oil tree
libuba1 (ma-) n. horse-fly, gadfly.
libuba2 (ma-) n. a short-cut made by a river when overflowing cf. sibuba.
libubo, n. renown, fame, repu- ' tation (from:-bubana).
libuku1 (ma-) n. worm. fig. a person 7 resembling his father or mother
libuku2, n. despoliation, had habit of despoiling people. (from: -bukula).
exploitation.
libukuta, n. mutual chiding
libulo (ma-) n. hole made in a layer of grass on water, where barbel fish are
to be killed
libulukelo (ma-) n. something in which to keep goods of value; a safe cf.
pulukelo; sibulukelo.
libulwa (ma-) n. dead tree without bark.
libumbu (ma-) n. cluster of trces, grove, copse
libumbu-andinde (ma-) n. Luyana. a garden with cluster of trces
libumbuywa (ma-) n. deserted house, desolate place
libumu (ma-) n. pain caused by blow from hand or fist
libunda (ma-) n. heap, pile, hoard mabunda-bunda, heaps and heaps (from: -
bundama). syn. silinda.
libutelo (ma-) n. place where cattle lie down (from: -buta).
libuto (ma-) n. a member of the Li-tunga's guard (from: -buta).
libuu (ma-) n. whirlpool, eddy syn. masetela.
licaka-caka (ma-) n. large flat seeds of the flamboyant trce
licakana (ma-) n. calabash pipe: kwaiya licakana, smoking tobacco
licekecani (ma-) n. sling
licencetwa (ma-) n. Ioose woman
licenka (ma-) n. a squinting eye: mutu wa macenka, squinter
licenkenene (ma-) n. kind of large white ant fig. a beautiful, tall, stout
woman.

lici, n. pl. pests eat•ng and spoiling food

licibi (ma-) n. a lunap in food.
licika (ma-) n. a half-full container: sizuma sa licika, half-full basket
(from: -cikimana).
licikwi (ma-) n. spur-winged goose syn. Iyokwe.
licila (ma-) n. Luyana. small kind of pumpkin syn. Iilaka.
licimana, n. manner of approaching in order to see sonnething. (from: -
cimana). syn. Iishashamana.
licipa (ma-) n. green ear of maize.
licolocolo (ma-) n. tall young man.
licwe (ma-) n. stone, grinding stone fig. a strong person: Mutu yo ki licwe
kwa tata, this man is as hard as stone a heavy load: Mutiyo wo kwa bukiti
ki licwe, this load is as heavy as a stone.
liebela' n. a beautiful person (mostly woman) (from: -ebela).
lielele, n. place exposed to the wind, house without a protecting yard
liemba (ma-) n. canoe not quite cornpleted
liembatama, n. slander: Mutu yo ha tokwi liembatama mwa libaka za batu, this
man is well known for liStening in to c onversations so that he can spread
gossip. (from: -embama ).
liembe1 (ma-) n. green pigeon
liembe2 (ma-) n. piece of bark taken from a tree in order to make medi-cines
liendanzila' n. Luyana. passer-by. syn. Iifitanzila.
lienga, n. the Litunga's kitchen
lienge (ma-) n. saliva. syn. mati.
lieto (ma-) n. Sotho. journey: Ha ba yv, ba mwa lieto; they are away on a
journey syn. musipili, Iuendo. Iieya, n. place covered with hot ashe5 and
hidden embers. fig. hidden dissatisfaction (from -eya).
lifal, n. inheritance: U cilelifalanda-tahe, he inherited from his father
(see: mucalifa).
lifa2 (lifile) v.t. to pay a debt or a fine. der. mulifi' tifo. rel. -lifela
(lifezi) to pay for: U lifezi mulatu wa hae kwatuko, he settled his case
and paid privately. cause. -lifisa (li-fisize) to fine. rec. -lifisana
(lifi-sani) to make a charge against each other: Batu ha ba yahile hamoho
ku maswe ku lif sana, bunde ki ku swalelana, it is good for people living
together to forgive each other and not to render evil for evil (to make a
charge against each other). freq. -lifanga to fre-quently pay a fine: Ku
maswe matu yo muhulu ku no lifanga milatu ye lukela banana, it is bad for
a mature person to be continually fined for juvenile offences. ref. -lti-
fela (itifezi) to pay for oneself.
lifafata, n. act of roving, of visiting people excessively.
lifalingi (ma-) n. very light ligneous grass tied to fishing nets to keep
them afloat.
lifanga, n. a family which is dying out.
lifasi (ma-) n. the earth; world; country` mankind. idiom. exp: Lifasi li ni
tutezi, li ni yemezi ka me-hautu; I am at my wit's end, would that the
earth would swallow me up!
lifatal (ma-) n. forked branch. fig. twin: bana ba mafata, twins.
lifata2 (ma-) n. bald forehead.
lifata3 (ma-) n. bigamy, polygamy. syn. libali.
lifela, n. useless thing: Mu sike mwa bilaela ka za mali, ki za lifela; do
not worry about money, it is a use-less thing. (from: -fela).
lifele (ma-) n. moth, also cock-roach
lifi? inter. pron. (class: li-ma) sing, which?: Licwe lift? which stone?
(class: si-li) pi, which ones?: Lilabo lifi? which paddles? (class: (i)
hi) pl. which ones? Lipizi lifi? which horses?
lififi (ma-) n. darkness fig. ignor- | ance, superstituion: Mute yo u sa li ]
mwa liffi, this person is still very 1 ignorant. syn. bunsu, milema, I
simbwi (from:-fifala).
lifitanziia (ma-) n. passer-by syn. liendanzila.
lifitelo, n. arrival: Lena, isalifa lifi- F telo, sa kalisa ka lwana; no
sooner had that man arrived than he started fighting.
lifu (ma-) n. death U shwile life la Nyambe, he died a natural death
lifufal, n. conjugal jealousy
lifufa2 (ma-) n. wing (of a brid)
lifulo (ma-) n. scum, froth, froam syn. lufulo.
lifunda, n. old practice of stealing from a relative without getting into
trouble (from: -funda).
lifunduko, n. habit of being late when starting a journey syn. lifu-wafuwa.
lifunga, n. raid to procure slaves, razzia (from -funga).
lifungeb (ma-) n. place where cattle are tied up.
lifunjo (ma-) n. see: mafunjo.
lifuta (ma-) n. pregnant animal (esp cattle).
lifuti (ma-) n. small hole prepared for maize seeds when sowing syn. litina.
lifuto (ma-) n. knot (in string) syn. linungo.
lifuwa-fuwa, n. habit of being late when starting a journey syn. lifun-duko.
lifwekelo (ma-) n. landing place, harbour, quay-side. (from: -fweka).
lihaha (ma-) n. Sotho. cave, cavern
lihakabe (ma-) n. crow, raven, rook syn. Ii–walala. fig. liar
lihalaupa (ma-) n. barren land, waste region, desert.
lihalimu (ma-) e. sky, the heavens fig. lightning, thunderbolt: U leng-ilwe
ki lihalimu, he was struck by lightning.
lihanu (ma-) n. the inside of the mouth cf. hanu.
lihapu (ma-) n. water-melon.
lihata (ma-) n. liar, tale-bearer, slanderer
lihaulo (ma-) n. opening in a house wall, window
lihele, n. Eng. hell
lihelehele (ma-) n. treacherous person, rascal
lihemele (ma-) n. a big bucket.
lihenganywa (ma-) n. adulterer, ad-ulteress
liheta (ma-) n. shoulder
lihihili (ma-) n. shoulder-blade (sca-pula)
lihilihili (ma-) n. cartilage lump of clay in water
lihobohobo (ma-) n. a very tall person, giant.
lihoha, n. action of pulling canoes in shallow water or currents: Se lo
fitile kwa libuba cwale lo to nyanda kwa lihoha-hoha la mikolo, we have
reached the rapids, now we shall have a hard time in pulling the canoes
lihoho (ma-) n. rim of crust sticking to the inside of a pot syn. Iikolola.
Iihula (ma-) n. abandoned field in a forest clearing fig. a woman of
mature age who has been married to many men
lihule (ma-) n. prostitute, harlot.
lihuluhulu (ma-) n. edible fruit of the muhuluhulu tree.

lihutu (ma-) n. (1) foot, leg, paw; (2) wheel (wagon, car, etc. . .) /ihutu
la koloi, wagon wheel.
lifwafa (ma-) n. arm-pit. syn. Iif-wafa.
lihwahwa (ma-) n. fruit of the muh-wahwa tree
lihwatata (ma-) n. large shallow de-pression on a plain.
lii (ma-) n. egg.
liiba (ma-) n. dove fig. person who does not keep secrets.
liiko, n. the act of going astray: U ire Seiko ka bumaswe bwa Rae, his bad
conduct made him go astray liila (ma-) n. hole in which iron ore is
melted.
liimba, n. singing; women dance welcoming the Litunga
liinelo (ma-) n. seat, rank: Ka, ha ni na Dinero mwa Kuta; I have no status
in the Court.
liinyaka, n. self-admiration.
liito (meeta) n. eye fig. representa-tive: Ngete ki yene meeto a ka. so and
so is my representative
-lika1 (likile) v.t. (1) to try, to at-tempt, to venture; (2) to tempt, to
induce; (3) to test, to taste. sp. exp.: ka lika ka tata. to endeavour, to
strive, to do one's best der. muliki, muliko, tiko. rel. -likela (likezi)
to try out something for a person, to taste for someone: A mu yo ni likela
kwa mwanja wo, can you taste that manioc for me. freq. -li-kanga to try
again and again. red. -lika-lika (lika-likile) to try without enthusiasm
 to hesitate, to waver. caus. -lika-likisa (lika-likisize) to waste
someone's time: U side wa lika~likisa mute cwalo, To ya kwa-hale; we are
going far away, so do not delay us ref. -ltika (itikile) to try one's
best, to try one's ability
-lika2 (likile) e.i. to gallop syn. -likitae rel. -likela (liked) to
gallop towards caus. -likisa (likisize) to cause to gallop: Se si likisa
pizi cwalo ki ka bata ka yo ca. it is the horse's urge for food that makes
it gallop like this.
likaba (ma-) n. quarrel, misunder-standing, squabble. (from: -kabana ).
likaka (ma-) n. guinea-fowl.
likakakumba (ma-) n. poor quality bark for making ropes.
likakalapa (ma-) n. scale (of rep-tiles): makakalapa a kwena, croco-dile
scales. (see: liyayu).
likakalinyateli (ma-) n. bastard.
likakamba, n. way of going unin-vited to a place. syn. Iikokomba.
likakambisa, n. way of going unin-vited to a place with things not asked for:
Wena u na ni likakambisa hahulu; bupi bo u be isa kai? how dare you bring
this here; where are you going with that meal? -likala (ma-) n. Luyana.
coal.
likalala (ma-) n. way of grabbing something: U Agile mukeke ma ka ka
makalala, he forcibly grabbed my plate.
likalama (ma-) n. imprudence.
likalata (ma-) n. Eng. playing-card. (clubs: kacacani- diamond: kalumo or
katana; heart: mupusi; spade: sikopo).
likamba (ma-) n. bank, shore, beach, landing place: likamba la liwate, sea
coast; fa likamba, ashore. fig. exp: ka wiseza taba li-kamba, to come to a
decision.
likambi )ma-) n. sugar-cane waste. (from: -kambula).
likana1, n. contrariness of women which causes marriages to col-lapse: Ki
butoto ka nyala musaliyo u ziba kuli ki wa likana, it is stupid to marry a
woman who is very con-trary.
-likana2 (likani) v.i. to be enough, to be sufficient: Ku likani, it is
enough, that will do; to be equal, to be of the same size der. muli-kani,
silikani, bulikani. rel. -lika-nela (likanezi) to be enough for: Lico li
likani baenyi ni luna, the food is sufficient for us and our visitors
caus. -likanya (likanyize) (1) to equalize, to weigh, to measure; (2) to
estimate, to judge, to suppose, to compare, to de-scribe, to represent
(see: -lika-nya). int. -likanelela (likanelezi) to be quite equal, to be
quite suffi-cient, to be of the same length or height: Batu bao ba
likanelela kwa tuto, these people have the same standard of education;
Lico li ba li-kanelezi kaufela, the food was more than sufficient for them
all; Mabala ao a likanelela. these planks are of the same length ref. -
ltikanela (itikanezi) to have good proportions: U itikanezi mubili hande,
he has a well proportioned body.
likande (ma-) n. a friendly talk
likando (ma-) n. trouble, affliction difficulty, fix. (from: -nyanda).
likanganjamba (ma-) n. hornet cf. Iilao.
likangate, n. puzzling matter, inso-luble problem (from: -kangana). fig.
someone surpassing others in one way or another.
likangabalozhi (bo-) n. Luvale. person imune to witchcraft power
likango (ma-) n. slag, dross, scoria.
likanya (likanyize) v.t. (1) to equa-lize, to weigh, to measure (2) to
estimate, to judge, to suppose, to compare, to describe, to rep-resent
der. tikanyo. syn. -kakanya. rel. -likanyeza (likanyelize) (1) to share
equally: Mufe batu bupi ka ku ba likanyeza hande, give the people equal
shares of meal (2) to esti mate for, to describe to. caus. -li-kanyisa
(likanyisize) ( l ) to order to measure; (2) to compare; to imi-tate, to
 mimic; to retaliate freq. -likanyanga to make suppositions U. sike wa no
likanyanga likafela, u sa li zibi hande; do not make thoughtless
suppositionswhen you are ignorant of things ref. a) -iti-kanya
(itikanyize) to try on clothes (esp a dress): A mu to itikanya mwa ndelesi
mo, come and try on this dress b) -itikanyeza (itikanyelize) (1) to
measure oneself (height, etc ...): Mina ba sƒpalo, mu to itika-nyeza fa
sikala fa; you recruits, come and be weighed (also be measured for
height). (2) to com-pare oneself to others: U sike wa itikanyeza kwa
Malen'a hao, do not compare yourself with those in authority over you
lika–i, n. pl. disputes. (from: -kanana ).
likapa (ma-) n. a tin (container).
likapi (ma-) n. shell, bark, peel, rind, husk likapi la lino, the enamel of a
tooth; likapi la noha, snake's skin after being shed.
likasa-kasa, n. habit of touching everything cf. Iiswala-swala.
likato1 (ma-) n. big portion of cooked mealie-meal. syn. Iimpule.
likato2 (ma-) n. lion's footprint
likaya, n. Luyana. snuff, tobacco
likayamana, n. extreme difficulty (fro m -kayamana ).
like, n. slimy or sticky substance (on fish, etc . ) sp. exp.: Mutu yo u
nunka like la litapi, this man has a smell of fish
likeka (ma-) n. kind of very sharp grass fig. deceitful person cf. ka-bemba.
-likela (likezi) v.i. to set (sun, moon, stars) der. malikelelo. bulikelelo.
rel. -likelela (likelezi) to disappear: Mu zamaye ka tata, mu sike mwa
likelelwa ki lizazifa nzila; hurry up ! don't be on the road when the sun
sets caus, -likeleza (likelelize) to drive or force in, to sink Mu sike
mwa likeleza hahulu misumo mwa mubu. do not drive the poles too far into
the ground red, -likela-likela (likela-likezi) to set early: Lizazi la
maliha li likela-likelafela, the sun sets very early in winter
likeela, n. (used adverbially) care-lessness: Mu sike mwa no latanga fela
likomu likeela, stop sending the cattle for grazing without the cow-boy
(from:-keela).
likele (ma-) n. papyrus mat
likelekeshe (ma-) n. inveterate thief syn. Iilengwami, lilendele, liye-pandu,
etc ...
likendende (ma-) n. kind of ante-lope
likendu (ma-) n. reproach, rebuke
likena, n. kind of grass used to make mattresses or cushions
likepe (ma-) n. page (of a book).
likesani (ma-) n. edible tuberous plant growing in shallow water
likesha' n. habit of shirking work (from: -keshebisa): U tuhele likesha la
hao fa musebezi, do not shirk your work
likesha-mabanda (ma-) n. person always on travels..
liketiso (ma-) n. (1) tribute, common gift. (2) voting by ballot. (see
liketo) (from: -keta).
liketo (ma-) n. voting by ballot (from: -keta).
likeya-keya, n. kindness. playful-nesS,
likishi1 (ma-) n. masks masked personw dancer
likishi2 (ma-) n. demoniacal power of a spirit believed to act under the will
of a witchdoctor. syn. ka-nenga.

-likita1 (likitile) v.t. to punch some-one repeatedly, unmercifully. syn. -

titika. rel. -likitela (likitezi) to hit someone purposefully: Ba mu liki-
tezi busholi bwa hae, they beat him unmercifully because of his thiev-ing.
caus. -likitisa (likitisize) to help, to cause to be beaten repeat-edly:
Kacenu mu to lu likitisa kwa milupa ya luna, come and help us to beat the
drums today; Ki wena ya lu likitisize batu, it is your fault that we have
been beaten up by the people.
-likita2 (likitile) v.i, to gallop, to run fast (man). syn. -lika. rel. -
likitela (likitezi) to run or to hurry to-wards: U likitezi kwa Mabumbu
kacenu busihu, he went very hur-riedly to Mabumbu last night. caus. -
likitisa (likitisize) to cause to run.
-liko (ma-) n. bend of a river, meander; curving of a sand belt. cf. siko.
likobe, n. pl. boiled grains of maize, samp.
likocokile (bo-) n. a person well shaped (in reference to his nape); a long-
headed person. (from: -kocoka ).
likoka (ma-) n. long rope tied to a restive animal (esp. cattle).
likoko (ma-) n. stubble of kaffir-corn beginning to grow again after harvest.
likokoma (ma-) n. small snuff-holder.
likokomba, n. way of going unin-vited to a place. syn. Iikakamba.
likokombisa, n. (see: likakambisa) likokoshola, n. manner of bringing
troubles on others or upon one-self.
likokota, n. abusive tendency of knocking at the door.

likola–unyi (ma-) n. kind of cater-pillar

likolo1 (ma-) n. woman in charge of one of the Litunga's outhouses called
Makolo.
likolo2 (ma-) n. swollen eyelid
likolo3 (ma-) n. (1) group of people under the leadership of a council-lor;
(2) regiment: Likolo la Solami ne li Mooka, the group of people under the
leadership of Solami was called Mooka.
likolola (ma-) n. great white egret. Iikolola2 (ma-) n. rim of crust stick-
ing to the inside of a pot. syn. Iihoho.
likolombisa, n. persistent begging
likoloto (ma-) n. tool used to hollow out wood
likolowali (ma-) n. general name for all partridges
likolwe (ma-) n. edible tuber and seed of a kind of water-lily (for-merly
forbidden to slaves).
likombandala (ma-) n. Luyana. long skirt which trails on the ground
likombelelo (ma-) n. Luyana. place where people gather together to pray to
their ancestors (from: -kombekela).
likombombo (ma-) n. watery cooked mealie-meal (from: kamba).
likomokelo, n. name of a place where something amazing happened in the past.
(from: -komoka ).
likonde (ma-) n. banana (plantain or take over fruit)
likondo (ma-) n. Luyana. anat. Ieg. Iikondondo (ma-) n. centipede, mil-lipede
likopa (ma-) n. starving person or cattle.
likoshi (ma-) n. nape of the neck, back of the head fig. exp: ku sebe-leza
likoshi, to work for nothing.

likosho (ma-) n. Luyana. mixture of wax and fat (used for tuning drums). syn.
nango.
likosana (ma-) n. Luyana. headman syn. kosana.
likoto (ma-) n. type of creeper. Iikowe (ma-) n. type of millet
liku, n. irregular and heavy pound-ing of the heart caused by strong
emotions. (from: -likuka).
-likuka (likukile) v.i. to puisate quickly (heart) der. Iiku. cf. tula-tula.
rel. -likukela (likukezi) to strike someone violently: Ba mu li-kukezi ka
mulamu omutuna, they struck him with a knobkerry freq. -likauka
(likaukile) to puisate (strong repeated strokes) caus. -li-kaukisa
(likaukisize) to provoke sudden heavy puisations of the heart
likukela (ma-) n. floating grass of rced. (from: -kuka).
likuku (ma-) n. Iigneous grass used for making thin rope
-likula (likuzi) v.t. to beat severely. syn. -nata. rel. -likulela (likukezl)
to give someone a beating on an-other's behalf caus. -likulisa (lik -
 lisize) to cause someone to be beaten. freq. -likaula (likauzi) or-
likaulanga to beat repeatedly: Ku maswe ku no likaulanga mwanana cwalo, it
is very bad to beat a child often like that ref. -ltikaula (iti-kauzi) to
beat up one another re-peatedly
likulakulenge (ma-) n. dangerous thief
likulekelo (ma-) n. string handie. (from -kuleka ).
likulela, n. act of going along thc shore to spear fish Ha u waya lik4-lela.
u tokomele hahulu fa mabua -he careful of the dangerous whirlpools when
you spear fish along the shore.

likuli (ma-) n. very big river island: Mbeta ki likuli lelituna la Bulozi,
Mbeta is a very big island in Bulozi
likuluamba (ma-) n. Luyana. very important matter.
Likulube, n. Orion (constellation).
-likuluha (likuluhile) v.i. to turn one`s head in order to look behind syn. -
ltemuna. rel. -likulu-hela (likuluhezi) to turn one's head towards an
object cuas. -likulusa (likulusize) to cause to turn the head rel. to
cause to turn the head towards U sike wa likuluseza toho kusili ho u beiwa
mulyani mwa meto, do not turn your head when drops are being put into your
eyes red. -likuluha-likuluha (likuluha-likulu-hile) to loiter Mu sike mwa
liku-luha-likuluha mwa nzila, mu ta yo fita busihu do not dilly-dally or
you will still be on the road when night falls
likulukwe ( ma-) n. great wizard (sorcerer).
likululu (ma-) n. large path
likululume1 (ma-) n. horn containing medicine once used in warlike ex-
peditions
likululume2 (ma-) n. Luyana. very old man
likulunganga (ma-) n. Luyana. po-werful African doctor; important witchdoctor
(from:-nganga).
likuluyoka (ma-) n. Luyana. (also: likulunyoka) any big snake Mu sike mwa
bapalanga mwa mushitu ku na ni makuluyoka, do not play in the forest as
there are big snakes. likumangas n. Luyana. wrestling habit (from: -
mangana). syn. Ii-mangana. likumba (ma-) n. inner bark of mutuya, mukwe or
lundu trees used for tying and making ropes.
likumbu (ma-) n. thick shell of a fruit lihuluhulu or lihwahwa cf. sika-
pana.
likumbu2 (ma-) n. murmur, mumbled reproach. (from: -kum-bula ).
likumbwa (ma-) n. kind of small fish.
likumuca (ma-) n. someone carry-ing a load coming home from town after a long
absence.
lkunda-kundi (ma-) n. member of the Litunga's body guard. syn. imi-lema
(from: -kunda-kunda).
likundu (ma-) n. broken paddle.
likunduyamana (ma-) n. Luyana. any kind of large wild beast. syn.
kunduyamana.
likunganelo (ma-) n. (also: likonga-nelo) place where people mect.
likunka (ma-) n. ear of corn or millet.
likunutu (ma-) n. secret, private talk. syn. kunutu.
likupo (ma-) n. rib anat.
likushakulenge (ma-) n. thief. Iikushukushu (ma-) n. thief.
likuta (ma-) n. (1) council, court, conference: Likuta li se li kopani, the
conference is beginning: (2) troop: likuta la masole, a troop of soldiers.
likute, n. politeness, respect: Kale likute la Ma/ozi ne li zibiwa kai ni
kai, in the past the politeness of the Malozi was known every-where.
(from: -kuteka).
likuto. n. habit of putting curses on people: Mutu wa likuto u sabwa ki batu
ba ba–ata, someone who is always putting curses on people is feared by
many.
likutongo, n. habit of forbidding others to give away things without
permission: Mutu wa likutongo u sabisa musali ku fa bahabo lico, a man
inclined to stinginess pre-vents his wife from giving food to her
relatives. (from: -itongwela).
likutundule, n. pride, self praise, conceit syn. buikumuso.
likutwenyi (ma-) n. important visi-tor
likuwa', n. parasitic plant growing on trees.
likuwa2, n. high-pitched voice: Likuwa li maswe mwa naha ~^a liba-tana, in a
country full of wild beasts a high-pitched voice is dangerous
likuwa-liseteli, n. brave warrior
likuwanga, n. Luyana. frequent pes-tering and visiting people for no reason
likuwangelo (ma-) n. place where people meat together for mourn-ing syn.
Iililelo.
likwa (ma-) n. a large spear
likwafa (ma-) n. arm-pit syn. Iih-wafa.
likwali (ma-) n. partridge
likwambi (ma-) n. (also likwambi-kwambi) stout well-built man
likwambuyu (ma-) n. councillor, representative of the Litunga's authority in
the country
likwanamunu, n. a group of people fig. name given to a particular group of
people who have died Likwanamunu kaufela ba na pepilwe ni bona ha sinl
ehile. all of his gen-eration are now dead.
likwangala (ma-) n. edible tuber of water-lity
likwasha (ma-) n. bachelor. spin-ster, unmarried man or woman svn. njilulume,
namukuka.
likwashauki (ma-) n. great walker (from -kwashoka ).
likwashukwashu (ma-) n. stout, tall man
likwata (ma-) n. Luvana. habit of marrying frequenily (from: -kwata ).
likwati1 (ma-) n. bark of tree.

likwati2 (ma-) n. wooden or iron box, chest, case. fig. thin, emaci-ated
person
likwebola, n. (also: likwebaula ) manner of taking things away stealthily or
unobserved.
likwecameno, n. gnashing, grinding of teeth fig. hell
likwelo (ma-) n. spittoon (for a sick person)
likweyoka or likwelvauka, n. manner of going to and fro with evil intentions.
likwembele (ma-) n. long African knife.
likwena-kwena, n. m an ne r of fre-quently visiting people whilst having had
intentions: Mu tukele likwena-kwena mwa libaka za batu. mu ka tahelwa ki
litaba, you must stop your habit of always calling with bad intentions on
people. or you will get into trouble (from: -kwena-kwena ).
likwena-kwenisa, n. manner of chasing somebody: Mu tubele lik-wena-kwenisa la
banana mwa lipula (a sikolo), mu ta holofala; do not chase children in the
classroom or you will hurt yourself
likwengele (ma-) n. Iarge spear
likwese (ma-) n. clod of earth. cf. Iinomo.
-lila 1 (lilile) v.i. (I ! to weep, to cry. to pule: to lament, to mourn, tt
bewail syn. -tuwa. (2) to bellow, to low, to mew, to neigh, to quack. to
roar (3) to ring (bell, etc.) syn. -ngondola. (4) to resound (as a drum ):
Ni utwa miltipa IW lila, I hear the roaring noise of the drums der.
mulili, sililo. rel. -lilela (lilezi) to weep for, to deplore, to desire
ardently: Ni lilela ku leka wa! ale.vi, I am longing to buy a radio. caus.
-lilisa (lilisize) to cause to cry: Se.si mu lilisa cewlo ki sika maisi?
 what makes him cry like this? freq. -li-langa to be always crying red.-
lila-lila (lila-lilile) to cry all the time without a reason ref. a) -
itila (itilile) to lament: the Lwa itila, unomwaha lu ka shwa tala; we are
lamenting for we shall starve this year b) -itilela (itilezi) to lament
for: U itelelafela, he is crying for nothing. c) -itilisa ( itilisize) to
weep in order to attract attention Mwa-nana ha itilisa, ki kuli u bata
kurlwa sesinwi; when a child is crying, it often means that he wants some-
thing d) -itilelela (itilelezi) to ask someone for help in difficulty
-lila2 (lilile) v.t. to plaster, to smear der. bulilo. syn. -mateha. rel. -
lilela (lilezi) to ~ for someone caus. -lilisa (lilisize) to order or to
help to ~ rec. -lilisana (lilisani) to help each other in plastering: Ku
lili-sana ki mukwa omunde, it is a good habit to help each other when
plastering freq. -lilanga to ~ fre-quently: Mu no lilanga mandu a
minarande ni mwahali, plaster your houses outside and inside fre-quently
inv. -lilulula (liluluzi) (int. meaning) to plaster for a second time: Ha
lu na mubu hande wa lizupa mwa katambi ka luna, kabe ni lilulula ndu ya
ka; I would plaster my house for the second time if we had good clay in
the pit red. -lila-lila (lila-lilile) to ~ again and again ref. -ltilela
(itilezi) to ~ for oneself
-lila3 (lilile) v.i. to be very ardent. to be burning, to be hot (sun)
lila4 (ma-) n. a bowei.
lilaba (ma-) n. kind of snare.
lilaho (ma-) n. bottom, buttocks: Lilaho la nuka, bed of a river; lilaho la
tobolo, the butt of a gun
lilaka (ma) n. kind of vegetable marrow.

lilakana, n. racing, competition.

lilakanisa, n. way of urging people to race, to compete: Lilakanisa la banana
li maswe, there is no good urging children to compete all the time.
lilakato (ma-) n. epiglottis, uvula. syn. kalakato.
lilako (ma-) n. garden near the house.
lilama (ma-) n. cheek anat.
lilamba-lamba, n. manner of involv-ing innocent parties in law-suits.
lilambo (ma-) n. pile of meat or fish (fresh).
lilami, n. anything which lies heav-ily upon someone: Ha na kufola kapili,
butuku bwa hae ki lilami; he will not recover quickly, for his ill-ness is
very serious. (from: -ilama).
lilanga (ma-) n. liquid, excretion from the eye (not tears).
lilangano (ma-) n. Luyana. sleeping place. fig. burial place, burying ground.
lilangu1¼ (ma-) n. small snuff calabasE from mulangu tree.
lilangu2 (ma-) n. tip of a lion's tail. fig. exp: lilangu fafasi, knocked
down: Tau i shwile, lilangu lifafasi; the tail is down the lion is dead:
Ne ba mangana ha lu yo kumbu-luka, yomuinwi se li lilangu fafasi; there
were wrestling and before we had time to realize it, one was already
knocked down.
lilao (ma-) n. wasp, hornet. fig. exp: ku ipizeza malao, to act in such a way
that one has to suffer. cf. Ii-kanganjamba.
lilapelelo (ma-) n. place of worship. (from: -lapela).
lilapi (ma-) n. rag, patch.
lilasha (ma-) n. piece of coal.
lilata (ma-) n. noise, bluster.
lilato, n. Iove, affection, charity: Lilato la Mulimu ha li na bufelo, God's
love is infinite: Plato wa ka, my darling.
-lilauka (lilaukile) v.i. to be longing for. rel. -lilaukela (lilaukezi) to
ask for something greatly needed: Mute u lukela ka lilaukela ka wahabo
kuli a mu tuse sa bata; it is not impolite for someone to ask for help
 from a relative. caus. -li-laukisa (lilaukisize) to make a person crave
for something. freq. -lilaukanga to be. always longing for something.
lileke, n. swooning from hunger.
lilelelol (ma-) n. place where people meet to plot or make plans: Mwa ndu ya
Kabika ki Mona mo ne li mwa lilelelo, the plot was hatched in Kabika's
house.
lilelelo2 (ma-) n. playing area for children.
lilema-lema, n. Luyana. the habit of touching and handling things con-
tinually. syn. Iiswala-swala, li-manga-manga.
lilemanu, n. pl. implements of any kind which may hurt. (from: -lema).
lilembalemba (ma-) n. dense or deep shade. fig. well being.
lilendele (ma-) n. thief, house-breaker.
lilenge, n. one of the Litunga's houses inside the palace yard.
lilengwami (ma-) n. thief, house-breaker, cattle-lifter, kleptoma-niac. syn.
Iiyepandu. cfi mwalyang-ombe.
lilete (ma-) n. testicle, scrotum.
lileu (ma-) n. piece of meat (rump) given as a reward to someone who has
skinned the animal.
lili? inter. adv. when?
lilibuho ( ma-) n. Sotho. border, frontier: Akombelwa na lauzwi kayo libelela
malibuho kwa Kancomba, Akombelwa was chosen to go and guard the border
near Kancomba.
ili-lili-lili, interj. applause of joy and satisfaction.
lililo (ma-) n. mourning on occasion of a death. (from: Lila).
-lilimala (lilimalile) v.i. to wait a little, to be patient: U lilimale pili
hanyinyani, wait a while. syn. -litela. caus. -lilimaza (lilimalize) to
delay: U no lilimaza pile ya Lao, be patient.
lilimba (ma-) n. spot, speck; komu ye malimba-limba, a spotted cow.
lilimeka (lilimekile) v.t. to kill many at a time; to cut wood in quantity: U
lilimekile linyunywani ze–ata, he killed a great number of birds; ni ma ni
tata hahulu, kacenu ni lilime-kile likota ze–ata; I am really strong, I
felled a lot of trces today.
lilimi (ma-) n. tongue (also: Mimi). fig. tale bearing: U tuhele lilimi la
hao leo, stop that tale bearing of you rs !
lilindo (ma-) n. light grass tied on a fishing net as a marker.
-liloka (lilokile) v.t. to have fore-bodings. der. tiloko. caus. -lilokisa
(lilokisize) to cause to ~: Se si mu lilokisa cwalo ki sabo, his for bod-
ings are caused by fear.
liloko (ma-) n. praises, adage, old maxim, proverb: Maloko a Silozi a bonisa
butali, Silozi proverbs reveal wisdom.
lilole (ma-) n. a year-old heifer.
lilolo1 (ma-) n. trop of hippos or place where they live.
lilolo2 (ma-) n. kind of edible fruit. 1ilOlo3, n. persistence, continuity:
Pula ya lilolo imaswe, a persisting rain is bothering.
lilomba (ma-) n. draining ditch, canal.
lilombamema (ma-) n. imaginary snake (witchcraft).
lilombola, n. dance performed by villagers when a girl reaches pu-berty.
lilondwe (ma-) n. large louse: Likubo za hae li tezi malondwe, his blankets
are full of lice.
lilongelo (ma-) n. place where goods are loaded.
lilongo1 (ma-) n. powerful speech (from: -longola).
lilongo2 (ma-) n. kind of tree (Rhodesian Tree Hibiscus Azanza garekeana).
lilongolelo (ma-) n. place where goods are unloaded.
lilotoli (ma-) n. a drop, rain drop.
lilu (ma-) n. cloud. fig. tall person: Nyambe ki Lila, u bonahala kwahule
inge Lila; Nyambe is very tall and can be seen from far away.
liluka or luluka (ma-) n. papyrus mat (man's work). cf. museme wa sikololo
(woman's work).
liluko (ma-) n. family, genealogy: U swale hande ba Nikko la hens, look after
the members of your family. liluli (ma-) n. dust; ye ted liluli, dusty.
lilulu1 (ma-) n. inside walls of a rec-tangular house.
lilulu2n. craving for meat or fish (salted): ka shwa lilulu, to long for meat
or fish. cf. bululu.
liluluwe (ma-) n. state of being made responsible for things done by others:
Ma ni wa liluluwe, bate ba ni toile hahulu; people hate me; they make me
responsible for all their mistakes.
lilumbatina (ma-) n. Luyana. pet family surname.
lilumbu (ma-) n. knot of grass made to frighten thieves. syn. sifunda.
lilume (ma-) n. headman. important person. well known revered person,
subordinate councillor.
lilume2, n. kind of grass much used m thatching. syn. mwange.

lilumo (ma-) n. (1) spear; (2) car-tridge, bullet. fig. treacherous person:
Mute yani ki lilumo ka na, ha ni mu lati mwa sibaka sa ka; I don't want
that man in my house, he is my enemy
lilundu (ma-) n. hill, mountain cf. mulunda.
lilungelo (ma-) n. centre of a field where a game starts (football, etc...)
(from: -lunga)
-lilungu, n. dryness, drought (also: lilungwe).
Lilungwe, n. Venus (in the morn-ing) cf. Sikupamulalelo.
liluo (ma-) n. (also: liluwo) riches, fortune, wealth, property
lilwanga (ma-) n. air-bubble pro-duced by fish or crocodile
lilyoi, n. (also: lilioyi) carelessness, heedlessness, bad habit of eating
much without caring for the future
-lima1 (limile) v.t. to plough, to till, to cultivate. der. mulimi, bulimi,
njimo, time, mulimelo. fig. to make inquiries (with the authority of the
law): Ba Simile mwa ndu ya hae, mane ba pumbuzi mishengo mwa-te–i; they
forcibly searched his house and dug up charms believed to have magic power
rel. -limela (limezi) to ~ for someone. cuas. -limisa (limisize) to help
to ~. stat. -limeha (limehile) to be ploughable: Pula ha i nela hahulu,
mobs ha u limehi hande; it is difficult to plough after heavy rain int. -
lime-lela (limelezi) ( l ) to plough the whole garden; (2) to work in
some-one's garden for food rec. -limi-sana (limisani) to help each other
in cultivating freq a) -limanga to be always cultivating: Ha ni na ka no
limanga simu mahala, ni sa fumani sesinwi; l do not want to keep on
cultivating for nothing; b) -limaka (limakile) to plough with obsti-nacy.
fig. to make deep incisions: Lipazo za hae kwa butuna, ba mu li-makile
maswe; how big his scarifi-cations are, the people cut him very deeply.
inv. limulula (limuluzi) or -limununa (limununile) to plough for the
second time. red. -lima-lima (lima-limile) to plough half-heart-edly. ref.
-ltimela (itimezi) to culti-vate for oneself.
-lima2 (limile) v.t. to beat someone severely, to strike. cf. -nata. rel. -
limela (limezi) to thrash someone on another's behalf. freq. -limaka
(limakile) to continually thrash a person.
limanga-manga, n. Luyana. the habit of touching and handling things
continually. syn. Iilemalema, liswalaswala.
limangana, n. habit of wrestling with others. syn. Iikumanga.
limao (ma-) n. (also: lumao) ncedle used to sew skins.
limapo, n. pl. leaders of a nation. (sce: mapo).
-limba (limbile) v.t. to press down. caus. (1) -limbisa (limbisize) to help
to press down; (2) to help to knock down. rec. -limbana (lim-bani) to
alternately knock down each other. freq. -limbatama (lim-batami) to be
lying in disorder. inv. a) -limbutula (limbutuzi) to remove the top of a
 load in order to lighten it; to remove an aggressor who was knocked down
someone; b) -limbuka (limbukile) to cease to press down. ref. -itimba
(itimbile) to lie heavily on any part of the body; to tread on someone's
feet. fig. exp: ku itimba mulala, to die.
limbale, n. pl. body sores caused by being near the fire: U cile limbale, he
is suffering from sores caused by his being very close to the fire.

-limbama (limbami) v.i. & v.t. to lie upon: A mu lobaze hande mwanana yo, a
mu bone u limbami yomunwi; put the child in his own place, for he is lying
on top of the other: to prostrate (illness): Fibele i mu limbami, malaria
prostrated him. syn. -shangama.
limbambalamzila (bo-) n. swift j animal often used for riding. i limbamba, n.
impatience.
-limbana (limbani) v.i. to come from j different directions, forming a crowd;
to assemble in one place. cf. -kubukana.
-limbateka (limbatekile) v.t. to pile up things. rel. -limbatekela (limba-
tekezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -limbatekisa (limbatekisize) to help to ~.
limbatoki (bo-) n. somebody who goes to meet people. (from: -mba-toka).
-limbaula (limbauzi) v.i. to stare speechiessly (often when re-proved).
(also: -limbola).
limbeka (limbekile) v.t. to add to the weight. rel. -limbekela (lim-bekezi)
to heap up more than the-measure for someone. der. ngam-beko.
limbekuma1 (ma-) n. fever, a cold. syn. mufikela.
limbekuma2 (ma-) n. harlot, prosti-tute. (from: -mbekuma).
limbema (ma-) n. mule. fig. truant
limbemba, n. half-pounded maize.
limbembe, n. pol. kind of grass used a relish.
limbengwa (ma-) n. prostitute, harlot, loose-woman. syn. Iicen-cetwa.
limbetelo (ma-) n. place where the royal drums are kept and beaten. Iimbi,
n.pl. grey hair: U melezi limbi mwa ndea, his hair turned grey while he
was still young.

limbinda, n. kind of grass used in basketery. cf. timbuu.

Limbinyu (bo-) n. a person whose back is bent backwards. (from: -mbinyuka).
limbola (limbozi) v.i. (also: -lim-baula) to stare speechlessly (often when
reproved).
limbongo (ma-) n. kind of edible fruit found in the forest and which the
kankuni snake is fond of.
limbongola (ma-) n. cancerous abs-cess.
limbongolume (ma-) n. same as lim-bongo, but with a larger fruit.
limbu (ma-) n. blister, corn.
limbula1 n. pl. kind of bow-nets.
-limbula2 (limbuzi) v.t. to prepare bird-lime in order to catch birds. der.
bulimbwe.
limbuluka (limbulukile) v.i. to be mistrusted by people because of one`s
misbehaviour: U ta limbu-luka, buhata bu maswe; he will not be trusted for
his lies.
-limbulula (limbuluzi) v.t. to dis-cover a cheat and part from him: Ni mu
limbuluzi, ki mutu ya maswe; he is a bad man, so I dropped his company
der. malimbuluti, silimbu-luti. rel. -limbululela (limbululezi) to part
from a person for some reaSon Ni mu limbululezifa ku ni puma, I left him
because he had deceived me. caus. -limbululisa (limbululisize) to cause
others to part friendship. ref. -ltimbululela (itimbululez;) to dissociate
oneself from someone for a particular reaSon Ni itimbululezi, ni boni
mikwa va hae; I dissociated myself from him, for I had noticed his be-
haviourt
limbuluwe (ma-) n. tadpole. fig. person with big head.
limbuma (ma-) n. grey heron, black-headed heron.

limbumbwe (ma-) n. kind of lig-neous grass used as fuel in the Bulozi plain.
fig. a real Mulozi.
limbungu (ma-) n. corn (on feet). Iimbumwaeti, n. pl. the wooden bars of a
xylophone which give the deeper sound.
limbwambutuka, n. endiess tale-tell-ing. cf. Iimbwambwata.
limbwambwa, n. great talker, chat-ter-box. fig. person who wets the bed when
asleep (enuraesas).
limbwatu (ma-) n. a tear (especially in a fishing net). (from: -mbwa-tula ).
limbwatuka, n. tale-telling.
limbwatuko (ma-) n. peanuts pre-pared as relish.
limbwekesha, n. running about for no reason. fig. habit of interfering in
matters which do not concern one.
limbweletete (ma-) n. excrement. fig. badly cooked porridge.
limbwembweta, n. trembling, shivering (through fear) (from: -mbwembweta ).
limbwenga-mbwenga, n. habit of being late when starting a journey. syn.
Iifunduko, lifuwa-fuwa, liweya-weya. (from: -mbwenga-mbwenga). Iimbwetuka,
n. surprise, astonish-ment, wonder. (from: mbwetuka). Iimbwewewe, n. .pl.
hail; pula ya limb-wewewe, stormy rain with hail. (see: simbwewewe).
lime, n. plenty, abundance.
limeku (ma-) n. sugar-cane rind (sharp and cutting). fig. sharp knife.
-limekela (limelezi) v.t. to work in someone's garden for food. der.
mulimeleli. syn. -limenena. ref. -lti-melela (itimelezi) same meaning as
above: Ni latelela ba baiiwi, ni na ni yo itimelela kwatei1i, 1 am
following the others, for I too want to go and work for food.
limendele (ma-) n. condition of someone whose legs are bent backwards.
limenge (ma-) n. kind of reed (virtu-ally resistant to white ants).
-limenena (limenezi) v.t. to work in someone's garden for food. syn. -
limelela.
limiye, n. dissatisfaction, disobedi-ence.
liminabanganga (bo-) n. someone who, because of his magic power. is greater
than all the other witch-doctors.
limomo, n. child crying for little or no reason. (from: -momotoka). syn.
sililafela.
limonsomonso (ma-) n. swect edible fruit of the forest.
limonyeha, n. dangerous habit of using grass torches: U no tuXela li-monyeha-
monyeha, u ta cisa ndu; give up your dangerous habit of always using grass
torches, for you will burn down the house.
limota (ma-) n. wall, partition wall.
limpana (ma-) n. kind of edible aquatic tuberous plant.
limpololo (ma-) n. crested guinea-fowl.
limpule (ma-) n. big portion of cooked mealie-meal. syn. Iikato. cf. musulo.
(from: -sempula).
-limula (limuzi) v.t. to beat severely. cf. -likita. rel. -limulela
(limulezi) to ~ on another's behalf. caus. -limu-lisa (limulisize) to help
to beat, to cause someone to be beaten.
limumbwa (ma-) n. kind of leopard. Iimunju (bo-) n. slander, calumny,
defamation. (from: -munjula).
linaka (ma-) n. (also lunaka) horn; linaka la tou. tusk, ivory.
linala (ma-) n. nail, claw. fig. exp: Ni pilezifa linala, I had a narrow
escape.

linalu (ma-) n. vandalism, wrecking activity. (from: -talula).

linanga (ma-) n. drought: sp. exp: Pula i ile linanga, it has not been
raining for several days (altough we might have expected good showers).
 fig. exp: Busunso bu ile li-nanga, we have been short of relish: Matapa a
bongete, mazazi, a, a ile linanga; we have not heard her insults recently.
linangelelo (ma-) n. place from where you can observe; observa-tory place.
(from: nangela).
linanu, n. playfuiness. (from: -nanuba).
-linda (lindile) v.t. to tie light grass called matutu as floats for a net.
der. Iilindo. rel. -lindela (lindezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -lindisa
(lindi-size) to help to ~. inv. -lindulula (linduluzi) to unfasten grass
floats from a net.
-linda-linda (linda-lindile) v.i. to hesitate when about to go. rel. -linda-
lindela (linda-lindezi) to wait for something when about to go. caus. -
linda-lindisa (linda-lindisize) to cause someone not to leave in time.
lindanda (ma-) n. large village.
lindanga, n. women's initiation dance. (from: -ndanga).
lindangelo (ma-) n. women's initia-tion place. (from: -ndanga).
-lindeka (lindekile) v.t. to pile up. syn. -bundeka. rel. -lindekela (linde-
kezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -lin-dekisa (lindekisize) to help to ~. red.
a) -lindeka-lindeka (lindeka-lindekile) to pile up in various places; b) -
lindateka (lindatekile) to heap up things repeatedly.
-lindimana (lindimani ) v.i. ( l ) to run fast. syn. -landamana, -windimana.
(2) to congregate in an open place (people, cattle, etc.) rel. -lindima-
nela (lindimanezi) (1) to run to-wards; (2) to congregate in order to see
something: Se ba lindimanezi fani. ba bona mutu ya hatilwe ki mota; they
are gathering to sce someone involved in a car acci-dent. caus. -
lindimanisa (lindimani-size) to chase. (also: -lindimeka).
lindinda (ma-) n. wave (water). cf. Iipaipai, liputu.
-lindinga (lindingile) v.t. to beat a person all over. syn. -titika. rel. -
lindingela (lindingezi) to ~ for a reason, to ~ for someone: Ba mu
lindingela busholi, they are beating him unmercifully because he is a
thief. caus. -lindingisa (lindingisize) to help to ~ to cause to be
beaten: Ki yena ya ni lindingisize batu. it is his fault that people beat
me like this. rec. -lindingana (lindingani) to beat one another.
lindombe, n. scurvy. syn. mazambo, nakashasha.
lindula (linduzi) v.t. to beat. rel. -lin-dulela (lindulezi) to beat for a
reason, to beat for someone. caus. -lindulisa (lindulisize) to cause to be
beaten. rec. -lindulana (lindu-lani) to beat each other. freq. -lin-daula
(lindauzi) to beat unmerci-fully again and again. ref. a)-itin-dula
(itinduzi) to beat oneself: U itinduzi kwa kota bakeiqi sa liff, he hurt
himself against a trce because of the darkness; b) -itindaula (itin-dauzi)
(1) to beat onself repeat-edly: ku itindaula busihu bakeni sa minaini, to
slap oneself constantly during the night because of . mosquitoeS. (2) to
beaf each other or to fight sp. exp: Ku itindaula ka linindi, fist
fighting
lindunduya, n. habit of walking all over Mwanana yo u na ni lindan-duya
hahulu, this child is always going from one place to another (from: -
ndanduya ).
Iindunu n. husk of millet or corn. fig. bad food.
lineku (ma-) n. side (often drops the initial li-) Kwa lineku la malikelelo,
on the west side.
linenu (ma-i n. peat soil mixed with a lot of plant remains.
lingalaela, n. habit of walking in open places in order to be seen (from -
ngalaela).
lingalaelelo (ma-) n. open place where people mezt. (from: -ngalaela).
lingalakashakwe, n. over-pretence.
lingalula (ma-) n. manner of laugh-ing loudly: ku seha lingalula, to laugh
loudly, to roar with laughter syn. Iingwelula.
lingambwa (ma-) n. pumpkin leaf (used as relish).
lingangama, n. shivering, trembling. (from -ngangama).
lingangamana, n. amazement, awe.
lingayana, n. manner of speaking senselessly (from -ngaya).
-lingeloi (ma-) n. Eng. angel.
lingengema (ma-) n. piece of corrugated iron.
lingetuka (rna-) n. indolence: Mu no sebeza, mm tuhele lingetuka; work and do
not be idle!
linge1 n. pl women's skirts made of an•mals' skins (wern in old times). |
lingo2 n. pl. nostrils. (see: ngo).
lingiomba (ma-) n. kind of bird (Ground Hornbill).
lingongole (ma-) n. huge imaginary water-snake.
lingongwe, n. secretion of ants found on trces and used as a glue to stop
leaks fig (1) person per- sistently begging; (2) manner of holding someone
very tightly: Yena ha Au lambezi, ike lingongwe; when he holds you, there
is no hope of escaping (lit: just like glue) (from: -ngongwela).
lingotela (ma-) n. shade under reeds, used as a passage by hippos
lingoweka, n. manner of speaking at length (from: -ngoweka).
lingulunde (ma-) n. strong-headed person. (from: -ngulunda).
lingunda-mukulo (bo-) n. someone wandering about purposelessly. (from: -
ngunda) syn. mungunda.
lingunde (ma-) n. kind of fishing basket used by Mambunda men.
lingunga, n. way of cheating cle-verly cunningly. (from: -ngunga). Iingungi
(ma-) n. woman past the age of child-bearing.
lingungunywa (ma-) n. smali horn: lump on a crocodile head.
lingunja (ma-) n. draining ditch cf. mungunja.
linguya, n. song: linguva za li rakwa. drunkards songs, bacchic songs. (from:
-nguya ).
lingwalungwalu, n. very big thing (canoe, house, etc . . .). (from:-ng-
walumuka ).
lingwamba (ma-) n. deep gulf of a river.
lingwangwa (ma-) n. greedy person: dangerous thief (believed to change
himself into a lion).
lingwangwali (ma-) n. Iaryn.
lingwangwasha, n. tottering trem-bling, shivering (old person) (from: -
ngwangwasha ).
lingwelula (ma-) n. manner of laughing loudly: ku seha lingwelula, to roar
with laughter. syn. Iinga-lula.
lingwemba (ma-) n. kind of owl (connocted with witchcraft).
lininga, n. pl. a species of fish (specially palatable) living in rapids
areas. (sce: itungwe).
linjaluka, n. temerity.
linjanga (ma-) n. a weight tied to a net in order to stretch it down.

linjangana, n. manner of speaking without coming to the point. (from: -

njangana).
linjanjamana, n. admiration. (from: -njanjamana). syn. Iicimana.
linjanjata, n. trembling, shivering, (from: -njanjata).
linjangu, n.pl. tobacco seeds.
linjila, n. pl. intestinal worms.
linjobo (ma-) n. fringe of a shawl.
linkalankala (ma-) n. tortoise shell filled up with medicines and be-lieved
to cause people harm (witchcraft).
lino (meno) n. tooth. (see: libako). Iinolwani, n.pl. trifling matters.
lino-lya-malyanga, n. Luyana. deep wilderness. fig. great loneliness: Ya ka
ni lamulela ki maini, lino-lya-ma-lyanga? who could rescue me from my
great desolation.
linonge, n. pl. grumbling, dissatis-faction: Wena u na ni linonge hahulu;
you, you are always dissa-tisfied and grumbling.
linonu (ma-) n. vulture. fig. some-one quick to know where to find beer or
food. fig. exp: Linoinu li li-lfiiwi ha li matelwi, do not act after
hearing only one account (lit: it is of no use to run after only one vul-
ture).
linonsi (ma-) n. honey. fig. pleasant matter: Taba ya hae inge ye lungilwe
linonsi, his story is a joy to hear! syn. mwanji.
linungo (ma-) n. knot.
linwisezo (ma-) n. goal-posts (foot-ball).
linyaka (ma-) n. space between toes.
linyalo (ma-) n. marriage: mukiti wa linvalo, wedding (from: -nyala).
linyamunya, n. feeling of irritation of the flesh (caused by insects).
linyando (ma-) n. misery. (see: ma-nyando).

linyanyu, n. tip úf the toes: ku zamava ka linyanyu, to tlptoe. (from: -

nyanyukal syn. tunyanyu.
linyawe, n. maner of attracting someone's attenton in order to tempt him or
her.(from: -nyauba).
linyelelo (ma-) n. stooling place. (from: -nyela).
linyolwa (ma-) n. thirst. (from: -nyolwa ).
linyonga (ma-) n. pilot-fish (the pre-sence of this fish often means the
proximity of crosodiles).
linuumbo (ma-) 1. (1) children's play consiting offinding a hidden object.
(2) riddir. (from yumba) see: liuumbo cf. nela.
linzwi (ma-) n. v0ice; word: lia ni na manzwi amaiata, I have not much to
say.
li–a (ma-) n. us. Il. chap(s) under the foot; fissure in dried-up earth, etc
. ..
li–alwe (ma-) n. kind of cultivated tuberous plant.
linanga (ma-) n. bJndle of strips of the inner bark cf trces, used for tying.
linani (ma-) n. small spark. cf. Iianyi.
linau (ma-) n. cheetah.
linele (ma-) n. (se: ma–ele).
linende (ma-) n. lcaf (millet); dough without leaven.
linetana (ma-) n. rotsherd; broken piece of earthenware.
liniba (ma-) n. scar of a healed wound.
linobyo, n. pl. eyeash. (sce: –obyo).
linolo (ma-) n. letter (epistle); li–olo le li paka litaba, written
statement; linolo le li potolo)a, circular-letter. (from: -–ola).
linomo (ma-) n. snall clod of earth syn. Iikwese.
linonde (ma-) n. uu pl. wrinkle(s) in the skin.

linope (ma-) n. precipice along a steep bank of a river. cf. munanga.

li–uluya (ma-) n. us. pl grcen, slimy vegetation on the surface of still
water.
li–ungwa (ma-) n. hurricane, tem-pest, storm.
li–walala (ma-) n. crow, raven. fig. tale-teller. syn. Iihakabe.
li–wati (ma-) n. written letter. see: katilotilo.
li–wele (ma-) n. knce.
liokamitwele, n. manner of leaving home unexpectedly and without giving
notice. fig. exp: U shwile lio-kamitwele, nobody knows how he died. cf.
iteketelwa.
liolamulola (ma-) n. breast of a girl just beginning to show.
liolo, n. pride, insolence: Ni ka mu zwisa liolo, I shall put an end to his
insolence.
lioma1 (ma-) n. large royal drum. (The maoma which were beaten in the past to
call people to war still play a great part in the life of the Malozi. The
drums are still a rally-ing-symbol on the occasion of the national
kuomboka ceremony and it is on one of them that any new Litunga is
enthroned).
lioma2 (ma-) n. kind of edible aquatic tuberous plant (lotus).
liomba (ma-) n. large fishing net. (from: -omba).
liombe (ma-) n. large local cattle with long twisted horns. fig. tall and
nice looking woman.
liombekalala (ma-) n. imaginary white water-cow fabled to play a part in the
initiation of any new Li-tunga during the night preceding his
enthronement.
liombekelo (ma-) n. place where cassava roots are steeped before being dried
and stamped. syn. liombeko.

liomboko, n. name given to the national ceremony of the coming out of the
nooded plain (This cer-emony is wrongly called today the kuomboka) (from:
-omboka).
liombola-ngombe, n. Luyana. very heavy rainfall compelling people to move
their cattle to the forest at the beginning of the flood scason. Iionandi
(ma-) n. kind of wood-boring insect.
lionda (ma-) n. kind of grass grow-ing near the river
-liongoshola (liongoshozi) v.i. to speak hurriedly and confusedly; to talk
about many things. rel. -liong-osholela (liongosholezi) to ~ in a
particular place: Zamaya u yo liongosholela litaba za hao kusili; go and
tell your stories somewhere else caus. -liongosholisa(liongosho-lisize) to
cause someone to ~ red.
-liongoshola-liongoshola (liougo-shola-liongoshozi) to talk non-sense
lionyaonya, n. wrapping
lionyena (ma-) n. half-dried meat or fish
liowanyi (ma-) n. crested crane, crowned crane (bird).
-lipa (lipile) v.i. to propound a riddle der. malipa.
lipacaca or mapacaca, n. pl. hin-drances due to overwork or diffi-culties
lipai (ma-) n. cotton blanket syn. kapai. cf. ndumba.
lipaipai (ma-) n. wave (water) cf. Iindinda, liputu.
lipako (ma-) n. tall stout person
lipakumuna (ma-) n. kind of imita-tion gun used in witchcraft. syn. kaliloze.
lipalo (or ma-) n. pl. arithmetic, figures. reckoning, account, (from -bala
).
lipantiti (ma-) n. prisoner, convict

lipanga (or ma) n. unploughed areas in a cultivated plot

lipaswa (lino–u-lipaswa) (ma-) n. vulture (Southern White-backed Vulture)
lipazo, n. pl. scarifications. (from: -paza ).
lipeka (ma-) n. a yard or therea-bouts (of cloth) (also: peka (ma-). Iipobwe,
n. great quantity (beer)
lipui (ma-) n. small bird fig. little child
lipuko (ma-) n. nasal mucus
lipulelo (ma-) n. thrashing floor. syn. sihoto.
lipukwenda (ma-) n. loose woman, harlot
lipumulelo (ma-) n. resting-place. fig. mortuary (from -pumula).
lipunga, n. habit of taking things be-longing to others.
lipusi (ma-) n. pumpkin
liputana (ma-) n. rough old skin liputu (ma-) n. wave (water) cf. lin-dinda,
lipaipai.
lipyeha (ma-) n. coward
lisa1 (ma-) n. lake, pool, pond
-lisa2 (lisize) v.t. to herd. der. muli-sana, mulisezo, bulisana. fig. to
watch. to survey Mutu vo. u mu lise hahulu, u ta ku uzweza, watch that
man, he is a thief. rel. -liseza (lise-lize) to herd for, to herd some-
ahere. caus. -lisisa (lisisize) to help to herd int. -liseleza
(liselelize) to herd one another's cattle: Mu sike mwa lisa za lunafela,
mu yo liseleza ni za ba baitwi; do not herd our cattle only, but also
those of others rec. -lisana (lisani or lisa-nile) to surveys to watch
each other. ref. -ltiseza (itiselize) to herd one's own cattle.
lisafa (ma-) n. person showing care-lessness, negligence or inaccuracy in his
words and deeds. cf. busafa.
lisaku (ma-) n. piece of skin or cloth containing powdered medi-cine
lisale (ma-) n. ring, earring
lisapo (ma-) n. bone.
lisapyana (ma-) n. shoulder-blade (scapula)
lisasuka, n. habit of rushing out to any kind of attraction. (from: -sasuka
).
lisawana (ma-) h. slanderer, tale-bearer. (from: -sawana).
liseho1, n. laugh, laughing, laughter (from: -seha).
liseho2 (ma-) n. anything on which pots are put for cooking (lump of earth,
brick, stone, etc ), tri-pood.
liseka (ma-) n. (1) metal bracelet or anklet; (2) small spring (watch, etc. .
.).
-lisela (lisezi) v.t. to leave behind, to abandon, to give up, to stop
holding: Lisela kaze i ta ku –walula. Ieave the cat it will scratch you
syn. -tuhela, -tokolomoha. rel. -lise-lela (liselezi) negligently to leave
behind: U sike wa liselela libyana za hao kwa batu, Ii ka sinyeha; do not
leave your belongings behind with people, or the things will get spoiled
caus. -liselisa (liselisize) to cause to leave behind. ref. -ltiselela
(itiselezi) not to pay attention to something which is hurting you.
liseli (ma-) n. light. fig. knowledge: Na ha ni na liseli hande mwa taba mo,
I have no light on this matter (I am in the dark)
liselo (ma-) n. winnowing basket.
lisenanga, n. ostentatious manner of speaking or calling
lisenge (ma-) n. Eng. us. pl. flat or corrugated iron shect (with or without
zinc coating)
liseteli (bo-) n. warrior cf. Iikuwa-li-seteli.
lishaela, n. manner of calling re peatedly at the top of one's voice
lishai, n. excessive rain: Lico li bu-lailwe ki lishai la pula, crops have
been destroyed by excessive rain
lishala (ma-) n. charcoal.
lishamutula or lishamulula, n. habit of harping back to things. syn. Ii-
shongotola, lishongolola.
lishandu, n. bad habit of offending people by slandering their name.
lishano (ma-) n. lie, falsehood, un-truth, fig: ku bulelisa munx lishano, to
accuse someone of telling lies.
lishasha (ma-) n. reed-mat.
lishashamana, n. the habit of run-ning out to see anything that happens. syn.
Iicimana (from: -sha-shamana ).
lishata, n. sowing unsoaked maize seeds during the rains: Masimu a ka ni a
calanga lishata, I usually sow unsoaked maize in my fields, during the
rainy season.
lishate, n. ground honey. cf. Iinosi. Iishatoka, n. constantly moving about:
Wena u na ni lishatoka hahulu, ha u yemi kulokuliku–wi; you have a funny
way of always flitting from one place to another and never stand in one
spot. fig. untrue excuse.
lishea, n. laughter; scorn, mockery, sarcasm.
lishebo, n. Luyana. hunger, famine. syn. tala.
lisheke, n. sand. der. sisheke. syn. mu-shabati. Iishabati.
lishekesheke (ma-) n. dangerous thief or robber. :
lishekete (ma-) n. grain found in cooked, badly sifted food.
lishela (ma-) n. edible tuberous plant of the water-lily family
lishemaeta, n. provocation, incita-tion to fight; challenge. (from: -
shemaeta).
lishemba, n. a royal dance.

lishemeno (ma-) n. uterus, matrix, placenta. (from: -shema).

lishemutula, n. fecundity (human beings)
lishendauti or lishendoti, n. manner of jeering at or mocking people (from: -
shenda).
lishendo 1 (ma-) n. rebuke, reproof, mocking-blame. (from: -shenda).
lishendo2, n. way in which someone is dismissed, discharged. (from: -shenda
).
lishengo (ma-) n. (1) hole in the river made by a kind of fish called mbufu
when intending to lay eggs; (2) lair or wild beast; (3) place where sƒpelu
dance was held.
lishenja, n. manner of pursuing a wild animal while hunting. (from: -shenja).
lisheshi (ma-) n. large toad
lisheta (ma-) n. fatty edible part of a bone-head (at a joint).
lishewa (ma-) n. kind of bird (Black Whydah). fig. someone who is always
laughing a great deal
lishewelele (ma-) n. kind of bird (babbler)
lishimbululelo (ma-) n. place to where cattle are moved in order to fertilize
the soil with manure.
lishi–a (ma-) n. waterless glade.
lishino (ma-) n. large fishing basket (used mainly by Mambunda women) syn.
sishuiso. cf. Iukunda.
lishitanguti (ma-) n. proverb, old saying, adage, (from: -tanguta).
lishiushiu, n. (1) sudden heavy rain; (2) unexpected serious iliness U wezwi
ki lishiushiu la butuku, he has become very ill suddenly.
lisho (ma-) n. arrow fig. switt runner: Nja ya ka ki lisho kwa ku mata, my
dog is as swift as an arrow.
lishokomoki (bo ) n. someone ap pearing unexpectedly (from: -sho-komoka).
lisholi (ma-) n. (1) thief; (2) greedy person: Mutu yo ki lisholi, ha lati ku
ca ni ba ba–wi: this person is greedy and does not like to eat with others
lishoma, n. custom according to which the royal drums are beaten as a curfew,
before dawn, and for the dance called lishoma.
lishongolola or lishongotola, n. habit of harping back to things syn. Ii-
shamulula.
lishowelela, n. royal greetings which immediately follow the kuomboka
ceremony.
lishubu, n. disrespect, dishonour (from: -shubula ).
lishuke, n. ardent desire (from: -shukela).
lishumi (ma-) n. ten.
lishwana (ma-) n. spoon
lishwau, n. rudeness, contempt, dis-respect, scorn syn. kashwau. (from: -
shwaula).
lisie or lisiye (bo masiye) n. orphan; ndu ya lisiye, hut left by a deceased
person. syn. ndiyala.
lisifa (ma-) n. dregs, left-overs
lisika (ma-) n. family, clan. (sce: lusika).
lisikita (ma-) n. eagle-owl. fig. ugly person
lisila1 (ma-) n. dirt, dirtiness, stain, filth
lisila1 (ma-) n. cloth.
lisila-sila, n. bad familiarity
lisilelo (ma-) n. ford, ferry (the place)
lisilinga, n. manner of being too in-timate or familiar with a person. (fro
m: -silinga ).
lisima (ma-) n. Iarge pit, well.
lisina (ma-) n. trunk of a tree. fig. head of a family

lisinasina, n. manner of touching fruits in order to see if they are ripe

lisinde (ma-) n. grass stalk.
lisinga (ma-) n. Luyana. proposal of marriage. syn. Iibato.
lisino, n. habit of refusing to be sent somewhere. fig. (said of) a pot slow
in boiling: Piza ye kwa lisino! what a long time it takes this pot to
boil!
lisisi (ma-) n. feeling of heaviness in the region of the heart: Ni utwa
lisisi kwa pilu, I have a feeling of heaviness in the region of the heart
lisita (ma-) n. (1) heap of grass or wood cuttings in a cultivated garden;
(2) heap of fish after a good catch cf. Iibunda.
lisitelo (ma-) n. place where women pound grain.
lisito (ma-) n. heel anat.
liso (ma-) n. hearth, fire-place
lisofu (ma-) n. femur; humerus Iisokolola, n. heart burn
lisole (ma-) n. Sotho. soldier cf. mu-pokola.
lisomo, n. mockery, derision, sar-casm, scorn (see: sisomo).
lisoto (ma-) n. ear of corn (fresh) cfi muku–u.
lisu (ma-) n. dry cow's dung some-timeS used as fuel. fig. lazy person. syn.
sisu.
lisuba (ma-) n. hole.
lisuhana (ma-) n. nice heifer; strong and wonderfully built heifer
lisulo, n. hunt ordered by the Li-tunga. in the past, and involving a great
number of participants.
lisunda-sunda, n. impolite manner of forcing one's way into a crowd (from -
sunda ).
lisundumana, n. manner of standing irreverently or without respect in a
forbidden place or in a crowd.

lisundunda, n. pumpkin cooked with some meal.

lisupi (ma-) n. deserted place. ruin; place of origin: Cwale se ni kuta kwa
lisupi la ka, now I am going back to my old home
Lisutu, n. Lesotho.
lisuzo (ma-) n. animal fat
liswafu (ma-) n. lung
liswala-swala, n. the act of doing many last-minute tasks and thus delaying
others by one's excessive preparations; habit of touching and handling
things continually. syn. Iilemalema, limangamanga.
liswayo (ma-) n. marks seal, sign. (from: -swaya).
liswele (ma-) n. moth.
lisweu, n. tall European, light-skinned person, a beautiful woman.
-lita (litile) v.t. to frighten birds away from a garden. der. muliti,
buliti, silitiso. rel. -litela (litezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -litisa
(litisize to help someone to ~. freq. -li-tanga to ~ very often. red. -
lita-lita (lita-l*ile) to ~ for a short while: Mu yo lita-lita, mu kute
kapili; go and frighten the birds and then come back quickly.
litaba, n. pl. see: taba.
litabula or matabula, n. the rainy scason.
litafule or litapule (ma-) n. potato.
litahali (ma-) n. field, garden regu-larly cultivated and easy to plough. cf.
tite.
litahalitata or litahatata (ma-) n. state of being very hard to con-vince;
stubbornness, obstinacy.
litahwa (ma-) n. Sotho. drunkard. (also: litakwa).
litaka (ma-) n. reed, stalk.
litakalala, n. stubbornness, obsti-nacy; disobedience; inclination to push
one's nose into the affairs of others.
litakelˆ or sitakela (ma-) n. kind of bird (Lilac-breastod Roller and
Racquet-tailed Roller).
litalalwa (ma-) n. kind of plant the from a tree.
litalalwa (ma-) n. kind of plant to bulb of which is often used as a medicine
for babies.
litali (ma-) n. Ieaf. fig. a slim person.
litalo (ma-) n. skin: hide; leather; litalo lafahalimu, epidermis.
litambwa, n. ostentation in speak-ing. syn. Iitasamhwa.
litanga (ma-) n. childrenŽs disease throwing into convulsions and be-lieved
to be caused by people who used a special medicine to protect their own
children against it.
litangu (ma-) n. fable, tale: Mwa ma-tangu a Silozi kufumaneha ze butali,
there is wisdom in the Silozi folk-lore. (from:-tanguta).
litanya (ma-) n. mentally ill person; criminal fig. clever person: Ya betile
sipula se ki litanva kwa bukwala. the man who madŽ this chair is really
skilled. (from: -tanya).
litapa1 (ma-) n. insult. abuse, very offensive language. (from: -tapula ).
litapa2 (ma-) n. a slate (for writing on).
litapelo (ma-) n. (1) bathing place, bathroom; (2) place where cattle cross a
river.
litapule or litafule (ma-) n. potato.
litasambwa, n. ostentation in speak-ing. syn. Iitambwa. (from: -ta-sambwa ).
litasanga, n. see: litasambwa.
litata (ma-) n. kaross.
litaula, n. pl. divining bones, figu-rines, objects. (from: -laula).
liteka (ma-) n. hip, waist.

-litela1 (litezi) v.t. to wait for. syn. -yemela.

-litela2 (litezi) v.t. to smoothe; to scrape or to gloss a pot when mouiding
it; to put the finishing touch to a hand-made work: Batu ba ba–wi ki
likwala, ba ziba ku litela miseme hande; some people are very clever in
putting the finishing touches to their mats. der. muliteli, siliteliso.
rel. -litelela (litelezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -litelisa (liteli-size)
to help someone to ~. int. -li-telelela (litelelezi) to ~ perfectly: Piza
i na ni ku litelelelwa hande i sika ciswa kale, a pot must be per-fectly
glossed before it is fired. ref. -ltitelela (ititelezi) to ~ for oneself:
Ki na ya ititelezi miseme ya ka kau-fela, I personally put the finishing
touches to all my mats.
litema (ma-) n. cassava garden in the forest. fig. exp: ku siya mutu mwa hanu
ki mwa litema, to leave an opponent disconcerted after quashing all his
arguments. (lit: to leave someone with a mouth like a cassava garden in
the forest ... where all trees have been cut down !).
litemutemu (ma-) n. plant growing faster than others. (also applied to
neople).
litengenya (ma-) n. kind of long grass mainly used for building en-closures.
litengo1 (ma-) n. circle; people sit-ting in a circle; halo around the moon.
litengo2 (ma-) n. long jump. steps.
litiba (ma-) n. spot, speck, blot, stain.
litiela (ma-) n. grass growing in the flooded plain.
litimbu (ma-) n. evil look. (from: -timbula ).
litina (ma-) n. small hole prepared for maize seed when sowing. syn. Iifuti.
litindi (ma-) n. thick layer of grass on water. cf. Iuyuya.
litingatinga, n. searching; looking for a wife; looking for recruits or
workers: Nakoye ha ku sa na liting-atingu la ku bata ba sipalo, the prac-
tice of recruiting workers for mi-gratory labour has been stopped.
litisa (ma-) n. young girl starting to show breast.
litiya (ma-) n. ground worm (be-lieved to announce death).
litoci (ma-) n. vulva. syn. nyo.
litohonolo (ma-) n. good luck, good fortune, good omen, blessing. syn.
tohonolo. cf. mbuyoti.
litokota, n. rumbling sound made by women clapping hands on oc-casion of
special dances.
litole (ma-) n. kind of fish exclus-ively eaten by adults. fig. lazy person.
syn. Iiwetete.
litololwa (ma-) n. kind of bird (Bronze-winged Courser).
litomapa, n. a cold. syn. Ilbelenge, mufikela.
litongo (ma-) n. sandy, unfertile land.
Litooma, n. the city of Nyambe, (Heaven). syn. Iyala.
litota (ma-) n. ruin, desened house. deserted village.
litu (ma-) n. portion of the back of a slaughtered cow.
litubili (ma-) n. stirrup.
lituhela (ma-) n. sprout (of a plant). Iituka (ma-) n. bran.
litukuka, n. uncontrollable desire.
lituli (ma-) n. a wattle and daub gra-nary for kaffir corn, etc . . . cf. si-
shete.
litulwatulwa (ma-) n. kind of bird (Yellow-throated long-claw).
lituma (ma-) n. wound on the head. Ihumba (ma-) n. large fishing basket or
bow net.
litumbekela (ma-) n. a burn made on the arm by people. in olden days to
avoid going to hell (There was a belief that only people with such a sign
or mark could go to heaven).
litumbutumbu (ma-) n. a big fire lighted outside the yard (very common in
the cold season). syn. liyonga.
litundwe (ma-) n. shrew-mouse.
Litunga (ma-) N. the title of the Western Province Paramount Chief. Luyana
saying: Litunga minya-mupu-na-ngombe; Litunga, the owner of land and
cattle. Li- tunga la Mboela, Chieftainess of the South (Mulena Mukwae of
Nalolo.)
litungatunga-la-wato, n. kind of game played by girls imitating a canoe
swaying on water.
litupe, n. fear. syn. sabo.
litusi (ma-) n. prow or stern.
lituta (ma-) n. natural shelter of grass.
litutwa (ma-) n. blister. syn. lizwa-bali.
litutwe (ma-) n. water-buck.
lituu, n. pl. seeds of a leguminous plant very similar to beans.
lituwa (ma-) n. large fishing net. fig. whore, prostitute (sometimes ap-plied
to a dissolute man). syn. ka-nyandi.
lituwaela, n. crying, wailing, (from: -tuwa ).
litwa, n. snow.
litwela (ma-) n. spy. (from: -twela).
litwitwi (ma-) n. mist, haze, dust raised by wind.
liubu, n. lack of sociability. v.i. to get accustomed to. syn. twaela.
-liuka2 (liukile) v.t. to choke, to stifle: Mwanana u liukilwe ki kasapo ka
ngweshi, the child was choked by a bone of a tigerfish.
-liuluka (liulukile) v.i. to be de-livered or released from: Sa liulu-kile ka
tuna, u ire ka bahabo; she left us and went back to her home
liulula (liuluzi) v.t. (1) to redeem, to deliver, to release. der. muliululi,
muliu. (2) to take back something that had been entrusted to some-one:
Nyambe a sa shwaSela, bate ba yo liulula likomu za bona ze ne ire mafsa;
people went to take back the cattle they had put in Nyambe's custody as
soon as he died ref. -ltiulula (itiuluzi) to re-lease oneself: Ha si tuna
lo mu handle, u itEuluzi i hyena; he went of his own accord, though we had
not neglected him.
liululu, n. Ioneliness, nostalgia. syn. ndiulu.
liulungu (ma-) n. kind of fish. Luyana saying: Lialungu ka li liwa mukati,
the fish named liulungu is not eaten by a woman.
liuluta, n. manner of moving about (as people do on the occasion of an
important gathering); agitation to follow people blindly or without
knowledge (from: -uluta). cf. nyewa-ngewa.
liumambulu (ma-) n. kind of black and red ant which secrets ling-ongwe1 (see:
lingongwe).
liunde, n. col. n. kind of red insects.
liundu, n. col. n. dry fish worms.
liundumune' n. cloudy sky causing a drop in temperature: Kacenu ki
lEundumume, pula i shwezi kwaha-limu; today it is cloudy and cool. and no
rain is expected.
liunga (ma-) n. group of people, company.
liunga-muwilu, n. Luyana. thun-dering sound in the sky (aero plane, rain, etc
. ) (from: Conga).
liungu (ma-) n. kind of caterpillar.
liutwana (ma-) n. forked pole.
liuwa (ma-) n. barren plain- Luyana exp: Liuwa la mbulwa katondo, a plain
without trees.
liuya, n. great sorrow resulting from the death of a member of a family: U
bulailwe ki liuya la mwan'a Rae, he died of a broken heart after the death
of his child.
liuyi (ma-) n. spider.
liuza (ma-) n. single grain of millet (often used with a collective meaning):
Unumwaha ha si Pizza kwa bu–ata! what a lot of millet there has been this
year! (see: mauza).
likwakushu (ma-) n. dried leaves of maize cobs after harvest. syn. liwa- wai.
liwala or liwalanda (ma-) n. rent in a fishing net, in a blanket or cloth-
ing.
liwale, n. royal dance performed by women.
liwanguwangu (ma-) n. outcast, vagabond who is fond of fighting. syn.
sicakacaka, siyakayaka.
Liwanika' sce Lewanika.
liwatata (ma-) n. sca, ocean.
liwawa (ma-) n. a method of sewing used in repairing karosses or boats,
canoes, etc...
liwawai or liwawayi (ma-) n. dried leaves of maize cobs after harvest syn.
Iiwakushu.
liwayelela, n. manner of guessing things (from:-waya).
liwayisa, n. special occasion when a great crowd of people fish to-gether,
using the barbed fishing spears (see: sitindi).
liwelauka, n. boiling water which is spilling over. (from: -welauka).
liweluwelu (ma-) n. spring (where the water wells up from the earth).

liwenge (ma-) n. chain: ka tama ka liwenge, to fetter. fig. strong person

liwetete (ma-) n. kind of fish eaten exclusively by adults. fig. lazy person
syn. Iitole.
liweya-weya, n. habit of being late when starting a journey. syn. Iifun-duko,
lifuwa-fuwa, limbwenga-mb-wenga.
liya (ma-) n. pelican (Eastern White Pelican). fig. forlorn person.
liyaci or liaci, n. soft hair, fluffy hair.
liyahiso, n. pl. building material.
liyala (ma-) n. an illness associated with superstitious beliefs.
-liya-liya (liya-liile) v.i. to be often dilatory; to be slow in starting
syn. -fuwa-fuwa (also: -fua-fua). caus. -liya-liyisa (liya-liisize) to
cause someone to be late.
liyamena (liyamezi) v.i. to hold the head back (when drinking, etc. . .).
liyamenwa (ma-) n. child born at his mother's death; orphan who has lost his
mother. cf. ndiyala.
liyangayanga (ma-) n. kind of lily. liyayata, n. chattering, prattling
liyayu (ma-) n. scale of fish or snake, cf. Iikakalapa. (see mayayu).
liyeka, n. habit of divorcing fre-quentlv
-liyeha (liyehile) vi. to be late. der. muliyehi, buliyehi' tiyeXo. rel. -
liye-hela (liyehezi) to show down pur-posely: Mu liyehela–i? why are you
late? caus. Iiyehisa (liyehisize) to cause to be late req. -liyehanga to
be habitually late. red. Iiyeha-liyeha (liyeha-liyehile) to be in-clined
to be late. ref. -itiyehisa (itiyehisize) to cause onself to be late Mu
sike mwa itiyehisa, hakuna se ni ka mafia, mu zamayefela, do not delay
yourself, I am not going to give you anything, so go away please.
liyeku yeku (ma-) n. big fire, fur-nace. (from: -yekuma). cf. lyinga-lilo
liyembe (ma-) n. piece of bark taken from a tree with the inten-tion of using
it to make medicines.
liyenanga, n. manner of speaking like a spoiled child very conscious of his
dignity. (from: -yenanga).
liyepandu (ma-) n. thief, house breaker, kleptomaniac. syn. lileng-wami.
liyewa-yewa, n. excitement of people on important occasions.
liyonga (ma-) n. large fire lit outside house yards or in gardens to de-stroy
sweepings, rubbish or grass;
liyonga le li sa timi, furnace (lit: a large fire which burns continu-ally).
fig. hell, hell-fire. syn. lyang-alilo.
liyongo (ma-) n. granary for ears of maize, corn, etc . . . syn. sishete.
-liyongobela (liyongobezi) v.i. to stay a long time away from home. syn. -
cona. cf. -ondoka caus. -
liyongobelisa (liyongobelisize) to cause to: U liyongobelisizwe ki ka saba
bahabo, it is his fear of his re-latives that caused him to stay away a
long time from home.
liyowana, n. swimming: Banana ba lata hahulu liyowana ka nako ya munda,
children are very fond of swimming during the floods (from: -yowana).
liyowanelo (ma-) n. place where people swim(from: yowana).
liyuku (ma-) n. scolding, jawing, slanging, blowing up. (from: -yukuka).
liyulo (ma-) n. place where earthen ware is fired (kiln).
liyumbelo (ma-) n. grave. syn. libita, mayumbelo, cemetery. (from: yumba).
liyumbo (ma-) n. riddle, riddle--game. see: mayumba.
liyumbu (ma-) n. foods given in wel-come to a visitor. (from: -yum-bula).
liyungu1, n. (1) painful feeling fol-lowing poisoning: Ni utwa liyungu kwa
pilu, I have a severe pain and feel that I have been poisoned: (2) poison:
Ku tata ku taza liyungu, it is difficult to vomit poison.
liyungu2, n. Luyana, veldt, wilder-ness. cf. nahe–i.
liyunyi-mungomba (ma-) n. a fabled giant bird believed to swallow all in its
path. fig. a very strong man.
liyuwita n. manner of moving about, agitation.
liywala (ma-) n. oil made out of mu-nvelenyele fruit.
-liza (lizize) v.t. to ring (a bell, etc. . .), to play on a stringed instru-
ment, to beat a drum. der. mulizi, bulizi, mulizezo, siliziso. rel. -
lizeza (lizelize) to ~ for someone. caus. -lizisa (lizisize) to help in
ringing, playing instruments, beating drums, etc ... freq. -lizanga to
 have the habit of ~ red. -lizaliza (liza-lizize) to beat drums for a short
while. ref. itizeza, itizelize) to play, to beat drums for one's own
pleasure.
lizangunda (ma-) n. stupid woman lnclined to prostitution.
lizazi (ma-) n. (1) sun; (2) day, date: ya lizazi lelinwi ni lelinwi, daily
adj ya lizazi li lilinwi, ephemeral; ka zazi ni zazi, daily adv; ka lizazi
la kuli, on such date, etc . ..
lizeme (ma-) n. a tall child growing quickly. cf. lobolobo.
lizibelo (ma-) n. distinguishing mark or sign.
lizibulo, n. (wa-lizibulo) first-born (men or animals).
lizoho (ma-) n. hand, arm; fore-leg of an animal. fig. exp: lizoho la mutu,
one's relief or replacement one's heir, one's second in com-mand: ku
zamaya mazoho-zohofela, to walk empty handed.
lizompo (ma-) n. long jump. (from: -zompoka ).
lizuku (ma-) n. ochre-red soil.
lizulu (ma-) n. large mound (made by white ants over the ages).
lizupa (ma-) n. clay, potter's clay, argile.
lizwabali (ma-) n. blister (hand). syn. Iitutwa.
lizwabo or luzwabo (ma-) n. meat adhering to a hide. fig. exp: Ba ni f le
mazwabofela, they overlooked me.
lizwai (ma-) n. sca-salt: lizwai la njee, spring-salt, rock-salt. cf. mukele.
sny mungwa. njee.
lizwalo (ma-) n. conscience, guilty conscience, remorse: ya na ni liz-walo,
patient person, obedient person, merciful person.
lizwele (ma-) n. (1) breast, udder, teat of an animal (2) rubber teat of a
feeding bottle; (3) pectoral fin (fish).
lizwii (ma-) n. lechwe {–omba ya lizwii, male lechwe; nanda ya lizwii. female
lechwe).
lo, (1) dem. pron. (class lu-ma) first degree, this: Lunaka lo, lu zwa kai?
where does this tusk come from? (2) rel. pron. subj. & obj- which: lumao
lo lu latehile, the needle which is lost, luseme lo ni lekile the long mat
which I bought, (thŽ long mat that I bought.)
-loba (lobile) v.t. to break: ku loba mulao, to break the law. der. mulobi
syn.: -cola. rel. -lobela (lobezi) to break something for a person: Lobela
munyan'a hao kwa mbonyi, break your cob of maize and give a piece to your
younger brother. caus. -lobisa (lobisize) to help to break: Ki mani ya ka
to ni lobisa kota ye? who will help me break this piece of fire-wood?
stat. -lobeha (lobehile) to get broken: Mu sike mwa nga poto yeo, i
lobehile /ihutu; do not take this pot, for one leg is broken. int. -
lobelela (lobe-lezi) to break thoroughly. freq. -lobaka (lobakike) to
break into pieces. (red. -lobaka-lobaka (lobaka-lobakile) to be always
breaking things into pieces. fig. to speak a language imperfectly: Mutu yo
u sa lobaka-lobakafela puo ha sika i ziba hande; this man is still
speaking the language haltingly, he certainly does not know it well. ref.
-itobela (itobezi) to break for oneself a part of a whole (speaking of
many), to break in order to share.
-lobahanya (lobahnyize) v.t. to break into pieces.
-lobalela (lobalezi) to sleep somewhere: Mu to lobalela kwanu, come and sleep
here, to watch over a child or sick person through the night: Ki na ya
lobalezi muku/i kacenu, it was I who watched over that sick person through
the night. caus. a) -lobalisa (lobalisize) to cause to sleep: Ki mulyani o
mu lobalisize cwalo. he is sleeping like this because of some medicine b)
-lobaza (lobalize) to put to sleep Ni yo lobaza mbututu, l am going to put
the baby to sleep fig, to kill: Ki kale a m lobaza fafasi ka ndongwa,
he has just killed him with a short spear. freq. -lobalanga to be always
falling asleep somewhere: Mutu vo u loba- langafela, this man is forever
suddenly dozing off: Ki sipulumuki u lobalanga fa fumana kaufela, that man
 is insane and sleeps any- where. red. -lobala-lobala (lobala- lobezi) to
have a light, short sleep, to be inclined to doze on and off all the time.
ref. -ltobalela (itoba- lezi) to go to bed.
-lobela (lobezi) v.t. to plunder, to spoil, to deprive. der. mulobeli, bu-
lobeli, malobela. rel. -lobelela (lobe- lezi) to deprive someone: Mu sike
mwa lobelela mwanana buhobe bwa hae, do not deprive the little one of his
portion of buhobe freq, -lobe- Ianga to be inclined to deprive others.
red. -lobela-lobela (lobela- of many), to break in order to lobezi) to
deprive again and again. share. ref. -ltobelela (itobelezi) to take -
lobahanya (lobahanyize) v.t. to one's share of spoils. break into pieces.
-lobola (lobozi) v.t. to pay a dowry (bridegroom) der. muloboli, malo-
asleep, to sleep, to lie on the bolo syn. -onda. rel. -lobolela (lobo-
lezi) to pay a dowry for someone: Ki na ya mu lobolezi musal'a hae. I paid
the dowry for him. caus. -lo- bolisa (lobolisize) to fix the amount of a
dowry: Ku lobolisa mwana mali a manata, kilu mu lekisa; ku maswe, it is
bad to require too great a dowry for one's child, for that is almost like
selling her, fieq. -bbo langa to pay a dowry in a certain way: Batu ba
mishobo yeminwi ha ba lobolangi, ba nyala fela; ba litoho- nolo, people of
some other tribes (and/or races) do not pay any kind of dowry, they just
marry as they want; they are lucky. ref. -itobolela (itobolezi) to pay a
dowry for one- self.
lobolobo, col. n. young reeds. fig. tall child growing quickly cf. lizeme.
cf.
lofa (ma-) n. Eng. Ioafer.
-loheza (lohelize) v.t. to put drops in eyes or ears, (or to feed with a
spoon): ku loheza mukuli mufukulo: to give light food with a spoon to a
sick person rel. -loheleza (lohele- lize) to assist in giving drops to a
person caus. -lohezisa (lohezisize) to help to give drops rec. -lohe- zana
(lohezani) to put drops in one another's eyes or ears. freq. -lohe- zanga
to have the habit of giving drops red. -loheza-loheza (loheza- lohelize)
to give drops again and again ref. -itoheza (itohelize) to put drops in
one's own eyes or ears ,
-loka (lokile) v.t. to praise, to sing the praises of. der. muloki, maloko,
mulokelo. rel. -lokela (lokezi) to praise someone, or sing his praises: Ku
lokela Mulena maloko a mu bubanisa, ki kokunde; it is a good thing to sing
praises to the Litunga, showing his fame: Ki mani ya ka ni lokela libizo
la komu ya ka, na ha ni li zibi? who will sing the praises of my cow's
name, tbr I am unable? caus. -lokisa (lokisize) to cause topraise freq. -
lokangato have the habit of singing praises red. -loka-loka (loka-lokile)
to sing short praises. ref. -ltoka ( itokile) to praise oneself.
-lokoloza (lokololize) v.t. to speak incessantly rel. -lokolozela(lokolo-
zelize) to go and speak incessantly somewhere else caus. -lokolozisa
(lokolozisize) to make someone speak endlessly.
-lokota1 (lokotile) v.i. to speak an- grily for a very long time syn. -
omana. rel. -bkotela (lokotezi) to scold someone for a definite reason
caus. -lokotisa (lokotisize) to scold someone. rec. -lokotisana
(lokotisani or lokotisanile) to speak angrily to one another. freq. -
lokotisanga to have the habit of scolding Wena u lokotisanga fela batu mo
ku sina bufosi; you are scolding people all the time with- out a reason.
red. -lokota-lokota (lokota-lokotike) to be inclined to scold ref. -
itokotela (itokotezi) or- itokotisa (itokotisize) to scold each other
angrily: Basali bani ba itoko- tisa, ba bata ku lwana; those women over
there are scolding each other very angrily, and soon they will come to
blows
-lokota2 (lokotile) v.t. to break a paddle. cf. -bba, rel. -lokotela (lo-
kotezi) to break someone's paddle: Ne ni mu kalimile silabo sa ka; ki kale
 a yo ni lokotela sona, I lent him my paddle and he has al- ready broken
it.caus. -lokotisa(lo- kotisize) to cause to break.
-lokoza (bkolize) v.t. to suck greed- ily from udder (calf). der. mulo- kozo,
mulokozwani, ndokozwani, cf. -anya. lokozwani, col. n. small red warrior-
ants (feared by the ordinary big warrior-ants)
-lola (lolile) v.t. to dream idiom. exp. Kana ndombe i ka lola mayayu? can a
barble fish dream of having scales? der. muloli, tolo, malolo. fig. to
speak nonsense. rel. -lolela (lolezi) to dream of things happening to
another person: Kacenu wena ni ku lolezi bumaswe, I dreamed bad things
about you today caus. -blisa (lolisize) to cause to dream: BusEhu bwa
maliha bu lolisa hahulu batu, winter nights cause people to dream a lot.
freq.- lolanga to dream habitually: Bati, wena u lolanga litolo zende! you
are always having pleasant dreams indeed! red. -lola-lola (lola-lolile)
to dream frequently.
-lolekal (lolekile) v.t. to make smooth by scraping (wood-work): Mukeke u
bandauzwifela ha u sika lolekwa hande. the wooden plate has just been
chipped out roughlyb and has not yet been finally scraped der. silolekiso.
kalole cf. -litela. fig. to coax, to wheedle, to tlatter rel. -lolekela
(lolekezi) to smooth, to scrape for someone. caus. -lolekisa (lolekisize)
to help to scrape
-loleka (lolekile) v.i. to begin to blossom (pumpkins, marrows, etc. ) syn. -
tubula.
loli or luloli (ma-) n. string.
loliso, n. hospitality, generosity, lib-erality Bo ma ba na ni loliso ku luna
kaufela, our mother is good and generous to us all
lolomoka (lolomokile) v.i. to get dis-solved, or be turned into mud. (clay)
syn. -momotoka. fig. to weep without reason rel. -lolomokela (lolomokezi)
to be partly dis-solved, with the liquid mud trick-ling down: Sitina sa
nayahisize ndu ya hac si lolon10kezi fafasi bakenisa pula, the bricks,
with which he built his house, crumbled to the ground because of the rain
cuas. -lolomokisa (lolomokisize) to dis-Solve~ int. -lolomokelela
(lolomoke-lezi) to become entirely dissolved to be entirely turned to mud.
-lolomona (lolomozi) v.t. to dissolve. (rain)
-lomba (lombile) v.t. (1) to dye. (2) to stain. to dirt with mud. der. si-
1ombos silombiso. rel. -lombela (lombezi) to dye for someone: Mu Yo ni
lombela mashandi a ka kwa si-lombo sa mina, please dye my strings in your
dyeing place. caus. -1ombisa (lombisize) to help to dye stat. -lombeha
(lombehile) to become dyed: Ni itumezi mashandi a ka a lombehile hande
haXulu, thank you, my strings are very nicely dyed indeed rec. -lombana
(lombani) to soil each other in mud ref. -ltomba (itombile) to dirty
oneself in mud: Likulube li itombile mwa sileze, the pigs have dirtied
themselves in the mud
lombola' n. cassava ready to be dried and stamped after having been steeped
in water
lombola2 n. a type of grass normally covered by water (much liked by cattle)
-lombota (lombotile) v.t. Luyana. to imitate, to render evil for evil. der.
silomboti. syn. -likanyisa. Ku lom-bota kwa litou ku zibahala kai ni kai.
the tendency of elephants to take revenge is known everywhere caus. -
lombotisa (lombotisize) to cause to imitate rec. -lombotana (lombotani) to
imitate one an-other freq. -bmbotanga to have the habit of imitating.
-lombwala (lombwalile) v.i. to be startled by bad news syn. -temb-wala fig.
to get wet caus. -lombwa-lisa (lombwalisize) to startle
lombweka (lombwekile) v.t. to apply much ointment or grease to a person or
vehicle etc Mu sike mwa lombweka mwanana magula a manata, do not put too
much va-seline on the child Mu lombwekile hahulu mafula a manata mwa
lihutu la koloi, you put too much grease in the wheel-hub of the scotch-
cart. cf. -toza, -lamba. rel. -lombwe-kela (lombwekezi) to apply oint-ment
 (etc.) for someone. caus. -lombwekisa (lombwekisize) to cause to apply
ointment (etc.) ref. -ltombweka (itombwekile) to put ointment on oneself.

-lomoka (lomokile) v.i. to wonder at, to gape. cf. -komoka. rel. -lomo-kela
(lomokezi) to wonder at U sike wa lomokela muzumi ka ma-kande a kubu ya
bulaile ka mazoho! do not show such credulity at the hunter's story, when
he says that he killed a hippo with his hands! caus. -lomokisa
(lomokisize) to cause to gape at freq. -lomokanga to be inclined to wonder
at: Wena u lomokangafela: you. you swallow any story!
lona, emph. pron. sing. (class li-ma or lu-ma).
-londa1 (londile) v.i. to be watery (cooked food). fig. to be without
strength. caus. -londisa (londisize) to cook food with too much water.
-londa2 (londile) v.i. to be slow, to lag; to be apathetic, listless caus. -
bndisa (londisize) to cause to be slow (etc): Na kula, ki ha londile
cwana; he was ill that is the reason for his listlessness
-londata (londatile) or-londota (lon-dotile) v.t. to track der. mulondoti.
rel. -londatela (londatezi) to track an animal for someone. caus. -lon-
datisa (londatisize) to help to follow an animal on the track Ki mani ya
ka yo ni londatisa folofolo ya ka? who will help me track the animal that
I wounded?
-londoka (londokile) v.i. to follow a track: ku londoka mwa murala wafo-
lofolo, to be on the track of an animal fig. to give a clever or logi-cal
statement in a court case rel. -londokela (londokezi) to follow a certain
direction: Mutu yo u londo-kezi kai? where is that person going?
-londoloza (londololize or londolo-zize) v.t. (1) to speak lengthily. (2)
bring up old matters during a quarrel (3) to straighten out mat ters syn.
-shamulula, -shamutula, -longoboshola. caus. -londolozisa (londolozisize)
(1) to cause some-one to speak lengthily Se ne si mu londolozisa cwalo
kini? what is it that made him speak at such great length? (2) to cause to
bring up old matters in a quarrel freq. -londolozanga to be inclined to
(etc) Ku londolozanga litaba za kale ku maswe, it is bad to harp back to
old matters during an argument.
-longa1 (longile) v.t. to load, to freight der. mulongi, mulongo, mu-longelo.
fig. to listen to. sp. exp. ku longa mutu litaba mwa lizebe, to speak to a
person with the deliber-ate intention of either being over-heard by a
third person, or not. rel. -longela (longezi) to ladle, to load for
someone: ku longela bupi mwa sihwana, to ladle mealie-meal into a
calabash: Longela 6anana libyana za bona mwa mukolo, load the chil-dren's
effects into the canoe. caus. -longisa (longisize) to help or order to
load. int. -longelela (longelezi) to load completely rec. -longisana
(longisani or longisanile) to help each other in loading inv. -longola
(longozi) to unload (see -longola) freq. -longanga to have the habit of
loading red. -longa-longa (longa-longile) to load a few things quickly
ref. a) -itongela (itongezi) to load for oneself b) -itongeta (itongetite)
to rush into a vehicle
longa2 (ma-) n. pitfall for animalss with spears fixed in the ground.
-longana (longani or longanile) v.i. to embark. to get into a car, to board a
train or a plane der. si-longani or silonganu. cf. -kwela. rel. -longanela
(longanezi) to embark at, etc.: Luna lu longanezifa Ma-tongo, we embarked
at Matongo. caus. -longanisa (longanisize) to cause to embark: Se si ku
longani-size mwa sitimela u sina mali ki sika mani? why did you board the
train without money? int. -longanelela ( longanelezi ) also -longanelelela
(longanelelezi) to embark, leaving for good; to embark (speaking of all
passengers intending to go) freq. -longananga to have the habit of
embarking, etc.: Mu sike mwa no longananga fela mwa sitima, mu sina mali;
stop your habit of get-ting into trains without any fare inv. -longoka
(longokile) to disem-bark, to get out of a car or off a train (see -
 longoka ) red. -longana-longana (longana-longani or -lon-gana-longanile)
to embark (speak-ing of many people on the point of going) ref. -itongeta
(itongetite or itongetile) to enter (mostly speak-ing of a big snake or of
many people) Mbumbe ki kale i itongeta mwa ndu ya ka, a large cobra has
just gone into my house; Mu sike mwa itongeta kaufela mina mwa kakolo
kakanyinyani mu ka lwela; do not all of you get into the small canoe, it
will capsize.
longo (maongo) n. hut (original type of Malozi hut)
-longoboshola (longobosbozi) v.t. to speak lengthily referring to many th
ings syn. -londoloza, -shamulula. rel. -longoboshela (longoboshezi) to
speak lengthily somewhere: Zamaya, u yo longoboshela koo makama a hao! go,
tell your tales somewhere else caus. -longobosho-lisa (longobosholisize)
to cause to speak lengthily. int. -longobosho-lela (longobosholezi) also-
longobo-sholelela (longobosholelezi) to pour forth everything on one's
mind. red . -1ongoboshola-longoboshola (longoboshola-bngoboshozi) to
say many things without much re- flection
longoka (longokile) v.i. to disem- bark, to get out of a car, a plane~ a
train cf. -tuluka. fig. exp. ku long- oka pilu, to be weak-headed rel. -
longokela (longokezi) to disembark somewhere, etc. caus. -longokisa
(longokisize) to cause or assist to disembark, etc int. -longokelela
(longokelezi) to get out for good freq. -longokanga to get in and out of a
vehicle, etc. inv. -longana (longani) to embark
-longola (longozi) v.t. to unload. rel.
-longolela (longolezi) to unload for someone caus. -longolisa (longoli-size)
to help, to order to unload; to supervise off-loading. int. -longole- lela
(longolelezi) to unload com- pletely. freq. -longolanga to be use to
unloading. inv. -longa (longile) to load. red. -longola-longola longola-
longozi) to unload a few things quickly ref. -ltongola (ito- ngozi) to
deliberately leave a canoe or a vehicle: Ki mulatu wa hae, ki yena ya
itongozi mwa mukolo, it is his responsibility, for he decided to leave the
canoe on his own.
-longola2 (longozi) v.t. to show one's dissatisfaction by strong words. der.
Iilongo. syn. -ketula. rel. -long- olela (longolezi) to reproach some- one
strongly: U. ni longolezi maswe, he strongly reproached me
about t many things. caus. -longolisa (lo- n ngolisize) to
cause the reproach of another. freq. -longolanga to be always reproaching
others
longola3 (maongola) n. spine.
longolo (maongolo) n. chameleon. tig. someone changing his mind frequently.
syn. naluntambwe.
longomoka (longomokile) v.i. to come out of a hole (snake) syn. topotoka.
fig. to come out in great numbers (people): Nifumani batu se ba longomoka
mwa Kuta. I ar-rived there when people were al-ready coming out of the
court. rel. -longomokela (longomokezi) to come out with the intention of
going somewhere. caus. -longomo-kisa (longomokisize) to cause to come out.
longongo (bo-) n. head of a family.
-longotola (longotozi) v.t. to unpack one thing after another, to sort out
things in order to find something required. der. mulongotoli, syn. -a-
lunguta. rel. -longotolela (longoto-lezi) to take things out of a box and
leave them out Banana ba longotolezi libyana fafasi, the chil-dren have
unpacked the goods and left them Iying on the floor caus. -longotolisa
(longotolisize) to cause to sort or take out. int. -longotolo-lela
(longotololezi) to take every-thing out.
longwani (bo-) n. Eng. tall person.
lonji (li or ma) n. Eng. motor-boat launch.
lonono (bo-) n. kind of bird (Ethio-pian Shipe) believed to announce the cold
season. fig. the last one.
looba (ma-) n. cooked iguana meat (boneless) cf. siswaya. (from -oba)
looma (ma-) n. roar of a lion, cf. Iioma.
-lota1 (lotile) v.i. to drip der. Iilotoli, syn. -coomoka. fig. to arrive
sud-denly, unexpectedly; to drop in Lubinda ki kale a lota, Lubinda has
Just dropped in rel. -lotela (lotezi) to drip: Pula i ni lotezi, I felt
the first drops of rain. caus. -lotisa (lo-tisize) to let fall drop by
drop fig. exp. ku lotisa mioko, to show one's sorrow by weeping (death).
red. -ota-lota (lota-lotile) to start raining.

lota2 (lotile) v.i. Luyana to dream

lotee! adv. exp. burnt out! burnt to ashes! Mbonyiya kafa liso ki kale ca
lotee! the ear of corn I put on the hearth completely burnt to ashes syn.
sosaa!
-lotela (lotezi) v.t. to grasp by the arm (people), by the leg or horn
(cattle) syn. -lambela.
loto, n. Iead (metal)
-lotokela (lotokezi) v.t. to hold tightly cf. -lotela,-lambela.
-loya (loile) v.t. to bewitch, to cast a spell on someone. der. muloi buloi,
siloiso, namaloya, toyano rel. -loyela (loyezi) (1) to bewitch for
someone: U. ni loyele yena kakuli u keni mwa ndu ya ka, put a spell on
that person for me because he has offended me (lit: he entered into my
house). (2) to bewitch for a de-termined reason: Ba mu loyezi bufumu bwa
hae. they bewitched him for his wealth caus. -loisa (loi-size) to cause a
spell to be cast over someone Ki wena ya ni loisize yena, I bewitched him
because of you. stat. -loyeha (loyehile) to take leave of one's senses U
sike wa mamela za yambutuka, u loyehile mutu yo, this man has taken leave
of his senses, do not listen to his nonsense. int. -loyelela (loyelelezi)
to cast a permanent spell on an-other: Ba mu loyelezi, ha sa na ku fola,
he will not recover at they have bewitched him for good. rel. -loyana
(loyani) to bewitch one an-other freq. -loyanga to have the habit of
bewitching; to bewitch without reason ref. a) -itoya (itoile) to get into
hardship in be-witching: U itoile ili yena ka ku bulaya mwan'a mutu, he
brought trouble on himself when he killed the child. b) -itoyela (itoyezi)
to bewitch without discrimination c) -itoisa (itoisize) to behave in a
way that causes one's misfortune
-loza (lozize) v.t. to sharpen (knife, axe), to file der. mulozi, siloziso
cf. -shenga fig. exp. ku loza mulomo, to report false news. rel. -lozeza
(loze-lize) to sharpen for someone: Mate, a ku ni lozeze kwatehi palo ya
ka, Mate, will you sharpen my small hatchet please? caus. -lozisa
(lozisize) to help someone in sharpening: Liewe la ku lozisa, grinding
stone, whetstone. red. -loza-loza (loza-lozize) to sharpen something a
little bit. ref. -itozeza (itozelize) to sharpen (a tool) for oneself
lozi, n. pertaining to the Malozi people or Silozi language.
lu, (1) pron. sing. subj. & obj. of nouns, belonging to class lu-ma: Lufyelo
lu latehile. ya lu boni ki mahi? the broom is lost, who saw it? (2) pers.
pron. subj. & obj. Elrst person of the plural: Lu ile. ba lu latelele, we
are going, let them follow us. (3) rel. pron. (class lu-ma) which: Lutaka
lo lu lobehile, the broken reed, (the reed which is broken)
-lua, -luwa (luile) v.t. & v.i. Sotho to possess, to own, to gain; to become
rich: U luile likomu zehata, he owns many cattle- Ki mutu ya luile hahulu,
he is a very rich man der. mului, liluo, bului. syn. -fuma. rel. -luela
(luezi) to reward: ku luela babelekj hande, to give a decent wage to
workers ref. -ltuela (ituezi) to be well off: U ituezi likomu zehata, ha
sa na taba ni batu, he is well off, so he does not care much about people.
luambu, n. type of creeper plant.
luamuhelo (ma-) n. tattoo on the face (made with the hope of being welcomed
to the Paradise) (from: --muhela).
luamwe, n. quarrel, dispute
luata, lwata, n. tendency to raise the voice whenever talking or quarrelling.
-luba (lubile) v.t. to knead (bread, clay); to mould. der. mulubi, rel. -
lubela (lubezi) to knead for some-one. caus. -lubisa (lubisize) to help to
knead. stat. -lubeha (lubehile) to be kneaded: Buhobe bo, bu lubehile
maswe. this is lumpy buhobe int. -lubelela (lubelezi) to knead the whole
amount. freq. -lubanga to have the habit of kneading: Mu no lubanga hande
kazupa ka sike ka ba ni makoto, do work the clay care-fully to avoid
lumps. red. -luba-luba (luba-lubile) to knead again and again. fig. to
bother: Na ha ni lati ku luba lubiwa cwalo! I most certainly do not like
to be bothered in this way. ref. -itubela (itubezi) to knead for oneself:
Ki na ya itubezi sitina se kaufela, I moulded all these bricks myself
lubaci, n. side, flank
lubaka (ma-) n. slap.
lubakanya (lubakanyize) v.t. to mash, to mix different things to-gether
lubala1 (ma-) n. house not yet thatched.
lubala2 (ma-) n. side of a canoe
lubalelo (ma-) n. Iath (used in a roof as a support for grass, etc.)
lubandangoti, n. one alone remain-ing: Ba lengilwe ki pula ku tokwa ni wa
lubandangoti, they have all been struck by lightning with not even one
remaining. (from: -banda).
lubandashemo (ma-) n. state of a woman whose children are born at long
intervals
lubande (ma-) n. inflamation of lym phatic glands
lubangol (ma-) n. kind of small fish
lubango2 (ma-) n. kind of basket made of bamboo.
lubasi (ma-) n. family
lubebe (ma-) n. tail of fish, part next to the tail.
lubeke (ma-) n. one single grain. cf. bubeke.
lubeta (ma-) n. something which may cause harm: Mu sabe mushitu wani, ku na
ni lubeta mwateiii, take care when you enter that forest, for st is
dangerous: U. sike wa bapa-lisa tipa yeo, ki lubeta, do not play with that
knife or you will be hurt fig. treacherous person, enemy Wena ha ni ku
sepi u lubeta ku na. I do not trust you as you are my enemy
lubete (ma-) n. spleen. Iubibi, n. cream
lubibi (ma-) n. beer prepared to reward temporary helpers
lubile, n. speed, swiftness, rapidity ye
lubilo, swift; ku matisa mota ka lubilo, to drive at great speed
lubolu (ma-) n. double chin
lubomba, n. rich milk of a cow before the weaning
lubona (ma-) n. King's chair throne
lubonda (ma-) n. string made of a twisted strip of inner bark fig strong and
thin person
lubosi or luboshi, (ma-) n. strong grip on the forearm. (from: -bos-heka ).
lubotolo (ma-) n. Eng. bottle
luboya (ma-) n. a single hair
-lubuka (lubukile) v.i. to look fix-edly, to stare at. syn. -lutula, -anjuka.
rel. -lubukela (lubukezi) to look fixedly in a certain direction fig. to
speak angrily: Kacenu u ni lubokezi maswe, today he spoke to me very
angrily. caus. -lubukisa (lubukisize) to cause to stare at rec. -
lubukelana (lubukelani) to look fixedly at each other freq. . Iubauka or -
luboka (lubaukile or lu-bokile) to look fixedly here and there red. -
luboka-luboka (luboka-lubokile) to stare at fixedly and re-peatedly. caus.
-lubokisa (luboki-size) to cause to stare at fixedly and repeatedly ref. -
ltubukela (itu-bukezi) to look very fixedly at each other fig. -itubokela
(itubo-kezi) to scold one another syn.-ikomanya.
lubya (ma-) n. veldt fire fig. (1) tale bearer, (2) irascible person
lucacani, n. bushy place, bushy region, cf. sicacani.
luci (ma-) n. cath: muliani wa maci medicme supposed to prevent one from
death in case of breaking of oaths
lucwani (ma-) n. a blade of grass fig. exp. ku ipumela luswaiii, to end a
quarrel, to be of equal strength
lucwe (ma-) n. gravel, gut
lucwepu-cwepu (ma-) n. pleasant young man
-luela (luezi) v.t. Sotho to pay wages, to reward der. tuelo. syn.-holisa.
luendo (ma-) n. Luyana. journey syn. Iieto, musipili. (from: -enda)
luenga or Lwenga, adv. askew, obli-quely: ku zamaya lwenga inge nkala, to
walk obliquely like a crab.
lufafazani, n. small shower of rain. drizzle
lufenyo, n. vexation torment. syn. lutula. (from: fenya).
lufeto (ma-) n. a reed or stick for churning stirrer cf. Iulumbi.
lufiyelo (ma-) n. broom (from:-fiyela ).
lufula (ma-) n. small fishing bow-net.
lufwendo, n. proposed journey not accomplished. fig. abortive thing,
failure
luhala' n. disposition to cause distur-bances.
luhala2 n. ability of a cow or to always come first lead the herd
luka1 (lukile) v.t. to sew, to repair, to mend, to weave der. muluki, buluki,
silukiso. rel. -lukela (lukezi) to sew, mend or repair for some-one caus.
-lukisa (lukisize) (1) to help, to order to sew; (2) to adjust stat. -
lukeha (bkehile) to be well tailored, well repaired int. -luke-lela
(lukelezi) to sew, etc . com-pletely: ku lukelela kanyandi, to complete
weaving a fishing net freq. -lukanga to keep sewing, re-pairing, etc. to
repair frequently red. -luka-luka (luka-lukile) same meaning as freq. ref.
-itukela (itu-kezi) to sew, repair, weave for oneself
-luka2 (lukile) v.i. to become straight. right, just, fair, righteous: ye
lukile, right, straight, just: ka ku luka, rightly der. tukelo. rel. -
lukela (lukezi) to be good for, to be fit for, to suit, to be worthy of:
Ha ni lukeli ku biziwa mwan'a hao. I am not worthy to be called your son
caus. -lukisa (lukisize) (1) to make straight, to adjust. to adapt: Mu
lukise bulukwe bwa ka hande, please alter my trousers and make them tight-
fitting (2) to arrange, to put inorder Mu lukise hande mwa ndu, lu telwa
ki baenvi kacenu, visitors will come to see us today so please tidy up the
house (3) to correct a person: Lukisa mwana a talife, ad-monish the child
so that he may become wise stat. -lukeha (luke-hile) to understand the
meaning of an admonition, to be in the right: Ni mu .vhapile, u lukehile
cwale, I punished him, so he has now changed his attitude. int. -lukelela
(lukelezi) to be thoroughly good freq. -lukanga to be habitually good,
fair, etc Kamita ku no luke- langa batu ku tahisa bunde ni bu- maswe, it
is a good thing to be always fair to people, but some- times it does not
pay ref. -itukela (itukezi) to attempt to become righteous: Liseteli yena
u itukezi. ki mulena wa mutu, Liseteli is really a very good man
lukakatela, n. manner of clinging to someone (as a small child refusing to
part from his mother) (from: - katatela).
lukambo n. reward given to a public dancer: ku binelela lukambo, to dance for
a reward
lukanda (ma-) n. girdle, belt; fig. exp. ku tama mwana lukanda, to take a
child under one's care; Yani ki wa lukanda lwa ndatahe, that one is well
beloved by his father, he takes him around.
lukandeleliso, n. gift offered as a token of homage, respect, thank- fulness.
(see: sikandeleliso).
lukango (ma-) n. coagulated blood (from: -kangela.)
lukana, n. difficult hoeing at the be-ginning of the ploughing season fig.
difficult poling (canoes) (from: -kana).
lukato, n. avarice, greed, stinginess syn- lukokoto.
lukau, n. Luyana. harvest, crop
lukeke, n. Luyana. baby, young child
lukena (ma-) n. alburnum, sap- wood: silabo sa lukena, paddle i made of sap-
wood. cf. Iukula.
lukendende, n. aversion, disdain, contempt. (from: -kenda): Musal'a ka u na
ni lukendende kwa lico mazazi a, my wife has an aversion for food these
days (from: -kenda)

lukesani (ma-) n. kind of edible tu-berous plant

lukesha (ma) n. red millet
luketa (mi-) n. very old, thin, weak cattle (see muketa) fig. very old, thm
woman
luketululo, n.discrimination (from: -keta).
-lukisa (lukisize) v.t. to prepare, to arrange, to mend, to repair to put in
order der. mulukisi, tukiso, bui-tukiso, tukisezo, bulukisi, syn. -
bakanya. fig. to correct (a person): Lukisa mwana a talife, admonish the
child so that he may become wise rel. -lukiseza (lukiselize) to for
someone; to see to for some-one. ref. -ltukisa (itukisize) to get ready.
lukokoto, n. excessive carefulness, avarice, greed, stinginess syn. lukato.
lukonde (ma-) n. wrinkle
lukonga (ma-) n. kaffir-corn.
lukui, n. fear that makes one's hair stand on end.
-lukuka (lukukile) v.i. to leap (heart); to burst into flames: Pilu ya ka i
lukukile maswe, ku na ni ba ba ni bulela, people are talking about me, for
my ears are burning (lit: my heart is leaping strongly) Mulilo so lukukile
hahulu, ha lu sa kona ku utima, the fire is already ranging so firecely
that it is impos-sible to extinguish it fig. to run away suddenly. freq. -
lukauka (lu-kaukile) to be continually thrilled.
lukuko (ma-) n. bow-net cf. njamba. fig. any means enabling a person to make
a living
lukukwani, n. cooked butter or fat
lukula1, n. the hard wood at centre of a tree: Silabo sa lukula si lobeha
fela, a paddle of hard wood breaks easily. cf. lukena.
lukula2 (lukuzi) v.t. to throw vigo rously, to kick strongly. fig. to paddle
energetically.
lukuluha (lukuluhile) v.i. to become free, independent; to become loose der.
mulukuluhi, tukuluho, bulukuluhi. int. -lukuluhelela (luku-luhelezi) to
become completely free.
-lukulula (lukuluzi) v.t. (1) to untie ku lukulula komu, to untie a cow (2)
to set free, to deliver, to re-lease, to emancipate; to redeem ku lukulula
mutu mwa tolongo, to set a prisoner free; Tumelo i lu lu; kulula mwa
bumaswe, faith delivers us from evil der. mulukululi, tuku-lulo,
tukululiso. cf. -tobisa rel. -lu-kululela (lukululezi) to untie for
someone; to release with a pur-pose. caus. -lukululisa (lukululisize) to
cause or to help to untie, to re-lease, etc . int. -lukululelela (lu-
kululelezi) to release definitely: Ba mu lukululelezi ha sa na mulatu.
there is no longer a charge against him, and so they have released him for
good. rec. -lukululana (lu-kululani) to help each other out of trouble
freq. -lukululanga to have the habit of untying: Ki hande ku lukululanga
likomu ka nako, it is a good thing always to unfasten cattle early ref. -
ltukulula (ituku-luzi) to free oneself: U itukuluzi mwa mulatu wa hae, he
cleared himself from trouble by paying a fine.
lukulupa or mukulupa (mikulupa, tu-kulupa) n. thin, old person unable to work
-lukuma (lukumile) v.i. to throb, to palpitate syn. -luluma,-ndandama. rel. -
lukumela (lukumezi) to palpi-tate for a reason, to feel anxiety for
someone: Pilu ya ka i se i luku-mela ku ya kwa hae, I have only one desire
 to go home caus. -luku- ???or lumanile) to bite each other. fig. to come
to blows, to fight freq. a) -lumanga to have the habit of biting; Nja ye
lumanga batu imaswe, it is a bad dog which bites people; b) -lumaka
(lumakile) to bite in many places; c) -lumakisa (lumaki-size) to cause to
bite furiously: Ki wena ya ni lumakisize linja za hao, I have been bitten
by your dogs which you deliberately set on me red. -luma-luma (luma-
lumile) fig. to intimate, to discuss: Ni yena ba mu luma-luma mwendi ba ta
mufa situlo, they are hinting about him and perhaps will give him a pos-
ition ref. -ltumela (itumezi) to be inclined to bite: Linja za hae li itu-
mela fela, his dogs just bite any-body who passes by. ituma rnana (itumile
bada) to bite one's lips when angry
-luma2 (lumile) v.t. to send, to des-patch. der. mulumi, mulumiwa, tumo rel.
-lumela (lumezi) to send to, to send for, to order. freq. -lu-manga to
have the habit of sen-ding red. -luma-luma(luma-lumile) to send every now
and then ref. -ituma (itumile) to go and fetch something for oneself.
-luma3 (lumile) v.i. to be tight: Sitibo si lumile hande, the cork is very
tight caus. -lumisa (lumisize) to tighten rec. -lumana (lumani or lu-
manDe) to be joined together: Mabala a tafule a lumani hande, the table is
well joined; Sipula si lumanj hahulu kwa limota, the chair is too close to
the wall.
-luma4 (lumile)v.i. to thunder; Ni utwile pula, i lumde kacenu, I heard it
thundering today. der. mulumo, rel.
-lumela (lumezi) to thunder somewhere Mabani pula i ne lumela kwa Mboela, it
was thundering in the south yesterday. int. a) -lu maela (lumaezi) to
thunder very loudly, to be very noisy: Mwa muezi wa Simbotwe kwa lumaela,
it is very noisy in Simbotwe's village b) -lumaeza (lumaelize) to resound
far: Maoma ki ao a sa lumaeza, listen! the Maoma roaring is be-coming
louder. freq. -lumanga to thunder continually: Pula ya nako ye i
lumangafela, kwa ku nela ha i neli, it is just thundering all the time and
there is not one drop of rain. red. -luma-luma (luma-lumile) to thunder a
little.
lunangato (ma-) n. blacksmith' tongues or pincers. (from -mangata)
lumao (ma-) n. Iong, fat, iron needle used for making mats (women's work).
-lumbal (lumbile) v.i. to rise, to be high: Lizulu la ka li lumbile hahulu,
the mound where I am cultivating is quite a high one. der. mulumbo. cf. -
lundu mana. caus. -lu mb isa (lumbisize) to make higher. syn. -ubela: Mu
ubele hahulu sibaka se, mu si lumbise, put a lot of earth in this place to
make it higher. int. -lumbelela (lumbelezi) to be very high.
-lumba2 (lumbile) v.t. to praise, to exalt. syn. -nuneka, bubeka. cf. -babaza
Sotho. rel. -lumbela (lum-bezi) to praise for a reason: Ba mu lumbela musa
wa hae, they praise 0 him for this kindness. caus. -lum-bisa (lumbisize)
to cause to praise. freq. -lumbanga to be inclined to praise someone: Ba
mu lumbanga fela hakuna sa mutu, they are pra;sing him for nothing. ref. -
itumba (itumbile) to praise oneself, to boast. der. muitumbi.
-lumba3 (lumbile) v.t. Luyana. to decide to go somewhere, to plan a journey.
syn. -fumba.

-lumbaeta (lumbaetite) v.i. to extol, to magnify, to laud. der. Iumbaeto.

lumbambo (ma-) n. fin on the back of a fish.
lumbana (lumbani or lumbanile) v.t. same as-lumba.
-lumbeka (lumbekile) v.t. to praise. to exalt, to glorify. der. milumbeko.
-lumbela (lumbezi) v.t. to give a reason for being accused, to behave in a
way which would call for one's punishment: Ki kale a ba lumbela kuli ki
bona ba ba mu bu-laile, their crime is becoming obvi-ous and calls for
punishment fig. exp. Ki sika se si lumbela mutu. that is something which
will come back on your own head to be responsi-ble for (death, damage,
etc. )
-lumbiliketa (lumbiliketite) v.t. to accuse persistently. cf. -tamilikeza.
lumbimbia, n. dusk, twilight syn. swalala.
lumbongo (ma-) n. wild creeper pro-ducing rubber cf. kenya.
-lumbwela (lumbwezi) v.t. to kill a much beloved relative, with the
superstitious belief that, once dead, the victim would help the killer to
perform great deeds. (ritual murder) caus. -lumbwelisa (lumbwelisize) to
help to kill in the way mentioned above: Mulyani o lumbwelisa, a medicine
believed to help to kill in the way men-tioned above.
-lumeha (lumehile) v.t. to bleed a person, to put cupping horns on
scarifications der. mulumehi, mulu-meho, bulumehi. fig. to act in away
which would place a person in dif-ficulty cf. -anya. rel. -lumehela (lu-
mehezi) to ~ on someone's behalf: A mu ni lumehele musala ka wa kula,
please bleed my wife, she is not well caus. lumehisa (lumehi-size) to help
to bleed rec. -lume hana (lumehani) to help each other in mutual bleeding
freq. -lume-hanga to ~ frequently: Ku na ni kuzi mwa ku lumehanga banana,
it is dangerous to bleed children too often. red. -lumeha-lumeha (lumeha-
lumehile) same meaning as freq. ref. -ltumeha (itumehile) to put cupping
horns on one's own body fig. -ltumehisa (itumehisize) to put oneself in
difficulty by trying to please others: Ku itumehisa batu ki butoto, it is
stupid to put oneself in difficulty by pleasing others (food, beer money)
-lumela (lumezi) v.t. (1) to believe to consent, to accept, to acknowl-edge,
to agree, to condescend (2) to send goods. der. mulumeli, tumelo,
bulumeli. (salutation:) Mu lumele, good morning, good after-noon.
(salutation of people meet-ing for the first time in the day. Iit. Believe
me, have confidence in me, (see: -lumelisa). rel. -lumelela (lumelezi) (1)
to allow, to permit, to consent to: Na ku lumelela, u ye kwa hae, I allow
you to go home (2) to send goods to someone: U. ni lumelele jansi, maliha
sa lifakaufi please send me a coat, for it wili soon be winter. der.
tumelelo. caus. -lumelisa (lumelisize) to cause to believe, agree, consent
etc... rec. -lumelelana (lumeleiani or lu-melelanile) to make a mutual
agreement: Lu lumelelani kale, a ni sa kona ku kutela mwamulaho; we agreed
on this long ago and I cannot go back. der. tumelelano. freq. -lumelanga
to agree without much reflection: Ku lumelangafela lika ha ku tusi
sesEhwi, it does not help to believe everything without reflection red. -
lumela-lumela (lumela-lumezi) same meaning as freq. ref. a) -itumela
(itumezi) to misa (lukumisize) to cause palpita-tions: Tala ni linyolwa
li lukamisa kwa pilu, hunger and thirst some-times cause palpitation.
lukumalela. n. inclination (from: -kamalela).
lukumba (ma-) n. fragrant powdered root bark used as per-fume (from ndaundau
tree roots) perfume
lukumbi (ma-) n. mane of horse, zebra etc. (equine family)
lukumbu (ma-) n. round basket with Iid. fig. treasure cf. katumbwa
lukunda (ma-) n. basket made of rnakenge roots (sometimes used for fishing)
lukunowe (b~) n. sorcerer.
lukupwe, n. time of hunger (usually in November and December).
lukushe, n. sisal, fibre from a kind f aloe used to make ropes and ats (see:
-kushula).
lukusi (ma-) n. sign of great respect and submission shown by clapping hands
and offering presents: Yena na shwelafa lukusi ha na omanyiwa ki mun a
hae, he most certainly showed a total submission by clap-ping hands when
his master told him off n cf. -kandelela.
-lukuta1 (lukutile) v.i. see -lakata.
lukuta2 (lukutile) v.t. to break in two, to nibble bones; to eat all and
leave nothing for others syn. -len-dama, -leketa. rec. -lukutana (luku-
tani) to break each other's limbs while wrestling
-lukuta3 (lukutile) v.i. to resound (drums) caus. -lukutisa (lukutisize) to
be.~t drums: Kacenu ha lu sika lobahz ne lu lukutisa milltpa, we did not
sleep last night, for we were beating the drums.
lukutu! interj. (1) to express a sudden falling (2) to express a Sudden
breaking . .. U wile fafasi lukutu! ... and suddenly he fell down!: U mu
lobile lizoho lukutu! All of a sudden he broke the man's arm! cf.
ngulungundu.
lukutu2(ma-) n. (1) coffin madewith mats, shelter made with mats in a grave
to protect the corpse; (2) awning made of mats. cf. Iutanga.
lukwa (ma-) n. slender object made from mukwa tree: Mukolo wa lukwa. Iong and
well made canoe carved out of a mulombe tree, silabo sa lukwa, paddle
carved out of a mu-lombe tree.
lukwaa, n. fame, renown; also slan-dering: ku isa mutu lukwaa, to speak
highly of or spread mali-cious reports about a person to another. (from: -
kwaa). -
lukwakwa (ma-) n. fence, paling, hedge, stockade, fortified place surrounded
by stockade, fort.
lukwate (bo-) n. hornbill (generic name; the commonest is the South African
Grey hornbill); way in which this bird is flying.
lukwawela, n. rumour, uncertain report: Taba yeo ni na ni i utwilefela
lukwawela, I also have just heard rumours about this matter.
lukwe, n. forest of mukwe trees.
lukweka (lukwekile) v.t. to set on fire, to set ablaze. syn. -cisa. rel. -
lukwekela (lukwekezi) to cause harm to someone by setting ablaze his
property: Ki kale a mu lukwe-kela ndu ya hae, he has already burnt down
his house. caus. -luk-wekisa (lukwekisize) to cause to burn.
lukwekwe, n. scabies.
-lula (lulile) v.t. (1) to put down a burden: ku lula mulwalo fafasi, to put
down a load. (2) to help some-one to put down a load: ku lula mutu
mushimbo o bukiti, to help someone to put down a heavy load. der.
malulelo. fig. exp. Iula pilu, be patient, do not worry rel. -lulela
(lulezi) to put down a burden in a certain place caus. Iulisa (luli-size)
to order someone to put down a load: A ku yo lulisa batu ba ni ba lu
yemele, go and tell those people to put down their loads and to wait for
us red. -lula-lula (lula-lulile) to put down a load again and again. ref.
-ltula (ituzi) to put down one's own load: Ku tata kuli mutu a itule
mulwalo o bukiti, it is difficult for someone to put down a heavy load by
himself
-lula2 (lulile) v.i. Luyana. to be bitter (fruit, etc.)
lule (bo-) n. a thousand
-lulela (lulezi) v.t. to thatch der. mululeli, bululeli, mululelelo. silule
liso. cf. -kubela. rel. -lulelela (lule-lezi) to thatch for someone cuas.
-lulelisa (lulelisize) to help to thatch inv. -lutulula (lutuluzi) to
unthatch. (see -lutulula). red. -lulela-lulela (lulela-lulezi) to do a
little thatching: Kamuso ni ka to lulela-lulela hanyinyanifela, tomor-row
I shall come and do a little thatching ref. -ltulelela (itulelezi) to
thatch for oneself
lulemba1 n. new grass: lulemba lo lu tala, green pastures.
lulemba2 (bo-) n. harlot (from -lem-beka).
luli, adv. truly, certainly, indeed, quite: taba ya luli, true news, real-
ity.
lulima (bo-) n. kind of bird eating bananas at night.
lulimi (ma-) n. (1) tongue (also lilimi) lulimi lwa mulilo, flame fig. exp.
Si ni matifa lulimi or u sike wa nEyafa lulimi, do not interrupt me (2)
tale bearing: Mutu yani ki wa lulimi, that man is a tale bearer
luloli or loli (ma-) n. string
lulu, n. Parkinson's disease
-lulueza (luluelize) v.t. to ululate joyfully when welcoming an im-portant
person. der. mululuezo.
-luluha (luluhile) v.i. to swell, to bulge: Ni luluhile lihutu, I have a
swollen leg fig. to be sulky cf.-nyema. rel. -luluhela (luluhezi) to keep
rancour against someone: So ni luluhezi cwalo, ni kufoselize sika mani?
What wrong did I do to you to provoke your rancour? caus. -luluhisa
(luluhisize) to cause to swell fig. to vex. int. -luluhelela (lu-luhelezi)
to become completely swollen Sitombo sa hae si luluhe-lezi, his abscess is
now a tremen-dous size freq. -luluhanga to become swollen again and again
red. -luluha-luluha (luluha-luluhile) same as freq. ref. -ituluhela
(itulu-bezi) to swell without apparent reason: Lizoho la ka li
ituluhezifela hape, I do not know why my arm has become swollen again fig.
to become sulky with each other
luluka or liluka (ma-) n. papyrus mat (made by men)
-luluma1 (lulumile) v.i. to throb, to palpitate. syn. -lukuma, -ndandama.
caus. -lulumisa (lulumisize) to cause palpitations
luluma2 (lulumile) v.i. to rush for-ward (fire)
lulumbi (ma-) n. kindling stick. syn. Iufeto.
-luma (lumile) v.t. to bite. der. silumi. fig. exp. ku luma mutu kwa lizebe.
to confide in someone rel. -lumela (lumezi) to bite some-where Nja i mu
lumezi mwa lapa la habo, the dog bit him in his parents' yard; I mu lumezi
kwa lizoho; it bit him on the hand, Nja i ni lumezi mwana ka. a dog bit my
child caus. -lumisa (lumisize) to cause to bite rec. -lumana
(lumani accept for oneself, to thank: Ni boni linolo la mina, ni itumezi;
I have received your letter, thank you b) -itumelela (itumelezi) to plead
guilty: Na lu sa mu zekisa, u itumelezi; the case is finished, for he
pleaded guilty c) -itumeleza (itumelelize) to order goods for oneself
-lumelisa (lumelisize) v.t. to greet. der. tumeliso, tumelisano rel. -lume-
liseza (lumeliselize) to greet for someone: Muyo ni lumeliseza bo ma mina.
please greet your mother for me rec. -lumelisana (lumelisani or
lumelisanile, to greet each other. freq. -lumelisanga to have the habit of
greeting: Bana ba ka, mu no lu-melisanga baenyi, children get into the
habit of greeting visitors ref. -itumelisa (itumelisize) to greet each
other.
-lumeleza (lumelelize) v.t. to eat buhobe with roasted fish or meat. syn. -
shomekisa cf. -sunsa.
lumemba, n. pool of water sur-rounded by grass.
lumenyambango, n. an insincere person with an affected smile.
lumenyangela, n. habit of smiling, showing a good character.
lumenyo (ma-) n. smile (from-menya ).
lumina (ma-) n. nasal mucus, (run-ning nose). cf. mamina.
lumingo (ma-) n. hole made in the nose of restive cattle: fig. exp: Ku punya
mutu lumingo, to tame a disobedient person
lumino, n. bad-luck which a wrong-doer must expect.
luminya (ma-) n. sting (the actual sting in the tail of a bee etc.)
lumonyi (ma-) n. grass or reed torch (by ext. any kind of instrument used as
a light): lumonyi lwa pula. lightning fig. very quick experi enced
diviner, skilful person.
-lumpuka (lumpukile) v.i. to leave suddenly and unnoticed. rel. -lum-pukela
(lumpukezi) to ~ with a purpose. caus. -lumpukisa (lumpuki-size) to cause
to ~ freq. -lumpu-tuka (lumputukile) to go out sud-denly (speaking of
many): Bona. banana ba se ba lumputuka mwa keleke, look, the children are
al-ready coming out of school.
lumpwili (ma-) n. hair worked up high with grease.
-lumula (lumuzi) v.t. to take a beast out of a herd.
-lumuluha (lumuluhile) v.i. to rush out from a herd. rel. -lumuluhela
(lumuluhezi) to rush out of a herd towards something: Mu bone komu yani. i
lumuluhela kwa mbonyi ya batu, look at that cow, it is rushing out to
somebody's maize field. caus. -lumuluhisa (lumuluhisize) to cause to rush
out of a herd
lumuna (ma-) n. Ieaf of a kind of shrub (lilumba) cooked as vegeta-ble
luna1, emph. pers. pron. First person of the plural; we, us Luna, ha lu zibi,
we do not know!
-luna2 (lunile) v.t. not to suit: Baki yeo ya ku luna, this coat does not
suit you. caus. -lunisa (lunisize) to declare unworthy: ku lunisa mutu
litukelo za hae. to deprive someone of his rights. stat. -luneha
(lunehile) to be unbecoming rec. -lunana (lunani) to contrast: Mibala yeo
ya lunana, these colours do not match.
lunaka (ma-) n. (also linaka) horn: lunaka lwa tou, tusk, ivory. I
lunda1 (lundile) v.t. to add to, to add l to the measure fig. to repeat
U sike wa lunda hape. do not do it , again. freq. a) -lundeka (lundekile)
to put one on top of others; b) lundateka (lundatekile) to pile up: Mu
sike mwa lundateka banana likubo zenata ku cisa hahulu, mu ba lundeke ze
peli fela, it is very hot, so do not put many blankets on the children;
put only two
-lunda2 (lundile) v.i. to swell with anger, with fury: Poho yani se i bata ku
lunda, that bull is furious and ready to fight. cf. -nyema. rel. -lun-dela
(lundezi) to be angry, to be fu-rious with caus. -lundisa (lundisize) to
excite to anger. rec. -lundelana (lundelani) to get ready to fight
(bulls). freq. -lundanga to be habi-tually angry ref. -ltundela (itun-
dezi) to get ready to fight (same as rec).
-lunda3 (lundile) v.i. (of penis) to be hard, to become erect lundisa (lun-
disize) to have a penile erection.
-lundaela (lundaezi) v.i. to walk in the manner of a disrespectful angry
child rel. -lundaela (lun-daezi) to walk disrespectfully in the presence
of someone, with the intention of despising him caus. -lundaelisa
(lundaelisize) to cause to walk disrespectfully
lundandala, n. very hard dry ground syn. luiamba. fig. barren woman
-lundatama (lundatami or lundata-mile) v.i. to be piled up together. rec. -
lundatamana (lundatamani or lundatamanile) to be piled up to-gether
(speaking of very many things)
lundiyo (bo-lundiyo) n. kind of little bird (supposed to have something to do
with witchcraft) (water Dikkop)
lundu, n. kind of thin tree, the inner bark of which is used for tying or
making ropes; forest where these trees abound.
-lunduka (lundukile) v.i. to be taller, higher than; to be seen afar. der.
li-lundu. ref. -itundula (itunduzi) to stretch one's back fig. to be proud
of oneself, to be unwilling to obey.
-lundula (lunduzi) v.t. to expell, to dismiss, to discharge. syn. -undula
rel. -lundulela (lundulezi) to expell somewhere: Ba mu lundulezi kwa hae,
they sent him back home, to dismiss for a reason; Ba mu lundu-lezi busholi
bwa hae, they dismissed | him because he was a thief caus. -lundulisa
(lundulisize) to cause to dismiss. int. -lundulelela (lundule-lezi) to
expell for good: Muluti u mu lundulelezi kwa sikolo. the teacher expelled
him for good from the school. freq. -lundulanga to be inclined to expell.
-lundulula (lunduluzi) v.t. to do something again (as smearing for the second
time) etc . . ) rel. -lun-dululela (lundululezi) to do some-thing again
for someone: Mu ni lundululele muhala wo, banana ba otile munya; please
twine this rope again for me, as the children have untwisted it. caus. -
lundululisa (lun-dululisize) to cause to do some-thing again.
-lundumana (lundumani or lunduma-nile) v.i. (1) to be taller, higher than; to
be seen afar: Ki sika mani se si bonahala ku lundumana fani? What is it
 that stands out over there? (2) to be uneven: Tafule ye isa lundumani, mu
i bete hande, please plane this table carefully, for it is still uneven
der. mulundu-mano. caus. -lundumanisa (lundu-manisize) to cause to be come
higher.
lundumba (mi-) n. very old dog, very old lion (man-eating) fig. very old and
decrepit person. syn. mun-dumba.
-lundumuka (lundumakile) v.i. (1) to be loud (voice): Linzwi la hae li lun-
dumukile ka bohali bo butuna, his voice is raised in anger (2) to flood
Mezi a taha a lundumukile ka bunata, mane a se a keni mwa masimu; the
water is already flooding in the fields rel. -lundu-mukela (lundumukezi)
to urge fo-wards at great speed (water). caus. -lundumukisa
(lundumukisize) to cause to flow forcefully.
-lundumuna (lundumuzi) v.t. to raise one's voice caus. -lundumunisa
(lundumunisize) to cause someone to raise his voice: Se si mu lundu-
munisize litapa le li cwalo kiini? What is it that made him shout out such
an insult ref. -ltundumuna (itundumuzi) to make one's voice heard, to
praise oneself
lunembwe, n. kind of grass (used sometimes as a vegetable)
-lunga1 (lungile) v.t. to salt, to make tasty, der. mulungi, mulungelo, si-
lungelo, silungiso. fig. to exagge-rate in order to please, to astonish or
to amaze rel. -lungela (lungezi) to salt for someone fig. to poison caus.
-lungisa (lungisize) to supply some salt: Mwendi ba ta lu lungisa kwateni
shangwe; will you please let us have some salt? stat. -lung-eha
(lungehile) to be salted, to be tasty int. -lungelela (lungelelezi) to use
all the salt at someone's dis-posal: Ba lungelezi lizwai kaufela mwa
busunso, lifelelezi; there is no more salt, they have put it all in the
relish rec. -lungisana (lungi-sani) to help each other obtain Spices freq.
-lungisanga to have the habit of helping each other in exchanging salt.
inv. -lungalala (lung-alalile) to be tasteless, insipid: Bu- sunso bwa
luna bwa lungalala, our relish is tasteless cf. -amuba. red. -
lunga-lunga (lunga-lungile) to put a little salt in relish ref. -itungela
(itungezi) to salt one's own relish
-lunga2 (lungile) v.t. to get ready for a game of noma. rel. -lungela (lung-
ezi) to give the starting signal at a game of noma. der. Iilungelo.
lunga2, pref. used to express thinness of a tall person: Lunga Nasilele, tall
thin Nasilele. cf. kanga, singa.
lungalala, n. open space: Ku lobala fa lungalala, to sleep in the open air to
sleep in an unroofed house fig to speak openly or publicly.
-lungamena (lungamenine) v.t. to seek persistently, contrary to the will of
others
lungo (mango) n. promontory, headland.
lungongaula, n. inclination to beat children (from: -ngongola). cf. -nata.
Wena u na ni lungongaula hahulu kwa banana, you are very fond of beating
children.
lungonyangeti (ma-) n. kind of winged insect fig. a very thin and weak person
Lungu, n. April (see: kweli)
-lunguka (lungukile) v.i. to be dis-couraged, to be disheartened, to be
envious, jealous rel. -lungukela (lungukezi) to be jealous of some-one, to
look at someone with hatred. caus. -lungukisa (lunguki-size) also -lungula
(lunguzi) to pro-voke jealousy.
lungulwa (miungulwa) n. a still-standing dead tree. syn. mungulwa.
lungungumwa, n. powdered medi-cine (sometimes used for poisoning): Lu cile
buhobe bwa lungung-utwa, we have eaten poisoned buhobe.
lungunina, n. irrepressible hatred, detestation, abhorrence.
-lungutuka (lungutukile) v.i. to hate, to detest syn. -toya. rel. -lungutu-
kela (lungutukezi) to hate someone for a reason: So ni lungutukezi cwana,
 ki sika mani? Why do you hate me so much? caus. -lungutu-kisa
(lungutukisize) to provoke hatred
lungwatanga, n. kind of creeper fig. strong beer.
lungwela (lungwezi) v.i. (food) to become burnt (due to negligence): Piza ya
ka i lungwezi ha ne ni ile kwa mezi, my food in the cooking pot was burnt
while I was drawing water. cf. -ca. fig. to be spitful. caus. -lungwelisa
(lungwelisize) to cause to be burnt.
lunguya or munguya (mi-) n. small thin child; thin, lean calf.
lunjeke or munjeke (mi-) n. a fruit stone.
lunjomwanjomwa, adv. one after an-other (mostly whzn taking a meal): Mu sike
mwa ca lunjomwanjomwa, busunso bu ta mi taela, do not eat one after
another, for relish will not be sufficient for you all.
-lunjula (lunjuzi) v.t. to pull away, to force out (eye), to squeeze out U mu
lunjuzi liito ha ne ba lwana, he forced his eye out while they were
fighting. int. -lunjulelela (lunjule-lezi) same meaning as above
lunkolola or kankolola (tu-) n. glade or open space sometimes connect-ing two
hollows
lunkumba (bo-) n. kind of bird (Standard Wing Nightjar)
lunona, n. single grain of any cereal
lunya', n. cruelty, hardness of heart.
-lunya2 (lunyize) v.i. to blossom, bur-geon.
lunyeze, n. Iong plaited hair, plait, tress
lunyoka (ma-) n. disease causing total constipation and retention of urine
lunyondi, n. Luyana. sadness, re-gretfulness

lunamba. n. very hard dry soil. syn. lundandala.

lunanali, n. paralysis ya omelezi lu-naiiali, a paralytic
lunele (ma-) n. Iigneous grass grow-ing in the flooded plain and used as fuel
lunonde (ma-) n. wrinkle: Ki muto ya lukile, ya sa bonelwi luEionde mwa pata,
he is a good person, as is ob-vious from the lack of wrinkles on his face
lunukuywe. n. famine, hunger. syn. tala: Bona lilimo kaufela ki batu ba
luEiukuywe. those people are starv-ing all the time.
lunudu. n. discontentment, dissatis-faction. murmuring, grumbling
lupa, n. ashes and soil remaining hot after a big fire syn. mbeya, lieya.
lupa2 (lupile) v.t. to smell, to sniff fig. to taste and eat food: Haisali
busa ni sa ka lupi kaco, I have not eaten the slightest bit of food since
morning rel. -lupela (lupezi) to sniff at: Nja ye i ni lupelaiii? Why is
this dog sniffing at me? int. -lupe-lela (lupelezi) to smell or scent
something strongly Nja i lupelela lifolofolo, the dog tracks animals
-lupana (lupani or lupanile) v.i. to fight syn. -lwana. rel. -lupanela (lu-
panezi) to fight somewhere, to fight for: Ne ba lupanezi ku musali mwa
nzila. they fought on their way for a girl.
lupepo (ma-) n. action of giving birth, fecundity cfi zwalo (from: -pepa)
lupua or lupuwa, n. special way of rowing when hunting geese during the flood
season
-lupula (lupuzi) v.t. to scrape a hide, to soften a skin. der. mulupuli. fig.
to whip, to tame a recalcitrant person rel. -lupulela (lupulezi)
to scrape a hide for someone to tame someone on behalf of somebody caus.
-lupulisa (lupulisize) to help to scrape a hide rec. -lupaulana
(lupaulani) to fight (speaking of two persons) freq. -lupaula (lu-pauzi)
to whip again and again.
lupululu, n. shower of rain seen at a distance syn. simembe-sa-pula.
lupumba, n. pleasant, sweet taste of certain kinds of food such as eggs,
sweet potatoes, cassava, etc.
lupwapwala, n. watery depression in the plain
lupwe, n. kind of eye disease, caus-ing the eyes to water continually.
-lusa (lusize) v.i. to swell, to be dis-tended, to be dilated: Komu ya ka se
i lusa, i tuha i zwala, my cow is near to calving, its udder is already
swelling fig. to rise (river), to grow up (youth)
-lusasa (ma-) n. the bridge of the nose
lusata (ma-) n. long stick without a knob
luse (ma-) n. bran. lusebo, n. whispering, slandering, calumny (from: -seba).
lushako, n. rope used to pull a fishing net
lushandi (ma-) n. (also lishandi) bark of mutuya tree roots used for making
strings lushangala, n. unthatched house.
lushango, n. news, report syn-mafuko.
lushoko (ma-) n. private back yard behind a house
lushu (ma-) n. Luyana. death syn. Iifu.
lushwelo, n. destruction: Ku tahe pula yenata ki lushwelo, ku tahe lizazi
lelfiiata ki lushwelo; ku tata ku fumana kutulo. heavy rain brings
disaster, and a drought brings a di-saster also, it is so difficult for
us to gather in crops (from: shwa) lushwiso, n. bad luck associated with
a mother who cannot keep her children alive, or a cow, the calves of which
die one after an-other (from -shwa.)
lusika (ma-) n. (1) family, clan: lusika lwa bulena, the royal family. (2)
genealogy. syn. Iisika.
lusinde (ma-) n. beaded string worn round the waist by women as an attractive
ornament. cfi muliza.
lusinga (ma-) n. (1) blood vessel (artery or vein) (2) neuralgia, toothache,
etc.
lusitelo (ma-) n. edge, limit (of a small surface). (from: -sitela).
lusokwana (ma-) n. stirring stick. syn. musokwana. (from: -soka).
-lusuka (lusukile) v.i. to rush out or in. rel. -lusukela (lusukezi) to rush
somewhere: U lusukezi kwande ka bunyemi, he angrily rushed out-side. caus.
-lusukisa (lusukisize) to cause to rush out.
-lusula (lusuzi) v.t. to shoot at (with bow and arrow).
luswenyo, n. harassment, oppres-sion, tyranny: U na ni luswenyo kwa banana,
he is inclined to oppress small children.
-luta1 (lutile) v.i. (1) to leak, to drip. cf. -lota. (2) to urinate. syn. -
tapu-luha rel. -lutela (lutezi) to urinate somewhere: Mwananaya lutela
mlva ndu u maswe, it is a bad child who urinates in the house. caus. -
lutisa (lutisize) to help to pass water: Mu lutise mwanana a sika lobala
kale, make the child urinate before he goes to sleep. freq. -lutanga to
uri-nate frequently. red. -luta-luta (luta-lutile) to pass water in an un-
controlled manner (drunkness). ref. -ltutela (itutezi) to wet one's
trousers.
-luta2 (lutile) v.t. to teach. to preach, to educate. der. muluti, muituti,
buituti, buluti, tuto. rel. -lutela (lutezi) to teach for the sake of
someone, to teach with a special purpose: Ni mu lutezi kuli a be ni
butali, I taught him how to be clever and discerning. caus. -lutisa
(lutisize) to help to teach. stat. -luteha (lutehile) to be learned, eru-
dite. int. -lutelela (lutelezi) to teach everybody or everything: Ki yena
ya lutelela basizana ni bashimani, he is the one who teaches both girls
and boys. rec. -lutana (lutani) to teach one another. freq. -lutanga to
teach for some time. red. -luta-luta (luta-lutile) to teach for a short
time. ref. -ltuta (itutile) to learn.
lutaa (ma-) n. walking stick, walk-ing staff (for old people).
lutabo (ma-) n. Iong iron needle used in making mats (women's work). Iutaka
(ma-) n. red: lutaka lwa Sishukulumbwe, bamboo. Also place covered with
reeds.
lutana, n. used adjectively: mukeke wa lutana, a shallow dish or plate; komu
ya lutana, a cow whose horns gracefully point upwards. (from: -tanamana).
lutanga (ma-) n. shelter on a canoe. awning.
lutatai (ma-) n. special shelter built for the Litunga at the entrance of the
outer part of the royal yard.
lutazo, n. sickness due to persistent vomiting (pregnancy) (from: -taza).
lutemwa-muku, n. Luyana. grass cut down by mice.
lutenda, n. unsoaked cassava roots.
luteya (ma-) n. back-bone of a fish, vertebral column.
lutiela (ma-) n. beverage made of stick milk and mealie-meal.
lutimbo, n. hatred.

lutimu, n. possession (by a spirit causing an illness which cannot be

healed).
lutingo (ma-) n. spiral: Bolo ya ka i se i felile lutingo, my bit is worn
out. (from: -tinga).
lutokwa, n. anything getting into the eye. syn. sitowati.
lutoma, n. shallow water place where poling is possible: Mukolo u mata hahulu
mwa lutoma, a canoe always runs swiftly in shallow water.
lutondeleti, n. predisposition to sus-pect others.
lutone, n. coccyx, extremity of the spinal column, rump.
lutubi (ma-) n. cooked egg yolk. syn. bunkume.
-lutulal (lutuzi) v.t. to expel, to dis-miss. syn. -keleka. fig. to divorce.
rel. -lutulela (lutulezi) to expel, to dismiss: Ki sihwaba, ni mu lutulezi
ku ndatahe. I sent him back to his father because he is a truant. int. -
lutululela (lutululezi) to expel, to dismiss for good. ref. fig. -itutula
(itutuzi) to alienate people: Ku maswe ku itutula batufa mubili bak-eiiisa
ku ca, it is bad to alienate people because of lack of good manners in
eating.
lutula,2 n. vexation, torment, harsh-ness, syn. Iufenyo.
-lutula3 (lutuzi) v.i. to open eyes widely, to look fixedly, to stare at.
syn. -lubuka. rel. -lutulela (lutulezi) to look at fixedly: Usike wa
lutulela banana rneto, u ka ba sabisa, do not stare so much at the
children you will frighten them. caus. -lutulisa (lutulisize) to cause to
stare at. rec. -lutulelana (lutulelani) to stare hard at each other.
-lutulula (lutuluzi) v.t. to unthatch. der. mulutululi, bulutululi. fig. to
dismiss, to expel in great numbers rel. -lutululela (lutululezi) to un-
thatch for someone. caus. -lutulu-lisa (lutululisize) to order, to help to
unthatch. stat. -lutuluha (lutulu-lisize) to become unthatched: Ndu ya ka
i lutuluhile bakeinisa moya, my house is unthatched by wind. freq. -
lutululanga to unthatch on many occasions: Moya u lutululanga mandu a sika
lulelwa hande, the wind frequently unthatches houses which are badly
thatched.
lutunda (ma-) n. Iong and narrow piece of ground rising above the plain.
lutundu-ongo ( matundu-ongo ) n. Luyana. spine.
lututumebo, n. shivering. (from: -tutuma).
luundu, n. (see: lundu).
luuya, n. kind of edible bulb found in the forest.
-luwa (luwile) v.i. & v.t. Sotho. to possess, to own, to gain. (see -lua).
luwaile (ma-) n. Eng. (1) wire. (2) telegram.
luwawa (ma-) n. jackal. syn. nama-kau -simbundu.
luwewe, n. great fear; terror: Ku shwa luwewe to die of fright.
luyaba ( ma- ) n. bag made from meshed string or bark, etc.
luyubo (ma-) n. oval wooden dish. Iuyuya, n. thin layer of grass cover-ing
water. cf. litindi.
-luza (luzize) v.t. Eng. to lose, to be deprived of. rel. -luzeza (luzelize)
to lose in a special way: Ku maswe ku luzeza mali fa makalata, it is
unwise to lose money in card play-ing. caus. -luzisa (luzisize) to cause
to lose money. int. -luzeleza (luze-lelize) to lose completely. freq. -lu-
zanga to be usually deprived of: Mu sike mwa no luzanga ku ya kwa mikopano
 ya sicaba, do not deprive yourself of the enrichment to be gained in
gatherings of people. ref. ituzisa (ituzisize) to deprive oneself without
good reasons: lWa bainwi ba ituzi.va fela ka ku tabisa batu. some people
do not mind being harmed by pleasing others.
luzumo, n. hunting game (from: - zuma). syn. buzumo. luzwabo (ma-) n. meat
adhering to a hide. (also: lizwabo).
lwal, pron. subj. 1st person. pl. (hist pres).
lwa2, poss. pron. (class: lu-ma): lunaka lwa bona, their tusk.
lwaa, n. Luyana. reed mat used in a canoe as a protection from water.
lwaha (lwahile) v.t. to curse, to insult. der. mulwahi, twaho, twa- hako.
syn. -tapula, -shobola. rel. - lwahela (lwahezi) to curse for. caus. -
lwahisa (lwahisize) to cause abusive language. rec. -lwahakana
(lwahakanile) or -lwahana (lwaha-nile) to insult one another. freq.-
lwahaka (lwahakile) to insult re- peatedly. ref. a) -itwaha (itwahile) to
blame oneself; b)-itwahaka (it-wahakile) to insult one another; c)
itwahakisa (itwahakisize) to cause oneself to be frequently insulted: U
sike wa itwahakisa banana. do not act in a way which provokes the
children's disrespect: d) -itwahisa (itwahisize) to cause oneself to be
insulted.
lwala (lwezi) v.t. to carry. der. mul- wali, mulwalo, bulwali. syn. - shimba.
cf. -kwaota. rel. -lwalela (lwalezi) to carry for someone. caus. a) -
lwalisa (lwalisize) to help to carry; to order to carry: Mu yo lwalisa ba
bainwi kwa libyana, go and help others to carry the goods. b) -lwesa
(lwesize) to put a load on someone's shoulder. int. -lwalelela (lwalelezi)
to carry out comple-tely. rec. -lwalisana (lwalisani) to help each other
in carrying things. fig. to help each other in difficulty: Mu lwalisane
mutiyo wa mina hamoho ka tata. bear your difficul-ties together and with
courage. freq. -lwalanga to have the habit of carrying. inv. -lula
(lulile) to put down, to lay down. (see: -lula). ref. a) -itwala (itwezi)
fig. to be preg-nant. b) -itwalela (itwalezi) to carry for oneself. c) -
itwalisa (itwalisize) to help one another in carrying things. d) -itwesa
(itwesize) to put a burden on one's head or shoulder.
lwale, dem. pron. (class: lu-ma) 4th degree: that over there.
-lwalela (lwalezi) v.t. to gather fire-wood. der. mulwaleli. syn. -yak-wana.
lwalo, n. Luyana. winnowing basket. cf. liselo.
-lwalweka (lwalekile) v.t. to look at-tentively at someone.
lwambanyama (ma-) n. midriff, diaphragm.
lwambu, n. kind of creeper found in the forest.
-lwa (lwile) v.t. Luyana. to fight. der. ndwa. (see: -lwana).
-lwana (lwanile) v.t. to fight, to quarrel. der. mulwani, mulwanisi, bulwani,
twano, silwaniso. rel. -lwa-nela (lwanezi) to fight somewhere; to fight
for, to defend or protect someone, to stand for: Ki naya mu lwanezi kuli
ba mufe musebezi, I am the one who came to his assistance in his search
for employment. caus. -lwanisa (lwanisize) to fight against, to oppose, to
resist, to contradict. freq. -lwananga to have the habit of quarrelling:
Ki makwa wa hae wa ku lwananga ze sina tuso, he has an inclination to
quarrel over nothing. red. -lwana-lwana (lwana-lwanile) to quarrel, to be
inclined to quarrelling. ref. a) -it wanela (itwanezi) to defend one-
self: Ku itwanela ki kokunde kufita ku kupa tuso kwa batu, it is better to
try one's best (defend oneself) than to ask for others' heip. b) -it-
wanisa (itwanisize) to come to blows: Ba itwanisezaiii batu bani? Why are
those people fighting?
lwanda, n. kind of short grass. syn. mutwa.
lwandala (ma-) n. fissure, crack, flaw.
lwando, n. reed mats fastened to- gether and used in fishing.
lwangasi, n. action of undertaking or carrying too many things at a time:
Munutwaha, ni mwa lwangasi lolutuna lwa masimu, this year, I am extremely
occupied with gar-dening all over the place.
lwange, n. place covered with mwange grass.
lwani, dem. pron. (class: lu-ma) 3rd degree, that one.
lwao, n. kind of grass the blades of which cut like a knife.
lwata or luata, n. propensity to raise the voice whenever talking or
quarrelling. -lwela (lwelile) v.i. to capsize, to sink. syn. -tiba. rel. -
lwelela (lwelezi) to sink in a certain place: Sisepe sa luna si lwelezifa
Sioma, our barge sank at Sioma. caus. -lwelisa (lwelisize) to cause to
capsize. int. -lwelelela (lwelelezi) to founder. ref. -ltwelisa
(itwelisize) to cause oneself to capsize: U itwe- lisize ka ku longa
hahulu, he caused the canoe to capsize by overload- mg.
lwemuka (lwemukile) v.i. to be well sharpened.
-lwemuna (lwemuzi) v.t. to sharpen. syn. -shenga. rel. -lwemunela (lwe-
munezi) to sharpen for someone caus. -lwemunisa (lwemunisize) to help
someone to sharpen. ref. -l wemuna (itwemuzi) to sharpen its horns
(animal).
-lwena (lwenile) v.t. to look for lice. der. mulweni rel. -lwenela (lwenezi)
to kill lice for someone: ku lwenela sibofu likubo za hae, to help a blind
person by killing lice in his blan-kets. caus. -lwenisa (lwenisize) to
help someone in looking for lice. int. -lwenelela (lwenelezi) to look
everywhere for lice. ref. -itwena (itwenile) to delouse oneself, to keep
oneself clean of lice.
lwendo (maendo) n. Luyana. jour: ney: Mu ni ezeze kapili, ni mutu wa lwendo,
na pakela kamoso, attend to my business quickly, for I am on a journey and
I am leaving early tomorrow.
lwenga, adv. sideways, obliquely, askew: ku zamaya lovenga inge nkala, to
walk askew like a crab mu sike mwa ina mukolo lwenga. Iu ka tiba, do not
sit on one side of the canoe or we shall capsize.
lwenge1 n. saliva dribbling from the mouth.
lwenge2 (maenge). n. white of an egg.
lwengenge, n. cold, damp weather.
lweo (maeo) n. edge, limit of a garden.
lwenge (maenge) n. Iower abdomen.
lyia () v.t. Luyana to eat. der. ka-Iyelo, mulyelo, syn. -ca.
lyabelela, n. manner of heaping up the soil for sowing: ku cala lyabe-lela,
to sow before the rainy season.
liabwa (ma-) n. canal.
lyahekula (bo-) n. slanderer, story-teller, liar.
lyaka1 (ma-) n. gill of a fish.
lyaka2 (ma-) n. excrescence in the vagina, (clitoris).
-lyakaela (lyakaezi) v.l. to burn fier-cely (speaking of a fire
spreading rapidly on the plain or in the forest).
-lyakama (yakamile) v.i. to burn fie-recily cf. -tuka fig. to be very angry
rel. -lyakamela (lyakamezi) to burn fiercely towards; fig. get cross with
somebody. caus. -lyaka-misa (Iyakamisize) to cause to burn fiercely; fig.
to provoke anger
lyakanyani (makanyani) n. wild dog sun mbindi
-lyakata (lyakatile) v.i. to grumble angrily, to scold syn. omana. rel. -
lyakatela (Iyakatezi) to scold, to reprove, to reprimand caus. -lya-katisa
(lyakatisize) to provoke anger.
-lyalyama (lyalyamile) v.i. to burn very fiercely.
-lyalyata (lyalyatile) v.i. to burn fiercely: fig. exp. Meto a hae a lya-
lyata, his eyes are flashing with anger.
-lyalyauka (lyalyaukile) v.i. (see: -~yalyoka).
-lyalyeka (lyalyekile) v.t. (1) to kill many birds or animals at one time
Batu ne ba lyalyeka lifolofolo zeiiata mwa lisulo, in the royal hunt
people were killing many animals at a time (2) to spoil relish by salt-ing
it too much Ku maswe ku lya-lyeka lizwai lelinata mwa busunso, it spoils
relish to salt it too much rel. -lyalyekela (lyalyekezi) to salt too much
someone's relish. caus. -lya-lyekisa (lyalyekisize) to cause to salt too
much. int. -lyalyekelela (lyalyekelezi) to put the remaining salt in
relish freq. -lyalyekanga to have the habit of putting too much salt in
relish
-lyalyoka (lyalyokile) v.t. (1) to fail to keep a promise; (2) to avoid ;work
der. mulyalyoki, silyalyoki, malyalyosi. caus. -lyalyokisa (lya lyokisize)
or lyalyosa (lyalyosize) to prevent someone from keeping a promise; to
hinder someone from working
lyamba-amba, n. Luyana. habit of chattering (see: liamba-amba)
lyanga ( lyangile) v.i. to be thin, lean der. kalyangeti. syn. -fufa caus. -
lyangisa (lyangisize) to make lean. to emaciate Tala ni matuku ki zona ze
lyangisa batu. starvation and illness are things which make people thin
lyangalilo ( ma-) n. very big and fierce fire (fig. hell)
Lyangamba (bo-) n. (see: Liang-amba)
-lyangana (lyangani or lyanganile) v.i. (see -liangana)
lyangelino. interj. Luyana. every-thing that comes my way is mine (cry of the
fish eagle)
lyangunuka (lyangunukile) v.i. (see -liangunuka)
-lyangutuka (lyangutukile) v.i. to speak of things not well known. to speak
like a mad person rel. -lyangutukela (lyangutukezi) to inform someone of
things which are not well known caus. -lyangu-tukisa (lyangutukisize) to
drive somebody mad Se si mu luangutu-kisa ewalo ki ku loiwa, it is the
fact that he has been bewitched that drives him mad.
lyapamukenenwa, n. Luyana. fine morning: Kacenu ki lyapamuke-nenwa what a
fine morning it is!
-lyanta (lyantile) v.i. to flame. to blaze (fire): (2) to resound: Milupa ya
llanta, the drums resound der. mulyantisi. syn. (1)-tuka, (2)-lila. rel. -
lyantela (lyantezi) to blaze. to resound somewhere caus. -lyan-tisa
(lyantisize) to cause to blaze Mola u lvantisa mulilo, the wind makes the
fire burn fiercely; Kacenu ba ta lvantisa hahulu milupa bakenisa bucwala!
today they will make the drums roar a lot, for there is beer!
Lyashimba,1, n. title of the chief pre-siding over the Mwandi Kuta.
lyashimba2, (bo) n. person who avoids meeting people whenever he is carrying
fish or game caught by himself
-lyatingela (lyatingezi) v.i. & v.t. to tread: to press down with feet. to
tread or walk on syn. -hata, -hati-kela. rel. -lyatingelela (lyatingelezi)
to wander around in order to find a place for someone to live. caus. -
lyatingelisa (lyatingelisize) to help find a place for someone to live.
lyokwe (maokwe) n. Luyana. spur-winged goose syn. licikwi.
Lyondo, n. name of the central Bulozi plain cf. Bulozi.
lyondongoma1 (ma-) n. name of the tallest of the Litunga's drums.
lyondongoma2 (ma-) n. kind of bird (African Moorhen)
lyuka (lyukile) v.i. to be accus-tomed to do something: U ni lyu-kile maswe,
kacenu ni mu timile lizwai la na kupa, I refused to give him the salt for
which he was asking as his constant begging wearies me rel. -lyukela
(lyukezi) to go back to something: U sike wa lyukela fateni. do not go
back to that again: caus. -lyukisa lyukisize) to be responsible for
someone's habit of begging again and again Ki wena ya mu lyukisize, you
are the one who caused him to be con-stantly begging
lyululu, n. Ioneliness: Ba ni sfyezi lyululu. they left me all alone and sad
lyuluta, n. See liuluta.
lyundumume, n. cloudy sky causing the day to be cooler
-lyunga-lyunga (lyunga-lyungile) v.i. to have no where to live and no one on
whom to depend caus. -lyunga-lyungisal (lyunga-lyungisize) to cause
someone's destitution.
-lyunga-lyunga2 (lyunga-lyungile) v.i. to be saltless, insipid caus. -lyunga-
lyungisa (lyunga-lyungisize) to salt insufficiently lyungu, n. venom
(snake, scorpion, etc.)
M
m, has the same phoenetic sound as in English
ma, pl. pref. of nouns and adjec-tives belonging to class: mu- (ma) bu-ma,
li-ma, lu-ma.
m'a, contracted form of me wa, the mother of; m'a Mubita. Mubita's mother
(however the apostrophe is usually omitted when writing.)
mabanga, n. habit of refusing to listen, manner of being fond of spoiling
things, or of fighting, mis-chievousness. (from: -bangoka)
mabangatiko, n. foreignness: Ku pila mwa mabangatiko ku tata, it is always
difficult to live in a foreign place mabani, adv. yesterday. Za mabani,
things belonging to the past.
mabapa(ni), adv. near to, opposite to: Munzi wa hae u inzi mabapa ni Butoya,
his village is opposite to Butoya.
mabeela, n. pl. poison usually put in someone's food (witchcraft) (from: -
bela) (see: libeela)
mabele, n. kaffir corn. mabemele, n. rain coming into a house through the
door or win-dows
mabeya, n. splay-footedness: Mutu wa mabeya, a person walking with feet
pointing outwards.
mabi, n. second clearing of weeds.
mabianande, n. Luyana. act of occu-pying a person's home during his absence.
mabibo, n. magic, jugglery: mutu wa mabibo, magician, juggler.
mabifi, n. anger, hard feelings. (from: -bifa).
mabila, n. Luyana. worms.
mabindela, n. eddy, whiripool.
mabisi, n. (1) milk, (2) white sap, latex.
mabote, n. fatigue, tiredness, aching muscles.
mabomu, n. purpose, intention, de-liberateness: ka mabomu. on pur-pose. (see
bomu).
mabuba, n. pl. bellows. syn. mapu-kuta. mabubo, n. vanity, pride, self-
importance.
mabubulwa, n. ears of corn etc. left in the field after harvest.
mabukusha, n. pl. tobacco leaves of inferior quality plucked from the low
part of the plant and used to make snuff. (from: -bukusha).
mabulatwi, n. rumour, unconfirmed report, talk of the town, canard: Taba yeo
ni na ni i utwilefela mabu-latwi. I have also just heard an un-confirmed
report about this matter.
mabumu, n. pain caused by blows from hand or fist, repeated blows.
mabuyelelo, n. pl. respiratory organs. fig. refuge, safe place, re-treat,
haven. (from: -buyela).
mabuyumusi, n. manner of unjustly reproaching someone for an act which he has
not done.
macelatuko, n. shyness, timidity causing someone to refuse food though
wishing to have it. c. makuku, tuuta.
macelazonge (bo-) n. Zulu, a great fighter. (from: -caya).
macila or macile, n. hammock.
macipisa (bo-) n. Eng. someone sell-ing at low prices. (from: -cipa).
macoba, n. kind of illness supposed to be cured by witchcraft medi-cines.
Macokwe or Maciwokwe, n. pl. people belonging to the Cokwe Tribe
(Angola border).
macolaula (bo-) n. Luyana, breaker, shatterer. (from: -cola).
macwe-a-pula, n. pl. hail. (see: liewe).
maebwa-ebwa, n. admiration ac-companied by joy: Kacenu ki maebwa-ebwa. Mulena
wa omboka, today is a great occasion, for the Litunga is moving out of the
flooded plain.
maefe-efe, adv. in great numbers (speaking of people or animals in a state of
expectation or fear: Batu ba se ba yemi maefe-efe, Mulena sa li fakaufi,
 people are already ga-thering in great numbers, for the Litunga is
approachmg.
maembe or mayembe, n. pl. pieces of bark taken from trees to make medicines;
ku sheba maembe, to cut such pieces of bark from a tree.
maembela, n. sour milk (not curdled yet). cf. mafi. (also: mem-bela).
mafa, n. Luyana. succession of deaths.
mafandisa or mafandiso, n. pl. gifts presents (from: -fandisa): Mu sike mwa
eza libyana za mina mafandisa, do not give away your personal be-longings
without reflexion; Mutu ya eza musal'a hae mafandiso ki sikuba, it is a
fool who makes busi-ness out of his wife.
mafangombe, n. Luyana. something causing rejoicing, makmg one forget
hardship. (lit. the cow is dead, but we shall enjoy its meat).
mafapanelo, n. place where roads branch off, road junction: Mu ni sindekete.
mu yo kutela fa mafapa-nelo a linzila, please accompany me as far as the
junction. fig. point of dissension, of discord. (from: -fapana).
mafspuhanelo, n. junction of roads, cross roads. syn. manganandila. (from:
-fapuha).
mafapuhelo, n. place where one leaves the main road. (from: -fapuha).
mafata, n. pl. see: lifata. fig. exp: ku nyala mafata, to have more than one
wife.
mafaya, n. pl. layers of grass cover-ing the plain (after the flood). (see: -
faya).
mafelelezo, n. end. mwana wa mafe-lelezo, the last child. (from: -feza).
mafenyeho, n. hardship, suffering: ku pila ka mafenyeho, to live a very hard
life. (from: -fenyeha) syn. maswenyeho.
mafi, n. sour milk, (thick) cf. maem-bela.
mafisa, n. agreement according to which cattle are placed in some- one's
care: Likomu za ka ni li isize maf sa, I have put my cattle in someone's
care. cf. mbuwa.
mafitelo, n. camping place, accom- modation (from -fita). syn. mafulo.
mafosisa, n.pl. mistakes, erroneous views: U talusize litaba ka mafosisa, he
gave a wrong interpretation of the facts. (from: -fosa).
mafuba-kongolo, n. pl. Luyana. dry bones. fig. skeleton: Mubili wa hae seili
fela mafuba-kongolo kacenu, nowadays he is just like a skeleton syn.
masapo-kongolo.
mafube, n. dawn, daybreak, aurora.
mafuko. n. pl. news, report. syn. lushango, makande: Mafuko ki afi? what is
the news?
mafula, n. fat, grease, oil: mafula a mabonwabonwa, castor oil.
mafulelo, n. pasture, grazing ground. mafulisezo, n. same as mafulelo.
mafulo, n. temporary dwelling place, camp. encampment. syn. mafitelo.
Mafulo-a-Lubaci, n. place where the King Lewanika used to set up temporary
residence during the flood season.
mafulofulo, n. eagerness, favour, enthusiasm, zeal. syn. ciseho.
mafuluhelelo. n. pl. place in the plain where to reside after the flood
season (from: fuluhela)
mafumi, n. rust. (from -fuma).
mafunjo, n. act of stuffing food into one's mouth, garging.
mafunyangulu (bo-) n. person fond of sweet potatoes and gorges himself with
them. (from: -funya).
mahahapa, n. despoliation. plunder. (from:-hapa).
mahaha, n. pl. whiskers, beard.
mahaka, n. pl. manacles, handcuffs. (from:-haka).
mahala, n. way of working without reward: Na ha ni lati ku beleka mahala, I
most certainly do no like to work for nothing.
mahalikwa, n. dish of fried meat: Mu to ni lekula mu to ikola kwa ma-
halikwa, come to see me and enjoy a succulent dish of fried meat.
mahani or mahanyi, n. obstinacy, stubbornness, pig-headedness. syn. musuboko,
musundundu, ndu-tata. (from: hanyeza).
mahela (bo-mahela) n. person wan-dering about, person who does not stay for
long in any place. (from --hela) syn. muhela-heli.
maheu, n. light beer. cf. namala.
mahoha, n. pl. tamed oxen (from: -hoha).
mahohoma (bo-mahohoma) n. person with a deep hoarse voice. (from-hohoma).
mahulu n. first milking. cf. mulokozo and ndokozwani
mahweta, n. pl. horns hanging down loosely.
mahwilihwili. n. dust, dirt in water, suspended matter in water.
mai, n. uniucky person. syn. nalimai, nomai.
-maiba (maibile) v.i. to be unfortunate. der. mai, nalimai, bumai rel. -
maibela (maibezi) to have no luck with someone:Munyana ka yani, na ni mu
maibezi, u tusa basili, I have no luck with my young brothers he forgets
me and helps others. caus. -maibisa (maibisize) to cause bad luck. int. -
maibelela (maibelezi) to be entirely unlucky. ref. -imaibisa (imaibisize)
to deprive oneself of a benefit.
maiba-a-nakabamba, n. ungrateful people of no benefit to someone because they
do not belong to his family.
maikuto, n. pl. feelings, thoughts, intentions (frorn -utwa).
mailanu, n. invalidism: Ki wa mai-lanu: he is an invalid syn. maku-lanu,
kalili.
mailepu, n. kind of red kaffir-corn. cf. makonga.
mailu, n. Eng. mile. cf. sibima.
maimbwe, n. demoniac possession: ku bina maimbueb to take part in an
exorcising dance (see mandende).
mainda, n. wooven reed mats (from -inda).
mainelo or maina. n. place where to seat, place whcre to live (from: -ina).
mainjinela (bo-niainjinela) n. Engi-neer. (also muriineli).
maipato, n. hiding place (from: -pata).
maitutelo, n. apprenticeship, initia-tion: Yena u sa nyezi musala hae wa
maitutelo, he is still living with his first wife. (from -ituta).
maizibulo, n. firit born (man or ani-mals).
-maka (makile) v.t. Eng. to mark, to make a mark.
makaba-silabo, n. present given to a ferry-man
makabi, n. half skirt made of cotton strings (formerly worn by small girls.)
-makala (makezi) v.i. to wonder, to be astonished, to be startled. der.
makalo, makazo- syn. -komoka. caus. -makalisi (makalisize) or -makaza
(makalize) to astonish, to amaze.
makalai, n. habit of scolding, incli-nation to lash with the tongue. cf.
makalosi. fig; thundering noise: Pula kacenu i bzize hahulu makalai
busihu, last night the storm was very noisy. (from -kalauka).
makalelo. n. beginning. (from -kala) syn. matatekele.
makalo n. same as makalelo.

makalo2 n. wonder, astonishment, surprise .

makalo3 n. exclamation mark (!)
makalosi, n. habit of scolding, of raising the voice: Wena u na ni ma-kalosi
hahulu kwa banana. you are scolding the children all the time. cf.
makalai.
makama, n. pl. (1) senseless stories, silly talk, nonsense, (2) useless
things: Ala u sika leka lisila lelinde; u lekile makamafela, you did not
buy good material, you bought rubbish.
makanda, n. pl. small clearings in the forest lakes.
makandauko, n. pl. troubles, wor-ries, hardship, distress. (from -kan-dauka).
makande, n. pl. news, tales, stories. syn. mafuko, Makande ki afi? what is
the news? ku ca makande, to chat. (from: -kandeka).
makapaela. n. any lake large enough to cause dangerous waves.
makapulwa. n. pl. name given to school children not selected for further
studies because places are not available. (from: -kapula).
makapweka (bo-) n. generous person. (from: -kapweka).
makata, n. cross-legged; ku itinga makata, to sit cross-legged.
makatakata, n. boasting, bragging.
makazo (li-) n. miracle. (from: -makaza).
makeke, n. compassion, sympathy: ku shwela mutu makeke, to sympa-thize with
somebody: ku tokwa makeke, to be insensible, to be hardhearted. syn.
mukekecima.
makekete, n. pl. large beads.
makenelo, n. entrance. fig. way of approach: Taba ya hae i tata, ha i na
makenelo hande, his case is diffi-cult, for it offers no way of ap-proach.
(from: kena).

maketa-yamba, n. Luyana. habit of speaking disagreeably. (from: -keta).

makendosi, n. strong scolding, in-vective. (from: -kendoka).
makenge, n. roots of the mukenge tree used in basketry.
makepwete, n. pl. pieces of meat (fat meat).
makete, n. tidiness, cleanliness.
maketiso, n. pl. tribute: Kacenu ha ku sa na maketiso mwa Bulozi, trib-ute
dues are no longer paid in Bulozi.
makilici, n. roughness; piza ya maki-lici, a pot roughly moulded.
makilihani, n. mumps.
makilikicani, n. playfulness, pranks.
makishi, n. masked dancers, lipina za makishi, masquerade.
makoba, n. pl. spell (witchcraft medicine believed to be effective from far).
syn. siposo. (from: -koba).
makobo, n. way in which someone reproves a person by referring to help given
previously (from: -kobisa) syn. makome cf. sikobiso.
makoka, n. Luyana. disagreement, discord, controversy. (from: -koka).
makoleko, n. pl. forked poles used in building cattle kraals. (from: -
koleka).
makolokoko, n. kind of grass used for making small fish-traps.
makolola, n. pl. scraps: Tapisa pizana, u zwise makolola u a fe likuhu, clean
the pot, take out the scraps and give them to the fowls. (from: -kolola).
Makololo, n. pl. people belonging to the Kololo tribe. (nickname given by the
Aluyi to the Sotho conquerors owing to their shaven heads. (see:-koloka).
makome n. pl. same meaning as makobo. (from: -komela).
makonga, n. white kaffir-corn. cf. mailepu.
makopanelo, n. pl. place where people meet; makopanelo a linzila. cross-
roads: makopanelo a linuka. confluence: makopanelo a masapo. articulation.
(from: -kopana).
makopanyezo, n. pl. connection. joint. (from: -kopanya).
makoto, n. pl. lumps (in buhobe).
makozwana, n. pl. corridors in a house.
maku, n. smegma accumulating under foreskin of the penis. syn-. bunkolyo,
mankolyo.
makukisi, n. pl. Eng. cookies, bis-cuits (from: -kukisa).
makuku, n. shyness, timidity shown in refusing food when desiring it-ef.
tuuta, maeelatuko.
-makula ( makuzi) v.t. to eat: Bu sa li busa, ha ni makuli kaco, I have not
eaten the slightest bit of food the whole day. syn. -ca, -najakula. ref. -
imakulela (imakulezi) to feed one-self, to eat.
makulanu, n. pl. invalidism; mutu wa makulanu, an invalid. syn. -kalili,
mailanu.
makulekelo, n. pl. straps fixing a load to a carrying pole. (from: -kuleka).
syn. biuti.
makulu-amba, n. pl. Luyana. important matters, serious cases: Kwa Muleneni ku
na ni makulu-amba, they are discussing important maitters at the Capital.
makulusupani, n. pl. pair of braces.
makumba, n. pl. see: likumba.
makumbala, n. pl. sobs; ku loba makumbala, to sob.
makuna, n. way in which someone cleverly tries to cover his faults.
makundamo, n. place where some-one can rest unseen by others.
makundu, n. string work used in be ginning the weaving of a fishing net.
makunduyamana, n. pl. big animals elephants, buffalos, elands, etc...)
makuwa, n. kind of disease; demo-niac possession: ku bina makuwa, to take
part in an exorcising dance .
makuyuya, n. Luyana. great sorrow.
Makwandi, n. pl. people belonging to the Kwandi tribe.
Makwangwa, n. pl. people belong-ing to the Kwangwa tribe.
Makwengo, n. pl. Bushmen.
makwengula (bo-) n. a person who speaks loudly (from: -kwengula).
mala, n. pl. bowels, entrails, intes-tines, tripe.
malaho, n. pl. bottom, buttocks. syn. matako.
malaho-a-bafumahali, n. pl. kind of small edible fruit. syn. maoyongo.
malamatwa, n. pl. kind of sticking grass-seeds. (from: -lamatela).
malamba-lamba, n. pl. remnants of food, leftovers.
malamo, n. pl. great dangers, perils.
malamulela (bo-) n. deliverer. (from: -lamulela).
malanga, n. pl. see: lilanga.
malangu, n. pl. notched designs at the end of a pestle.
malangu2, n. pl. rattles using mu-langu tree fruits and used by danc-ers.
malasambwa, n. Luyana. (1) foolish thing: Zamaya, u yo tasambwela ko
malasambwa a hao ao; go and tell your ridiculous stories somewhere else;
(2) stupid person: Wena ha u mutu, u malasambwafela: you are worse than
nothing! (from: -ta-sambwa).
malasha, n. pl. coal.
malehwe-lehwe, n. the after-birth (placenta) syn. ndu-ya-mwana mutana
malelo, n. pl. small dikes with gaps where fish-traps can be set.
malenda, n. pl. rags: Liapalo za hae ki malenda-lenda fela, his clothes are
nothing but rags.
malengwa-fuba, n. Luyana. rheumatism.
malesa, n. pl. sparks (forge). cf. manani.
malesu (bo-) n. women's colour shawl tied round the waist. syn. mulepo.
malewe-lewe, n. crest (fowl).
mali, n. blood. fig. money; mali a nzila, fare. lili, noun singular ex-
pressing a great quantity of money: Ha si lili la sweli mutu yani kwa
bunata! what a lot of money that man has! cf. ngazi.
mali-kakwande, n. nice, soft, light complexion.
malianganga, n. loneliness, sadness. (from: -lianganga).
malibela, n. verandah, space under the roof outside the main walls of a
house.
maliha, n. the cold season.
malikanyiso, n. imitation. (from: -li-kanyisa) (also: mulikanyiso).
malikelelo, n. West, Occident (where the sun sets) (from: -like-lela). syn.
Wiko.
malikopo (bo-) n. a wicked person.
malila-lila, n. pl. grief, sorrow, de-solation affecting people of a region,
of a country (locusts, epi-demic, epizootic, drought, etc. . .). (from: -
lila).
malili, n. rachitis, rickets.
malilo, n. pl. mournings. (from: --lila).
malimabe, n. Sotho bad luck, misfortune. syn. bumai.
malimba-limba, n. pl. Luyana, stripes of different colours: Kubo size) to
help someone to ~. int. -mamutulelela (mamutulelezi) to ~ everything.
freq. -mamutulanga to have the habit of ~: Mina banana mu sike mwa
mamutulanga maswa-niso fa mamota, you children should stop taking down
pictures from the walls. red. -mamutula-mamutula (mamutula-mamutuzi) to ~
heedlessly, negligently.
-mana, aux. v. as soon as giving a meaning of suddenness: A mana ka ca sa
zamaya, he left as soon as he finished eating.
-manama (manami or manamile) v.t. to chase, to pursue, to beset. syn. -
matisa, -landame ka. rel. -manamela (manamezi) to chase for someone. caus.
-manamisa (manamisize) to help chase. rec. -manamana (mana-mani) to keep a
sharp eye on each other in order to trap. ref. -ima-nama (imanamile) same
mean-ing as rec.
manama2n. pl. great quantity of meat.
manamelo, n. place where someone stretches his legs: U sike wa namela kwa
manamelo a ka, do not put your feet on my place. (from -nama2).
mananga, n. pl. designs on mats. (from -nanga).
manansa, n. syphilis.
mananuho, n. ability to stand up: Se li sihole kacenu, ha sa na mananuho he
is a cripple now and can no longer stand up. (from -nanuha).
manawa, n. pl. beans.
Manda, n. Eng. Monday: La manda, ka la manda, on Monday.
mandabala, n. arrogance, inso-lence. syn. mandanda.
mandanda, n. insolence, arrogance, vain-glory. syn. mandabala.
mande (li-) n. kind of white round shell worn by ancient Malozi Kings as a
symbol of power. idiom. exp.: Mande i tubehile. or mande i pazuhile, the
Litunga is dead.
mandebu (bo-) n. a bearded man.
mandende, n. demoniac possession: ku bina mandende, to take part in
exorcising dance. (see maimbwe.).
mandi, n. anger, hard feelings.
mandinda. n. pl. waves, bellows. (see lindinda).
mandingwe, n. dizziness: mandingwe a tala, dizziness caused by hunger.
mandunda, n. opposition, resis-tance. (from -ndundana).
mandunga, n. great depth (applied only to water) abyss.
manduwani, n. pl. small playing-huts made by children.
mane excl. yes! quite so! exactly!
mane2, conj. even, till; Wa kula. mane ha sika ca lico, he is ill, and has
not even taken any food; Lu ta mu yemela, mane a fite, we shall wait till
he comes.
manefu (bo-) n. a man with supple body (dancer). syn. manemuka. (from -
nefuka).
-maneka (manekile) v.t. (1) to glue: ku maneka sitempefa linolo, to put a
stamp on a letter. (2) to patch: ku maneka sikamba fa bulukwe, to patch
trousers. rel. -manekela (ma-nekezi) to glue, to patch for some-one. caus.
-manekisa (manekisize) to order, to help to glue or to patch . int. -
manekelela ( manekelezi) to patch wherever necessary. freq. -manekanga to
have the habit of glueing, patching. inv. -mamuna (mamuzi) to unglue.
manemuka (bo-) n. a man with supple body. (dancer) (from --nemuka). syn.
manefu. fig. a beauti-fully shaped slender person.
-manga (mangile) w.t. Luyana. to tie, to bind. syn. -tama.
mangala, ade. exp. in groups. (speaking of people): Batu ba inzi mangala.
people are in groups. cf. mangandi.
-manga-manga (manga-mangile) v.t. Luyana. to keep a marriage going (red. of -
manga): Linyalo la luna ki la ku manga-mangafeela, our mar-riage is not
very strong, but we just keep it going.
mangalangala, n. pl. hairy things: Mangalangala a mbonyi, threads fibrils at
the top of maize ears: mangalangala a tau, lion's mane.
-mangana (mangani or manganile) v.i. to wrestle. der. limangana, liku-manga.
rel. -manganela (manga-nezi) to fight for (games). caus. -manganisa
(manganisize) to con-front one youth with another in order to find the
stronger one at wrestling.
manganandila, n. pl. Luyana. cross-roads. syn. makopanelo-a-linzila.
mangandi, adv. exp. in groups (speaking of fish): Litapi li inzi mangandi.
the fish are in shoals.
manganga. n. pl. sound made by pestles being stamped by many people. syn.
namunganga.
-mangata (mangatile) v.t. Luyana, to hold with tongues or pinces. der.
lumangato, fig. to carry in both hands: Ni mangatile maswe kafa ni kafa. I
am having difficulty in carrying my goods even with both hands. cf. -
angata.
-mangelela (mangelezi) v.t. Luyana, to add more and more patches to a
garment: Batu ba ba takani lipilu, litino za bona ki za ku mangelela, the
clothes of feebleminded people are often nothing but rags.
mangenje, n. pl. cash. (coins). syn. rnuwsyawaya.
mangoI (li-) n. Eng. mango fruit or t ree .
mango2 n. greediness. gluttony: Ya na ni mango, greedy, rapacious. said of a
husband who forbids his wife to give food without his per-mission .
mango3 (li-) n. Luyana. small tool used to cut barbs on fishing spears. syn.
sikankiso.
mango4 n. pl. charms (see liango).
mangoma, n. pl. (sing. ngoma) fig. responsibility: Ao ki mangoma a mina, mu
ta iponela, this is your business, so see to it. (lit.: these are your
drums, look to if yourself)
mangombwe, n. pl. bowed legs: Wa mangombwe, a person who is bow-legged.
mangu, n. pl. Luyana. millet. syn. mauza.
mangundu-ngundu (bo-) n. joker, someone having a sense of humour. (from -
ngundunganya).
-mangunga, n. the meeting of people coming from different di-rections;
(sometimes used for people meeting dangerous ani-mals; idiom. exp: Zazi u
ta eza mangunga ni tau, u ta ipuza! The day you find yourself in front of
a lion, you will ask yourself questions.
mangungumina, n. pl. tricks to make people laugh, exaggeration, over-rating.
syn. tushambwe.
mangungunya, n. pl. cattle horns, which are very short or hanging down.
(bumps on a crocodile's head).
mangwana (bo-) n. Luyana. a very large barble fish.
-manja (manjile) v.t. Luyana. (1) to hold, to grasp. (2) to join. syn. -
swala. rec. -manjana (manjani) to hold one another, to be joined to-
gether, to stick together: Maingi-lopu a ka a manjani ka baka la mukamo.
my envelopes are stuck together because of the damp weather. ya hae i na
ni malimba-limba amande, his blanket has very at-tractive coloured
stripes.
malimbuluti, n. manner of disasso-ciating oneself from somebody, of letting
someone down. (from:-lim-bulula). malindela adv. now and then, from time
to iime: U tahanga ka malin-dela, he comes from time to time.
malindo, n. pl. fishing-net floats made of matutu grass. (from: -linda) .
malipa, n. pl. riddles, puzzles. malisao, n. pl. the balls of lead fil-ling a
cartridge. (see: bulisao).
maliya, n. zig-zag.
malo, n. confluence.
maloba, adv. the day before yester-day.
malobale, adv. three days ago.
malobanyana, adv. a few days ago.
malobalo, n. pl. sleeping place, ac-commodation. cf. bulobalo. fig. place of
death: Ha niya cwana kwa Bukuwa, ha ni na ku kuta, i ta ba kwa malobalo a
ka, when I go abroad, this time, I shall not come back, but be buried
there. malobela, n. act of plundering, of spoiling, of taking for oneself
what is meant for others. (from: -lobela).
malobolo, n. pl. dowry paid by the bridegroom. (from: -lobola). syn. sionda.
maloko, n. pl. praises. (from: -loka).
malokomana, n. continuous rain-fall. syn. mulupi.
malolo, n. pl. frequent dreams. (from: -lola).
malombwe, n. pl. designs (pyrogra-vure) on the Litunga's paddles.
malondo, n. pl. strips of cloth or pieces of bark used to stop a leak in a
canoe or a barge.
malonga-ambati, n. Mbunda. some-thing that a person was looking for and
obtained.
malopu, n. Luyana. beer. syn. buc-wala, njonga, mutoho.
Malozi, n. pl. people belonging to the Lozi tribe.
Malubale, n. pl. people belonging to the Luvale tribe.
malukuluhelo, n. pl. articulations, joints: Malukulahelo a minwana, knuckles.
malulelo, n. place where people put down their loads and rest on a journey.
(from -lula).
malumba, n. pl. kind of edible roots (larger than sweet potatoes.)
malumbi (bo-) n. kind of bird. (whis-tling Teal or Fulvous Treeduck.)
malume (bo-) n. maternal uncle.
Malunda, n. pl. people belonging to the Lunda tribe.
malundu, n. tendency to sing out of tune: Mutu yo ki wa malundu, this man
usually sings out of tune. cf. busimba.
malungasiku, adv. at the beginning of dawn. cf. masa ha patalala, ka-mamiswa
malwanga, n. pl. air bubbles pro-duced by fish or crocodiles.
malwelelo, n. dangerous place where canoes often capsize.
malwelo n. Luyana. battle field.
malyalya, n. Luyana. a large help-ing of food. act of enjoying it. (from: -
lya)
malyandowa, n. pl. kind of plant fond of growing in marshes which wild geese
are fond of.
malyanganda (also malyangana) n. pl. vain promises, untrue promi-ses,
deceitful promises. (from: -lyangana).
malyanu (bo-) n. pl. cannibals.
malyawe, n. deceit, cheating. (from: -yaweka).
malyalyosi, n. manner of raising dif-ficulties which hinder people
from working.
malyolyo, n. red skin on throat of a fowl or snake.
-mamata (mamatile) v.i. Luyana. to taste good, to be savoury.
mamba, n. kind of long grass used for thatching and making fences.
mambala, adv. far, distantly, disper-sedly: Mu yahe mambala ku saba mulilo,
build your houses at a dis-tance from each other for fear of fire.
mambalakata, n. noise like, or of thunder. (from: -palakata.) fig. po-werful
speech.
mambaloka, n. habit of chattering. (from: -mbaluka).
mambanu, n. Luyana. talkativeness, loquacity. (from -amba).
mambengo, n. craving for snuff or tobacco. (from: -mbenga).
mambile n. pl. twins. syn. bana-ba-ndopu.
mambilingoma, n. (1) anger, fierce-ness, severity when speaking of persons.
(2) great noise.
Mambowe, n. pl. people belonging to the Mbowe tribe.
Mambunda, n. pl. people belonging to the Mbunda tribe.
-mameka (mamekile) v.t. see -maneka.
-mamela (mamezi) v.t. (1) to listen to, to be attentive, to obey: Mamela
manzwi a ka, listen to what I say. (2) to mind, to heed, to be cautious:
Mamela u ka holofala, take care not to hurt yourself. der. mumameli,
mamelo, mamelelo, bu-mameli, mameliso. syn. -tokomela. cf.: -feeleza rel.
-mamelela (mame-lezi) (1) to watch for someone: Mu ni mamelele libyana za
ka. ba ka li uzwa, keep an eye on my goods so that they are not stolen.
(2) to endure, to bear patiently. caus. -mamelisa (mamelisize) to
help someone to watch, to warn. int. (1) -mamelela (mamelezi) to take
care of the whole: U yo mamelelela likomu za luna ni za ba bafiwi lu ya ni
bona kwa ku waya, as we are going fishing with these people, look after
all the cattle, both ours and theirs, (2) -mamelisisa (mame-lisisize) to
watch attentively. rec. -mamelana (mamelani) to be patient a with one
another. To care for each other freq. -mamelanga to have the habit of
listening attentively. red. - mamela-mamela (mamela-mamezi) to have a look
at.
mamelelo1 n. patience, endurance. (from-mamela).
mamelelo2 n. (1) base of an animal's tail: Linja za sikuwa li pumiwa mihata
fa mamelelo, Europeans' dogs have their tails cut short. (2) stump of a
tree, base of a tree trunk.
mameliso, n. warning, caution. (from -mamela).
mamelo, n. attention, carefulness, obedience. (from :mamela).
mamina, n. pl. nasal discharge, mucus. (from: -mina).
maminate, n. Luyana. ardent desire or craving for food.
mampala (bo-) n. (1) a useless, ig-norant person: Mutu yo ki mam- pala, yena
u nyerna fela, this man is no good he has a very quick temper. (2) a
person who has never travelled, who is ignorant of civilisation: Wena u
mampala, u twaezi mwa hae, ha u sika zamaya kale, you have no idea of
progress, for you have never travelled.
-mamuna (mamuzi) v.i. to unglue (see: -mamutula).
-mamutula (mamutuzi) v.t. to unglue, to unfasten rel. -mamutulela
(mamutulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -mamutulisa (mamutuli)

manjabila, n. pl. rags: Kacenu banana ha ba sa tina manjabila, children do

not wear rags any-more.
manjanga, n. pl. blocks tied to a fishing net in order to stretch it down.
fig. exp. ku tama mutu man-janga, to accuse someone falsely. (from -
njanga).
manjombwaeli, n. pl. stilts (for walk-ing) (from -njombwaela).
manjoto, n. pl. small feathers on fowls legs: Likuhu za manjoto ki zende, na
li lata, fowls with short feathers on the legs are really nice looking, I
like them. (By ext. leg rattles used by dancers.)
manjwanjwali, n. fat, tasty cooked relish .
mankeyema, n. pl. skins worn by Mankoya people.
mankisi (bo-) n. Eng. a match: Ha ni na mankisi wa ku tumbulisa mulilo, I
have no match to light the fire. (this noun belongs to class mu-bo).
mankoli (bo-) n. kind of hawk (yellow-billed kite or African black kite).
(this noun belongs to class mu-bo): Mankoli ye ni boni kacenu, u talusa
kuli pula i fakaufi, the hawk I saw today is a sign that rain is near.
fig. thief, greedy person.
mankolyo, n. smegma accumulating under the foreskin of male organ. syn. maku.
Mankoya, n. pl. people belonging to the Nkoya tribe.
mano, n. wisdom, cleverness, inteli-gence, thinking power, wit: Ku nga mano
ku ba bahulu, to learn wisdom from old people; idiom. exp: Ba mu cile
mano, he needs wisdom.
manyala, n. badness, nastiness, worthlessness, abominatiom
manyalu, n. cleverness in doing things quickly, sagacity. (from: -nyaluha).
manyamenyame, n. cleverness, sa-gacity, ability to do things quickly and
skilfully. syn. manyalu.
manyando, n.pl. hardship, ad-versity, suffering, hell upon earth. (from -
nyanda).
manyanga, n. hunters' dance.
manyekanga, n. billows, waves, ripples, backwash (from -nyeka).
manyelinyeli, n. pl. beautiful, shiny garments.
manyendaela, n. rocking-chair. (from -nyendaela).
mayinga, n. see mukwamanyinga.
-manyuka (manyukile) v.i. (1) to appear, to come out of a cloud. (2) to begin
to see. (puppies) syn. -tona. caus. -manyuna (manyuzi) to open the eyes.
int. -manyukelelela (manyukelelezi) to appear com-pletely: Lizazi li
manyukelelezi cwale, now the sun is completely out of the clouds.
manyumbo, n. pl. (see mayumbo.)
manzibwana, adv. late in the after-noon, early in the evening: Kiman-zibwana,
good afternoon, good evening.
-manala (manalile) v.t. to slander, to report, to denigrade. cf. busifa. syn.
-ngongota. rel. -manalela (ma-nalezi) to report on, to slander about: Ni
mu manalezi matapa a na ni lwahile, I made a case against him because of
his impertinence. caus. -manalisa (manalisize) to cause to report. freq. -
manalanga to denigrade all the time. red. -manala-manala (manala-
mafialile) same as freq. ref. -imanala (imana-lile) to accuse oneself
unintentio-nally: Wena u no ilo ni manala kwa Kuta, kanti u ilo imanala
ili wena, you went to the court to report against me, and it happened
that your report was used against you.
mabana, n. obstinacy, stubborn-ness, quarrelsomeness. (from -nana).
mananazwana, n. disagreement, dis-cord, wrangle. (from -nana).
mani? inter. pron. who? which? what? what sort of?
mani ni mani, pron. whoever, who-soever, whomsoever, whichever.
maneke, n. Luyana. sympathy, mercy, compassion. syn. makeke, mukekecima,
mufelabeke.
manele, n. pl. ligneous grass with yellow flowers (growing in the flooded
plain) (used as fuel by Malozi)
manelele, n. pl. wake, swell, ripples.
manindi, n. pl. coils (snake).
manuluya, n. pl. see lifiuluya.
manwalya, n. pl. pumpkin segments drying in the sun.
maombokelo, n. pl. temporary resi-dence of the Malozi at the forest edge
during the flood season. (from -omboka) .
maondela, n. pl. dowry paid by the bridgegroom. syn. malobolo, lionda.
maonyena, n. pl. see lionyena.
maoyanu, n. Luyana. good luck in fishing, by catching a large fish. -uya).
cf. -sela.
maoyo, n. politeness, respect, cour-tesy. syn. likute.
maoyongo, n. pl. kind of small edible fruit found in the forest. syn. malaho-
a-bafumahali.
mapa1 (li-) n. Eng. map: mapa ya lifasi, world map.
mapa2 (li-) n. small shell. used as a charm .
mapaipai, n. pl. waves (choppy) cf. mandinda, maputu.
mapakela (ka) adv. very early: ku zuha ka
mapakela, to get up very early. cf. mushituko.
mapalelwi, n. hardship, powerless ness. (from: -palelwa).
mapangapanga (bo-) n. plumbers jack-of all trades.
mapapalala, n. a catch of large bream. syn. sipapalala.
mapataka, n. mixture of colours on a motly fabric.
mapazulelo, n. east (lit. where the sun rises); see -pazula, syn. Upa mazwelo
a lizazi.
mapena, n. turned up brim of a hat. fig. turned up lips. (from -penuna).
mapicu, n. tacking, dodging, sudden disappearance. (from: -picuka).
mapilelo, n. refuge. (from -pila).
mapipilikwa, n. pl. small tresses, small plaits.
mapo (li-) o. nail (wooden or iron) fig. limapo za naha, the leaders of the
nation.
mapotelo, n. pl. places one can visit, an excuse for visiting (from -pota).
mapuko, n. pl. see lipuko.
mapukuta, n. pl. bellows (from -pukuta).
mapulu or lipulu, n. pl. see pulu.
mapumulelo, n. pl. resting place. (from -pumula).
mapungu, n. pl. over-large abdo-men, spreading even round the sides.
mapunu, n. nakedness, nudity: ku ina mapunu, to be naked. syn. njenje.
maputu, n. pl. small waves. cf. ma-paipai, mandinda.
maputula, n. shorts, short trousers.
mapwa, n. pl. Luyana, lies, false-hood, nonsense. syn. mbwashula.
mapwaila, n. beer specially pre-pared and drunk on the occasion of a funeral,
beer which used to be poured down over the side of a de-ceased person's
hut.
masa, n. dawn: masa a patalezi, day-break. (from -sa).

masabelo, n. pl. place of refuge hiding place, haven. (from -saba).

masala, n. bran, husks remaining in the sieve after sifting. (from -sala).
syn. mase.
masampululwa, n. tasteless, insipid relish. fig. a harlot, prostitute. (from
-sampuka) .
masapo-kongolo, n. pl. (Luyana. Kongolo) dry bones. fig. skeleton: Mubili wa
hae i se li masapo-kong-olo fela kacenu, nowadays he is just like a
skeleton. syn. mafuba-kongolo.
mase, n. bran, husks remaining in the sieve after sifting. (from -sefa). syn.
masala.
maseme, n. intelligence, wisdom, cleverness, cunning. idiom. exp. Maseme ha
ki boi, wisdom is no co-wardise. syn. butali.
masetela, n. whiripool, eddy. syn. libuu (noun also used to express the habit
of the paddlers of.the royal barge when they shake their lion's manes to
attract the specta-tors' attention).
maseulo, n. first rains of the rainy season: pula ya maseulo, first rain of
the year. (from -seula).
mashakambila, n. trickery, jug-glery; witchdoctor trances.
mashala, n. pl. charcoal.
mashambaa n. pl. reed skirt worn by dancers.
mashamba2 n. empty space between things or people. (from -sham-bana) .
mashambaneno, n. pl. space where two dancers meet. (from -shamba).
mashandilo n. pl. inner barks of the roots of mituya trees used for making
strings. cf. makumba.
mashangelelo, n. pl. joint, (planks, ropes, etc.) from -shangela).
mashekanu, n. Luyana. laughter, merriment. (from -sheka).

mashekela, n. Luyana. same as ma-shekanu.

mashekelwa n. Luyana playfulness fun, joke (from: -sheka).
mashendauti, n. pl. sneering, con-tempt. (from-shenda)
mashendekala, n. irony, sarcasm. (from -shendekela).
mashendo, n. pl. see lishendo (from -shenda).
mashengoki, n. pl. excuses to avoid work. (from -shengoka).
mashimbanu, n. ability to carry heavy things. (from -shimba).
mashini (li-) n. Eng. machine (sewing machine).
mashongwa, n. pl. burnt grass which hurts any who walk on it.
mashonjo, n. pl. manner of continu-ally reminding somebody of his past
mistakes.
mashuka, n. pl. manner of speaking in parables. metaphors, allegories .
mashukula, n. pl. useless grass. (from -shukula).
Mashukulumbwe, n. pl. people be-longing to the Ila tribe.
mashunena, n. pl. word used in the expression: ku ca nama mashunena, to cut
off, for oneself and in ad-vance, pieces of meat from a por-tion intendend
for many. (from -shuna)
mashungu, n. awareness of somebo-dy's intention. (from -shungula).
mashunuti, n. contrariness, contra-dictory manner. (from -shununa).
masifa, n. pl. see lisifa.
masika1 n. pl. layers of grass hinder-ing navigation.
masika2 n. pl. see lusika.
masila, n. pl. see lisila.
masilelo, n. pl. ford, crossing place (river) drift. syn. mupao. (from -
sila).
masiliso, n. mourning, consolation. (from -silisa).
masinjal (bo-) n. Eng. messenger of the government.
masinja2 (bo-) n. kind of bird (Natal scarlet-chested sunbird).
masipa, n. pl. excrements, drop-pings. masipa-azebe, ear wax.
masisi, n. pity, sympathy.
masitapilu, n. grief, sorrow, broken-heart, distress.
masitete, n. mustard seed.
masiwa, n. pl. remains of food drinks, materials. (from -siya).
masiyaleti (bo-) n. last child to be born in a family; orphan, motherless,
fatherless. (from -siala).
masiye (bo-) n. orphan, motherless fatherless. (from -siya).
masokisi, n. pl. see: sokisi.
masoto n. pl. see lisoto
Masubia, n. pl. people belonging to the Subia tribe.
masulungundu, n. small ant-heaps on open plains, corrugation, lumpy soil in
marshes.
masupi, n. pl. see: lisupi
maswabi, n. sadness, grief, contri-tion, shame. (from -swaba) shy-ness.
maswabisa, n. disappointment. (from -swaba).
maswe, adj. bad, nasty, useless, rotten.
maswe, adv. badly, wickedly. (common meaning): much, very much: Ni mu lata
maswe, I love her much.
maswenyeho, n. pl. suffering, afflic-tion, hardship. (from -swenya). syn.
mafenyeho.
mata1 n. (1) strength, power, energy, vigour. (2) authority, virtue: kofa
mata, to give power, to enable: U no swala musebezi wa hao ka mata, you
must work energetically. Lu ku sweli ka mata a mulao, we have arrested you
on the authority of the law.

-mata2 (matile) v.i. to run to gallop. spec. exp. ku mata lubilo, to run very
swiftly. syn. -landamana, -kitima, -ngwilimana. rel. -matela (matezi) to
run for, to run towards. caus. -matisa (matisize) to chase. rec. -matisana
(matisani or matisa-nile) to run after: Kacenu ne lu ma-tisana ni lisholi,
kono ne ni palezwi ku mu swala, I have been chasing a thief today, but
have not managed to catch him.
mataba, n. swamp, morass, marsh.
matabelo, n. pl. places where sacri-fices are offered. (from -taba).
matabula, n. pl. rainy season.
matahataha, n. false pretention.
matakala, n. pl. rubbish, sweepings.
matakani, n. disease of the gall- bladder (cattle).
matakanyani, n. remote place far from populous centre, rural areas. away from
the Capital
matako, n. pl. Luyana. bottom, but- tocks. syn. malaho.
matalu, n. action of spoiling or of stealing someone's property. (from -
talula) Ya na ni matalu, bur-glar, bandit, brigand.
matambisa, (bo-) n. someone lead-ing somebody by the nose, someone twisting
somebody round his or her little finger. (from -tambisa).
matantalatantala, n. pl. great quan-tity of pumpkins heaped in many places of
a field after harvest; great quantity of cooked mealie meal portions.
mataseli, n. pl. sun beam beacon.
matatekelo, n. pl. beginning. (from -tateka). syn. makalelo.
mataza, n. vomit, vomitted matter (from -taza).
Matebele, n. pl. people belonging to the Tebele tribe.
-mateha (matehile) v.t. to smear, to plaster, der. mumatehi. syn. lila. rel.
-matehela (matehezi) to smear, to plaster. der. mumatehi. syn. -lila. rel.
-matehela (matehezi) to smear, to plaster for someone. caus. -ma-tehisa
(matehisize) to order or to help to smear. rec. -matehisana (matehisani)
to help each other to smear. freq. -matehanga to have the habit of
smearing: Mu no mate-hanga mandu a mina ka bukwala, try to smear your
houses artisti-cally. inv. a-matuluha (matuluhile) to come off (plaster)
b) -matulula (matuluzi) to take off (plaster) Note mateha, to put first
plaster; lila, second plaster which is fine. red. -mateha-mateha (mateha-
mate-hile) to smear again and again. ref. -imatehela (imatehezi) to smear
for oneself: Ki na ya imatehezi ndu ya ka ni li nosi, I plastered my house
without any one's help.
matenesi or litenesi, n. pl. Eng. tennis shoes, canvas shoes
matengatekelo, n. care, carefulness, helps (from -tengateka). syn. paba-lelo,
songwa where one can lean, assistance.
matengatenga.(bo-) n. a person reel-ing about, staggering or lurching along.
(from-tengatenga).
matepeta (bo-) n. looseness, slack-ness (by extension) a slack person. (from
-tepeta).
matetelembwa, n. pl. kind of grass used for making mats (poor qual-ity).
mateya, n. baby's defecatory motion sny nanda. (from -teya).
mati, n. saliva- mati a ka ki ao: (lit. here is my saliva) old salutation
ending letters and including a be-nediction.
matibelelo, n. encatnpment. (from --tibelela).
matibilib n. pl. pain caused by ex cessive rapping, strfiing, (from --tibula
).
matiyelo, n. support, aid: Mutu yo ha sa na matiyelo, this man no longer has
a place where he can seek help. (from -tiya). syn. mayen-damo.
matilikuba, n. fear of the consequ-ences of one's mistakes: ku ica ma-
tilikuba, to live in terror of what may happen, to try to cover up one's
mistakes.
matimba, n. unstrained, unsieved African beer.
matimbu, n. hateful, evil look. (frorn -timbula caus. -mataukisa
(mataukisize) to cause to hop.
matokwani, n. pl. hemp, (dagga).
matome, n. Luyana illness, sickness, syn. butuku (from: -loma).
matomelo, n. good reason, strong argument in one's defence in a law-suit.
(from útoma). syn. mayemo.
matomo, n. inability to paddle in time with others (from -toma). fig. ku
opela matomo, to sing out of tune .
matomola, n. pl. sorrow, grief, sad-ness, broken heart. (from -tomoha).
matota, n. pl. see liteta.
-matuka (matukile) v.i. to jump. syn. -tula. U matulse hande, u ka weia mwa
rnusima, jump well or you will fall into the hole.
matuka, n. pl. kaffir corn bran. cf.

matuko; n. pl. neighbourhood , sur-burbs.

matulungundu, n. pl. see masulung-undu.
matuta, n. pl. see lituta.
matutaeti, n. Luyana. grave yard, cemetery. syn. mayumbelo, njinjo.
matuti, n. shoal of barble fish looking for food.

matutu, n. pl. kind of flexible strong grass used in making bow-nets, etc.,
matutwa, n. pl. see litutwa.
matuyutuyu, n. pl. grain of maize puffed out in hot ashes. (from -tuyauka or-
tayoka).
matwi, n. pl. Luyana. ears (anat).
matwitwi, n. pl. clouds which give no rain.
mauba, n. pl. drurns of African bel-lows.
maumbunwa, n. murmur of people being too far away to be under-stood. (from -
umbuna).
maungulelo or maungulo, n. end of an action (dance, court, case, etc.): Ha ni
sika bona kwa maungu-lelo a ngoma ya hae, I did not see the end of his
dance. (from -ungula).
mauti, n. pl. strings tied to a basket as handles (also biuti).
mauza, n. pl. millet, syn. mangu.
mawawai, n. pl. dry leaves left on a stalk when the ears of corn have been
removed.
mawaya, n. pl. plaits of flattened folds on women's garments.
mawee! interj. of surprise, of pain, of great sorrow: alas! oh! cf. mayoo!
mawenge, n. pl. handcuffs, (see li-wenge). chains.
mawiliywa, n. twilight, dusk. syn. swalala.
mawindo1 n. African kilt. syn. siziba.
mawindo2 n. pl. Eng. see windo.
mayaleto, n. pl. fragments of reeds put in a pot to protect fish from burning
when cooking (from --yala).
mayanehelo, n. pl. place reserved for drying food or washing. (from -yaneha).

mayanga, n. pl. first fish caught with a new net. (kanyandi) cf.. mutama.
mayangelo, n. pl. name given to any container in which are put plucked
fruits. (from -yanga).
mayayu, n. pl. see liyayu.
maye, n. (1) panting for breath after running. (2) saliva remaining on the
rim of a cup after drinking (water only) (if left by a woman this saliva
is believed to weaken a man-make him unable to run U sike wa nwa mezi a
sfilwe ki musali mwa komoki, u ta shwa maye; do not drink water from a cup
already used by a woman or you will become two weak to run.)
mayekuyeku, n. pl. red hot embers poked up by wind. (from -yekuma).
mayemaetwa, n. manner of provo-king somebody's anger. cf. -she-maeta.
mayembe or maembe n. pl. pieces of bark taken from trees to make medicines.:
ku sheba mayembe, to cut such pieces of bark from a tree.
mayemelo, n. place to stand. (from: -yema).
mayemo, n. good reason, major point of argument: Lu mu wisize, ha sa na
mayemo, we convinced him, and he has no more argu-ments to defend himself.
(from: -yema). syn. matomelo.
mayendameno, n. anything on which one leans backs. syn. muyendameno, (from -
yenda-mena).
mayendamo, n. support aid. syn. matiyelo. (from -yendama).
mayeula, n. Iarge African kilt or skirt swinging about when people walk .
mayeya, n. Luyana, meditation, re flection. (from -yeya).
mayoo! interj. of surprise, of great pain, of sorrow. cf. mawee!
mayobo, n. reincarnation; formal occasion, ritual dance in which the name of
an ancestor is given to a living person (from úyobola).
mayongayonga (bo-) n. a person taking for himself many things in-
discriminately; a man marrying any wife without making a choice. (from -
yongayonga).
mayowanelo or mayowaneno, n. Luyana. bathing, swimming place. (from -yowana).
mayowe, n. thickly grassed or wooded country. (from -yowala).
mayoyelo, n. pl. Luyana (1) dwelling place. (2) refuge. fig. supporter,
person taking care of someone. (from -yoya).
mayuku, n. pl. scolding, vocifera-tion. (from -yukuka).
mayuloka (bo-) n. (1) one who al-ays speaks angrily at the top of his voice.
(2) hippo emerging fre-quently and snorting. (from -yuluka).
mayumba-yumba, n. habit of squan-dering money or goods on others;
prodigality. see lmayumba-yumba. (from -yumba).
mayumbelo, n. pl. cemetery . (from --yumba). see liyumbelo. syn. njinjo,
matutaeti.
mayumbo, n. pl. (1) children's game conSisting of finding an hidden object.
(2) riddles. (from -yumba). see liyumbo. cf. nela.
mayungungu, n. habit of exaggerat-ing
mayupeletis n. Luyana. curiosity, in-quisitiveness. (from -yupa).
mazambo, n. scurvy. syn. nakasha-sha, lindombe.
mazangala-zangalas n. (1) un-combed hair. (2) dry maize leaves. (from -
zangilikana-).
mazazi-malozwana, idiom. exp. suf-ficient for the day is the evil thereof.
mazezekwani, n. said of many people suddenly standing up to-gether on account
of fear or wonder; also said of hunted ani-mals suddenly standing together
in fear of danger: Likomu se li yemi mazezekwani, li utwile munko wa
sibatana, the cattle are very rest-less, for they have caught the scent of
a wild beast. syn. mazimum-wangala2.
mazimumwangalal n. mirage.
mazimumwangala2 n. same as maze-zekwani fig. exp. ku yema mazi-mumwangala, to
move in agitation (as a huge crowd on a great oc-casion).
mazwake, n. pl. mixture (of any kind) (from -zwaka).
mazwelo1 n. east. (lit.) where the sun comes from (from -zwa). syn. ma-
pazulelo, upa.
mazwelo2, n. pl. way out, exit, escape, (from -swa): Ba mu sweli mwa ndu, na
timelezwi kwa mazwelo, they caught him in the house, as he could not find
the way out.
mazwesi, n. pl. cows with young calves. (see zwezi).
mba (li-) n. belly, stomach, womb: ku sinyeha kwa mba, miscarriage; ku sulula
mba, to cause abortion.
mbabala (li-) n. kind of bushbuck.
mbaimbai (li-) n. husk, pod of dif-ferent trees like: mukusi, muzauli,
flamboyant, etc.
mbakati (bo-) n. Luyana. widow who recently lost her husband.
mbakofumu (bo-) n. Luyana. lover of riches.
mbala (li-) n. kind of small fish.
-mbalamana (mbalamani) v.i. to sit as an important person in front
of people. fig. to enjoy a big position: Kacenu MwEya ki yena ya sa
mbala-mani fa situlo sa bu-Ngambela, today Mwiya has an important position
of Ngambela, (Lit. Mwiya is sitting comfortably in the Prime Minister's
chair today.) caus. -mbalamanisa (mbalamanisize) to appoint someone to a
high pos-ition.
-mbalamena (mbalamezi) v.i. Luyana. to listen in order to report. der.
mumbalamena. fig. to expect to inherit: Kifii ha u to mba-lamena mwa
 sibaka sa ka? what in-cites you to come and listen at my door in order to
report what l say? fig. Yo, u tilo mbalamena ku nga situlo sa ka, this man
has come to wait for the eventuality of my suc-cession. caus. -mbalamenisa
(mba-lamenisize) to order to listen and report.
-mbalanda (mbalandile) v.i. to live in a way which shows a strong desire for
divorce (woman): Musali ya ni sa mbalanda ku munn'a hae, that woman shows
her desire of being divorced from her husband by the way in which she
lives. syn. -hana. caus. -mbalandisa (mbalandi-size) to incite a woman to
provoke divorce. fig. to work hard although being incompetent.
mbali conj. whereas, since, when in fact: Mbali mina mu hola mali ama-–ata mi
akuna musebezi o mu eza, you can earn a lot of money when doing nothing in
fact. syn. inte–i, isita.
mbali2 n. custom of sleeping with one's parents when still young: Kaufela
luna ne lu lobalanga kwa mbali, kwa bwanana bwa luna, all of us used to
sleep with our parents when we were still young.
mbalu, n. curse, malediction, evil eye: Mutuyo u ngezi mbalufa lifu la
ndatahe, a malediction has been on this man since the death of his father.
-mbaluka (mbalukile) v.i. to appear large and tall from afar: Ki yani
Nalikwanda u taha a mbalukile, here comesvthe royal barge large and tall.
fig. to come to the sur-face (bippo, crocodile, etc.). syn. -tumuka. caus.
-mbalukisa (maluki-size) fig. to cause someone to con-sider himself
important.
-mbalumuka (mbalumike) v.i. (1) to speak loudly; (2) to fall heavily on the
ground. rel. -mbalumukela (mbalumukezi) to raise the voice at someone: U
sike wa mbalumu-kela mwanana cwalo, u ka lila, do not raise your voice at
the child in this way or he will cry. caus. -mbalumukisa (mbalumukisize)
to cause to speak loudly.
-mbalumuna (mbalumuzi) v.t. to put up, to build (a big house).
-mbaliaela (mbaliaezi) v.i. to walk carelessly: ku mbaliaela mwa sileze, to
walk in mud; ku mbaliaela mwa mafuti, to walk carelessly in a sown garden.
cf. -hatikela. caus.
-mbaliaelisa (mbaliaelisize) to cause to walk carelessly.
-mbaliateka (mbalietekile) v.t. to throw carelessly mud onto a wall when
starting to plaster it. syn. -lambaka.
-mbamba (mbambile) v.i. to pulsate, to beat (heart). syn. -tula-tula. caus. -
mbambisa (mbambisize) to cause the heart to beat violently: Sabo i kona ku
mbambisa pilu, fear mayl~zawe the heart to beat vio-lently.
mbamba,2 expression used in the old times to remove harm attached to a taboo.
see -ambwela.2
mbambakatuwa (bo-) n. kind of bird (African Spoonbill.)
-mbambala (mbambalile) v.i. to gallop. syn. -likita. fig. to run about too
much (woman) rel. -mbamba-lela (mbambalezi) to gallop to-wards. caus.. -
mbambalisa (mbam-balisize) to cause to gallop ;(racing)-
-mambatela (mbambatezi) v.i. to .become very hard (soil): Mubu so mbambatezi
hahulu, mi u tata kwa ku lima, the soil is already very hard and extremely
difficult to hoe. caus. -mbambatelisa (mbamba-telisize) or -mbambateza
(mbamba-telize) harden the soil: Likomu li mbambatelize simu ya ka, the
cattle ~ave hardened the soil of my field. (in treading upon it during the
tainy season) syn. -ngangateza.
mambitwa, n. difficulty caused by heavy loads carried on the head or in the
arms: Ni mwa mbambitwa yetuna ya ku tokwa ya ni lwalisa, I am in great
difficulty because I have nobody to help me carry my things fig.
difficulty, hardship.
-mbambuka (mbambukile) v.i. to be well built. (building).
-mbambula (mbambuzi) v.t. to build skilfully. syn. -yaha. rel. mbambu-kla
(mbambulezi) to build for someone caus. -mbambulisa f. (mbambulisize) to
 help to build. bt. -mbambukelela (mbambulelezi) to complete a building.
ref. -imbambulela (imbambulezi) to build an attractive house for oneself.
-mbanda (mbandile) v.t. to throw someone to the ground. rel. -mban-dela
(mbandezi) to throw someone to the ground on another's behalf. caus. -
mbandisa (mbandisize) to help to ~ ref. -imbanda (imbandile) to knock
oneself against a door. (etc )
Mbanda, n. Luyana. capital of the nation (mulene–i).
-mbandaela (mbandaezi) v.i. to walk. syn. -zamaya, rel. -mbandae-lela
(mbandaelezi) to walk to: Kamuso ni ka mbandaelela kwa Mongu, tomorrow I
shall walk to Mongu. caus. -mbandaelisa (mban-daelisize) to motivate a
trip some-where.
-bandama (mbandami or mEanda-mile) v.i. (1) to hide one self in order to
listen: C/ mbandami kwa lapa ku teeleza ze ba bulela, he is hiding behind
the yard in order to listen to their conversation. (2) to look for
hospitality: ku mbandama mutu ku bata mapilelo ku yena, to ask for
hospitality from someone (3) to stick to: Munyopi u ni mban-damifa numbu;
a leech is sticking on my leg
-mbandamana (mbandamani or mbandamanile) v i. to be flat (head) der.
simbandamani. caus. -mbandamanisa (mbandamanisize) to cause to be flat: Se
si mbanda-manisize mwanana yo toho, ki ku lwalanga ze bukiti; this child's
head is flat because she used to carry very heavy things.
mbande (li-) n. eagle (martial eagle). fig. thief; sorcerer; adul-terer. syn.
ngonga.
mbandeka (mbandekile) v.t. to stop a gap: Mu mbandeke mubu omu–ata mwa masuba
a ndu, stop up the gaps of the house with a lot of mud. cf. -maneka. rel.
-mbandekela (mbandekezi) to stop gaps for someone caus. -mbandekisa(mban-
dekisize) to help to stop gaps
mbando (li-) n. chest, (anat). syn. sifuba.
-mbandula (mbanduzi) v.t. to take one animal out of a herd of cattle
mbangalala, adv. out of doors in the open: ku lobala fa mbangalala, to sleep
under the stars.
mbanganyi, n. state of having both hands occupied carrying things: M palelwa
ku kandelela, ni lwezi mbanganyi, I cannot, clap for I am carrying things
in my hands.
mbangashwa, n. kind of skin disease .
mbango, adv. Luyana. vainly, use-lessly. syn. mbulungundu.
-mbanyuka (mbanyukile) v.i. to appear big from afar. (canoe) cf. -mbaluka.
mbao (li-) n. kind of otter.
mbashi, n. sneezing.
mbasi (li- or ma) n. Eng. bus.
mbasikolo (li) n. Eng. bicycle. syn. njinga, kanamutendele
-mbatauka (mbataukile) v.t. to go and meet people, also-mbatoka. der.
limbatoki, cf. -katanyeza. caus. -mbataukisa (mbataukisize) to ac-company
someone who goes to meet people.
mbatimbati, n. state of being very occupied: Ni mwa mbatimbati ya misebezi
yemEhata, l am terribly busy.
-mbatuka (mbatukile) v.t. Luyana. to get broken. syn. -pumeha. freq. -
mbatauka (mbataukile) to get broken in many places: Sifaha sa ka si
mbataukile, my necklace is broken in many places.
-mbatula (mbatuzi) v.t. Luyana. to break, to cut. der. simbatu. syn. puma.
rel. -mbatulela (mbatulezi) (sifaha) to break someone's necklace. caus. -
mbatulisa (mbatulisize) to cause to break.
mbautu (li or ma-) n. Eng. bolt. (th-readed pin): ku bopa mbautu, to tighten
a bolt (the nut).
mbayo (li) n. Luyana. African hat-chet (African universal tool)
-mbekuma (mbekumile) v.i. to be a prostitute. der. Iimbekuma.
mbeli (li-) n. small African knife formerly used as razor. fig. great liar.
mbelo (li-) n. gap reserved in small dykes for bow-nets to be set.
mbelwa (li-) n. widow.
-mbemuka (mbemukile) v.i. to ex-perience a very great fear, leading to
repentance: Mutu yani u mbemu-kilefa pila, a sa kutela ku uzwa, that man
was frightened to death so he won t steal any more.
-benga (mbengiie) v.i. to crave for: Ni mbengiie maswe, ha ni na kwai I have
no tobacco, and I am reaily craving for it. der. mambengo.
mbengenge, n. first sight of the sky when nearing the edge of a forest which
one is leaving.
-mbeta (mbetile) v.t. Luyana. to beat drums. der. mumbeti, lim-betelo,
silumbeteia. syn. -liza. rel. -mbetela (mbetezi) to beat drums for
someone. caus. -mbetisa (mbe-tisize) to help to beat drums.
mbeti (li-) n. Luyana. boring insect syn. supa.
-mbeya (mbeyile) v.t. Luyana. to call. syn. -biza. rel. -mbeyela (mbeyezi) to
call for someone, to call for a special reason. caus. -mbeyisa (mbeyisize)
to cause to the calling of someone. freq. a) -mbeyanga to call again and
again obtaining no reply; b) -mbeyangela (mbeyangezi) to call again and
again for the sake of someone; c) -mbeyangisa (mbeyangisize) to cause
someone to call again and again by giving no reply.
mbeya,2 n. Luyana. ashes and soil rennaming hot atter a big tire. syn. Iupa,
mu use.
-mbeyuka (mbeyukile) v.i. to spend a long time without eating food: Kacenu
bana ba ka ba mbeyukilefa milomo, a ba sika ca sesi–wi, my children have
spent the whole day iwithout eating any food. caus. -,Èbeyukisa
(mbeyukisize) to cause to starve. Ki–i ha u ilo mbeyukisa banana mwa nahe–
i ni tala? why did :3rou cause the children to starve ffor the whole day,
away from vil-lages. ref. -imbeyukisa (imbeyuki-*dze) to cause
thoughtlessly one's d-own hunger.
mbi, (li) n. (mostly used in plural) grey hair: U melezi limbi mwa ndea, tbe
turned grey while still young
-mbikula (mbikuzi) v.t. to unsaddle, to unhorse. caus. -mbikulisa (mbi-
ilulisize) to cause to unsaddle: Se si mbikulisa pizi ki butanya, it is
res-tiveness which makes a horse un-saddle its rider.
mbilimana (mbilimani or mbilimanile) v.i. to have one's fill, to be satiated,
satisfied. syn. -kula.
mbilimbili (li-) n. red pepper. f _bilingana (mbilingani) v.i. to be in
disorder to intermingle (cattle). caus. -mbilinganisa ( mbilinganisize) to
intersperse.
mbilinganya (mbilinganyize) v.t. to xput in disorder, to mix up (cattle).
caus. -mbilinganyisa ( mbilinganyi-~e) to intermingle: A{u sike mwa
mbilinganyisa likomu cwalo. Ii ka ^tuma mihala, do not disturb cattle like
that or they will break their ropes.
mbilye (li-) n. Litunga's garden u which in the past had to be culti-vated by
the public without reward. syn. namukau, cf. sinjambi.
mbimbi (li) n. faithful servant or rel-ative entrusted with medicines.
mbimbinyani (li-) n. kind of small bird (waxbill).
-mbindana (mbindani or mbindanile) v.i. to work with energy. der. mum-
bindani. caus. -mbindanisa (mbinda-nisize) to cause to work ener
getically. ref. -imbindanisa (imbin-danisize) to pretend to work hard: U
imbindanisa fela yani, ha na sa sebeza, that man is pretending to work
hard, but actually he is doing nothing.
mbindi (li-) n. wild dog. syn. Iiaka-nyani.
mbingwa (li) n. leprosy. syn. newa-ya-Buiozi, Mulilo-wa-Nyambe.
mbinyuka1 (mbinyukile) v.i. to be bent backwards. (people). der. Iim-binyu.
caus. -mbinyukisa (mbinyu-kisize) to cause the bending of the back.
mbinyuka2 (mbinyukile) v.i. to jump up in order to unsaddle (horse, etc.)
-mbinyuna (mbinyuzi) v.t. to bend one's back.
mbisa, n. Luyana. manner of hold-ing hands on the back as a sign of sorrow.
-mbokokela (mbobokezi) v.i. to fall through (litindi), to fall in a hole.
syn. -pobokela, cf. -totobela. int.-mbobokelela (mbobokelezi) to fall
right through.
mboela, n. south.
-mbofoka (mbofokile) v.i. to be tender; to be soft, to be ripe. syn.-tofota.
fig. to have an ampty sto-mach. rel. -mbofokela (mbofaukile) to look with
hungry eyes at some-one. freq. -mbofauka (mbofaukile) to show signs of
over-ripeness.
mboke (li-) n. kind of stinging grass-seed.
mbokoma (li) n. calabash pipe smoked by Malubale people.
mbola (li-) n. Eng. ball, foot-ball syn. –oma.
mbolela, n. rotten grass or, rotten leaves, sweepings which could be used as
compost. (from bola).
-mboloka (mbolokile) v.i. to speak angrily with a loud voice. syn. -ka
lumuka. rel. -mbolokela (mbolo-kezi) to speak angrily to.
-mbolomoka1 (mbolomokile) v.i. to get angry. rel. -mbolomokela (mbo-lomokezi)
to scold angrily
-mbolomoka2 (mbolomokile) v.i. to cry out (children). caus. -mbolomo-kisa
(mbolomokisize) to cause to cry out
-mbolonya (mbolonyize) v.t. to strike with a stick; to hurt some-one
accidentally with a pestle when stamping
mboma: (li-) n. python. fig. (1) grass roll used as wall plate (2) a strong
person
mboma2 (li-) n. place clear of grass due to late burning followed by flood.
mbombo (li) n. a rich man.
-mbombola1 (mbombozi) v.t. to speak at the top of one's voice, to speak much,
to be loquacious, to chat-ter der. Iiambombola rel. -mbombo-lela
(mbombolezi) to speak at length to someone caus. -mbombo-lisa
(mbombolisize) to cause lo-quacity, talkativeness.
-mbombola2 (mbombozi) v.t. to beat, to hit, to knock syn. -nata. rel. -
mbombolela (mbombolezi) to beat for someone. freq. a) -mbombaula
(mbombauzi) to beat repeatedly-b) -mbombaulana (mbombaulani) to beat each
other repeatedly.
mbombole1 (li-) n. reed put at the upper end of a fishing spear in order to
make it longer.
mbombole2 n. pleasant cool shade
mbombolelwa, n. as mbombole.2 fig. comfort .
-mbombomana (mbombamani) v.i. to be warm (liquid) Piza ya ka i mboenbomani
fela ha i na mulilo the contents of the pot are just lukewarm, for the
fire is dead syn. -putumana.

mbombwala (mbombwalile) v.i. (1) to be slow and lazy (2) to be still and
quiet caus. -mbombwalisa (mbombwalisize) to cause to be still and quiet.
mbombwe, n. slowness in doing things. syn. ndembwe.
-mbomoka (mbomokile) v.i. to be open-mouthed. syn. -komoka. rel. -mbomokela
(mbomokezi) to stare at caus. -mbomokisa (mbomoki-size) to cause to stare
at
mbondwanyunyi (li- or bo-) n. kind of bird (white-bellied stork) consi-dered
as a sign of calamity when it flies over the capital
mbonezikai (bo-) n. dwarf.
mbongolo (li or ma-) n. donkey
mbonyi (li-) n. maize, mealies.
mbonyi-ya-kateya, n. maize which has not been soaked very long before being
pounded
Mboo (bo-) n. name of the first king of the Aluyi (believed to be Nyambe's
son)
mbote (li-) n. kind of beer made from beans and sugar or from honey.
-mbotomana (mbotomani) v.i. to sit down a long time doing nothing, being idle
caus. -mbotomanisa (mbotomanisize) to cause some-one to sit down a long
time doing nothing.
-mbotwaela (mbotwaezi) v.i. to walk jumping like a frog. der. simbot-waeli.
(from simbotwe).
mbowa, n. mushroom (generic name) fig. a lazy person.
mbu! interj. entirely finished, ac-complished: Matokwani a hae a felile mbu!
he has entirely given up smoking hemp: Musebezi u felile mbu! the work is
completely finished syn. kulungu!
mbubo or mbubo-mbubo, adv. mod-erately, tolerably, passably interj. not so
bad!) syn. mbweshambwesha.
mbula, n. Luyana. rain. syn. pula.
mbulu! interj. come let us fight if you like! (taha, mbulu!) syn.-mwambulu.
mbulu (li-) n. Luyana. iguana. syn.~opani.
mbulukwe, n. kind of game playedf ^by girls only.
mbulu-lushoshe, n. Luyana. same asgnbulu.
mbulu-luto–e, n. Luyana. same aslmbulu.
-mbulumana (mbulumani) v.i. to liedown (speaking of big animals,alive or
dead.)
-mbulungunda (mbulungundile) v.t.to have a try at beating drums.caus. -
mbulungundisa (mbulungunlisize) to join trying to beat drums.
mbulungundu, n. emptiness, bare-ness, void, vacuity: Lu limile konoki
mbulungundu fela, lico li ka ciwaki mezi, we have cultivated, but
fornothing, for the crops will be de-stroyed by water. adj. ya mbulung-
undu. vain. adv. in vain; ku sebezambulungundu, to work in vainsyn.
mbango.
mbulwenyi, n. kind of bird (FlecksCoucal)
mbuma (li-) n. kind of fish.
mbumba1 (li-) n. knee cap.
-mbumba2 (mbumbile) v.i. to besulky, angry. cf. -nyema. rel. -mbumbela
(mbumbezi) to be angrywith someone caus. -mbumbisa(mbumbisize) to cause
someone'sanger. freq. a)-mbumbanga to beoften angry with someone; c) -
mbumbangisa (mbumbangisize) toprovoke often someone's anger.
-mbumba3 (mbumbile) v.i. to befrozen, to swell from pain, to benumb. cf. -
hazela. caus. -mbumbisa(mbumbisize) to cause torpid, de layed reaction,
inactivity
mbumbe (li-) n. spitting cobra syn. pakula.
mbumbi, n. dry and hot season.
-mbumbuta (mbumbutile) v.i. to walk having the feeling of swollen feet.
-mbumbutela (mbumbutezi) v.i. to become blunt: Silepe sa ka si mbumbutezi, my
axe is blunt caus. -mbumbutelisa (mbumbutelisize) to make blunt
mbumu, n. Luyana. Litunga.
mbumbuti (li-) n. rope used to keep a large net in a good position when
immersed .
mbumbwe (li-) n. an arrow with a wooden head used to kill birds cf. Iisho.
mbumwaeti (li-) n. Iowest sounding key of the African xylophone
mbundamusheke (bo-) n. kind of bird (African Skimmer).
mbundu1 n. fog, mist, haze, vapour.
mbundu2 (li-) n. kind of small fish syn. nungwe.
Mbunga, n. part of the Bulozi plain between the Zambezi and its trib-utaries
(historically the very heart of Bulozi).
mbungeimo, n. kind of small tree, the roots of which are used in the
preparation of 'good-luck' medicines (Mambunda). fig. kind hearted
understanding
mbuti (li-) n. death announcement, death notice
mbututu (li-) n. baby.
mbuu ! interj. nothing left ! Lico li felile mbau! the food is completely
finished syn. kulunou (same as mbu!).
mbuwa1 (li-) n. kind of caterpillar still used by some people in the
preparation of relish.
mbuwa2 n. agreement according to which the Litunga's cattle are placed in
someone's care: Na ha ni na likomu ze ni luile haisi za mbuwa ya Mulena, I
have no cattle of my own, and those under my care belong to the Litunga.
cf. marsa.
Mbuwana, n. June. (see: kweli).
mbuwele, n. Luyana, lie, falsehood, fib.
mbuwelo, n. Luyana. way of getting one's living.
-mbuya1 (mbuyile) v.t. Luyana. to slander, to speak evil of, to deni-grade,
to caluminate, to backbite syn. -seba.
mbuya2, n. Luyana. anything killed or caught for food (fish, tortoise etc.,)
cf. mbuyelo.
mbuyanda (li-) n. kind of bird, (Go-liath Heron)
mbuyelo, n. Luyana. anything found, pi~cked up or killed for food cf. mbuya.
mbuyoti (li-) n. benediction, bles-sing. syn. tohonolofazo (from -fuyola).
-mbwakata (mbwakatile) v.i. to talk much, to talk nonsense, to prate. der.
mumbwakati. syn. -mbwamb-wata. rel. -mbwakatela (mbwaka-tezi) to talk much
about some-thing: Ku maswe ku mbwakatelafa ku ca, it is a bad habit to
talk too much when eating with others. caus. -mbwakatisa ( mbwakatisize )
to cause to talk much freq. -mbwa-katanga, to talk nonsense continu-ally.
-mbwakula (mbwakuzi) v.i. said of barble fish making noise in ponds or lakes
when surfacing for fresh air. syn. -mbwaluka. fig. to speak much, to make
a noise like barble fish. caus. -mbwakulisa (mbwakuli-size) to cause to
make noise.
-mbwaliama (mbwaliamile) v.t. to tread inadvertently on mud, drop-pings, etc
syn. -hata. flg. to come into great riches.
-mbwaluka (mbwalukile) v.i. same as -mbwakula.
-mbwalula (mbwaluzi) v.i. same as -mbwakula.
-mbwambutuka (mbwambutukile) v.i. to speak at length incoher-ently. rel. -
mbwambutukela (mb-wambutukezi) to speak at length to someone. caus. -
mbwambutukisa (mbwambutukisize) to cause some-one to speak at length.
mbwambwaa1, idioph. refers to the noise made by someone entering into water,
kuli mbwambwaa, hop into the water. (from -mbwamb-wama. ) cf. cupwi.
mbwambwaa!2 adv. exp. in water! Ha lu yo kumbuluka mukolo wa luna se li
mbwambwaa! before we had time to realize it our canoe was al-ready under
the water.
-mbwambwama (mbwambwami) v.i. to enter into water for a bathe syn. -ombama, -
tulyama. fig. to enjoy great riches. syn. -pwaka-mana, cf. -putwama, -
pwapwama.
-mbwambwamana (mbwambwa-mani) v.i. to enjoy bathing.

-mbwambwata1 (mbwambwatile) v.i. to speak much, to talk nonsense. der.

mumbwambwati. syn. -mbwa-kata. caus. -mbwambwatisa (mb-wambwatisize) to
cause to speak much: Se si mu mbwambwatisa cwalo mutu yani ki bucwala, it
is beer that makes that man shout out like that.

-mbwambwata2 (mbwambwatile) v.i. to get drowned syn. -mina. caus. -

mbwambwatisa ( mbwambwatisize ) to submerge, to drown.
-mbwambweka (mbwambwekile) v.t. to put in water, to steep, to soak: Ni
mbwambwekile liapalo mwa mezi a cisa kuli li zwe masila, I soaked my
clothes in hot water to clean ¥them. syn. -ombeka, -putweka, -tupweka.
fig. to urinate in the house at might. rel. -mbwambwekela (mbwambwekezi)
 to steep for some-fone. caus. -mbwambwekisa : (mwambwekisize) to help to
steep. linl. -mbwambwekelela (mbwambwekelezi) to soak all one's linen.
ref. -imbwambwekela (imbwambweiezi) to soak one's own clothes.
-mbwangana (mbwangani) v.i. to speak incoherently: cf. -mbwambu-luka caus. -
mbwanganisa (mbwan-;~ize) to cause toÑButuXu bwa ~ae ki bo butuna, se bu
mu mbwang-V - ~usa ze–ata, his illness is very serious, and it is already
causing bim to be incoherent. ref. -Imb-wanganisa (imbwanganisize) to
speak nonsense in order to avoid F the truth; U imbwanganisa fela, ku k
Siya litaba za buziwa, he speaks t nonsense in order to avoid the K
fquestions put to him.
-mbwanjinga (mbwanjingile) v.i. to work carelessly, with negligence or
inaccuracy cf. -sinya. rel. -mb- h wanjingela (mbwanjingezi) to work for
someone negligently caus. - > mbwanjingelisa ( mbwanjingelisize ) A to
cause someone to do his work inaccurately. int. -mbwanjingelela fmb
vanjingelezi) to spoil comple-tely some work through inaccu-racy.
mbwasauka (mwasaukile) v.i. to be careless in speaking. der. simbwa-soki.
caus. -mbwasaukisa ( mbwa-snukisize) to cause to speak non-sense: Mutu yo
u mbwasaukiswa ki sabo, this man is speaking non-sense because he is
afraid.
mbwashula, n. Luyana. falsehood, Iying, nonsense syn. mapwa. Iitaba za
mbwashula, vain talk.

-mbwatula (mbwatuzi) v.t. Luyana to pierce, to bore, to perforate der.

Iimbwatu. syn. -punya. rel. -mb-watulela (mbwatulezi) to make holes in
someone's possessions: A ni zibi ya ni mbwatulezi kubo ya ka, I don t know
who has made a hole in my blanket. freq. a) -mbwatauka (mbwataukile) to be
full of holes. b) -mbwataula (mbwatauzi) to make holes in prints,
blankets, etc. -mbwembweta (mbwembwetile) v.i. to shiver, to tremble.
(from fear) der. Iimbwembweta. syn. -ngang-ama, -njanga. caus. -
mbwembwetisa (mbwembwetisize) to cause to tremble: Ki sabo ye mbwembwetisa
mutu yani, it is fear that makes that man tremble.
-mbwenga-mbwenga (mbwenga-mb-wengile) v.i. to loiter. der. Iimb-wenga-
mbwenga. syn. -fuwa-fuwa, -weya-weya. caus. -mbwenga-mb-wengisa (mbwenga-
mbwengisize) to cause to loiter.
mbwengeya, n. grating of the teeth caused by sand in food.
-mbwenjuka (mbwenjukile) v.i. (1) to be out of order, to break down (car,
etc.); (2) to become unable to walk (people, cattle, etc.) fig. im-
potency. (Med.)
mbwesha, adv. moderately, toler-ably, passably. (interj. not so bad.) syn.
mbubo
mbwesha-mbwesha, adv. same as above.
-mbwetaela (mbwetsezi) v.i. to walk with the gait of a corpulent person. der.
bumbwete. syn. -mbwe-tambweta.
-mbwetuka (mbwetukile) v.i. to be surprised, bewildered. syn. -mbo-moka, -
komoka. caus. -mbwetukisa (mbwetukisize) to surprise, to be-wilder ref. -
imbwetukela (imbvfetu-kezi) to be dismayed.

mbwi! interj. expressing darkness: Mwa ndu ku li mbwi! it is dark in the

house!
mbwimbwilikana (mbwimbwilikani) v.i. to hurry (gathering things) caus. -
mbwimbwilikanisa (mbwimb-wilikanisize) to cause people to be in a great
hurry. cf. -tubilikana.
mbwinji (tu-) n. kind of grey squir-rel. syn. kamale.
-mbyatamana (mbyatamani or mbyatamanile) v.i. to be fiat: Ngo ya hae i
mbyatamani, he has got a flat nose. cf. -pyatamana. caus. -mbyatamanisa
(mbyatamanisize) or -mbyatameka (mbyatamekile) to make fiat: U sike wa
 mbyatameka piza ya hao, be careful not to flatten the pot that you are
forming.
mbyumbyulu, n. (1) high in the at-mosphere: Ligulai ha–ata lifufa mwa
mbyumbyulu, aeroplanes often fly in the upper atmosphere. (2) abyss. (very
deep in water): Ha u nwezi mwa mbyumbyulu hakuna so bona, when you dive
into very deep water, there is nothing that you can see.
me, (bo-) n. (my) mother (often used in the plural with the same meaning)
this word me is also used as a friendly and respectful term in addressing
any woman: Bo me, a mu ni teeleze hande, mother (or lady, or ladies)
please listen to me carefully.
mebo, n. Luyana. wind syn. moya.
meiwiy (bo-) n. Luyana. kind of bird (white-faced duck, whistler).
-mela (melile) v.i. to grow, to spring, to sprout. der. simela, syn. -sipuka.
rel. -melela (melezi) to grow: Ku melela meno kwahaiimu ki bumai, to grow
the upper teeth first brings misfortune caus. -melisa (melisize) to make
grow: Pula ha i sika melisa hande lico unomwaha, the rain did not help
the crops to grow much this year. int. -melelela (melelezi) (the com-plete
crop etc.) to spring up: Mbonyi i melelezi kaufela mwa simu, all the maize
sprang up suc-cessfully in the garden. freq. -melanga to have the habit of
growing Mwa masimu a ba ba–wi mbonyi i melanga hande, ku na nya; maize
usually grows very well in some gardens, but not in mine ref. -imelela
(imelezi) to spring up naturally without the aid of man: Li imelezi fela
ha li sika calwa ki mutu, they just sprang up, they were not sown by
anyone.
-mema (memile) v.t. to invite, to request. der. mumemi, memo. rel. -memela
(memezi) to call to, to invite on another's behalf: U ba memela kwa lico,
he calls them to the meal. int. -memelela (memelezi) to invite everybody.
memo, n. invitation. (from -mema).
membela, n. sour milk (not curdled) syn. maembela. cf. mafi.
mendai, n. water from the Zambezi spreading over the Plain at the be-ginning
of flood season: Mezi a mendai a maswe ku a nwa, the flood water is
dangerous to health.
-meneka (menekile) v.i. Luyana. to go somewhere very early. syn. -pakela, -
shituka. rel. -menekela (menekezi) to go early to: Kamuso ni ka menekela
kwa Mongu, I shall go early to Mongu tomorrow. caus. -menekisa
(menekisize) to help to rise early
-menga (mengile) v.i. to wag the tail (fish or dog) int. -mengelela (meng-
elezi) to wag its tail (as a dog when seeing its master or before food)
-menuha (menuhile) v.i. to come back syn. -kuta. rel. -menuhela (menuhezi) to
come back from somewhere fig. to turn against, to turn away from:
Mulikanaka kacenu u ni menuhezi, my friend has turned against me today.
syn. -kwenuhela, -tanuhela. ref. -imenu-bela (imenuhezi) to turn against
tone another.
-menya (menyize) v.i. to smile, to be delighted der. Iumenyo. rel. -me-X
tayeza (menyelize) to smile at: Mwana wa ni menyeza, the child is y
smiiing at me. caus. -menyisa (menyisize) to cause someone to “smile.
freq. -menyanga to smile all the time for no reason. red. (menya-menyize)
same as freq.
mesinja (bo-) n. Eng. messenger
meeto, n. pl. see liito.
meyana (bo- or li-) n. wife of a member of the royal family.
mezi, n. water: yemezi, wet, fresh {meat, fish, grass, etc.) fig. beer: Haesu
kacenu ku na ni tumezi, kono :~ lõi twa ku lekisa, there is beer in the ?
village today, but it is for sale
mi,~ pl. pref. of nouns belonging to class mu-mi. -
mi,2 pers. pron. obj. you pl: Lwa mi ¿ $Álata kaufela, we love you all.
mi,3 conj. and (generally between sentences).
micoko, n. pl. strips out along large fish to help them to dry
micomibi, n. pl. Luyana. greediness in eating or drinking. (from -ca).
mie or miye, (li-) n. bad temper, character difficult to please.
mifelo, n. pl. style in which Malozi used to build their houses long ago:
Imwambo ki sitino sa Mulena wa pili wa Malozi ni kacenu mandu a teni ki a
mifelo Imwambo is the royal burial place of the first King of the Aluyi,
and houses there are today still built in the original Aluyi style.

mifonko, n. hunger, starvation. syn. tala.

mihela, n. manner of wandering about. (from -hela).
mihubo, n. manner of grazing early in the morning without being milked:
Likomu li ile mihubo, the cattle left the kraal before being milked. fig.
hunger
mikangabishi, n. pl. generic name for any kind of African medicine
mikokepule, n. Luyana. invitation of troubles, bringing problems.
mikoloto, n. quarrelling, wrestling
mikungo, n. pl. things belonging to a dead person.
mikwalelo, n. pl. poles put across the entrance to a kraal.
milalilali, n. pl. medicines of var-ious kind which are ineffective: Lu bata
likalafo zende, mo ku sina mila-lilali yemi–ata, we want effective
treatments, not just medicines which are useless.
milapelo, n. prayers (esp. of inter-cession) (from: -laela).
milema, n. Luyana. darkness. syn. lififi.
mili, (li-) n. puff-adder. syn. sibili.
mili,2 n. pl. Luyana. roots of corn plant.
milili, n. pl. hair (head) MililEya na-katenge, curly hair: milili ya liaci,
soft hair.
milo, n. pl. sweet potato plant (off-sets runners of the plant)
milumbeko, n. praises. (from -lum-beka).
mima, n. pl. poles serving to strength a granary
mina,l emph. pers. pron. you (pl.): Mina mu hupula cwani? you, what do you
think?
-mina2 (minile) v.i. to swallow a lot of water, to get drowned caus. -minisa
(minisize) to push some-one's head under water to duck freq. for a long
time: Mina ba bahulu mu sike mwa no minisanga ba banyinyani ku mina, mu ka
tahisa kozi, you big boys, stop holding the little ones down under water,
or you will cause an accident. ref. -in~ (in~ze) to keep one an-other's
heads under water.
-mina3 (minile) v.t. to blow one's nose. der. mamina, lumina, rel. -minela
(minezi) to blow one's nose upon: Mulao wa sizo u tibela mutu ku
minelayomuhwi, the traditional law prevents anybody from blowing his nose
upon another. caus. -minisa (minisize) to help a child to blow his nose.
ine. -minula (minuzi) to clean a child's nose.
-mina4 (minile) v.t. to let out the whey from a calabash. rel. -minela
(minezi) to let out the whey for someones
-mina (minile) v.t. to turn up: ku mina mungundo, to turn up the lower end of
a garment. der. mumino. rel. -minela (minezi) to turn up the hem of a
garment for someone. inv. -minulula (minuluzi) to unstitch the hem of a
garment.
-minahana (minahani) v.i. to get folded: Lisila le li minahani, this material
is folded. fig. to go to and come back from somewhere. caus. -minahnya
(minahanyize) to fold.
minahano, n. pl. thoughts, reflexi-ons (from: -nahana) see: muna-hano.
minange, n. Luyana. my younger-brother; minowe, your younger brother, minae,
his younger brother. etc.
minapa-napa, n. scratches, lacera-tions, scars: Poho yani i lwana ahulu i
tezi minapa-napa, that bull over there is a fighter, for he is covered
with scars.
minga (li-) n. kind of small fish.

mingalato, n. endless altercations, disputes, quarrels: Luna lu pila ka

mingalato, our life is made up of disputes. cf. mipingo.
minganja, n. gathers, puckers, pleats.
-minulusa (minulusize) v.t. to pour out the last drop.
-minuluseza (minuluselize) to ~ for someone. int. -minuluseleza (minu-
luselize) to pour out completely the contents of a calabash, a bottle,
etc., ref. -iminuluseza (imi-nuluselize) to pour out the last drop for
oneself.
minya, n. Iarge deep wrinkles.
-minyalala (minyalalile) v.i. to straighten oneself up because of pain. der.
siminya. caus. -minyala-lisa (minyalalisize) to cause some-one to
straighten himself up. ref. -iminyalalisa (iminyalalisize) to straighten
oneself up.
-minyauka (minyaukile) or -min-yoka (minyokile) v.i. (1) to meander (river),
to snake, to wind about, to zigzag: Mbumbe yani ba i pumile toho, se
minyauka Jela, they cut off the head of that cobra, now it is just
writhing about. (2) to wriggle, to frisk: Singanga yo ha zibi ku bina, u
minyauka-minyauka fela, this medicine man does not know how to dance, he
is just frisking about. caus. -minysukisa (minyaukisize) to cause to
meander, etc.
minyepezi, n. eye secretion (caused by eye-ailment).
Minyolui, n. Luyana. Bulozi Prime Minister. syn. ngambela, sope, muswa.
-minyuka (minyukile) v.i. to be bent towards, to be turned up: cf. -obama
rel. -minyukela (minyukezi) to be bent towards, to be turned up: Mulomo wa
hae u minyukezi mwahalimu, his upper-lip is turned up. caus. -minyukisa
(minyukisize) to cause to sulk: Usike wa minyuki-0 seza mulomo wa hao
mwahalimu ha ni ku eleza, do not sulk when I give you advice.
-minyuna (minyuzi) v.t. to bend, to curve, to blunt, to cause to sag: Ndombe
i minyuzi muwayo wa ka, a barble fish bent my fishing-spear. fig. to
throttle; U. sabe ba bahulu ba Z ku nunyuna, keep away from old pople or
they will throttle you rel. -minyunela (minyunezi) to bend someone's tool,
etc: I se li la bubeli a ni minyunezi muhuma wa ka, for the second time
now he has bent my hoe. caus. -minyunisa (minyuni-bize) to cause to bend,
to curve ht. -minyunelela (minyunelezi) to bend completely. minyongonya,
n. llidney beans. syn. manawa. cf. mu-~yongonya.
mioko, n. tears (weeping) see -^uoko.
mipateho, n. pl. occupations (keep-i ng someone very busy) (from -tteha).
mipingo, n. pl. disputes, alterca-lions, quarrels. cf. mingalato.: Ba 'nwile,
se ba kala mipingo ya bona . cwale, they are drunk, so they are [ starting
their quarrels now. fig. frightening, manifestations of [ witchcraft power
in a witchdoctor who is in a trance: Pili na eza ma-18 shakambila, cwale
sa kalisa mipingo ya hae u bata ku swala baloi, up to [ now he has been
going into trances, but now possessed, he is - starting his fearsome
prancing f about in order to point out the sorcerers.
mishoboto, n. pl. whisperings. (from -shobota).
mishulundu, n. pl. traces of water on the body. (tears, sweat, urine,
etc.) or on the walls of a house with a leaking roof.
misili, n. soot, black dirt under pots.
misisi, n. pl. blades of hoes worn down to a very small size. cf. kabeme.
miswalo, n. inclination to work: Mwanana yo ni mu latela miswalo ya hae, I
like this child for his willingness to work. (from -swala).
mitaba, n. pl. trips journeys: Mutu yo nako kaufela ki wa mitaba, this man is
always on the move.
mitebe, n. pl. Luyana. facts. (from -tebeta).
mitolo, n. pl. bad omen, wonder; something extraordinary, unusual: Ni na ni
mitolo, ni katani simono-lEywa si nze si zamaya, I am under the influence
of a bewitching ill-omen because I saw a kind of blind snake crawling on
the path. (from -tola).
mitolowani, n. pl. upper part of loins.
mitu, n. Luyana. witchcraft medi-cine introduced in the body by means of
liquids or scarifications (a person fearing that he was to be killed by
another would take this medicine in order to give himself power after
death (if it came) to kill his murderer and also the murderer's family).
(from bitula). cf. muyenabo.
miye, li- n. bad temper, character difficult to please.
miyongo, n. pl. noise made by many people speaking together
-miza (mizize) v.t. to swallow. der. mumizo, fig. to surpass. rel. -mizeza
(mizelize) to swallow for someone: Mwananayo u lila hahulu, a mu yo ni
bizeza singolongoma si to ni mizeza yena, this child cries too much, ask
the ogre to come and swallow him up caus. -mizisa (mi-zanga to have the
habit of swal-lowing: U sike wa mizanga buhobe bo bun na, bu ta ku kama,
stop this habit of swallowing big pieces of buhobe or they will choke you
ref. -imizezs (imizelize) to swallow: U imizelize sisapo se si mu kamile,
he swallowed a bone which choked him idiom. exp. ku miza mati, to long
forl to crave for: ku mizisa mati, to make someone desire or crave for.
mizanda, n. disputes, quarrels (from -zanda)
mo, conj. as: mo u latela, as you like
mo,2, adv. where, there: Mo a li te–i, where he is; Ba te–i mo, they are
there
mokanitwa, adj. alone: Ni sitile mbonyi mokanitwa hona cwalo, I pounded the
maize alone.
moki (baoki), n. Luyana. traitor, be-trayer, deceiver cf. moleki. (from -
oka).
mokol (mioko) n. Luyana. dagger, poniard cf. mwele.
moko2 (mioko) n. marrow. (anat) fig. strength, energy (also mooko or muoko)
mokola (miokola) n. nose bleeding
mokwaa, interj. expressing wonder, amazement Ku lu siya lu li mokwaa! we were
greatly amazed
-mokwama (mokwami) v.i. (1) to fade, to wither; (2) to faint. fig. to wonder.
cf. -ketuka. caus. -mokwamisa (mokwamisize) to cause to fade, to cause to
faint, to cause to wonder.
moleki (bsoleki) n. Luyana. traitor, betrayer, deceiver cf. maki. (from -oka)
Molyange, (bsolyange) n. Luyana. my master, my lord (used only for the
Litunga) shangwe molyange, yes my lord (expression to be used when
answering a royal call )
momba (bo-) n. kind of bird (Ground Hornbill, Turkey Bus-sard).
mombecima, n. Luyana. serenity placidity, quietness of heart. syn. mombela.
(from -ombela).
mombela, n. Luyana. same as mom-becima.
mombo1 (miombo) n. kind of tree
mombo2 (miombo) n. kind of bird (Marabou-Stork).
mombocima, n. same as mombe-cima.
momo' n. shin, tibia
momo2 n. kind of tree, the root of which is used as a medicine.
momo3, adv. Lugana. well, all right
-momoka (momokile) v.i. (1) to fall off by bits, to disintegrate. (2) to come
off (scab on a wound) int. -momokelela (momokelezi) to fall off
 completely: Tapiya ka i momo-kelezi mikamba kaufela, ka ku sa oma hande,
my Flsh has completely fallen to pieces because it was not properly dried.
-momona (momozi) v.t. to take off a piece of something (fish). fig. to beat
severely rel. -momonela (mo-monezi) to take off a piece of something for
someone. caus. -mo-monisa (momonisize) to cause to take off a piece of
something int. -momonelela (momonelezi) to take off completely bit by bit.
freq. -mo-mauna (momauzi) to continually take of pieces of something. fig.
to beat again and again unmercifully
-momotoka (momotokile) v.i. to dis-integrate fig. to cry without reason, to
cry over trifies der. Iimomo. caus. -momotokisa (momo-tokisize) to cause
disintegration Pula i momotokisize sitina sa luna, our bricks have
disintegrated be-cause of the rain; to cause some one to whimper, to
whine, to ;snivel: Se si mu momotokisa cwalo ki butuku bwa sitombo sa hae,
it is ;,the pain caused by his abscess that makes him whimper like this.
freq. snomotokanga to have the habit of .whimpering. ref. -imomotokisa
(imomotokisize) to whimper in order to attract attention. syn. -iti-.Usa.
mondo,~ n. kind of bush growing in the plain, the smell of which is ex-
tremely disagreeable.
mondo2 n. small drum used at the big-court in Lealui to start and stop ework.
-monga (mongile) v.t. to pluck, to cull, to pick, to gather (fruit, veg-
Xetables, etc.) der. mumongi. cf. -koyola. rel. -mongela (mongezi) to
pluck, to gather for someone: A Dmu yo ni mongela shombo, go and fetch
some cassava leaves for me. caus. -mongisa (mongisize) to help, to pluck.
int. -mongelela (monge-bzi) to pluck, to gather the whole lot. freq. -
monganga to have the ¥ habit of plucking: Kamita mu no ‚ monganga shombo
yende, whenever you pluck cassava leaves, please choose good ones. ref. -
imongela (imongezi) to pluck for oneself.
-monga-monga (monga-mongile) v.i. to be full of self-admiration. syn. -
inyaka. cf. -mongosha. rel. -monga-mongela (monga-mongezi) to admire
oneself somewhere: Zamaya, a yo tnonga-mongela koo, go and admire yourself
some-where else; to act in self-admira-tion in order to attract someone's
attention: Mutu yo ki wa muila ku wena, u sike wa mu monga-mongela cwalo!
do not invite that person's attention, you have no right to do so. caus. -
monga-mongiss (monga-moqgisize) to induce someone to act in self-
admiration in order to invite attention. ref. -imonga-monga . (imonga-
mongile) to give one's airs.
mongi1 (ba-) n. Luyana. cheater, de-ceiver. (from -onga;)
mongi2 n. a person expert in mend-ing fishing nets. (from -onga)
mongo (miongo) n. Luyana. the back (anat.) syn. mukokoto.
mongola (miongola) n. (1) spine, backbone. (2) top of a rectangular house,
coping, (of a building) (3) keel of a barge, ship, etc.
mongomani, n. over-stretching: Katwa ka ka ka shwile mongomani, my snare has
no spring left in it. (from -ongomana) fig. a person bent with age.
-mongosha (mongoshile) v.i. to have affectations in order to draw people's
attention. cf. -monga-monga. rel. -mongoshela (mongo-shezi) to act in
order to attract people's attention.
-mongoshola (mongoshozi) v.i. same as mongosha. ref. -imongoshola
(imongoshozi) to give oneself importance in order to attract atten-tion .
mongu or mungu, n. promontory. syn. sungo.
mongwamui (miongwamui) n. Luyana. kind of tree bearing edible nuts and
remaining leafless for half the year. (tree believed to be thunderbolt-
proof). syn. mung-ongo.
-monkoka (monkokile) v.i. to get broken at the rim (clay pot, etc . . .) syn.
-ketuha
-monkola (monkozi) v.t. to notch or break slightly. syn. -ketula. rel. -
monkolela (monkolezi) to notch for someone: A ku monkolele munyanta hao
kwa mwanja wo, break off a piece of this manioc for your brother
-monyeha (monyehile) v.t. to light to lighten, to illuminate. der. Iumo-nyi,
kamonyimonyi, simonyehiso, simonyeka. fig. to spread, to scat-ter news.
rel. -monyehela (monye-hezi) to give light to, to light the way for
someone- to lead, to guide, caus. -monyehisa (monyehi-size) to help
illuminate, to help to show the way. freq. -monyehanga to have the habit
of lighting, of showing the way. ref. -imonyehela (imonyehezi) to light a
torch or a lamp in order to see one's way. -monyeka (monyokile) v.i. to be
same as-monyeha.
-monyoka (monyokile) v.i. to be sprained syn. -leuka.
-monyona (monyozi) v.t. to sprain. syn. -kya.
mooko1 (mioko) n. marrow (anat.) fig. strength, energy: Wena ha u na mooko u
londile, you where is your energy, you are just lethargic ! also moko or
moko.
mooko2 (mioko) n. tear: Ha sika lotisa ni haiba mooko ulimu–wi, he did not
weep, nor shed a single tear. (also muoko).
moola (bo-) n. Luyana. child more beloved than others: Ne ba sina mwana
moola, ne ba ba lata kaufela they had no child they preferred they loved
them all. (from -ola).
moonda, n. the day after the new moon. (occasion of rejoicing in Bulozi
capitals)
moopi (baopi) n. see muopi.
moowa (miowa) n. any straight thing moowa wa nja, a fine slim dog; moowa wa
mukolo, a long-well-shaped canoe; moowa wa kota, a fine big tree.
mota (li-) n. Eng. motor car
-motwama (motwami) v.t. to enter somewhere in great numbers: Ni fumani
likomu li motwami mwa simu ya ka, l found a great number of cattle in my
field; Nifumanisitindi ki kale ba si motwama there were already a great
numbŽr of people in the fishing place by the time I arrived.
moya1 (mioya) n. (1) wind, air; (2) spirit, ghost, soul; Moya o Kenile, the
Holy Spirit. fig. tale bearer.
moya2 (mioya) n. kind of illness, connected with superstitious be-liefs.
moyo1 (mioyo) n. Luyana. spirt, soul
Moyo2 (Bo Moyo) n. Litunga's senior wife.
mpako (li-) n. hole in a tree.
mpala (li-) n. circumcised penis, wa mpala, circumcised person.
mpalila, adv. far away: masimu a bona a kwa mpalila, their gardens are far
away.
mpama (li-) n. smack on the cheek, slap. syn. lubaka
mpasu (li-) n. grasshopper.
mpi (li-) n. Sotno. regiment, army on the march.
mpisi (li-) n. big hollow mpo (li-) n. gift, present. (from: -fa).
mpwali (li-) n. kind of grass (used to sip liquid), straw
mpwito (li-) n. hole made in a thick layer of grass to enable fresh and clear
drinking water to be drawn.
mpye (li-) n. ostrich.
mu,1 (1) pref. sing. nouns belonging to class: 'mu-ba' and 'mupmi'; (2) pers.
pron. subj. (2nd pers. pl) you: Mu lu lEyehisize, you have delayed us; (3)
pron. sing. obj. of nouns be-longing to class: 'mu-ba' nÀ mu boni mahani,
I saw that lady yesterday.
mu2 (li-) n. kind of large fish.
muabi (ba-) n. distributer, bes-tower, dispenser. (from: -aba).
mualabelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is answering a question. (from: -
alaba).
mualafelo (mi-) n. way in which a doctor, a nurse or a dresser is nursing a
patient. (from: -alafa).
mualafi (ba-) n. doctor, nurse, dres-ser. (from: -alafa).
mualala (mi-) n. sandy portion of a river or lake covered by shallow water.
mualunguti (ba-) n. someone who sorts through things in order to ;Emd
something required. (from: -oiunguta)
muambakani, n. the one who is sbove everything (applied to God or to a King).
(from: -ambakana).
muambeso (mi-) n. pole used in the constructionof a granary.
muamboli (ba-) n. a person talking to another one: Muamboli wa litaba ki
Siyanga, Siyanga is the person who reported the matter. (from: -ambola).
muandamena (bo-) n. Luyana. some-one expecting to inherit. (from: -andamena).
muandeko, n. Luyana. reed-mat stretched between two reed fishing-traps
(from:-andeka).
muangalwa, n. quietness, joyfulness, happiness: Kacenu ha na rnuanga/wa
kakuli u tahezwi ki mas-wabi, today he is not happy, for he has received
bad news; Maswabi a feEle, sa na ni muangalwa kwa batu, his sadness is
over and he is now enjoying speaking to people. (from: -anguluka).
muanyisezo (mi-) n. way in which a mother is feeding a baby. (from: -nya).
muanyisi (ba-) n. wet nurse, anyone feeding a baby. (from: -anya).
mua–uli, (ba-) n. foster parent, guardian (from:-a–ula).
muspalelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is dressed. (from: -apala)
muapei (ba-) n. cook. (from: -apea)
muapelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is cooking, iS preparing a meal (from:-
apea).
muapositola (ba-) n. Eng. apostle.
muatamelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is opening the mouth, is yawning.
(from: -atama).
muatulelo (mi-) n. way in which a judge is passing a sentence (from: -atula)
muatuli (ba-) n. judge, arbitrator. (from: -atula).
mubaba (mi-) n. kind of tree (its leaves are used to cure coughing).
(Piliostigma thonningii).
mubabala (mi-) n. confetti tree (Maytenus senegalensis).
mubabaleli (ba-) n. caretaker. (from: -babalela).
mubafu (mi-) n. kind of tree (its roots are used in the preparation of
fecundity medicines).
mubako (mi-) n. kind of tree used (as is the muhoto tree) for making poles,
stamping poles, etc . . . this tree is very often struck by lightn-ing.
mubala1 (mi-) n. colour.
mubala2 (ba-) n. new comer in a vil-lage, woman recently married who has not
yet tilled her garden in her new village !
mubalehi (ba-) n. runaway, fugitive. refugee (from:-baleha).
mubalelo (mi-) n. manner in which someone is reading. (from: -bala).
mubali (ba-) n. reader, counter. (from: -bala).
mubamba (mi-) n. row, line, file: Mi-bamba ya hae i namile hande, kanti u
ziba ku luka miseme, well, he knows how to weave mats, his lines are very
straight. cf. muko-loko.
mubandelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is giving first shape to a carved
object, a canoe, etc ... (from: -banda).
mubandi (ba-) n. someone giving first shape to a canoe, a sculpture, etc . .
. (from: -banda)
mubanga (mi-) n. kind of tree. (Af-rormosia angolensis).
mubangi (ba-) n. Luyana. medicine man, African doctor. (from: -banga).
mubanji (ba-) n. keeper and distrib-uter (from:-banja).
mubano (mi-) n. common level, or-dinary level. sp. exp. Yena u zwile mubano
ku ba ba–wi kaufela, that man is not on the sŒme level as all other
people, he stands head and shoulder above the rest.
mubaso (mi-) n. paint, varnish. (from: -basa).
mubapalelo (mi-) n. manner in which children are playing. (from: -bapala).
mubapali (ba-) n. player (in a game) (from:-bapala).
mubapuli (ba-) n. a person stretch-ing a hide with pegs; a person peg-ging a
tent. (from: -bapula).
mubatelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is (1) searching; (2) look-ing for a
wife. (from: -bata).
mubati (ba-) n. (1) seeker; (2) some-one looking for a wife. (from: -bata)
mubebelo (mi-) n. manner of giving a smooth finish to a wood-work (canoe, etc
. .) (from: -beba).
mubebi (ba-) n. Luyana. someone who knows how to smooth pad-dles, canoes, etc
. . with hatchets and adzes (from: -beba).
mubei (ba-) n. someone placing things (from:-bea)
mubekelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is cutting meat into strips in order
to make biltong. (from: -beka).
mubeki (ba-) n. a person cutting meat into strips in order to dry it (from: -
beka)
mubelu-belu (mi-) n. sudden appear-ance and disappearance (from: -beluka).
cinema, bioscope.
mubeleki (ba-) n. Iabourer, worker, employee (from:-beleka)
mubelekisi (ba-) n. employer. (from: -beleka).
mubeleko (mi-) n. remunerated work. employment, job (from: -beleka)
mubeli (baubeli) n. a person whose occupation is to make dikes. (from: -
ubela).
mubelukela (mi-) n. sudden appari-tion. (from: -beluka).
mubemi (mi-) n. kind of tree (its leaves are used as an aphrodisiac).
mubenabeni (b) n. someone who does not stay long at one place (from: -
benabena)
mubesi (ba-) n. a person roasting cassava roots, maize ears, etc .. . on
embers. (from: -besa).
mubeteki (ba-) n. traitor, treacher-ous person. (from: beteka
mubetelo (mi-) n. way in which a sculptor or a carpenter is working (from: -
beta).
mubeti (ba-) n. carpenter, cabinet maker. (from: -beta).
mubeto (mi-) n. Iarge snare for catching animals.
mubeuli (ba-) n. shaver. barber (from: -beula).
mubeyeki (ba-) n. same as mubeteki.
mubihi (ba-) n. person reporting matters, a reporter (from: -biha).
mubila (mi-) n. cattle-path.
mubilaeli (ba-) n. a dissatisfied, di-sappointed person, plaintiff. (from: -
bilaela), complainant.
mubili (mi-) n. body

mubilo (mi-) n. kind of small tree bearing edible fruit

mubinelo (mi-) n. manner in which someone is dancing. (from: -bina)
mubingu (mi-) n. tribute, the chieFs share of fish put on one side from the
catch by the fishermen them-selves (from:-binguta).
mubingutelo (mi-) n. way in which fishermen are putting aside from their
catch, the Litunga's share. (from: -binguta)
nubinguti (ba-) n. person collecting mubingu, (from: -binguta)
mubini (ba-) n. dancer. (from: -bina).
mubinyambango, adv. exp. Luyana. straight forwardly (when speak-ing).
mubisi (mi-) n. root. fig. beginning, foundation: Lu bata ona mubisi wa taba
ye, what we want is the truth behind the case.
mubizezo (mi-) n. way in which someone is calling. (from: -biza).
mubokwe (mi-) n. gap left by miss-ing teeth, M wanana yo ki wa mu-bokwe, this
child has just lost his tooth.
mubombo (mi-) n. kind of tree (the bark of which was formerly used by some
tribes in making clothes) (brachystegia boehmii).
mubonda (mi-) n. Luyana. great of-fence, crime. (from: -bonda)
mubondi (ba-) n. Luyana. (1) stirrer of buhobe. (2) rope-twister (3)
murderer. (from: -bonda).
mubondo (mi-) n. sewn top of a hut roof
mubongani (ba-) n. restless person. (from -bongana).
muboni (ba-) n. spectator, eye wit-ness: Mwa koziye tahilefani, baboni ki
bafi? in that accident who were the eye witnesses? (from -bona)
mubonisi (ba-) n. demonstrator. (from -bona)
mubotana (ba-) n. poor, indigent person. syn. mufuzana, njebwe. (from: -
botana)
muboti (ba-) n. Luyana. person doctor who rubs ointment onto patients tfrom-
bota)
mubu (mi-) n. soil, ground, land.
mubua-bui (ba-) n. Sotho. talker, tale-bearer, chatter-box, syn. sibua-bui.
(from -bua).
mububu (mi-) n. kind of tree (its bark is used in the preparation of a
medicine believed to protect people involved in court cases.)
mubuelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is skinning an animal. (from -bua)
mubuhi (ba-) n. a person admiring, staring at. (from -buha).
mubui (ba-) n. a person skinning an animal. (from -bua).
mubukeleli (ba-) n. a person looking afterthings,property (from-buke-lela).
children, etc very carefully
mubukuli (ba-) n. person who des-poils, who robs others, exploiter (from -
bukula)
mubula (mi-) n. kind of tree (bear-ing edible fruit and also much used in
carpentry ) (Hissing tree, cork tree) (Parinari mobola)
mubulaelo (mi-) n. way in which someone, kills, murders. (from -bulaya)
mubulai (ba-) n. murderer, assassin (from -bulaya)
mubulelelo (ml-) n. manner of talk-ing, way in which someone is talk-ing- Ni
ziba mubulelelo wa hae umaswe, I know that his way oi talking is not very
pleasant. (From -bulela0.
mubuleli (ba-) n. (1) speaker, some-one who spreads news (2) evangelist.
(from -bulela).
Mubulo (la) n. Sotho. Monday (the day opening the week.) (from -bula) ka la
Mubulo, on Monday syn. Ia Manda.
mubulu (ma-) n. Boer (Afrikaner).
mubuluki (ba-) n. someone keeping goods or money for another. (from -buluka)
mubundululo, n. grain pounded and sifted for the second time. (from-
bundulula) cf. mulengo.
mubunu (ma-) n. see mubulu.
mubupelo (mi-) n. style in which somebody is forming clay (from -bupa)
mubupi (ba-) n. potter; the creator. (from -bupa). cfl Nyambe, Mulimu.
mubusezo (mi-) n. way in which someone is governing. (from -busa).
mubusi (ba-) n. ruler, monarch (from -busa).
mubusisi (ba-) n. councillor; (for-merly one governing others) (a word now
regaining its original use). (from -busa)
mubuso (mi-) n. government, state, kingdom.
mubuyelelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is breathing (from -buyela)
mubuyu (mi-) n. baobab tree. (Adansonia digitata).
mubuyungi (ba-) n. great eater. (from -buyunga) syn. muci.
mubuzezo (mi-) n. manner of asking questions. (from -buza).
mubuzi (ba-) n. someone inquiring, asking questions. (from -buza)
mubyangi (ba-) n. gleaner. (from -buyanga).
mucaba (mi-) n. kind of big tree (producing latex.)
mucaeli (ba-) n. driver (Scotch-cart). (from -caela) syn. mukwsezi.
mucaha (mi-) n. a youth. syn. mu-tangana.
mucalelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is planting. (from -cala).
mucali (ba-) n. sower. (from -cala)
mucalifa (bo-) n. heir, heiress. (from -ca).
mucapi (mi-) n. cold drink.
mucato (mi-) n. marriage certificate (from -cata).
mucatomu (mi-) n. kind of bird (Wattled Crane).
mucaulelo (mi-) n. way in which sol-diers are marching or doing physi-cal
exercises (from -caula).
mucaulisezo (mi-) n. way in which officers are commanding (match-ing troops
or troops doing physical exercises) (from -caula).
mucaulisi (ba-) n. officer command-ing marching troops or drilling sol-diers
(from -caula).
muceke (mi-) n. Iarge basket.
mucelol (mi-) n. wild tuberous plant (often eaten in the past by starving
people).
mucelo2 (mi-) n. way in which some-one is eating (from -ca). syn. mu-lielo
mucembele (ma-) n. old person: Ki hande ku yabuka macembele mwa nzila, it is
a good habit to give way to old people. (from -cembala).
muchenje (mi-) n. kind of tree; edible fruit of the same. syn. mu-tunda.
muci (ba-) n. great eater. syn. mu-buyungi, fig. grave digger. (from: -ca)
mucici, n. manner of drinking most of the contents of a cup at one go: Kamita
yena u nwa buswala mucici, he always takes a long draught when drinking
beer.
mucilambumu, n. Luyana. manner of respecting, of fearing the laws enforced by
the Litunga. (from -cila).
mucimbacimbi n. destitute person (from: -cimbama).

mucimbami (mi-) n. any floating object. (from -cimbama).

mucimbuli (ba-) n. (1) someone who lifts anything out of water. (2) res-cuer-
a person who saves someone from drowning; fig. someone help-ing a
destitute person (from -cim-bula). )
mucinga (mi-) n. kind of tree bear-ing edible fruit.
mucisi (ba-) n. incendiary. (from -ca).
mucobacobi (ba-) n. restless person. flg. inquisitive person person re-
vealing secrets. (from cobacoba)
mucobi (ba-) n. (1) someone who shuffics playing cards. (from -coba). (2) a
good cyclist. (from -coba)
mucoko (mi-) n. tasteless kind of pumpkin. fig. Iazy person.
mucokoli (ba-) n. someone husking grains by stamping. (from-cokola) cf.
musnengi.
mucokomi (ba-) n. stabber syn. mu-fokozi, mufukuzi, (from sokoma).
mucokwe, n. habit of doing things slowly and unwillingly.
mucolauli (ba-) n. flatterer, adula-tor, cajoler. (from -colaula).
muconconono (mi-) n. anything of great length; muconconano wa kota, a very
tall tree, muconconono wa lipalo, a long number, muconco-nono wa naleli,
comet.
mucoocoo, n. mortality (among cattle or human beings): Ba munzi wani ba
kenezwi ki mucoocoo, the mortality is very great in that vil-lage.
mucopwetelo (mi-) n. way in which f someone is stopping leaks in a canoe or a
barge (from -copweta).
mucopweti (ba-) n. a person stop-ping leaks in a barge or a canoe (from: -
copweta)
mudala (ma-) n. an old person.

muekezi (ba-) n. exaggerator. (from -ekeza)

muele (mi-) n. Luyana. Iong African double-edged knife.
muelembo (mi-) n. Luyana. manner of roaming about seeing friends (from -
elemba).
muelezi (ba-) n. adviser, counsellor, admonisher (from-eleza).
muelo (ba-) n. Luyana. stupid person. syn. sitoto, sikuba. (from: -eluba).
muebami (ba-) n. someone leaning forward in order to hear a conver-sation.
fig. importunate, trouble-some person. (from -embama).
muembatami (ba-) n. tale bearer, spreader of news. (from: -vmbama).
muyemeli (ba-) n. advocate, de-fender. (from -yemela).
muenda-ku-mongo, n. Luyana. child brought to the new 'father' when its mother
remarries, step-child
muendebo, n. Luyana. salutation: Farewell, go well (parting words used to the
one leaving, wishing him well). cf. musialebo. (from: -enda)
muenduko,l n. (taken adverbially) down stream (from -enduka) cf. musweto.
muenduko2 (mi-) n. one of the Li-tunga's drums (beaten twice per day for
reveille and curfew)
muendela (mi-) n. agitation. (from -enda), constant movement
muenge (mi-) n. thick and slimy saliva
muenyena (mi-) n. Iukewarmness, gentle heat (fig. also of people) (from -
enya.)
muenyi (ba-) n. guest, visitor, new-comer, stranger. syn. mupoti, mueti
mueteleli (ba-) n. Iader, precursor (from -etelela)
mueti1 (ba-} n. Sotho. guest, visitor, newcomer, stranger syn. mupoti,
muenyi.
mueti2 (ba-) n. Luyana, a sick person syn. mukuli.
muezalibi (ba-) n. sinner, evil doer. cf. sifosi, mufosi.
muezi (ba-) n. maker, doer (from -eza)
mufaho (mi-) n. provisions for a journey
mufahulelo (mi-) n. way in which someone castrates bulls (from -fahula)
mufahuli (ba-) n. a person expert in castrating bulls. (from -fahula)
mufalali (ba-) n. banished or exiled person fig. a dead person. (from: -
falala) .
mufali (ba-) n. a person who scrapes skins. (from: -fala).
mufalo, n. mortality (death of all, one after another cattle or human
beings). (from: -falala).
Mufana-limpo, n. the giver of all things, God (from: -fana)
mufanelo (mi-) n. way in which someone gives (from: -fana).
mufani (ba-) n. a generous person. (from -fana)
mufanunuti (mi-) n. Iittle scratch slight wound. (from: -fanuna). cf. munapa.
mufayeli (ba-) n. a person looking for something lost or hidden in the grass
fig. someone who guesses, who investigates secretly (from: -faya)
mufebi (ba-) n. Luyana. smoker snuffer. (from -feba).
mufela–eke, n. compassion, sympa-thy. syn. makeke, ma–eke.
mufelelezi (ba-) n. someone having authority of saying the last word in
disputes or contestations. (from: -feza) syn. mufezi.
mufenyi (ba-) n. Sotho. (1) conque-ror. victor, overcomer. (2) tire some
person: Mu zwise mufenyi yo fa kuta, please take that trouble-some person
out of court. (from: -fenya)
mufeto (mi-) n. sour milk from which butter has been rernoved (from: -feta).
mufetuli (ba-) n. translator; some-one changing things. (from: -fetula)
mufetuli (ba-) n. someone having authority to settle disputes or con-
testations. (from: -feza). syn. mufe-lelezi.
mufikelwa (mi-) n. head-cold, vio-lent cold.
mufilifili (mi-) n. disturbance, con-fusion, disorder, trouble riot (from- -
filikana). syn. kaliiabule. cf. musolokoto.
mufilikanyi (ba-) n. trouble-maker mischief-maker, agitator (from:-
filikanya).
mufinyana or mufinyani (mi-) n. handle (hoe, axe, etc . ) By ex-tension: axe.
hfufnyana wa ka-bemba, razor
mufitanzila (ma-) n. passer-by. syn. Iifitanzila, liendanzila. (from:-fita).
mufiti (ba-) n. passer-by. (from: -fita). mufiyelelo (mi-) n. way in which
someone is sweeping (from: -fiyela).
mufiyeli (ba-) n. sweeper. (from: -fiyela).
mufocolelo (mi-) n. way in which someone shovels (from:-focola).
mufocoli (ba-) n. someone who shovels (from:-focola)
mufohola (mi-) n. beam or cord on which clothes are put
mufokoli (ba-) n. a weak person. fig. a poor scholar (from: -fokola).
mufokolo (mi-) n. weakness. (from: -fokola).
mufolisi (ba-) n. healer, doctor (from: -fola)

mufolo (mi-) n. Eng. furrow.

Mufolomi (ba-) n. brick-maker (from: -foloma).
mufosi-(ba-) n. wrongdoer, evil-doer, delinquent, sinner (from:-fosa). cf.
muezalibi.
mufu (ba-) n. Luyana. a dead fpelson. syn. mushu2, mushwi. (from: -fa).
mufuafui (ba-) n. a person who is often dilatory, a person always Sslow in
starting. (from: -fusfua). syn. siliyaliyi.
mufubakati. n. Luyana. (1) second wife, rival wife. (2) second helping
(snuff).
mufubalume (ba-) Luyana. a man who has taken someone's wife, or someone whose
wife has been taken by another man.
mufufelo (mi-) n. flight. (bird, plane). (from -fufa).
mufufisezo (mi-) n. way in which a pilot flies a plane, a jet. (from fufa).
mufufisi (ba-) n. pilot. (from -fufa)
mufufulelwa (mi-) n. (1) perspira-tion, sweat, (2) splash of rain through a
door. (from -fufulelwa) cf. mufufuzo.
mufufuzo (mi-) n. perspiration, sweat. (from -fufulelwa). cf. mufu-fulelwa.
mufuka (mi-) n. tare weed.
mufukulo (mi-) n. Iight food for sick people. (from -puka).
mufula 1 (mi-) n. kind of tree the roots of which are used in baske-try.
mufula2 (mi-) n. one of the Litunga's drunws (linked to the Malozi ori-gins).
mufula3 n. a,~elEing of the testicles. mufuluheldjrd,lbrn. way in which
someone is ~paddling. (fromÈ,, fuluha). ~
mufuluhi (ba-) n. paddler, carsman. (from -fuluha).
mufumahali (ba-) n. honoured wife, lady, Queen.
mufumbo1 (mi-) n. intention, plan; threat (from-fumba).
mufumbo2 (mi-) n. ability to remain a long time without breathing (under
water or when taking a long drink).
mufumi (ba-) n. a rich person. (from -fuma).
mufunda (mi-) n. trace made on the ground to mark the place of awall, of a
hedge, of a yard. (from -funda)
mufundeli (ba-) n. someone using charms to frighten thieves. (from -fundela).
mufundi (ba-) n. someone who .steals from a relative. (from -funda).
mufunga (mi-) n. design round a pot or wooden plate.
mufungelo (mi-) n. work consisting of tying up cattle for the night: Mwa
mufungelo wa hae kamita likomu li cela batu, there is always damage done
when it is his turn to tie up the cattle for the night. (from -funga).
mufungi (ba-) n. someone whose work is to tie up the cattle for the night.
(from -funga).
mufungisi (ba-) n. someone helping to tie up the cattle for the night. (from
-funga).
mufunguli (ba-) n. someone who takes a decision; someone who condemns to
death. (from -fung-ula).
mufungululi (ba-) n. someone unty-ing cattle. (from -funga).
mufungulwa (bo-) n. Luyana. (1) someone appointed by a person in authority to
go on an errand; (2) someone condemned to death.
mufuse, n. hot ashes.

mufuta (mi-) n. kind, sort, type, variety. sjpec. exp. ya mufuta, curi-ous,
singular, unusual.
mufutumala, n. warmth, heat; Cwale se ni kenwa ki mufutumala, now I am
starting to get warm. (from -futumala) .
mufutumazi (ba-) n. someone warming up water or food. (from -futumaza).
mufuzana (ba-) n. poor, indigent person. syn. njebwe, mubotana.
mufuzelil (ba-) n. a person blowing the fire (from -fuzela).
mufuzeli2 (ba-) n. a person mixing porridge with milk (from: -fuzela).
mugintuko (mi-) n. Toka. dancing for joy (as someone having a reason to
rejoice) (from -gintuka ;).
muhaesu (ba-) n. my wife or my hus-band: (the plural is used as interjection
under different forms, ba-haesu, basu, besu, basuni, etc., in-terjection
of fright, wonder, in-stant request or regret.
muhala (mi-) n. string, cord, rope; muhala wa lambi, wick. fig. a very thin
person.
muhalali (ba-) n. a displeased, dis-satisfied person (from -halala.)
muhali (ba-) n. a brave man, a cour-ageous warrior. cf. mundunganyi.
muhalizo (ba-) n. a rival wife of a polygamous marriage
muhamani (mi-) n. kind of tree fruit of the same.
muhamelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is milking animals. (from bama).
muhami (ba-) n. someone who milks animals. (from -hama).
muhanelo (mi-) n. (1) way in which someone refuses to obey; (2) way in which
a woman refuses to per-form conjugal duties. (from -hana). cf. mulelekelo.
muhanisi (ba-) n. a person who in- cites someone to refuse. (trom-hana).
muhaniwa (ba-) n. a person cast away: Mwanana yo ki muhaniwa, mu mu babalele
hande: this child has been rejected by his parents, take good care of him.
(from-hana).
muhanyezi (ba-) n. opponent, con-tradictor. (from -hanyeza).
muhapi (ba-) n. conqueror, some-one who takes possession by force. (from -
hapa)
muhapiwa (ba-) n. a person who has been captured, slave.: Mulao wa 1906, wa
Mulena Lewanika, u luku-luzi bahapEwa kaufela, Lewanika's law of 1906 set
free all slaves. (from -hapa).
muhata (mi-) n. tail, fiy-switch. fig. the bottom pupil in a class. idio.
exp. Komu ye toma muhatafafasi, a cow that over a period gives birth to
many calves.
muhatelo (mi-) n. way in which a person moves his feet when walk-ing or
dancing. (frpm bata).
muhatisezo (mi-) n. art of printing. (from -hatisa).
muhatisi (ba-) n. printer, publisher, editor (from -hatisa).
muhato (mi-) n. footstep, footprint, trace. (from -hata).
muhau1 n. Sotho. mercy, pity, com-passion, grace. (Rare). except in the
expression: Ha na muhau, he is unmerciful. (from -hauhela) syn. si-shemo.
mahau2n. drought.
muhazelo, n. cold: Muhazela u ni sweli; I feel cold. (from -hazela).
muhebahebi (ba-) n. a person run-ning about either rejoicing or in distress.
(from -heba-heba).
muhedeni (ba-) n. Sotho. heathen, pagan.
muhelaheli (ba-) n. person wan dering about, person who does not stay long at
one place. (from -hela). syn. mahela.
muhelimi (ba-) n. a person ram-bling, wandering about without purpose. (from
-helima).
muhoha (mi-) n. cattle killed on the occasion of a funeral.
muhohi (ba-) n. someone who pulls. (from -hoha).
muhohobi (ba-) n. a person crawl-sing, creeping. (from -hohoba).
muhole (mi-) n. Luvale witchcraft medicine. (This medicine is believed to
have the power of killing a person, of bringing him back to life after
burial, and of carrying him away to another country, al-though his body
remains in the grave. His spirit continues its existence unknown by any,
and even itself forgets the previous life.) (from -hola) syn. mutukule.
muholi (ba-) n. someone eating what remains in a pot or a dish. (from -hola).
mŸholisi (ba-) n. a person paying wages, or issuing food rations. (from -
hola).
muholu (mi-) n. stomach, tripe.
muhoma (mi-) n. witchdoctor, sor-cerer.
muhoni (ba-) n. snorer. (from -hona).
muhonono (mi-) n. kind of tree (the bark of its roots is used to stop leaks
in canoes).
muhonyi (mi-) n. snoring, snore. (from -hona).
muhoto (mi-) n. kind of tree (used, as is the mubako tree, for making
pestles.)
mububi (ba-) n. someone leading a group of people walking together; the
leading animal of a herd of cattle which are hurrying some-where. (from -
huba).

muhuhu (mi-) n. froth on milk (at the time of milking).

muhuhuli (ba-) nss§veepers someone removing rubbish. (trom -huhula).
muhukeli (ba-) n. a person stringing fish, stringing beadsz threading a
needle, etc . . (frorn -hukela).
muhulisi (ba-) n. educators parent foster parent, Buardian. (from hula)
muhuhulu (mi-) n- uriscraped hide. (from -huhubala)
muhuluhulu (mi-) n. kind of tree; bearing very sweet edible fruit cf.
lihuliuhulu. (small iRaffir Orange tree NR Strychnos cocculoides.)
muhulwani (ba-)n- elder brother or sister. (see: hulu)
muhuma (mi-) n. hoe, plough. id~;egn. exp. ku ~ilela fa muhuma, to cultivate
in order to get a living.
muhupulo (mi-) n. thoughts opinion, idea; muhupulo o tabela mutu taba ha i se
if elile. after-thOught. (from -hupula).
muhuwelezezo (mi-) r. way in which someone is calling, (from -huwe-leza)-
muhuwelezi (ba- )n. village crier. (from -huwelezn)
muhuwelezo (mi-) n. cry of cheerful-ness. (from -huwelexa).
muhuwelo (mi-) n. rnanner of call-ing. (fromshuwa).
muhuwo (mi-) n. cry, call. (from -huwa).
muhwahwa (ml-) n. kind of tree bearing edible fruits. cf. Iihwa-hawa. syn.
muwiwi.
muika (baika) n- monopolists mo-nopolizer, a boastFul or strong-headed person
muikaci (ba-) n. an arrogant, pre-tentiouS person- (from: -Ikaca).
muikaco, n. pretence~ self-impor-tance, arrogance. syn. buikaco, (from -
ikaca)

muikanyisi (baikanyisi) n. proud, disobedient person. (from -ika-nyisa).

muikanyiso, n. same as muikaco. (from -ikanyisa).
muikapali (baikapali) n. poor person unable to get clothes for himself. (from
-apala).
muikezezi (baikezezi) n. someone acting according to his own will
exclusively, (from -eza) self-reliant person.
muikokobezi (baikokobezi) n. a humble person. (from -kokobela).
muikulu (baikulu) n. grandchild, muikulyae, his grandchild. Bai-kulu-ba-
baikulu, progeny, off-spring, posterity.
muikumusi (baikumusi) n. a proud arrogant person. syn. muipi (from -ikumusa).
muikuneli (baikuneli) n. someone who escapes danger, a person able to look
after himself syn. muitamu-leli, muitwaneli. (from -unela).
muila1 (mi-) n. iron blade of African thumb-piano (see: -ka–ombyo).
muila2 (mi-) n. kind of tree.
muili, n. asthma.
muima (baima) n. pregnant woman.
muimanjinji, n. state of standing up straight for a long time.
muimbili (mimbili) n. kind of tree the fruits of which are- poisonous.
(deceptively similar in appearance to mahuluhulu).
Muimunene, n. September. (see: kweli).
muinda (miinda) n. see mwinda.
muindekelo (mindekelo) n. way of casting a spell (witchcraft). (from -
indeka).
muindelo (mindelo) n. way in which someone weaves (reed-mats or grass when
preparing fish traps.) (from -inda).
muindi (baindi) n. a person who knows how to weave reed-mats etc. (from -
inda).
muindu (mindu) n. fish-trap made from grass and sticks, and used in shallow
water. (from -indula).
muinelo (minelo) n. (1) way in which j people sit togehter. (2) hierarchy. Ç
(from -ina).
muinyandeli (bainyandeli) n. person worried by loneliness and ad-versity.
(from -nyanda).
muipati (baipati) n. someone hiding himself. (from -pata).
muipi (baipi) n. self-confident, proud, arrogant person; hypocrit. (from -
fa).
muipilisi (baipilisi) n. self-support-ing person (from -pila).
muipo (mipo) n. seli:conhdenceã pride arrogance (from -fa).
muipubeki (baipubeki) n. Sotho. someone who praises himself, boaster
conceited person . (from -bubeka;.
mulpulai (baipulai) n. a person who commits suicide. idiom. exp. Mui-pulai ha
liliwi silinio, a person who commits suicide is not mourned very long.
(from -bulaya).
muipuleleli (baipuleleli) n. a garru-lous and rather tactless person. (from -
bulela).
muishelula (bo-maishelula) n. a person accountable for some misdeed or
offence. (from -shelula). syn. kanyayambo.
muishimba (bo- muishimba) n. Luyana. tale bearer, slanderer. (from shimba).
muishweli (baishweli) n. forlorn, abandbned person. (from -shwa).
muisi (baisi) n. sender. (from -ya).
muisinyezi (baisinyezi) n. someone who ruins his own affairs. (from -sinya).
muisinyi (baisinyi) n. some-one who ruins himself. (from -sinya).
muisunyakeli (baisunyakeli) n. in-truder, uninvited guest. (from -isunya).
muitahaneli (baitahaneli) n. person who hastens somewhere in order to get
there before the appointed time, and before others. syn. muitangeti (from
-itahanela).
muitamuleli (ba-) n. someone who escapes danger, or who defends himself
(from: -lamulela).
muitangeti (ba-) n. someone who goes ahead of others (from: -tan-geta).
muitati (ba-) n. a selfish person. e (from: -lata).
muitatulo (miitatulo) n. excuse, pre-text. (from: -latula).
muitobohi (ba-) n. a self sacrificial person. (from: -latula). muitobohi (ba-
) n. a self sacrificial person. (from: -toboha).
muitofoli (ba-) n. a person suffering from hunger and sitting bent forward.
(from: -tofola).
maitongweli (baitongweli) n. person who appropriates things, who takes things
meant to be shared. (from -itongwela) .
muitu (mitu) n. kind of tree; fruit of the same.
muitumbi (baitumbi) n. vain glori-ous person, pretender, boaster. (from -
lumba).
muituti (baituti) n. Iearner, appren-tice, educated person (from -luta).
muitwaleti (batwaleti) n. as muitang-eti (from -twaleta).
muitwaneli (baitwaneli) n. someone who knows how to defend himself in danger.
(from -lwana).
muiziniko, n. Toka Leya. pride, self-admiration. (from -izinika). (also:
buiziniko).
muka (limuka) n. bee; muka ya munna, swarm of bees.
mukaba (mikaba) n. twisted piece of cloth tied round the loins after giving
birth to a child.
mukabeleli (bakabeleli) n. someone depriving others of food, work, etc. (from
-kabelela).
mukabelelo (mi-) n. way in which someone cuts meat or fish into small pieces
for cooking. (from -kabela).
mukabeli (bakabeli) n. someone who cuts small pieces of meat or fish for
cooking. (from -kabela).
mukabeleti, (ba-) n. see sikabeleti. (from -kabelela) .
mukabi (bakabi) n. a person well dressed, wearing ornaments. (from -kaba).
mukaiwa (mi-) n. mealie-meal (from: -kaya).
mukakambisi (bakakambisi) n. someone who gathers people together. (from -
kakamba).
mukakani (mi) n. thorn tree, thorny shrub. fig. strong headed person.
(Umbrella thorn tree Acacia Sie-beriana).
mukakati (bakakati) n. someone th-rashing or beating a person severely. (from
-kskata).
mukako (miksko) n. clay pot, fired but still unused. (from -kakula).
mukalaa (mi-) n. khid of otter.
mukala2 (mi-) n. kind of bird (Swain-sons Francolin Pheasant)
mukalas n. state of being left behind by others when hoeing; laziness.
mukalani (mikalani) n. Iean, pitiful dog. fig. small despicable being.
mukali1 (ba-) n. beginner. (from -kala)
mukali2 (mi-) n. dried sweet pota-toe chips (usually kept for the time of
hunger).
mukalimeli (bakalimeli) n. someone scolding or reprimanding. (from -
kalimela).
mukalimelo1 (mi-) n. way in which someone is scolding or reprimand-ing.
(from -kalimela).
mukalimelo2 (mi-) n. way in which someone borrows or lends. (from -kalima).
mukalimi (bakalimi) n. (1) bor-rower, debtor, debitor, (2) lender, creditor.
(from -kalima).
mukalululi (bakalululi) n. someone lielping people in distress. (from -
kalulula).
mukamba (mi-) n. fillet of fish.
mukambeli (ba-) n. someone clap-ping hands in order to excite a dancer.
(from: -kamba).
mukambelo (mi-) n. way in which people clap hands in order to sti-mulate a
dancer. (from: -kamba).
mukambi (ba-) n. see: mukambeli.
mukami (ba-) n. strangler. (from -kama).
mukamo, n. moisture, dampness, humidity. syn. munjuu.
mukanamo, n. comfort. (from: -kanama).
mukanani (ba-) n. someone fond of arguing, inclined to protest, to
contradict. (from: -kanana).
mukanda (mi-) n. present giveq by a husband to his wife as a token of
gratefulness.
mukanda2 (mi-) n. Luvale. place of initiation.
mukandekelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is giving an account of something;
narration. (from:-kan-deka).
mukandeki (ba-) n. narrator, de-scriber, reporter. (from: -kan-deka).
mukanga (ml-) n. praises sung in order to encourage people to work hard.
spec. exp: ku shaa mukanga, to praise in order to encourage people.
mukangafuba, n. perseverence in running or paddling.
mukanjo (mi-) n. cook's uniform, priest's or nun's habit.
mukankaulelo (mi-) n. way in which someone chops meat into small pieces.
manner in which a person chops wood (from: -kankaula).
mukankauli (ba-) n. someone who chops meat into small pieces, chopper of
wood. (from: -kan-kaula).
mukanki (ba-) n. a person knowing how to cut barbs on fishing spears. (from:
kanka).
mukanteli (ba-) n. guard, watch-men. (from:-kantela).
mukanti (ml-) n. seed of certain trees (muzauli, mukusi, muhulu-hulu, etc . .
.). syn. musheke.
mukanela (mi-) n. ditch between small garden beds (mikomena). syn. mungunja.
mukapu, n. way in which people are dismissed or expeHed. (from: -kapula).
mukasa (mi-) n. kind of shrub with edible fruit.
mukasani (ba-) n. a person speaking heedlessly about many things. (from: -
kasana).
mukata (mi-) n. skin, pelt, hide. fig. very old person.
mukatala, n. fatigue, weariness, ti-redness, lassitude. (from: -katala).
mukatalo, n. same as mukatala.
mukayo (mi-) n. act of making scar-ifications on a living person or a corpse
to make sure that death may not be unavenged. (from: -kaya).
mukatazi (ba-) n. troublesome, wearying, annoying, bothering person. (from: -
kataza).
mukatengo, adv. wholly: naha muka-tengo, the whole land; t/ cile tapi
mukatengo, he ate the whole fish.
mukatelo (mi-) n. way in which someone digs up roots, sweet po- tatoes, etc .
. . with a hoe. (from: -k ta).
mukati (akati) n. Luyans. woman. sym mus li.
mukati2 (ba-) n. someone who digs S up with a hoe. (from: -kata).
mukato (mi-) n. work consisting in stamping the floor of a hut before
“smearing it. (from: -kata).
mukatu (mi-) n. anything paid or :given to the girl's parents by the
.bridegroom when taking away his bride from them. (this is paid apart
Xfrom lÀonda. (from: -katula). syn. dnanuliso.
mukau (mi-) n. venereal disease rcausing pain in the loins and the presence
of blood in urine. (from: Xula).
mukaupi (h-) n. mediator, peace Smaker. (from: -kaupa).
mukekana (mis) n. dish, plate of any kind. syn. mukeke.
mukekecima, n. Luyana, compas-sion, sympathy, pity, commisera-tion. syn.
makeke.
mukekekelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is ploughing. (from: -k ekeh).
mukekeli (ba-) n. ploughman: Sike-kele lu si sweli, lu sa tokwa fela mu-k
ekeli, we have got the plough and 3ust need the ploughman. (from: -
lsekda).
mukekelisi (b -) n. someone help-i ng a ploughman; someone in charge of
ploughing. (from: -kekela).
mukeke (mF) n. salt made from maize stalks and ashes of many kinds of shrubs.
cf. nJee, lizwai. (from: -kelyeka).
mukeleli (ba-) n. beer distributor, drawer of water (from: -ka).
mukelete (mi-) n. ebony tree.
mukelo (mi-) n. way in which some-one draws water. (from: -ka).
mukeluhisi or mukelusi (ba-) n. someone who misleads, or guides into error.
(from: -keluha).
mukeme (mi-) n. (1) sour milk not curdled- (2) water in which maize has been
soaked; (3) light beer. (from: -kemena).
mukendi (ba-) n. someone who disregards his food; fi8. proud person despising
others or treating them with contempt. (from: -kenda).
mukendwa (bo-) n. a person neg-lected by his own relatives. (from: -kenda).
mukenelo (mi-) n. manner of enter-ing into a house or a room: Muke-nelo wa
mutu yo ha ki omunde, bati ha ngongoti! the way in which this person
enters a room shows lack of politeness, for he does not even knock at the
door! (from: -kena).
mukenga (m>) n. steep bank of a river. (from: -kengeka). syn. mu-nanga.
mukengameni (ba-) n. someone fond of Iying by the fire. (from: -kengamena).
mukengami (bo-) n. someone fond of resting on his side near the fire. (from:
-kengama).
mukenge (mi-) n. kind of tree (Com-bretum Zeyheri) (its roots are much used
in basketry) see: make-nge. cf mububu.
mukenje (mi-) n. kind of tree.
muketa (mi-) n. thin, old cow or ox. fig. old woman.
mukete (bo-) n. so and so, a certain person. syn. ngete.
muketelo (mi-) n. way in which someone chooses or votes. (from: -keta).
muketi (ba-) n. someone choosing a thing from another; voter. (from: -keh).
muketisi (ba-) n. in previous times a person appointed to fix tributes,
royalties. (se: maketiso) (from: -keta).
muketu (mi-) n. an object of wonder or dread; an obscure children's disease
believed to be caused by undue admiration. (from: -ketuka).
muki (ba-) n. drawer of water. (from: -ka).
mukii (ba-) n. Eng. someone who locks (doors). (from: -kiya)
mukilulelo (mi-) n. Eng. way in which someone unlocks. (from: -kiya).
mukiluli (ba-) n. Eng. someone who unlocks. (from: -kiya).
mukinitelo (mi-) n. Eng. way in which someone is knitting. (from: -kinita).
mukiniti (ba-) n. Eng. someone who knits. (from: -kinita).
mukinito (mi-) n. Eng. knitting. (from: -kinita).
mukishi (mi-) n. severe and long sickness. cf. butuku.
mukita, n. thickness. cf. bukima.
mukiti (mi-) n. feast, social gather-ing, ceremony
mukiti2 (ba-) n. stabber. (from: -kita).
mukitimi (ba-) n. runner. (from: -kitima).
mukitimisi (ba-) n. someone who chases, who pursues. (from: -kitima).
muko (mi-) n. Iid, cover. syn. sikwa-helo or sikwahezo.
mukobi (ba-) n. a person who pounds cassava, vegetables or to-bacco leaves in
a mortar. (from: -koba).
mukobocelo (mi-) n. manner of steering a canoe or a barge; manner of
pedalling a bicycle: Mu-kobocelo wa hae umaswe, kamita u loba lEiabo, his
steering is very bad, for his is always breaking paddles. (from: -koboca)
.
mukoboci (ba-) n. a man steering a canoe, a barge or a launch, a driver, a
cyclist (from: -koboca).
mukoboco (mi-) n. helm, steering wheel, rudder. (from: -koboca).
mukoke (mi-) n. rejoicing organised in honour of an elephant hunter coming
back to the Capital with his tusks.
mukokeli (ba-) n. (1) waggon leader; (2) thatcher's helper. (from: -koka).
cf. mukubelisi.
mukokolombwa (mi-) n. channel caused by heavy rain, a trench made by man.
mukokotelo (mi-) n. way in which someone knocks at the door. (from: -kokota).
mukokoto (mi-) n. the back (anat); mukokoto wa mukolo, bottom of a canoe.
fig. exp: Ku zamayafa mu-kokoto wa mutu, to benefit from someone's
 popularity. (lit: to walk on someone's back). to go with an invited
person.
mukolo (mi-) n. canoe, dug-out, boat barge.
mukolobezi, n. a baptizer: Joani Mu-kolobezi, John the Baptist. (from: -
kolobeza).
mukolokisi (ba-) n. someone lining up people (from: -koloka)
mukoloko (mi-) n. queue, column of people, procession; hence a list of
contents in a book. sp. exp. ku yema mwa mukoloko, to be in a queue.
(from: -koloka). syn. mun-dandwe.
mukolola (mi-) n. kind of bird (Afri-can Great White Egret).
mukololo (mi-) n. kind of tree.
mukolopi (ba-) n. scrubber. (from: -kolopa).
mukolotelo (mi-) n. way in which a person borrows (money, etc ...) (from: -
kolota).
mukoloti (ba-) n. borrower. (from: -< kolota).
mukolotisezo (mi-) n. way in which a person lends (money, etc ...) (from: -
kolota).
mukolotisi (ba-) n. Iender, money-lender, etc . . . (from: -kolota).
mukolozwani (mi-) n. common . Iizard. fig. a weak person.
mukoma (mi-) n. kind of palm tree. fig. a good looking, tall, stout person.
mukoma is common name . for mungwirui and munganda t
mukombela (mi-) n. young fowl; (duck or goose).
mukombwe (mi-) n. cock (domestic fowl). idiom. exp. ku ipuza ni mu-kombwefa
cEka, to wonder. syn. silukombwe.
mukomena (mi-) n. garden-bed surrounded by ditches.
mukona (mi-) n. kind of thorn tree. (from -koneka).
mukondisi (ba-) n. a successful or an efficient person. (from: -konda).
mukondoli (ba-) n. someone whose work is to brew beer. (from: -kon-dola).
mukondoli2 (ba-) n. a person en-trusted to accompany a widow back home after
her husband's death. (from: -kondob).
mukongo (mi-) n. kind of bird. sec-retary bird).
mukongoli (ba-) n. someone sum-moning people to assemble. (from: -kongola).
mukonjo (mi-) n. Iight porridge.
mukonkelo (mi-) n. habit of searing. (from: -konka).
mukonoli (ba-) n. a person who scares birds from a garden at seed time, or
who is watching over seeds newly-sown. (from: -konola). syn. mullti.
mukononga (mi-) n. kind of tree; fruit of the same.
muko–a (mi-) n. tunnel made by hippos in reeds. syn. mukungu.
muko–ola (mi-) n. same as muko–a.
mukopano (mi-) n. meeting, confer-ence (from: -kopana). syn. kopano.
mukope (mi-) n. small calabash serving as a cup. idiom. exp: Lu u sweli
mukope kacenu, today we are drinking.
mukosa (mi-) n. kind of tree; fruit of the same.
mukosi (mi-) n. Sotho. alarm, war cry. sp. exp: ku taba mukosi, to raise the
alarm.
mukosiku (bo-) n. Luyana. a person born during the night. syn. nosiku,
namasiku.
mukotana (mi-) n. bag (of any kind).
mukotekwa (bo-) n. Luyana, assis-tant, helper.
mukotelezo (mi-) n. way in which someone keeps a fire burning by pushing logs
towards the centre: Ha h muJcotelezo wa ka, h wa hao it is not my turn but
yours to keep the fire burning. (from: -koteza)
mukoteli (ba-) n. someone who drives away a calf from its mother during
milking. (from: -kotela).
mukotezi (ba-) n. person whose duty is to keep a fire burning, fire-man.
(from: -koteza) cf. muungi.
mukoti 1 (mi-) n. hole in the ground; mine; mikoti ya kopa, copper-mines;
mikotEya gauda, gold mines.
mukoti2 (ml ) n. handle of a cup, of a basket. fig. whore, prostitute.
mukotokoto (mi-) n. kind of tree. (Knob-thorn tree - Acacia nigres-cens) fig.
bar or beerhal.
mukotomono, n. place from which fish is frightened out and forced into a
fishing place. (from: -koto-mona).
mukozi (ba-) n. refugee: Mukozi ni yena ki mutu wa Mulena, a refugee is also
entitled to the Litunga's protection. (from: -koza).
mukowa (mi~) n. clan. idiom. exp: Mukowa wa Malopu, where there is beer,
there is a clan.
Mukreste (ba-) n. Eng. Christian.
muku (miuku) n. cucumber; kind of oblong calabash used as resound-ing box in
a xylophone. (also: muuku).
muku2 (miuku) n. chaff (corn, millet, etc . . .) (also: muuku). syn. ndunu.
mukuba (mi-) n. name of a special canoe used by fishermen.
mukube-kube (mi-) n. used adverbially: with fear, fearfully: Batu ne ba wile
mukube-kube muta ba bona tou i kena mwa hae, the people were frightened to
death when they saw an elephant entering their village.
mukubele (mi-) n. drum beaten at both ends. syn. sitendewa.
mukubelelo (mi-) n. style of thatch-ing; quality of a thatcher's work. (from:
-kubela). cf. mululelelo.
mukubeli (bs-) n. thatcher. (from: -kubela).
mukubelisi (ba-) n. thatcher's helper cf. mukokeli (from: -kubela).
mukubelo (mi-) n. thatching known as Silozi thatch. (from: -kubeb).
mukubilu (mi-) n. reincarnation, metempsychosis (transmigration of souls);
tau ya mukubilu, a lion in which it is believed that a dead person has
been reincarnated-noha ya mukubilu, a snake in which the same change
happened. (from: -biluka).
makubu (mi-) n. navel; door-knob.
mukubuli (ba-) n. someone plucking feathers or hair; someone peeling,
scratching. (from: -kubula). cf. mumweti.
mukuku (mi-; n. ordinary beer. syn. bucwala.
mukuku2 (mi-) n. kind of bird (Fleck's Coucal). syn. simikata.
mukukuezi (ba-) n. someone who rouses up others (mostly in a bad way). (from
-kukueza).
mukukulelo (mi-) n. way in which someone gives a hair cut. (from kukula).
syn. mukutelo.
mukululi (ba-) n. hair-dresser (from -kukula). syn. mukuti.
mukulekelo (mi~) n. way in which someone carries a load with the help of a
carrying stick. (from -kuleka).
mukuleki (ba-) n. a person who car-ries a load with the help of a carry-ing
stick. (from -kuleka).
mukulela (mi-) n. garden hedge.
mukulelo (mi-) n. way in which sick-ness falls upon someone- way in which
someone endures illness. (from -kula).
mukuli (ba-) n. sick-person, patient. (from -kula).
mukulisezo (mi-) n. way in which someone nurses a sick person. (from -kula).
mukulisi (ba-) n. someone nursing a sick person; dresser, orderly, nurse.
(from -kula).
mukulo (mi-) n. edge of a forest.
mukulu (ba- or bo-) n. old man.
mukulumunelo (mi-) n. way in which someone plucks fruits from a tree (from -
kulumuna) .
mukulumuni (ba-) n. a person who plucks fruit from a tree. (from -ku-lumuna).
mukulu-sikopo (bo-) n. person wlth a large head.
mukulupa (ml-) n. old person unable to work. syn. Iukulupa.
mukulwange (ba-) n. Luyana. my elder brother or sister; mukulwenu, your elder
brother; mukulwabo, their elder brother. etc.
mukulwani (mi-) n. small type of palm tree, the leaves of which are used in
basketry
mukulwani2 (mi-) n. small type of F z palm tree, the leaves of which are used
in basketry.
mukumati (mi-) n. kind of tree.
mukumba (mi-) n. kick: Ni ta ku laha :-rnukumba, I shall kick you.
mukumbeleti n. begging: ku eza mu-kumbeleti ku maswe, begging is bad (from-
kumbela2).
mukumbeli (ba-) n. Luyana, beggar. \ (from-kumbela2).
mukumbi (mi-) n. Iarge crowd, mul-qQ0: -titude. cf. undi-wa-nyanagela ‚
mukumbi2 (mi-) n. mane; makumbi ~, owa tau, lion's mane. syn. mu--J t shukwe.
a
mukumbiambai (mi-) n. kind of g bird, (Darter or snake bird). syn. t
aulindeti. ~eli
mukumuca (ma-) n. a person g coming back from the urban area. e after working
for some time. ~,,;
mukumelelo (mi-) n. way in which S an extraction is made.
mukumuli (ba-) n. a person expert z in doing extractions (teeth) (from: -
kumula).
mukumwati (ba-) n. someone who starts the beating of drums. (from -0 kumwsb)~
f
mukunda (mi-) n. shelter, sheltered 0 : place, screen, private place. (from:
d ' kundama).
mukundekwa (bo-) n. Luyana. 0 hidden person, someone put in a t private
place. (from -kundeka).
makundi (mi-) n. string to which 0 killed fish or birds are tied.
mukundungelo (mi-) n. way in which a person stirs food, liquid, etc. with a
stick or a spoon. (from -kun-dunga).
mukundungi (ba-) n. a person who stirs food or liquid with a stick or a spoon
(from-kundunga).
mukungu (mi-) n. passage, tunnel made by hippos in reeds. syn. muko–a or
muko–ola.
mukungulu adj. used adverbially empty: Mukolo u tile mukungulu the canoe was
empty when it came; Mwa toho ya hae ki mukung-ulu, ha nahazu hande, he is
empty-headed and has no clear thoughts.
mukunkuliki (ba-) n. destitute person, wanderer, vagabond. (from: -
kunkulika).
mukunupelo (mi-) n. way in which a hunter fires a gun (from -kunupa).
mukunupi (ba-) n. someone who fires a gun. (from -kunupa).
mukunyi1 (mi-) n. herd of wild animals- makunyi wa litau, a pride of lions,
mukunyi wa mazwii, a herd of lechwe antelopes. cf. sikwata.
mukunyi2 (mi-) n. Luyana. a very big tree.
mukunyandela (bo- mukunyandela) n. distressed, ill-treated or perse-cuted
person; victim. (from -nya-nada).
muku–u1 (mi-) n. ear of corn. cf. Iisoto.
muku–u2 (mi-) n. kind of tree, the roots of which are used as a medi-cine
protecting against malediction (witchcraft) cf. siku–u, see -ku–ulula.
muku–ululi (ba-) n. African doctor believed to be able to liberate someone
from the effect of ma-lediction due to a spell-casting. (from -ku–ulula.)
mukupelo (mi-) n. manner of beg-ging (from -kupa).
mukupi (ba-) n. persistent beggar. (from kupa).
mukwhalu (mi-) n. meat or fish en-joyed by someone who has been craving for
it very long. (from -sha-lula).
mukushangu (mi~) n. (1) a person who cscapes somebody's author ity. (2)
rogue, vagabond. (from -shangula).
mukushuko (mi-) n. breakfast. (from -kushuka).
mukusi ( mi-) n. Rhodesian Teak (Baikiea plurijuga) fig. a very strong man.
idiom. exp. ka tata ya mukusi, with great strength.
mukutazi (ba-) n. adviser, preacher (from -kutaza)
mukutelo (mi-) n. way in which a person cuts hair. (from -kuta).
mukuti (ba-) n. shearer, barber (from -kuta3).
mukuti2 (ba-) n. someone cursing, calling for maledictions upon an-other.
(from -kuta2). syn. mundan-dali.
mukuntingi (mi-) n. tropical creeper fig. puzzle, problem: Fa taba fa ku ruz
ni rnukuNgi, there is a probiem about this matter. (from -tinga).
mukuto (mi-) n. malediction caused by one's own wrong doings, (from -kuta).
mukutu (mi-) n. sheath, holster. makutukutu (mi-) n. disturbance, trouble.
cf. mufilifili.
mukutuli (ba-) n. harvester, reeper (from -kutula)
mukutulisi (ba-) n. a person helping a harvester. (from -kutula).
mukutulu (bo- mukutulu) n. Luyana. hyena. syn. sitongwani, namung-undwe
mukutu–umbwa (mi-) n. kind of tree (Terminalia mollis) roots are often used
to stop leaks in canoes. syn. i–umbwa.
Mukuwal (ma-) n. a white person fig. rich black person.
mukuwa2 (mi-) n. kind of shrub bear-ing edible fruit. syn. sikuwa
mukuywe (mi-) n. ungratefulness, grumbling, ingratitude. (from -kuyula). syn.
mukwakwa.
mukwal (mi-) n. manner, fashion, habit, custom, way, characten, method.
mukwa2 (mi-) n. mukwa, Bloodwood tree (Pterocarpus angolensis) (This tree is
much used in carpen-try and cabinet-making, dugouts are often made of that
tree) syn. mulombe.
mukwae (ma-) n. princess, woman of royal blood.
mukwaezi (ba-) n. waggon or cart driver. (from-kwaeza). syn. mu-caeli.
mukwahelelo (mi-) n. way in which someone covers or puts a lid on something.
(from -kwahela).
mukwakwa (mi-) n. main road.
mukwakwa2 (mi-) n. ingratitude, grumbling, ungratefulness. syn. mukuywe.
mukwakwati (ba-) n. someone catching fish in shallow water with the hand.
(from: -kwakwata).
mukwale (mi-) n. bayonet, sword.
mukwalelo (mi-) n. a pole put across the entrance to a kraal.
mukwalelo2 (mi-) n. way in which someone shuts a door. (from -kwala).
mukwaliyala (ba-) n. dancer (name formerly given to a diviner taking part in
an exorcising dance called liyala).
mukwamanyinga (ba-) n. person considered as a brother after having agreed to
drink his friend's blood, blood-brother, (this habit was tying together
close friends
mukwangalakanyi (mi-) n. quarrel, dispute: Kwa lapa la bona ne ku sa tokwi
mikwangalakanyi, disputes in their home were frequent.
mukwange-mushemi (ba-kwange-ba-shemi) n. fellow parent-in-law (e.g. wifes
parent regards husbands parent as mukwange-mushemi
muwkwa–uli (mi-) n. gluttony, greedi-ness. (from -kwa–ula)
mukwawina (akwawina) n. Luyana. Eperson of royal blood. sukwazi (ba-) n.
someone who stabs with a spear. (from -kwaza)
mukwazo (mi-) n. short spear. (from ` vA~vaza) syn. ndongwa.
mukwazo2 (mi-) n. piece-work. (from -kwaza).
mukwe (mi-) n. kind of tree, the inner bark of which is used for tying or
making ropes; forest 7 where these trees abound 0
mukwela (mi-) n. kind of bird (Grey Fourie, Go-away Bird) (its cry when heard
nearby, is believed to be a bad omen) fig. condition of someone rejected
by others on ac-count of his misbehaviour: idiom. exp. U cile mukwela, he
stupidly : lost his privileges. (from -kwela). tn. simupee, simuwe.
mukwengi (ba-) n. woman fishing with a large basket (from -k wenga) syn.
mushuwi.
mukwenuhi (ba-) n. backslider, renegade, apostate (from -kwe-nuha).
mukwenyani (ma-) n. (1) father-in-law, mother-in-law, parent-in-law; {2) son-
in-law, daughter-in-law; child-in-law.
mukwesezo (mi-) n. way in which someone fixes handles. (from -kwesa).
mukwesi (ba-) n. someone who fixes handles. (name given to the artist making
the Litunga's fly-switches) (from -kwesa).
mukweso (mi-) n. kind of vegetal glue used in fitting handles. (from -hzesa)
mukwetunga (ba-) n. husband of a woman of royal blood. syn. Ishee.
-mula (mulile) v.t. to strike with a stick. syn. -nata. fig. to give birth
(cattle): Komu ya ka i mulile sitole se si swana, my cow gave a birth to a
black calf. rel. -mulela (mulezi) to strike for someone. caus. -mulisa
(mulisize) to help to strike, to beat violently. rec. -mulana (mulani) to
strike each other with a stick. freq. -mulanga to beat repeatedly.
mulabalaba (mi-) n. kind of draughts game.
mulaeleli (ba-) n. warner, adviser, admonisher. (from -laelela).
mulaeli (ba-) n. someone giving orders, commander. (from -laela).
mulaeza, n. parting message, fare-well speech; farewell party. (from -laeza)
mulafi (ba-) n. a person digging out clay, etc.(from -lafa).
mulaha (mi-) n. Iiquid dung (in cattle kraal after rain).
mulaho, n. back. (rare mulaho wa ndu, the back of a house used ad-verbially:
mwamulaho, kwamulaho, behind, aherwards.
mulai (mi-) n. rattle, (children, dancers etc.)
mulaini (mi-) n. Eng. Iine, file; queue (also laini).
mulaka (mi-) n. kraal, cattle enclo-sure. syn. skana.
mulala (mi-) neck. fig. greediness: Wena u na ni mulala hahulu, you are
terribly greedy.
mulala2 (mi-n. Marula (tree) (Sclero-carya birrea).
Mulala (mi-) n. a kind of snake sny: ngongola
mulalambinda (mi-) n. The Milky Way.
mulalambua (mi-) n. Iand without owner; vast. empty space: Nako ye ha ku sa
na mulalambua mwa Bulozi, there is no longer any unoccupied land in
Bulozi.
mulalatali (mi-) n. bunch of needles used to soften skins.
mulaleli (ba-) n. person preparing an ambush. (from -lalela).
mulalelo (mi-) n. dinner, supper, late afternoon or evening meal (from -
lalela).
mulaleka (mi-) n. Luyana. power of putting someboody to sleep (witchcraft);
hypnotism.
mulali (ba-) n. someone who marks out a plan (on the ground), who marks out
the foundations of a house. (from -lala).
mulalol (mi-) n. plan of a house. (from -lala).
mulalo2 (mi-) n. Luyana. place or room to sit, stand or live in. Place where
a decent life is possible: Niha u ka ya ku yena ha u na ku yo fumana
mulalo sakata. even if you go to him you will not have a happy life. (from
-lala).
mulamba (mi-) n. ordinary cheap African kilt used in the past. cf. siziba.
mulambu n. habit of remaining behind in fishing or looking for forest fruit,
in order to get more when others have left.
mulambwalambwa n. manner of in-volving others in one's own mistakes. (from-
lambalamba).
mulamu1 (mi-) n. walking-stick, cane. cf. kabana.
mulamu2 (ba-) n. brother or sister-in-law.
mulamuleli (ba-) n. deliverer, paci-fier. (from -lamulehl).
mulanganena, n. habit of falling asleep at any time. (from -lang-ana).
mulangu (mi-) n. kind of tree (bear-ing fruit which are used as snuff boxes)
see lilangu.
mulangu2 (mi-) n. bell fig. a person who talks too much (also called mulangu
wa Paulusi).
mulao (mi-) n. Iaw, rule, regulation, norm, principle, precept: ku toma mulao
to make a law, ku buluka mulao to observe the law; ku tEisa mulao, to
enforce the law; ku loba mulao, to transgress the law; se si lumelwa ki
mulao, lawful. (from -laa).
mulapeli (ba-) n. a person who prays, who pleads, who adores who worships.
(from -lapela).
mulapeleli (ba-) n. intercessor (from -lapela).
mulapo (mi-) n. an intermittent stream on the plain.
mulatehi (ba-) n. Iost person. (from -lateha).
mulateleli (ba-) n. follower (moving after, or disciple). (from -latelela).
mulatiwa (ba-) n. beloved person. (from -lata).
mulatu (mi-) n. (1) fault, offence mistake, guilt, culpability- (2j debt,
obligation: ku tama mu/atu, to accuse.
mulau (mi-) n. kind of shrub (when taken as a medicine, it is believed to
enable the recipients to know others intentions, it is also be-lieved to
make people talkative).
mulaulelo (mi-) n. manner of divin-ing (from -laulaJ.
mulaulil (ba-) n. diviner. (from -bula). syn. mushabaeli.
mulauli2 (ba-) n. commander of sol-diers. (from -laula).
mulawa (mi-) n. (1) stick used to search for iron ore under water; (2) heat
resistant clay mouthpiece for bellows.
mulaza (mi-) n. porridge or beer left from the day before.
muleki (ba-) n. buyer. (from -leka).
mulekisi (ba-) n. seller, merchant sales-man, dealer, trader. (from -lekisa).
muleko (mi-) n. sale, bargain (from -leka).
mulekuli (ba-) n. visitor (from -kkula)
mulelekelo (mi-) n. a way in which a man divorces his wife: Mulelekelo wa hae
ki omunde kakuli ha sika mu atnuha litino, the way in which he divorced
his wife was not bad be-cause he did not deprive her of her a personal
effects. (from -leleka).
muleleki (ba-) n. someone who di-vorces his wife. (from -leleka).
mulelengwa (mi- n. ground nuts prepared as relish.
mulelil (ba-) n. someone making plans in favour of or against somebody; (from
-lela).
muleli2 (ba-) n. guardian; infant nurse. (from-lela).
muleli3 (mi-) n. kind of fern.
mulelo (mi-) n. plan. intention, pur-pose, ambition, project. (from kla).
mulelu (mi-) n. beard, chin, lower jaw (man, fish, animal). syn. mulepu.
mulemanango (mi-) n. kind of tree, the fruit of which are used in the
preparation of nango.
mulembalemba (mi-) n. bastard marula tree (Kirkia acuminata).
mulemelo (mi-) n. way in which horns gracefully point backwards. a (from -
lema) syn. mupondolelo.
mulemi (ba-) n. wood cutter. (from -lema).
Mulena (ma-) n. chief, master, king: Mulena-yo-muhulu, the Litunga Uulena
Mukwae (Litunga-la-Mboela) chieftainess of the south; Mulena Papa, the
Pope.
mulene–i (mi-) n. capital, residence of an important chief
mulengal (mi-) n. squinting. squint eyed: Ki wa mulenga, he is squint eyed;
Liito la hae ki la mulenga, he is squinting.
mulenga2 (mi-) n. (1) path made by animals. cf. mubila. (2) way usually taken
by fish and where traps are placed (from -lenga).
mulengol (mi-) n. grain pounded and sifted for the first time. (from -lenga).
cf. mubundululo.
mulengo2 (mi-) n. kind of tree (Uapaca nitida).
mulenzele (mi-) n. kick. Komu i ni lahile mulenzele, a cow kicked me. fig.
exp. Luna ba lu lahile mulen-zele, he divorced me. Iit: he kicked me out).
cf. mukumba.
mulepo (mi-) n. women's coloured shawl tied round the waist. syn. malesu.
mulepu (mi-) n. Luyana. beard, chin, lowerjaw (man, fish, animal) syn.
mulelu.
Muleta, n. title of the prime minis-ter of the Libonda Kuta.
muleukela (mi-) n. used adverbially; confusedly seen, seen for a very short
while: Ni mu boni muleukela, I caught a fleeting glimpse of him. (from -
kuka).
muliangunuki (ba-) n. someone who changes his mind too easily, some-one who
is compliant, someone who is unable to come to the point. (from-
liangunuka).
mulibali (ba-) n. forgetful person. (from -libala).
mulibeleli (ba-) n. watchman, guard, keeper, sentinel, sentry (from
llbelela).
mulicaba (ba-) n. foreigner, out-sider. syn. muzwshule, nundalile.
muliiehi (ba-) n. someone who is late. (from -lieha).
muliielo (mi-) n. Luyana. way in which someone is eating. (from -Iia). syn.
mucelo.
mulifi (ba-) n. payer, paymaster. (from -lifa) syn. muhollsi.

mulikaliki (ba-) n. a hesitant person. (from lika).

mulikani (ba-) n. (1) friend, compa-nion, (2) paramour (concubine, mistress;
lover, gallant). (from: -likana).
mulikanyisi (ba-) n. imitator, mimic. (from likanyisa).
mulikanyiso, n. imitation. (also ma-likanyiso). (from -likanyisa). syn.
silomboti.
muliki (ba-) n. tempter, deceiver seducer. (from -lika).
muliko (mi-) n. temptation, entice-ment, allurement, tantalisation. (from -
lika).
mulilil (ba-) n. mourner, widower widower. (from -lila) syn. musilisi.
mulili2 (mi-) n. hair (head) see milili.
mulilima (mi-) n. nenuphar, water lily, lotus (its stem is used for making
snuff).
mulilo (mi-) n. fire: Mu/ilo-wa-Nyambe, leprosy. fig. exp. ku kupa mulilo, to
propose for marriage. (lit: to ask for fire).
mulimeleli (ba-) n. someone work-ing in people's gardens for food, seed, etc.
(from -limelela).
mulimelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is cultivating. (from -lima).
mulimi (ba-) n. a gardener a farmer, a cultivator; a person supervising
husbandry. (from -lima). syn. njimi.
Mulimu n. god. cf. Nyambe.
mulimu2 (mi-) n. spirit of a dead person (balimu, spirits of ances-tors).
mulimu3, n. aggression: ku kala mutu mulimu, to be aggressive to some-one.
mulinda (mi-) n. treatment suffered by a wife neglected by her polyga-mous
husband: ku ca mulinda, to suffer from such a treatment.
mulindeti (mi-) n. kind of bird. (cor morant, darter, or snake bird.) syn.
mukambiambai.
mulinja-liya. adv. Luyana. on the other side.
mulisana (ba-) n. (also mulisa) herd-sman, shepherd, cattle-boy, shep-herd-
boy. fig. Pastor anybody looking after people. (from -lisa).
mulisezo (mi-) n. the manner in which one tends cattle a turn in tending
cattle: ku fana, or ku ipa milisezo, to agree about tending the cattle in
turns. (from -lisa).
mulishelula (bo-) n. someone who causes serious trouble (from -she-lula).
muliti (ba-) n. a person who scares birds from a garden at seed time or when
harvest time has ap-proached. (from lita) syn. muko-noli.
muliu (mi-) n. (1) restitution custom according to which land temporarily
entrusted to someone is taken back. (This custom was abolished by King
Lewanika) (2) deliverance, redemption. (from-liulula).
muliululi (ba-) n. redeemer, de-liverer. (from -liulula).
muliza (mi-) n. string beaded with little perforated pieces of ostritch eggs
and worn round the waist by women as an attractive ornament. cf. Iusinde.
mulizezo (mi-) n. manner of beating drums or playing any kind of musical
instruments a turn in beat-ing drums (from -liza).
mulizi (ba-) n. drummer, someone playing any kind of musical instru-ment.
(from -liza).
mulo (mi-) n. soup, gravy, sauce: mulo wa tolwana, fruit juice, squash .
mulobalelo (mi-) n. sleep, slumber way in which someone is sleeping. (from -
lobala).
mulobali (ba-) n. sleeper; fig. slug-gard; slow coach. (from -lobala).
mulobeli (ba-) n. someone eating greedily, leaving nothing for others. (from
-lobela).
mulobi (ba-) n. breaker; mulobi wa mulao, transgressor; mulobi wa puwo,
someone who does not know a language very well. (from -loba).
muloho (mi-) n. vegetable, edible leaves of any plant used as vegeta-ble
fig. Iazy person. cf. tepe.
muloi (ba-) n. sorcerer, witch, be-witcher, wizard. (from -loya).
mulokelo (mi-) n. manner of prais-ing. (from -loka).
muloki (ba-) n. someone singing praises. (from -loka).
mulokozo (mi-) n. a second milking of a cow soon after an earlier milk-ing:
Mu sike mwa hamanga likomu rruxiokozo, mu ta bulaya manamani, do not strip
cows completely or you will cause their calves to die. (from -lokoza).
mulokozwani (mi-) n. milking of a cow for the third time in quick succession,
habit of completely stripping cows. (from -lokoza). syn. ndokozwani.
mulokwambula1 (mi-) n. Luyana. kind of shrub bearing fruit. (from -loka).
mulokwambula2 n. Luyana someone wet because of rain. (from -loka).
mulola (mi-) n. (1) ashes; (2) soap. (3) washing powder.
muloli (mi-) n. whistle (sound made with the lips): ku liza muloli, to
whistle, to hiss.
muloli2 (ba-) n. dreamer. (from -lola).
mulolisi (ba-) n. a person who praises, who speaks highly of someone. (from -
lolisa).
mulombe (mi-) n. see mukwa.
mulombwe (mi-) n. kind of bird (Saddle-bill stork).
mulomo (mi-) n. (1) mouth, beak, bill; (2) aperture, orifice, (3) sting (of a
bee). plural- milomo, lips. fig. manner of talking too much: Ya na ni
mulomo u kataza baba pila ni yena, someone who speaks too much is a
nuisance to those living with him.
mulondoti (ba-) n. someone track-ing an animal (from -londota). also
mulondati.
mulonga (mi-) n. government; realm, kingdom: Mulonga wa Bulozi, the
Government of Bulozi Mulonga wa Zambia, the Govern-ment of Zambia.
mulongalui (mi-) n. Luyana. the golden age of the Malozi. (mean-ing the
period before the invasion of the Makololo). syn. muluilonga.
mulongelo (mi-) n. way in which goods are loaded. (from -longa).
mulongi (ba-) n. a person loading. (from -longa).
mulongisi (ba-) n. someone who supervises loading. (from -longa).
mulongolelo1 (mi-) n. manner in which someone is showing his dis-satisfaction
by using strong words. (from -longola).
Mulongolelo2 n. way in which goods are unloaded (from -longola).
mulongo (mi-) n. Ioad. (from -longa).
mulongo-longo (mi-) n. caravan, long file of people or animals. (from -
longomoka).
mulongotoli (ba-) n. a person un-packing something in order to find one
particular object. (from -long-Otola).
muloti (aloti) n. Luyana. sorcerer. syn. nakaloti, muloi.
mulozameno (mi-) n. kind of small bush, bearing small black berries of the
same name (which are used for cleaning teeth) (from -loza).
mulu (bo-) n. a deaf person. syn. susu.
mulubi (ba-) n. someone who mixes clay and dung for smearing, or clay and
sand for making bricks. fig. someone who deliberately mislead those
conducting a court case; calumniator. (from -tuba).
mulubula-wa-pula (mi-) n. persistent rain. syn. mulupi.
Mului1 (ba-) n. Luyana. native of Bulozi syn. Mulozi (from Aluyi).
mului2 (ba-) n. a rich person. (from Ius).
mului3 or muluilui (ba-) a. Luyana. stranger, foreigner (someone not related
to others).
mului-manalikole (ba-) a. Luyana. stranger, foreigner.
muluilonga, a. Luyana. golden age of the Malozi syn. mulongalui.
mulukelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is sewing. (from -luka).
muluki (ba-) n. tailor, mender sewer; muluki-wa-liheta, shoe maker. cobbler,
(from Luke)
mulukisi (ba-) n. organiser, planner, (from -lukisa).
muluko (mid n. seam, sewing, stich: muluko wa museme, line of stiching on a
mat. (from Luke).
muluku (mi-) n. chaff. cfi muku.
mulukuluhi (ba-) n. a free person, an uninhibited person; an independent
person. (from -lukuluha).
mulukululi (ba-) n. someone untying cattle; someone setting a a person free
redeemer. (from-lukulula).
mulula (mi-) n. Marula (tree) (Sclerocarya birrea) its bark is used in the
preparation of a cosmetic).
mulula2 (ba-) n. a wicked person: Mulula yo wa lo kataza, that wicked person
is annoying us.
mulelelo (mi-) n. quality of a thatcher's work, style of thatching. (from -
lulela). cf. mukubelelo.
mululuezo (mi-) n. shrill cry of joy, shreak of joy. (from -lulueza).
mululwani (mi-) n. boundary, border, limit. syn. museto.
mulumbelo (mi-) n. kind of tree (Chrysophyllum, magalismontanum).
mulumbo, n. Luyana. knoll, small mound, syn. mulunda. (from lumba).
mulumbu (mi-) n. kind of fish.
mulume (flume) n. Luyana. man syn. manna.
mulumehi (ba-) n. a person knowing how to put cupping horns on
scarifications. (from -lumen).
mulumeho (mi-) n. cupping horn. syn. mutuhu. (from -lumeha).
mulumele, see lumela.
mulumeli (ba-) n. believer Christian (from -lumela).
mulumesi (mi-) n. kind of tiger-fish.
mulumiwa (ba-) n. messenger, forerunner, message bearer, ambassador. syn.
ndumeleti. (from puma).
mulunda (mi-) n. knoll, hillock. syn. mulumbo.
mulundumano, n. place higher than others, and easily seen from afar (from -
hndumana).
-mulunga (mulungile) v.i. to spread rumours. der. Iimulunga caus. -mulungisa
(mulungisize) to cause to spread rumours: Se si ba mulungisa cwana, ki
kuli ba utwile sesi–wi they are spreading such rumours because they have
heard something important.
mulunga-mutumbala (mi-) n. kind of bird (Black Crake).
mulungelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is salting relish. (from lunga).
mulungi (ba-) n. someone who salts relish: Mulungi yo ki mafii ya lo
babiselize busunso cwana? who has spoilt the relish like this by salting
it too much? (from -lungs).
mulungu (mi-) n. shoal of barblefish leaving the river and going with the
waters as they flood the plain.
mulupa (mi-) n. drum (gen. name) syn. ngoma.
mulupi (mi-) n. persistent rain. syn. mungole, munyoke, mulubulawapula.
mulupuli (ba-) n. a person whose work is to scrape and soften hides. fig.
someone who reforms a person of bad character. (from iupula).
muluse (mi-) n. Luyana. regurgitation, disgorgement, vomitting. fig. very
weak person recovering from a severe illness.
muluswana (mi-) n. Luyana. (arch) old style earthenware.
muluta (mi-) n. misbehaviour; way in which someone leaves his home and goes
to another house to insult a person, challenging him to fight.
muluti1 (mi-) n. shadow, shade, fig. comfort: Lena lo pita mwa muluti; we
certainly live a comfortable life.
muluti2 (ba-) n. teacher, educator, missionary. (from -lute).
mulutiwa (ba-) n. pupil, scholar, disciple (from -lute).
muluto (mi-) n. urine. fi8. useless person. (from Lutz)
mulutuluha (mi-) n. kind of tree, i fruit of the same.
mulutululi (ba-) n. someone unthatching a house, destroyer (from -lutuila).
Muluyana (Aluyana) n. Aluyi descendant.
mulwahi (ba-) n. someone who curses, who insults. (from -lwaha)
mulwaleli (ba-) n. someone who gathers firewood. (from -lwalela).
mulwali (ba-) n. bearer, carrier. (from -lwala).
mulwalo1(mi-) a. load, burdern syn. mushimbo. fig. pregnancy. (from lwala).
mulwalo2 (mi-) n. Sotho. great flood, deluge. (mei-a-lungwangwa) Luyana-
deluge, recorded in prehistory of Bulozi.
mulwani (ba- )n . fighter, warrior. (from -lwana).
mulwanisi (ba- ) n. opponent, opposer, adversary, antagonist. (from -lwana).
mulwani (ba-) n. someone crushing lice. syn. mutubi. (from -lwena).
mulya (miulya) n. Rhodesian rubber (tree) (Diplorhynchus condylocarpon) (its
sap is used as medicine for sores; as it is extremely bitter it is also
used against hook-worm, etc.)
mulyalyoki (ba-) n. someone who avoids work; someone who fails to keep a
promise. (from -Iyalyoka) cf. siiyalyoki.
mulyangunuti, n. insufficient food leaving the eater with a strong craving
for more: Ko ne ba lo memile ha ba si ka go to Ma hande lico, neili
mulyangunutifeela, they did not feed us properly at the meal to which we
were invited, and we were still hungry at the end.
mulyani (mi-) n. medicine, charm.
mulyantisi (ba-} n. skilful drummer (from -Iyanta).
mulyashiniji (mi-) n. poisonous medicine which cannot be vomited and causes
death.
muliatangombe (mi-) n. kind of bird (white-collared Pratincole).
(rel.lyalyekela (Iyalyekezi) to salt.
mulyelo (mi-) n. Luyana. results of hunting or fishing, too small to sat-
isfy many: IVi bulaile kafolofolo ka-kanyinyani ka ka sina mulyelo hande,
I killed a very small animal which was insufficient for the family. (from-
lya).
-muma (mumile) v.i. & v.i. (1) to suck, (2) to shut one's mouth, to keep
silent. der. simumu, bumumu. caus. -mumisa (mumisize) to cause to shut
one's mouth: Se si ku mu-misize mulomo ki sika ma–i kanti ki wena paki mwa
taba mo, what makes you keep quiet while you are the witness in this
matter. ref. -imuma (imumile) to keep one's mouth shut.
mumameli (ba-) n. caretaker, quar-dian, watcher. (from -mamela).
-mumana (mumani or mumanile) v.i. to be joirred together to be stuck
together, to adhere. sjn. -manjana. caus. -mumanin (mumanisize) to stick
together, to cause to adhere int. -mumanekla (mumanelezi) to stick
together very firmly.
mumatehi (ba-) n. someone who plasters, who smears, plumber (from -mateha)
mumawa (mi-) n. kind of small shrub; the edible fruit of the same.
mumba (baumba) n. childless woman.
mumbalamena (bo-mumbalamena) n. Luyana. a cunning person anxi-ous to take
another's place. (from -mbalamena).
mumbeta (mi-) n. Eng. bed. (for sleeping on)
mumbeti (ba-) n. drummer. xylo-phone player: Bambeti ba Litunga, the
Litunga's drummers (musicians) syn. mulizi. (from -mbeta)
mumbi n. persistent rain.
mumbindani (ba-) n. a person work ing energetically. (from -mbin-dana).
mumbital (mi-) n. vegetable garden.
mumbita2 (mi-) n. pineapples.
mumbo (miumbo) n. shelter, enclo-sure made of mats, reeds, grass, etc. (from
-umba).
mumbole (mi-) n. Luyana. kind of teLee; edible fruit of the same. syn.
mumonsomonso
mumbu (mi-) n. Luyana. ground soil: idiom. exp. mumbu-mukulwe-menanu, the
earth. (the soil, great feeder of man)
mumbuma (mi-) n. kind of small bird with a deep voice. (Kaffir Rail). fig. a
person with a strong, deep voice
mumbuti (ma-) n. blacksmith. syn. simufulanyundo, mutuli.
mumbwakati (ba-) n. person who talks nonsense. (from mbwakata).
mumbwambwati (ba-) n. person who talks much and loudly. (from-mb-wambwata.).
mumbwengelenge (mi-) n. kind of tree; edible fruit of the same.
mumela (mi-) n. malt, yeast. (from -umela).
-mumelela (mumelezi) v.t. to join things together.
mumemi (ba-) n. host good neigh-bour. (from -mema).
mumeno (mi-) n. cutting of sweet-potato plant.
muminamboma (mi-) n. Luyana. a fast growing parasitic creeper. (from -mina).
mumino (mi-) n. the hem, the upper part of a a garment. (from -mina) cf.
mungundo.
mumizo (mi-) n. throat, larynx, pha-rynx, gorge, gullet rg. manner of over-
eating: Mutu yo u na ni mumizo hahulu, this person is very greedy. (from -
miza).
mumonsomonso (mi-) n. Wild Medlar tree (Vanjueriopsis lancif-lora), the
edible and very sweet Aruit of the same sny mumbole.
numongi (ba-) n. person who plucks, who culls, who picks, who figathers
(fruit, vegetables). (from-~nonga).
mumpale (ma-) n. ignorant person, stupid person.
-mumuna (mumunile) n. to suck (sweets, chocolate, etc ); to chew.
-mumutuka (mumutukile) v.i. to be open (mouth): Mukuli wa luna mulomo wa hae
u pala ku mumu-tuka, our patient can hardly open his mouth. caus. -
mumutula (mu-mutuzi) to open the mouth. caus. -mumutula (mumutuzi) to open
the snouth.
mumwaa (mi-) n. kind of tree; bear-ing a small fruit, used for making toil.
mumwe (mi-) n. unpleasant body odour: U nunka mumwe kakuli ha si f ka tapa,
he has a very unpleasant smell because he did not wash himself. syn.
kamwe, kake, kasi-bngandu.
mumweti (ba-) n. someone plucking poultry or grass. cf. mukubuli fig. someone
beating with a sjambok. (from -mweta).
muna, n. jealousy, envy: ku shwela mutu muna, to envy someone. cf. ! lifufa.
munahano (mi-) n. reflection, thought (from-nahana)
munakalali, n. kind of small edible tuber
munanana (mi-) n. kind of red kaffir-corn cultivated in depres-sions. cf.
mabele, makonga.
munanga1 (mi-) n. steep bank of a river. syn. mukenga.
munanga2 n. one of the royal drums cf. mundili, kanaunu.
munanuli (ba-) n. a person lifting up things. (from -nanula).
muna–i (mi-) n. mosquito. Fig. a small weak child
munapa (mi-) n. scratch, laceration. cf. mufanunuti.
munati1 (mi-) n. sweetness, savouri-ness, tastyness: ye munati, deli-cious,
delectable.
munati2 (ba-) n. someone beating (a person or an animal) (from -nata).
munawani, n. kind of very good grazing grass.
muunda (miunda) n. flood, inunda-tion; munda omutuna, deluge cf. mulwalo.
mundale (mi-) n. Luyana. maize.
mundandali (ba-) n. someone curs-ing, wishing evil upon uttering im-
precations (from -ndandala) syn. mukuti.
mundandanyani (mi-) n. kind of creeper (used as string in making bow-nets).
fig. a strong slender person .
mundandumuko (mi-) n. slope, de-clivity. syn. njetumuko. (from -ndandumuka)
mundandwe (mi-) n. Iine, single file; ku yema mundandwe, to stand in a line.
syn. mukoloko.
mundangi1 (ba-) n. a person ap-pointed to give express orders to someone.
(from -ndanga).
mundangi2 (ba-) n. girl dancing the initiation dance (from -ndanga).
mundendumuni (ba-) n. someone cutting open a calabash, someone opening a tin
with a knife or a tin-opener. (from -ndendumuna).
mundiku, n. Luyana. year. idiom. exp. mundiku-ni-mungana, yearly experience,
year after year one gets wiser
mundili1 (mi-) n. one of the royal drums. cf. munanga, kanaunu.
mundili2 (mi-) n. small drum beaten on the occasion of ngomalume (royal
dance).
mundimunene (mi-) n. Luyana. burial place cemetary (orig. the big village )
mundindaeli (ba-) n. someone walk-ing in a martial manner. (from -ndindaela).
mundombwangisi (ba-) n. person asking embarrassing questions. (from -
ndomwanga).
mundombyaeli (ba-) n. person walk-ing slowly without strength. (from -
ndbmbyaela).
mundu, n. anything done for the last time. idiom. exp. Ki mundu wa lilao u
sike wa kutelafate–i! it is finished never do it again. cf. mungundo.
mundumbe (mi-) n. very old and po-werless lion unable to kill even a small
animal man eater. fig. very old, decrepit person.
mundumbu1 (bo-mundumbu) n. Mbunda. someone fond of women.
mundumbu2 (mi-) n. kind of tree.
mundunganyi (baundunganyi) n. brave hero, powerful warrior. cf. muhali.
mundungwa (mi-) n. kind of tree.
munelelo (mi-) n. way in which rain falls, way in which it is raining. (from
-nela).
munembo (mi-) n. kind of bird well known for its pleasant singing (Cape
Flycatcher). fig. good slinger.
munenauni (ba-) n. someone in-clined to despise everybody on all occasions.
(from -nenauna). syn. munyefuli.
munenene (mi-) n. slippery place: ku wafa munenene, to fall on a slipp-ery
place. fig. exp. ku hatafa mune-nene: to compromise oneself in a difficult
matter, to commit a blunder.
munengi (ba-) n. traitor, betrayer. (from -nenga).
munepelo (mi-) n. shot: Ka munepelo ulimu–wi lisho la yo taba mutu, a single
shot and an arrow hit the man.
munepi1 (b -) n. someone answering questions correctly. (from -nepa).
munepi2 (ba-) n. a thrower (from -nepa).
mungaluko (mi-) n. proud, arrogant appearance, (from -ngaluka).
munganda (mi-) n. kind of palm tree, fruit of the same (see mukoma).
munganpmi n. a shivering person (from -ngangama).
mungangi (ba-) n. carpenter, joiner. (from -nganga). syn. mupangi.
mungatuko (mi-) n. as mungaluko. (from -ngatuka).
muunganyama (miunganyama) n. kind of tree (Albizia antunesiana) (mimosaceae)
syn. munga.
mungayani (ba-) n. jabberer. (from -ngayana). syn. muyabani.
mungelo (mi-) n. manner of taking (from -nga).
mungendenge (mi-) n. heavy, hard work. (from -ngendenga).
mungenge (mi-) n. kind of tree.
mungenje (mi-) n. kind of tree.
mungenyuko (mi-) n. slope. (from ngenyuka). cf. mundandumuko.
mungeya or mungeyu (mi-) n. river water jelly-fish.
mungi (ba-) n. taker: Nto ye ne inzi kai? Ku na nimungi ya na i ngile where
is the thing which was herei someone has taken it. (from -nga).
mungituko (mi-) n. manner of danc-ing when enjoying a drink or wel-coming a
guest. (from -ngituka).
mungo' n. Ieading position; wa kwa mungo, leader.
mungo2 n. (1) place or table where the Litunga's meal is placed for dis
tribution. (2) The Litunga's dining table.
mungole, n. persistent rain. fig. lengthy speaker (nick-name given to the
missionary Coillard). syn. mulupi, munyoke.
mungomba (mi-) n. So r Plum tree (Ximenia caffra.)
mungomo (mi-) n. petrol drum, any kind of tin, drum: fig. oversize gar-ment,
any kind of clothes which are too large.
mungongo (mi-) n. kind of tree bearing edible nuts and remaining I eafless
for half the year. (This tree is believed to be lightning proof; its nuts
al also used for divining) syn. mongwamui. _ngu or mungu, promontory.
mungu2 (miungu) n. Luyana. a kind of pumpkin syn. mupusi.
munguka (mungukile) w.i. to be broken. syn. -lobeha. der. simunRu mungu.
caus. -mungula (munguzi) to break, to break asunder: Ki ma–i ya ni
mungulezi potoloto ya ka? who has broken my pencil? int. -mungukelela
(mungukelezi) to be completely broken.
mungulo, n. idiom. exp. Nalikanda mungulo wa ngoma, Nalikanda the last dance.
(from -ungula).
mungulundu (mi-) n. a dry place: Kacenu i se li mungulundu, mezi a kalile,
now it is dry everywheres there is no more flood-water.
mungulungeli (ba-) n. cheat, clear, liar. (from -ngulungela). syn. mupumi.
muungulwa (miungulwa) n. standing dead tree. fig. a tough, very strong man.
mungunda (bo-mungunda) n. Some-one wandering about purposeles-sly. syn.
Iingunda-mukub. (from -ngunda).
mungundi (ba-) n. someone know- ing how to sew the hem of skirts or trousers.
(from -ngunda).
mungundo (mi-) n. Iower hem of skirSs or trousers. fig. Iast action, last
deed llonafa ki mungundo. u sike wa kuzeia fateni hape, this is the last
warning, do not try to do it again. (from -ngunda). cf. mundu.
mungundwe (bo-mungundwe) n. hyena. syn. sitongw ni, mukutulu, siw;
namungundwe, mwanasimbai. (from -nl undula).
mungungauleni (bo-mungung uleni) n. stubborn, obstinate person. (from -
ngungaub).
mungungi (bo-mungungi) n. de-ceivers false friend, intrigue; bluf-fer. (from
-ngunga). syn. ilingunga.
mungunja (mi-) n. small draining ditCh cf. Iilomba.
-mungunya (mungunyize) w.t. to munchs to masticate. syn. -funya, -munya.
munguys (mi-) n. small, frail child: thin, lean calf. syn. nguya.
-munguya; (ba-) n. good singer. (from -nguya).
mungwa (mi-) n. Luyana salt syn. Iizwai, njee.
mungwenjul; (ba-) n. someone cut-ting grass. (from -ngwŽnjuh).
mungwinji (mi-) n. Luyana. kind of palm tree. fig. a pleasant stout, tall
person. see mukoma.
munimba (mi-) n. pinch, nip: U ni nyupile munimba, he pinched me
munjakili; (ba-) n. drum beater, beating the third drum with the highest
pitch (kanjakili) in a set of three (from -njakib).
munjanalu (bo-munjanalu) n. para-site, hanger-on.
munjeke (mi-) n. almond, nut.
munjela (mi) n. habit of eating at any time. (from -c ).
munjelele (mi-) n. catch thorn tree. (Ziziphus abyssinica).

munjenjee, n. disappearance: Lika za ka li ya mwa munjenjee, I do not know

how my things disappear, state of being easily
munjewela (mi-) n. edge of a culti-valed plot where weeds are thrown.
munjineli (ba-) n. Eng. engineer (also manjinela) (from -njinela)
munjongolo (mi-) n. kind of tree; edible fruit of the same (its roots are
used in the preparation of a medicine against scabies).
munjuu (mi-) n. dampness, mois-ture, humidity. syn. mukamo.
-munjula (munjuzi) v.t. Luyana. to calumniate, to slander. der. Ii-munju.
munkanda (mi-) n. shelter made of branches and grass.
munko (miunko) n. smell, odour, aroma, fragrance, exhalation (from -nunka).
-munkula (munkuzi) v.t. to break. syn. -bba, -cola.
munkumbia (mi-) n. kind of tree (its roots are used in the preparation of a
ferment.)
munna (ba-) n. man; munna-muhulu, an old man
munomwaha, adv. see unomwaha.
munonga (mi-) n. sciatica; muscular atrophy (from-nonga)
munongi (ba-) n. a person who is a good shot with a gun, arrow, spear, etc
(from -nonga).
munoni (ba-) n. a person who re-moves fish from bow-nets (from -nona)
munopi (ba-) n. someone picking up a lost thing (from -nopa)
munoto1 (mi-) n. spur of a fowl, of a bird
munoto2 (mi-) n. a pinch of snuff (from -nota
munuhi (ba-) n. guesser; diviner (from -nuha)
munsi (mi-) n. stamping pole or stick, pestle syn. sindunduliso.
mununko (mi-) n. odour, smell (from -nunka).
mununo (mi-? n. (1) fattiness. (2) manure, fertilizer (from -nuna) cf.
siloko.
mununu (mi-) n. flea fig. little child
munwana (mi-) n. (1) finger; mun-wana wa tou, elephant trunk; (2) regiment
arranged in a column, ready to attack
munwl (ba-) n. drinker, drunkard (from -nwa).
munya1 (mi-) n. kind of grass grow-ing in the plain and used in baske-try.
munya2 (mi-) n. uncooked porridge. fig. exp. taba ya munya, useless matter;
muhala wa munya, a rope not twisted tightly
-munya3 ( munyize) v.t. (1) to munch . to masticate. (2) to imbibe, to
absorb. syn. -funya. -mungunya.
munyaka (mi-) n. happiness, joy, gladness, pleasure, enjoyment (from -
nyakalala)
munyako (mi-) n. entrance, door-way, gate
munyali (ba-) n. bridegroom. (from-nyala).
munyaliwa (ba-) n. bride (from-nyala)
munyandi (ba-) n. miserable, dis-tressed person (from -nyanda).
munyandisi (ba-) n. tormentor. tyrant (from-nyanda).
munyankwe (mi-) n. a young unmar-ried lad. syn. mukulwani.
munyani (ba-) n. younger brother or sister
munyanyu (mi-) n. kind of small tree producing springy strong twigs, used as
churn-stick.
munyatelisi (ba-) n. finger-print expert (from-nyatela)
munyele (mi-) n. Rhodesian Wattle, African Black Wattle, African blackwood
(tree) (Peltophorun africanum).
munyefuli (ba-) n. despiser; blas-phemer (from -nyefula). syn. mushwauli,
munenanuni.
munyelenyele (mi-) n. Peeling-bark Ochna (Ochna pulchara) (tree well known
for its beautiful red and yellow fiower clusters- oil is made from its
fruit) . syn. munyenda.
munyembu1 (mi-) n. gifts offered to people while they accompany a bride on
the way to her husband's home. (from -nyembula)
mumyembu2 n. inclination or pro-pensity to vomit.
munyemi (ba-) n. sulky person. (from -nyema).
munyenda (mi-) n. see munyelenyele.
munyoke (mi-) n. persistent rain. syn. mulupi, mungole, mumbi
munyololo (mi-) n. gang of ma-nacled prisoners in single file; file of
people.
munyolombwa, n. a song of the craft often sung by people rumpling or
softening a skin.
munyomaeti (ba-) n. person who persists in following someone against his will
(from -nyomaeta)
munyomanyomi (ba-) n. a person walking about, looking for some-thing.
munyomi1 (mi-) n. rudimentary Afri-can kilt.
munyomi2 (mi-) n. kind of tree.
munyomi3 (ba-) n. someone walking on tip toes in order not to make a noise.
(from -nyoma-nyoma).
munyonga (mi-) n. kind of tree the twigs of which are used to make fire by
friction.
munyongonya (mi-) n. sexual impo-tence.
munyonyi (ba-) n. idle tramp, some-one always wandering about visit- ing
people. (from -nyonya)
munyopi (mi-) n.leech. fig. impor-tuner
-munyuka (muyukile) v.i. to become broken. cf. -lobeha. caus. -munyuna
(munyuzi) to break: U ilo munyuna capu ya ka mwa mushitu, he broke my axe
in the forest. int. -munyuke-lela (munyukelelezi) to be comple-tely
broken.
munyuki (ba-) n. a person expert in rumpling skins. (from -nyuka)
munyumbwe (mi-) n. Toka Leya. cancer's head-dress made of feath-ers
munzi (mi-) n. village, town. (Muezi wa Nyambe: Paradise, Heaven)
munzinyana (mi-) n. hamlet.
munzinzila (mi-) n. kind of tree, edible fruit of the same.
mu–i (be–i) n. master, owner: mu–'a munzi, village headman.
mu–ali (be–ali) n. master, sir.
mu–a–eli (ba-) n. someone persist-ing in his way against opposition,
obstinate person, firm person (from -–a–ela) syn. si–a–eli.
mu–ato (mi-) n. piece of cloth join-ing the two ends of an African kilt. syn.
njumbe.
mu–'a-zebe, n. a (non-existent) 'insect' believed to enter the ear and make a
tiresome noise (actu-ally, blood pressure on the inner ear).
munete (ma-) n. barbarian, foreigner syn. –etana.
mu–ola (mi-) n. kind of tree
mu–olelo (mi-) n. style of writing (from -–ola)
mu–oli (ba-) n. writer, clerk, secre-tary. (from-nola)
mu–olo (mi-) n. handwriting (from -–ola)
mu–o–olehi (ba-) n. grumbler, com-plainer, grouser. (from -–o–oleha).
mu–umbwe (mi-) n. kind of tree.

mu–u–uni (ba- n. someone murmur-ing, grumbling in a low voice (from -–u–una).

mu–wseli (ba-) n. someone scraping hides. fig. a person humbling proud people
(from -–waeila)
mu–wati (ba-) n. person taking part of something. (from -–wata).
mu–wi, adj. (1) one; (2) another: mutu alimu–wi, one person; mutu yomu–wi,
another person; mutuyo mu–wi ni yomu–wi, each person.
muobi1 (ba-) n. Luyana. someone knowing how to prepare and cook an iguana.
muobi2 (ba-) n. Luyana. strangler. (from -oba).
muokameli (ba-) n. person who has authority over a group of people. By ext.
God. (from -okamela).
muoki (ba-) n. Luyana. deceiver, traitor, (from -oka).
muoko (mi-) n. tear, (see mioko).
muoleok (mi-) n. kind of bird (little bee eater).
muoli (ba-) n. a wife of the Litunga.
muombela n. patience, quieteness: Baru bao ki ba muombela, these people are
usually quiet: Se ni ku latela ki ona muombela wa hao what I like about
you is your patience.
muengo (mi-) n. Luyana. (see mongo.).
muongola (mi-) n. (see mongola).
muongomani (mi-) n. (see _go-mani)
muoo (mi-) n. Luyana. wooden pillow.
muopelelo (mi-) n. singing style, one's turn to sing. (from -opela).
muopeli (ba-) n. singer, musician (from -opela)
muopelisi (ba-) n. music teacher, choir conductor etc. (from -opela)
muopi (ba-) n. someone hitting a person on the head with a stick. (from -
opa).
muoti (ba-) n. twister (of rope, etc.): muoti wa mEhala, cord maker. (from -
ota).
muozeli (ba-) n. a person having the habit of slumbering, of dozing. (from -
ozeb).
mupahmi (ba-) n. rider. (from -pahama).
mupaileli (ba-) n. someone who worships ancestors. (from -pai-lela).
mup ki (ba-) n. someone fastening, bolting a door. (from paka)
mupaielwi (b -) n. (1) incapable), unqualified person. (2) a person in
difficulties. (from -palelwa).
mupamuli (ba-) n. someone catch-ing something as it is falling down. fig.
robber, thief. (from -pamula).
mupanda1 (mi-) n. Rain tree, lance tree. (lonchocarpus capass).
mupanda2 (mi-) n. a drinking place or den Ni bafumani mwa mupanda, ba nwa, I
found them imbibing in a den of drinkers.
mupandi (ba-) n. someone who pounds unsoaked maize. (from -panda).
mupangelo (mi-) n. way in which an artisan is skilful in carpentry or
building. (from -panga).
mupangi (ba-) n. carpenter, cabinet maker, builder (from -panga), syn.
mungangi.
mupani1 (mi-) n. Balsam tree, tuper-tine tree, Rhodesian iron wood.
(Colophospermum mopani, much used in building).
mupani2 (ba-) n. someone putting oxen to the yoke (from -pana).
mupantiti (ma-) n. Eng. prisoner.
mupao (mi-) n. ford, crossing place (in a river) drifl. flg. an easy thing
idiom. exp. Na ha ni ku talimezi kifa nu ao, ha ni sddi n1ufaho ku wena,
you are not worthy of the time I might spend for you, or, I do not fear
you, I can thrash you easily (from -paa )
mupati (-ba-) n. someone hiding things. fig. undertaker's man. [from -pata)
syn. mushwateki.
wupatisi (ba-) n. someone who takes people by surprise. (from -~atisa).
0 upato (mi-) n. (1) circumcision. (2) class of young men of same age.
_azezo (mi-) n. style in which scarifications are made. (from -paza).
_pazi (ba-) n. someone expert in making scarifications. (from -liaza).
mupazuli or mupazauli (ba-) n. someone whose work is to chop wood. (from -
pazula).
upeculi (ba-) n. someone who adds sugar to any kind of beer in order to make
it strong. (from -pecula)
_pelemeki (ba-) n. cheater, de-ceiver. (from -pelemeka) syn. mupumi.
mupende (mi-) n. Eng. paint, colour. (from -penda).
nupendi (ba-) n. Eng. (1) hmJse-painter. (2) inoculator: Bapem/i ba likomu se
ba eza hande musebezi wa bona cwale, the people who inocu-late cattle are
now doing their job properly. (from -penda)
mupepezi (ba-) n. seducer. tempter, temptress, seductress (from -pepeza)
mupepi (ba-) n. (1) mother who has just given birth to a child (2) a person
carrying a child on her back (from-pepa).
mupepisi (ba-) n. midwife, nurse. (from -pepa).
mupeti1 (ba-) n. midwife, nurse. (from -pepa)
mupeti1 (ba-) n. narrator. (from-peta).
mupeti2 (ba-) n. a person hearing someone repeat his lessons (from epeta)
mupicuki (ba-) n. dodger. (from -picuka).
mupika (mi-) n. saucepan. cf. siwaya.
mupikiti (ba-) n. masseur. (from -pikita).
mupilisi (ba-) n. The Saviour, sav-iour, someone who maintains life (from -
pila).
mupimpa-pimpi (ba-) n. avaricious giver (from-pimpa-pimpa).
mupindumuni (ba-) n. someone who rolls logs, bags, etc (from-pindu-muna)
mupiti (mi-) n. kind of creeper seed of the same. (the brilliant red and
black mupiti seeds are be-lieved to cause evil to people, and they appear
frequently on witch-craft horns.)
mupokola (ma-) n. policeman, sol-dier. cf. Iisole.
mupolofita (ba-) n. Eng. prophet (from -polofita) cf. musinuli.
mupolota (mi-) n. sausage tree. (Ki-gelia pinata). syn. mupungupungu.
mupondolelo (mi-) n. way in which horns are gracefully pointing backwards.
(from -pondola). syn. mulemelo.
mupompi (ba-) n. Eng. someone who pumps. fig. drunkard (from-pompa).
muposi (ba-) n. someone who throws an object or fig. casts a spell. (from -
posa).
mupoti (ba-) n. visitor, guest. (from pota)
mupotoloho (mi-) n. detour (from -potoloha). syn. noonjo.
mupueleli (ba-) n. someone who helps a hunter or a fisherman to paddle a
canoe (from -puelela)
mupuelelo n. manner of helping a hunter or a Flsherman paddle a canoe. (from
-apuelela)
mupukelo (mi-) n. way in which someone sips, sipping turn (from-puka).
mupuki (ba-) n. a person who sips. (from -puka)
mupukuti (ba-) n. someone expert in working bellows. (from -pukuta).
mupula (mi-) n. still-born calf
mupulanga (mi-) n. eucalyptus tree, blue gum tree.
mupulacima (mi-) n. Luyana. forget-fulness. (from -pulama) syn. buli-bali.
mupuli (ba-) n. someone thrashing corn (from-pula)
mupuhmelo (mi-) n. roar of a lion. (from -puluma)
mupulusi (ba-) n. Saviour, Re-deemer. (from -pulusa). (see Nata-moyo).
mupumamanga (mi-) n. natural gap in the front teeth
mupumangoma (mi-) n. kind of very large tree used for making drums, dishes,
etc.
mupumbeki (ba-) n. undertaker's man (from -pumbeka) syn. mupati.
mupumbuli (ba-) n. someone who digs up, unearths. (from -pumbula).
mupumelo1 (mi-) n. way in which someone cheats (from-puma)
mupumelo2 (mi-) n. way or manner of cutting (from -puma).
mupumena (mi-) n. kind of tree. (Entandrophragma caudatum).
mupumi1 (ba-) n. cheat, deceiver, liar, crook, twister (from: -puma). syn.
mungulungeli.
mupumi2 (ba-) n. cutter (person) (from -puma)
mupundi (ba-) n. person preparing the soil in the forests garden for sowing
where no ploughing is ne-cessary. (from -punda).
mupundungeli (ba-) n. someone who despises, who scorns, who spoils (from -
pundungela).
mupungu-pungu (mi-) n. sausage tree; fruit of the same. syn. mupo-lota,
kazungula.
mupunyi (ba-) n. a person expert in putting handles onto tools. (from -punya)
mupunyuhi (ba-) n. a person who es-capes from danger. (from -pu-nyuha)
mupupuliki (ba-) n. a person unable to argue logically, unable to stick to
the point. (from -pupulika).
mupuseza (mi-) n. calf just weaned. (from -pusa) .
mupusi (mi-) n. kind of pumpkin cf. namundalangwe, mucoko.
muputaki (ba-) n. a person always in a hurry. (from -putaka).
muputeleli (ba-) n. deceiver. (from -putelela)
muputi (ba-) n. (1) a person folding blankets; (2) someone folding the arms
and legs of a drying or de-ceased person. (from -puta).
mupuzo (mi-) n. reward, remunera-tion prize.
mupuzwa (mi-) n. kind of bird (Wattled crane, same as Libanda).
mupweletete (mi-) n. Ioose stool dis-charged by someone suffering from
dysentery; diarrhoea: Namani i nyela mupweletete i kata-ziwa ki mabisi,
the calf has diar--rhoca, milk does not suit it
musa, n. kindness, tenderness, open-heartedness, grace, mercy: ya musa, kind,
gentle, merciful.
musahi (ba-) n. Eng. sawyer. (from -saha).
musal'a pula (basali ba pula) n. kind of beautiful red flower blooming at the
beginning of the rainy season.
musala-sala, n. things lying in disorder. Mu sike mwa siya libyana musala-
sala, do not leave things in disorder.
musali (ba-) n. woman, wife. musal'a kweli, venus
musalo (Ifli-) n. kind of winnowing basket. (from -sala)
musamba (mi-) n. Live long (tree) (Lannea discolor).
Musame (ma-) n. an Indian, any-body from the Indian sub-conti-nent
musamo ( mi-) n. pillow, cushion (from -sama)
musanda-sanda (mi-) n. intrusion, encroachment. (from -sunda) syn. musunda-
sunda.
musansa (mi-) n. kind of shrub growing in the plain; fruit of the same
musebezi (mi-) n. work, duty, task; business (from-sebeza)
musebelezo (mi-) n. way in which someone works (from -sebeza) syn.
mubelekelo. musebelisi (ba-) n. foreman, ganger (from-sebeza) cf. kapitao.
musebi (ba-) n. slanderer, calumnia-tor (from-seba).
musefelo (mi-) n. one's turn to sift manner in which a person sifts. (from -
sefa). fig. manner in which a detective investigates. (from -sefa).
musefi (ba-) n. sifter fig. detective investigator. (from -sefa).
musefo (mi-) n. search, investiga-tion. (from -sefa).
musehelo1 (mi-) n. Iaugh, laughter, laughing (from-seha)
musehelo2 (mi-) n. way in which someone cuts (from-seha).
musehi (ba-) n. someone cutting with a knife: musehi wa matata, a person
expert in making karosses (skin blankets) (from: -seha).
museku (mi-) n. shaved nape of the neck. (from -sekula) syn. ngula-wela.
musela (mi-) n. ditch in which reeds or sticks are placed to make a wall or a
fence
museli (ba-) n. a person accustomed to living on natural products, (wild
fruit, rsh, etc.) collector (from -sela).
muselo (mi-) n. gatherings of any kind of wild fruit. (from -seb). cf.
siselo.
museme (mi-) n. any kind of mat museme wa sikololo, mat made of rush; museme
wa liluka, mat made of papyrus; museme wa mananga. mat embellished with
designs. idiom. exp. Iifu lafa museme, natu-ral death
musempula (mi-) n. forced paid labour (from-sempula).
musepahali (ba-) n. a faithful person. (from -sepahala)
musepehi (ba-) n. trustworthy, faith-ful, reliable person. (from -sepa)
musepisi (ba-) n. someone who makes promises, ready promiser (from -sepa)
museseti (ba-) n. sifter (from -seseta).
museteki (ba-) n. tempter (from -seteka)
museti1 (ba-) n. someone skilful in cutting with a knife. (from -seta)
museti2 (ba-) n. someone who Fxes the limits of a garden, who cuts a boundary
(from-seta)
museto (mi-) n. edge, limit, border boundary (from-seta) syn. mulu-wani
mushae (mi-) n. proclamation (from -shaa)
mushabaeli (ba-) n. diviner, some-one who casts divining bones (from -
shabaela) syn. mulauli.
mushabati (ma-) n. sand syn. Iisha-bati.
mushakaeli (ba-) n. simple minded person who moves about aimles-sly (from-
shakaela).
mushakashela (mi-) n. snake bean tree, iron-heart tree (Swartzis ma-
dagascarriensis); fruit of the same
mushaki (ba-) n. beginner, starter (chiefly of fights) (from -shaka)
mushale (mi-) n. Chinese Lantern tree (Dichrostachys glomerata.)
mushalimelo (mi-) n. Iook, regard, stare. (from -shalima)
mushambisi (ba-) n. someone who teaches another person to follow his own bad
ways and manners. (from -shamba).
mushamiliketi (ba-) n. someone who incites people to do wrong. (from -
shamiliketa).
mushandoko, n. destruction, ruin. (from -shandola).
mushandoli (ba-) n. destroyer. (from -shandola)
mushangi (ba-) n. a person who starts a dance before the official dancer, in
order to attract people, curtain raiser. (from -shanga) syn.
kashangangoma.
mushangumuni (ba-) n. someone who incites others to fight. (from -
shangumuna).
mushangutuli (ba-) n. someone who disperses heaped-up things (from -
shangutula ).
mushapi (ba-) n. flogger (from -shapa).
mushasheleli (ba-) n. someone an-swering a diviner (from -shashe-lela)
mushashululi (ba-) n. (1) someone who speaks openly and without fear (2)
drummer who beats the second drum in a group of three (from -shashulula).
mushea (mi-) n. kind of fish (not very good to the taste )
mushebe (mi-) n. top part of a sugar-cane, of a maize stalk, etc.
mushebuluki (ba-) n. diviner. (from -shebuluka ) syn. mulauli
mushei (ba-) n. person in charge of a royal tomb. (from -shea). syn. –
omboti, nameto.
musheke1 (mi-) n. Luyana. almond stone of a fruit. (muhuluhulu, etc.,; syn.
mukanti.
musheke2 (mi-) n. Luyana. white river sand.
musheke¾ (mi-) n. kind of tree
mushelauki (ba-) n. someone who walks as if dancing or marching (often to
express a feeling of joy) (from -shelauka)
mushelu (mi-) n. heavy load carried on a pole by two people
mushelukela (bo-mushelukela) n. person with small buttocks (from -shelukela)
mushemaeti (ba-) n. someone who provokes, incites to fight.
mushembashembi (ba-) n. com-forter, consoling person. (from -shembashemba)
mushembi (ba-) n. someone who leads into temptation; flatterer, adulator,
wheedler (from -shemba).
mushemi (ba-) n. parent (father or mother) Luyana exp. mushemi-–ete-namalimo,
kind hearted mother; mushemi-wa-kota, trunk of a tree.
mushemubi (ba-) n. a person who shows pity, compassion (from -shemuba).
mushemuni (ba-) n. someone who repairs, sharpens iron tools (from -shemuna)
mushendi1 (ba-) n. a person who dis-approves, who blames; mocker, scoffer.
(from -shenda).

mushendi2 (ba-) n. a person who dis-misses or sacks someone. (from -shenda).

mushenga, n. unsoaked maize. (from -shenga).
mushengelo (mi-) n. manner in which someone sharpens tools (from -shenga).
mushengi1 (ba-) n. a person expert in sharpening tools. (from -shenga).
mushengi2 (ba-) n. someone who husks grain by pounding. (from -shenga). ef.
mucokoli.
mushengo (mi-) n. horn containing all sorts of medicine for protection
against spells.
mushengu (mi-) n. mockery, deri-sion, scoff, jeer. (from -shengula)
mushenguli (ba-) n. adulterer (from -shengula)
mushengunusi (ba-) n. melter. (from -shengunuka).
mushengwa (mi-) n. dead tree; very hard dry wood. fig. person in good health,
full of strength.
mushenjele (mi-) noun taken ad-verbially; having no handle, use-less: capu ya
mushenjele, handle-less, useless axe (from -shangela).
mushenji (ba-) n. someone who pur-sues a wild animal in hunting- pur-suer,
tracker. (from -shenja).
mushenyango, n. Luyana, slow ad-vance: Mushenyango wa Mulonga, the slow
progress of the nation.
mushepete (mi-) n. Eng. saw-pit
musheshe (mi-) n. Wild Syringa, Rhodesian Ash. (tree) (Burkea Africana).
(often used for making stamping blocks) tree very often struck by
lightning.
musheshembi (ba-) n. someone who is persistently rude to others someone who
is always stirring up trouble (from-sheshemba).
musheu (mi-) n. place cleared of weeds. (from -sheela).

mushewli (ba-) n. weeder (from-sheula)

musheulisi (ba-) n. someone in-charge of weeding (from -sheula)
mushiba (mi-) n. very small fish fig. a person becoming intoxicated in a very
short time cf. nciba.
mushika (mi-) n. frightening thun-der-clap.
mushiku (mi-) n. clan. (from -shi-kula).
mushimani (ba-) n. boy; servant.
mushimba-sala (mi-) n. Luyana. pole serving to carry a deceased person (from
-shimba).
mushimbela (mi-) n. dyke made to catch fish. (from -shimbela).
mushimbeli (ba-) n. Luyana some-one who makes dykes to catch fish. (from -
shimbela)
mushimbelo (mi-) n. Luyana. way in which someone carries a load. (from -
shimba).
mushimbi (ba-) n. Luyana. carrier, bearer. (from -shimba) syn, mul-wali.
mushimbo (mi-) n. Luyana. Ioad. (from-shimba). syn. mulwalo.
mushimbululi (ba-) n. Luyana. someone who removes things from their places
(from -shimbulula).
mushimbuluko (mi-) n. manner of moving from one place to another; manner of
removing cattle from one place to another: Likomu za mushimbuluko li tata
hahulu kwa ku lifunga, it is very hard to tie up cattle which have moved
from original tie up place (from -shim-buluka).
mushimiketi (ba-) n. someone exci-tedly explaining at length about bad events
(from -shimiketa).
mushi–o1 (mi-) n. powerful witch-craft medicine believed to be cast from a
distance and also to cause misfortune, harm, obstructiveness etc. (from
shi–a).
mushi–o2 (mi-) n. Iower end of a stick, walking stick, wooden spoon, etc. (it
is a taboo to put such a mushi–o upside down for it is believed that this
mistake brings bad luck) (from-shi–a).
mushitu (mi-) n. forest, woodland. fig. exp. kuya kwa mushitu, to go to stool
.
mushituki (ba-) n. someone who has the habit of getting up very early in the
morning (from-shituka).
mushituko (mi-) n. habit of getting up very early: Bona kamita ki batu ba
mishituto, they are the kind of people who always get up very early in the
morning. (from-shi-tuka) cf. mapakela.
mushituli (ba-) n. someone who takes something out of the ground. fig. a
person who discovers se-crets, capable detective, good di-viner. (fronn -
shitula).
mushobo (mi-) n. tribe, race, kind, (class)
mushoboti (ba-) n. whisperer. (from -shobota).
mushoboto (mi-) n. whispering: Batu bateni ha ba ini fela, konji misho-boto,
those people cannot remain quiet without whispering. (from -shobota).
mushokameni (ba-) n. someone Iying in wait, lurking; someone Iying in ambush.
(from -shoka-mena).
mushoki (ba-) n. spy; scout. (from -shoka).
mushokoli (ba-) n. someone expert in mak“ng extractions, (teeth, etc.) (from
-shokola).
mushokoto (mi-) n. Beukenhout (Afrik) tree (Faurea salign).
mushokotoli (ba-) n. someone dis-covering hidden things. (from -shokotola).
musholoko (mi-) n. uproar, hubbub, hurly-burly; noisy rejoicing (from -
sholoka).
musholokoto (mi-) n. rustle- noise inspiring fear made by something passing
nearby in a dense forest. (from -sholokota) .
musholondondo (mi-) n. small, narrow piece of land. syn. kasho-londondo
mushombeli (ba-) n. drunkard. (from -shombela).
mushombo (mi-) n. bark taken from the roots of muhonono tree to stop leaks
(in canoes).
mushomboti (ba-) n. someone who catches something, who seizes something.
(from -shombota) cf. mupamuli.
mushomo (mi-) n. ivory or bone or wooden hair pin. (from -comeka).
mushondi (ba-) n. someone spear-fishing in shallow water. (from -shonda). cf.
muwayi.
mushondaleli (ba-) n. someone ap-proaching unobserved. (from -shondalela).
cf. munanaleli.
mushongi (ba-) n. briber, corrupter, seducer. (from -shonga).
mushongotoli (ba-) n. someone who brings out old matters or reveals secrets.
(from -shongotola).
mushonjo (mi-) n. manner of tuning a musical instrument. fig. (1) track,
approach; (2) evidence given in any kind of case. (from -shonjola)
mushoshoti (ba-) n. a person wan-dering about. (from -shos-sho-shota)
mushoweli (ba-) n. singer in a chorus. (from -showela) cf. mutabe-lezi.
mushowekli (ba-) n. a person giving the royal salutation. (from:-showe-lela).
mushowelelelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is giving the royal saluta-tion.
(from -showelela).
mushowelelisi (ba-) n. a person join-ing another one in giving the royal
salutaotion. (from -showelela).
mushu1 (mi-) n. kind of red-winged water insect.
mushu2 (ba-) n. a dead person. (from -shwa). syn. mufu, mushwi.
mushuami (ba-) n. someone sitting down. {from -shuama).
oNlshautami (ba-) n. someone fre-quently jumping up and sitting down (from -
shuama). fig. tale bearer, slanderer.
mushukula (mi-) n. one of the Li-tunga's yards where raw food, tools,
utensils, etc. are kept. before being taken to the palace.
mushukwe (mi-) n. (1) lion's mane. (2) feathers on a bird's head (fowi,
crane, etc.) (3) hair-dress made of lion's mane or feathers worn by
Nalikwanda paddlers.
mushumba (mi-) n. fishing spear with a very long handle. (from -sbumba). cf.
muwayo.
mushumbeli (ba-) n. (1) someone who knows how to fix a handle to a fishing
spear. (2) someone sewing a piece of material to a skirt or a kilt. (from
-shumbela).
mushuna (mi-) n. kind of fish.
mushungumanelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is impolitely sit-ting on a mat
with the knees raised. (from -shungumana).
mushunjulu (mi-) n. small piece of land.
mushupeki (ba-) n. person in difFl-culty, in hardship; distressed person.
(from -shupeka).
mushupeko (mi-) n. incline, slope; ascent. (from -shupeka).
mushupi (ba-) n. a person who annoys, bores, bothers. (from -shupa).
mushuti (ba-) n. angler (from -shuta).
mushutu (mi-) n. any kind of non-al-coholic drink. (from -shutula).
mushuwi (ba-) n. woman fi$hing with a large basket. (from -shuwa). syn.
mukwengi.
mushwami (ba-) n. see mushuami.
mushwatami (ba-) n. see mushua-tami.
mushwateki (ba-) n. someone hiding things. (from -shwateka). syn. mupati.
mushwati (mi-) n. sugar cane.
mushwauli (ba-) n. impolite person, despiser, blasphemer. (from -sh-waula)
syn. munyefuli.
mushweb (mi-) n. way in which a person dies; way in which any-thing is
destroyed. (from -shwa).
mushwi (ba-) n. a dead person. (from-shwa). syn. mufu, mushu.
musi (mi-) n. (1) smoke. (2) steam, vapour Musi-oa-tunya, Victoria Falls.
musiya (mi-) n. root emerging from the soil and crossing a path. (such a root
is often cut out and used to prepare medicines.)
musiyalela (bo-musialela) n. the last born in a family. (from -siyalela).
musifa (mi-) n. Iigament.
musihali, n. daytime, daylight: musi-hali omutuna, midday, noon.
musika (mi-) n. market.
musikanji (mi-) n. kind of shrub bearing edible fruit.
musiki1 (ba-) n. tuner of musical in-struments. (from -sika).
musiki2 (ba-) n. competent tailor able to take measurements of suits, etc.
(from -sikisa)
musikili1 (mi-) n. cape Mahogany, White Mahogany tree (Trichilia emetica).
musikili2 (mi-) n. kind of grass.
musiko (mi-) n. suit, uniform, coat made to measure. (from -sikisa).
musikuluhi (ba-) n. converted person, christian. (from -sikuluha)
musikululi1 (ba-) n. someone putting a person on the right way. (from -
sikulula).
musikululi2 (ba-) n. a man steering a canoe, a barge or a launch. (from
sikulula) syn. mukoboci.
musilahi (ba-) n. executioner, hang-man. (from -silaha).
musilelezi (ba-) n. protector. (from sileleza).
muselelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is crossing a river: Musi-lelo wa hae
kamita ki wa busEhu, ha sabi nuka {likwenaQ, he always crosses the river
at night for he does not fear the crocodiles. (from -sila).
musili1 (mi-) n. gun powder, soot black dirt under pots
musili2 (ba-) n. someone grinding red millet, tobacco, etc. (from-sila).
musilisi1 (ba-) n. mourner, widow or widower. (from -silisa). syn. mulili.
musilisi2 (ba-) n. ferryman. (from -sila). syn. sandaula
musilisezo (mi-) n. way in which a ferryman takes people across the river:
Musilisezo wa hae kamita ki wa litiyeho zemaswe, he has always a very
dilatory way of ferrying people across the river
musima (mi-) n. hole, den, ditch, burrow, pit. cf. Iihaha.
musimululi (ba-) n. (1) beginner, ini-tiator; (2) someone relating histor-
ical events from the beginning (historian). (from -simulula)
musindeketelo (mi-) n. (1) one's turn to escort visitors (2) way in which
someone accompanies people (from -sindeketa)
musindeketi (ba-) n. someone ac-companying or escorting a person or a party.
(from -sindeketa) cf. musotezi.
musindelelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is making fomentations (from -
sindela).
musindeli (ba-) n. a person applying warm compresses on a patient. (from -
sindela).
musindi (mi-) n. valley: vale, dale.
musindimanelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is standing or sit-ting close to
somebody: Wena mu-sindimanelo wa hao ha u bonisi likute, your manner of
sitting too close to people shows lack of re-spect. (from -sindimana).
musindo (mi-) n. sound of footsteps Mu sike mwa eza misindo mbututu u bata ku
onda, do not walk noisily for the baby is going off to sleep
musindulelo (mi-) n. way in which Πperson is removing dirt from someone's
body by rubbing or by scrubbing. (from oindub).
musinduli (ba-) n. a person rubbing or scrubbing in order to remove dirt from
someones body (from -sindula).
musindumuko, n. Iarge number of cattle on the move, (from -sindu-muka)
musinga1 (mi-) n. artery, vein, blood vessel.
musinga2 (mi-) n. gun trigger.
musinuli (ba-) n. someone revealing unknown things, who foretells the future;
prophet. (from -sinula) cf. mupobfita.
musinunelo (mi-) n. way in which a person puts someone under the in-fluence
of a stupefying medicine. (from sinuna).
musinuni (ba-) n. someone (usually a woman) who put a person under the
influence of a stupefying medi-cine. (from -sinuna).
musinyehi (ba-) n. a morally desti- tute person (from -sinyeha).
musinyi (ba-) n. spoiler, destroyer, wicked person. (from -sinya) syn.
sisiny4. musipili (mi-) n. journey, trip, voyage. syn. Iieto, luendo.
ousipili2 (mi-) n. kind of bird.
musisi1 (mi-) n. skirt (African style) 0 cf. skoci.
Fusisiteli (ba-) n. someone who tgropes about. (from -sisiteb).
musitanga (bo-musitanga) n. some-o ne who has a good or a bad influ-cnce on
another; (from -tanga) cf. sitangeyi, notanga.
musitasi (mi-) n. tibia, skin-bone.
_siti (ba-) n. someone pounding grain, cassava, etc., (from -sita)
~dtisi (ba-) n. someone helping f others in pounding. (from -sita).
musitelo (mi-) n. (1) one's turn to pound. (2) the way in which some-ione is
pounding (grain, cassava, etc.,) (from -sita).
~usiuli (ba-) n. mediator, peace-maker. (from -siula). cf. mulamuleli
_siululi (ba-) n. a person having a good influence on others; adviser. g
(from -siula).
musiyo (mi-) n. a bedroom, syn. muzuzu.
musiyoka (mi-) n. innocuous, harm-less water snake.
musizana (ba-) n. girl.
musokela-zebe (mi-) n. kind of aloe the sap of which is used to cure ear
sores. (from -soka).
Ousokelo (mi-) n. one's turn to cook buhobe, way in which some-one stirs
buhobe. (from -soka).
musoki (ba-) n. person who stirs buhobe. (from-soka).
musokwana (ma- or mi) n. stirring stick (from -soka) syn. Iusokwvana.
musole (ma-) n. Sotho. soldier. syn. Iisole. cf. mutabani.
musolokoto (mi-) n. trouble, distur- bance. cf. mufilifili.
musomi (ba-) n. mocker, scoffer (from -soma)
musongo (mi-) n. empty cartridge.
musotezi (ba-) n. someone taking cattle from one kraal to another. fig.
someone accompanying a weak person who has just been re-leased from
hospital. (from -soteza) cf. musindeketi.
musuba (mi-) n. bunch of grass; bundle of bark strips. cf. ndundu.
musubeko (mi-) n. obduracy, obsti-nacy, stubbornness (from -suboka). syn.
maha–i or m hanyi, musundundu.
musuhela (mi-) n. Iong soft grass Iying on the ground after flood, and
occasionally used for thatch-ing or making mattresses.
musuhi (ba-) n. someone who knows how to soften skins. (from -suha).
musukuluhi (ba-) n. see musikuluhi.
musulaeti (ba-) n. policeman escort-ing a prisoner. (from -subeta)
musuk lo (mi-) n. one's turn to share meals a person leading another (by
force) way in which someone is sharing food from the pot (from -sula).
musuli (ba-) n. someone removing a pot from the fire and serving out its
contents. (from -sub).
musub (mi-) n. portion of cooked mealie meal served in a plate. fig. a share,
one's share. (from -sula) cf. Iikato, limpule.
musulonyana (mi-) n. a small por-tion, a little bit. (from -sula).
musululi (ba-) n. someone who pours out any liquid. (from -sululs).
musumo (mi-) n. pole, pillar. fig. a strong, reliable, faithful man in any
group of peopic.
musunda-sunda, n. intrusion, en croachment (from -sunda). syn. musandasanda.
musundi (ba-) n. a person who pushes strongly and for a long time. (from -
sunda).
musundundu, n. obduracy; obsti-nacy; stubbornness. syn. maha–i or mahanyi,
musuboko.
musunga (mi-) n. (1) trouble caused by an intruder: Kacenu ha lu sika 'lobala
bake–i sa musunga wa litau ze ne keni mwa mulaka, we did not sleep well
last night because of the trouble caused by lions which broke into the
 kraal- (2) quarrel fighting Batu bani ki ba misunga mwa sibaka sa bona
nako kaufela, those people are fighting all the t-me in their home.
musungu (mi-) n. wild Wistaria tree (Bolusanthus speciosus)
musunsezo (mi-) n. one's turn to dip his buhobe in relish way in which
someone dips buhobe in relish (and takes it out) (from -sunsa).
musunya (mi-) n. swelling, bloated-ness caused by a blow.
musunelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is transplanting. (from -su–a).
musu–i (ba-) n. transplanter; a person planting cuttings. (from: suna).
musupali (ba-) n. an old person. (from -supala).
musupezi (ba-) n. someone who shows the way. (from -supezu).
mususuezi (ba-) n. a person who rouses up others (for a good, or for a bad
purpose, (from -susueza).
musutelo (mi-) n. dry manure.
musutisi (ba-) n. someone who re-moves things from one place to another.
(from -suta).
Musutu (ba-) n. native of Lesotho
Muswa, n. Sotho. Prime Minister. syn. Ngambela, Sope, Minyolui.
muswaeli (ba-) n. someone killing an animal already wounded (or an enemy in
war). (from -swaela).
muswai (ba-) n. a person making marks, signs (from -swaya).
muswakXlo (mi-) n. way in which someone holds things; way in which someone
apprehends a person. (from -swala).
muswali (ba-) n. someone who seizes, catches, grasps, holds or apprehends
(from -swala).
muswalisi (ba-) n. someone who helps a person to catch or to hold; someone
who causes a person to be apprehended. (from -swala).
muswanisi (ba-) n. photographer painter, artist (from -swanisa).
muswa–i or muswanyi (mi-) n. di-gested grass in the stomach of ru-minants
muswasezo (mi-) n. catch. Ha ku ko-nahali ku swasa linyunywani zepeli mwa
katwa ka muswasezo u/irnu–wi it is impossible to catch two birds at a time
in a snare. (from -swasa)
muswasi (ba-) n. -fisherman, trap-per. fig. a person who tries to catch
people by his words. (from -swasa).
muswenyehi (ba-) n. a person in hardship, in distress (from -swenya).
muswenyi (ba-) n. disturber tor-mentor. (from -swenya). cf. ;nuka-tazi.
musweto (mi-) n. (taken adverbi-ally) upstream, against the cur-rent. (from -
sweta). cf. mwenduko.
muh1 n. time, mostly used in ad-verbial expressions: Muta wani, at that time;
ni kamuta, never; samuta -munene, samute-shumi, previously: Ki–i ha no
sika bulela ka samute-shumi? why did you not say that previously? Mite–i
ya kale, in the past, in olden times; mutakatala, at the time of famine:
Mbututu yo ki mutakatala, this baby was born during the time of famine.
muta2 conj. when, during: Muta ni funduka ba lapa la hesu ne ba swa-bile
hahulu, when I left all the family were very sad
mutabani1 (ba-) n. warrior, soldier. (from -tabana).
mutabani2 (mi-) n. toilet-seat: Ku ya kwa mutabani. to go to the toilet
mutabelezi (ba-) n. chief singer in a chorus (from -tabeleza)
mutabi (ba-) n. stabber, (from -taba)
Futabo (mi-) n. Luyana. garden, field. syn. simu, tima.
mutafuneli (ba-) n. a person recom-mending someone to another. tfrom-tafuna).
m¢tahali (mi-) n. jaw, jaw bone, mandible: mutahali wa kwatasi, lower jaw;
mutahali wa kwahalimu, upper Jaw
mHtahulelo (mi-) n. way in which someone weeds. (from -tahula)
mutahuli (ba-) n. weeder (person) (from -tahula)
mutahulisi (ba-) n. person who helps to weed (from -tahula).
mutai (mi-) n. branch, bough.
mutaipelo (mi-) n. Eng. way in which someone types. (from -hipa).
mutaipi (ba-) n. Eng. typist (from -taipa).
mutaka (mi-) n. Iong grass near water (grass well known for fatten-ing
cattle)
mutaka-fululele, adv. Luyana. ac-cording to one's wish: Mutu umaswe ku no
zamayanga mutaka-fululele, it is bad for a person to move as one wishes.
mutakatala1 (bo-mutakatala) n. noun used adverbially; born in time of famine.
mutakatala2 (mi-) n. Swift (bird).
mutaki (ba-) n. someone silful in parrying blows (from -taka)
mutakisi (ba-) n. Eng. one who pegs. (skin, tent, etc.) (from -takisa).
mutakuli; (ba-) n. someone who rubs, who wipes (from -takula)
mutakwe, adv. purposely: Ba mu yela mutakwe, they are going pur-posely to
challenge him to fight.
mutala1 (mi-) n. (1) trace, footprint. trail; (2) mark. (3) example idiom.
exp. ku itimeza mitala, to feign in-nocence.
mutala2 (mi-) n. Litunga's courtyard
mutalahali (bo-mutalahali) n. a de-ceased person, the late
mutalani (mi-) n. bad snuff, (too fresh)
mutalelo (mi-) n. (1) way in which a container is filled up (2) ’lood:
Mutalelo wa mezi a unomwaha ufita –ohola, this year's flood is greater
than that of last year. (from -tala).
mutalifelile (bo-mutalifelile) n. noun used adverbially- born in poverty;
being too late fo; good luck Luna lu bo mutalifelile lufumani mukiti so
unguzi, we are unfortunate for the feast was over by the time we ar-rived
mutalifi (ba-) n. wise, learned, highly educated person (from -talifa). syn.
sitalifi.
mutalimelo (mi-) n. manner of look-ing at; a look. (from -talima).
mutalingelo (mi-) n. way in which a person ties something. (from -ta-linga).
mutaluhanyi (ba-) n. someone skilled in giving convincing expla-nations
(from-taluhanya)
mutalusezo (mi-) n. way in which an explanation is given. (from -talusa)
mutalusi (ba-) n. explainer, inter preter, commentator. (from -talusa).
mutama1 (mi-) n. first lot of fish caught in a bow-net (it is a taboo to fry
and salt them, they can only be eaten boiled). (from -tams).
mutama2 (mi-) n. capacity (of a con-tainer).
mutamba (mi-) n. nicotine tar resi-due in the bowl of a pipe.
mutambeki (ba-) n. someone hold-ing out things (from -tambeka).
mutambisi (b) n. Luyana. someone who sells witchcraft medicines. (from -
tamba).
mutambo (mi-) n. thong of meat (fresh or dried; biltong).
mutsmbwelo (mi-) n. manner of speaking ostentatiously. (from -hmbwa).
mutambwi (h-) n. a person speak-ing ostentatiously. (from -hmbwa).
mutamelezi (ba-) n. someone who makes false accusations. (from -h-meleza).
mutamelo (mi-) n. way in which a person ties something (from -hma). Sy".
mutalingelo.
mutami (ba-) n. someone who binds, ties. (from -tama).
mutamululi (ba-) n. someone who unbinds, unties. (from -tama).
mutamuni (ba-) n. someone eating the first fruit of any crop. (from -tamuna)
see: katamu.
mutana1 (mi-) n. womb; matrix; pla-centa fig. useless, worthless person.
mutan 2 (mi-) n. enclosure of a wife of the Litunga: Ha ku yoliswanga
manduna. ba boniswanga kwa mitana ya habo bona, when Indu-nas are
appointed it is a custom to introduce them to the enclosure head, through
whom they will have access to the Litunga.
mutanafu (mi-) n. kind of tree.
mutanali (ba-) n. a thrasher. (from -tanala).
mutandalelwa, n. way in which a dead person is left stretched out and not
bent back according to the old tradition.
mutandalo (mi-) n. Iong piece of fire-wood: Kota ya mutandalo large dead tree
Iying on the ground. (from -tandala).
mutande (mi-) n. period of mourn-ing after death.
mutandelo (mi-) n. way in which players hit the ball. (tindi in the cileke
game). (from -tanda).
mutandi (ba-) n. player hitting the ball (tindi in the ciVeke game) (from -
hnda).
mutanp (ba-) n. slave.
mutanpeli (ba-) n. a person who walks with great diEculty because of illness.
(from -tangaela).
mutanpelisi (ba-) n. someone ac-companying a weak person handi-capped by
illness. (from -hngaela).
mutanplati (mi-) n. Pied King-fisher. (from -tang lŒla)- syn- ne"B-elele,
sitaka, sakacompole.
mutanpna (ba- or mi-) n. young-man, youth, lad.
mutanpnyo (mi-) n. canine mad-ness. (from -tangany ) cf. bupulu-muki.
mutangeti (ba-) n. someone who sends goods ahead. (from -hn-geta).
mutangi (ba-) n. Luyana. beginner, pioneer. (from 4anga).
mutango (mi-) n. Luyana. one of the royal drums. (from -tJ"8J)
mutanguti (ba-) n. a person expert in reciting fables and narrating old
tales. (from -t nguta).
mutano (mi-) n. wooden foot-bridge. (from -hna).
mutanliki (h-) n. someone who staggers. (from -tantalika).
mutanulelo (mi-) n. way in which someone keeps to marital agree-ments of
polygamy. (from -tanula)
mutapauli (ba-) n. someone fre-quently using offensive language. (from -
tapaula).
mutapelo (mi-) n. way in which someone swims, baths or washes himself. (from
-tapa)
mutapi (mi-) n. flock, herd, group.
mutapisezo1 (mi-) n. (1)way in which someone washes, cleanses; (2) way in
which someone takes cattle across a river- (3) one's turn to wash things
(from ztapisa1).
mutapisezo2 (mi-) n. way in which someone tames animals. (from-tapis l).
mutapisi1 (ba-) n. person who does washing. (2) someone who takes cattle
across a river (from -tapisa1).
mutapisi2 (ba-) n. a person who tames an animal. (from 4apisa2).
mutapiso (mi-) n. training of horses, cattle, etc Iikomu za mutapiso, oxen
ready for the york. (from -tapisa).
nutapo-wa-beko (mi-) n. nerve (anat).
mutata1 (mi-) n. a large type of latex tree.
mutata2 (mi-) hair-ridge on the back of animals: Nja i yemisa mutata, the dog
gets angry.
mutatafazi (ba-) n. someone who complicates matters. (from-tata-faza).
mutataukelo (mi-) n. way in which someone speaks very angrily. (from -
tatauka).
muXtauli (ba-) n. demolisher. (from -tataub).
muXtehelo (mi-) n. (1) way in which someone cooks, (2) one's turn to cook.
(from -tateha).
mutatehi (ba-) n. cook. (from -tateha). syn. kuka.
mutateki (ba-) n. beginner (from -tateka). syn. mukali.
mutateli (ba-) n. someone who loads a gun (from -tatela).
mutatelo1 (mi-) n. gun-load (muzzle-loader) from -tatela).
mutatelo2 (mi-) n. way in which someone twines string, curls hair, twists
bark rope. (from -tata)
mutati (ba-) n. someone expert in curling hair, twisting ropes, hair plaiter,
etc., (from -tata).
mutatubelo (mi-) n. way in which someone examines, inspects, sur-veys. (from
-tahba).
mutatubi (ba-) n. examiner, sur-veyor, inspector, (from itatuba).
mutatuli (ba-) n. someone who started to cultivate a field. (from -tatula).
mutauluswa (mi-) n. rich milk pro-duced after the period following calving.
cf. kazele.
mutazelezi (ba-) n. someone who emphasises what has been said, someone who
exhausts a subject. (from -taza).
mutazezo (mi-) n. vomit. (from -taza)
muteelezi (ba-) n. Iistener. (from teeleza).
muteeb (mi-) n. manner of setting a trap, of laying a bow net. (from -teya).
mutei (ba-) n. someone who sets a trap, a snare or positions bow nets. (from
-tea).
mutelel (mi-) n. kind of tree.
mutele2 n. contentment, well-being, comfort.
mutelisi (ba-) n. tax collector. (from -tela).
muteb (mi-) n. tax. Ievy. (from tela).
mutembo (mi-) n. Yellow Wood (Monotess glaber) (tree).

mutembu, n. friendliness (from -tembula)

mutembuli (ba- (ba-) n. comforter (from -tembula)
mutemwa (mi-) n. jungle- dense forest cf. sikwa.
mute-na-muke' adv. exp. Luya-na.out and in: Ku zamaya mutena-muke, mutu wa
katala, it is always tiring to take a journey somewhere and come back on
the same day.
mutende' noun used adverbially ac-cording to someone's caprice; im-agination
or fancy: ku hulisa bana mu’ende, to bring up children without severity.
mutende2 n. newspaper, magazine.
mutendewa (bo-mutendewa) n. Luyana. a good servant (from -tenda).
mutenga (mi-) n. feather. cf. muti-belo.
mutengenyi (ba-) n. one who ba-lances a pot on her head (from -tengenya).
mutengumushamba (mi-) n. Fork-tailed Drongo (bird).
mutepwelele (mi-) n. substance without much consistence
mutetelelwa, n. fear of the least pain .
muteteli (ba-) n. person who cuts bushes in a forest garden (from -tetela).
muteto1 (mi-) n. suet
muteto2 (mi-) n. cry of a great pain, cry of distress (from -teta)
mutibeleli (ba-) n. someone who is living in a camp, camper, stranger putting
up for a night (from -tibe-lela).
mutibeli (ba-) n. someone who pre-vents cattle from entering people's gardens
(from-tibela)
mutibeleloa (mi-) n. (1) one's turn to stop cattle from damaging crops. (2)
way in which people agree to take turns in stopping cattle from damaging
crops (from -tibela).
mutibelelo2 (mi-) n. way in which cattle are spending the first night in a
new place: Likomu za mutibe-lelo li tata kwa ku lifunga, it is diffi-cult
to tie up cattle for the first night in a new place. (from -tibe-lela).
mutibelo (mi-) n. egret-feather, os-trich feather.
mutibo (mi-) n. sanitary cordon. (from -tiba)
mutibulelo (mi-) n. way in which someone is knocking plaster of a wall (from-
tibula).
mutibuli (ba-) n. a person who beats plaster in order to make it fall down.
fig. a person severely beat-ing someone with the fists (from -tibula).
mutibulo (mi-) n. earth scraped off a plastered wall. fig. blows inflicted on
someone with the fist. (from -tibula.
mutibululi (ba-) n. a person uncork-ing a bottle, etc., (from -tibulula).
mutiisi (ba-) n. someone who makes a success of his work by persever-ance.
(from -tiisa).
mutikitibelo (mi-) n. Eng. way in which a detective performs his work. (from-
tikitiba).
mutikitibi (ba-) n. Eng. detective (from: -tikitiba)
mutila (mi-) n. Iine (on paper or slate).
mutili (ba-) n. someone skilful in making designs with hot irons (paddles,
wooden dishes, spoons, etc.,) (from -tila)
mutimani (ba-) n. avaricious, mis-erly person; a close-fisted person (from -
tima).
mutimbulelo (mi-) n. manner in which someone looks daggers at another (from -
timbula).
mutimi (ba-) n. used in tF,e express-ion: mutimi wa mulilo, fire ex-
tinguisher (a man). (from -tima). cf. mutimuni.
mutimulundu (mi-) n. peel (of roots, etc.,)
mutimuni (ba-) n. someone who fights against or destroys fire. cf. mutimi.
(from -timuna).
mutinelo (mi-) n. way in which someone wears skirts, kilts, etc., (from -
tina).
mutinisi (ba-) n. dresser; a person helping someone to dress. (from -tina).
mutinya (mi-) n. kind of small ante-iope.
mutipani (bo- mutipani) n. a lovely
mutisi (ba-) n. someone who brings something. (from -tisa).
mutiyo (mi-) n. stick used for carry-ing things on the shoulder. syn.
mukukskelo
mutobi1 (ba-) n. deserter, runaway. (from -toba).
mutobi2 (ba-) n. someone nursing by making fomentations. (from -toba).
mutobisi (ba-) n. (1) someone who unties calves in order to let them go and
suck their mothers. (from -tobisa) cf. mufungululi. mulukulili. (2)
someone who elopes with someone's daughter.
mutobiso (mi-) n. portion of meat (lower ribs).
mutobo1 (mi-) n. reedbuck antelope.
mutobo2 (mi-) n. kind of tree (often used for making canoes).
mutoho (mi-) n. Iiquor, beer. syn. bucwala.
mutoiwa (bo-mutoiwa) n. a hated person. (from -toya).
mutokolelo (mi-) n. way in which a digger cleans out canals, water courses,
etc. (from -tokola).
mutokoli (ba-) n. digger (cleaning out canals, watercourses, etc.) (from -
tokola).
mutokolisi (ba-) n. person supervis-ing people cleaning out canals, etc.
(from-tokola).
mutokomeli (ba-) n. person ap-pointed to take care of people or goods. (from
-tokomela).
mutokotelo (mi-) n. way in which someone utters hoarse sounds when singing
for a dancer; way in which a leopard roars. (from -tokota)
mutokoti (ba-) n. a person uttering raucous sounds. (from -tokota). .,
mutokoya (mi-) n. kind of fish (with a small mouth) syn. nembeie.
mutokwi (ba-) n. a person in great need. (from -tokwa).
mutolalibona (bo-mutolalibona) n. a person who has experienced so many
misfortunes in his life that he is no longer surprised by any. (from -
bona).
mutolo (mi-) n. see mitolo.
mutolokelo (mi-) n. way in which a person interprets, or translates orally.
(from -toloka).
mutoloki (ba-) n. interpreter. (from -toloka).
mutololwani (mi-) n. upper part of loins: Ni belekile hahulu, mane linama za
ka za mitololwani li butuku, I worked so hard that my back is painful.
(usual plural mito-lolwani).
mutolongoshelo (mi-) n. manner of explaining things in detail. (from -
tolongosha).
mutobngoshi (ba-) n. a person who explains correctly and in detail. (from -
tolongosha).
mutomboli (ba-) n. a person who de-prives others of food, etc., (from -
tombola).
mutome (mi-) n. eel.

mutomelo (mi-) n. way in which someone erects a house. (from -tomal).

mutomeneni (ba-) n. a person who persists in doing something. (from -
tomenena).
mutomi (ba-) n. someone who builds, strengthens foundations: mutomi wa ndu,
someone who builds a house; mutomi wa munzi founder of a village, mutomi
wa milao, law-maker. (from 40ma).
mutomolelo (mi-) n. way in which someone extracts thorns, chigoe lice
(jiggers), etc., (from -tomola).
mutomoli (ba-) n. someone able to extract thorns, lice, etc.; (from -tomola).
mutompehi (ba-) n. Sotho honoura-ble, respectable person. (from -tompa).
mutomunwi, adv. perhaps, may be. syn. mwendi, samutandeti.
mutondeleti, n. constant suspicion about people who might have stolen missing
things. (from -tonda)
mutondot (mi-) n. kind of tree, the inner bark of which is used for tying
making ropes and in erecting buildings; forest where these trees abound.
mutondo2 (mi-) n. Luyana. medicine (generic name). tree.
mutondokelo (mi-) n. way in which people mourn at the death of someone. (from
-tondoka) cf. -bonka.
mutonelo (mi-) n. (I ) habit of sitting up near the fire in the evening; (2)
sleeplessness, insomnia. (from -tona)
mutonga (mi-) n. Luvale basket
mutongelo (mi-) n. manner in which a person groans, moans, wails. (from -
tonga).
mutongi (ba-) n. a person who groans, moans with pain (from -tonga)
mutongokelo (mi-) n. manner in which a person grumbles, protests or
complains. (from: -tongoka).
mutongoki (ba-) n. grumbler, com-plainer; critic. (from: 40ngska).
mutongolelo (mu-) n. way in which someone uproots (with the hand hoe, etc . .
.) (from: -tongola).
mutongoli (ba-) n. a person who up-roots (water-lily bulbs, etc. ...) with
the hand, a hoe, etc .. fig. (1) a person maliciously resurrect-ing long
forgotten misdeeds done by others; (2) someone dis-covering the body of a
dead person. (from: 40ngola).
mutongomoni (ba-) n. someone who shells maize cobs. (from: -tongo-mona).
mutoni (ba-) n. wide awake person. (from -tona).
mutonisi (ba-) n. someone keeping company with people around the fire in the
evening. (from: -topa).
mutopo, adj. Iarge at the bottom and narrow at the top: Sishete sa ka ki sa
mutopo, my granary is large at the bottom and narrow at the top.
mutose (mi-) n. shelled maize-cob-syn. sokola.
mutosi (ba-) n. (1) someone dis-covering others' bad intentions against
himself; (2) someone find-ing an unexpected thing (from: -tosa).
mutotolosi (ba-) n. a person who speaks endlessly. (from: -totolose).
mutoya (mi-) n. kind of tree (Water Berry, Waterboom (Afrik tree) (Syzygium
cordatum).
mutozezo (mi-) n. way in which someone smears somebody's skin with vaseline.
(from -toza)
mutoziX (ba-) n. lame person (from: -toza)
mutozi2 (ba-) n. a person anointing someone on a special occasion. (from: -
toza).
mutu (ba-) n. human being.
mutuatua (mi-) n. kind of tree.
mutuba (mi-) n. defect of having only one testicle.
mutubaki (ba-) n. a very active person, a hard-working person. (from: -
tubaka). :
mutubeti (ba-) n. one who kisses. (from: -tubeta).
mutubi (ba-) n. a person who breaks something. (from: 4uba).
mutubu, n. manner of being ac-cused among many. (from: -tubu-lula)
mutubulelo (mi-) n. way in which a husband takes back personal ef-fects from
his divorced wife, (from: -tubula).
mutubululi (ba-) n. someone taking food from boiling pot. (from;-tu-bulula;
see the same).
mutuhu (mi-) n. cupping horn. syn. mulumeho.
mutukufazi (ba-) n. a teasing, tor-menting, worrying person. (from: -
tukufaza).
mutukule (mi-) n. Luvale. a witch-craft medicine, the virtue of which is
believed to separate the soul from the body (from: -tukula) syn. muhole.
mutukulelo (mi-) n. way in which a person sifts with a winnowing basket.
(from -tukula)
mutukuli (ba-) n. a person sifting with a winnowing basket. (from -tukula).
mutukutelo (mi-) n. way in which a robber despoils, sacks, etc. (from -
tukuta).
mutukuti (ba-) n. robber, despoiler (from: tukuta).
mutulehi (ba-) n. person knowing how to give an enema. (from tuleha)
mutulelol (mi-) n. way in which a blacksmith forges. (from -tula).
mutuleh2 (mi-) n. (1) way in which someone jumps, (2) one's turn to jump
(from -tula).
mutulil (ba-) n. blacksmith, smith. (from -tual2). syn. simufulanyundo.
mutuli2 (ba-) n. conqueror, victor, winner, champion. (from: -tuh1).
mutuli3 (ba-) n. jumper; mutuli -wa-mulao, law-breaker. (from: 4ula3).
mutulisi (ba-) n. someone fertilizing a plot by means of cattle. (from -
tulisa).
mutulo, n. north
mutulu (mi-) n. kind of tree.
mutululi1 (ba-) n. someone who has power to dismiss people from their
positions (from:-tulula).
mutululi2 (ba-) n. someone taking down something from above. (from -tulula).
mutumba (mi-) n. clay pot not yet fired. (from -tumba).
mutumbeki (ba-) n. someone who sets afire, ablaze (from: -tum-beka).
mutumbi (mi-) noun taken adverbi-ally ¥ (1) completely: lizazi mu-tumbi, the
whole day; (2) straight away- ku miza mutumbi, to swallow greedily
mutumbu (mi-) n. elephantiasis.
mutumbulelo1 (mi-) n. someone's turn to make a fire. (from: -tum-bula').
mutumbulelo2(mi-) n. way in which someone castrates, gelds. (from -tumbula2).
mutumbuli1 (ba-) n. someone who lights a fire, a candle, etc., (from -
tumbula').
mutumbuli2 (ba-) n. someone who knows how to castrate, how to geld (from-
tumbula2).
mutumbulwa (mi-) n. Kaffir Plum Bulozi Plum. (Flacourtia indica).
mutumbwe (mi-) n. pinnacle of a plaited grass which crowns the apex of a hut,
see kashongwa: Ndu ya mutu ya shwile i zibahala kamita ka ku tokwa
 mutumbwe, a dead per- son's house can always be recogni- sed by its lack
of the pinnacle of plaited grass. :
mutumo (mi-) n. kind of grass often used in making bow nets.
mutunda (mi-) n. kind of tree bear- ing edible fruit (its root serve to
prepare a medicine believed to give strength or to make food go a long
way.) (from -tunduluka). syn. muchenje.
mutundaelelo (mi-) n. manner of swinging one's shoulders when walking in
order to attract atten- tion. (from -tundaela).
mutundameni or mutundameno, n. perseverance, firmness steadfast- Sness. (from
4undamenaj.
mutundani (ba-) n. a person resist- ing most energetically. (from 4un- dana).
mutungeki (ba-) n. someone starting the construction of the roof of a hut.
(from -tungeka).
mutungo (mi-) n. shoot, sprout (of plants).
mutungu (mi-) n. divining basket. cf. ngombo, taula.
mutungulu (mi-) n. water-lily, nenu- phar.
mutungumuni (ba-) n. a person who provokes, challenges another. (from: -
tungumuna).
mutungununi (ba-) n. person clever at solving riddles. (from: -tungu- nuna)
mutuntaeli (ba-) n. someone who walks clumsily. (from 4untsela).
mutuntuliki (ba-) n. toddler. (from -tuntulika).
mutunumaneno (mi-) n. appearance of a large animal killed in hunting. (from -
tunumana).
mutupanyi (ba-) n. squanderer (from -tupanya).
mutuputupu (mi-) n. milk just cur-dling. (from -tupumuka).
mutusi (ba-) n. helper, collaborator: mutusi wa sakata, a reliable helper;
mutusi wa mbwashula, a very use-less helper. fig. a woman who falls in
love with anyone. (from 4usa).
mutuso (mi-) n. medicine having the unusual quality of giving abun-dance of
milk to women, cattle, etc. (from-tusa).
mututatuti (ba-) n. a person moving often from one residence to an-other.
(from 4uta).
mututi1 (ba-) n. a person moving from one reskdence to another. (from -
tuta2).
mututi2 (ba-) n. someone straining filtering beer. (from 4uta').
mututisi1 (ba-) n. someone who causes or helps a person to move from one
residence to another-someone who helps a person to remove goods. (from
4uta2).
mututisi2 (ba-) n. someone supervis-ing the straining of beer. (from -tuta').
mututo (mi-) n. strainer, colander (from -tuta')
mututo2 (mi-) n. habit of moving from one place to another. (from-tuta2).
mututuli (ba-) n. someone shaking off dust. (from 4utula).
mutuwatuwa (mi-) n. kind of tree.
mutuya (mi-) n. Msasa tree (Bra-chystegia spicifomis) (see li-kumba).
mutwa, n. kind of grass. syn. lwanda.
mutwaieti (bo-mutwaleti or batwa-leti) n. (1) a person appointed to preceed
the Litunga whenever he leaves the palace for the court (2) fore-runner,
precursor. (3) some-one who carries or sends goods ahead. (from 4waleta)
_ku1 (mi-) n. chaff (corn, millet) (also muku) syn. ndunu.
muuku2 (mi-) n. Iong type of cala-bash used as resonance-box in a xylophone
(silimba) (also muku). cf. siteya.
muukuli (ba-) n. someone who skims cream, fat, etc. (from -ukula).
muukumeli (ba-) n. a person peep-ing at, observing with curiosity. (from -
ukumela).
muukwa-ukwani (mi-) n. measles.
muulu (mi-) n. charm belt, charm arm band made of python or bush-iguana skin.
(believed to pro-tect against curses)
muulusi (ba-) n. a person who win-nows. fig. a person who reveals all secrets
(from-ulusa).
muumbi (ba-) n. someone who builds a shelter with mats or grass. (from -
umba).
muumbulu (ba-) n. very old woman.
muumbwa (mi-) n. kind of tree.
muumeli (ba-) n. a person skilful in fermenting beer (from -umela)
muumena (mi-) n. rumour, uncon-firmed report: Taba ye ni utwilefela muumena
wa yona, I have just heard a rumour about this matter
muundo (mi-) n. short mud dyke having gaps where fish traps. can be set. cf.
bwalelo.
muundunganyi (ba-) n. a trouble-some person (from-undunganya)
muundu-wa-lilao, adv. exp. for the last time, never to be done again; Hona ha
ni kufa cwana ki muundu-wa-lilao, ha ni na ku ku fa sesi–wi hape, I am
giving you this for the last time; I will not do it again.
muuneli (ba-) n. deliver, saver, res-cuer. (from -unela). syn. mulamu-leli.
muungeki (ba-) n. a man who starts a dance by beating the drums (from -
ungeka).
muungi (ba-) n. someone who gath-ers persons or things together, someone who
mends a fire; founder, organiser; (from unga).
muungulo, n. see mungulo.
muungumani (ba-) n. someone who sits down, silently waiting for something or
somebody. (from -ungumana).
muupa (mi-) n. mark left by strokes on the skin. (from -opa).
muuta (mi-) n. mouldiness, musti-ness. (from -uta).
muutelo (mi-) n. way in which a person brings up children. (from -uta).
muuti1 (mi-) n. kind of tree
muuti2 (ba-) n. a person who feeds people; a person who brings up children,
guardian (from -uta)
muutisi (ba-) n. someone who helps to bring up children. (from -uta).
muutwa (miu-) n. thorn. fig. weari-some, troublesome person.
(muutwana (miu-) n. attractive dog
muutweli (ba-) n. delegate, rep-resentative. (from -utwa).
muutwisisi (ba-) n. open-minded person, quick in understanding things (from-
utwa).
muuwa (mi-) n. sand covered by shallow water.
muuzwezo (mi-) n. way in which a thief steals. (from -uzwa).
muuzwi (ba-) n. thief, robber, bur-glar. (from-uzwa)
muwa1 (mi-) n. food wrapped in grass

muwa2 (awa) n. Luyana. good-look-ing woman.

muwayawaya, n. Ioose cash: Ni ya kwa sintolo ku yo cinca kwacha ya ka
muwayawaya, I am going to the store to change my one kwacha note for
silver
muwayi (ba-) n. person who fishes with a fishing spear. (from -waya). cf.
mushondi.
muwayo (mi-) n. fishing-spear (from -waya). cf. mushumba.
muwela-mufeto (bo-muwela-mufeto ) n. intruder: Wena u nzi muwela-mufeto, ha u
lukeli ku kena mwa litaba za luna, you have no right to interfere in our
affairs for you are just an outsider (from -wa).
muwina (ba-) n. Luyana. servant.
muwina-muywandi (bawina-muy-wandi) n. Luyana. Litunga's servant or messenger,
someone who acts on behalf of the Litunga. syn. muy-wandi.
muwini (ba-) n. Eng. winner, cham-pion. (from -wina).
muwiwi (mi-) n. kind of tree- edible fruit of the same. syn. muhwahwa.
muya n. kind of grass (very abun-dant during the flood and hinder-ing
navigation when the water sub-sides).
muyabani (ba-) n. jabberer. (from -yabana) syn. mungayani.
muyabulelo (mi-) n. way of lifting up fishing lines when angling (from -
yabula).
muyahelo (mi-) n. way in which someone builds. (from -yaha).
muyahi1 (ba-) n. inhabitant, dweller. (from -yaha).
muyahi2 (ba-) n. builder, brick-layer, mason. (from -yaha).
muyahisi (ba-) n. assistant builder someone in charge of building contractor.
(from -yaha).
muyaho (mi-) n. building, constru ion; habitation. (from -yaha).
muyakelo (mi-) n. ability of a rain-maker to drive back rain. (from -yaka).
muyaki (ba-) n. a person who can stop rain from falling (from -yaka)
muyakwani (ba-) n. someone who gathers firewood. (frdm -yak-wana).
muyabli (ba-) n. someone con-structing dykes in order to catch fish. tfrom -
yalela).
muyalelo (mi-) n. (1) way in which someone spreads out sleepinB mats, (2)
someone's turn to make up a bed (from -yala).
muyali (ba-) n. bedroom servant, a person who makes up beds (from -yala).
muyaluli (ba-) n. someone who folds up bedding. (from -yala)
muyabaeli (ba-) n. vagabound, wan-derer, vagrant. (from -yambaela) syn.
nyambangeti. muyambango or
mwiyambango (bo-muyambango) n. Luyana. child whom parents have little hope to
keep alive for a long time.
muyambelo (mi-) n. method in which fishermen catch fish with their nets:
Muyambelo wa bona, ba yamba ni busEhu kaufela, ha ba lobali, their method
is to fish throughout the night without any rest. (from -yamba).
muyambi (ba-) n. fisherman (using nets). (from -yamba). fig. prosti-tute,
whore. syn. Iltuwa; some-times applied to a dissolute man.
muyambisi (ba-) n. someone ap-pointed to lead a fishing party. (from -yamba).
muyambuli (ba-) n. a fisherman taking nets out of the water. (from -yamba).
muyambutuki (ba-) n. someone who speaks nonsense (from -yambu-tuka).
muyamunweni (ba-) n. a person who helps someone in distress or someone
overcome by work. (from -ya-munwena).
Muyana. n. August.
mayandingelo (mi-) n. someone's turn for stirring up food spread out in the
sun- manner of doing it. (from -yandinga).
mayandingi (ba-) n. someone who stirs up any kind of food (esp. meal, fish,
etc. ) spread out in the sun in order to dry it). (from -yan-dinge).
muyanehi (ba-) n. a person who spreads out (blankets, clothes, food, etc ...)
in the sun. (from-yaneha).
muyangi1 (ba-) n. a person who plucks fruit from a tree, or gathers
vegetables. (from -yanga').
muyangi2 (ba-) n. eloper, a person who has taken someone's wife (from: -
yanga2).
muyani (ba-) n. someone who gives a present to a dancer in order to encourage
him. (from -yana).
muyanuni (ba-) n. someone who re-moves things which had been spread out in
the sun. (from -yanuna).
muyatelo (mi-) n. way in which an African doctor cuts arteries to re-lieve
people from neuralgia, eye troubles, toothache, etc. (from -yata).
muyati (ba-) n. African doctor expert in cutting arteries (custom believed to
relieve people from neuralgia, head-ache, etc ... (from -yata).
muyauluki (ba-) n. a person easily influenced or misled, a pliable person
(from -ysuluka). cf. muysu-lulwa.
muyaululi1 (ba-) n. misleader, some-one perverting others. (from -yau-lula).
muyaululi2(ba-) n. someone who takes things belonging to others, unobserved
and without permis-sion. (from -yaulula).
muysululwa (bo-muyaululwa) n. a pliable person easily influenced and misled.
(from -yaulula). cf. muysuluki.
muyayabmo (mi-) n. denial, retrac-tation, recantation, abjuration (from
yaya).
muyayi (ba-) n. recanter, retractor, abjurer. (from -yaya)
muyayuli (ba-) n. someone who scales fish. (from -yayula).
muyebuli (ba-) n. someone who peels fruit, vegetables, etc., fig. a person
who refuses to give (from -yebula).
muyebulisi (ba-) n. someone who helps to peel (from -yebula).
muyembani (ba-) n. someone who is always on the move. (from: yem-bana)
muyemeli (ba-) n. defender, advo-cate, solicitor; protector. (from: -yemela).
muye-muye, n. Luyana. (1) the un-known: Litaba za hae li ile mwa muyeqnuye
his case ended without a conclusion; (2) an unknown place: Potoloto ya ka
i ile mwa muye-muye, my pencil is lost some-where syn. kunu, nakuwana,
yoka-mhwele.
muyenabo, n. witchcraft medicine believed to give the person who took it the
power to kill, after his death, the one who had bewitched him and all his
relatives.
muyendameno, n. anything against which one leans one's back: sipula sa
muyendameno, deck chair (from -yendamena). syn. mayendameno.

muyenduli (ba-) n. a person who takes away something leaning against a wall,
a fence, etc .. (from: -yendula).
muyengelo (mi-) n. way in which a person gives a smooth finish to some wood
work. (from: -yenga)
muyengi (ba-) n. someone skilful in giving a smooth finish to wood work fig.
a person who refuses to give food to another. (from: -yenga)
muyengo (mi-) n. gun-barrel
muyepelo (mi-) n. way in which people dig canals (from: -yepa).
muyepi (ba-) n. digger, dike navvy (from: -yepa)
muyepisi (ba-) n. supervisor of canal diggers. (from: -yepa).
muyowani (ba-) n. Luyana. swim-mer. (from: -yowana).
muyubelo (mi-) n. way in which someone scoops, bails, etc . . (from: -yuba)
muyubi (ba-) n. someone who scoops out, bails, etc. . (from: -yuba)
muyumbeli (ba-) n. someone who heaps up garden-beds in prep-aration for
planting yams. (from -yumbela)
muyumbulelo (mi-) n. habit of giving food to guests (from: -yumbula).
muyumbuli (ba-) n. a person who gives food to guests, an hospitable person
(from:-yumbula).
muyumena, n. heat causing the per-spiration of a sick person inhaling the
vapour of medicated boiling water. (from: -yumena).
muyunduli (ba-) n. someone who knows how to wash and cleans si-kuswani,
tubers (from: -yundula)
muyungu (mi-) n. kind of shrub, the roots of which are used in the
preparation of a medicine be-lieved to give appetite and strength: Na ni
cile muyungu, ha ni kuleli fakaufÀ, I am not satisfied with so little
food, for I have taken muyungu medicine.
muyuya, n. thing (usually food) in-sufficiently pressed down in a con-tainer:
Na ha ni lati ku leka sizuma sa nouyuya, definitely I wiil not buy a half
full bood container.
muyuyaukelo (mi-) n. very strong and impolite way of speaking (from: -yuyoka)
muyuyuli (ba-) n. someone who picks up something lloating on the water
(from:-yuyula).
muywandi (ba-) n. Luyana. Litunga'.v servant, messenger- a person acting on
behalf of the Litunga. syn. mwina-muywandi.
muywela (mi-) n. kind of tree; fruit of the same
muzamaelo (mi-) n. manner of walking (from:-zamaya)
muzamai (ba-) n. traveller, person on a journey (from -zamaya) syn. mwenda.
muzamaisi (ba-) n. Ieader, guide; conductor, driver; supervisor, manager,
director (from: -zamaya)
muzamao (mi-) n. conduct, charac-ter, behaviour (from:-zamaya).
muzauli (mi-) n. kind of tree (much used in cabinet making); fruit of the
same. (see mazauli).
muzeki (ba-) n. a person who takes another to court, plaintiff. (from: -zeka)
muzekisi (ba-) n. judge, magistrate. syn. muatuii (from: -zeka).
muzeko (mi-) n. dispute, conten-tion, prosecution, case, law-suit. (from: -
zeka)
muzeze (mi-) n. the tip of a horn.
muzibi (ba-) n. someone who knows things, who is well acquainted with. (from:
-ziba).
muzibisi (ba-) n. informer, an-nouncer, notifier, advertiser. (from: -ziba).
muzilili (mi-) n. fresh milk. cf. mabisi.
muzingili (mi-) n. kind of tree. fig. strong, healthy man.
muzubelo (mi-) n. manner of smok-ing, of taking snuff. (from: -zuba).
muzubi (ba-) n. smoker, snuff-taker. (from: -zuba).
muzubisi (ba-) n. a person offering snuff or tobacco to someone. (from: -
zuba).
muzumelo (mi-) n. way in which someone hunts. (from -zuma).
muzumi (ba-) n. hunter; muzumi wa litaba, detective (from -zuma).
muzumisi (ba-) n. someone who guides a hunter. (from -zuma).
muzumina (mi-) n. kind of tree.
~nuzumiwa (ba-) n. a victim of false accusations (from -zuma).
muzungubazi (ba-) n. someone who very strongly urges a debtor to pay. (from -
zungubaza).
muzuzu1 (mi-) n. bedroom, private room in a house. sny musiyo
muzuzu2, n. a moment muzuzu-nyana, a little while. sjn. nalulelule
muzuzunyani (mi-) n. kind of shrub; edible fruit of the same.
muzwafi (ba-) n. discouraged, di-sheartened, apathetic person. (from -zwafa).
muzwafisi (ba-) n. someone who discourages another (from -zwafa).
muzwahule (ba-) n. foreigner, out-sider. syn. mulicaba, nundalile.
muzwala-kuku (ba-zwala-kuku) n. great grand-parent.
muzwale (mi-) n. friend, compa-nion. cf. mulikani, taka.
muzwalelo (mi-) n. manner of giving birth: Likomu za hae muzwalelo ni
muzwalelo ki litole fela, h is cows always give birth to heifer calves
(from -zwala).
muzwetela (mi-) n. dripping water. (from -zweta)
muzwezi1 (mi-) n. euphorbia
muzwezi2 (ba-) n. a woman who has just given birth and so is confined; kulu
ya muzwezi, a hen feeding its newly hatched chickens. (also ap-plied to an
animal feeding its newly born offspring). (from -zwala).
muzwili (mi-) n. kind of tree (very hard wood).
muzwinyani (mi-) n. chicken. fig. very young child. see kazwinyani, syn.
kaciocio.
mwa, prep. to, from at in, (1) ex-pressing motion (short distance): Niya mwa
munzÀ wo, nÀ tuha nÀ kuta, I am going to that village, and I shall soon be
back. (2) expressing localisation: NyunywanÀ À mwa sEya-leto, the bird is
in its nest. (3) prep. of time: mwa mazazi a malalu, in three days; mwa
silimo silisinwi, within a year. (4) mwa is also used to form adverbs:
mwahalÀ inside, in the middle of, out of many: mwahali a ndu, inside the
house: Mwanana u ipatile mwahali a batu, the child has hidden himself
among people, Mwahal'a ba balalu ku ta ketwa alimu–wi, one will be chosen
out of three: mwatasi, below: mwahal*rF above: mwamu-laho, behind, etc.,
mwaa, n. courage, bravery, fearles-sness. syn. bundume.
mwaalo1 (mi-) n. Luyana, place where blacksmiths find their ore
mwaalo2 (mi-) n. Luyana. harvest spread out in the sun (corn, Kaffir-corn,
millet, etc.,)
mwaalo3 (mi-) n. circle: mwaalo wa lukuko, hoop of a bownet. (from -alula)
mwabafu (bo-) n. Luyana. a relative of a dead person
mwabakati (bo-mwabakati) n. Luyana. a man happy in women's company
mwabakulya (bÇ}mwabakulya) n. Luyana. a greedy person. (from -Iya)
m waba muyoya ( bFm waba mu yoya ) n. Luyana. prosperous person in-clined to
forget those in need. (from -yoya).
mwabange (bo-mwabange) n. Luyana. person closely related to the members of
the royal family
mwabi (ba-) n. see muabi.
mwaha (miyaha) n. year, season, period. syn. silimo.
mwahali, adv. inside, in the middle of; out of many (see mwa4).
mwshalimu, adv. above (and see mwal)
mwai1 (bo-mwai) n. (1) person younger or less important than the speaker:
Yela mwsi, ki–i ha u sina likute ku ba bahulu? hey young man, why are you
impolite to old people? (2) darling, beloved: Oh! mwai wa ka ni ku lata
ahulu, oh ! my darling I love you so much. syn. dali, sheli.
mwai2 ! interj. of surprise: Ah! mwai! ki kale ba mu bulaya! ah ! they have
killed him! cf. mawe.
mwakashaa! interj. of surprise, said of many things falling down.
mwak'oyu, adv. Luyana, this year. syn. unomwaha.
mwalala (mialala) n. see mualala.
mwalu (mialu) n. perplexity, embar-rassment bewilderment. (from -alulal) '
mwaluli1 (ba-) n. someone who per-plexes,embarrasses (from-alula').
mwaluli2 (ba-) n. a person who finishes the construction of a bownet by
fixing the upper ring (from -alula2).
mwalyangombe ( bo-mwalyangombe ) n. Luyana. thief, cattle-liRer, klep-
tomaniac. cf. Iilengwami, liye-pandu, lilendele.
mwalyanjo1 (b˜-mwalyanjo or ba-lyanjo) n. pubescent girl, virgin.
mwalyanjo2 (bo-mwalyanjo) n. cocoon.
mwambo1 (miambo) n. forearm.
mwambo2 (miambo) n. a characteris-tic mode or peculiarity in speak-ing,-
walking, etc., current for some time.
mwabulu! interj. see mbulu.
mwambwa-likumbila, n. swarm of locusts. fig. crowd of people
mwamulaho, adv. behind. prep. mwamulaho a, after. (see mwa4).
Mwamwa, n. special drum ot tne Litunga.
mwana (bana) n. child (son or daughte r)
mwanahabo (banabahabo) n. rela-tive. fig. friend.
mwanahesu (banabahesu) n. a rela-tive of mine.
mwanakwanu (banakwanu) n. child of a good family
mwana-mwenda-ku-mongo, (ba-) n. stepchild (stepson or step-daughter).
mwanana (banana) n. Iittle child, infant.
~mwana nuka (bana ba nuka) n. a pure Mulozi, who can swim and paddle very
well, (child of the river).
mwanda nyazi (bana ba nyazi) n. bastard.
mwanaa-zwezi (bana-bazwezi) n. child of a good family. syn. mwanda-kwanu.
mwanesu (bana-ba-hesu) n. a relative of mine; my friends. syn. mwa-nahesu.
mwanda1 (mianda) n. hundred.
mwanda2 (mianda) n. Luyana. trace, track: mwanda-wa-nde, lion's spoor;
mwanda-wa-mufu, the foot print of a dead person (used figu-ratively).
mwandamena (bo-mwandamena) n. a person who expects to inherit something.
(from -andamena).
mwandanyunyi, n. way in which designs are made with bark when thatching or
building grass enclo-sures.
mwande (miande) n. Pod, Maho-gany (tree) (Afzelia cuanzensis).
mwandu (miandu) n. Iight food (esp. I iquid, porridge).
mwangalala (miangalala)n. kind of tree, fruit of the same.
mwangalwa (miangalwa) n. pleasure, feeling of pleasure, of well-being: Kacenu
ha ni na mwang-alwa ha ni ikutwi hande, I do not feel well today; nothing
gives me pleasure.
mwange (miange) n. kind of thin and resistant grass often used in thatching.
syn. Iilume.
mwangula (miangula) n. kind of tree.
mwanja (mianja) n. cassava, manioc.
mwanji (mianji) n. honey. syn. linosi.
mwanyinda (mianyinda) n. tibia, radius (anat).
mwanzΠ(mianza) n. Mnodo (tree) (Isoberlinia globiflora).
mwatasi, adv. below; mwatasi a, prep. under. (see mwa4).
mwati (miati) n. vegetable poison (frequently used in witchcraft or-deals).
mwayambunge (bo-mwayambunge) n. Mbunda. abnormal person, mentally ill person.
-mweka (mwekile) v.i. to flash (fire or lightning seen from far). cf. -my-
amyata. cuas. -mwekisa (mweki-size) to cause to flash.
mwele (mieie) n. Luyana. double edged African knife, poniard, dagger. fig.
mweie-no-sikeka, king, arbiter, person taking the last de-cision. syn.
moko.
mwelembo (mielembo) n. manner of roarning about seeing friends (espe-cially
applied to a lazy woman at seed time). (from -elemba).
mweli (baeli) n. first-born (son or daughter).
mwelwa (li-) n. poor, destitute person- a person without relatives.
-mwemweta (mwemwetile) v.i. (1) to grind teeth in anger; (2) to move the lips
before weeping. caus. -mwemwetisa (mwemwetisisze) to cause to ~: Se si mu
mwemwetisa rnakerno cwalo ki kuli u bata ku lila he is going to weep, that
is why his lips are quivering like that.
mwenda (bo-mwenda) n. Luyana. traveller. (from -enda). syn. muza-mai.
mwendaendi (bo-mwendaendi) n. someone who is always on the go. (from -enda).
mwenda-ku-mongo (bo-mwenda-ku-mongo) n. Luyana. see muenda-ku-mongo (from -
enda).
mwendabai (bo-mwendabai) n. Luyana. child born in time of mis-fortune. (from
-enda).
mwendalutaka or mwendanjangula (bo-mwendalutaka) n. mythical monster
(believed to have only one eye, one ear, one leg, one arm, and to live in
dense forests; beaten by him one would have bad luck, overcome by oneself
the monster would give all that one required). syn. njangwamuloti.

mwendano, n. Luyana. race, competition (from enda) cf. siano.

mwendebo, n. Luyana. salutation, see muendebo.
mwendela (miendela) n. Luyana. va-grancy, wandering (from -enda).
mwendi, adv. perhaps, maybe. syn. samutandeti, mutomu–wi.
mwenduko n. see muenduko.
mwenge1 (mienge) n. Luyana. sledge-hammer.
mwenge2 (mienge) n. see muenge.
mwengelele (miengelele) n. new grass (used as a medicine for fresh wound).
mwenyi (baenyi) n. see muenyi.
-mweta (mwetile) v.t. to pluck (feathers), to cut grass with a sickle der.
mumweti, simwetiso, cf. -kubula. fig. to beat with a sjambok rel. -mwetela
(mwetezi) to ~ for someone, caus. -mwetisa (mweti-size) to order or to
help to ~. stat. -mweteha (mwetehile) (something) that can be thoroughly,
cleanly plucked: Kuhuye imwetehile hande, this fowl is cleanly plucked;
int. -mwetelela (mwetelezi) to pluck the lot (birds). freq. -mwetanga to ~
frequently fig. to beat repeatedly with a sjambok. red. -mweta-mweta
(mweta-mwetile) to pluck off here and there. ref. -imwetela (imwetezi) to
~ for oneself.
mweto (mieto) n. sinew, thread made of the split sinew of a large animal .
mweti1 (baeti) n. Sotho. see mueti.
mweti2 (baeti) n. a sick person, patient. syn. mukuli.
mweya (mieya) n. menorrhagia, me-trorrhagia, cf. nalitwi, nde.
mweyueyu (mieyueyu) n. kind of ca-terpillar.
mwibeya (bo-mwibeya) n. Iiar, story-teller, tale-bearer. syn. kabewa.
mwika (baika) n. a big eater syn. muci. fig. a man who does not agree to
leave problems or diffi-culties unsettled. syn. namani-yetuna.
mwila (miila) n. taboo (from -ila)
mwimanjinji, n. restlessness.
mwina-muywandi ( baina-muywandi n. Luyana. same as muywandi.
mwinda (miinda) n. Wild Violet tree, Fibre tree (Securidaca longe-
pedunculata) its roots are used in the preparation of an ointment for
rheumatism.
mwisi (baisi) n. sender, transmitter (from -ya).
mwituti (baituti) n. sce muituti.
mwisbondi (baishondi) n. unhappy person (from-ishonda).
mwipulai (baipulai) n. see muipulai.
-myamyata (myamatile) v.i. to glit-ter, (lightning seen from far away) fig.
to dart an angry look: Pata ya hae ya myamyata, he shoots an angry look
caus. -myamyatisa (myamyatisize) to cause to ~.
-myaula (myauzi) v.t. see -imyaula.
N
n. pronounced as in English When followed by y it has a palatal sound as in
nyuny-wani (bird).
Note: Apart from this sound, letter N has another velar nasal sound as ng in
singing. It is shown in this dictionary as a distinct character. n and
will be found after n in the alphabetic order.
na1, pers. pron. subj. Ist person sing (with a verb without object or with a
simple pron. as obj ) 1: Na mu bona, I see him
na2, emph. pron. I st person sing. me: Ki na ya mu bizize, it is me who
called him.
na3, aux. verb. giving the main verb a meaning of continuity: Ni ta na ni
sebeza, I shall go on working
na4, interrogative particle. (this par-ticle is used at the beginning or at
the end of a sentence; but it can also be used in both places, the second
emphasizing the interroga-tion): Na ne ni sika ku bulela cwalo na? well I
told you so, didn't l?; Na, ha mu na ku ya, na? you are not going are you?
na5, verb. to be; used in conjunction with the preposition ni, to have; Ni na
ni, I have (lit: I am with); or in the negative, not to have: Ha ni na, I
have not, Hakuna, there is none; Ku na ni–i? what is wrong with it? -na—
or-nela (ile) v.i. (1)to rain: Pula ya na orya nela, it is raining (2) to
leak (speaking of a house): Ndu ya nela, the house leaks der. mune-lelo,
rel. -nelela (nelezi) to ~ in the way (rain): Pula i mu nelezi kakai?
where was he caught by the rain? caus. -nelisa (nelisize) to cause to
rain; to cause to leak. freq. -ne-langa to rain frequently red. -nela-nela
(nela-nelile) to rain intermit-tently and lightly; to leak a little in
some places: Ndu ya ka i nela-nela hanyinyani fela, my house leaks, but
not very much. pass. -nelwa (nelilwe) to get wet (by rain)
-naa (naile) v.i. to walk with diffi-culty (difficulty caused by abscess,
syphilis, etc. ) caus. -naisa (naisize) to cause to walk with difficulty.
red. -naa-naa (naa-naile) to walk slowly and with difficulty.
nabi (linabi) n. prince, mate of royal blood.
nabutolo (bo-nabutolo) n. a lazy person unwilling to make any kind of effort.
cf. nakulonda.
nacinkwa (bo-nacinkwa) n. small pox syn. bukalanga.
naha (li or ma-) n. country, land: mwa naheni, in the veldt fig.
exp. naha kaufela, the whole nation
-nahana (nahani or nahanile) v.i. to consider, to meditate upon, to think, to
ponder der. munahano. caus. -nahanisa (nahanisize) to pro-voke meditation,
to stimulate re-flection int. -nahanisisa (nahanisi-size) to think
carefully: U nahani-sise hande, u sike wa bulela lishano, think very
carefully and do not tell any lies freq. -nahananga to have the habit of
pondering matters red. -nahana-nahana (nahana-naha-nile) to spend some
time in think-ing: Mu nahane-nahane hande fa taba ye, mu sike mwa i sEya
fela allow yourself a little time Ibr rel-fection, and do not leave this
matter unsettled.
nahatute (manahatute) n. wilder-ness, desert.
naheni, adv. in the veldt fig. exp. ku ya kwa nahe–i, to go to stool syn.
kasaka.
nakabamba, n. wilderness, desert. fig. worthless people; Ha ni lati ku fa
lico za ka maiba a nakabamba, I do not like to share my food with useless
people (lit. to give food to wild doves)
nakabuma, n. cold wind (which usually blows in March and April, between the
rainy and the cold seasons).
nakalomo (bo-nakalomo) n. a talka-tive person.
nakaloti (bo-nakaloti) n. Luyana. sorcerer. syn. muloti, muloi.
nakandama (bo-nakandama) n. kind of mushroom (usually eaten raw).
nakanwele (bo-nakanwele) n. South African, Red-billed Fire Finch. (also
kanwele).
nakashasha, n. scurvy syn. ma-zambo, lindombe.
nakasheke, n. Luyana, sandy place.
nakatenge (bo-nakatenge) n. generic name for small fish. fig. exp. milili ya
nakatenge, knotty hair, very dif-ficult to comb.
nakatongo (bo-nakatongo) n. kind of grass (used in the preparation of
medicine to give strength).
nakawa (bo-nakawa) n. Luyana. cow idiom. exp. nakawa lukula mu-bonda, (the
gift of a cow wipes out every fault).
nakeli (bo-nakeli) n. polecat. syn. kangamba.
naketa (bo-naketa) n. any kind of African wooden dish or vessel with a lid.
nako (li-) n. (1) time, moment, period; hour: ka nako ya ndwa, in war time,
mwa linako zepeli, in two hours' time; ka nako ya te–i, at the proper
time; ku toma nako, to fix a time; ki nako ma–i? what time is it? ka nako
ye–wi, another time. (2) Watch clock: Nakoya ka iyemi, ha ni sika if a
moya mabani, my watch has stopped because I forgot to wind it up
yesterday.
nakŸlonda (bo-nakulonda) n. a lazy person (from 40nda). cfi nabutolo.
nakumene, n. Luyana. generic name for wild fruits. mushrooms, etc.
nakuwana, adv. in an unknown way. syn. kunu, muyemuye.
nala, peace, comfort, liberty, pros-perity: ku ca nala, to live in peace.
nala2, adj. brown with large white spots. (with reference to cows: nalana).
nalela, n. wide open space: Mulena u sa lifa nalela, the Litunga is al-ready
in public.
naleli (li) n. star: naleli ye muhata comet.
nali (li-) n. buffalo. fig great fighter.
nalielo (bo-nalielo) n. Luyana. a stupid person (usually applied to a woman
unacquainted with marital laws). syn. muelo.
nalikanda, n. Luyana (1) the last dance. (2) the last thing.
nalikena (bo-nalikena) n. a clean, white, fine thing. (from -kena).
nalikolo (bo-) n. Luyana. someone afflicted by umbilical hernia.
nalikundumbwa (bo-nalikun-dumbwa) n. Iong and graceful Afri-can skirt. (from
-kundumbwa).
nalikwanda (bo-nalikwanda) n. the Litunga's barge the state barge.
nalikwinji (bo-)n Pigmy Kingfisher.
nalimai (bo-) n. uniucky person. fig. exp. peba nalimai, person victim-ized
by everybody (lit. uniucky mouse) syn. mai, nomai.
nalinanu (bo-) n. someone being funny in order to amuse people. (from -
nanuba).
nalinyawe (b>) n. someone show-ing off in order to attract attention (from
nysuba).
nalitwi (bo-) n. menses; u kwa na-litwi, she is having her monthly period.
syn. nde, mweya.
naloya (bo-) n. Luyana. Iechwe an-telope.
nalu (li-) n. Luyana. wickedness, cruelty.
nalubeso (bo-) n. miniature hoe worn as a distinctive women's or-nament.
nalukapwa (bo-) n. Purple Heron.
nalukena (bo-) n. Luyana. kind of grass.
alulea or naluleya (bo-) n. Luyana. young girl not yet pubescent.
nalulelule, n. moment, little while; kwa nalulelule, after a little while
syn. muzuzu2.
alulenge (bo-) n. black-winged stilt-bird.
nalumbe (bo-) n. African Jacana, Tilly trotter. (bird).
nalumbwa (bo-) n. small antheap.
n lumino (bo-) n. Luyana, wrong doer, whose behaviour can only bring bad
luck.
nalundula or nalundulwa (bo-) n. 8 mole-cricket.
wlungwana (bo-) n. Cape wagtail (bird) (believed to announce visi-tors when
it sits on the top of a house; also believed to be God's messenger). fig.
person acting as a spy.
nalunkalamba (bo-) n. praying mantis
aluntambwe (bo-) n. chameleon. fig. a lazy and very slow person. syn.
Iongolo.
nalusha (bo-) n. kind of fish.
nalutemambo (bo-) n. kind of fish.
nalutio (bo-) n. concubine
nalutota (bo-) n. Rosy-breasted Longolaw. (bird) (from 4nta).
milutowela (bo-) n. action of sorting people into groups or to choose people
from different groups: Mu kete batu ka nalutowela, choose people from
different groups
nalwange (bo-) n. cattle egret, Buff-backed Egret.
nama1 (li- or ma-) n. meat, flesh.
-nama2 (namile) v.i. (1) to stretch out one's legs. (2) to spread out (sweet
potatoes, pumpkins, etc. ) der. bu-namelo . rel. -namela (namezi) to
stretch out one,s legs towards or aginst an object: ku namela mahutu kwa
mulilo, to stretch one's legs to-wards the fire. caus. -namisa (nami-size)
to cause someone to stretch out his legs; to stretch out some-body's legs.
int. a)-namelela (nam-elezi) to stretch out one's legs for a long time; b)
-namiseleza (namise-lelize) to stretch out for good rec. -namelana
(namelani) to stretch out one's legs against another: Mina banana mu sike
mwa name-iana cwalo, mu ka tuha mu lwana, you, children, do not stretch
out your legs against one another, or you will be fighting. inv. -namuluha
(namuluhile) to change position of the legs; to move one's legs out of the
way. fig. to run swiftly. (see: -namuluha). red. -nama-nama (nama-namile)
to move one's legs again and again. ref. -inamisa (in-amisize) to be able
to stretch out one's own legs: Kuli ni inamise, ha ni koni, lihutu li
butuku, I cannot stretch out my leg, for it is painful.
namacilal (tu-) n. kind of winged insect which bites.
namacila2 (bo-) n. Luyana. a person fond of malaka (vegetable mar-rows).
namakanangelwa (bo-) n. Luyana. insubordinate person refusing to carry out
orders or follow advice. (from: -kana).
namakau (bo-) n. Luyana. a person possessing many hoes fig. person of great
asset to another
namakau-simbundu (bo-) n. Luyana. jackal. syn. Iuwawa.
namala (bo-) n. Iight beer. cfi maheu.
-namalala (namalalile) v.i. to sit with outstretched legs cf. -nama,-
tandabala. rel. -namalalela (nama-lalezi) to stretch out one's legs in a
certain direction fig. to hasten somewhere Mwa lu bona lwani, lu
namalalezi kai? . you see that tall thin fellow over there, where is he
hurrying to? red. -namalala-nama-lala (namalala-namalalile) to change
frequently the position of one's legs
-namalaza (namalazize) v.t. to stretch, to extend: namalaza muhala, stretch
out the rope.
namalimi-kwalula (bo-) n. someone contradicting himself, someone in-
consistenl in his relationship with people .
namalomo (bo-) n. a person with a large mouth.
namalotanu (bo-) n. Luyana. dreamer; person who reveals his dreams to others
in spite of the taboo against this fig. a wicked person, an evil-doer.
syn. nama-loya, namalianga.
namalianga (bo-) n. scoundrel, ma-lefactor, criminal. syn. namaloya,
namalotanu.
namaloya (bo-) n. wicked person, evil-doer. (from: -loya). syn. nama-lotanu,
namalianga.
namalwa (bo-) n. special kind of 'drum1 (having a stick through the middle:
the rubbing of this stick makes the skin vibrate and the drum resound)
namani (ma-) n. calf fig. king (Li-tunga); namani-ye-tuna, a person who does
not agree to leave prob-lems or difficulties unsettled. syn. mwika.
mamasha (bo-) n. fishing net (large meshes)
mamasiku (bo-) n. Luyana person born early in the morning (before sunrise).
namaya (bo-) n. Luyana. Litunga's ny-switch.
nambe (li-) n. Iarge, well made clay pot
nambo (li-) n. Ieather strap (used for tying hunting dogs) fig. any kind of
bond, tie, etc: Na se ni li mwa nambo ya ku nyalwa, ha ni sa izamaelafela,
I am no longer free for I am engaged to be married
nambotelwa (bo-) n. person unable to do any work properly.
nambulwamoko (bo-) n. Luyana. a lazy person, unable to earn his living. fig.
a sleeveless coat
nambulwalitina (bo-) n. an an-onymous person.
nambwamutalati (bo-) n. rain-bow. syn. temwe.
nameke (bo-) n. female wild-goose cf. ngunga. Iicikwi.
nameto (bo-) n. a person appointed to look after a royal tomb syn. nomboti,
mushei.
namibonda (bo-) n. Luyana. (1) person often guilty; (2) person in-clined to
fine other people even for triffling matters.
namongo (bo-) n. kind of snake fig. jealous person
namonyi (bo-) n. insect living on fresh maize cf. silundolwa, silu-kolwa.
namoo, n. platform reserved for the Litunga in the Kuta.
namusanza (bo-) n. kind of creeper bearing edible fruit
namucoko or mucoko (bo- or mi-) n. kind of pumpkin. cf. namunda-langwe,
mupusi.
namuka (namukile) v.i. to walk in a file, (people, cattle, etc.) (namukau
(bo-) n. garden belonging to the Litunga and which had to be vol-untarily
cultivated in the past syn. mbilye, sinjambi.
namukuka (bo-) n. unmarried woman (young or old, either never married, or
abandoned by the hus-band) syn. nasikwakwa.
namukuywe (bo-) n. ungrateful person (from -kuyula).
namulomo (bo-) n. Iarge shrub, edible berries of thesame. (these berries are
believed to be the food of ghosts).
-namuluha (namuluhile) v.i. to change position of the legs, to fold the legs,
to move one's legs out of the way. cf. -nama. fig. to run swiftly. rel. -
nam,uluhela (namulu-hezi) to run towards, to pursue, to chase: Nja ya ka
ne i namuluhezi lizwii, kono ya palelwa ku li swala, my dog chased a
lechwe but was unable to catch it.
-namulula (namuluzi) v.t. to unfold: ku namulula museme, to unfold a mat.
syn. -pubJula. rel. -namululela (namululezi) to unfold for some-one, to
unfold for a certain reason. caus. -namululisa (namululisize) to help
someone to unfold. freq. -namululanga to have the habit of unfolding. red.
-namulula-namulula (namulula-namuluzi) to unfold again and again: Wena u
namulula-namulula fela miseme, ku leka ha u leki, you just unfold the
mats, but you do not buy them.
namundalangwe (bo-) n. pumpkin. cf. namucoko, mupusi.
namunganga (bo-) n. manner in which three people are stamping in the same
mortar: Likalibe li kona ku sita namunganga, young girls can stamp three
together in the same mortar.
namungundwe (bo-) n. Luyana. hyena. (from -ngundula) syn. mu-kutulu
sitongwani, siwi.
namuntuma (bo-) n. poor person unable to support himself
namushinji (bo-) n. kind of snake (non-venomous).
namutesuko n. fresh maize crushed and dried in the sun to be made into flour
when dry.
namutwakubili (bo-) n. an unrelia-ble person, untrustworthy person; liar.
namuyaweli n. maize sown after the generai sowing time in order to provide
fresh green cobs after season (from -yawela).
namuyengwe (bo-) n. a swift draught-animal (horse, ox).
-nanabeza (nanabelize) v.t. & v.i. to snatch skilfully to walk carefully
without making the least noise
-nanala (nanalile) v.i. to advance, to walk stealthily. rel. -nanalela (na-
nalezi) to walk stealthily towards something in order to take or attack by
surprise; Muzumi u nana-lela lifolofolo, the hunter is creep-ing up on the
wild animals. syn. s-hondakela.
nandakaywa, adv. Luyana. the whole day: Lufuluhile nandakaywa, we have been
paddling for the whole day.
nandalume (li-) n. Luyana. a man who earns a good living by work-ing
deligently.
nandinde (bo-) n. kind of small palm tree bearing edible fruit
-nanga1 (nangile) v.t. to make des-igns on mats (with mashandi) der. munangi,
mananga. rel. -nangela (nangezi) to make designs for someone caus. -
nangisa (nangisize) to help someone make designs ref. -inangela (inangezi)
to make onoe own designs: Ki yena ya in-angezi museme wa hae, he made his
own designs on his mat.
-n nga2 (nangile) v.t. to put a mix-ture of fat and wax. in the centre of a
drum skin to make it resound properly. dr. munangi, nango. rel. -nangela
(nangezi) to ~ for some-one. -caus. -nangisa (nangisize) to help someone
to ~.
-nanga3 (nangile) v.i. the sun is up, it is getting late.
nangala (li-) n. Luyana. double headed hammer used by blacks-mith.
-nangalala (nangalalile) v.i. to raise the head in order to see in a cer-tain
direction caus. -nangalalisa (nangalalisize) to cause to raise the head:
Ki–i sa boni se si mu nangala-lisa toho cwalo? what has he seen to make
him raise his head like that?
-nangamana (nangamani or nanga-manile) v.i. (1) to straighten one-self; (2)
to be raised up above the water (prow of a canoe). caus. -nangamanisa
(nangamanisize) to cause to ~.
-nangela (nangezi) v.t. to observe with curiosity, to scout, to take a peep
at to survey, to spy. syn. -uku-mela, -yunda. cf. -shoka. der. Ii-nangekb
rel. -nangelela (nangelezi) to enquire for someone. caus. -nangelisa
(nangelisize) to cause to observe, to survey. freq. -nange-langa or -
nanpela (nangaezi) to observe every now and then.
nangenya (bo-) n. kind of grass used in basketry.
nango (li-) n. mixture made of fat and wax and used to make drums resound
properly. (from-nanga). syn. Iikosho.
nangu (li-)' n. a clever person, expert in singing; a person learn-ing
quickly a foreign language; a person especially gifted in all dis-
ciplines. syn. sikwab.
nangu' expression used beofre a re-quest, please: Nangu mu to ni bitula
kamuso ha mu ta ya kwa Mongu, please come and fetch me to-morrow when you
go to Mongu. syn. inge.
-nanguka (nangukile) v.i. to stretch up inclined backwards: Nanguka hande ni
ku sele mulyani mwa me o. keep your hand bent backwards so that I can put
the drops in your eyes. syn. -inuka. caus. -nangukisa (nangukisize) to
bend the head backwards.
-nangula (nanguzi) v.t. to bend the head back: Mu mu nangule toho. Iu mu bee
mulyani mwa meto, bend his head back so that we can put drops in his eyes.
naniliatandombe (bo-) n. Smaller Jacana, Little Tilly Trotter (bird)
nankwayula (ho-) n. a woman spoken of despisingly. (from -kwayuka).
-nanuba (nanubik) v.i. to make fun in order to amuse people. der. nali-n nu,
bunanu, linaRu. rel. -nanubela (nanubezi) to do amusing things in order to
 attract people's attention, to amuse for some purpose. caus. -nanubisa
(nanubisize) to amuse people with something. freq. -na-nubanga to keep
awake: U no na-nubanga ni wena, do keep alert, will you!
-nanuha (nanuhile) v.i. to get up; to spring up (plants), to grow up
(children).
-nanula (nanuzi) v.t. to lift up, to ralse. der. munanuli, smanuliso. rel. -
nanulela (nanulezi) to raise to-wards. caus. -nanulisa (nanulisize) to
help or order to lift up. int. -na-nulelela (nanulelezi) to litt up and
carry the whole: Ba nanulelezi li-byana kaufela ku isa kwa likamba, they
have already moved every-thing to the shore. freq. -nanulanga to lift up
habitually. red. -nanula-nanula (nanula-nanuzi) or-nanaula (nanauzi) to
lift up now and then. ref. -inanulela (in mlezi) to lift up and carry for
oneself: Mu tuhele ni ta inanulela mutiyo wa ka, leave it, I shall carry
the load myself.
na–ala (bo-) n. plenty of water: Ba tazize poto ka na–ala wa mezi ibo bupi ki
bo bunyinyani, they filled up the pot with water when it con-tained only a
little mealie-meal.
na–undu (bo-) n. earthen lid.
na–we (bo-) n. dropsy.
na–ungelele (bo-) n. manner of re-cruiting everybody for a certain purpose:
Kacenu . ki na–ungelele, batu kaufela ba isizwe kwa Kuta, touay everynoay
has been called and taken to the court.
-napuluha (napuluhile) v.i. to be left with an empty breast or udder
-napulula (napuluzi) v.t. to milk to the last drop. syn. -hamulula. rel. -
napululela (napululezi) to milk to the last drop for a certain purpose.
caus. -napululisa (napululisize) to milk to the last drop for some reason:
Mu sike mwa napulisa banana likomu za mutu, do not allow the children to
milk the people's cows to the last drop.
nasikambo (bo-) n. Sacred Ibis.
nasikuku (bo-) n. hen.
nasikwakwa (bo-) n. unmarried woman. syn. namakuka.
nasilele, n. name of Nyambe's wife
msi–ange (bo-) n. a person who is never pleased with what happens, is done,
or is given: Luna batu lu bo nasi–ange; ha ku si na pula lwa bil-aela, ku
nele pula lwa tongoka, we people are never satisfied, when it does not
rain we grumble, and we are still dissatisfied when it is pouring down.
nasitwitwi (bo-) n. kind of little bird.
nasiyalila (bo-) n. small blind harm-less snake (this snake is believed to
foretell the death of a a relative) syn. simonoliywa.
-nata (natile) v.t. to beat; to strike: ku nata mutu, to beat a person;
TweluSu i se i nata, it is already striking twelve der. munati, sina-
tiso. cf. -shapa, -opa, -tuyula. rel. -natela (natezi) to beat on some-
one's behalf; to beat with a defi-nite intention: Ni mu natela ku sa utwa
kwa hae, l am beating him be-cause of his disobedience caus. -natisa
(natisize) to cause or to help to beat. int. -natelela (natelezi) to beat
all (a whole group of chil-dren, etc.) rec. -natana (natani or natanile)
to beat each other; to fight. rec. a) -natanga to have the habit of
beating; b) -nataka (nata-kile) to beat repeatedly and severely; c) -
natakisa (natakisize) to cause someone to be beaten re-peatedly and
severely. ref. -inata (inatile) to hurt oneself: Ni inatile kwa sikwalo, l
hurt myself on the door
natamikwa (bo-) n. dug out canoe which always precedes the royal barge.
Natamoyo (bo-) n. second council-lor in both Lealui and Nalolo courts (in the
past, when someone who was condemned to death touched him or ran to his
court-yard to get refuge, he was saved) fig. Saviour.
natandi (bo-) n. prince's wife, cf. meyana.
natangundu (bo-) n. Namaqua Dove
Nateyo, n. one of the Litunga's yards.
natikowa (li-) n. clan of origin of any Mulozi; ba natikowa, people belonging
to such a clan
-natuka (natukile) v.i. to lose one's temper rel. -natukela (natukezi) to be
very angry with someone: lfa li wa ni natukela cwana, se ni ikomo-kela
fela, I really got amazed at the way he flew into rage with me. caus. -
natukisa (natukisize) to cause someone to fly into a rage

nawa (li- or ma-) n. bean

Nayuma, n. one of the Litunga's yards (where precious things used to be
stored).
nca, adj. new, fresh, young.
nceluk (li-) n. grown up person (also fully grown animal). syn. kokota,
silmkota.
nciba (li-) n. col. name. Great quantity of small fish called mis-hiba. cf.
mushiba.
ncumbe (li- or be-) n. a tall. stout person.
newa (li-) n. disease: Ncwa ya Bulozi, leprosy. fig. a person expert in a
particular work: Yo ki newa kwa ku yaha, this person is expert in
building.
nda1 (li-) n. Iouse, chikoe (jigger). syn. katakinya.
nda2 interj. of denial. no!
-ndsamana (ndsamani or ndsama-nine) v.i. to run fast. syn. -bnda-mana, -msta.
rel. -ndsamanela (ndsamanezi) to run fast towards. c us. -ndsamanis (ndsam
nisize) to chase. int. -ndsamanekla (ndsa-manelezi) to run away for good
-ndsameka (ndsamekile) v.t. to chase
ndabbangwana (bo-) n. Luyana. vagabond, tramp, hobo.
ndaleti (li-) n. (1) a person ap-pointed to protect birds in their breeding
place (thicket of reeds) and to keep an eye on the young ones to save them
from being slaughtered. (2) a person ap-pointed to scare birds from the
Li-tunga's fields at seed time or when harvest time has approached.
ndalume (li-) n. Luyana war axe.
nd malume (li- or bo-) n. a man living at his wife's palce.
ndamauna (ndamauzi) n. v.t. to fire several shots one after another.
ndamb (li-) n. nervure of a palm leaf cut in such a way as to pro-duce a loud
sound by friction. fig. visible ribs on a very thin body: Mutu yo u kulile
hahulu, makuro a hae se ili ndamba fela, this person has been very ill,
his ribs look like a notched palm-leaf nervure.
-ndambaela (ndambaezi) v.i. to walk very slowly (as a sick person) syn. -
ndambyaela, -ndombysela. rel. -ndambyselela (ndambyselezi) to walk slowly
to a certain place. c us. -ndambaelisa (ndambaelisize) to cause to walk
slowly; to help walk slowly.
ndambo (li-) n. guide, leader; ndambo-muwa-muwa. a kind hearted person always
showing the right way in every respect. syn. nungu. cf. ndau.
-ndambysela (ndamyaezi) v.i. same as -ndamiela.
-ndambyela (ndambyezi) v.t. to stretch material when sewing: U ndambyele
hande ndelesi ya ka, take care when sewing my dress and do not make zig-
zags.
ndamiw (li- or ma-) n. garden behind a house.
-ndamwena (ndamwesi) v.t. Luyana, to seperate fighting people, to rescue, to
save from danger. der. bundamweti, syn. -lamulela.
-ndandala (ndandalile) v.t. to curse, to wish evil upon, to utter impre-
cations. der. mundandali. syn. -kuta' -shenya. rel. -ndandalela
(ndandalezi) to curse on some-one's behalf caus. -ndandalisa
(ndandalisize) to cause to curse freq. . -ndandal nga to be inclined to
curse for trifling reasons: Wena u ndandalanga fe/a bana ba hao mo ku sina
libaka, you, you curse your chilaren all the time wAhout gooa reason.
-ndandama1 (ndandamile) v.i. to walk hurriedly, to rush forward. syn. akufa.
rel. -ndandamela (ndanda-mezi) to walk hurriedly towards caus. -ndandamisa
( ndandamisize ) to cause to rush; to take some-thing hurriedly to a
certain place: U ndandamiseza kai mukeke wa ka wo? where are you rushing
off to with my plate?
-ndandama2 (ndandamile) v.i. to pal-pitate, to throb syn. -lukuma, -luluma.
fig. to puff as a railway engine: sitima na mu ndandamo, the train. rel. -
ndandamela (ndanda-mezi) fig. to puff at a cerlain dis-tance: Sitima nako
ye, se siyo ndan-damela kwakule, now the train is already puffing far
away. caus. -ndandamisa (ndandamisize) to cause to palpitate: Se si
ndanda-misa pilu ya hae cwalo ki .sabo, it is fear that causes such heart
palpita-tions.
ndandanda (ma-) n. succession of many villages built in a line, mostly along
the edge of foresl.
ndandulo (li-) n. silling room, lounge (in a house)
-ndandumuka (ndawumukile) v.i. to walk, to cycle, to drive down a slope; to
descend. der. mundandu-muko, syn. -shetumuka, -ngenyuka. rel. -
ndandumukela (ndandumukezi) to descend in a certain direction; to fall to:
Potoloto ya ka i ndandu-mukezifafasi, my pencil fell on lhe floor. caus. -
ndandumukisa (ndan-dumukisize) to cause to fall.
-ndanga1 (ndangile) v.t. lo give ex-press orders der. mundangi. cf. Iaa.
-ndanga2 (ndangile) v.i. to dance (girls' initiation dance) der. mun-dangi.
caus. -ndangisa (ndangisize) to teach a girl the initiation dance.
ndangamwa, adv. persistently. round the clock without rest: Kacenu lu yemi
ndangamwa, lu sebeza ka tata, we are working very hard lodays withoul rest
righl round the clock.
-ndanyuka (ndanyukile) v.i. lo spill oul (water, milk, etc.) syn. -suluha.
rel. -ndanyukela (ndanyukezi) to spill down: Mabisi a ndanyukezi fafasi,
milk spilled on lo the floor.
-ndanyuna (ndanyuzi) v.t. to spill (waler, milk, elc.): Nja i ndanyuzi mabisi
a ka. a dog spilied my milk. syn. -sulula rel. -ndanyunela (nda-nyunezi)
to spill someone's milk. water, etc . . .: Mwa bona ki kale a ni
ndanyunena mabisi a ka? Iook he has spilled my milk! caus. -ndanyu-nisa
(ndanyunisize) to cause to spill. in!. -ndanyunelela (ndanyune-lezi) to
spill entirely.
ndate (bo-) n. father; my falher, (used in greeling any man).
ndau (li-) n. someone who knows well things not known by others; guide.
Ieader. cf. ndambo.
ndaundau (li-) n. kind of lree, the roots of which are used in lhe
preparalion of a powder-perfume. (see lukumba).
nde, adj. good, nice, fine, beauliful, right.
nde1 (li-) n. Luyana. Iion.
nde2 (li ) n. Luyana. menses. syn. na-litwi, cf. mweya
ndea, n. adolescence, youth: U fumani mba mwa ndea, she became pregnant in
her youth: U melezi limbi mwa ndea, his hair lurned while while he was
still adolescenl.
ndee (li-) n. someone shirking one,s work or duty. cf. bundee.
ndklesi (ma-) n. Eng. dress.
ndelumuna (li-) n. (us. p..) fresh young leaves (of any lree).
ndelwa (li-) n. fealher. head-dress.
ndembela (li-) n. ’lag, banner.
ndembwe, n. slowness in doing things. syn. mbombwe.
ndendeka (ndendekile) v.t. to con-verse, to hold a long conversation with,
to make conversation to syn. -ambola. caus.
ndendelya, adv. for a long time under water: Mukolo wa hae wa sa li ku li
ndendelya, ni ka nako ye ha u cimbuki, his canoe is still under water~ it
has not yet come to the surface.
ndendema (ndendemile) v.i. to be without strength caus. -ndende-misa
(ndendemisize) to weaken. ref. -indendemisa (indendemisize) to pretend to
be sick or weak: U sike wn indendemisa. hakuna ya ka kona ku ku lwala, do
not pretend to be sick, for there is nobody who will be able to take you
to the hospital (to carry you)
-dendemela1 (ndendemezi) v.i. to be smooth (skin)
ndendemela2 (li-) n. silk cloth
-ndendeya (ndendeyile) v.i. to speak lengthily cf. -ndengula rel. -nden-
deyela (ndendeyezi) to speak to someone at length. caus. -nden-deyisa
(ndendeyisize) to cause to ~ red. -ndendeya-ndendeya (nden-deya-
ndendeyile) to speak ceaseles-sly
-ndendula (ndenduzi) v.t. to hit. rel. -ndendulela (ndendulezi) to hit on
someone's behalf, to hit in a cer-tain direction. red. -ndendaula
(ndendauzi) to hit repeatedly
ndendumuna (ndendumuzi) v.t. to cut open a calabash, to open a tin with a
knife or a tin-opener. der. mundendumuni, sindendumuniso. cf. -kwalula.
rel. -ndendumunela (nden-dumunezi) to open a tin for some-one caus. -
ndendumunisa (ndendu-munisize) to help to open a tin. int. -ndendumunelela
(ndendumunelezi ) to open a tin completely. ref. ndendumunela
(indendumunezi) to open for oneself: Mwanana yo ni yena sa kona ku
indendumunela ma-huluhulu, this child can now open mahuluhulu fruit by
himself.
ndenga (li-) n. action of digging a canal for the first time
-ndengula (ndenguzi) v.i. to speak loudly and lengthily. der. kamun-dengule.
rel. -ndengulela ( ndengu-lezi) to go and speak at length somewhere. caus.
-ndengulisa (ndengulisize) to speak endlessly freq. -ndengulanga to have
the habit of ~.
ndenja (li-) n. Eng. danger. syn. kozi, ziyezi.
ndenyuka (ndenyukile) v.i. to be very hot (speaking of the sun): Lizazi la
kacenu li ndenyukile maswe, the sun is very hot today.
-ndeya, n. see ndea.
ndewetele (bo-) n. a great eater syn. sicombulaye
ndiala (li-) n. orphan, fatherless, motherless, survivor (also ndiyala).
ndikusi (li-) n. Bottle-nose fish known scientifically as Mormyrus lacerda
ndilu (li-) n. Glossy Starling (bird).
-ndimana (ndimani) v.i. to run quickly. syn. -ndsamana, -ngwili-mana.
ndimba1 (li-) n. Luyana. kind of genet. syn. sipa.
-ndimba2 (ndimbile) v.t. Luyana. to hate. der. ndimbelela syn. -toya.
-ndimbela (ndimbezi) v.t. to hold someone tightly in wrestling, (to look the
neck with the arm). rel. -ndimbelela (ndimbelezi) to throttle on behalf of
someone. rec. -ndi belana (ndimbelani) to hold each other tightly by the
neck.
ndimbelela, n. hatred resentment. syn. shoyo (from -ndimba).
ndimbwandi (bo-) n. a person hated by many without reason. ndinda (li-) n.
Luyana. edge of a cul-tivated field.
-ndindaa (ndindile) v.t. as -ndimbela. -ndindaela (ndindaezi) v.i. to walk in
a martial manner cf. -ndingaela, der. mundindaeli. rel. -ndindaelela
(ndindaelezl) to walk somewhere martially. caus. -ndindaelisa (ndin-
daelisize) to cause to ~: Se si mu ndindaelisa cwalo ki mukusi kaufela, he
is walking in a military fashion because he is very strong. red. -
ndindaela-ndindaela (ndindaela-ndindaezi) to give a false impress-ion of
strength by walking in a martial manner.
-ndindila (ndindilile) v.i. to refuse to be sent, to disobey. syn. -hana.
caus. -ndindilisa (ndindilisize) to cause disobedience.
-ndinduka (ndindukile) v.i. to have one's fill, to be satiated, satisfied: U.
ndindukile, he is satisfied, he has got enough. syn. -kula, -sinduka.
 cuas. -ndindukisa (ndindukisize) to give much food, to completely fill
someone.
-ndingaela (ndingaezl) v.i. to walk see: -ndindaela.
ndingulu, noun taken adverbially making a detour: ku zamaya nding-ulu, to
take a long way, to make a detour. fig. to talk round a subject. ndinu
(li-) n. Luyana excrement.
zndinyuka (ndinyukile) v.i. as -ndin-duka.
-ndinyuna (ndinyuzl) v.t. to strangle, to choke, throttle syn. -kama. rel. -
ndinyunela (ndinyunezi) to strangle for someone, to strangle for a reason.
ref. -indinyunisa (indinyuni-size) to act in a way which would cause one
great trouble: Ki mulatu wa hao, ki wena ya indinyunisize mutu, it is your
fault, you were just asking for that man to be angry.
ndiulu, n. homesickness, nostalgia. idiom. exp. Ndiulu i isa ba ba–ata mwa
libita, nostalgia causes the death to many. (from -itiulula). syn.
Iiululu.
ndiyameni, n. bereavement (of hus-band or wife) (from -siyamena)
ndo (ma-) n. Luyana. hut, house syn. ndu.
ndokozwani, n. milking cows for the third time in quick succession habit of
completely striping cows. (from-lokoza) syn. mulokozwani.
ndolo (li-) n. Iayer of grass on the surface of water: KÇlora kifa ndolo ha
kuftEwi, here we are now on grass layered over water, and so we cannot
cross. syn. kanamu-lumbe, kanamukowa
ndolondo (tu-) n. wart, skin excres-cence on various parts of the body. syn.
kanamulumbe, kanamu-kovva.
-ndolyoka (ndolyokile) v.i. to look at persistently. cf. -talima. rel. -ndo-
lyokela (ndolyokezi) to look in a cerfain direction: Undolyokezikai?
Talima kwanu, where are you look-ing? Iook this way! caus. -ndolyo-kisa
(ndolyokisize) to cause to ~
-ndomaeta (ndomaetile) v.i. to be craving for food: Yomuhulu umaswe ku
ndomaeta pilu inge mwa-nana, it is bad for an adult to show a great
craving for food like a child. rel. -ndomaetela (ndomaetezi) to be craving
for, to be longing for: ku ndomaetela sico, to be craving for food caus. -
ndomaetisa (ndo-maetisize) to cause a craving for. freq. -ndomaetanga to
be inclined to crave for food.
-ndomauna (ndomauzi) v.t. to eat little bits at a time like a child.
ndombe (li-) n. barble fish. idlom. exp. ku tubeta ndombe, ku sEya muwayo. to
attach more impor tance to a thing than to what en-abled you to find it.
(lit: to kiss the barble fish and leave the spear)
ndombondombo, n. characteristic sign or habit pertaining to the members of a
particular clan: hereditary characteristic: Bao ki ndombondombo ya bona,
ha ba to-menenwi, they have those heredi-tary characteristics, and cannot
be imitated.
-ndombvvanga (ndomwangile) v.i. to be ashamed, unable to answer em-barrassing
questions. der. mun-dombwangisi. caus. -ndomb v ngisa (ndombvvangisize) to
ask embar-rassing questions. rec. -ndomb-wangisana (ndombvvangis ni) to
ask each other embarrassing que-stions. ref. -indombvvangis (in-
dombwangisize) as -ndombvvangi-s na.
-ndombvilikda (ndombvvilik tite or ndomb viliketiie) v.t. to speak with a bad
intention of someone: Ha u mu bona a ndombwiliketa cwalo ki busawana, when
you hear him speaking like this, you can be sure that he is slandering
someone. rel. -ndomb vilikdeb (ndombvviliketezi) to report about someone:
Zamaya u yo ndombwiliketela koo wena u musinyi wa mabizo a ba ba–wi
kamita, go and make your report elsewhere, you are always slande-ring
people. caus. -ndomb vilikdisa (ndomb viiikdisize) to cause to speak badly
of rec. -ndombwilikiti-ssna (ndombvvilikitis ni) to cause each other to
ask questions, to provoke each other.
-ndombyada (ndombysezi) v.i. to walk slowly; without strength. der.
mundombyseli. syn. -ngunysela, -shonjJnga. rel. -ndombyselela
(ndombyselezi) to walk slowly to-wards. cuas. -) -ndombyselisa (ndomby
elisize) to cause to walk slowly; b) -ndombyseliseza (ndom-byaeliselize)
to accompany some-where a person too weak to walk alone: Na ni zwile mwa
sipatela ne ni tokwile wa ku ni ndombyaeliseza kwa hae, l failed to find
someone to help me home when I left the hospital. int. -ndombyselelela
(ndombyselelezi) to go for good somewhere, handicapped by weakness. ref. -
indombyselis (in-dombyselisize) to drag oneself along.
-ndombyanga (ndombpngik) v.i. as ~nby da.
ndondango, n. habit of getting things from the same place again and again: ku
eza simu ya mutu ndondango. to steal again and again in someone's field.
ndondela, n. well-being, comfort: Ni ca ndondela mwa musebezi wa ka, I am
happy in my work. ndondelia or
ndondelys, adv. with satisfaction: idiom. exp. ku miza ndondelia, to drink,
to eat with satisfaction.
ndondo1 (li-) n. earthen pot, pitcher. fig. exp. ku tiba sina ndondo, not to
know how to swim, Musali ya sa pepi ki ndondo ya ku nwela mezi, a sterile
woman is of no use at all.
ntlondo2 (li-) n. one of ruminant's stomachs. cf. sibumba
ndondo3, interj. of joy; of thankful-ness: Ndondo! mwanaka u f tile, I am so
happy my child has come.
-ndondola1 (ndondozl) v.t. (1) to fillip: Ni ndondozi mahuluhulu a ka
kauXela,'kono ha ku na le li buzwize, I hiliped all my mahuluhulu; but not
a single one was ripe. Fsg. exp. Bwa sa Š ku sa ni sa ka ndonodoli, I did
not eat anything for the whole day. (2) to shoot at or hit with an arrow.
rel. -ndondolela (ndondolezi) to fillip for someone, to shoot at with
arrows for someone. fret;.
-ndondaula (ndondauzi) to fillip re-peatealy with arrows.
-ndodaula2 (ndondozi) v.i. to hatch (bring forth from the egg)
ndondoma (ndondomile) t.i. to speak with a very low voice, to speak angrily.
rel. -ndo domda ( dondomezi) to speak angrily to someone. caus. -ndondomis
(ndt~ tomisize) to cause to ~. ref. -in-tiondomisa (indondomisize) to
force one's voice.
ndontiomoka (ndondomokile) v.i. to hatch. (emerge from the egg).
ndondomons (ndondomozi) v.t. to hatch, (bring forth from the egg). fig. to
have many children. rd. -ndondomoneb (ndondomonezi) to hatch in a certain
place. int. -ndon-domonelela (ndontiomonelezi) to batch all the eggs.
ndondwe, n. stoop! Bona munna wa ndondwe u Suluha mukolo wa ndondwe, just
look at that stoop-ing man in his canoe which is dangerously down at the
prow.
-ndondwela (ndon~rezl) e.t. (1) to grasp by the arm (people) by the leg or
horn (cattle). (2) to put one:s arm tightly round someone's neck. syn. -
bmbela. rd. xdondwelda ( dondv eizi) to grasp, to seize on someone's
behalf. caus. -ndondwe-lisa (ndond velisize) to help to grasp. rec.
xdondwd | (ndond ve-lani) to grasp each other tightly.
ndonga (li-) n. needle; syringe: ku taba ndonga. to give an injection. idiom
exp. ku shela mwa lito la ndonga, to have a close shave; to have a lucky
escape from a great danger.
ndongo1 (li-) n. ground nut, pea nut, monkey nut.
ndongo (li-) n. entrance of a bow- net. syn. sip i.
ndongo3 (li-) n. prow of a canoe: ku uluha mwa ndongo, to paddle at the prow.
ndongwa (li-) n. short-handled spear. fig. exp. ku taba ndongwa, to
participate uninvitedly in a meal leaving the hosts hungry.
ndongwvama (ndongv mi or ntlong-vamile) w.t. (I ) to hate persistently: Uutu
yo u ni ndongwami m¿we. konji a ni bulaye. this man hates me very much and
I fear he might kill me. (2) to chase: Npya ka i ndong-wami /kwŸ, my dog
 chased a lechwe antelope. rel. -ndong va-mda (ndong v mezi) to hate for a
reason: Ku ndongwamela mutu ku sa hae ku m¿we, it is bad to hate someone
because of jealousy alone. c us. -ndong vamisa (ndong-vamisize) to act in
such a way that a person is hated by someone. int. -ndongwamdeb
(ntingbnmeEzi) to hate someone for ever m. -ndong vam na (ndong v m ni) to
hate each other persistently. ref. -indong vama (intlong v mi) as rec.
ndoo (li-) n. Luyana. Ieopard. syn. ngwe.
ndopu(li-) n. Luyana. elephant. syn. tou. Banabondopu, twins. syn. mambik.
idiom. exp. ndopu-wa-sele-saye, something belonging to no one; Simu ya ka
ba if etuzi ndopu-wa-se/e-saye, ba i kungela lico mo ba latela, they
consider my field as an ownerless plot where they help themselves to the
crop just as they like; ndopu-a-sibinda, caviller, someone who has the
habit of rais-ing objections: Mutu yo, ku mu isa mo wa hana, ku mu isa ka
fa wa hana, ki ndopu-a-sibinda, this man cavils, for you ask him to do
this he refuses, ask him to do that he refuses.

ndotwani (li-) n. penis syn. nemba.

ndowa (li-) n. mud. syn. siieze.
ndu1 (ma-) n. (1) hut, house- room. (2) family (3) household effects: Lisholi
u huhuzi ndu ya ka kaufela, a thief has robbed me of all my be-longings.
spec. exp. ndu ya mwana, womb; matrixl after-birth; pla-centa ndu ya
kokwani, cocoon. cf. mwalianjo. sa exp. ku kena mwandu ya mutu to commit
adultery.
ndu2 interj. full up! Ndondo i tezi ili ndu ya mezi, the pitcher is full of
water right up to the rim; Mwa ndu ya ni mo ba-silisa ku se ku tezi batu,
ku ize ndu! that house where people are mourning is already full
ndui2 (ma-) n. fisherman.
ndul2 (li-) n. kind of water insect living on fish.
ndulweti (bo-) n. wild bitter vegeta-ble.
ndumba (li-) n. woollen blanket. cf. Iipai.
ndumbana (li-) n. a strong brave capable man.
ndumbwi! interj. used for a thing disappearing in water or for the setting of
the sun: Lizazi cwale se li li ndumbwi! the sun is now setting. (from -
ndumbwikela).
-ndumbwikela (ndumbwikezi) v.i. to disappear (of the sun; of anything under
the surface of water) sp. exp.: Ku zwisa muhupulo mwa toho ya musali ku
tata ku f ta sitibo se si ndumbwikezi mwa botolo ya mu-kungulu, to make a
woman change her mind is more difficult than to extract a cork out of an
empty bottle. syn. -tupwikela. caus. -ndumbwikelisa (ndumbvvikelisize ) to
cause to throw something into water. Int. -ndumbwikelela (ndumiF wikelezi)
to disappear entirely in water. (see kandumbwi).
-ndumbwikeza (ndumbwikelize) v.t. to throw something into water or into a
deep hole.
ndume (li-) n. a courageous man (from -ndumeba).
ndume2 (li-) n. severe ailment of the abdomen (tumour)
-ndumeba (ndumebile) v.i. Luyana. to be courageous. der. ndume ibun-dume.
rel. -ndumeibela (ndumeizi) to face courageously. caus. -ndu-mebisa
(ndumebisize) to give cour-age toheanen tostimulatesome-one's courage.
ndumeketi (II-) n. ambassador rep-resentative of a government in a foreign
country. syn. mulumiws.
ndumepu (li-) n. Iarge bull hippopo-tamus.
ndumewa (li-) n. male dog. cf. nja.
-ndumuka (ndumukile) v.i to become dispersed; fiy away (many birds) syn. -
ungumuka -undumuka -ngumuka. cf. -hasasa. rel. -ndumu-kela (ndumukezi) to
disperse or to fiy away in a cenain direction Li-nyunywani Ii ndumukezi
kai? where did the birds fly to? caus. -ndumu-kisa (ndumukisize) to
 disperse int. -ndumukelela (ndumukelezi) to become dispersed fiying away
for good.
-ndumuna (ndumuzl) v.t. to disperse to scatter; to scare birds. cf. -lita
rel. -ndumunela (ndumunezi) to scare birds. intentionally: Banana ba ni
ndumunezi linyunywani ze ne ni bata ku kunupa children scared away the
birds which I was going to shoot. caus. -indumunisa (ndu-munisize) to help
to scare birds. int. -ndumunekela (ndumunelezi) to scare away all the
birds.
nduna (ma-) n. chief councillor: nduna wa muezi, village headman.
-ndunda (ndundile) v.i. to make a noise when walking quickly with short
steps: Ni utwa mutu ya ndunda kwande, I can hear the noise of someone
walking quickly outside. rel. Uundela (ndundezl) to hurry somewhere taking
short steps: Y>acenu ni ndundezi hahulu kwande bake–isa ku katazwa ki
mala, last night I hurried many times outside because of suffering from
diar-rhoea. caus. -ndundim (ndundisize) (1) to cause to toddle or to walk
hurriedly: Mwanana yo se si mu ndundisa cwana ki–i? why is this child
toddling like this? (2) to take away hurriedly: A mu bone njayani i
ndundisa sisapo, look at that dog hurrying with a bone. (3) to step
heavily when carrying a load. int. -dundiseleza (nduodiselelize) to carry
away everything: Ki lisholi u ndundiselc/ize nama kaufela kwa hae, he is a
thief for he took all the meat to his home.
ndundana (ndundani or ndundanile) a.i. (I ) to work energetically: lfacenu ni
ndundanile ahulu, mi ni felize musebezi wa ka, I made a very great effort
today and I have finished my work. (2) to resist: Na ndundana kono cwale u
honehile, he tried to resist but now his strength has gone. der. mandunda
caus. -dund nis (nd_nbize) to cause to resist. ref. -bdundanilsa (Indun-
daniiize) to wrestle.
ndundo (li-) n. cervical bone.
ndundu (li-) n. bundle of bark strips. cf. _ba.
-ndundula (ndunduzl) v.t. to stamp a small quantity of bran. syn. -n8 nda
rel. -ndundulela (ndundu-ilezi) to ~ for someone. ca". -ndundulisa
(ndundulbize) to help to ~ freq. -ndundaub (ndundauzl) to ~ hurriedly.
ref. -bd kla (bdun-dulezl) to ~ for oneself.
-ndunduma (ndundumile) v.l. to hurry (as on a trip). rel. -ndundu-mela
(ndundumezi) to hurry some-where. caus. -ndundumisa (ndundu-misize) (1) to
cause to hurry; (2) to forget one's duty because of great haste: Ki–i se
si ku ndundumisize cwalo, mane u yo ndundumisa ni ma–olo a batu? why were
you in such a hurry that you even forgot people's letters.
-ndunduya (ndunduylle) v.i. to walk from one place to another (child). der.
Iindunduya. c us. -ndunduyisa (ndunduyisize) to cause to walk everywhere.
ndunu (li-) n. chaff (corn, millet) syn. muku.
ndutata, n. stubbornness, obsti-nacy. syn. maha–i.
nduyana (li-) n. someone who knows the river very well; expen fisherman
believed to have power over crocodiles.
ndwa (li-) n. war, battle, struggle, fight.
ndwafulu (li-) n. Iarge tonoise. cf. kuh.
ndwalume (li-) n. courageous and experienced warrior.
ndwenduka (nd vendukile) v.i. to look fixedly, to stare at. syn. -njuka, -
lubuka, -lutub. rel. ~ vendukela (ndvendhkezi) to look at fixedly, to
stare at. c us. -ndvven-dukisa (ndvvendukbize) to cause to ~.
ndwindwi (bo-) n. a species of edible mushroom
ne1 adv. no polite word of refusal or denial. cf batili, awa.
ne2 ad;. rour: batu ba bane, four people; mapulu amane, four oxen.
neamba (bo-) n. troublesome person, a person talking too much and without
restraint.
nebeta (bo-) n. a very old person.
nee! inter;. Ku li nee! se ili nee! it is quiet. syn. ku li tuu! se ili tuu!
-nefuka (nefukile) v.i. to be empty (stomach): Mwa mbaya hae ku nefu-kile,
his stomach is empty.
-nefuka2 (nefukile) v.i. to be full of elasticity. (objects).
nefunjo (bo-) n. someone who eats greedily regardless of others. (from
funjela).
-neka (nekile) v.i. to be very finely sifted: Bupi bwa No. 1, bu nekile
hahulu ku fta bwa No. 2, No. l flour is sifted much more finely than No.
2. caus. -nekisa (nekisize) to sift very finely.
neku (orig.) lineku (ma-) n. side-kwa neku leli–wi, on one side- kwa neku
lisili, on another side; kwa maneku kaufela, from all sides from all
points of view; kwa neku la bulyo, on the right; kwa neku la nzohoto, on
the left.
nekunda (bo-) n. a woman aware of evil things but keeping silent. fig.
woman's underwear.
-nela (nelile) v.i. (see na-).
-nema (nemile) v.i. (1) to walk with a jerky gait (due to a heavy load). (2)
to be unbalanced, to bend due to heaviness: Mutiyo wa ka wa ni bulaya
bake–isa ku nema, the load I am carrying on the stick is ex-hausting me
because it tends to jerk. syn. -nemuka cf. -tepeta. caus. -nemisa
(nemisize) to cause to sag when walking, to cause to bend (heaviness).
red. -nema-nema (nema-nemile) to walk with small and quick steps (as when
carrying a heavy load).
nemba (li-) n. penis. syn. ndot vani.
nembele (li-) n. kind of fish (with a small mouth). syn. mutokeya.
nembwe (li-) n. kind of fish.
-nemda (nemetile) v.t. to carry to transport to remove things in stages: Na,
ki na ni sweli ku nemeta mbonyi ya bona ni li nosi, I am car-rying their
maize all by myself. syn. -nemuka. caus. -nemetisa (ne-metisize) to help
to carry to trans-pOn many things.
-nemuka1 (nemukile) v.i. to be bent due to heaviness. der. manemuka. syn. -
nema. caw. -nemukisa (nemu-kisize) to bend: lWitai ya mango ya ka, i
nemukisizwe ki ku bey ahahulu, the branches of my mango tree are bent by
the fruit. int. -nemukelela (nemukelezi) to be extremely bent.
-nemuka2 (nemukile) v.i. to remove things in stages. syn. -nemeta.
-nenaula or -nenauna (nenauzi) v.t. to despise continually. der. mune-nauni
syn. -nyefula. rel. -nenaunela (nenaunezi) to despise about something: Ku
nenauneia mutu fa nama ya hae ku maswe, it it is bad to despise someone-
because he re-fused to let you buy some of his meat. caus. -nenaunisa
(nenauni-size) to provoke someone's con-tempt.
-nenekeza (nenekelke) v.i. & v.t. (1) to restrain one's language; (2) to give
parsimoniously.
-nengaX (nengiie) v.t. (1) to try to find out a matter privately (2) to
betray. der. munengi kanenga. syn. beteka. rel. -nengela (nengezi) to have
bad designs against. c us. -nengisa (nengisize) to provoke be-trayal. int.
-nengeleb (nengelezi) to persevere in having bad designs against someone.
red. -nenga-nenp.(neng-nengile) to try to detect.
-neng 2 (nengile) v.i. Luyana. to dance (any kind of dance).
nengelelo (bo-) n. Pied Kingfisher. syn. mutangalati sakacompole.
-nenola or -nenona (nenozl) v.t. as -nenona.
-nenumuka (nenumukile) v.i. to slip der. munenene.
-nepa (nepile) v.t. (1) to hit on the right a–swer; (2) to throw (spear or
stone) (3) to ejaculate. der. b munepi nepo syn. -posa. rel. nepela
(nepezi) to throw to: U Enepezi tipa mwa mezi, he threw a knife into the
water. fig. exp. ku nepela mutu linguli, to speak to someone in parables.
caus. -nepisa (nepisize) to make a person be right or find the right
answers Int.stat. -nepahala (nepahalile) to be all correct (answers). int.
-nepe-Ida (nepelezi) to find all the cor-rect answers. rec. -enpana
 (nepani f - or nepanile) to throw at each other. freq. -nepanga to usually
find the tcorrect answers. red. -nepa-nepa (nepa-nepile) to play by
throwing things again and again. ref. -inepela (inepezi) as rec. - ..
nepo (li-) n. pass mark: A lu sika fumana kale linepo za luna, we have not
yet received the examination results.
nete (li-) n. Iarge field; reeds in a marshy place.
-netemana (netemani or netemanile) vi.i. (1) to be concave (speaking of a
wall of a place etc. etc.); (2) to be almost sinking: Mu longile hahulu
mane mukolo wa mina so ne-temani, your canoe is almost sink-ing for you
loaded it too much. der. sineta. caus. -netemanisa (nete-manisize) to
cause to be concave-to cause a canoe to be in danger of sinking by loading
it too much.
Newa n. one of the Litunga's yards.
-nga (ngile) v.t. to take to fetch idiom. exp. ku ngEwa ki Nyambe to die a
natural death; ku nga nak—, to last. der. mungi, mungelo, singelo. rel. -
ngela (ngezi) to take for some-one, to take with a certain inten tion: So
ngezi likubo za mutu yo ki sika ma–i? why have you taken that person's
blankets? caus. -ngisa (ngisize) to order, to help to tŒke. stat. -ngeha
(ngehile) to be under the charm of something or some-body: Ni ngehile
hahulu ka sifateho sa hao sesinde, I am under the charm of your lovely
complexion. int. -ngelela (ngelezi) to take the whole lot. rec. -ngana
(ngani or nganile) to agree mutually to live in concubinage. freq. -ngaga
to keep on taking. red. -nga-nga (nga-ngile) to take every now and then.
ref. -Ikungela (ikungezi) to take for oneself, to appropriate a thing for
oneself.
nga-nga-nga ! interj. expressing a feeling of cold, of fear, etc. U sabi-
sizwe ki noha yetuna, mane wa ngangama u li nga-nga-nga, he has been
frightened by a big snake, that is why he is trembling all over.
ngala1 (li-) n. crest: Liowanyi li na ni ngala yende ku ze–wi kaufela, the
most beautiful crest of all is that of the crested-crane.
ngala2, n. the middle of a river, of a lake (where water is deep)- Mu
kandulele mukolo mwa ngala, push off the canoe into the deep water.
-ngalaela (ngalaezi) v.i. to walk in an open place in order to be seen. der.
Iingalaela, lingalaelelo.
ngalalela, n. place of shallow water. ngalamena, noun take adverbially:
backwards; ku wa ngalamena, to fall backwards; ku tapa ngalamena, to swim
on the back; ku shwa ngala-mena, to die Iying on one's back.
ngalangala (li-) n. tuft at the end of a reed or a maize stock- feather head-
dress.
ngalanganja (li-) n. tattoo around the eye.
-ngaleka1 (ngalekile) v.t. to let a canoe go on a rock, or run aground caus.
-ngalekisa (ngaleki-sue) to cause to ~ freq -nple-kanga or-ngalateka
(npitekib) to let a canoe go on rocks again and again
-ngaleka2 (ng lekile) v t to take a canoe to the middle of a river where it
is dangerous fg to speak for the first time about an impor-tant matter, to
make an avowal of love (man), to take for the first time difficult matters
to an impor-tant person c us -ng lekisa (nga-lekisize) to take a canoe to
the middle of a river for a certain reason ref -inpleka (ingalekile) fig
to present thoughtlessly one's matters to important people; to at-tempt to
carry a load too heavy for oneself U ingalekile mutiyo wa sa koni ku
lwala, he tried to carry a load far too heavy for him
-ngaluka (nplukile) v i to be dishe-velled fig to be covered with a promising
crop
-ngaluka2 (ngalukile) v i to appear proudly somewhere in order to be seen Mwa
mu bona muikumusi yani, a sa li ku ngaluka mwa hali a batu! look at that
arrogant chap there, standing with pride in the public der. mung bko syn.
-nga-tuka rel. -ngalukela (ngalukezi) to appear proudly in public with a
 cenain intention caus. -nplukis (ngalukisize) to cause to appear in public
in order to be seen
ngaluko, n. manner of beating someone down (when wrestling); ku wa ngaluko,
to fall on one's back
ngambanga (lii-) n. habit of speaking too much, of saying anything that comes
to mind
Ngambela (li-) n. Litunga's Prime Minister syn. Sope, Minyolui, Muswa
ngambob (li-) n. conversation, chat (from -ambola)
ngamboto (li-) n. a matter of common knowledge, a matter known everywhere and
talked about by everybody
ngambu! interj stop! finished! ku nata mutu ngambu, to fell someone; ku
bulela ngambu, to speak in such a manner that answers or com-ments are
impossible
ngambwamuke (bo-) n. Knob-billed Duck
ngana (lil-) n. intelligence, mind, wisdom, sense, common sense syn. mano
nganda (ngandlle) vt to throw to the ground (when wrestling) freq -ngand ka
(ngandakile) to throw to the ground again and again
nganda2 (ngandile) v t to stamp a small quantity of bran syn. -ndun-dula rel.
-ngandeb (ngandezi) to ~ for someone caus. -ngandisa (ngandisize) to help
to ~ red -nganda-nganda (ng nda-ngandile) to ~ intermittently ref -inpndeb
(ingandezi) to ~ for oneself
-ngandaela (ngandaezi) v i to walk about openly when it would be better not
to do so Muloi u sezwi sa ngandaela Sela, the sunrise has taken the
sorcerer by surprise, and so he is revealed for what he is rel. -
ngandaelela (ng ndaelezi) to walk openly in a certain direction c us -
ngandaelisa (ngandaelisize) to cause to walk openly, to carry openly a
thing which should be hidden U. sike wa ngandaelisa ka-sunso kao u ka pate
hande, do not walk showing that meat to all and sundry, hide it ng
ngandaleza, noun taken adverbi-ally, in public llfu sike mwa siya li-byana
ngandaleza, mu li kenye mwa ndu, do not leave these things in public, take
them into the house -ngandamana (ngandamani or ngan-damanile) v i to be
without cover to walk without a hat der. singan-damani
ngandameka (ngandamekile) v t to put, to leave something in the open
-ngandana1 (ngandani or ngandanile) v i to work hard, to be active doing many
things at a time
-ngandana2 (ngandani or ngandanile) v i to move about (as a child) rel. -
ngandanela (ngandanezi) to move about somewhere U sike wa ngan-danelafa
mubili wa bo maho, do not bother your mother rolling around her all the
time c us -ngandanisa (ngandanisize) to cause to writhe; to cause to roll
about Mwananayo se si mu ngandanisa cwana ki tabo, that child is rolling
around like that because he is happy
-ngandinga (ngandingile) v i to be impudent, insolent, impeninent syn. -
tapala
-ngandoka (ngandokile) v i to fall continually (as a child learning to walk
or as drunk person)
ngandu (li-) n. Luyana crocodile fig a greedy, stingy person syn. kwena
-ngandumuka (ngandumukile) v i to fall heavily
-ngandumuna (ngandumuzi) v t to throw to the ground (in wrestling), to knock
someone down syn. -npnda
nganga (li-) n. charm used on a fishing net
nganga2 (li-) n. Luyana medicine man, African doctor (from -banga)
-nganga3 (ngangile) v t to build, to do any wood work (carpentry, joinery,
etc ) der. mungangi, bung- angl, singangiso syn. -panga cf -yaha rel. -
ngangela (ngangezi) to build for someone. caus. -ngangisa (ngangisize) to
help to build. red. -nganga-nganga (nganga-ngangile) to build
incompletely. ref. -ingang-ela (ingangezi) to build for oneself.
-ngangama (ngangamile) v.i. to shiver, to tremble, to shake, to shudder (from
fear, cold or anger). der. mungangami, ilungangami. syn. -tutuma, -njanja,
cf. -mbwembweta. rel. -ngangamela (ngangamezi) to tremble for: Ba
ngangamela litapi ze ba sa bonangi, they are shaking with excitement on
seeing some fish, as they haven't had any for a long time. caus. -
ngangamisa (ngangamisize) to cause to shiver. rec. -ngangamelana
(ngangamelani) to be trembling with fury (speak-ing of two people on the
point of fighting). freq. -ngangamanga to have the habit of trembling, of
shivering.
-ngangamana (ngangamani or ngangamanile) v.i. to be perplexed, to be
distressed. der. singanyenga-nye. syn. -ziyeleha. caus. -nganga-manis
(ngangamanisize) to put in a difficult position, to embarrass; to keep
waiting: Mutu yo sa ni ngangamanisizefela, a sa li ku ngela mukolo wa ka
kale, ha u kutisi, this man has kept me waiting unduly since he took my
canoe has not brought it back.
-ngangameka (ngangamekile) v.t. to entrust someone with duties which are
above his strength or ability. syn. -ngulumeka. ref. -ingangameka
(ingangamekile) to undertake something which is above one's power.
-ngangameza (ngangamelize) v.t. to swallow, liquid food speedily.
ngangano (li-) n. hard competition, a match often leading to fighting. (from
-kangana).
-ngangatela (ngangatezi) v.i. to become hard (speaking of the soil where
cattle have been treading a lot during the rainy season. syn. -mbambatela.
caus. -ngangateza (ngangatelize) to harden the soil in the way mentioned
above
-ngangauka (ngangaukile) v.i. to speak angrily with a loud voice syn. -
kangauka. caus. -ngangaukisa (ngangaukisize) to cause someone to use
abusive language
ngangila n. state of standing with-out moving.
-nganguka (nganukile) v.i. to stand straight up; to be properly erected
(building).
-ngangula (nganguzi) v.t. to build. der. ngangula. syn. -yahs. rei. -
ngangulela (ngangulezi) to build for someone. caus. -nganguiiss (ngang-
ulisize) to help to build. ref. -ing-angulela (ingangulezi) to build for
oneself.
ngangula (bo-) n. a skilful car-penter. (from -ngangula).
-nganja (li-) n. earthen cup. idiom. exp. Lu isweli nganja kacenu! we are
drinking today! cf. mukope.
-nganguta (ngangukile) v.i. to be ex-ceedingly joyful showing one's joy in
public. der. mungatuko. cf. -nga-luka. caus. -ngatukisa (ngatukisize) to
cause to rejoice publicly
-ngayana (ngayani or ngayanile) v.i. to jabber to speak incoherently. (often
used when speaking of a dying person) der. mungayani. syn. -yahana -wayana
-yambutuka. rel. -ngayanela (ngayanezi) to go and jabber somewhere: Zwa
fa, u yo ngayanela koo, get out go and jabber somewhere else caus. -
ngayanisa
ngayanisize) to cause to talk non sense: Ki buswala bo nwile bo bu ku.
ngayanisa cwalo kapa cwa–i? is it the beer you drank that is making you
talk nonsense like this or what? red. -ngayana-ngayana (ngayana-ngayani)
to speak inco-herently
ngazi n. blood cf. mali.
ngele (li-) n. the seventh cervical vertebra (protuberant) fig. greedi-ness:
Wena u na ni gnele hahulu, how terribly greedy you are! cf. noci.
ngele2! inter;. of impatience or irri-tation: Ngele! zazi ni ka ku utwa hape
u bulela cwalo, ki peto u shwile, damn you! next time I hear you speak
like that I ll kill you!
-ngemuna (ngemuzi) v.t. to explain something in a convincing manner. cf. -
nepa.
-ngemuna2 (ngemuzi) v.t. to buy at the store and pay cash. cf. -leka.
ngenda (li- or bo-) n. Luyana. a visi-tor guest stranger. (from -enda)
-ngendenga (ngendengile) v.t. to work hard.
-ngenyuka (ngenyukile) v.i. to go downhill to descend speedily. der.
mungenyuko cf. -shetumuka -ndandumuka. fig. to be cross to get very angry
to lose one's temper rel. -ngenyukela (ngenyukezi) to descend somewhere;
fig. to be angry with someone. caus. -nge-nyukisa (ngenyukisize) or -nge-
nyuna (ngenyuzi) to cause to de-scend speedily; fig. to provoke someone's
anger. int. -ngenyuke-lela (ngenyukekezi) fig. to comple-tely lose one's
temper. ref. -inge-nyukisa (ingenyukisize) fig. to allow oneself to lose
one's temper: U. sike wa ingenyukisafa litaba za li-nolwani, do not lose
your temper over trifling matters.
-ngetanga (ngetangiie) v.t. to do a work that exceeds one's strength; to
participate in work being done by insufficient numbers; to work slowly.
caus. -ngetangisa (ngetangi-size) to help someone to do a work which
exceeds his strength.
ngete (bo-) n. so-and-so somebody a certain person. syn. mukete.
ngete-ngete (bo-) n. as above.
ngeti (li-) n. mole. fi8. (1) detective; (2) a person with protruding upper
teeth. syn. silufukwe.
ngilasi (li- or ma-) n. Eng. a glass glass pane; spectacles.
ngili (li-) n. wanhog. fig. a person with protruding upper teeth.
-ngilimana (ngilimani or ngilimanile) see -ngwilimana.
Ngilisimasi n. Eng. Christmas.
-ngituka (ngitukile) v.i. see -gintuka.
ngo (li-) n. (1) nose; lingo nostrils; ngo ya kulube. snout. (2) end; ngo ya
lilundu, the bottom of a hill; ngo ya musindi, the end of a valley; ngo ya
silabo, the upper end of a paddle.
ngolobani (li- or ma-) n. wheelbar-row; pram. -ngolongonda. (ngolongondile)
v.i. see -ngulungunda.
-ngolomana (ngolomani) v.i. see -ngulumana.
ngoma (li-)n. Luyana. drum of any kind; by ext: dance with drums.
ngoma2 (li-) n. Iarge mukwa tree roots (the point where they are at-tached to
the trunk.)
ngoma-ya-linosi (li-) n. beehive.
ngomalume (li-) n. Luyana a tradi-tional dance for men only; new moon dance.
ngomba (li-) n. Luyana. drummer. syn. mulizi mumbeti.
ngombe (ti-) n. Luyana. cattle. syn. komu.
ngombelulongo (bo-) n. Luyana. a fair righteous person.
ngombefungwa n. Luyana. cattle tied up to poles (where there is no kraal).
ngombemongo, adv. Luyana. back-wards.
ngombo (li-) n. divining basket. cf. taula, mutungu.
-ngomeka (ngomekile) v.t. to delay someone by talking too . much: U sike wa
ni ngotneka, ni ya kwahule, do not delay me by talking too much, for I
have a long way to go. syn. -ngotomeka rel. -ngomekela (ngomekezi) to
explain everything at great length to someone. caus. -ngomekisa
(ngomekisize) to cause to talk at length to someone. int. -ngomekelela
(ngomekelezi) to ex-plain everything at great length to someone ref. -
ingomeka (ingome-kile) to explain at length to some-one. ref. -ingomeka
(ingomekile) to explain at length important mat-ters to each other.
ngondo, noun taken averbially: for a long time: A sa li ku ya ngondo. he has
been away for a long time (from -ngondoka).
-ngondoka (ngondokile) v.i. to be absent for a long time. rel. -ngon-dekela
(ngondokezi) to go and stay away for a long time. caus. -ngon-dokisa
 (ngondokisize) to cause someone to ~. int. -ngondokelela (ngondokelezi) to
go for good.
-ngondola (ngondozi) v.i. to ring, to sound, to toll (speaking of a bell).
syn. -lila. rel. -ngondolela (ngondo-lezi) to ring on account of: Mu-
langu, o. so ngondolela cwana ku tahile lifu naa? why is the bell ring-ing
for so long, is there a funeral? caus. -ngondolisa (ngondolisize) to cause
to ring.
ngonga (li-) n. African Hawk Eagle. syn. mbande.
-ngongaela (ngongaezi) v.i. to walk slowly with nonchalance with apathy.
rel. -ngongaelela (ngongae-lezi) to walk somewhere noncha-lantly. caus. -
ngongaelisa (ngongae-lisize) to cause to ~.
ngongi (li-) n. African Gong (pro-ducing two different sounds) used in the
past by headmen to assem-ble people for public works or war. fig. Ieader:
Ha ku yoliswa Ngambela, kamita ufiwanga ngongi, ku bonisa kuli ki yena
ngongi ya sicaba, whenever a Ngambela is appointed to his office he is
given a gong as a token of his leadership.
ngongo (li-) n. articulation (anat.) ngongo ya lizoho, wrist ngongo ya
lihutu, ankle.
ngongola1 (li-) n. woodpecker. (from -ngongola).
ngongola2 (li-) n. black mamba (from -ngongola).
-ngongola3 (ngongozi) v.t. to strike to beat to hit der. ngongola. syn. -nata
-ngotola. rel. -ngongolela (ngongolezi) to ~ for someone caus. -ngongolisa
(ngongolisize) to cause someone to be beaten to help someone to beat.
freq. -ngongaula (ngongauzi) to ~ re-peatedly. rec. -ngongaulana (ngong-
aulani) to strike each other repeat-edly. ref. -ingongola (ingongozi) to
hit oneself.
ngongolo (li- or ma-) n. empty tin (between solik and slik).
-ngongota (ngongotile) v.t. to knock at the door: Ni utwa mutu ya ngong-otafa
sikwulo, I can hear someone knocking at the door. syn. -kokota. fig. to go
and report at an oEce syn. -ma–ala. rel. -ngongotela (ngongotezi) to knock
at some-one's door. fig. to report to some-one. caus. gongotisa
(ngongotisize) to knock for a reason at someone's door. fig. to cause to
report. freq. - ngongotanga to have the habit of. knocking fig. to report
habitually
-ngongotela (ngongotezi) vt (1) to hammer to nail; to build syn. -ko-kotela;
(2) to crucify rel. -ngongo-telela (ngongotelezi) to build for someone.
caus. -ngongotelisa (ngongotelisize) to order; to help to build. int. -
ngongotelelela (ngongotelelezi) to complete a building work ref. -
ingongotelela (ingongotelezi) to put up a build-ing by one's own efforts.
-ngongweka (ngongwekile) v.t. to delay by talking too much. der. lingongwe.
ref. -ingongweka (ing-ongwekile) to delay each other by endless talking:
Batu bani ba sa li ku ingongwekafani ni he lu ba biza ha ba utwi! those
people cannot hear us for they are engaged in an endless conversation!
-ngongwela (ngongwezi) v.t. to hold tightly syn. -swala.
ngongjo n. detour. (from -ngonjo-loka). syn. mupotoloho.
-ngonjoloka (ngonjolokile) v.i. to go round to make a detour. der. ngonjo.
syn. -potoloha. fig. to di-gress from one's subject. caus. -ngonjolokisa
(ngonjokkisize) fig. to cause to digress from one's sub-ject: Wena se si
ku ngonjolokisa taba u nzo i ziba ki–i? what makes you digress from the
subject when you know it so well?
ngopili! interj. wait (orig. ngo pili the nose first): Ngopili, nif te! wait
let me go first!
-ngosoha (ngoshize) v.t. to sew tightly; to twist a rope tightly.
-ngotola (ngotozi) vt to strike to beat to hit. syn. -nata -ngongola. fg. to
have sexual intercouse once with a person (once ever or once during the
night). freq. -ngotauh (ngotauzi) to beat to strike repeat- edly: Ki ma–i
 ya sweli ku ngotaula kwani? who is cutting trees over there? ref. -
ingotola (ingotozi) to hit oneself.
-ngotomeka (ngotomekile) v.i. (1) to adjure: U. sike wa ngotomeka mutu ka
litaba za buhata, do not try to convince someone with lies. (2) to delay
someone in talking too much. syn. -ngongweka. -ngomeka cf. -sondomeka.
rel. -ngotomekela (ngotomekezi) to explain matters at length to someone.
caus. -ngoto-mekisa (ngotomekbize) to cause to talk at length to someone.
ref. -ing-otomeka (ingotomekile) to explain at length important matters to
each other.
ngoweka (ngowekile) v.t. as -ngong-weka.
ngu (li-) n. sheep. fig. a good harm-less person. cf. ngombelulongo. -nguba
(ngubile) v.t. as -kuba.
ngui or ngwiwi (li-) n. Glossy Ibis.
ngula (li-) n. see kula.
ngulawela (li-) n. shaved nape. fig. ngulawelaya lishewa, shaved nape like
the unfeathered nape of a black Whydah (bird.).
-nguleka (ngulekile) v.t. to stab to spear (mostly big fish; crocodile or
wild animal): A kutumana sina kwena ye ngulekilwe ka muwayo, he remained
quiet like a crocodile which has been stabbed with a fishing-spear. syn. -
taba. rel. -ngu-lekela (ngulekezi) to stab for a reason. ref. -inguleka
(ingulekile) to stab oneself accidentally when fishing
nguli (li-) n. parable comparison: nguli ya mwanta litaswa, the para-ble of
the prodigal son.
ngulu1 (li-) n. sweet potato. syn. sim-bukuma.
Ngulu2 n. original name of the Bulozi Valley.
-ngulumana1 (ngulumani or ngulums-nile) v.i. to be empty fig. (1) to be empty
headed. (2) to sit aimlessly among others.
-ngulumana2 (ngulumani or nguluma-nile) v.i. see -ngwilimana, -windi-mana.
-ngulumeka (ngulumekile) v.t. (1) to give someone work greater than his
strength: Ba mu ngulumekile musebezi wa sa koni, they gave him work which
he is unable to do. (2) to use great means to perform a small work: Ba
ngulumekile piza yetuna fa liso, mi ki tulaisi totunyi-nyani to tu bila
mwate–i, they have put a large pot on the fire yet there is just a little
bit of rice boiling in it. cf. -ngangameka. ref. -inguh-meka (ngulumekik)
to undefake work too great for one's strength.
-ngulunda (ngulundile) v.i. (1) to dis-obey orders- (2) to live in a way
which shows a strong desire for di-vorce (woman). syn. -mbalanda. der.
Iingulunde, bungulunde. caus. -ngulundisa (ngulundisize) to incite someone
to disobey.
-ngulundisa (ngulundisize) v.t. to nuin or to damage a tool in using it
improperly: Silepe sa ka ba si ngu-lundisize hahulu, they have badly
blunted my axe.
-ngulungela (ngulungezi) v.t. to cheat. dEr. simangulungwa, mungu-lungeli.
syn. -puma, caus. -ngulung-isa (ngulungisize) to cause to cheat or to be
impolite. rec. -ngulunge-bna (ngulungelani) to cheat each other.
-ngulungunda1 (ngulungundlle) v.i. (1) to feel one's way with the hand,.to
grope, to poke about (chiefly in search of food): Ki ma–i ya ngu-lungunda
mwa ndu? who is poking about in the house looking for food? (2) to be
alone in a large house which has very little furni-ture: Nduya ka
kiyetuna haXulu, ha ni ngulungunda mwate–i inge kapeba, my house is very
large-when I am alone in it, I feel like a little mouse. cf. -pupuleza.
caus. -ngulungundisa (ngulungundisize) to cause to grope, to poke about.
-ngulungunda2 (ngulungundile) v.i. to thunder. rel. -ngulungundela (ngu-
lungundezi) to thunder at a certain distance: Mwa utwa, pula ye se ÁI'o
ngulungundela kwahule, ha i sana ku nela, it is now thundering miles away,
so there will be no rain.
ngulungundu ! idioph. imitation of the sound made by a person or an object
falling to the ground cf. Iukutu !
-ngulutisa (ngulutisize) v.t. as -ngu-lundisa.
-ngulya (ngulyile) v.t. to swallow. syn. -miza.
-ngulyana (ngulyani) v.i. to be un-certain, to hesitate. caus. -ngulya-nisa
(ngulyanisize) to cause hesita-tion. ref. -ingulyanisa (ingulyani-size) to
become irresolute.
-ngulyana2 (ngulyani) v.i. to wander about, to tramp. rel. -ngulyanela
(ngulyanezi) to ~ in a certain place. syn. -shekaela. caus. -ngulya-nisa
(ngulyanisize) to cause to ~ red. -ngulyana-ngulyana (ngulyana-ngulyani)
to be without a fixed abode.
-ngulya-ngulya (ngulya-ngulyile) v.i. as -ngulyana.2
-ngumaela (ngumaezi) v.i. to walk alone (a sick or an old person). syn. -
ngunyaela.
-ngumana (ngumani) v.i. to sit alone, silently. der. mungumani. (see -
ungumana).
-ngumbwama (ngumbwami) v.i. to disappear (see -ngumbwikela).
ngumbwi! inter;. used for a thing disappearing suddenly (like the sun behind
clouds or an object irs water). syn. ndumbwi! tupwi!
-ngumbwikela (ngumbwikezi) v.i. to disappear (behind the clouds or in water):
Lizazi se li ndumbwikezi mwa malu, the sun has just disap-peared behind
the clouds; komoki i ndutwikezi mwa mezi, the cup dis-appeared under the
water syn.-ngumbwama, -tupwikela. caus. -ngumbwikeza (ngumbwikelize) to
cause to disappear. int. -ngumbwi-kelela (ngumbwikelezi) to disap-pear
completely.
-ngumbyauka (ngumbyaukile) v.i. to be agitated (like a liquid in a bucket
carried by someone).
-ngumuka (ngumukile) v.i. to doze, to nod. syn. -ozela. freq. -ngumauka
(ngumaukile) or-ngumoka (ngumo-kile) to be overcome by sleep. caus. -
ngumaukisa ( ngumaukisize ) or -ngumokisa (ngumokisize) to cause
slumbering. ref. -ingumau-kisa or -bgumokisa (ingumauki-size) to pretend
to fall asleep: Mutu yo ha ozeli, u ingumokisafela, wa utwa ze lu bulela,
this man is not asleep, he is only pretending to be, and he hears what we
say.
-ngumuka2 or -nguumuka (nguumu-kile) v.i. to become dispersed. (as-ndumuka).
-ngunda (ngundile) v.t. to hem; to sew the edge of a mat, the rim of a
basket, (etc.) der. mungundi, mung-undo. rel. -ngundela (ngundezi) to ~
for someone. caus. -ngundisa (ngundisize) to help someone to ~. int. -
ngundelela (ngundelezi) to ~ completely, to ~ to the end. ref. -ingundela
(ingundezi) to ~ for one-self: Ki na ya ingundezi museme wa ka, hakuna ya
ni ngundisize ona, I sewed the edge of my mat myself without anyone's
help.
-ngunda2 (ngundile) v.t. to walk about; to search. der. Iingundamu-kulo,
mungunda. caus. -ngundisa (ngundisize) to cause to ~. rec. -ngundana
(ngundani or ngundanile) to walk to and fro (as a guard). red. -ngunda-
ngunda ( ngunda-ngundile) to walk about nearby.
ngundu (bo-) n. someone who be-littles himself: Ku bulele ba ba bulela insi–i
luna bo ngundu, let those involved in the matter speak and not we poor
creatures (and not the likes of us).
ngundula (ngunduzi) v.i. to walk from one place to another: sitong-wani si
lata hahulu ku ngundula mwa minzi busihu, the hyena is very fond of
walking from one village to another at night. der. namung-und ve, cf. -
ndunduya. rel. -ngundu-lela (ngundulezi) to walk towards. c us. -
ngundulisa (ngundulisize) to cause to walk from one place to another.
-ngundumana (ngundumani or ngun-dumanile) v.i. to sleep. syn. -lobala. caus.
-ngundumanisa (ngundumani-size) to caus to sleep. ref. -ingun-dumanisa
 (ingundumanisize) or -ingundumeka (ingundumekile) to pretend to fall
asleep. syn. -ingu-mokisa.
-ngundunganya (ngundunganyize) v.t. (1) to bring trouble to. to dis-turb:
Yela banana, mu sike mwa ngundunganya likomu, hey! chil-dren do not
disturb the cattle! (2) to upset people, to cause trouble or discord: U lu
Sumani lu pila hande, cwale wena ha uf tile u tilio lu ngundunganya, we
were living peacefully until you came, and caused discord amongst us. der.
mungundungundu. syn. -Tllikanya, cf. -kataza.
ngunga (li-) n. Iarge gander.
-ngunga2 (ngungile) v.t. to cheat, to cheat in order to steal. der. iling-
unga, mungungi, lingunga, syn. -puma.
-ngungana (ngungani or ngunganile) v.l. to be pressed, tightened, squeezed
together. caus. -ngunga-nisa (ngunganisize) to cause to be squeezed
together.
-ngunganya (ngunganyize) v.t. to join, to connect; to press, to tighten, to
squeeze. syn. -ngung-eka, cf. -kopanya. rel. -ngunga-nyeza (ngunganyelize)
to ~ for someone. caus. -ngunganyisa (ngunganyisize) to cause to ~. int. -
ngunganyeleza (ngunganyelelize) to join tightly together. ref. -ing-
unganyeza (ingunganyelize) to ~ for oneself: Ki na ya ingunganyelize
taSuleye, I joined my table together by myself.
-ngungeka (ngungekile) v.t. as -ngunganya.
-ngungula (ngunguzi) v.t. (1) to elbow, to jostle. (2). to knock a canoe with
a paddle when pad-dling. syn. -kuba, -nguba. rel. -ngungulela (ngungulezi)
to jostle purposely: So ni ngungulela k’–i? why are you elbowing me? caus.
-ngungulisa (ngungulisize) to cause to ~. req. -ngungaula (ngungauzi) to
jostle obstinately; to show stub-bornness, obstinacy. der. mungung-auleni.
rec. -ngungaulana (ngungau-lani) to jostle each other; to knee each other:
Banana kamita ba ngungaulana hahulu ha ba bona kuli lico lifakauf ni ku
buzwa, the chil-dren are always impatiently jos-tling each other when they
see that the meal is ready.
ngungule, n. mwanja wa ngungule, dried cassava roots.
-ngungumeza (ngungumelize) v.t. to drink a lot quickly. cf. -nwa. rel. -
ngungumeleza (ngungumelelize) to drink someone else's share. int. -
ngungumeleleza (ngungumellize) to drink the lot quickly in order not to
leave anything for another.
-ngunjangeta (ngunjangetile) v.t. to mend an old dress; to mend roughly. cf.
-bka. rel. -ngunjange-tela (ngunjangetezi) to mend rather carelessly for
another person. caus. -ngunjangetisa (ngunjangeti-size) to help to mend
roughly int. -ngunjangetelela ( ngunjangetelezi) to complete a rough
mending. ref. -ingunjangetela (ingunjangetezi) to make a rough mending for
oneself
-ngunjunga (ngunjungile) v.t. Luyana. to hum a tune, to whimper. rel. -
ngungjungela (ngun-Jungezi) to ~ somewhere: Zwa, u yo ngunjungela koo, go
away and hum your tune elsewhere. caus. -ngunjungisa (ngunjungisize) to
cause someone to ~. Se si ngun-jungisa mwanana yo ki tala, the ctila IS
wnimpering because of hunger.
-ngunyaela (ngunysezi) v.i. to walk slowly, without strength. syn. -
ndombysela. rel. -ngunyaeleb (ngu-nyaelezi) to walk slowly some-where.
caus. -ngunyselisa (ngunyse-lisize) to cause to walk slowly. ref. -
ingunyselela (ingunyselezi) to drag oneself along.
ngunyana (li-) n. Iamb; Ngunyanaya Mulimu, the Redeemer.
-ngunyuta (ngunyutile) v.t. to elbow, to jostle, to knock; to touch lightly
or inadvertently. syn. -kuba, -ngungula. ref. -ingunyuta (ingunyu-tile) to
knock or graze oneself on something.
-ngutula (ngutuzi) v.t. to kill (with a stick) cf. -bulaya rel. -nguXlela
(ngutulezi) to kill on someone's behalf or for a reason. caus. -ngu-
tulisa (ngutulisize) to cause to kill: Ki–i se si ku ngutulisize nja ya
 hao? why did you kill your dog? freq. -ngutaula (ngutauzi) to strike re-
peatedly to strike to death.
nguya (li-) n. a thin little child; a thin calf. syn. munguya.
-nguya2 (nguyile) v.i, to sing a mono-tonous song; to compose a song. der.
munguyi, linguya. rel. -nguyela (nguyezi) to sing for caus. -nguyisa
(nguyisize) to cause to sing, to join someone in singing ref. -inguyisa
(inguyisize) to be the cause of people singing: Na ha ni lati ku ing-uyisa
batufa lika za linolwani, I do not like to effect the singing of people
over small affairs.
-ngwaama (ngwaami or ngwaamile) v.i. to sit idly. cf. -ina. rel. -ngwaa-mela
(ngwaamezi) to sit waiting. caus. -ngwaamisa (ngwaamisize) to keep someone
waiting unduly. ref. -ingwaamisa (ingwaamisize) to delay oneself.
-ngwalumuka (ngwalumukile) v.i. to become wider, broader. cf. -atama. caus. -
ngwalumukisa (ngwa-lumukisize) or -ngwalumuna (ng-walumuzi) to widen, to
enlarge: Mu sike mwa ngwalumuna hahulu ndu ye mwa bupala, mulalo wa mina u
kusufale, do not make this house too wide so reouce the width shown on
your plan. rel. -ngwalu-munela (ngwalumunezi) to build a large house for
someone: U ngwa-lumunezi munyan'a hae ndu yende, he built a very nice big
house for his younger brother. ref. -ingwalu-munela (ingwahmunezi) to
build for oneself a large house.
ngwangwalyu (li- or ma-) n. wind-pipe, trachea, larynx.
ngwangwalya! interj. expressing sudden disappearance: A sa li ku ya kwa
bukuwa ngwangwalya! we have heard nothing about him since he leh for the
line of rail: ku miza ng-wangwalya, to swallow rapidly without taking a
breath.
-ngwanjula or -ngwenjuia (ngwen-juzi) v.t. to slash grass. der. mung-wenjuli,
singwenjuliso, cf. -puma, -mweta. rel. -ngwenjulela (ngwenju-lezi) to ~
for someone. caus. -ng-wenjulisa (ngwenjulisize) to order or to help
someone to ~ comple-tely.
-ngwangwasha (ngwangwashize) v.i. to walk shakily (old or sick person) syn. -
njanjata.
ngwashangwasha (li-) n. a little beer remaining in a pot, tin, mug, etc.
ngwe (li-) n. Ieopard. syn. ndoo.
ngwee, n. dawn: Bu sile, ku li ngwee; the night is over, dawn comes
ngwee2 (li-) n. copper coin worth one hundredth part of a kwacha (Zambian
money unit).
-ngweluka (ngwelukile) v.i. to be clear (sky) cloudless. der. ngweluu ! cf. -
apuha. int. -ngwelukelela (ngwe-lukelezi) to be blue, absolutely
cloudless: Kacenu ku ngwelukele-lezi, musipili wa luna u ta ba omunde;
today the sky is comple-tely clear, so our trip will be a pleasant one.
-ngwenjeka (ngwenjekile) v.t. to sur-round in order to kill, to trap (game,
birds, etc.,); to ambush (people) cf. -swasa. ngwenyama (li-) n. a greedy
person. syn. –wanyama.
ngweshi (li-) n. tiger fish.
ngweshi2 (li-) n. the Litunga's per-sonal spears.
ngwe-ya-linzi (li-) n. kind of insect very similar to the house-fly which it
often kills.
-ngwilimana (ngwilimani or ngwili-manile) v.i. to run very fast. syn. -mata,
-landamana, -kitima. rel. -ng-wilimanela (ngwilimanezi) to run towards.
caus. -ngwihnanisa (ng-wilimanisize) also -ngwilimeka (ng-wilimekile) to
cause to run fast, to pursue.
ni, conj. and, too, also, with; along side: Mu zamaye fela ni nuka, just go
along side the river; ku ba ni, to have, (to be with) cf. mi.
ni,2 pron. subj. and obj. first person, singular. 1: Ni bona mutu, I see
someone; ba ni bata, they are look-ing for me.
niha, nihaiba, nihaili, conj. through, although: Niha ni kula, na sebeza, l
am working although I am sick.
nihakuliewalo, conj. yet, still, how-ever, nevertheless. nihakusiewalo, conj.
if it is not the case.
ninguka (ningukile) v.i. to have a narrow waist (woman).
-ningula (ninguzi) v.t. to tighten. fig. exp. Tala i ni ninguzi, I am hungry.
(lit. hunger grasped me).
niti (li-) n. truth, veracity, sincerity; adv. exp. ka niti, truly, verily,
really. syn. buniti.
nja (li-) n. dog. fig. stingy, avari-CiOUS person.
nja2 (li-) n. wooden needle used in thatching
njafu, n. food eaten by someone on the point of dying, or by warriors on the
point of fighting.
njakati (bo-) n. Luyana. great eater (woman). cf. njalume.
-njakila (njakizi) v.t. to beat the third drum in a set of three. der.
munjakili, kanjakili.
njakula (njakuzi) v.t. to eat, chew-ing noisily. syn. -makula. cf. -ca. freq.
-njakaula (njakauzi) or-nja-kola (njakozi) to have the habit of ~.
-njaluka (njalukile) v.i. to remain standing. caus. -njalukisa (njaluki-size)
to keep someone standing. ref. -injalula (injaluzi) to remain standing
purposely: Ki–i ha u inja-luzi cwalo wena ha u sebezi nji? why do you
remain standing like this, have you nothing to do?
njalume (bo-) n. Luyana. great eater (man) cf. njakati.
njamala (li-) n. Eng. underwear, pyjama.
njamba (li-) n. Iarge bow-net. cf. lukuko.
njamulEda (bo-) n. wife disregarded by her polygamous husband.
-njanga (njangile) v.t. to accuse fal-sely. der. manjanga. syn. -tameleza.
rel. -njangela (njangezi) to deliber-ately ~. freq. -njangaka (njanga-
kile) or -njangaeka (njimgaekile) to often ~. ref. -injanga (injangile) to
be responsible for being falsely ac-cused.
-nJangameka (ngangamekile) v.t. to lift and place on. cf. -kambeka.
-njanga-njanga (njanga-njangile) v.i. to try to do a thing above one's power:
Ni njanga-njangafela, muse-bezi ki omutuna ha ni na ku u kona. I am just
trying to do that work, but I will not succeed for it is too big for me.
cf. -lika-lika. rel. -njanga-njangela (njanga-njangezi) to try every way
to help someone. caus. -njanga-njangba (njanga-njangisize) to help someone
who tries to do a thing above his strength.
-njangana (njanganl) v.i. to speak without ever coming to the point; to delay
one's work by talking too much. der. Iinjang na. cf. -liangana. caw. -
njanganisa (njanganisize) to delay someone by talking too much.
nJango (li-) n. wasps' nest.
njangwamuloti (bo-) n. Luyana. my-thical monster (see mwendalutaka or
mwendanjangub).
-njanja (njanjile) v.i. to tremble, to shiver, to shake (from cold, fear or
anger). syn. -n_,-mbwemb-weta. rel. -'njanjela (njanjezi) to tremble,
craving for something. caus. -njanjisa (njanjisize) to cŒuse to ~.rec. -
njanjelana (njanjelani) to shake with fury (speaking of two people on the
point of fighting). ref. -injanjisa (injanjisize) to make or to allow
oneself to shake with excitement etc: U sike wa injanjisa cwalo, sutelela
kwa mulilo; come to the fire do not go on shivering like that.
-njanjamana (njanjamani) v.i. to stand in admiration. der. Iinjanja-mana.
syn. -cimana. rel. -njanjama-nela (njanjamanezi) to stand with the purpose
of admiring some-thing. caus. -njanjamanisa (njanja-manisize) to cause
someone to stand and admire something
-njanjata (njanjatile) v.i. to walk shakily, like a sick or old person. syn.
-ngwangwasha. caus. -njanja-tisa (njanjatisize) to cause some-one to
njanji (li-) n. rail, railway, railway line: Ni ya kwa njanji kamuso, I am
going to the line of rail tomorrow. fig. a very strong person.
njanu (li-) n. Luyana. a greedy, ra-pacious person.
njapanjapa (li-) n. small pool, puddle, place covered with shal-low muddy
water. syn. njapwatila.
njapwatila (li-) n. place covered with muddy, miry water. syn. nja-panjapa.
-njapwanga (njapwangile) or -cap-wanga (capwangile) v.i. to paddle very
slowly and lazily. syn. -cap-waila.
njebwe (li-) n. poor, indigent person. syn. mufuzana, mubotana.
njee (li-) n. salt (spring-salt) syn. Iizwai. cf. mukele.
njefu (li-) n. water-nut. (fruit of an aquatic plant).
njekel (I; or ma-) n. sandy drift, ford.
njeke2 n. kind of grass.
njeke3 (li- or bo-) n. Whistling Teal or Tree Duck.
njeko (li-) n. bulbous root of a special kind of grass (much liked by wild-
geese and domestic ducks).
njeleb (ma-) n. place behind a vil-lage constructed on a slope.
njenga (li-) n. kind of small fish.
-njenja (njenjize) v.i. to trot. cf. -lika. rel. -njenjela (njenjezi) to trot
towards. caus. -njenjisa (njenjisize) to put a horse or an ox to a jog-
trot.
njenje, n. nakedness, barrenness: Ku zamaya njenje, to walk undressed. syn-
mapunu.
njenu-maeo (bo-) n. Luyana. person with protruding upper teeth. cf. ngeti.
njeshe, n. Luyana. as njenje.
njetumuko (li-) n. slope, declivity. syn. mundandumuko. (from -shetu-muka).
nji, conj. or, nji? interj. adv. is it so? it is not so? njikita, n. a great
number of cattle.
-njikula1 (njikuzi) v.i. to hiccup. der. njikunjiku. cuas. -njikulisa
(njikuli-size) to cause hiccups. freq. -nji-kaula (njikauzi) or
-njikola (nji-kozi) to have hiccups often.
-njikula2 (njikuzi) v.t. to hit with the arm. caus. -njikulisa (njikulisize)
to cause to ~. rec. -njikulana (njiku-lani) to jostle each other. freq. -
nji-kaula (njikauzi) or -njikola (nji-kozi) to hit repeatedly. red. -
njiku-lanjikula (njikulanjikuzi) as freq.
njikunjiku, n. hiccups (from -nji-kulal).
njilela (li-) n. serous, watery matter coming out of a sore; resin.
njilikati (bo-) n. Luyana. unmarried woman. syn. namukuka.
njilulume (bo-) n. Luyana. unmar-ried man, bachelor. syn. Iikwasha.
njima (li-) n. Luyana. new base for a worn out mortar.
njimba (li-) n. Luyana. a round hut.
njimbela, n. beginning of the fiood: Ku fulaha mwa njimbela, to paddle over
the tlooued plain.
njimbo, n. habit, manner; style.
njimi (li-) n. Luyana, cultivator, tiller, farmer.
njimikati (li-) n. Luyana. a woman who cultivates much.
njimo (li-) n. agriculture, cultiva-tion, husbandry: Mwa Bulozi hakuna njimo
hande, Western Prov-ince is not the best place for agri-culture .
Njimwana~ n. November. (see: kweli).
-njinela (njinezi) v.t. Eng. to work as an engineer: Batu ba njinela sipolo
sa njanji, those people are con-structing a new railway line.
njinga (li-) n. bicycle. syn. kanamu-tendele, mbasikolo.
njingatanyi (bo-) n. Luyana. so-and-so, somebody, a certain person. syn.
mukete, ngete.
njinji (li-) n. kind of large fish.
njinjoa (li-) n. Luyana. cemetery, graveyard. syn. mayumbelo.
njinjo2 (li-) n. Luyana. small bell.
njoko. (li-) n. monkey.
-njokota (njokotile) v.i. to be boiling (speaking of small fish in a pot).
der. sinjokotela. cf. -bila. caus. -njo-kotisa (njokotisize) to boil.
njolo (li-) n. honey-bird (Black -Th-roated Honey Guide); fig. guide.
njolomba (bo-) n. cheat, deceitful person. cf. mupumi -
njoma (njomile) v.t. to peck. rel. -njomela (njomezi) to peck some- where: Mu
bone kuhu yeo i ta ni njo-mela mbututu, watch that hen, it might peck my
baby caus. -njomisa (njomisize) to carelessly to allow a fowl to peck
food. freq. -njomaka (njomakile) to go on pecking.
-njomba (njombile) v.i. to become stuck (ox wagon, car, etc.); to run off the
rails. f’g. to be hindered in one's work. rel. -njombela (njom-bezi) to
become stuck somewhere. caus. -njombisa (njombisize) to cause to ~: Ni
njombisizwe ki mu-shabati, I got stuck because of the deep sand. rel. -
njomba-njomba (njomba-njombile) to become stuck every now and then: Motaya
ka i njomba-njombafela, se i supezi; my car keeps stopping all the time
because it is getting old.
njombi (II-) n. tuft of hair on the fo-rehead. syn. sisumpila.
njombolo (li-) n. crow-bar.
-njombwaela (njombwaezi) v.i. to walk on stilts. der. manjombwseli.
njomot (li-) n. any hollowing hatchet with long handle.
njomo,2 n. good luck in hunting: Kacenu ki njomo, ni itopezi kulu, I am in
luck today because I picked up a tortoise.
-njomona (njomozi) v.t. as -njoma.
njonga, n. beer, alcohol, any intoxi-cating drink. syn. bucwala, maipu.
-njongaela (njongaezi) v.i. to walk (speaking of a tall person). rel. -
njongaelela (njongaelezi) to walk somewhere (used of a tall person when
being jeered at).
njongonjongo, n. apex, top, summit. -njonjaula (njonjauzi) v.i. to type
slowly. rel. -njonjaulela (njonjau lezl) to ~ for someone! Munna a ku yo
ni njonjaulela ka–olo ka ka ka, kwa of si ya hao, friend, please type this
short letter for me in your
OmCe.
-njonjola (njonjoz~) v.i. to explain in great detail. caus. -njonjolisa
(njon-jolilsize) to elicit long explanations.
njonjolo, n. Luyana. barge.
-njonjomona1 (njonjomozi) v.t. to start hollowing out a wooden vessel, a
canoe, etc., rel. -njonjo-monela (njonjomonezi) to for some-one. caus. -
njonjomonisa (njonjomo-nisize) to help to ~. int. -njonjomo-nelela
(njonjomonelezl) to ~ com-pletely .
-njonjomona2 (njonjomozi) v.i. as -njonjola.
njopu, n. Luyana. a damp, dewy place: Mu no fulisezanga likomu kwa njopu,
keep taking the cattle tc a dewy place for grazing.
-njotomana (njotomani) v.i. to sit.
-njotomisa (njotomisize) v.t. to beat a drum.
njuelelo or njuwelelo (li-) n. fishing-basket. syn. sishuelo.
njuluti, n. discrimination. syn, ketululo.
njumbe (li-) n. piece of cloth joining the two ends of an Silozi kilt. syn.
mu–ato.
njungo (li-) n. very small calabash containing 'lucky' medicine.
njungula (li-) n. very large pot or ca-labash.
-njungula (njunjuzi) v.i. to wriggle, to writhe: Ni tabile tapi, na i utwaya
njunjula kwa muwayo: l have speared a fish for I feel it wrig-gling.
-njunjumeka (njunjumekile) v.t. to spear (a fish) ref. -injunjumeka (in-
junjumekile) to hurt oneself with a fishing spear: Ki kale ni injunju-meka
muwayo kwa lihutu, l have just hurt my foot with a fishing spear.
njwee! Inter;. experessing the idea of complete recovery: Ni ta mu alafa mane
a folelele njwee! l shall nurse him until he has completely recovered .
nka!1 inter;. (1) to express a sudden fall: Na mu wisa na mu li nkafafasi! I
knocked him down! cf. Iukutu. (2) to express that something is tied up
tightly: Mu tame hahulu mu tEise nka! tie it up very tightly!
-nka2 (nkile) v.i. to be smelling; ku nka hande, to have a pleasant smell: ku
nka hamunati, to have a pleasant taste, ku nka maswe, to stink. der.
munko~ syn. -nunka. rel. -nkela (nkezi) to please or displease someone by
one's smell: Libi lani li lu nkela maswe, that rotten fish over there
stinks in our nostrils. caus.
-nkisa (nkisize) to cause to scent or to stink.
nkala (li-) n. crab, crawfish, crayf-ish.
nkalakata (li-) n. any large full grown creature. spec. exp. namani tuna a
nkalakata ya munna; ya kwena; ya ndombe, etc., a very big man, crocodile,
barble fish, etc. cf. nkuzi.
nkalankala (II- or ma-) n. tortoise shell containing medicines be-lieved to
harm people (witchcraft).
nkambe (li-) n. Eng. camp. Boma.
nkau (li-) n. medicine taken to pro-tect oneself against any kind of harm
(witchcraft). syn. tatu.
nkola (bo-) n. troublesome person, nasty person. (from -kola).
nkomwana (ma-) n. young calf al-ready weaned.
nkukwe (li-) n. cooked mealie meal prepared the previous day.
nkunankuna (bo-) n. child whose upper teeth appear first (such a child would
be put to death in the past).
nkungulu (li-) n. Iarge bull elephant.
nkuwa, n. defamation, calumny, slander.
nkuzi (li-) n. a very large stout man. syn. singungwe, cf. nkalakata.
nkwana (II-) n. water pot (eathen-ware) fig. great beer drinker, a person
reeking of beer.
nkwaya, n. (1) libeny, peace, free-dom: ku ca nkwaya, to live in peace (2)
pleasure one feels when riding an ox.
nkwika (bo-) n. dirty, careless person.
nkwilimba (li-) n. domestic pigeon. fig. weak, feeble person.
nkwinini (li-) n. Eng. quinine.
noha (li-) n. snake (gen. name); in-testinal tape worm. fig. cruel, hard-
hearted, ruthless, pitiless person .
nohonoho n. fatty and tasty relish (meat, fish, etc.,)
noi (li-) n. a person who tends to defecate near villages.
noka (li-) n. hip.
-nokela (nokezi) v.t. to instil: Ba ni nokezÀ mulyani mwa meto, they in-
stilled medicine into my eyes; (by ext: to pour a liquid into a bottle, a
calabash, etc.,) cf. -sela. rel. -noke-lela (nokelezi) to do a favour for
someone by instilling medicine into another person's eyes; to pour a
liquid into a bottle for someone ref. -inokela (inokezi) to instil
medicine into one's own eyes.
nokushimba (bo-) n. Luyana. manner of sending a written mes-sage from one
village to another (this used to be done without reward as a state duty).
nolobaki (li-) n. waist coat
-nolofala (nolofalile) v.i. to become easy; to ripen, to become soft rel. -
nolofalela (nolofalezl) fig. to become open-hearted, merciful towards
someone. caus. -nolofaza (nolofalize) to make easy, to soothe, fig. to
coax, to soften rel. -nolofaleza (nobfalelize) to soothe, to coax on
someone's behalf. int. -nolofaleleza (nolofalelize) to make completely
easy, to soothe com-pletely ref. a) -inolofaza (inolofa-lize) to soothe
oneself b) inolofa-leza (inolofalelize) to make things easy for oneself.
nomai (bo-) n. uniucky, unfortunate person. syn. nalimai.
nombolo (li-) n. Eng. (from number ) brand, seal, trade mark, number fig.
mark of baptism.
-nona (nonile) v.t. to collect fish from bow-nets. der. munoni, sino-nelo.
syn. -okola. fig. to be a hanger-on, to live as a parasite. rel. -nonela
(nonezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -nonisa (nonisize) to help to collect
 fish from bow-nets. int. -no-nelela (nonelezi) to lift up all the bow-
nets. freq. -nonanga to fre-quently collect fish from bow-nets: Ku maswe
ku nonanga makuko a ba ba–wi, it is a bad habit to take fish from other
people's bow-nets. ref. -inonela (inonezi) to collect for oneself the fish
trapped in bow-nets.
nonga, adv. straight, vertically: Ku yema nonga, to stand up straight like
soldiers on parade. syn. zanana.
-nonga2 (nongile) v.i. to be very thin (through illness, starvation of
misery) cf. -ota, caus. -nongisa i (nongisize) to cause someone thin-ness.
-nonga3 (nongile) v.t. to aim at, to take aim at der. munongi.
nongel (li-) n. main root of a tree, tap root
nonge2 (li-) n. dissatisfaction, dis-contentment, resentment.
nongolo (li-) n. Open-Bill stork idiom. exp. ku ipuza wa nongolo mwa libala,
to be in difficulty not knowing what to do
-nonguluka (nongulukile) v.i. as -nonga.
-nonomoka (nonomokile) v.i. to grow up (child), to become adult
-nonoya (nonoyile) v.t. to pick up everything: Lisholi li nonoile tumbo-nyi
to tu ne tu sEyezi mwa simu ya ka, a thief has picked up all the maize
left in my field after the harvest-fig. to reveal everything, leaving
nothing in the dark. rel. -nonoyela (nonoyezi) to pick up for some-one; to
relate in detail to someone.
-nontomana (nontomani or nontoma-nine) v.i. to sit by oneself doing nothing:
Wena u nontomanifela ha u beleki, ki–i? why are you sitting down doing
nothing?
-nopa (nopile) v.t. to pick up; to find something previously lost. der.
munopi, bunopi. fig. to give an as-sistance to an unfortunate person or to
someone who has lost his way. rel. -nopela (nopezi) to pick up for
someone; to find something previously lost by another person. caus. -
nopisa (nopisize) to help to tuuza~:NÀ tokwile ya ka yo nÀ nopÀsa twa ka,
l need somebody to help me harvest my millet. int. -nopelela (nopelezi) to
live by always taking food from others: Mutu yo u pila lico za ku
nopelela, ha na lico hande this person is living on food given by others
and has none of his own (living from hand to mouth) int. -nopelelela
(nopelelezi) to pick up everything (in harvesting) freq, -nopanga to be
inclined to pick up things. red, -nopa-nopa (nopa-nopile) to pick up
things hurriedly. ref. -inopela (inopezi or itopela (ito-pezi) to pick up
things for oneself.
nosi, adj. alone: Ni li nosi, I alone; ba ziba taba yeo ba li nosi, they are
the only ones who know of this matter.
noshiko (bo-) n. Iucky person: fig. exp. noshiko ndu ya butwa, a happy and
prosperous house
nosiku (bo-) n. Luyana. person born during the night. syn. namasiku,
mukosiku.
-notaa (notile) v.i. to be amuent.
-nota2 (notile) v.t. to take a pinch of snuff. der. munoto. rel. -notela
(notezi) to pick up a pinch of snuff for someone. caus. -notisa (noti-
size) to give a pinch of snuff. rec. -notisana (notisani or notisanile) to
exchange a pinch of snuff. ref. -inotisa (inotisize) as rec. sp. exp. ku
sa notÀsana;) to be on bad terms
notanga (bo-) n. Luyana. starter, be-ginner; founder of a family, of a
dynasty, etc. (from -tanga)
-notela (notezi) v.t. Sotho. to lock. der. sinotolo. fig. to hold some-one's
head in an arm-lock, to th-rottle. rel. -notelela (notelezi) to lock a
door for someone; to lock a person in, or out: U mu notelele fande, lock
him out. caus. -notelisa (notelisize) to help to lock. int.-notelelela
(notelelezi) to lock up all the doors. inv. -notolola (notolozi) to
unlock.
noti (tu-) n. stick used to kill fish when taking them out of a net one by
one.
Notila (bo-) n. one of the royal barges.
notisi (li-) n. Eng. notice: kufa mutu notisi, to give notice to someone, to
warn someone
notol (li-) n. iron insert of an anvil. syn. nyundo.
noto2 (li-) n. Eng. musical note.
noto3 Qi-) n. Eng. nought, arithmeuc. symbol (o), Zero, cipher.
notoko (li-) n. place covered with cattle dung.
notumbala (bo-) n. kind of bird (in the past, it was believed to be sacred
and to cause the death of anyone who killed it).
nsi (li-) n. eyebrow.
nsu, adj. black. the feminine form 'swana' is used when speaking of {emale
cattle and also of women. (this word 'swana' is the only femi-nine colour-
adjective used to refer to women): Mubala o muswana kwa basali ki ona o
munde kakuli ha u sa-belelwi ki ku supala kapili; as far as women are
concerned, a dark black skin is preferable to a lighter one for it is a
guarantee against looking old too soon.
-nsufala (nsufezi or nsufalile) v.i. Sotho. to grow dark: Ku se ku nsu-fezi
cwale, it is already dark. syn. -fifala. fig. to be sad, sorrowful: Pilu
ya ka i unsufezi kacenu, my heart is sorrowful today. rel. -nsufalela
(nsufalezi) to be sad for a certain reason.
-nsufaza (nsufalize) v.t. Sotho, to darken, to spot: Mwanana yo u nsu-falize
hahulu liapalo za ka, this child has badly stained my clothes.
nswe (li-) n. sweet sorghum.
ntafuno, n. mastication. fig. greedi-ness (from -tafuna).
ntambo (li-) n. strap, thong; rope.
ntimbwe (bo-) n. a person with an ugly face. idiom. exp. Ya ka saba li-lungwe
ki ntimbwe, it is the person with an ugly face who fears dawn.
ntinyanazebe, n. (anat.) vital spot at the side of the head situated behind
the ear lobe.
-ntinyuna (ntinyusi) v.t. to choke, to throttle, to strangle. syn. -kama.
nto (li-) n. thing, object. syn. sika,
silo.
ntozi (li-) n. very large earthen pot (made in the past by Nyengo people)
cf. ntuluma.
ntuluma (li-) n. very large earthen pot. syn. tuluma. cf. ntozi.
nubu (li-) n. tribute, present offered to a king or a very important person.
(from -tubula2).
-nuha (nuhile) v.i. to guess, to con-jecture. der. munuhi, bunuhi. rel. -
nuhelela (nuhelezi) to suspect: Ku maswe ku nuhelela mutu ka taba ya
bubulai, it is bad to suspect some-one in a case of murder. caus. -nuhisa
(nuhisize) to cause to con-jecture: Se si ku nuhisize kuli u zibe kuli
komu ya hao i kwanu, ki sika ma–i? what made you guess that your cow was
here?
nuka (li-) n. river.
nukana (li-) n. stream, small trib-utary of a river.
-nukula (nukuzi) v.t. to unsaddle, to unhorse; v.i. to walk crookedly (as one
handicapped by venereal disease).
numbu (li-) n. calf of the leg.
numbuti (li-) n. kind of poisonous snake.
numwa (bo-) n. a brave, courageous man.
numwana (li-) n. messenger, mes-sage-bearer sent by a Kuta. cf. mu-lumiwa.
(from -tuma).
-nuna (nunile) v.i. to become fat corpulent. der. mununo, sinuniso caus. -
nunisa (nunisize) (1) to fatten; to add some oil or fat to relish. (2) to
manure, to fertilize ref. -inunela (inunezi) to become corpulent by
 special care of one-self: Yi luna lu mu boni, u inunezi handende, we saw
him too, he looks very well.
nunda (li-) n. inability to lift up the head, due to malformation, acci-dent
or old age.
nundalile (bo-) n. Luyana. someone coming from far away; foreigner. syn.
muzwahule, mulicaba, nyam-bangeti.
nundatului (bt} or li-) n. Luyana. dung-beetle
-nuneka (nunekile) v.t. to praise, to exalt. syn. -hmba, -bubeka. cf. -
babaza. ref. -inuneka (inunekile) to admire or praise oneself. der. bui-
nuneko.
nunga1 (nungile) v.t. to tie, to bind fig. exp. ku nunga mutu taba, to accuse
someone falsely. der. Ii-nungo. rel. -nungela (nungezi) fig. to wrong by
accusing falsely Ki kale ba ni nungela mwana ka litaba, now, here they are
‹ccusing my child falsely caus. -nungisa (nungi-size) to helpt to tie.
int. -nungele-lela (nungelelezi) to tie many things together very fig. to
bind someone with many false accusations. rec. -nungana (nungani) to make
a mess of a rope, a string, etc.: Mihala i nungani maswe bakenisa likomu,
ku tata ku i nungutula haisi ku ipuma fela: the cattle have made a mess of
the ropes, which are difficult to untangle, so let us cut them. inv. -
nungutula (nungutuzi) to untie.
-nunga2 (nungile) v.i. to be related to: Luna a lu sika nunga kwa mukowc wa
bona, we are not of the same clan.
-nungahanya (nungahanyize) v.t. to sew together two pieces of cloth. rel. -
nungahanyeza (nungahanye-lize) to - for someone. ref. -inung-ahanyeza
(inungahanyelize) to sew for oneself using different pieces of material.
-nungeka (nungekile) v.t. to burn, to set ablaze, to fire syn. -tumbeka. rel.
-nungekela (nungekezi) to set ablaze someone's property: Mwa bona kikale
ba mu nungekela ndu ya hae! look, they are now burning down his house!
caus. -nungekisa (nungekisize) to cause a fire; to help to burn: Se si ku
nungekisize mulilo o. ki sika ma–i? what on earth made you start this
fire: Amu to ni nungekisa kwa masita a ka, pula i tuha i nela; come and
help me burn the wood heaps in my garden, for it is going to rain ref. -
inungekela (inungekezi) to burn something by oneself.
nungu (li-) n. guide, leader syn. ndambo, mutwaleti.
-nungula (nunguzi) v.i. to give up ex-tremely reluctantly: Musali ha sa
nunguzi bupilo bwa hae ku munna ku tata ku mu omeka; when a wife is
determined to divorce her hus-band, it is very difficult to dissuade her
from doing so.
-nunguluka (nungulukile) v.i. to become stale (food).
-nunka (nunkile) v.i. to be smelling. der. mununko, syn. -nka. rel. -nun-kela
(nunkezi) to please or dis-please someone by one's smell. fig. exp.
Musaliyani sa ni nunkezi, mane ha ni sa lata ni ku mu bonanga; that
woman's bad character really of-fended me, and I cannot even bear to look
at her caus. -nunkisa (nun-kisize) to cause to scent or to stink fig. to
give a small share of any kind of food red. -nunka-nun-kisa (nunka-
nunkisize) fig. to share parsimoniously food with others: Ha ba sika bafa
hande lico, ba ba nunka-nunkisize fela kwa milomo; they did not feed them
properly, but just gave them a bit of food. ref. inunkela (inunkezi) fig.
exp. Ki mwa ka inunkela hape ni sa mufi se-si–wi, bake–isa mukuywe wa hae;
l shall never give him food again as long as he lives, because of his in-
gratitude.
-nwal (nwile) v.t. to drink; to ab-sorb: Mubu ki kale u nwa mezi, the soil
has aiready absorbed the water has already absorbed the water. der. munwi,
bunwi, sino, SiRWiso. fig. exp: Hani lati kuli ba ba–wi ba ni nwe mooko ba
sa lati ku sebeza; I do not like people who do not like work to live at my
expense, rel.-nwela (nwezi) to drink in or from: ku nwela mwa komoki, to
drink from a cup; to take for oneself what belongs to others: U ni nwezi
 mabisi a ka, ha ne ni li siyo, he drank my milk while I was absent. caus.
-nwisa (nwisize) to give a drink to, to help to drink: ku nwisa mukuli, to
help a sick person to drink; rel. -nwiseza (nwiselize) to temper (steel),
to water (plants). int. -nwelela (nwelezi) to drink all. spec. exp. ku
nwelela cimo mezi, to drink much water before starting a journey. stat. -
nweha (nwehile) to be nice to drink. ref. -inwisa (inwi-size) to drink
without the help of someone (sick person).
-nwa2 (nwile) v.i. to be beaten, to get into the goal (ball) caus. -nwisa
(nwisize) to score (football); to win a game: Ba lu mwisize, ne lu sina
balahi hande; they won because we did not have good players
-nwela (nwesi or nwelile) v.i. to dive, to plunge, to disappear under water.
rel. -nweiela (nwelezi) to look for something under the water. caus. -
nwelisa (nwelisize) to dip in water, to immerse.
nwela or nwela (li-) n. serval cat.
-nwena (nwenile) v.i. to starve. syn. -lapa. caus. -nwenisa (nwenisize) to
cause starvation.
-nwisa (nwisize) v.t. to win to score (football, basketball, cricket. etc.).
nya, adv. no, syn. awa, batili.
-nyaa (nyaile) v.t. to pour a little water on bran in order to make stamping
easier; to pour some water on flour when making bread. cf. -nyanyeza.2
rel. -nyaela (nyaezi) to ~ for someone.
-nyabeka (nyabekile) v.t. to leave things carelessly syn. -yabeka.
nyabikola (bo-) n. Mbunda. beloved senior wife
-nyafwita (nyafwitile) v.i. (1) to be full of maggots. (2) to stir (like fish
in very shallow water) (3) to go to and fro (people, cattle in great num
bers)
-nyaka (nyakile) v.t. to look at at-tentively, to gaze, to examine. syn. -
tatuba. rel. -nyakela (nyakezi) to examine for someone. caus. -nya-kisa
(nyakisize) to cause to stare at. int. -nyakelela (nyakelezi) to examine
very attentively. ref. -inyaka (inyakile) to admire one-self. der.
buinyako.
-nyakalala (nyakalalile or nyaka-lezi) v.i. to be very glad, happy, joyful.
der. nyakalalo, munyaka, si-nyakanyaka. syn. -taba,-wabelwa. rel. -
nyakalalela (nyakalalezi) to be very happy about someone or something: Ba
nyakalalezi mwana habo bona, they enjoyed very much the visit of their
relative
nyakalalo (li-) n. joy, gladness, joy-fulness, happiness. (from: -nyaka-lala,
cf. tabo.
nyakayoya (bo-) n. Luvale. vaulter
-nyakula (nyakuzi) v.i. to try to untie itself by kicking (as a cow tied up
by the legs) fig. to kick against the husband's authority (a woman wanting
divorce). caus. -nyakulisa (nyakulisize) to cause a cow to untie itself.
freq. -nyakaub (nyakauXi) to kick about frenziedly.
-nyala (nyezi) v.t. to marry (man; pass. -nyalwa, to get married (woman).
der. munyali, munyaliwa, linyalo, sinyaliso. rel. -nyalela (nya-lezi) to
marry somebody's daugh- ter or sister; to marry into a parti-cular family:
Ku tata ku nyalela ba-fuzana, it is very hard to marry into a very poor
family. caus. -nya-lisa (nyalisize) to give in marriage; to help someone
find a wife stat. -nyaleha (nyalehile) to enjoy a suc-cessful marriage
(woman): Mwana ka u nyalehile hande. my daughter is happily married. rec.
-nyalana (nyalani or nyalanile) to get mar-ried (speaking of both man and
woman): Ba nyalani kale bani, people have been married for a long time.
red. -nyala-nyala (nyala-nyezi) to marry frequently ref. -inyalela
(inyalezi) to marry accord-ing to one's own will: U. inyalezimu-sali wa
sipulumuki, mi ha ba utwani; he married a flighty wife and they do not
live peaceably.
-nyaluha (nyaluhile) v.i. Sotho. to stand up quickly, to sum up der. manyalu,
syn. -nanuha, -yema.
nyamaluyoyo, n. Luyana. food which someone stole and which might cause him
troubie: Kacenu lu icezi nyamaluyoyo; today we ate some food which we had
no right to take, so we can expect trouble
-nyamatala (nyamatalile) v.t. to touch, to seize, to catch, to grasp, to
hold, to grip: Hakuna ya kona ku mu nyamatala yani, u tata hahulu, nobody
dare catch that man, be-cause he resists very strongly. syn. -swala, -
yoyomana.
nyambaeti (bo-) n. Luyana. person without fixed residence, nomad; vagabond.
(from -yambaela) syn. muyambaeli.
nyambangeti (bo-) n. Luyana. person coming from far away, foreigner. syn.
nundalile, muzwa-hule, mulicaba.
Nyambe, n. Luyana. God, Divinity syn. Mulimu.
nyambwanaleka, (noun taken ad-verbially) in disorder, carelessly: U sEile
libyana za hae nyambwanaleka. he left his belongings in disorder; U sŸle
bana ba hae nyambwanaleka, he left his children without any means for
living.
nyame-nyame! interj. said of a thing disappearing suddenly: Lika za ka li ile
nyame-nyatte! my things di-sappeared suddenly.
-nyamunya (nyamunyize) v.i. to creep.
-nyana (nyanine) v.i. to fade, to~ wither, to wilt (flowers); to lan-guish;
to be rickety (a child).
nyana,2 n. beginning of pregnancy. syn. nyenganyenga.
-nyanda (nyandile) v.i. to suffer, to be in difficulty, to be miserable. der.
munyandi, manyando, likando, nyandiso. syn. -shupeka, -sheta. rel. -
nyandela (nyandezi) to suffer for a reason: Ku nyandela musebezi o sina.
mali, to suffer, working for low wages. fig. to long for, to crave for: Ni
nyandezi kuli ni mu bone. kono ni palezwi ku mu Arnar - , I was long-ing
to see him, but I could not find him. caus. -nyandisa (nyandisize) to
torment, to oppress, to ill-treat, to persecute. int. -nyandelela (nyande-
lelezi) to be in great difficulty: Mu-botana u pila ku nyandelela ka za ku
ca kamita, a poor person is always meeting hardships living at subsis-
tence level. rec. -nyandisana (nyan-disani) to torment each other. rec. -
inyandisa (inyandisize) to worry oneself, to torment oneself.
nyandiso (li-) n. ill-treatment, op-pression, persecution. (from -nyanda).
nyandi (bo-) n. a name applied to a deceased person, the late: Nyandi
Akakambama, the late Akakam-bama. syn. mutalahali, –ulukundi cf.
Imutakwandu.
-nyandima (nyandimile) v.i. to gleam, to shine (due to application of grease
etc.) Mwanana yo u itombwekile hahulu mafula. pata ya hae kEye nyandima;
this child used too much vaseline, his face is gleaming.
-nyanganya (nyanganyize) v.i. to be shaking, to be moving. caus. -nyanganyisa
(nyanganyisize) to shake, to move: Mu sike mwa nyanganyisa tafule. mu ka
bulaya ze fate–i, do not shake the table, or you will break the things on
it.
nyangela, n. crowd, multitude: Mu zibise nyangela kaufela ba kopanefa Kuta,
tell everybody to gather at the court; public, common: Ki mo i hupulela
nyangela. it is the opinion of the common man, it is public opinion.
-nyangumukelwa ( nyangumukezwi ) v.i. to feel comfortable (near the fire
after having been cold) cf. -fu-tumalelwa.
nyanisi (li-) n. Eng. onion.
-nyanyama (nyanyami or nyanya-mile) v.i. Mbunda. to be clever; to make prompt
decisions.
-nyanyeka (nyanyekile) v.i. to walk noiselessly (in order to be unob-served).
-nyanyeza1 (nyanyelize) v.t. to spur on, to urge forward (when riding an
animal).
nyanyeza2 (nyanyelize) v.t. to sprin-kle water, to moisten, to wet cf. -nyaa.
-nyanyiliketa (nyanylliketite) v.t. to try hard, to convince someone, to try
again and again, to continue to any course. cf. -kaliketa.
-nyanyuka (nyanyukile) v.i. to walk tiptoe, to tread lightly, to avoid
burning sand, prickles, etc., der. Ii-nyanyu, tunyanyu. fig. to
shun danger, to beware of a dangerous thing caus. -nyanyukisa(nyanyuki-
size) to cause to ~. fig. to warn, to inform of a danger. freq. -nya-
nysuka (nyanyaukile) or-nyanyoka (nyanyokile) to walk as on burning
ground.
-nyapa1 (nyspile) v.t. to pinch, to nip. syn. -–apa. rel. -nyspela (nya-pezi)
to pinch on someone's behalf. caus. -nyspisa (nyspisize) to cause someone
to be pinched. rec. -nyspana (nyapani) to pinch each other freq. a)-
nyspanga to have the habit of pinching; b) -inyspaka (inyspakile) to nip
again and again. ref. -inyspaka (inyspakile) to pinch each other
frequently.
-nyapa2 (nyspile) v.i. to feel pain in the stomach or bowels. syn. -–apa. c
us. -nyapisa (nyapisize) to cause a twisting action of bowels or sto-mach
making someone feel pain.
-nyapa3 (nyspile) v.i. to go on foot: Na tile a nze a nyapa ka mahutu, he
came on foot caus. -nyspisa (nya-pisize) to cause to ~: Se si mu nya-
pisize ka mahutu ki ku siwa ki mota bake–isa bucakolwa, he had to vaik as
he was left by the bus because of his drunkenness. ref. -inyspisa
(inyspisize) to cause oneself to go on foot.
Nyata, n. jupiter (planet)
-nyatela (nyatezi) v.t. to give finger-prints. fig. to perform a civil mar-
riage. der. munyatelisi, syn. -cata. caus. -nyatelisa (nyatelisize) to
finger-print. ref. -inyatelisa (inyate-lisize) to give one's finger prints
without the help of anyone
-nyateta (nyatetite) v.t. to call someone's attention or to warn him of
danger (by touching him with a finger or by winking) rec. -nyatetana
(nyatetani) to wink at each other. ref. -inyateta (Inyate- tile) as rec.
-nyauba (nyaubile) v.t. to show off in order to attract attention. der.
nalinyawe, linyawe. syn. -keuba. rel. -nyaubela (nysubezi) to show off in
order to attract someone's atten-tion: Na ni kaizel'a hao u sike wa ni
nyaubela cwalo, I am y—ur brother so do not bother to show off like this.
caus. -nyaubisa (nysubisize) to make a show (mostly of one's clothes).
rec. -nysubelana (nyaube-lani) to show off reciprocally in order to
attract each other's atten-tion
nyaulu (li-) n. habit of changing one's thoughts or manners (from -yauluka)
fickleness.
-nyaza (nyazize) v.t. to blame, to disapprove, to criticise. der. mu-nyazi,
nyazo, buinyazo. rel. -nya-zeza (nyazelize) to blame someone about
something: Ki kokunde ku nyazeza mutu ka sa si fosize, it is good to
reprimand someone for his mistakes caus. a) -nyazisa (nya-zisize) to cause
a person to be blamed; b)-nyaziseza (nyaziselize) to despise, to belittle
stat. -nyazeha (nyazehile) to be reprehensible int. etat.
-nyazahala (nyazahalile) to be bla-meful. rec. -nyazana (nyazani or
nyazanile) to blame each other. freq. -nyazanga to be inclined to
reprimand: A ki hande ku no nya-zanga mutufa linto za linolwanifela, it is
not good to reprimand some-one all the time for trifling mat-ters. ref. -
inyaza (inyazize) to repent, to apologize; Ni inyazize ku yena, kono u sa
ni zuma maswe, al-though I apologized he is still cas-tigating me fig. to
feel unwell: Bo me ba inyaza kacenu, my mother is sick today
nyazi (li-) n. concubine, paramour (man or woman) cf. mulikani.
nyazo (li-) n. blame, disapproba-tion, reprehension (from -nyaza).
-nyefa (nyefile) v.i. to be discour-aged, disheartened, depressed to be
disappointed caus. -nyefisa (nyefisize) to discourage, to dis-hearten, to
depress.
-nyefula (nyefuzi) v.t. to blaspheme; to be abusive, to- revile, to speak
badly of; to swear (at). der. munye-hli, bunyefuli, myefulo. syn. -nenauna
or nenona. rel. -nyefulela, -(nyefulezi) to ~ for some reason. caus. -
nyefulisa (nyefulisize) to cause to ~. rec. -nyefuhna (nyefu-lani or
nyefulanile) to ~ each other. freq. -nyefulanga to be in-clined to ~ ref.
a) -inyefula (inye-fuzi) as rec. freq. b) -inyefaula (inyefauzi) to ~ each
other con-stantly; c)-inyefulisa (inyefulisize) to give people cause to
revile onself: Ki wenaya inyefulisa batu ka ku tokwa likute, you are
asking for insults because of your lack of po-liteness.
nyefulo (li-) n. insult, blasphemy, abuse of language (from -nyefula).
-nyeka (nyekile) v.i. to fluctuate; to move forwards and backwards when
paddling (like canoes in rapids) der. manyekanga. freq. -nyekaela
(nyekaezi) to be very agi-tated (water)
-nyela (nyelile) v.i. to relieve one-self, to defecate.
nyeliso (li-) n. Sotho. contempt, sneer.
-nyema (nyemile) v.i. to be sulky, to be vexed, to keep rancour der. bu-
nyemi, cf. -twima. rel. -nyemela (nyemezi) to ~ against caus. -nye-misa
(nyemisize) to vex someone, making him angry int. -nyemelela (nyemelezi)
to be extremely vexed. rec. -nyemelana (nyemelani) to be bitter against
each other. red. -nyema-nyema (nyema-nyemile) to be easily sulky: Ku tata
ku pita ni batu ba ba nyema-nyemafela, it is hard to live with people who
are always sulky ref a) -inyemela (inyemezi) to cross with each other; b)
-inyemisa (inyemisize) to show one's dissatisfaction by being sulky: U.
sike wa inyemisanga ha u bona baenyi, do not sulk whenever you see
visitors
nyemboka, n. fly-switch cf. muhata.
-nyembula (nyembuzi) v.t. to offer repeated gifts to people accompa-nying a
bride to her husband's home. der. munyembu, caus. -nyem-bulisa
(nyembulisize) to enable someone to ~: Ha ni na mali a ku nyembulisa,
haisi a malobolofela, l have no money to distribute on the way, I have
only the money for the dowry.
nyembuluko, n. habit of changing one's manners or thoughts. (from -
yembuluka).
-nyembunya (nyembuyize) v.i. to have propensity to vomit. caus. -nyembunyisa
(nyembunyisize) to provoke feeling to vomit: Ni cile tapi ye sika buzwa,
mi ya ni nyembu-nyisa; I ate insufficiently cooked fish, and I feel as
though I am going to be sick. ref. -inyembunyisa (inyembunyisize) to
pretend to feel like wanting to vomit: MusalE yo u inyembunyisafela ha
sika yema mwa hae; this woman is just pretending to want to vomit, she is
not preg-nant
-nyendaela (nyendaezi) v.i. to swing; to sway to and fro under the influ-ence
of alcohol, to feel dizzy, giddy, to have vertigo, to have a swimming in
the head. cf. -zingu-luka. der. manyendaela, caus. -nyendaelisa
(nyendaelisize) to cause to ~
-nyendauka or -nyendoka (nyendau- kile or nyendokile) as -nyendaela.
nyenganyenga, n. beginning of preg-nancy. syn. nyana.
-nyengela (nyengezi) v.t. to commit adultery: to fornicate. cf. -soma.
nyengo (li-) n. kind of very poison-ous snake. (mamba family).
-nyenuka (nyenukile) v.i. to be kept waiting a very long time. cf. -liyeha.
caus. -nyenukisa (nyenuki-size) to keep waiting: Aa ilo ni ye-nukisa fela
kwa sipatela, mi ha ba sika ni fa mulyani; they kept me waiting a very
long time at the dis-pensary and they did not give me any medicine. ref. -
inyenukisa (inyenukisize) to wait. to delay oneself: Mu sike mwa
 inyenakisa mwa lizazi. mu ta kula; do not wait in the sun or you will be
sick.
-nyenya (nyenyize) v.t. to despise, to condemn, to look down on: to feel
repugnance, aversion. syn. -kenda. rel. -nyenyela (nyenyezi) to despise on
account of: Ni mu nyenyezi mikwa ya hae bumaswe; I feel an aversion for
him because of bad behaviour caus. -nyenyisa (nyenyi-size) to be
loathsome, to be despi-cable: to disgust. rec. -nyenyana (nyenyani) to
despise each other, to feel mutual antipathy. freq. -nyenyanga to be
inclined to dis-dain. ref. -inyenya (nyenyize) to despise oneself.
nyewanyewa (li-) n. agitation due to the expectation of an important visitor
agitation due to a disaster. cf. Iiuluta.
-nyikwa (nyikilwe) v.t. to disgust: Nama i se i ni nyikwa kwa pilu cwale,
meat is beginning to be ab-horrent to me now: Ni se ni nyi-kilwe ki bupilo
bwa lifasi! I am fed up with living in this world! rec. -nyikwana
(nyikwani or nyikwanile) to experience mutual disgust: Batu ha ba nyikwani
mwa ndu ya bona, ha ba pilisani hande, musali sa bata tu-kuluho; when
people experience tual antipathy in their home, they do not take proper
care of each other and the wife is soon looking for divorce.
-nyikula (nyikuzi) v.t. to hit with the fist or elbows. (see -nyikula2)
nyingatanyi, n. so-and-so. such-and-such, a thing (particular person or thing
not needing to be specified): Ha ni bulela kuli nyinga-tanyi ki kuli ni
timelezwi libizo la hae, when I say so-and-so, it is be-cause I forgot his
name
nyinyani, adj. (1) small, little, short, tiny: of small importance: Ki taba
yenyinyanifela, it is just a trifling matter; (2) few: Batu ki ba banyi-
nyani ha ba na ku kona musebezi people are two few to do the work -nysisa
(nyisize) v.t. to beat in a fight to knock down an opponent syn. -simeha.
rel. -nyiseza (nyise-lize) to beat somebody on some-one's behalf. caus. -
nyisisa (nyisi-size) to cause, to help to beat. rec. -nyisana (nyisani or
nyisanile) to severely beat each other. ref. a)-inyisa (inyisize) as rec.
b) -inyisisa (inyisisize) to act in a way which calls for a thrashing,
(child).
nyo (li-) n. vulva. anat syn. Iitoci.
nyoko (li-) n. bile, gall.
-nyokola (nyokozi) v.t. to strangle, to choke, to throttle. syn. -kama fig.
exp: Tala kacenu i ni yokozi maswe, the hunger nearly killed me today
-nyolwa (nyolilwe or nyozwi) v.i. to be thirsty. der. Iinyolwa. rel. -nyo-
lelwa (nyolezwi) to long for, to desire ardently, to hanker after.
-nyomaeta (nyomaetile or nyomate-tite) v.t. to follow persistently. der.
munyomaeti. caus. -nyomaetisa (nyomaetisize) to cause to follow someone
persistently.
-nyoma-nyoma (nyoma-nyomile) v.i. to walk about in search of some-thing der.
munyoma-nyomi. syn. -nyonya.
-nyomoka (nyomokile) v.i. to be showing (petticoat, etc.); hanging down on
one side (skirt, etc.)
-nyongamena (nyongamezi) v.i. see-inyongamena.
nyongaminwe, n. overwhelming. Ku ba mwa to be overwhelmed.
-nyonya (nyonyile or nyonyize) v.i. to walk about in search of some-thing.
syn. -nyoma-nyoma. der. mu-nyonyi. caus. -nyonyisa (nyonyisize) to cause
to wander about: Kuhu i nyonyisa twana twa yona mwa maca-cani, the hen is
scratching about in the bush with her chickens.
-nyonyongana (nyonyonganisa) v.i. to have the colics, stomachache. caus. -
nyonyonganisa (nyonyonga-nisa) to cause colics.
nyoo, n. madness, insanity.
-nyota (nyotile) v.i. to make a special click (no vocal sucking sound)
expressing disgust or dis-dain. rec. -nyotela (nyotezi) to maice that
click with a special in-tention: So no mu nyotela na ezi-ze–i? what did he
 do to make you click like that? caus. -nyetisa (nyo-tisize) to disgust.
freq. -nyotaka (nyotakile) to constantly make the click of disapproval.
-nyuka (nyukile) v.t. to rumple, to soften (a skin) der. munyuki. syn. -suha.
fig. to tame, to break in, to subdue, to master, (animal or man) rel. -
nyukela (nyukezi) to rumple for someone or to tame int. -nyukelela
(nyukelezi) to rumple to the finish; to tame thor-oughly. rec. -nykana
(nykani or nyukanile) fig. to subdue, to master each other. syn. -
tapsiana, -tambisana.
-nyukuka (nyukukile) v.i. to come out; to be pulled out, extracted, uprooted.
syn. -kumuha,-tukuka.
-nyukula (nyukazi) v.t. to pull out a thorn, a tooth; to root up (cassava,
etc. ) syn. -kumula. rel. -nyukulela (nyukulezi) to ~ for someone freq. -
nyukaula (nyukauzi) to ~ re-peatedly; Masholi ba nyukauzi mwanja wa ka,
thieves have up-rooted a lot of my cassava
nyundi (li-) n. kind of small rodent living near water.
nyundo (li-) n. iron insert of an Afri-can anvil. syn. noto1.
-nyunga (nyungile) v.t. to shake; ku nyunga toho. to shake one's head: ku
nyunga sEhwana, to shake a cala-bash, etc., freq. -nyungaka (nyung-akile)
to shake persistently. red. -nyunga-nyunga (nyunganyungile) to shake
repeatedly: Mu sike mwa nyunga-nyunga mukuli mu mu tuhele a pumule, do not
go on shaking the patient, leave him to rest.
-nyungana (nyungani or nyunganile) v.i. to be agitated (people): Sicaba sa
nyungana si itukiseza ndwa; the nation is stirred up for it is getting
prepared to face war. caus. -nyung-anisa (nyunganisize) fig. to frighten:
Tau ya nyunganisa batu ka ku to kena mwa mafulo a bona; the lion has
frightened the people by entering their camp.
nyungu (li-) n. Luyana. Iarge ear-then pot.
-nyungumuna (nyungumuzi) v.t. to shake rel. -nyungumunela (nyungu-munezi) to
~ for someone. caus. -nyungumunisa (nyungumunisize) to help to ~. ref. -
inyungumuna (inyungumuzi) to shake itself dry (a dog) to shake its mane (a
lion. etc.) syn. -ipukumuna, cf. -itutula.
-nyuntula (nyuntuzi) v.t. to nibble, to nibble at something, (meat,
fish, etc ) to pick at
-nyunyeka (nyunyekile) v.t. to set afire, to set ablaze. syn. -cisa, -tum-
beka. rel. -nyunyekela (nyunyekezi) (mutu, ndu) to set ablaze some-one's
house. caus. -nyunyekisa (nyunyekisize) to cause a fire, to cause a
conf’agration freq. -nyu-nyateka (nyunyatekile) to start fires in many
places at a time.
-nyunyeka2 (nyunyekile) v.t. to land a canoe smoothly.
nyunywani (li-) n. (generic name) blrd.
-nyunyumana (nyunyumani or nyu-nyumanile) v.i. (1) to stay a short time
somehwere (2) to sit sadly (on an occasion of mourning)- (3) to shelter
oneself after getting wet
nyuyele, n. Eng. New Year, (or as a salutation, Happy, New Year)
nzalu (li-) n. kind of date-palm
nze, aux. v. indicating continuation in action: Ku nze ku ya, we are going
on.
-nzeluka (nzelukile) v.i. (the sun) to be very hot. syn. -lenguka.
nzi or nzinzi (li-) n. f’y
nzie or nziye (li-) n. Iocust syn. mwambwa-likumbila.
nzila1 (li- ormi-) n. path, way, route, track fig. manner: U tuXele linzila
za hao, li maswe; stop this bad habit of yours.
nzila2 (li-) n. kind of illness related to superstitious beliefs rudioto, n.
Ieft. hand side: Lizoho &2 nzohoto (or la nzohoto). the leh hand; A mu ine
ku la nzohoto, sit on the left
nzwana (li-) n. calabash-pipe.
„
„, –, apart from the palatal sound as in the word now, letter n has a velar
nasal sound as ng in sing . A special symbol marks out this sound (–).
-–abeka (–abekile) v.t. to grasp, to hold tightly.
-–abula (–abuzi) v.t. to beat, to kill. syn. -–ata. rel. -–abulela (–abulezi)
to kill for someone freq. -–abaula (nabauzi) to beat to death.
–aka (li-) n. medicine-man, African doctor. syn. singanga.
–ake (li-) n. pangolin.
-–ala (–alile) v.i. to sulk, to go away sulking, to sulkily refuse or boy-
cott food. syn. -pupumuka. rel. -–alela (–alezi) to go away sulky: Musal'a
ka u–alezi habo, my wife has gone off in the sulks to her parents. caus. -
–alisa (nalisize) to cause to be sulky. red. -–ala-–ala (–ala-–alile) to
sulk over trifling matters: u –ala-–alafelafa lika ze sina tuso; you sulk
so easily, but for no reason. ref. -i–alisa (i–alisize) to cause oneself
to be sulky: U sike wa no i–alisanga ha u bona lico, do not be in the
sulks when you look at the food.
–alelwa (li-) n. great anguish, great distress (from -kalelwa). cf. butata.
-–aluha (–aluhile) v.i. to flee, to leave because of bad treatment. rel. -–
aluhela (–aluhezi) to leave one's place for another because of bad
treatment. caus. -–aluhisa (–a-luhisize) to deliberately cause someone's
departure.
-–ama (–amile) v.t. to eat (co’loq ) syn. -ca.
–amatwa (li-) n. small bundle (grass. bark, etc. )
–amba1 (li-) n. t;ibute (money or equivalent)
–amba2, n. state of having buck-teeth; Mutu wanamba, a person with buck
teeth.
–ambamo (li-) n. ascent, acclivity incline. (from -kambama).
–ambeko (li-) n. anything given gratis by a seller to encourage his customer
to buy some more or be- cause he has bought a lot- a thing offered on top
of a bargain (from -kambeka). syn. paseb.
–ame-n me, n. deliberate hesita-tion; ku eza– ame–ame, to keep for oneself
what ought to be given to somebody else.
–amuha (–amahile) v.i. to expand, to dilate.
-–amula (–amuzi) v.t. to cause someone to stretch out by choking him.
–amula (li-) n. (1) vest (2) sleeveless blouse (for women).
–amuluha (namuluhile) v.i. to be ex-tendable, elastic.
-–amulula (–amuluzi) v.t. to extend, to stretch.
–ana (li-) n. upper part of the but-tocks below the coccyx.
-–ana-–ana (nana–anile) v.i. to be il-Imannered, uncivil, to think much of
oneself, to be self-centred der. si–anana. syn. -anaena. rel. -–ana-–anela
(nana–anezi) to be uncivil with someone. caus. -–ana–anisa (–ana–anisize)
to cause to show off.
–andal (li-) n. doe lechwe antelope.
~nda2 (ii-) n. baby's motion (excre-ment) syn. matea. fig. exp. –anda-ta-
lukeke (yellow colour).
–andaleza (li-) n. Iamp-stand.
–andu (”i-) n. place where iron ore is dug out.
ianei (bo-) n. person who does not like evil, who forbids and fights against
it.
–anya1 (II-) n. bug.
-–anya2 (nanyize) v.t. to knock down, to beat.
-–anyuka (nanyukile) v.i. to enjoy a very deep sleep.
-–a–a1 (–a–ile) v.t. to hold back, to brake: Ku –a–a tumo ya pizi, to hold
fast a horse's bridle.
-–a–a2 (–a–ile) vPi. to quarrel, to dis- pute, to wrangle. der. ma–a–az-wana,
bu–a–eli. rel. -–a–ela (–a–ezi) to persist in contesting something: (/
tuhele ku –a–ela poro-loto ye sf ya hao, stop arguing about a pencil which
 does not belong to you. caus. -na–isa (–a–isize] to cause someone to
contest or wrangle rec. -–a–isana (–a–isani) to quarrel with each other.
int. -–a–e-lela (–anelezi) to persist, to be ob-stinate.
–a–alwa, n. way of catching fish during the dry season in grass-cov-ered
ponds. (women): litapi za –a-–alwa, fish killed in that way (from -ka–
ala).
-–a–auka (na–aukile) v.i. to walk in a funny manner because one is im-peded
by undersized trousers. fig. to be on the point of fighting caus. -–a–
aukisa (–a–aukisize) to cause to walk in a funny manner. fig. to cause to
be on the point of fight-ing. spec. exp. U. sike wa –a–aukisa toho ya hao
cwalo, u ka kula; stop crying in rage like this or you will become ill
-–apa (–apile) v.t. & v.L as -nyspa.
–asi (li-) n. triangle notch made at the end of a paddle blade in order to
make easier paddling in grassy waters; Silabo sa –asi, forked paddle
–ashu, n. manner in which a person overcomes another: U mu natile hahulu ku
mu sfya ki wa –ashu; he beat him very severely and left him for dead.
(from -kashula).
–asunasu, n. taken adverbially. without relish: Na ha ni lati ku ca buhobe –
asu–asu, I do not like to eat buhobe without relish.
-–ata1 (–atile) v.t. to beat with a stick; to kill by throwing some object:
Mushimani u –atile nuyny-wani ka li–omo, the boy killed a bird with a
clod of earth. syn. -–abula. rel. -natela (–atezi) to beat for someone.
rec. a) -–atana (–atani or –atanile) to exchange blows; b) -–ataulana (–
ataulani) to exchange blows repeatedly. freq.–ataka (–atakile) or-–ataula
(–atauzi) to beat repeatedly, to beat to death.
–ata2 (li or ma) n. bundle, sheaf.
– ta,3 adj. many, numerous, several, much: Batu ba ba–ata, many people;
buloto bo bu–ata, a lot of wheat.
–ati (li-) n. pancreas, (anat.)
–atu–atu, noun taken adverbially, as –asu–asu.
–aya, n. freshness (of meat, fish, etc. ,): Litapi ze a li sikafuta kale, li
sa li –aya, these fish are still fresh.
–e, (li-) n. kind of deadly snake.
–ela1 (li-) n. earthen funnel for bellows.
–eb2 (li-) n. children's hide-and-seek.
–endelo, n. Luyana. manner of walking with a certain intention.
-–eneha (nenehile) v i. to be envious. syn. -shwa-muna. rel. -–enehela (ne-
nehezi) to be envious of some-thing. caus. -–enehisa (–enehisize) to cause
envy.
–engeti (li-) n. reflection; con-science, remorse, torment: Na ha ni na –
engeti mwa pilu, ni ha kula ki ko ni sa isi: although he is ill l have no
sympathy for him. (from -keng-ela).
-–eta (–etile) v.i. to pass by. rel. -–e-telela (–etelezi) to pass by in
order to take by surprise. caus. -netisa (–etisize) to cause to pass by:
Se si mu –etisize nzila yani ki ku sabisa litapi za lwezi. he is making a
detour over there because of the fish he is carrying.
–etana (ma-) n. Luyana. foreigner. syn. muiete.
–ibi (li-) n. otter.
-–inda (–indile) v.t. to beat with the r,St.
–indi (li-) n. fist. syn.nondo.
–o! interj. expressing dryness: Ha lu yo kumbuluka mwa lisima se li –o! When
we had a look at the well, it was dry! fi~g. exp. Mwanana yani u omile, u
li –o! that child is awfully thin
–obyo (li-) n. eyelash.
–oci (li-) n. first vertebra (atlas).
–ohola, adv. Iast year.
–ehola-tuh, adv. the year before last.
–oka1 (li-) n. kind of bownet.
–oka2 (li-) n. Iarge draining ditch.
–oko (li-) n. porridge cooked with milk. fig. a wolf in sheep's cloth-ing
–okolwa (li-) n. elbow.
-–ola (–ozi or olile) v.t. to write: Ku– ola buka, to write a-book; ku –ola
pina, to compose a song. der. muioli, mu–do, mu–ido, liholo, si–oliso.
rel. -–olela (–okzi) to write to. caus. -–olisa (–olisize) to order or to
help to write. m. -–ole-lana (–oleWni) to correspond. freq. -–olanga to
have the habit of writ-ing. red. -–ola-nola (–ola-–olile) to give
occasionally written news. ref. -i–olisa (i–olisize) to register or enrol
–olamenyi (II-) n. Luyana. remain-der, leavings: Ba ni zwisizeSa muse-bezi,
kono ku sa na ni –olamenyi fate–i, they have sacked me, but there are
still things remaining to be discussed; Mutu u puluhiie hande kono ku sa
na ni –olamenyi, ndu ya mwana i sa pala; the woman has safely delivered,
but the placenta still remains to come out. (from -kolamena).
–olano (li-) n. race, competition, match; hunt (with dogs): Kacenu ki –olano,
lu ka bona nja ye lubilo, today is a hunt with the dogs, we shall s~ee
which is the swiftest.
–ole, n. insensibility of the heart, heartlessness.
–olo (li-) n. nipple of the breast, teat.
–olonde (li-) n. spinning-top, peg-top. fig. exp. Likomu li tapa –ol– –o-
londe, li boni linyonga, the cattle are swimming . in a ring because they
have seen a mud-sucker fish which signifies the approach of crocodiles.
see linyonga
–olotwa (li-) n. piece of wood used to tie dogs which would cut through
ordinary rope with their teeth.
-–oma1 (–omile) v.t. to refuse to give. syn. -tima, -nota, cf. -fala
–oma2 (li-) n. ball, African hockey: ku lunga –oma, to start a game of ~. ku
kola noma, to play a game of ~.
–omba (li-) n. Iarge buck antelope.
–omba2 (li-) n. the last child in a family, the last born
–ombdo, n. buhobe without relish.
–omboti (li-) n. person in charge of a royal grave. syn. nameto, mushei.
-–omela (–omezi) v.t. to button, to fasten up, to clasp (a knife). inv. -–
omolola (–omolozi) to unbutton, to unfasten, to unclasp. fig. to hold
someone's head in an armlock. syn. -cobela. rec. -–omelana (–ome-lanl) to
hold each other by the neck. ref. -i–omela (i–omezi) as rec.
-–ompola (–ompozi) v.t. to take a portion from a dish of buhobe. der. si–
ompoliso. cf. -–wata. rel. -–om-polela (–ompolezi) to ~ for some-one. int.
-–ompolelela (–ompolelezi) to take a large portion from a dish of buhobe:
U –ompolelezi buhobe kaufela, he has helped himself with nearly all the
buhobe
–ondo (li-) n. fist. syn. –indi.
–ondwatuya (bo-) n. imaginary aquatic monster believed to erode the bank of a
river.
–ongo, n. yawn; ku shaa– ongo, to yawn.
–ongolo (li-) n. empty snail shell syn. kupa.
-–onoleha (–o–olehile) v.i. to show dissatisfaction, to grumble. der. mu–o–
olehi,–o–oleho, cf. -bilaela, -tongoka, -honona.
–onoleho (li-) n. dissatisfaction, grumbling. (from -–o–oleha).
-–ota (–otile) v.t. to refuse to give: Ba ni –otile kwa busunso bwa bona.
they have refused to share their re’ish with me. syn. -tima,
-–oma. ioto (li-) n. arm-lock.
–uli (li-) n. tempest. hurricane.
–uba-–uba (bo- or li-) n. Rufus-bel-lied Heron.
–ulub ti (li-) n. Luy na. an old person (man or woman)
–ulubeti (li-) n. divine promise (from -kulubeta) cf. sepiso.
–ulukati (li-) n. Luyana. an old woman.
–ulukundi (bo-) n. Luyana. progemi-tor of a family (after two or more
generatory) the late (so-and-so): Mweli wa Ngambela –ulukundi. the eldest
son of the late Ngambela. syn. nyandi, mutalahali cf. imutak-wandu.
–ulule1 n. month of December.
–ulule2 (li-) n. kind of insect (dark brown and winged. usually seen in
December only).
–ululume (li-) n. Luyana. an old man.
–uluwa (li-) n. old dog with long ex-perience in hunting.
–umbi (li-) n. cormorant (–umbi ye nsu, reed cormorant or long-tailed
cormorant; –umbi ye sweu, white- breasted cormorant.)
–umbili n. group of peop’e rising suddenly because of fear or sorrow (also
said of cattle afraid and coming together). cf. maefe-efe.
–umbimulilo n. very ’arge fire being a source of intense heat.
–undupula (li- or ma-) n. torrentia’ rain and thunder storm.
–ingu1 (li-) n. White Stork (Locust Bird). fig. someone who always goes where
he sees food.
–ungu2 (li-) n. Wood Ibis.
–ungwe (li-) n. Luyana. kind of small fish. syn. mubundu2.
–u–ulo (li-) n. reputation: Yena u ile –u–ulo ya busholi. he has the repu-
tation of being a thief.
-–u–una (–u–unile) v.i. to murmur to mumb’e caus. -–u–unisa (–u–u-nisize) to
cause someone's mur-muring
tnu–uta (–u–utile) v.i. to whine. (dogs).
-–usa (–usize) v.t. to denounce to inform against to report badly. der.–uso.
syn. -biha.
–uso (li-) n. denunciation. delation. accusation (from -–usa).
–ute (li-) n. Luyana. curse. maledic-tion: Mutangana yani u shwile –ute ya
mahe, that young man has been cursed by his mother syn. sikuto.
–utuluti n. bias any special infiu-ence that sways the mind.
–waa ! idioph. (the sound of) a child's cry. a bees-swarm.
-–wsela (nwsezi) v.t. to scrape a hide in order to soften it. der. mun-~waeli
si–waeliso. rel. -–wseleb (–waelezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -–waelisa (–
wselisize) to help to ~ ref. -i–wselela (i–waelezi) to scrape a hide
belonging to oneself.
–walakati (II-) n. wife originating from a village different from that of her
husband.
–walani (li-) n. decoration on a wall or fioor made by smearing.
-–walaula (nwalauzi) v.t. to scratch repeatedly cf. -–waya. Kaze i mu
nwalauzi the cat has scratched him. rel. -i–walaula (i–walauzi) to scratch
oneself: Mbututu u i–wa-lauzi, ki ha lila, the baby has scratched himself
that is why he is crying.
–walula (–waluzi) scratch ref. i–waIuls
-–wamuka (–wamukile) v.i. not to be given what one expected: Ni –wamukile ni
ka ka kana, I came back with empty hands.
-–waana (–wasnile) v.i. to cry to yell (baby) syn. -–waula. caus. -–wasnisa
(–wasnisize) to make cry.
-–wa–uluka (–wa–ulukile) v.i. to be very thin to be nothing but skin and
bones to be emaciated cf. -ota. caus. -–wa–ulukisa (–wa–ulukisize) to
cause thinness: Se si mu awa–u-lukisize cwalo ki lipilaelo za mwan-a hae;
it is anxiety about her child that made her so thin
–wanyama (li- or ma-) n. an avari-cious greedy close-fisted person. syn.
mutimani.
–wanyl (II-) n. fish-eagle (African Sea Eagle). fig. avaricious person.
-–wa–waila (–wa–waile or –wa–wai-lile) v.i. to walk away disappoin-tedly: Ba
–wa–wailafela ha ba sika Sumana sesi–wi. their bearing shows
disappointment. for they did not find anything.
-–wata (–watile) v.t. to take a por-tion or a part of something (food fiour
etc.) der. mu–wati si–watiso. c . -–ompola -sempula. idbm. exp. Ha ufa
munnau –wate kwa teni, when you give to a man keep a little for yourself.
rel. -–wateb (–watezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -nwatisa (–watisize) to
help to ~. A muyo ni –watisa kwa mbonyi, pula se li fa-kauf; help me to
take in my maize for the rain is coming int. -–watelela (–watelezi) to
take the whole bit by bit. red. -–wata-iõwata (–wata-–watile) to take
small por-tions again and again.
-–waula (–wauzi) v.i. to cry lo yell (baby) syn. -–wasna.
–wawawa (bo-) n. Hadadah Ibis
-–waya (–waile) v.t. to scratch (people) cf. -–walula. ref. -iiõwaya (i–
waile) to scratch oneselfi
-–weha (–wehile) v.i. to disappear in fear to leave unobserved
–welula n. current in a river.
-–wenyumuka (Žwenyumukile) v.i. to pass unobserved unnoticed; to hide
oneself.
–wi! adj. one other a cenain some: nto ili–wi, one thing; taba ye–wi, another
matter Ni mu boni mwa sibaka sesi–wi, I have seen him in a cenain place;
Ba ba–wi ha ba i lati, some people do not like it; ye–wi ni ye–wi, each,
–wi! inter;. expressing the sound of a person falling down: A mu wisa fafasi,
a mu li –wi! he knocked him down so !
O
o pronounced as in go.
o! interj. of surprise; indeed! oh!
o dem. pron. (class mu-mi) first and second degree: This this one. Museme o.
ni u lekile maabani, I bought this mat yesterday
o rel. pron. obj. (class mu-mi) which: Muhata o nif lwe kilXlena, the fty-
switch which I have been given by the Litunga.
-oba1 (obile) v.t. (1) to bend Kamuso ni ta oba siongo sa ka, tomorrow I
shall put up my shelter (lit bend the sticks for my shelter); (2) to fold:
ku oba mufu, to fold the legs and arms of a dead or dying person. syn. -
beta. fig. Luyana to put to death. rel. -obela (obezi) to put up a shelter
for someone. caus. -obisa (obisize) to help someone to put up a shelter.
red. ~eba-oba (oba-obile) to build a shelter quickly and without much
care.
-oba2 (obile) v.t. to bone cooked ing-uana-meat. der. Iooba.
-ohma (obami or obamile) v.i. to be bent, stooped, to be leaning over the
road. caus. -obamisa (obami-size) to bend: Kota i obamisizwe ki pula, the
tree has been bent by the storm.
ofisi (liW or ma-) n. Eng. oEce.
olbo! Inter;. of wonder, of surprise, of grief; oh !
-oifa (oiTile) v.i. to check, to control one's feelings out of cOunesy: Yena
ni ha bulela ni ba bahulu, ha off; he shows lack of respect even when he
talks to old people.
-oka (okile) v.t. Luyana. to betray. der. muoki. syn. -beteka. reii. -okeb
(okezi) to betray with a definite purpose.
-okameb (okamezi) v.t. Sotho, to reign above, to be above, to be superior
to, to dominate to super-vise der. muokameli.
-okola (okozi) v.t. to take fish out of bow-net. cfi -nona.
-ola1 (olile) v.t. to sit by the fire, to bask in the sun: Ku ola kambalala,
to bask in the sunshine (especially during winter time). c . -yotamena.
fig. exp. Ku oia mutu simutilo, to ap-proach closely a person of high
rank. caus. -olisa (olisize) to cause to bask: Se si mu olisa mulilo musi-
hali cwana ki kuli wa kula; he is sit-ting near the fire at midday be-
cause he is not well.
ola2 (olile) v.i. to be the most be-loved (speaking of a child) der. moola,
loliso. caus. -olisa (olisize) to love one more than others. to treat a
child better than others.
-olela1 (olezi) v.t. (1) to gather sweepings: Ku olela m¿akala. to gather
sweepings. (2) to take from a pile (food stock): ku olela mabele,
namundalangwe, to take from a stock of corn, pumpkins, rel. -ole-lela
(olelezi) to gather or take from for someone. caus. -olelisa (oleli-size)
to help to gather sweepings or take food from a stock. int. -ole-lelela
(olelelezi) to gather all the sweepings or take away a stock of food:
Masholi ba olelelezi namunda-langwe wa ka kaufela, thieves have taken away
all my pumpkins.
olela2 (olezi) v.t. to inhale the smoke of medicinal burning roots. syn. -
yotela. cf. -yokomwena, rel. -olelela (olelezi) to ~ in a certain place.
caus. -olelisa (olelisize) to make someone to ~.
-oloka1 (olokile) v.L to be straight, to be venical: Mukolo ki omunde ku
oloka, a good canoe is a straight one. fig. to be of commanding ap-
pearance.
-oloka2 (olokile) v.t. to eat the first fruit. (see katamu). syn. -tamuna.
pass. -olokwa, (olokilwe) to be sat-isfied. caus. -olokisa (olokisize) to
share out the first fruits.
-olo!a1 (olozi) v.i. to paddle in unlson.
olola2 (olozi) v.t. to choke. to th-rottle so as to cause swooning. syn. -
kama, -ndimbela. rel. -ololela (olo-lezi) to choke on someone's behalf.
caus. -ololisa (ololisize) to assist in choking a person.
olonji (li- or ma-) n. Eng. orange.
-oma (omile) v.i. to get dry. to wither. syn. -kambuka. fig. to faint. caus.
-omisa (omisize) to expose in the sun. fig. to kill. int. -omelela
(omelezi) to become dried up, to be quite dry. fig. to faint, to suffer
from epilepsy (kanono); ku omelela luna–ali, to be paralysed. cf. -welela.
ref. -ikomisa (Ikomisize) to dry oneselfs (with ‹ towel, in the sun, at
the fire, etc.)
-omana (omani or omanile) v.i. to speak angrily for a-very long time, to
quarrel der. komano, syn. -lokota, -tatauka. rel. -omanela (om-anezi) to
quarrel over something: Ba omanela nama, they are quar-relling over meat.
caus. -omanisa (omanisize) or -omanya (omanyize) to scold someone (see -
omanya). freq. -omananga to have the habit of quarrelling. red. -omana-
omana (omana-omani) or (omana-omanile) to be inclined to quarrel.
-omanya (omanyize) v.t. to scold, to be abusive, to slang. der. komanyo. syn.
-kalimela, -taseza. rel. -oma-nyeza (omanyelize) to ~ for some-one; to ~
purposely. caus. -oma-nyisa (omanyisize) to cause some-one to be rebuked.
freq. -oma-nyanga to have the habit of ~. ref. -ikomanya (ikomanyize) to
scold each other angrily.
-ombaa (ombile) v.t. Luyana. (1) to land a fishing net, to pull a net to the
shbre, (2) to walk in water in search of tortoises. der. Iiomba.
-omba2 (ombile) or -omba-omba (omba-ombile) v.t. to soothe, to lull, to
console, to comfort; to ap-pease an angry person. der. siom-baombiso. cf.
-shemba-shemba. fig. exp. ku omba moyo, to kill.
-ombala (ombalile) v.i. to become quiet, to cool down after having been
angry. cf. -kuza. caus. -omba-lisa (ombalisize) to quieten, to ap-pease,
to soothe.
-ombama (ombami or ombamile) v.i. (’) to go into the water (people, cattle,
etc.) Likomu li se li ombami fa nuka, the cattle have already gone into
the river; (2) to become soft: Mbonyi ye i ombami kale, mu i site cwale:
this maize is soft now, so pound it.
-ombeka (ombekile) v.t. to steep, to put in water, to immerse, to dip, to
soak: Ku ombeka mwanja, to soak cassava. der. Iiombekelo. syn. -put-weka.
rel. -ombekela (ombekezi) to steep for someone. caus. -ombekisa
(ombekisize) to help to immerse. int. -ombekelela (ombekelezi) to immerse
the whole lot: Ba ombeke-lezi mwanja kauSela, they have soaked the whole
of the cassava. inv. -ombola (ombozi) to take something soaked out of
water. fig. to save someone from drown-ing: U pilezifa linala, kambesi na
ku mu ombola; he had a narrow escape and would have drowned if I had not
taken him out of the water. red. -ombaula (ombauzi) to take out of water
one thing after another.
-ombela (ombezi) v.i. to become calm (river): Kacenu ku kuzize, nuka i
ombezi, there is no wind today, the river is calm.
-omboka (ombokile) v.i. to get out of water, to move away from a flooded
place, to land after swim-ming. der. Iiomboko, maombokelo. syn. -tatuha,
kanduka, cf. -fuluhela. rel. -ombokela (ombokezi) to land in a cenain
place. caus. -ombokisa (ombokisize) or -ombosa (ombo-size) to take out of
the flooded plain- ku ombokisa likomu, to take the cattle to the forest at
the be-ginning of the flood.
-omboloka (ombolokile) v.i. to go away stealthily. syn. -shosboloka. rel. -
ombolokela (ombolokezi) to disappear somewhere furtively. caus. -
ombolokisa (ombolokisize) to take away a thing funively: Ki–i seo so
ombolokisa? ni ku boni! what are you taking away so stealthily? I have
seen you!
-omeka (omekile) v.t. to take and hold firmly: Sika se u si omeke hande sika
shwa, hold this thing firmly, or it will break; Ila ufumani musebezÀ u
omeke hande, when you find a job, stick to it; Musaliyo ha ni sa kona ku
mu omeka, u palile. l can no longer make this wife sub-missive, she has
gone astray. syn. -kona..
-onda1 (ondile) v.t. to pay the dowry sionda. der. sionda, maondela. syn. -
lobola. pass. -ondiwa (ondil ve) to become engaged by the payment of the
sionda: lfa ni sika ondEwa, ha u lata wa ni nyala; if you like you may
marry me, for no sionda has yet been paid for me. rel. -ondela (ondezi) to
~ for someone. caus. -ondisa (ondisize) to fix the amount of a sionda: Na
ha ni lati ku ondisa mwanaka buima bwa mali, I do not want to ask for a
heavy dowry for my daughter. int. -ondelela (onde- lezi) to pay the whole
dowry. re . -ikondela (ikondezi) to pay one's own dowry.
-onda2 (ondile) v.i. Luyana. to sleep (baby).
-ondek la (ondelezi) v.i. to take a long time doing something; to stay a long
time where one has been sent to to loiter. cf. -liyeh. caus. -.ondelelisa
(ondelelisize) to delay someone.
-ondeka (ondokile) v.i. Luyana. to be absent from home for a long time. syn.
-cona. cf. -Iyongobela. rel. -ondokela (ondokezi) to stay a long time
away. at or in: U ondokezi mwa ku nwa buswala, he has been away a long
time drinking beer. caus. -ondekisa (ondokisize) to keep someone waiting a
long time to delay someone.
-onga1 (ongile) v.t. Luyana. to mend a fishing-net. der. muengi. rel. -ongeb
(ongezi) to ~ for someone. c us. -ongis (ongisize) to help someone to
~. int. -ongelela (onge-lezi) to finish completely the mending of a net.
-onga2 (ongile) v.t. Luyana. to cheat to deceive. der. muongi siongiso. syn.
-puma -pelemeka -belemeka.
onge (li-) n. skin disease which dis-colours the skin.
onge2 (li-) n. Luyana. Iechwe ante-lope. syn. Iiz vii.
-ongola (ongozi) v.t. (1) to end to finish: Ha na ku bu ongola bufumu bwa
ndatahe, he will not be able to get through his father/s wealth. syn. -op.
(2) (when used on its own) to finish pounding stamping: Ni ongozi, ni yo
tapa cwale; I have finished stamping I am going to bathe now.
-ongomana (ongomani or ongoma-nile) v.i. to become bent with age: Mutu yani
sa ongomani mukokoto, that man over there is already bent with age. der.
mongomani. caus. -ongomanisa (ongomanisize) to cause to ~. Butuku bu mu
ongoma-nisize mukokoto, illness has bent his back.
-ongomeka (ongomekile) v.t. to delay someone by talking too much. cf. -
ngongweka.
-onjaela (onjaezi) v.i. to walk slowly without strength or in grief. c. -
ndombyaela -shashangela. rel. -on-jaelela (onjaelezi) to walk slowly
towards u onjaelezi kwa sipatela, he dragged himself along to the hos-
pital. caus. -onjaelisa (onjaelisize) to cause someone to drag himself
along: Ki ku kula ko ku mu onjaelisa cwalo, it is sickness that causes him
to drag himself along like that- rel. -onjadiseza (onjaeliselize) to ac-
company a person somewhere who is too w-ak tQ walk alone: Ki ma–i ya ka
onjaeliseza mukuli yo kwa hae? who will help this person home?
-onya-onya (onya-onyize) v.t. (1) to rub (washing) (2) to shake (as a lion
with its victim), (3) to kill.
opa1 (opile) v.t. to hit someone's head with a stick. der. muopi.
opa2 (opile) v.i. to ache to be smarfing: Ku opa mwa toho, to have headache.
caus. -opisa (opisize) to cause headache.
-opela (opezi) v.i. & v.t. to sing; kopano ya baopeli, choir. der. muo-peli
muopelisi muopelelo.rel. -ope-kb (opelezi) to sing for. caus. -ope-lisa
(opelisize) to conduct a choir. freq. -opelanga to have the habit of
singing. ref. -ikopelela (ikopelezi) to enjoy oneself in singing.
-ota1 (otile) v.i. to become thin. to grow lean; to waste away. caus. -otisa
(otisize) to cause to waste away: Unomwaha batu ba ta otiswa ki tala,
people will waste away this year because of hunger.
ota2 (otile) v.t. to twist to spin: Ku ota muhala, to make a cord. der.
muoti. rel. -oteb (otezi) (muhala) to make a cord for someone. caus. -
otisa (otisize) to help someone to make a cord. ref. -ikotels (ikotezi)
(muhala) to make a cord without anybody's help.
-ota3 (otile) v.t. Sotbo. to punish to strike to beat.
-otelwa (otezwi) v.i. to live an easy life to have ample means to have
plenty: Ya otezwi uSetuha sikaba, he who has plenty often lacks charac-ter
and so becomes dependent on others.
-otoba (otobile) v.i. Luyana. to be soft gentle.
otoloha (otolohile) v.i. to become stretched or straight.
-otolola (otolezi) v.t. to stretch out to straighten flg. exp. ku otolola If
zoho, to give; ku otolola mutu, to throttle to choke. cause. -otololiõsa
(otololisize) to help to stretch out. ref. -ikotolola (itololosize) to
help to stretch out. ref. -ikotolola (iko-tolezi) to stretch oneself out:
Na ikotololelafa bucwa–i, he was Iying full length on the grass.
oya1 (oyile) v.t. (mwenge) to slob-ber to dribble (at the mouth).
oya2 (oyile) v.t. Luyana. to finish the weaving of a fishing net. syn. -
nugunda cf. -onga. flg. exp. ku oya musipili, to come to the end of a
journey.
oyo (1Z) n. Iong needle used in making mats.
-oyoka (oyokile) v.i. to become weak to faint on hearing very bad news.
-oyonga (oyongile) v.i. Luyu~. to speak slowly in a low voice.
-ozela (ozezi) or ozelŸe) t.i. to slumber, to doze. der. muezeli, slo-zela.
rel. -ozekla (ozeizi) flg. to ignore offenders: Yena u sweli ku ozelela batu
ba ba mu eza bumaswe; he has the habit of ignoring people who wrong him.
eaus. -ozelisa (oze-lisize) to cause to ~. freq. -oze-langa to be inclined to
doze. ref. -ikozdisa (ikozelisize) to simulate dozing: Lu tokomele ku bulela
ze-maswe, mutu yo wa ikozelisa, let us avoid being slanderous, for this man
is listening although he is pre-tending to doze.
P
p. pronounced as in English.
pa! idEph. imitation of sound of something breaking: crack!
-psa (palle) v.i. to wade: Likomu se li paa fa mupao, the cattle are al-ready
crossing thc ford. der. mupao, cf. -hwa.
pabalelo (li-) n. care, carefulness thrift: Pabalelo ya mubili, hygiene,
pabalelo ya mali, saving, economy. (from -babaleb).
pabazo (li-) n. Sotho. admiration, praise. (from -b b z ).
paca or p cab! idioph. imitation of sound of something entering the water:
Mukolo wa li pacalafa mezi, the canoe splashed into the deep water- LizwEi
ni lona la lu sfya, la li pacalafa nuka, the lechwe left us and dived into
the water.
-paceka (pacekile) v.t. to lower a canoe into the water.
nafa (li-) n. horsewhip riding-whip. flg. a very thin person.
-pafweka (pafwekile) v.t. to throw something into water (large object).
-pahama1 (pahami or pahamile) v.t. to copulate (cattle) to ri{ie. der.
mupahami. caus. -pahamisa (paha-misize) to put on horse back. re . -
ipahamisa (ipahamisize) to mount a riding animal
-pahama2 (pahami or pahamile) v.i. & v.t. to ascend to go up to climb up; to
be high: ku pahama lilundu, to ascend a mountain; ku pahama fa lilundu, to
go to the top of a mountain ¥ Lilundu li pahami hahulu the mountain is
very high. der. mu pahami pahameb bupahamo. cfl -kambama. flg. to rise in
honour; to fight. rel. -pahamela (pahamezi) to climb somewhere fl8. to be
above others. caus. -pahamisa (pahami-size) to cause to start a journey:
Se si ku pahamisa mushitu busEhu cwana ki sika mafii? why are you pushing
through the forest when it is so late? flg. to raise a person above
others. to promote; to exalt spec. exp. ku pahamisa linzwi, to raise one's
voice ref. -ipahamisa (ipahamisize) flg. to pretend to be above others; to
exalt oneself.
pahamelo (li-) n. steps stairs ladder. (from -pahama).
-paheka (pahekile) v.t. to hang up to suspend. cf. -kambeka. rel. -pa-hekela
(pahekezi) to ~ for some-one: A ku ni pahekele baki ye kwa sikwalo, hang
my coat up on the door caus. -pahekisa (pabekisizeJ to hand up something
to be hung: Mu ni litele ni to mi pahekisa mabala ao; wait I shall pass up
these wall-plates to help you. inv. -pahulula (pahuluzi) to take down;
ref. -ipa-heka (ipahekile) to raise or lift one-self up: A mu bone
mwananayo, bati ki kale a ipaheka fa sipula! gosh! look at this little
child he has just managed to lift himself up on the chair.
-paila1 (pailile) v.t. to strike with the palm of the hand to slap in the
face.
-paila2 (pailile) v.t. (1) to splash to besmear (2) to take water in the
mouth and spit it in a sore eye.
-pailela (pailezi) v.t. to pray to an-cestors to worship the dead. der.
mupaileli sipaileliso pailezo. syn. -yumbangeta. cfl -sheya. rel. -paile-
lela (pailelezi) to pray to ancestors in favour of someone. red. -pailela-
pailela (pailela-pailezi) to rely on ancestor-worship on all occasions
ref. -ipailelela (ipailelezi) to seek for oneself the help of ancestors in
praying flg. -ipailela (ipailezi) to protect oneself against any kind of
spells with medicines bought from witchdoctors.
pailezo (li-) n. offering made to an-cestors. syn. sipaileliso. (from -pai-
lela).
-paka1 (pakile) v.t. to witness to give evidence to attest der. pakl bupaki
cf. -tiisa. rel. -pakela (pakezi) to witness in favour of s˜meone. caus. -
pakisa (pakisize) to lead someone to give evidence: Wena, se ne si ku
pakisa taba ya buhata ki sika ma–i? what made you give false evidence?
rec. -pa-kelana (pakelani or pakelanile) to give evidence according to
 mutual agreement: Kuta if umani kuli ne ba pakelana ka buhata, the court
de-cided that the men had given false evidence on mutual agreement. fres;.
-pakanga to habitually give evidence. ref. -ipakela (ipakezi) to give
evidence in one's own favour: Ala ni koni ku ipakela, Kuta i bize fela
lipaki za ka; I cannot defend myself let the court ca’l for my witnesses.
-paka2 (pakile) v.t. to fasten a door; to bolt. der. mupaki sipakiso flg. to
be satiated to have one's fill. rel. -pakela (pakezi) to ~ for some-one.
caus. -pakisa (pakisize) to enjoin someone to fasten a door: Se si ku
pakisize kwa ndu u nzo ni bona kini? what made you bolt the door when you
could see me? inv. -pakulula (pakuluzi) to unfasten to unbolt. ref. -
ipakela (ipakezi) to lock onself inside.
pakala-|~kala ! idisupb. cxpressing the rush of the last moment when people
start a journey: Ne lu li ba lobala, ha lu yo kumbuluka i seili pakala-
pakala fa mitiyo ya bona, se bafunduka;,we were thinking that they were
going to sleep when all of a sudden they started packing up and were ready
to go.
-pakamisa1 (pakamisize) v.t. to carry hurriedly a heavy load.
-pakamisa2 v.t. to cause a person to hurry up.
pakana (li-) n. space between two houses or yards. syn. pul vans.
pakani (li-) n. ¥dv. still motionless: ku yema pakani, to stand still: A yema
pakani, a kunupa kwalata, he stood motionless and short a sable antelope.
-pakata1 (pakatile) v.t. to carry under the arm. "8- to be insepara-ble
(people).
-pakata2 (p katile) v.i. to be lame, to limp, to hobble. syn. -toza, -cu–uta.
-pakata3 (pakatile) v.i. to sprout ears (maize) syn. -comola.
-pakatisa (pakatisize) v.t. to cause to hasten or hurry up, to urge people to
work: Mu sike mwa lu pa-katisa cwalo, ha lu li-mashini; we are not
machines, so do not push us on like this.
-pakela (pakezi) v.i. to rise very early. der. mapakela. adv. exp. ka
mapakela, very early in the morn-ing. syn. -meneka, -pumbuka, -shi-tuka.
rel. -pakelela (pakelezi) to rise early in order to go some-where: Kamuso
ni pakelela mwa mu-shitu, tomorrow I shall go early to the forest. caus. -
pakelisa (pakeli-size) to cause to rise early; to awaken someone early:
A{u pumule cwale ni ka mi pakelÀsa kamuso; now have a rest, I shall wake
you up very early tomorrow. freq. -pa-kdanp to wake up early regu-larly.
paki (li-) n. witness.
-pakka (pakicize) v.t. Eng. to pack, to wrap.
-pakisa (pakisize) v.i. Sotho. to make haste, to be quick.
pako, n. Sotho. repentance. (from -baka).
-pakuka1 (pakukile) v.i. to stand up suddenly in order to go (important
people): Ka bunyemi muatuli a pakuka a zwa mwa kuta, the judge being very
cross, stood up sud-denly and left the court.
-pakuka2 (pakukile) v.i. to be opened (umbrella).
-pakula1 (pakuzi) v.t. to open an um-brella. rel. -pakulela (pakulezi) to ~
for someone. caus. -pakullsa (pa-kulisize) to help to ~.
-pakuh2 (pakuzi) v.t. to take buhobe out of a pot and serve it. der. sipa-
kuliso or sipakulo.
pakula3 (pakuzi) v.i. to puff to become inflated to swell (cobra)-Mbumbe ha
i pakula ya sabisa, it is frightening when a black cobra puffs out. der.
pakula.
pakula4 (li-) n. black cobra. (from -pakula). syn. mbumbe.
pala1 (li-) n. Zulu. impala antelope. (Rooibock).
pala2 (li-) n. herdboy's horn used for calling cattle. fig. exp. pala i
lilile, freedom emancipation has been proclaimed.
-pala3 (paliFe) v.i. to be impossible: Kwa pala, it is impossible; Ku palile,
it has not been possible.
-palskata (palakatile) v.i. to thun-der. der. - mambalakata fig. to speak
angrily. caus. fig. to provoke an angry speech.
palali (li-) n. immigration compul-sory immigration. fig. calamity: Munomwaha
ki palali bakefiisa tala, the present year is calamitious be-cause of
famine. (from -falab3.
palebo (li-) n. flight hasty depar-ture (also b kho). (from Xbsleh‡).
-palelwa (palezwi) v.t. to be unable to da something. det. mupalelwl
mapalelwi bepalelwL rel. -pale-ielwa (pale1ezwi) (1) to rely on someone
when in difficulty: Ku pa-klelwa ku mwunana yomunyinyani, to rely on a
small child when in diEculty; (2) to be overcome by fatigue or illness
somewhere: Mukuli u palelezwi mwa nzila, the patient was overcome by
fatigue on the way. c us. -palelisws (psk1i-sizwe) to be hindered by: Ni
paleli-sizwe ki ku tokwa mali, kabe ni na ni itekezi kwa nama; I also
would have bought some meat if I had money. rec. -palelwana (palelwani ˜r
palelwanile) to disagree with one another; to be unable to live together.
freq. -palelwanga to fail all the time: Wena u palelwanga lika ze bunolo,
you always fail to do easy things. ref. -ipaleielws (Ipao lezwl) to be
completely incapable !
-paliaela (paliaezi) v.t. to walk having lost the path. syn. -poliana.
-paliams (paliami or paliamile) v.t. to tred upon mud or dung. etc. to walk
carelessly. syn. -p valyama.
palisa (li-) n. flower. fig. a hand-some woman
-palisa2 (palisize) v.t. to copulate (dogs).
-palisana (palisani or palisanile) v.i. to be of equal strength.
palo1 (li-) n. hatchet. (from -fala).
palo2 (li-) n. number. Lipalo; arith-metic figures reckoning ac-count. (from
bala).
-pamala (pamazi or pamalik) v.i. to have one's fill to be satiated. syn. -
kula.
-pampela (pampezi) v.t. to put a lot of buhobe on a plate or dish rel. -
pampelela (pampelezi) same mean-ing: U pampelezi buhobefa mukeke ulimunwi,
she put all the buhobe on one plate.
pampili (li- or ms-) n. Eng. paper sheet of paper. syn. pepa.
-pampumuka (pampumukik) v.i. to peel to come off (bark skin etc.) Kota yani i
omile, mi se i pampu-muka makwati; that tree over there is dead and its
bark is already coming off; Mukeke wa ka u pam-pumukile, my plate has its
enamel removed
-pampumuna (pampumuzi) v.t. to peel to take off (bark); to remove enamel from
plate or mug (as a result of dropping)
-pamula (pamuzi) v.t. to catch something before it falls to the ground. fk.
to steal. caus. -pamulha (pamulisize) fig. to cause to steal m. fl8. -
pamZana (pmulani or ps- mulsnile) to fight (speaking of two peoples).
-pamweb (pamwezi) v.t. to strike water with a paddle to frighten fish and
make them go to the net.
-pana (panile) v.t. Eng. to inspan. der. mupJni sipani. syn. -bofa. rel. -
paneb (panezl) to inspan for some-one. caus. -panisa (panisize) to help to
inspan. int. -panelela (panelezi) to inspan all oxen at one's dis-i posal.
inv. -panulula (panuluzi) to outspan
-panda (pandile) v.t. Eng. to pound to stamp unsoaked malze. der. mu-pandl
cf. -sits. rd. -pandela (pan-dezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -p n-disa
(pandisize) to help to ~.
-pandana (pandani or pandanile) v.i. to be dispersing to spread about to be
scattered: Linyunywani ha li safumanwafakaufi li se li pandani; the birds
are scattered and we can no longer find them nearby. cf. -hasana. rel. -
pandanela (pandanezi) to be dispessing in certain direc-tions. caus. -
pandanisa (pandani-size) to cause the dispersion of.
-pandeb (pandezi) v.t. to put medi-cine in a horn.
panga (li-) n. Eng. bank.
panga2 (li-) n. smatl section of a field left unploughed.
-panga3 (pangile) v.t. to construct to make. der. mupangi bupangL syn. -
nganga; cf. -yaha. tel. -pangela (pangezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -
pangisa (pangisize) to help to ~. der. fig. -pangans (pang nl or pang-
anile) to make a mutual agree-ment: Ne lu pangani kuli lu ka ya hamoho,
kono ki kale a limbulula, we had agreed to go together, but he dropped my
company. inv.-pangulula (panguluzlt or -pangutub (pangutuzi) to take to
pieces, to pull down a building. ref. -ipangela (ipangezi) to ~ for
oneself.
-pangala (pangalile) v.i. to refuse to listen, persisting in obtaining a di-
vorce (woman) caus. -pangalisa (pangslisize) to incite a woman to abandon
her husband: ku n~aswe ku pangalisa musal-a mutu, it is di-shonest to
incite a woman to di-vorce her husband. int. -pangale-lela (pangalelezi)
to abandon one's husband.
pani (li-) n. Eng. pan, frying pan.
-panisha (panishize) v.t. Eng. to punish, to chastise. der. panishi. syn. -
ota.
panishl (li-) n. Eng. punishment. (from -panisha).
-pankata (pankatile) v.i. see -pan ta.
panoX, n. generosity. (from -f na.).
pano2, adv. entirely; musEhali wa pano, the whole day; MusEhali wa pano ki ku
lwanisa mutu ya sina mulatu; you spend the whole day reproaching someone
who has done no wrong.
pauti (li-) n. sirap: lukanda lwa panti, leather belt, lipanti za ku tamisa
likubo, leather straps.
-panyeha (panyehile) v.t. to hang, to suspend. (as -paheka).
-psnata (panatile) v.i. to limp, to be lame. syn. -cufiuta, -toza. CJUS. -
pafiatisa (pafiatisize) to cause someone to limp.
PapaX n. Eng. or Mulena Papa, the Pope.
-papa2 (papiie) v.i. to become sour (beer). caus. -papisa (papisize) to cause
to ~: Bueazala bwa hao bu pa-pisizwe ki ku tokwa mumela. it is a lack of
malt that caused your beer to become sour.
-papab (papalil ) or ;ap bna (pa-pahni or ppalanile) v.i. to wriggle about
(as a fish taken out of the water). syn. -papalika.
papalika1 (papalikile) v.i. to stagger to reel. syn. -tantalika. rel. -
papali-kela (papalikezi) to stagger some-where. caus. -papalikisa
(papaliki-size) to cause staggering. ref. -ipa-palikisa (ipapalikisize) to
pretend to stagger: U ipapalikisafela ha sika kolwa u na ni mukwa omuinwi,
he is not drunk he is just purposely pre-tending to stagger.
-papalika2 (papalikile) v.i. as -papala.
papali (li-) n. play game amuse-ment; sports. (from -bapala).
-papamala (papamalile) v.i. to shrivel, to shrink, (skin, paper cloth). fig.
to suffer from difficul-ties. caus. -papamalisa (papamali-size) to cause
to shrink.
papano (li-) n. difference; dis-agreement discord: Hakuna papano mwahali a
lika ze zepeli there is no difference between these two things. syn.
fspano. (from-f pna).
papanyo (li-) n. comparison simili-tude. (from -f panya).
-papab (papatile) v.t. Eng. (1) to pat U papata nja ya hae ku i sabisa ku
iuma batu, he is patting his dog to prevent it from biting people-(2) to
prepare clay for moulding. By. ext. to strike to bit with the hand.
papati (li-) n. bream.
-papaula (papauzi) v.t. to strip the hide of animals to flay, to devour (of
birds of prey). fig. to beat severely. cf. -buwa. rel. -papaulela
(papaulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -papaullsa (papaulisize) to help to ~.
papaw (li-) n. offer for sale; ad-vertisement. (from -bapaza).
-papeh (papezi) v.t. to build a shel-ter with branches. der. sipapela. fig.
to protect (as in putting branches over a killed animal). rel. -papeleb
(papekezi) to ~ for some-one. caus. -papelisa (papelisize) to help to
~. ref. -ipapelela (ipapelezi) to ~ for oneself.
papiso (li-) n. comparison. (from -bapisa).
pasa (li-) n. Eng. pass passport.
-pasar (pasize) v.t. to oyerwhelm. pass. -pasiwa (pasizwe) to be over-
whelmed: Ni pasiwa ki misebezi bunata, I am overwhelmed by many jobs.
-pasa2 (pasize) v.i. Eng. to pass an examination. rel. -paseza (paselize) to
pass (transfer) from one class to another. caus. -pasisa (pasisize) to
promote or upgrade someone.
Paseka n. Greek. Passover. Easter.
pasela (li-) n. thing added to a bar-gain thing offered on the top of a
bargain (from -paselela). syn.– ambeko.
-paselela (paselezi) v.t. to give something extra with goods etc. just sold:
Ba banwi mu baf le pasela na ha mu ni paseleli kwatehi kini? you have
given others something extra with their purchases what about me? der.
pasela.
-pashaela (pashaezi) v.i. to walk with difficulty.
-pasumuka (pasumukile) v.i. to wake up suddenly. cf. -pundumuka. caus. -
pasumukisa (pasumukisize ) or -pasumuna (pasumuzi) to waken up somebody
suddenly; to waken up somebody by thrashing him.
paswa ad;. brown with white spots. (cattle) (referring to female cattle
paswana).
pata1 (li-) n. face forehead. idiom. exp. ku zamayafa pata ya mutu, to
precede someone.
pata2 n. Iuck. good luck: U na ni pata, he has good luck (in gÀtting 3g )
-pab (patile) v.t. to hide to con- ceal. der. mupati muipati buipato maipato
buipati syn. -sheweka -shwateka. fig. to bury. rel. -patela (patezl) to be
secretive with some-one: Mwan'a ka u sike wa ni patela so ezize; my child
do not hide from me what you did, to withhold in-formation or be secretive
for someone. rec. -patelana (patelani or patelanile) to keep secrets
recip-rocally. caus. -patisa (patisize) to help or to cause to ~. stat. -
pateha (patehile) to be hidden to be con-cealed: Mukolo wa luna u patehile
hande our canoe is well hidden int. iatelelela (patelelezi) to keep for
ever a secret from someone. int. -stat. -patahala (patahezi or pa-
tahalile) to be concealable freq. -patanga to be inclined to do things
secretively. inv. -patulula (patuluzi) to bring to light what is hidden to
reveal: Hakuna se si patilwe, se si sike sa patululwa, there is nothing
hidden which won t have to come to light one day red. -pata-pata (pata-
patile) to tend to do things secretively. ref. -ipata (ipatile) to hide
oneself; rel. -ipatela (ipatezi) to hide something for oneself: A mu nife
kanama kaka kani ko ne ni ipatezi maabani, do bring me my little bit of
meat from where I hid it yesterday.
-patahanya (patahanyize) v.t. (1) to tie many things together. (2) to hold
things in both hands (3) to kill two fishes with one spear or to kill two
animals with one shot. (4) to accumulate (S) to hold several offices
(usually at the same time): Ni patahanyize misebezi yemi–ata, I am
overwhelmed with work.
pataka! interj. expressing the sud-denness with which someone awa-kens from a
dream: Ha ni yo li pataka na bona muloi wa mata, sik- walo sa ka si wile!
when I suddenly came out of my dream I saw my door on the ground and the
sor-cerer running away.
-patalala (patalalile or patalezi) v.i. to dawn (to grow light or to become
evident): Lu ka funduka masa ha ka patalala, we start our journey at dawn.
syn. -sa, -yandu-luka.
-patalaza1 (patalalize) v.t. to scatter, to make known.
patalaza2, adv. frankly. openly: Ku bulela patalaza, to speak openly.
-patama (patami or pktamile) v.i. to lie fiat. caus. (1) -patamisa patami-
size) to cause to ~ ¥ to level: Ku pa-tamisa mubu, to level the ground.
(2) -patameka (patamekile) to level.
pata-pata (li- or ma-) n. sandals, tropicals.
pate1 (li-) n. bedding.
pate2 (li-) n. meal mealie used to make uncooked mash.
-pateha (patehile) v.i. to be busy, to be overworked. der. mipateho. cf. -
swaleha. caus. -patehisa (patehisize) to keep someone busy. ref. -ipate-
hisa (ipatehisize) to make oneself busy; to pretend to be busy: U ipa-
tehisa za buhata, ha na sa eza, he pretends to be busy while he has
nothing to do.
-pateka1 (patekile) v.t. to put some-thing between one's legs: Ha bona linja
li matela ku yena, a saba ku li nata, a pateka mulamu wa hae; when he saw
the dogs running to him he was afraid to beat them and so he hid his
walking stick be-tween his legs.
-pateka2 (patekile) w.t. to give gene-rously. fig. to rain abundantly, to
soak in, to wet.
-patela1 (patezi) v.t. to surround in order to take by surprise, to
belea- guer, to besiege, to blockade.
-patela2 (patezi) v.t. to put on skins for the liomboko ceremony (paddl-ers);
to put on skins for a dance.
patelo (li-) n. space in the centre of a village, public place.
vtin (patisize) v.t. to take by sur-prise, to catch unawares.
-patisana (patisani or patisanik) v.i. to be narrow (gate, space between
houses, yards. etc.); to lack space, room: Mwa ndu ya ka ku patisani
hahulu, libyana ki ze–ata; in my house we need more space for there is too
much furniture.
pato (li-) n. kind of domestic goose (mute).
vtoka (patokik) v.t. to go and meet someone expected. syn. -ka-hnyeza. caus.
-patokisa (patoki-size) to accompany someone going to meet an expected
person.
-patula (patuzi) v.t. Luyana. to cut. to break a string. syn. -puma. freq. -
pataula (patauzi) or -patola (patozi) to cut into pieces.
-pahbh (p tuiuXile) v.i. to come to light; to come evident. see-pata. Taba ya
hao i se i patuluhile, your case is already known by everyone.
-patuib (patuhzi) v.t. to bring to light. to reveal (see -pata).
-p za (pazize) v.t. to scarify. to vac-cinate, to incise. der. mupJzi, pzo,
sip ziso, mupazezo. cf.: -taka rel. -pazez (psuelize) to ~ for some-one. c
us. -paz~ (p zisize) to help to ~. int. -pazeleza (pazelelize) to cover
the body with scarification. rec. ozana (pazani or paz nile) to make
scarifications on one an-other. freq. -pawanga to be inclined to scarify.
inv. -pawlula (pawhzl) to incise old scarifications in order to enlarge
them. red. ¥) -p za-p z (paza-pauize) to make light inci- sions; b) -
pazaka (pazakile) to make deep incisions in many places on the body. ref.
-ipaza (ipa-zize) to scarify oneself.
-pazima (psuimile) v.i. to twinkle, to glitter, (sun, stars, water). cf. -
benya. caus. -pazimisa (pazimisize) to cause glit(ering.
pazo (li-) n. scarification, incision. (from -paza).
-pawh (pazubile) v.i. to split; to burst as under: Mu ngongotele hande
libala, li ka pazuha. nail the plank carefully otherwise it will split.
cf. -hahuha. int. -pawhelela (pazuhelezi) to split, to burst thor-oughly.
freq. -pazauha (pazaubile) to be torn to pieces. cf. -landauka.
-p wla (p wzi) v.t. (1) to split, to chop: Mu pazule likota, chop the fire-
wood. (2) to operate, to make an operation: Ni ka ya kwa sipatela ba yo ni
pazula; I shall go to hospi-tal to undergo an operation. (3) to tear into
pieces (cloth. paper, etc ) syn. -shanona fig. (1) to pass through a
 village, to cross a coun-try: Nzila ya Nanikelako, i pazula
Mulenenifahali; the way to Nani-kelako passes through the Capital (2) to
rise (sun, moon, etc.): Lizazi li pazuzi a lu zamaye–i cwale; it is
sunrise, let us go now (3) to germi-nate: Lipeu za luna li se li pazula,
our seeds have germinated. der. mupazuli, sipawliso. rel. -pawlela (p
zukzi) to chop for someone. fig. to rise: Lizazi li lu pazulezifa naka,
sunrise found us on the river. caus. -p zulisa (pazulisize) to order or to
help to chop. int. -pazu-lelda (pazuleizi) to chop every-thing.
peba (li-) ¥. mouse.
-pec b (pecuzl) v.t. to add sugar to any kind of beer in order to make it
strong. der. sipecu, sipeculelo, si-peculiso,
peka (ma-) n. Eng. a metre or there-abouts of cloth (also lipeka).
peku! interj. expressing the accom-plishment of an action: Na mu bona a nata
kanyunywani, a ka li peku! 1 saw him hitting a bird and down it came!
-pekula1 (pekuzi) v.t. to purify with medicines.
-pekula2 (pekuui) v.t. to hit, to kill (birds, hares, etc.)
pelekelo n. (la Pelekelo) Saturday (meaning the day on which wages are paid).
see -beleka.
pelekiso (li-) n. way in which some-one is employing workers: Pelekiso ya hae
kwa batu imaswe, the way in which he deals with workers is reprehensible.
(from -beleka).
peleko (li-) n. paid employment. (from -beika).
pelela (li-) n. Eng. pearl.
pelesa (li-) n. riding horse or ox; pack-animal.
-pelemeka (peiemekile) v.t. to cheat, to deceive. der. mupeEmeki, bupe-
lemeki. syn. -belemeka, -puma, -onga.
-peletela tpeletezi) v.t. Eng. to spell. caus. -peletis (pektisize) to teach
spelling.
peli, ¥dj. two: libuka zepeli, two books.
-peluka (pelukile) v.i. to dance sipelu. der. sipelu. rec. -peikana (pelukani
or pelukanile) to dance closely together (two people) fig. (1) to fight: U
ka bona lu ka pelu-kana zazi lelihwi, mane yomuhwi a holofale, you will
see, one day we shall come to blows and one of us will be hurt. (2) to get
deteriorated
-pembei (pembezi) v.i. to walk about to perambulate.
-penda (pendiBe) v.t. Eng. to paint (house painting) (2) to vaccinate, to
inoculate: Likornu li pendilwc maabani, the cattle were inocu-lated
yesterday. der. mupendi, bF pendi, mupende, sipendiso. ef. -basa. rel. -
pendeb (pensizi) to ~ for someone. caus. -pendisa (pe di-size) to order or
to help to ~. ref. -ipendela (ipendezi) to paint for oneself: Ki na ya
ipendezi ndu ya ka, I painted my house without any help.
pene1 (lis) n. Eng. slate pencil;pene ya enge, pen, fountain pen.
pene2 (li-) or ma-) n. Eng. penny.
pene e! interj. (1) expressing the state of being flooded: I se ili munda
owk, kuli penenc! it is the tlood season now, there is water everywhere!
(2) unlocked: ku sfya kwa ndu pcnene! to leave a house unlocked.
-pengaub (penpuzi) v.i. to walk fast, hurrying because of fear. rel. -peng
ulda (penpuizi) to ~ in a cenain direction. cgus. -penpulis (pengaulisize)
to cause to ~.
-pengub (penguxi) v.t. to fight. rec. -pengulana (pengulani or pengula-nile)
same meaning. ref. -ipengul (ipenguz~) same meaning: Kacenu lu ka
pengulana, today we sahil come to blows.
-penuka (penukile) v.i. to be turned up. (hat brim).
-penula (penuzi) or -penuna (penuzi) v.t. to turn up (the brim of a hat).
peo, n. ecc, imposition, laying on (of hand) (from -beya). peo ya mazoho
ordination.
pepa1 (1K) n. Iime, chalk.
pepa2 (ma-) n. Eng. paper, sheet of paper. syn. pampili.
-pepa3(pepik) v.t. (1) to give binh (2) to carry a child on the back. der.
mupepi, mupepisi, lupepo. syn. - shema cf. -zwala. pass. -pepwa (pe-
pilwe) to be born: Lizazi la ku pepwa, birthday. cf. -simwa rel. -pepela
(pepezi) to give children to someone: MusalEye ne ni nyezi na ni pepezi
twana totulalufeela: my first wife gave me three children only. spec. exp.
Ku pepela mwa mabu, to give binh to children who die in-fancy or
childhood. caus. -pepisa (pepisize) to attend someone giving birth; to
lift up a child onto someone's back. inv. -pepulula (pe-puluzl) to take a
child down from one's own or somebody else's back.
-pepela (pepezi) v.i. to wave (flag) to flap (birds). to float about in the
air (leaves). caus. -pepelisa (pepeli-size) to cause to ~: Moya u pepelisa
matali mwahalimu, the wind is blowing the leaves high in the sky
-pepeza (pepelize) v.t. to attract Aamorously) to seduce; to ensnare. der.
mupepezi.
-peta1 (petile) v.t. to repeat to recite. der. mupeti mupetisi. rel. -petela
(petezi) to recite for some-one. caus. -petisa (petisize) to make people
repeat something by hean or after one.
-peta2 (petile) v.t. Sotho to achieve to accomplish to finish comple-tely
der. mupeti peto petahalo. syn. -feza. rel. -petela (petezi) to achieve
for someone caus. -petisa (petisize) to cause to accomplish to make
perfect. stat. peteha (pete-hile) to be completed; to be per-fect: mutu ya
petehile, a perfect man int. -petelela (petelezi) to bring to complete and
perfect end: Lu se lu petelezi musebezi wa luna, we have completely and
satisfac-torily finished our work. Int. -stat. -petahala (petahezl or
petahalile) to become accomplished: lWulelo u petahalik, the plan was
realized.
petahala (petahalile) v.i. to become accomplished (see -peta2).
petahalo (1o) n. accomplishment fulfilment. (from -petahala)
peto n. accomplishment: Ki peto it is finished that is all. (from -pet‡2)
petubelo (lis) n. rebellion revolu-tion. (from -fetuha).
petuho (li-) n. change. (from -fetuha)
petulo (IF) n. translation (from -fetula).
petulu or petulo n. Eng. petrol.
peu (li-) n. seed. fig. progeny post-erity cf. toze.
peuk (li-) n. European axe. cf silepe.
pf! or ph ! ixterj. expressing that food is finished: ku li pf! no more left
!
pi! interj. expressing the sudden ga-thering of people animals birds etc. Na
lu yo kumbuluka mano–u seilf pi, fa komu ye ne bolezi mwa nahe–i! all of a
sudd`en we saw the vultures swoop down on the cow rotting in the veldt.
picu! interj. expressing sudden di-sappearance: Wahesu u ezize picu! ha ni sa
ziba ni kwa keni, my friend disappeared suddenly and I do not know where
he has gone
-picuka (picukile) v.i. to dodge. der. mupicuki. cf. -pima rel. -picukela
(picukezi) to dodge someone for a reason. caw. -picukisa (picukisize) to
cause to dodge int. -picukelela (picukelezi) to completely elude: U ni
picukelezi, na sa lati ku zamaya ni na, he completely eluded me because he
did not want to go with me. m. -picukana (picukanl or pi-cukanile) to
avoid each other: Kanti mu picokani cwa–i ni mu-haenu7 how did you manage
to avoid each other? freq. a) -picu- kanga to elude frequently; b) -pi-
cauka or -picoka (picaukile or pico-kile) (1) to shirk: ku picauka muse-
bezi, to eschew work. (2) to meander: Lyambai ki nuka ye pi-cauka hahulu,
the Zambezi River meanders very much; Ni liyehile bake–isa mukwakwa ku
picoka, I am late because the road meanders about.
pifo (II-) n. kind of small rodent.
-piha (pihile) v.t. (1) to discuss to debate to argue: ku piha ka–i, to
quarrel; (2) to bet. der. sipiho. syn. -kanana. rel. -pihela (pihezi) to
argue about something; to pretend to do something: Mutu yo u pihela ku
feza botolo ya wisiki; this man boasts that he can drink a full bottle of
whisky at one go. c us. -pihisa (pihisize) to cause contra-diction. rec. -
pihisana (pihisani or pihisanile) to exchange strong ar-guments; to bet -
pihelana (pihelanl or pihelanile) same meaning. freq. -pihanga to be used
to arguing: Wena u pihanga ze sina tuso, you are used to arguing about
nothing all the time.
-pihekla (pihelezi) v.l. & v.t. to insist to endeavour to persevere to strive
for. der. pihelelo. syn. -hn-damena -tiseza. caus. -pihelelisa
(pihelelisiize) to cause persever-ence.
pihelelo n. perseverence in-sistance endeavour. (from-pihe-lela) syn. tiisezo
tundameno mutun-dameti.
piho (li-) n. report. (from -biha).
-pika (pikile) v.t. to cause pain in the side (pneumonia syn. -taba. pass. -
pikwa (pikilwe) to feel pain in one's side: Ni pikilwe hahulu kacenu, I
have a terrible pain in my side today. stat. -pikeha (pike-hile) to feel
as though stabbed in one's side
piki1 (li ) n. EnB. pick-axe.
piki2 (li-) n. Ioop.
-pikita (pikitile) v.t. to rub. (med): Ku pikita mutu mulyani, to rub someone
with medicine (ointment etc.) der. mupikitl. syn. -sindula. flg. to make
someone feel pain. rel. -pikitela (pikitezi) to rub on someone's behalf: A
ku yo ki ni pi-kitela mukuli wa ka, please go and rub my patient with the
ointment. c us. -pikitisa (pikkisize) to help to rub. rec. -pikitana
(pikitani or piki-tanile) to rub each other (when taking a bath). int. -
pikiteleb (piki-telezi) to put ointment on the whole body. ref. -ipikita
(ipikitile) to rub oneself.
-pikuluha (pikuluhile) v.i. to roll to turn to tumble: Lifasi li pikuluha ka
bunya, the earth rotates very slowly. der. pikuluho. rel. -pikulu-hela
(pikuluhezi) to roll towards. caw. -pikulwa (pikulusize) to roll to turn:
Ku tata ku pikulusa liewe le-lituna, it is difficult to roll a large
stone.
pikuluho n. rotation. (from -piku-luha).
-pila (pilile) v.i. & v.t. to live: U. pila cwa–ai? how are you? Ni pila
bupilo bo butata, I am leading a hard life. der. bupilo mupilisi ma-
pilelo. syn. -yoya. rel. -pilela (pilezi) to live for to live with the
help of: ku pilela za lifasi, to live a wordly life; ku pilela ku mutu, to
live with the help of someone. caus. -pilisa (pilisize) to give life; to
treat well, to nourish, to sustain; to heal- to save from danger. int. -
pi-lelela (pilelezi) to come safely out of a very serious sickness. rec. -
pi-lisana (pilisani or pilisanile) to care for each other or one another:
ku pilisana hande, to care a great deal
for each other, ku pilisana maswe to lack mutual understanding. red -pOa-
pila (pila-pilile) to live avoid-ing difficulties. ref. -40isa (ipili-
size) to live by oneself to be self-reliant to be self-sufficient to be
materially independent.
pil elo (li-) n. discontentment dis-appointment; doubt perplexity;
recrimination complaint (from -bOaeb).
pili1 (1) adj. first; former: lizazi la pili the first day. (2) adv. I for-
merly before first firstly. Pililika ne li a'pile, formerly goods were
cheaper than at present. (3) prep. before in front fapili a, fapil'a
kwapili a, kwapil'a; Fapil'a mutapi wa litou ku zamayanga kamita nkungulu,
there is always a large bull elephant walking in front of | the herd: pili
ku wena, pili2 hao: before you.
pili;2 (1; ) n. penis. syn. -suko ne nba.
pilu (li-) n. (1) heart: Ni katazwa ki pilu kacenu, today I am suffering from
palpitations. (2) core: pilu ya kota, the core of a tree. (3) pilu ya peu,
the germ of a seed. fig. exp. pilutata, courage good temper patience;pilu
tomoha: mercy, com-passion sympathy; Piluyensu, sad-ness; pilu-seta, envy;
pilu-telek or pilu-tuna, patience; pilu zepeli, (I ) insincerity
dissimulation; (2) hesi-tation; pilu-yemaswe, bad temper impatience,
irritableness, pilu-kulu, wickedness pilu ye shwile, bad temper.
-piluka (plhkile) v.i. to become dis-coloured to fade: Lisila la ka la
piluka, the colour of my material is fading. fig. to have a capricious
character. caus. -pilukisa (piluki-size) ’o cause to fade to discolour.
int. -pilukelela (pilukelelezi) to wash out.
I
-pima1 (pimile) v.t. to shirk to elude to escape. cf. -picuka. rel. -pimda
(pÇmezi) to avoid: Na a ni bonifo ka pimeia taba ye, i ku sweli: I cannot
see how you will avoid punish-ment for the case is going against you.
caus. -pimisa (pimisize) to help to avoid (danger).
-pima2 (pimile) v.t. to take measurements (suit); to make a land survey. c
us. -pimisa (pimi-size) to assist to ~. (see likanya).
-pimpa-pimpa (pimpa-pimpile) v.t. to give avariciously, with subse-quent
regrets. der. mapimp pimpi. c us. -pimpa-pimpisa (pimpapimpi-size) to
cause to ~.
pina1 (li-) n. song hymn; tune; dance. (from -bina).
-ina2 (pinOe) v.t. Eng. to pin to clip.
-pindula (pinduzi) v.t. to lift up: Xu pindula meto, to turn up the eye lid.
rel. -pindulda (pindulezi) to ~ for someone: A mu ni pindulele mushi-mani
lEito, mu zwise kokwani ye mu keni; please turn up the boy's eye lid and
take out the insect which is in his eye.
-pindhmuka (pindumukile) v.i. to turn over when Iying down; to roll. cf. -
pikuluha. e
-pindumuna (pindumuzi) v.t. to roll: ku pindumuna kota, to roll a log. der.
mupinthmuni. cf. -pikulusa. rd. -pindumunela (pindumunezi) to roll
towards; to roll for someone. caus. -pidumunba (pindumunisue) to help to
roll.
pini (li-) n. Eng. pin nursery pin; brooch.
-pinya (pinyize) v.i. to let wind nois-ily to fart rel. -pinyeza (pinyelize)
to cause embarrassment by letting wind noisily. fig. exp. ku sa pinyeza
mwa mba, to speak out frankly. tsus. Sinyisa (pinyisize) to cause
flatulence. fig. to throttle.
pio (li-) n. kidney.
pipi (li-) n. Eng. pipe. (for smoking).
pipii! interj. expressing nauseous loathsome kind of odour: ku li pipEi! it
stinks!
-pipita (pipitile) v.i. to get purulent. caus. -pipiffsa (pipitisize) to
cause purulence.
pisinjsi (li-) n. Eng. business.
pita (li-) n. sternum (anat*) brisket.
-pitiEna (pitihani or pitihanile) v.i. to be overcrowded to lack space to be
huddled up: Batu ba pitihani hahulu, hakuna ko nif ta, it is over-crowded
and I cannot get through. der. simpiti. syn. -titihana. caus. -pitihanya;
(pitihanyize) to press together. to huddle to put too close together: Ku
maswe ku pitihanya malapa; it is bad not to leave enough space between
houseyards.
-pitika1 (pitikile) v.i. (1) to sleep rest-lessly due to illness or pain.
syn. -alabana. (2) to move disorderly (like barble fish in shallow water)
(3) to walk with difficulty (like a fat person). caus. -pitikisa (pitiki-
size) to cause to ~.
-pitika2 (pitikile) v.i. to turn over on the ground (like a horse a dog etc.)
caus. -pitikisa (phikisize) to cause to ~: PiziyanisesEipitikisa cwalo ki
ku lata ku bapala; that horse is rolling over like that be-cause it enjoys
playing. syn. -ala-bana.
pitikoti (li-) n. Eng. petticoat.
piza pizana pizani (li-) n. pot (ear-then pot), cooking pot.
pizi (li-) n. horse; pizi ya mwa nahefii, zebra.
pizo (li-) n. call, calling, invitation: Ku na ni pizo ya sicaba kwa Mule-ne–
i there is a public call to go to the Capital. (from -biza).
po! inter;. crack ! (sound made by a dry piece of wood when breaking).
poba (pobile) v.t. to break open.
-poboka (pobokile) v.i. to be broken at the bottom: Piza ya ka i pobokile kwa
lilaho, my pot is broken at the bottom.
-pobokela (pebokezi) v.i. to fall through {litindi), to fall right through.
-pobola (pobozi) v.t. to wound with a stick (usually on the head). syn. -
pwacula. Kl. -pebolela (pebeEzi) to anger someone by wounding with a
stick. frq. -pobaub (pohazi) to strike severely with a stick; ku po-baula
ka macwe, to stone. rec. ~ baulana (pobaul ni or pabauhnile) to strike
each other severely on the head. ref. -ipobaula (ipDbauzi) as rec.
-poboza (pobolize) v.i. to enjoy life having all what one needs.
pofu1 (li-) n. cape eland.
pofu2 (li-) n. cyst: Pofu i ni melilefa li–wele ni tokwile ya ni zwisa yona,
a cyst has grown on my knee and I need someone to cut it out.
-pofwsela (pofwsezi) v.i. to cough harshly (as an old person).
pofwateka (pof vstekile) v.t. to throw down repeatedly (when wrestling).
poho (li-) n. bull; male. fig. impor-tant, clever person.
poh vana (li-) n. young bull.
pokoto (li- or ma-) n. Eng. pocket.
polepole, adv. slowly, carefully: Ha mu fta mwa tolopo mu zamaise mota
polepole, when you go into town, drive carefully.
poll (li-) n. kafffir corn blackened by drought before being ripe.
poliso1 (li-) n. corruption. (from -boh).
poliso2 (li-) n. recovery. healing (from -fola).
-polokota (polokotile) v.i. to be stiff (like a hide or a newly starched
cloth).
-polofita (polofitile) v.t. Eng. to pro-phesy. der. mupolofita, bupolofita.
polofiti (li-) n. Eng. profit, gain.
-polola (polozi) v.t. to clean, to polish (walking stick, curios, etc.) to
rub in the hands (grains, fruits, etc.) der. sipololiso. cf. -shokona.
-polyana (polyani or polyanile) v.i. to walk out of the path (in thick bush)
syn. -pulyana, -palyaela. caw. -polyanisa (polyanisize) to cause people to
walk through thick bush: Wena ha u ndambo hande, u lu poly-anisafeela; you
are certainly not a good guide, because you take us through bush.
-polyomeka (polyomekile) v.t. to in-trude: Wena ki–i ha u polyomeka mutu ya
si ka memEwa? why do you bring in someone who has not been invited? ref. -
ipolyomeka (ipolyomekile) to rush in, to burst in: U n'o sa lukeli ku
ipolyomeka fela u sa ngongoti; you had no right to rush in without first
knocking at the door.
polyoo! inter;. expressing the act of intruding suddenly, unexpectedly into a
house. syn. Iekete!
pombwe (li-) n. baboon.
-pomoka (pomokile) v.i. to bleed profusely (at the nose) to have ab-normal
menses. syn. -pwacuka fig.
-pompa (pompile) v.t. Eng. to pump, to inflate- to give a clyster. fig. to
enjoy drinking, to drink too much. der. mupompi, pompi. rel. -pompela
(pompezi) to pump for someone. caus. -pompisa (pompisize) to help to pump.
stat. -pompeha (pompe-hile) that which can be pumped: Njinga ya ka i pala
 ku pompeha, my bicycle cannot be pumped up. Inv. -pompolola (pompolozi) to
deflate.
pompi (li-) n. Eng. pump, syringe; pipe (water pipe); tap. fig. drunk-ard.
(from -pompa).
ponahalo (li~) n. appearance, vision, view: Sibaka seha si na ponahalo hande
ya mezi a munda, from this place there is no open view of the flooded
plain. (from bona).
ponahazo (li-) n. (1) exhibition: Ni isa nja ya ka kwa ponahazo ya limu-nanu,
l am taking my dog to the exhibition of domestic animals; (2) emblems.
symbol: Ndembela ki po-nahazo ya naha, the flag is the symbol of a nation.
pondo (li- or ma-) n. Eng. pound sterling, sovereign.
-pondola (pondozi) v.i. to be di-rected backwards (horns of cattle): Komu
yani i pondozi hande, that cow has horns gracefully pointing backwards.
der. mupondo-lelo. syn. -lema.
-pongana (pongani or ponganile) v.i. to become incapable of work due to old
age, infirmity or drinking: Mutu yo sa ponganisizwe ki matuku ku kopanya
ni micomibi, this man has become impotent through ill-ness and drinking.
caus. -ponganba (ponganisize) to cause unfitness. int. -ponganelela
(ponganelezi) to become completely unfit. ref. -iponganisa (iponganisize)
to be re-sponsible for one's own unfitness: U iponganisize isali wena, it
is your own fault if you are worn out.
poniso (li-) n. exhibition, show; sign. cf. sisupo. (from -bona).
ponkisi (li- or ma-) n. Eng. box.
pono (li-) n. sight, view, scenery; vision. (from -bona).
poo! interj. expressing coolness and (figuratively) quietness, stillness:
Mezi a maliha a bata a li poo! water is very cold in winter; nifumani mwa
hae kwa bata ku li poo! I found nobody in the village, it was abso- lutely
quiet.
popo (li- or ma-) n. Eng. pawpaw. sny simpubila.
-ponponga (popongile) v.t. to break stalks (as cattle in a maize, kaffir corn
field). rel. -popongela (po-pongezi) to destroy someone's crop in grazing
in a corn field: Likomu li ni popongezi mbonyi ya ka mwa simu, the cattle
destroyed my maize when grazing in my field. int. -popongelela
(pongongelezi) to eat and completely destroy a corn field.
popotwani (II-) n. skin worn by men long ago. (as a kilt).
-posa (posize) v.t. to throw, to dart, to fling, to sling. der. muposi,
siposo. syn. -nepa. fig. to cast a spell. rel. -poseza (poselize) to throw
against. caus. -posisa (posi-size) to cause to throw. rec. -posana (posani
or posanile) Fig. to cast a spell on each other. freq. a) -posanga to have
the habit of th-rowing. fig. of casting spells; b) -posaka (posakile) to
throw repeat-edly; ref. -iposa (iposize) as rec.
-posita (positile) v.t. Eng. to post, to mail. der. poso. rel. -positela
(posi-tezi) to post for someone; to mail to someone. ref. -ipositela
(iposi-tezi) to post one's own mail: U sike wa yo posita li–olo le, ni ka
ipositela lona, do not post this letter, for I shall post it myself.
posoa (li-) n. Eng. post mail; post office; (from -posita).
poso2 (li-) n. fault, mistake, blunder. syn. foso. (from -fosa).
-posopa (posopile) v.i. & v.t. Afrik. to be careful; to take care of . syn. -
tokomela.
-pota (potile) v.i. to visit, to go round visiting. der. mupoti, bupoti,
mapotelo. cf. -lekula. rel. -potela (potezi) to visit someone. caus. -
potisa (potisize) to accompany someone for a walk. rec. -potelana
(potelani) to visit each other. freq. -potanga to make a habit of visit-
ing. red. -pota-pota (pota-potile) to go for a walk. ref. -ipotela
(ipotezi) to walk or go for a walk by oneself: Kacenu ni yo ipotela kwa
Mongu, today I shall take a walk to Mongu.
poto (li~) n. Eng. iron pot, three-legged pot. fig. a healthy person.
-potobha (potolohile) v.i. & v.t. to make a detour; to go round a thing. der.
mupotoloho. syn. -ngon-joloka, cf. -tinguluka. fig. not to go straight to
the point when talking. rel. -potolohela (potolohezi) to make a detour in
a certain direc-tion: Potolohela kwanu, come round this way. caus. -
potolohisa (potolohisize) to cause to go round, to take round. red. -poto-
loha-potoloha (potoloha-potolohile) not to go straight.
potoloto (li-) n. Afrik lead pencil.
pu! idioph. kuli pu! refers to the sound made by anything falling down. cf.
twi!
puci! inter;. expressing annoyance for one's forgetfulness: Ba ni swa-lele ni
libezi, pua'! I have comple-tely forgotten, please excuse me!
-puelela (puelezi) v.t. to paddle in the rear of a canoe for someone hunting
or fishing in the prow. der. mupuelell.
puho, n. admiration. (from -buha).
puisano (li-) n. Sotho. conversation. (from -bua).
puka1 (li-) n. dew. fig. exp. Bufumu ki puka wealth is nothing but dew.
-pukai (pukile) v.t. to sip, to drink. der. mupuki, mupukelo, sipukiso. rel.
-pukela (pukezi) to drink some-thing intended for someone else: Ki mani ya
ni pukezi tfi ya ka? who has drunk my tea. caus. -pukisa (pukisize) to
help to ~: Mu pukise mukuli mufukulo wa hae, help the patient to take his
light food. stat. -pukebs (pukehik) drinkable. int. -pukekla (pukelezi) to
drink the whole amount. red. -puka-puka (puka-pukile) to drink a small
quantity. ref. -ipukisa (ipukisize) to be able oneself to drink: Mukuli wa
luna sa kona ku ipukisa mufukulo our patient is now able to ta!ce some
light food himself.
vkula (pukuzi) v.t. to take off a worn piece of cloth in order to re-place it
by a new one. fig. to bit off (dogs, etc.) rel. -pukulela (pukulezi) to ~
for someone. cau& pukulisa (pukuliisize) to help to ~. fig. to cause to
bite: Ki wena ya ni pukuli-size np, it is your fault that the dog came for
me.
tkums (pukumile) v.i. to rustle (Icaves).
-pukumana (pukumani or pukuma-nile) v.i. to be sitting in a way which bothers
others. caus. -puku-manisa (pukumanisize) to cause to ~.
-pukuta1 (pukutile) v.t. to pump bel-lows der. mupukuti, mapukuta. rel. -
pukutela (pukutezl) to ~ for someone. caus. -pukutisa (pukuti-size) to
order or to help to ~.
-pukuh2 (pukutile) v.t. to rub in order to remove dirt, to cleanse: ku pukuta
likatulo, to clean shoes-ku pukuta mutu, to wash someone. syn. -pikita, -
sindula. cf. -kolopa. rel. -pukutela (pukutezi) to wash, to cleanse for
someone. caus. -puku-tisa (pukutisize) to help to rub. ref. -ipukuta
(ipukutile) to wash oneself thoroughly.
-pukuta3 (pakutile) v.i. to be too large, to be oversize: Bulukwe bwa ka bwa
pukuta, my trousers are too large for me.
-pukwala (pukwalile) v.i. to be weedy; to be hairy.
pula1 (li-) n. rain; lightning: Pula kacenu u nelile hahulu, the rain has
been heavy today; Pula i lengile mutu mabani manzibwana, a man was struck
by lightning yesterday evening; pulaya simbwewewe, heavy ha!l storm;pulaya
lilolo, persistent ram.
-pula2 (pulile) v.t. to thresh corn. syn. -tanala. fig. to thrash some-one:
ku pula mutu, to beat some-one. der. mupuli, sipuliso. rel. -pulela
(pulezi) to thresh for some-one. caus. -pulisa (pulisize) to order or to
help to thresh. stat. -puleha (pulehile) maize, etc. ready for th-reshing:
Mabele a omile a puleha hande, dry com is good for thresh ing. int. -
publela (pulelezi) to com-pletely thresh. freq. -pulaka (pub-kile) fig. to
strike repeatedly. ref. -ipulela (ipulezi) to thresh for one-self.
-pula3 (pulile) v.t. to eat raw cassava, carrots, etc. syn. -pulukuta.
pulalti (liu) n. Eng. plate, dish.
-pulama (pulami or pulamile) v.i. Luyana. to forget. syn. -libala.
pulana (li-) n. space between rocks in rapids; space between house-yards.
syn. pakana.
pulanga (ma-) n. Eng. plank, syn. Iibala.
pulao (li-) n. murder. (from -bulaya).
pulayano (li-) n. bloodshed. fig. great misunderstanding (from -bulaya).
puletl (li-) n. Eng. play, game fig. nuisance: He ni lati lipulei, 1 do not
like nuisance.
pulelo (li-) n. saying, word: Hakuna pulelo ya bulezi, he did not say a
single word. (from -bulela).
-pulena (pulenile) v.t. Eng. to plane. der. puleni. syn. -beta.
puleni (li-) n. Eng. wood-plane. (from -pulena).
puli (lil-) n. goat.
pulu (lis or ma-) n. ox, bullock. fig. a man unable to beget, to procreate; a
woman unable to bear children.
-puluha (pulubile) v.i. (1) to be safe, to escape dangerã to escape death.
(2) to successfully give birth. syn. -punyuha.
pulukelo (lis) n. box in which valu-able goods are kept; a safe. (from -
buika).
-puluka (puikile) v.i. Luyana. to re-member. syn. -hupula.
puluko (lil-) n. rescue; salvation, re-demption. (from -buluka).
-pulukusha (puikushiize) v t. to look for, to search in darkness. ref. -ipu-
lukusha (ipulukushize) to look for money, etc. to enable one to buy
something or pay a fine: Ni sa yo ipulukusha shangwe ku ba batela mali a
bona, it is all right sir, I am going to look for the money in order to
pay the fine.
-pulukuta (pulukutile) v.t. to eat raw cassava, carrots, etc. syn. -pub. fig.
to slander.
pulukve (li-) 1l. round object; ball used in a girls game.
-pululeza (pululelize) v.i. to go through: Ha muf ta mwa minzi, mu pululeze
Sela mu sike mwa lula, when you come to the villages just pass through, do
not stop. cf. -fite-leb. fi8. to speak frankly.
pululu! interj. expressing (1) the colour of the rain falling close by: ku
ize pululu! it is all grey with rain. cf. setee (1) (2) the greyness of
hair: Bai sa li pulutu kwa toho: gosh ! he is aiready completely grey
haired !
-puluma (pulumile) v.i. to roar (lion der. mupulumelo, cf. -bopa. rel. -pu-
lumela (pulumezi) to roar some-where: Tau kacenu ne i pulumela kwa wiko,
today a lion was roaring somewhere to the west caus. lumis (pulumidze) to
cause to roar.
-pulumulia (pulumukile) v.i. to become mad, insane: Np ye pulu-muka, a rabid
dog. der. sillulumuki, _lumuki. syn. -tanya. rel. - 1> mukel (pulumukezi)
(1) to show one's madness by leaving the ordi-nary way of life: Mushimqn
'a ka u ilo pulumukela mwa mushitu, my servant went to the forest showing
signs of madness; (2) to consider someone to be dim: Ki–i ha u ni pu-
lumukela cwalo wena, ha u na likute? why do you not show re-spect to me,
are you crazy? caus. -puhmukis (puhmukisize) or (pulu nuzi) to cause mad-
ness: Batu ba ba–ata ba pulumu-kiswa ka ku taa milyani yemaswe, `many
people suffer from madness caused by witchcraft medicines. int.
vlumukelela (pulilmukelezi) to become mad with no hope of recovery. ref. -
ipulumukisa (ipule mukisize) or -ipulumuna (ipulu-muzi) rtg. to make a
fool of one-self: U sike wa no ipulumukisanga cwalo, ku lwananga ze sina
tuso; do not make a fool of yourself by fighting over trifling matters.
-pulus (pulusize) v.t. to rescue, to save. der. mupulusi. ref. -ipulusa
(ipulusize) to save oneself.
pulv a! interj. expressing sudden escape: Kakaze ka zwa mwa ndu ka li pulwa!
the cat is escaping from the house!
pulsnna (ma-) n. a young bull.
-pulyana (pulyani or pulyanik) v.i. see -polyana.
-pulyana-uulyana (pulyana-pulya- nile) v.i. to pass through thick bush.
pulya-pulya ! or pulyaka-pulyaka ! (ni utwa ~) idioph. imitating the sound
made when something is passing through thick bush.
-puma (pumile) v.t. to cheat to de-ceive to delude to beguile to betray. der.
mupumi bupumi mu-pumelo sipumiso. syn. -onga. -bele-meka -pelemeka. rel. -
pumela (pumezi) to ~ on behalf of some-one. caus. -pumisa (pumisize) to
cheat: to promise being unsure of one's ability to fulfil that promise: Ku
pumisa mutu sika u sa mufi.vona ku maswe it is bad to cheat some-one by
m‡king a promise knowing that one will be unable to keep it stat. -pumeha
(pumehile) fig. to enjoy good living: Ku pumeha kwa mwanana ki ku ca
hande, a child is happy when living comfortably. rec. -pumana (pumani or
pumanile) to ~ each other. freq. -pumanga to ~ very often red. -puma-puma
(puma-pumile) to cheat playfully. ref. -ipuma (ipumile) to deceive
oneself; to speak vainly: Wena u ipumafela, za hao ki za buhata, you are
just deceiving yourself you know you are Iying.
-puma2 (pumile) v.t. to cut off to amputate; ku puma ka sikele, to clip;
nzila ye puma, short-cut. der. mupumi sipumiso. cfi -lema. fig. (1) to
decide or conclude a case decide on it (2) to set off for war Na ni
pepilwe silimo se ba puma ndwa ya LuvalŽ, I was born in the year when they
set off against the Luvale cf. -kema -tema. rel. -pumela (pumezi) to cut
for some-one: A ku ni pumele kwate–i kanama ka ka tunanyana, cut for me a
rather large piece of meat. caus. -pumisa (pumisize) to help to cut. stat.
-pumeha (pumehile) to be easily cut off or broken off. fig. exp. Xu
pumeha-moyo, to breathe one's last. int. -pumebla (pumelezi) to cut
completely; to take a short-cut red. -puma-puma (puma-pumile) to cut off a
part: Mu sike mwa pumelela bucwani, mu puma-pume totunyingyanifela, do not
cut all the grass but only some of it. ref. -ipuma (ipumile) to cut
oneself: Ni ipumile munwana ka chapu, l cut off one of my fingers with an
axe. flg. exp. ku ipumela lucwa–i, to end a quarrel to be of equal
strength
-pumata (pumatile) v.t. to keep something in the mouth: MusalEyo se si sa mu
bulelisi hande, ki kuli u pumatile mubula, this woman cannot speak well
because she has a mubula fruit in her mouth rel. -pumatela (pumatezi) to
keep in the mouth for: Ni boni– wanyi i puma-tezi bana ba yona-lico, l saw
a fish-eagle giving beakfuls of food to its young. caus. -pumatisa
(pumatisize) to give someone a thing to keep in the month: Nako u mu
pumatisize mulyani wa mazambo, the doctor gave him some tablets to suck
for his scurvy.
-pumba1 (pumbile) v.t. to rush head first against to butt (animals) rel. -
pumbela (pumbezi) to ~ someone giving concern to another: Komu i ni
pumbezi mwan'a ka, the cow has butted my poor child! caus. -pum-bisa
(pumbisize) to cause to butt. rec. -pumbana (pumbani or pumba-nile) fig.
to fight (people).
-pumba (pumbile) v.t. to draggle to dirty. red. -pumba-pumba (pumba-pumbile)
to ~ in many places: U sike wa pumba-pumba mwanana mwa maluli, do not
dirty the little child in the dust. ref. -ipumba (ipumbile) to dirty
oneself.
-pumbama (pumbami or pumhmile) v.i. to get to be in the ground: Li-notolo za
ka li pumbami mwa mu-shabati, my keys are buried some-where in the sand.
fig. to resist firmly when wrestling taking sup-port on the ground. der.
sipum-bami.
-pumbeka (pumbekjlÀ) v.t. to put in the ground to bury. der. mupum-beki. rel.
-pumbekela (pumbekezi) to bury for someone. caus. -pumbF -kisa
(pumbekisize) to help to bury. int. -pumbekelela (pumbekelezi) to bury
everything to bury for good. freq. -pumbekanga to be accus-tomed to
 burying: Ki nto yende ku no pumbekanga matakala; it is a good habit to
bury sweepings inv. -pumbula (pumbuzi) to take out of the ground to dig up
to unearth. (see -pumbula) ref. -ipumbeka (ipumbekile) fi8. to bury
oneself to make oneself disappear into the ground: Ba ipumbekile mwa
mukoti ha ba sika zwa kale, they are stili underground and as yet have
shown no sign of surfacing.
-pumbuka (pumbukile) v.L to come out of the ground. fig. to rise early syn. -
pakela -shituka meneka. rel. -pumbukela (pumbukezi) fig. to rise early in
order to go somewhere: Kamuso ni ka pumbukela kwa litema la ka, tomorrow I
shall rise early to go to my garden in the forest. syn. -pumbushaka rel.
caus. -pumbukisa (pumbukisize) fig. to cause to rise early. int. -
pumbukelela (pumbuke-lezi) to be completely uprooted.
-pumbub (pumbuzi) v.t. to take out of the ground to dig up to un-earth. der.
mupumbuli. fi8. (1) to bring to light: Ba pumbuzi litaba za lifu la
Kamwengo; they brought to light hidden matters concerning Kamwengo's
death; (2) to run fast syn. -shitula. rel. -pumbulela (pum-bulezi) to dig
up for someone. caus. -pumbulisa (pumbulisize) to order or help to dig up.
stat. -pum-buleha (pumbubhile) that which can be unearthed: Kotaye ha i
koni ku pumbuleha, this tree cannot be uprooted. int. -pumbuilelela
(pumbu-lelezi) to completely uproot.
pumbulu! inter;. expressing a sudden falling: U wilefafasi, pum-bulu!
suddenly he fell down.
-pumbushuks (pumbushukile) v.i. to wake up (from a dead sleep); to get up
(when thrown to the ground) rel. -pumbushukela (pum-bushukezi) to rise
early in order to go somewhere. syn. -pumbuka. rel. fig. caw. -
pumbushukiss (pumbu-shukisize) to cause to wake up early. -pumeha
(pumehile) v.i. see -puma2. stat.
-pumeka (pumekile) v.t. to pour a great quantity of water: Mu sike mwa pumeka
mezi ama–ata mwa bu-sunso, do not pour too much water in the relish.
-pumela (pumezi) v.t. to cut hair syn. -kuta. fig. to kill someone in order
to give efficacy to a medi-cine solicited from a witchdoctor: Mutu yo u
tambile mulyani omaswe. mi u pumezi ku mwan'a hae; this man bought
witchcraft medicine and killed his child to make it po-werful. caus. -
pumelisa (pumelisize) fig. to order to kill so as to give power to a
witchcraft medicine.
-pumenena (pumenezi) v.i. Luyans. to acknowledge the royal salute der. -
pumenoko ! caus. -pumenisa (pumenisize) to order to ~.
-pumenoko ! inter;. expressing the acknowledgement of a royal salute: Agreed!
Acknowledged!
-pumula (pumuzi) v.i. to rest to take a holiday. der. pumulo. rel. -
pumu- lela (pumulezÁi) to take a holiday at a place. caus. -pumulisa
(pumuli-size) to give rest. to relieve from wor~k. to give a holiday. int.
-pumu-ieida (pumulelezi) to retire from work. ref. ,i_ulisa (ipumulisize)
to give oncself a rest. cf. -ishu, -ikd
pumub (1>) n. a rest. holiday: La Pwnulo, Sunday. sy b _ cf. Sabata (from
_^).
-pumvneb (pumvnezi) v.i. to play in water. to enjoy bathing. cf. -puwana.
pumwaa! pilmwa! iõnterj. imitating the sound made in playing in water
-punda (pundile) v.t. (1) to cut bushes syn. -teteb (2) to sow: ku punta
mauza mwa litema, to 50W millet in a forest garden. syn. ~la. dir.
mupundi. rel. -puckla ( - -dezi) to sow for somcone. caus. -pundisa
(pundisize) to order or to help to sow. int. -pundeleb (p nde-kzi) to sow
the whole garden. ref. - ipun kla (ipundezi) to sow for oneself.
-pundeb (pundezi) ¥.i. to look healthy, to put on weight after ill- ness,
etc., cf. -nuna
pundula (punduzi) vl. to throw someone down (when wrestling).
-pundumuka (pundumukile) v.i. to pop out, to pop off; to rise sudden- lyk to
wake up suddenly. der. si- pundumukela. cf. -pasumuka, fig. to leave
somewhere and go home: Lu lwanile ni musal'a ka maabani. mi u pundumukile
ku ya habo; my wife and I had a fight yesterday and s›e run to her
parents. caus. -pundumu- kisa (pundumukisize) or -pundu- muna (pundumuzi)
to cause to ~. int. -pundumukeleb (pundumuke- kzi) to leave suddenly and
not return.
-pundum~ (pundumuzi) v.t. to startle and raise suddenly: Ni pun-dumuzi kanga
sanon~io, I suddenly raised a hare. fig. exp. ku pundu-muna taba; to raise
a case, to get into trouble.
-pundunga (pundungile) or -pun-dungela (pundungezi) v.t. to level the ground
before sowing. fig. exp: ku pundungela taba. to destroy evi-dence der.
mupundungeli. fig. to despise, to scorn, to slight; to shake (as a lion
with its victim). int. -pundungelela (pundungeiezi) to carefully level the
ground every-where. rec. tndungelana (pun-dungdani or pundungebnile) fig.
to wrestle.
pundu-pundu! idieph. imitating the sound made by a frightened animal rising
suddenly: Ha lu yo kumbuluka mutobo se li pundu-pundu! before we had time
to real-ize it. the reed buck had already sprung off!
-punp (pungile) v.t. to put things together, to cover with a blanket. cf. -
puta. bt. -pungeleb (pungelezi) or _geieza (pungelelize) to cover
completely. red. -punga-punia (punga-pungiie) to gather quickly different
things together fÇ. to hold someone tightly when wres-tling. ref. -
pungdela (ipungelezi) cover oneself completely (in a blanket, sheet, etc).
punya (punyi2e) v.t. to bore, to pierce, to perforate: ku punya tapi, to gut.
der. mupunyi, sipunyise. syn. beh. fig. to reveal: ku punya liku-nutu, ku
punya litaba, to reveal se-crets; mete a punya hande, sharp eyes. rel.
vnyeza (punyelize) to bore for someone: ku punyeza mutu mifnyana, to put
handles on to tools for someone. filg. to speak frankly to someone. c w. -
punyisa (punybize) to help to perforate. Ä4. to make someone reveal se-
crets. stat. -punyeha (punyehile) to become pierced, etc.: Sitombo sa hae
si punyehile, his abscess burst. fig. to come to light, to be re-vealed:
Taba ya hae ki kale i pu-nyeha, there is no secret any more about his
case. int. vnyeleiez (punyelelize) to drill the lot. (handles, etc.) flg.
to reveal all se-crets. rec. tnyezana (punyesani) fig. to bring to light
one another's secret affairs.
-punyuha (punyuoela (punyuhezi) to escape in a certain way: U punyu-
hezifokunyinyani, he had a narrow escape. caus. -punyubisa (punyuhi-size)
or -punyusa (pimyusize) to help to escape, to save from danger. int. -
punyubelela (punyuhe-lezi) to be quite safe. ref. -ipunyusa (ipunyusize)
to manage one's own escape, to save oneself.
punyuhe (li-) n. escape, rescue, de-liverance. (from -punyuha).
PU (IF) n. Sethe. Ianguage, dialect; word, saying. (from -bua).
pupe, n. creation: pupo ya lE0asEt the creation of the world. (from -bupa).
-pupula (pupuzi) v.i. to try to fly away when caught in a snare. fig. to
strive hard in order to free one-self from a situation: U sa pupula mwa
mulatu wa hae, he is still strug-gling to pay off his fine. syn. -cucula.
caus. -pupulisa (pupulisize) to trap: Kacenu ni pupulisize linyu-nywani ze
talu mwa katwa, today I caught three birds in a snare.
-pupuieza (pupulelize) v.t. to feel one's way with hands or feet, to walk
like a blind man, to grope: ku pupuleza munyako, to try to find the door
in the dark. syn. -babata, cf. -pupulika. fi8. to suspect, to be
suspicious: Wena u pupuleza fela taba ye, ha u na hande niti ya yona; you
are just suspicious about this matter, you do not really know the truth.
-pupulika (pupulikile) v.i. to search for one's way in the dark, to writhe
(as an animal, fowl etc im-mediately after the killing). cf. -pu-puleza,
syn. -pupulikana. fig. not to come to the point.
-pupulikana (pupulikani or pupulika-nile v.i. to writhe. syn. -pupulika. rel.
-pupulikaneb (pupulikanezi) to run somewhere head first.
-pupu~b (pupumalile) v.i. to run swiftly (riding animal) cf. .likita. rel. -
pupumabb (pupumaiezi) to gallop to.
-pupumuka (pupumukile) v.i. to sulk. to go away sulking. syn. -–ala. rel. -
pupumukela (pupumukezi) to go somewhere being in the sulks. caus. -
pupumukisa (pupumukisize ) to vex someonej to make someone leave angrily.
ref. -ipupumukisa (ipupumukisize) or -ipupumuna (ipupumuzi) to simulate
vexation in order to find a reason for going home: U sike wa no
ipupumukisanga ni mo ku sina bufosi, do not simu-late vexation where there
is no reason for it.
-puputa (puputile) v.t. to break up clods when cultivating, (to harrow) 4 to
beat severely. syn. -titika. rel. -puputela (puputezl) to ~ for someone.
fig. (1) ku puputela likomu to hit cattle in order to drive them quickly.
(2) ku puputela musali, to divorce one's wife. caus. -puputisa
(puputisize) to help to break up clods in a field. int. -pu-putelela
(puputelezi) to finish breaking up clods in a Hleld rec. -puputana
(puputani or puputanile) fig. to beat each other severely, to fight. ref.
-ipupuh (ipuputile) fig. as rec.
-puputeha (puputehile) v.i. to become thin, lean, emaciated: Mubili wa hae
mazazi a so pupute-hile, kabakala ku sa pila hande: she looks very thin
these days because she is not enjoying good health. syn. -tulubana; cf. -
eta, -fekela.
-pus (pusize) v.i. to be weaned (calf). der. mupuseza or mupu-sezwva. cf. -
kvva. rel. -puseza (puse-lize) fig. to be made to repent by thrashing:
Kacenu u ta pusezwa, u bakele busholi bwa hao; today you will be thrashed
so that you may repent of your habit of stealing. int. -puseleza
(puseklize) to be totally weaned, to be weaned for good.
puse (li-) n. government. manner of governing; administration, manner of
administrating: Kacenu se lu li mwa puso yenca ya Zambia, today we are
under Zambian ad-ministration; Munna,vo ha na puso hande mwa ndu, this man
does not properly administer his home. (from -busa). sny mubuse.
-puta (putile) v.t. (1) to fold ku puta mufu the arms and legs of a dying or
person deceased der. muputi. rd. -putela (putezi) to ~ for someone. caus.
-putisa (putisize) to order or to help to ~. stat-puteha (putehile) to
become folded- to become as-sembled: Batu ba putehile ka bu–ata, people
have assembled in great numbers. int. -putelela (pute-kzi) to ~
completely. fig. to cheat, to deceive: Mulekisi u ni putelezi the trader
cheated me. rec. -putana (putani or putanile) to shrivel: Mukata u putani,
the hide has shriv-elled, to become twisted: Muhala u putani, the rope is
twisted. Inv. -pu-tulula (putuluzi) to unfold fig. to reveal secrets: U
sike wa putulula li-kunutu za munn'a hao, do not reveal your husband's
secrets red. -puta-puta (put -putile) to fold, to gather quickly. ref. -
Iputa (iputile) to fold one's legs.
-putahna (putahani) v.i. to run swiftly. (from -puta).
-putaka (putakile) v.i. to be in a hurry. der. muputaki, putake, puta-kise.
syn. akufa. rel. -putakela (pu-takezi) to hurry to . caus. -putakisa
(putakisize) to hurry up someone: lla mu ni putakisa cwalo na itulela; I
shall refuse to do anything if you go on hurrying me like this.
putakise, n. urging manner. (from -putaka).
putake, n. haste, hurry, rush. syn. sik vashu. (from -putaka).
-puteha (putehile) v.i. to come to-gether, to assemble, to meet, to
congregate, to rendezvous. der. putehe. syn. -kepana. rel. -putehela
(putehezi) to meet somewhere to-gether caus. -putehisa (putehisize) to
call together, to bring together.
putehe (li-) n. assembly, meeting, church meeting, conference; society. syn.
kepane. (from -puteha).
-putekla (putelezi) v.t. to cheat, to deceive, to bluff, to trick, to dupe
der. muputeleli, cf. -puma. rel. -pu-telelela (putelelezi) to offend a
person by cheating another: Mu sike mwa ni putelelela mwan-a ka buhobe bwa
hae; do not deprive my child of his share of buhobe. ref. -iputelelisa
(Iputelellsize) to be re-sponsible for being deceived by others: Ki wena
ya iputelelisize batu ka butoto bwa hao, if you have been duped by others,
it is because you asked for it by your stupidity.
puti (1S) n. duiker. fig. the denizen of the woods: Batu ba mishitu ki
liputi, ba saba mezi; people of the forests are like duikers, they fear
the water
-putukela (putulezi) v.t. to take a calf rejected by its mother and have it
fed by another cow. fig. exp. Musali ha koni ku putulela mwana ku munna
usili, a mother cannot impose a child on a father who is not his own.
-putuluha (putuluhile) v.i. to put on weight, to recover from illness: Mubili
wa hae so putuluhile, ha u sa swana inge sapili, his body is a pic-ture of
good health, it does not even resemble what it was before. -putuila
(putuluzi) v.t. to unfold. der. putuile. fig. to reveal secrets. rel. -
putululela (putululezi) to unfold for someone, fi8. to reveal someone's
secrets in front of him. caus. -putululisa (putululisisize) to help to
unfold fig. to cause some-one to reveal secrets. int. -putulule-lela
(putuilelelezi) to unfold com-pletely, to spread out completely. fig. to
reveal all secrets, to bring all secrets to light. rec. -putululana
(putululani or putululanile) to reveal each other's secret.
putulule (li-) n. unfolding. fig. reve-lation, explanation. (from -putu-
lula).
-putuma (putumile) v.t. to chase; to send away, to dismiss. syn. -shenja.
caus. -putumisa (putumisize) same meaning. ref. -iputuma (iputumile) or -
iputumisa (iputumisize) to pursue.
-putumana (putumani or putumanile) or putumanine) v.i. (1) to be stag-nant:
Mezi a putumani fela ha zamai, the water does not flow, it is stagnant;
(2) to sit in water, to bathe (3) to be lukewarm for lack of fire. syn. -
mbembemana. fig. to be mentally deficient.
-putwama (putwami or putvamile) v.i. to enter into water in order to bathe.
syn. -mbwambwama.
-putwateka (putwatekile) v.t. to throw a weaker person repeatedly to the
ground.
-putweka (putwekile) v.t. to put in water, to soak. syn. -embeka, -tup-weka,
-mbwambweka.
-puwa (puwile) v.i. to walk in water.
-puwana (pu vani or puwanile) v.i. to swim; to dive in deep water during the
flood season. cf. -pumwsela.
-puya (puyik or puik) v.i. to leak. syn. -btal.
puyeb, n. respiration. (from -buyeb).
puze (li-) n. (1) question, query; (2) interrogation mark (?) (from -buza).
puzwa, ¥dj. grey (in reference to male cattle); puluzwana, grey (in reference
to female cattle).
-pv acamana (pwacamani or p vaca-manine) v.i. to be nat (nose); to fall flat,
to subside (roof) syn. -mby ta-mana, cf. -pyatamana.
-pwaca (pwacile or pwacise) v.t. to crush. sir. sipwacise. syn. -pyata. fig.
to beat: Ba mu pwacize ka mulamu, they beat him with a stick. rel. -pwaceb
(pw cezi) crush something belonging to someone Ki ma–i ya ni pwacezi piza
ya ka? who crushed my pot? caus. -pwa-cisa (pw cisize) to help to crush.
int. -pwacelela (pwacelezi) to crush completely. freq. -pwacaka (pwaca-
kile) or -pwacaula (pwacauzi) to crush completely by striking again and
again.
-pwacuka (pwacukile) v.i. (1) to pour: Pula kacenu i pwacukile hahulu busihu,
it poured down a lot last night. (2) to get broken: Piza i pwacukile
 kakuli ne ba i bipezi mumela, the pot shattered into many pieces because
they had let soaked grain ferment in it fig. to have abnormal menses. syn.
-pomoka)
-wacula (pwacuzi) v.t. to beat and cause bloodshed. syn. -pobola.
-pwaka! interj. down ! (mostly used in the expression: ku wa pwaka! to fall
down.)
-pwakama na pwakamani or pwaka-manile) v.i. to sit (speaking of a very fat
person); to sit idly, listles-sly. fig. to enjoy great riches, to be
ewalthy. syn. -mbwambwama cf. -pwapwama.
-pwalyama (pwalyami or pwalya-mile) v.i. to tread upon mud, or dung, etc., to
walk carelessly. syn. -paliama.
-pwalyeka (pwalyekile) v.t. to stab severely. cf. -taba, - vankula. fre4 -
pwankaula (pwankauzi) to stab in many places.
pwapawa! interj. expressing the im-possibility of doing a thing: Ha u plaezwi
u bulelefela ku li pwapawa! if you cannot do it do not insist, just say it
is impossible. cf. -pala. -pwapwama (pwapwami or pwapa-wamile) v.i. to
enjoy great riches, to be wealthy. cf. -mbwambwama. fig. -pwakamana.
-pwatuka (pwstukile) v.i. to be torn (blanket, etc.); to be breached, (wall,
etc.,) fig. to be very deep (sore, etc.,) freq. -pwahuka (pwa-tuakile) to
be torn or breached in amny places; fig. to have many deep sores.
-pwatula (pwatuzi) v.t to stab; to kill. cf. -taba, -fukuza. heq. vva-taula
(pwatauzi) to stab in many places
-pwecala (pwecalile) v.i. to sit idly, lazily.
-pwecuka (pwecukile) v.i. to lean on one side: Sishete sa ka si pwecukile, my
granary leans on one side. syn. -tebuka.
-pwekesha (pwekeshize) v.i. to walk swiftly. rel. -pwekeshela (pvveke-shezi)
to walk swiftly somewhere. caus. -pwekeshisa (pwekeshisize) to cause to
rush somewhere.
-pwenka (pwenkile) v.i. to be tired, to be exhausted (as in the cileke game
see cileke).
pya! inter;. expressing the sound made in crushing something.
-pyata (pyatile) v.t. to crush, to pul-verize; to crash. fig. exp.: ku pyata
lito, to shut one eye; ku pyata pilu, the soothe. syn. -boma, cf. -tuba.
stat. Ppyateha (pyatehile} in the process of being ciushed; ye pya-teha,
breakable. fragile
-pyatamana (pyatamani or pyatama-nile) v.i. to be very flat (nose). syn. -
mbyatamana; cf. -pwac mana.
pyatiti ! inter;. Luyana. expressing the importance of a successful catch
(fish): Ku f ta fa lilindo za mandui ku li pyatfti! mi ku li pipEi! when
we arrived at fishermen's shelters, we saw an enormous quantity of fish
and . . . and there was a great smell of it! cf. bololo! cabu !
-pyeha (pyehile) v.i. to have diar-rhoea: Namani ya ka i pyeha mali, my calf
suffers from dysentery syn. -sulula. caus. -pyehisa (pyehi-size) to cause
diarrhoea.
-pyema (pyemile) v.t. to beat with a rod. syn. -shapa. rel. -pyemela (pye-
mezi) to lash on someone's behalf. freq. -pyemaka (pyemakile) or -pyemauna
(pyemauzi) to lash re-peatedly. ref. -ipyemauna ( ipye-mauzi) or-ipyemaka
(ipyemakile) to lash each other in a cruel manner.
-pyemula (pyemuzi) v.t.to wipe away; to dust. fig. exp. ku pyemula mioko, to
wipe off tears. ref. -ipye-muh, to wipe off tears from own face. _
pyoldo (li-) n. whistle: Ku liza pyo-lolo, to blow a whistle. fig. a very
small cup (too small to enjoy a drink). kapyololo small whistle.
-pgopya (pyopile) v.i. see -pyopyola.
-pgopyola (pyopyozi) v.i. (1) to speak Ruently a foreign language: Silumesfi
u pyopyola hande Si`Fura ku mukwa o komokisa, Silumesii speaks French very
well indeed: (2) ku pyopyola muloli, to blow a whistle.
S
S.ss, pronounced as s in sea (but is never pronounced z as in his ).
sa1 adv. of negation: Not, used with dependent tenses of the verb: Niha ni sa
pakeli, ni ta yo fita; I shall arrive even if I do not leave very early.
sa2 adv. still: Lu sa ambola, we are still talking together; no more; any
longer; Ha ni sa mu hupuia; I do not remember him anymore.
sa3, pron. subj. sing. (class si-li) used when the verb has no object; it:
Si-kekele sa ni tusa, the plough helps me.
sa4, poss. part. sing. (class si-li and si-bi): Ki silabo sa ka, it is my
paddle; sibala sa mukolo, a defective plank of a canoe.
(siie) v.i. (1) to come to an end (the night): BusEhu se bu ya kwa ku sa, the
night is waning. (see -sisa). syn. -yanduluka, -patalala; (2) to stop
raining: Pula ya sa cwale, it is about to stop raining.
Saa, n. Iower council of principal headmen.
saba (sabile) v.t. to fear, to be afraid of; to be shy. der. sabo, sisa-belo.
syn. -cila. cf. -susa. rel. -sabela (sabezi) to take refuge or shelter
in: Pula ye ni ka i sabela kai? where shall I find shelter against this
rain caus. -sabisa (sabisize) (1) to frighten, to daunt; (2) to be dread-
ful, terrible: Ndwa ki sika se si sabisa, war is a dreadful thing; (3) to
cause or help to escape: Ha ne ku bulawa linja ba ba–wi ne ba sabi-selize
za bona mwa mushitu, when the dogs were being killed (be-cause of rabies),
many people saved theirs by taking them to the forest. stat. -sabeha
(sabehile) to be dreadful, frightful. int. -s belelela (sabelelezi) to
fear and go for good: Mutu yani u sabelelezi, ha sa tola a bonwafa hape;
that man had the fright of his life and went for good, so he will never be
seen here again m. -sabana (sabani or s ba-nile) to fear each other. freq.
-sa-ban8a to be inclined to fear. red. -saba-saba (saba-sabile) to fear
without reason. ref. -isabisa (Isabl-size) to protect oneself against: U
isabisafela mabisi a mwa makapa ki amande mwa tfi; you refuse with-out
reason to use condensed milk but it is good in tea.
sabasimbi (bo-) n. Leya Toka a man who prefers women's company to that of
men.
Sabata, n. Eng. Sabbath.
sabela (li-) n. kind of fish.
sabo, n. fear, fright (from -saba).
sabule (li-) n. Eng. sabre, sword.
ssela (ma-) n. Iarge circular house (introduced by the Kololo). c. simbangu.
-safala (safalile) v.i. to suffer from caus. -safalisa (safalisize) to make
someone suffer. ref. -isafalisa (isa-falisize) to worry oneself, to tor-
ment oneself.
safunyuka, n. a warped or missha-pen object (paddle. shoe, etc.). (from -
funyuka).
safwimpa (bo-) n. a short person. ~h (sahile) v.t. Eng. to saw. dÇ. musahi,
saha. rel. ~hela (sahezi) to saw for someone. caus. -sahisa (sahisize) to
order or to help to saw. int. ~helela (sahelezi) to complete sawing.
saha (liõ- or ma-) n. Eng. saw.
sabubulal (bo-) n. sweeper of the Li-tunga's yard or of the Kuta. (from -
huhula)
sahuhula2 (bo-) n. town-crier (from -hubula).
saks (ma-) n. En8. sack, bag. fig. great eater.
sakJcompole (bo-) n. Pied King-fisher. syn. mutangalati, nengeleie.
sakaWkoto (bo-) n. a very big and strong man. fig. any huge bird, animai,
etc.
sJkana (II- or ma-) n. cattle enclo-sure (kraal) syn. mulaks.
sakata, n. taken adjectively; per-fect: bupilo sakata, perfect life eternal
life; mutu sakata, a perfect man.
-sakateb (sakatezi) or -sikatels (si-kstezi) v.t. to grasp, to lay hands on
something.
sakawami, n. kind of grass.
sakayaya (bo-) n. very large crea-ture, (man, lion, crocodile, etc.)
sakokala (bo-) n. Luyana. a cripple walking on his knees. (from -kokala).
sakulala (bo-) n. Luyana. Iistless person. (from -lala).
sala (li-) n. Iitter on which to carry the dead.
-sala2 (salile) v.t. to winnow. der. musalo. fi8. to slander, to calumni-ate.
sakl (li-) n. Eng. saddle.
sale2 dem. pron. (class si-li or si-bi-) 4th Degree, that.
sali (liali) n. Luyana. asthma, whooping cough, etc., (formerly believed to
be caused by the breaking of taboos) syn. sishako.
saluluti, n. Luyana. bias, prejudice, discrimination. (from -alulula).
~ma (samlie) v.t. to pillow, to use something as a pillow. der. musamo. rel.
-samela (samezi) to prepare a pillow for soõneone: Mu nangule mukuli kwa
toho lu mu samele hande: lift up the patient's head, so that we may
arrange his pillow.
samahongo (bo-) n. Mbunda. Iikishi dancer wearing a huge mask and using a
deep voice to frighten people.
samakwenanga, n. Ioneliness, be-reavement. (from -kwenanga).
samawawa (bo-) n. sterile man.
s mbs (II- or bo-) n. Yellow-billed Duck.
sambamba (bo-) n. Grey-headed Gull.
sambambi (bo-) n. a person who speak everything without re-Rection.
S"mbi (bo-) n. title of the chief pre-siding over the Nalolo Kuta.
sJmendel (liw or bo-) n. bracelet made of celluloid or plastic matter.
samende2 (li~) n. En8. cement.
sameza (samelize) v.t. to use a wife's thigh as a pillow as an expression of
love.
-sampuka (sampukile) v.i. to become tasteless, insipid; to lose savour. der.
masampululwa. syn. -amuba, -tapuha. int. ~mpukelela (sampukelezi) to be
quite tasteless, to be completely insipid.
Samul (li-) n. En8. Psalm.
samu2 (li-s) n. Luyana. African axe.
samutamunene or samuteshumi, adv. Iong ago, in former times. cl. sapili.
samutandeti, sdv. Luyana. perhaps, may be. syn. mwendi, mutomu–wi.
sana, n. area along the edge of the Bulozi Plain.
sanasulwe (bo- or ka-) n. hare rabbit. syn. shakame, sanondo, fig a clever,
astute person.
sanda (lianda) n. (1) inheritance: Ku ca sanda, to inherit; (2) place where
ancestors lived.
saxdi (liandi) n. reed mat used to trap fish.
sando (li-) n. hammer.
sangalwembe (bo-) n. kind of tree (Dialiopsis Africana)
sanganu (lia-) n. (also sianganu) an insane person.
sango or siango (li ngo) n. (1) com-pany, group of people: Na ha ni lati
sango ni batu ba ba maswe; I do not like the company of wicked people (2)
friendship.
sani, dem. pron. sig. (class si-li- or si-bi-) Third Degree: that; Silabo
sani si kai? where is that paddle? Siseme sani mu yo si lata; go and toss
aside that bad mat.
sankumwine (bo-) n. a drunkard.
sanondo (bo-) n. hare, rabbit. syn. sanasulwe, shskame.
sanung na (bo-) n. Yellow-throated Sand-grouse.
sapili, adv. formerly, before, previ-ously. cfi samuts_ne.
sass, ad;. black with white stripes round the breast and back. (male cattle.
with reference to female cattle sasana.)
sasa2 (sasik or sasize) v.t. to rub: Ku sasa mulyani to rub ointment. cf. -
lamh, -toz~; -pikita. fig. to involve fasely someone in a case- to accuse:
Mu sike mwa ni sasa mwa litaba za mina, do not involve me in your affairs.
rel. ~seza (sase-ue) to rub for someone. c us. -sasisa (sasisize) to hdp
to rub. red. ~sa~ (s s ~gize) to rub inef-ficiently or lightly ref. -i (is
-size) to rub oneself.
sasana, n. isolation, quarantine: Sapili ba mbingwa ne ba pila mwa sasana, in
the past lepers were living in isolated quaners.
sany l (s sanyize) v.t. to beat, to strike. syn. -nata, ku-shap, etc.
sanya (sasanyize) v.t. to put a pot on the fire.
sasibo (bo-) n. Black Crowned Bush Shrike or Angola Black-headed Tichagra.
(bird).
sasimbi (bo-) n. police constable (carrying handcuffs).
sas ka (s sukik) v.i. to rush out to any kind of attraction. der. liss-suka.
rel. ~keb (s sukezi) to ~ to (a place) caus. ~sukis (s suki-size) to cause
to ~.
sat or dats (lista) n. palm of the hand. syn. sigu~di.
satabbl (sat lalile) v.i. to refuse very strongly with good reason. cf. -
hana. c us. ~tglslis (s tslsliw size) to cause to ~.
satabls2 (s t lalile) v.i. to resist very strongly when fighting.
stsmbi (bo-) n. a dumb person. syn. simumu.
Satani (bo-) n. Eng. Satan, the Devil. fig. wicked person.
Satoli, n. Queen Victoria.
-sawana (swani or sawanOe) v.t. to denigrate, to calumniate, to slander der.
I;s wana, busawana. syn. -seba, -tebeta, -ungwatala, etc.
sayaondo (li-) n. Luyana. hatchet made of very strong steel and used by
blacksmiths.
sel adv. already: Ni se ni mu boni, I have already seen him.
se2, dem. pron. sing. (class si-li and sibi-) Ist Degree, this, that: Silabo
se mu si lekile kai? where did you buy this paddle !
se3, rel. pron. sing. (class si-li- and si-bi;) which, that: Sibala se si
ngong-otezwi mwa mukolo, the plank which has been nailed onto the canoe.
-seba (sebile) v.t. to denigrate, to slander, to calumniate. der. musebl,
lusebo. syn. -sawana, -tebeta, -ungwatala, etc. rel. -sebela (sebezl) to
whisper, to, to tell a secret to. rec. -sebana (xbanl or se-banile) to
calumniate each other. freq. -sebanga to be inclined to ~.
-sebeza (sebelize) v.i. & v.t. to work, to do, to labour. der. musebezi, mu-
sebelezo, sebeiezo, sebelis no, cf. -beleka, -tembuka. flg. to feach (as
suffering): Ha u sa lati ku sebeza, ni wena tala i ta ku sebeza; if you do
not like to work, hunger will cer-tainly teach you. rel. -sebeleza (se-
belelize) (1) to work for, to serve (2) to worship: Ku sebeleza Mulimu, ki
makalelo a butali, to worship God is the beginning of wisdom. caus. -
sebelisa (sebellsize) to give work to someone, to super-vise workmen- to
use: Ha mu sebe-lisa silepe seo, mu tokomele si buhali hahulu, take care
when using that axe, for it is very sharp. rec. -sebe-zana (sebezani) fig.
to beat each other; -sebelisana (sebelisani) to help each other ref. -
isebeleza (ise-belelize) to work for oneself: Mutu ya isebeleza, ki yena
ya ta kona ku ipilisa; a person who knows how to work without the help of
others will be able to support himself.
sebelezo (li-) n. service; divine ser-vice. (from-sebeza).
sebelisano, n. mutual help, co-oper-ation (from -sebeza).
-sefal (sefile) i.t. Eng. to sift. der. musefi, sefa, musefo, musefeio. syn.
-seseta. fig. to investigate, to detect. rel. -sefela (sefezi) to sift for
someone; fig. to investigate on someone's behalf. caus. -sefisa (se-
fisize) to help to ~. stat. -sefeha (sefehile) that which can be easily
sifted rec. -sefana (sefunl or sefa-nile) fig. to have an eye on each
other. inv. -sefulul‹ (sefuluzl) to sift for the second time: Mu sefulule
 bupi, bo, ha bu sika neka hande; sift this ’lour again, for it is not fine
enough. red. -sefa-sefa (sefa-sef–e) to sift a small quantity of meal.
ref. -isefela (isefezi) to sift for ones lf.
sefa2 (li-) n. Eng. sieve, sifter strainer; wire gauze. fig. investiga-tor.
(from -sefa1)
sefa3, n. strichnine.
segeleti (1W) n. Eng. cigarette. cf. kwai.
-seha1 (sehOe) v.L dt v.t. to laugh, to laugh at; to jeer. der. Iiseho, muse-
helo, cf. -sheuXuna. rel. -sehela (sehezi) to welcome with a laugh; to
laugh at, to make fun of. caUs. -sehisa (sehisize) to make someone laugh,
to amuse. red. -seha-seha (seha-sehile) to laugh for joy, to show
happiness in laughing.
-seha2 (sehile) v.t. to cut with a knife. der. musehi, sisehiso, musehdo. cf.
- puma. rel. -sehela (sehezi) to cut out for someone: Ni na mu ni sehele
kwa nama, cut a small piece of meat for me also int. -sehulub (se-huluziL)
to make the last cut to a kaross to bring it to size before hemming it.
red. -sehaka (sehakile) (1) to cut into pieces; (2) to cir-cumcise .
-seheza (sehelize) v.t. to prop. to buttress.
seke! Inter;. expressing the dawn of the day: Lwa tona, mane bwa yo li seke!
we have been on the watch the whole night until dawn!
-sekula (sekuzi) v.t. to shave the nape of the neck. der. museku.
sela1 (II-) n. small fish spear made of plain wire and used by children.
-sela2 (selile) v.t. to pour. der. kase-lenge. syn. -sulula. rel. -selela
(selezi) to pour for someone. int. -selelela (selelezi) to pour out to the
last drop. freq. sebeb (sebezi) to water, to irrigate.
sela2 (selile) v.t. to gather natural products (wild fruit, fish, etc.) der.
museli, muselo, siselo, fig. exp. ku sela litaba, to gather news, to
collect information. rel. -selda (selezi) to ~ for someone. caus.-seSsa
(selisize) to help to ~: Kuhu i selisa bana ba yona the hen is searching
for food for its chickens. ref. -iselela (iseleii) to ~ for one-self.
seieb (selezi) v.t. to r,ll up a hole, a grave, etc.
selws (sezwi) v.i. to be on the road when sunrise comŽs; to be late for work.
(from ~).
sembelawanga, n. medicine bc-lieved to have power to prevent a person from
being struck by lightning.
semi-kolonl, n. Eng. semi-colon. (;) syn. Felwani.
-sempula (sempuzi) ¥.t. to take a portion or a part of somahing (bfihobe,
etc.); to lift up a load. der. Iimpuk, musempula. cf. Qiw h. -–ompola, -
nanula. rel.`-senipukls (sempuizi) to take a portion in-tended for
somebody else. int. -sempublela (sempulekzi) to take a whole portion
intended for others.
senanga (senangik) v.i. to speak os-tentatiously, to speak with ambi-tious
display. rel. ~senangda (sen sngezi) to ~ somewhere. css. -senangisa
(senangisize) to cause to ~.
-senateka (senatekik) v.i. as-sen-Jnga.
semiabanji, n. Luyans. (mwaha wa senctabanji) floodless year. (from -enda).
sendaendi (bo-) n. Luyana. traveller, person coming home after a long
absence. (from -enda).
sendel (li-) or bo-) n. cicada.
sende2, n. Eng. scent, perfume
sendi (li-) n. concubine, unomcial wife, favourite woman. sengabsci, adv.
sideways.
senge (ma-) n. Eng. zinc, corrugated iron.
se–a, n. cooked bran.
seo (lieo) n. kind of fish. (see iku-shenge).
seps (sepik) v.t. (1) to trust, to be confident in, to rely on: Wena ha ni ku
sepi bake–isa mfkwa ya hao bu-maswe I do not trust you because of yoœr bad
 behaviour- (2) to hope: Ni sepa u ta be afltEle kamuso, I hope he will be
here tomorrow; (3) to think: Nf sepa cwalo, I think so. hr. sepo, sepiso?
b~epehi, sepaw, buisepo. cf. -lwlara. rel. -sepeli (sepezi) to trust for Œ
reason: Ni mu sepezi ku lukakwa hae, I trust her for her righteousness.
caus. -sepisa (sepisize) to promise. stst. - sepeha (sepehib ) to be
reliable . int.*stat. -sepahala (sepahalile) to be trustworthy. rec. -
sepana (sepani or sepanile) to trust each other. ref. -isepa ( isepile) to
be self-confident.
sepano, n. mutual confidence. (from -sepa).
sepiso (li-) n. promise. (from -sepa).
sepo, n. hope, trust, confidence; ku fela sepo, to be disheartened. (from -
sepa).
-seseta (sesetile) v.t. to sift, to winnow. der. museseti. syn. -sefa. rel. -
sesetela (sesetezi) to sift for someone. caus. -sesetisa (sesetisize) to
help to sift.
seta1, adj. grey-blue, buff (male cattle. With reference to female cattle:
Setana); pale yellow, (with reference to bilious eyes). fig. poor,
miserable: Na yo mu seta cwana no ka lifumana kai lizwai? where can a poor
soul like me find salt?
-seta2 (setile) v.t. to notch, to gash (to make a cut round a small piece of
root in order to be able to fix it to a string and wear it as a medi-cine
round the neck, etc.)
setee! interj. expressing (1) the colour of the rain falling in the middle
distance. cf. pululu (2) the colour of the eyes of someone suf-fering from
a liver complaint: Meto a hae a li setee? his eyes are yellow. (3) grey
(of dust).
-setefala (setefalile) v.i. Iit. to become grey (this verb expresses the
change appearing in the colour of the skin because of dust, sick-ness or
old-age) caw. Zsetefaza (se-tefalize) to cause to ~.
-seteka (setekHe) v.t. to tempt. ds. muxteki. cf. -shemba. rel. -setekela
(setekezi) to attract a person on behalf of someone.
setete, n. dim light before day- break, or sun after sunset.
seto (li-) n. the prickly seed of a creeper (bearing yellow flowers).
-setuka (setukHe) v.i. to turn the head and look backwards. syn. -temuna. -
beb.
*seula (seuzi) v.i. to rain (the first rain of the season) der. maseulo.
shal ! interj. used as a polite re-sponse acknowledging a call or that one
has understood or heard what is being said to one. (Abbrev. for shngwe).
-sha2 (shaile) v.i. to leave room: Ku shaile hande, malobalo a tei7i; there
is room in the sleeping quarters. ref. -isha (isbaile) to leave room
between oneself and others.
-sha3 (soaile) v.i. to be transparent, to be seen through: Nusekusha, lu tuha
lu punya kwa libala; the forest is becoming clearer, so we shall soon be
in the plain. `
shaa1 (sbaile) v.t. to praise: ku shaa mukanga, to praise in order to en-
courage paddlers; ku shaa–ongo, to yawn, to gape, ku shaiwa ki batu, to be
despised by people.
-shaa2 (shaik) v.i. to be coarse, rough (voice).
-shaba (shabile) v.t. to prune, to lop, to cut off branches. syn. -sheba, -
kola. rel. -shabela (shabezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shŒbisa (sbabi-
size) to help to ~. bt. -shabelela (shabelezi) to lop completely leav-ing
a bare trunk.
-shb ela (shabsezi) v.t. Luyana. to cast divining bones, figurines, etc. der.
_ baeli, syn. -laub.
shabele (shabezi) v.t. to cut meat into pieces.
-shaela (shaezl) v.i. to call loudly, to sing loudly, to bawl. syn. -huvva.
sshalia (shaklb) v.t. to start work, to start a journey; to start a quar- rel
etc., der. mushaki. syn. -kala, -tateka.
-shakalala (shakalalile) v.i. to be importunate, untameable mostly of a
child. der. cakala. cf. -katsza, -shupa.
-shaksela (shakaezi) v.i. to move about aimlessly (mostly of insane persons)
der. sishakseli. syn. -ngu-lyana.
shakame (bo-) n. hare, rabit. syn. -sanasulwe, sanondo. fig. a clever person.
-shakasha (shakashize) v.t. to jingle rattles (as a dancer at the begin-ning
of a dance) . der. sishakashwa.
shakatela (shakatezi) v.t. to carry too much with both hands. fig. to bear a
great quantity of fruit.
-shakilikana (shakilikani or shakili-kanine) v.i. Eng. to be shaggy: Milili
ya hae i shakilikani, he has shaggy hair.
-shakula (shakuzi) v.t. to pull a fishing net. caus. -shakulisa (sbaku-
lisize) to help to ~.
-sbakumuka (shakamakile) v.i. to be sour, acid. syn. -wawata.
shaku-sbaku! interj. expressing the coming back to life after a swoon,
fainting fit, coma, syncope, etc. Na shwile kono ha lu yo kumbuluka seili
shaku-shaku! he was unconscious, but suddenly he came to.
shakutula (shakutuzi) v.t. to untie a bundle, a parcel, etc.,
-shalikanisa (shalikanisize) (~ meto) v.i. to look here and there restlessly,
anxiously.
-shalima (shalimile) v.L & v.t. to look, to look at (see -talima).
-shaluka (shalukHe) v.i. to enjoy the satisfaction of having eaten succu-lent
relish after having been long-ing for it for a long time. der. mu-kusbalu.
caus. -shalulisa (shaluki-size) or -shalula (shaluzl) to make someone t.o
~. rel. -lshalula (isha-luzi) to make oneself to ~.
-shalyeka (shalyekile) v.t. to give parsimoniously (mostly food).
-shama1 (shamile) v.i. to become white-hot (iron, steel, etc.) caus. -shamisa
(shamisize) to heat iron until it is white-hot.
-shama2 (shamile) v.t. to pass water, to urinate. syn. -luta . rel. -shamela
(shamezi) to urinate in: caus. -sha-misa (shamisize) to help a child or a
sick person to pass water.
-shamba (shambile) v.i. to dance round, facing a dancer. der. mu-shambisi,
mashambaneno. rel. -shambeb (shambezi) to dance somewhere. caus. -shambisa
(sham-bisize) to teach to dance. fig. to teach a person to follow one's
bad habits, to lead someone into evil. rec. -shambana (shambani) to dance
together. (two dancers facing each other) red. -shamba-shamba (shamba-
sbambile) to dance in order to encourage a dancer. fig. to paddle in a
queer, funny way in order to amuse people.
-shambana (shambanl or shamba-nile) v.i. to be Iying with a space between, to
be separated: Miluko ya museme o. i shambani hahulu too much space has
been left be tween the lines of this mat. der. mashamba. syn. -shambuka,
caus. -shambanisa (shambanisize) to leave much space between things.
-shambuka (shambukile) v.i. as -shambana.
-shambweka (shambwekile) v.L to do tricks in order to attract atten-tion or
to make people laugh. der. tushambwe.
-shamena (shamezi) v.t. to wait for, to expect a promised thing, to await an
expected visitor.
shamiliketa (shamiliketilte) v.t. to incite a person to fight or con-demn
another. der. k~mRiketi. cf. -_ez~.
-shamulula (shamuluzi) v.t. to harp back to old things. der. Iislumulula or
IbRan utula rel. -sbamululela (sh mululezi) to come to someone about old
mattcrs with a definite intention.
-shamutula (sbamutuzi) v.t. as-shs-~his.
-shanauka (shanaukile) v.i. to be torn to pieces. cf. -p~uha.
 -shanauana (shanszi) v.t. to break into pieces: Ma shanaune mwanja o. ki
hona u ka oma kapili; break that cassava into pieces so that it may dry
quickly. rel. ~naunda or sbatu~ (shan unezi) lo ~ for someone. ca s. -
shana_isa (~u_") to help to ~.
-shanda1 (sha dik) v.t. to spread food out (in order to dry it). rel. -sh
ntEla (sbandezi) to ~ for some-one. freq. ~Çbuh (shanabuzi) to spoil food
by spreading it out too far.
sbanda2 (sb ndile) v.i. to be agi-tated, to write in pain (like a dying
person): Kacena ki sEyumbela. Iitapi li ka shanda maswe. today a big catch
using poison, has been or-ganised, so the fish will wriggle! rel. ~aRdela
(sbandezi) to ~ somewhere: I olofolo ,ve ne ni kunu-pile. nako ,ve i yo
shandela kwahule; the animal I shot is now writhing in pain somewhere. c
us. _"lisa (sh ndisize) to cause someone to ~.
~nth~ or jb ndamana (sb nda-manl) v.i. to be flat, (plate, wooden dish, etc.)
der. sisbantb. freq. -shambmeka (shanthmekile) to hollow out roughly syn.
_nda-m nisa.
-shsntlamanisa (sb ndamanisize) v.t. to hollow out roughly. syn. -shan-tima
freq.
-shantlauka (shandaukile) v.i. to lie in disorder: Likubo za banana li
shandaukile, the children's blan-kets are Iying in disorder. fig. to
suffer from dispersion, disorgan-isation: Muezi wa bona kaÏnu u
shandaukile, ha u sa na batu; their village is now falling in ruins, for
no people live there any more. bt. -shandaukelela ( sbandaukelelezi ) fi4.
to become completely dis-persed.
~ndaub (sbandauzi) v.t. to put in disorder, to make a mess of some-thing.
der. ~nusbandoli, k sbandub. syn. -sbya. rel. -sbandaulela (sb n-d ulezi)
to make a mess of some-one's goods.
~nga (sbangile) v.i. to dance before the ordinary dancer starts in order to
attract people to the dance. der. musb ngi, kashanga-ngoma. rel. -sb ngeb
(sbangezi) to start a dance on the oEcial danc-er's behalf.
-sisyama (sbangami) v.i. or sb ng-¥m na (sb ng m ni) v.i. to lie or sit on
top of something; to attack by surprise: Ha lu yo kumbuluka ngwe ki kale i
mu shangama; before we realized, the leopard was on him. syn. -llmbama,
cf. -pahama. fig. to overcome someone in a fight. freq. -shanpt ma
(shungstami or sh ngtamik) to be Iying or sitting in di-sorder (things or
people).
-shanganana (sb"~gpRani or sh nga-n nile) v.i. to become lively joyful (after
a time of sadness or illness).
~nileka (shangekik) v.t. to put a thing on top of another to pile cf. -
linbeka. rel. -shangekŽh (sh nge-kÇi) to ~ for someone. c us. -^ gekba (sh
ngekbize) to help to ~. int. -shangekelela (shangeke-lezi) to pile up all
collected things. freq. §hangateka (shangatekile) to put things on top of
others (one after another) int. -shangutula (shangutuzi) to take out
things from a pile.
-shangela (shangezi) v.t. (1) to add a piece to something in order to make it
longer: Ku shangela mbala a wolupuleri. to lengthen wall plate planks; (2)
to fix very firmly a handle to a spear or a fishing spear. der.
mushangeli. fig. to exag-gerate matters. rei. -shangeleb (shangelezi) to ~
for someone. caus. -shan4elisa (shangelisize) to help to ~. int. -
shangelela (shange-lezi) fig. to present matters with much exaggerations U
sike wa shangelela wahenu litaba za sika eza, do not add to your accusa-
tion. things which your friend has not done.
zshanguka (shangukile) v.i. to be ac-customed to do a thing in secret; to be
accustomed to wander about in search of something: Mwanana yo sa
shang kile maswe, this child is terribly independent. der. muku-sh ngu.
~ngula (shnguzi) v.t. to mock, to deride, to bring into ridicule: Wena wa ni
shangula, u to ni kupa mali; mbali wena ya beleka! you are pull-ing my
 leg, in asking money from me, whilst you are the one who is working rel. -
shanguleh (shangu-kzi) to mock with a definite inten-tion: U ni
shangulelani cwalo? why are you mocking me like this?
-shangub2 (shanguzi) v.t. to lead astray. rel. -shangulela (shangulezi) to
offend someone by leading an-other astray: Ki yena ya ni shangu-lezi mwana
ka, he is the one who led my child astray ref. -bhangula (ishanguzi) to
become a vagabond.
-shangumuka (shangumukile) v.i. (1) to become excited, (set in motion): Malao
a shangumukile maswe, the hornets are terribly excited. (2) to recur
(pain, illness). rel. ehangu-mukela (shangumukezi) to come back again:
Butuku bwa hae bu mu shangumukezi mwa nzila, his illness struck him again
on the way. caus. -shangumuna (shangumuzi) to excite; to provoke the
recurrence of a pain or of an illness. (see -shangumuna). int. -
shngumukeida (shangumukeEzi) to return for good (illness).
-shangumuna (shanguzi) v.t. (1) to excite, to infuriate: U sike wa shangumuna
limuka. take care not to excite the bees. (2) to provoke the recurrence of
illness: Butuku mwa hae bu shangumuzwi ki mabote, the recurrence of his
ill-ness was provoked by his over-ti-redness. syn. -zuha. rel. -shangumu-
nela (shangumunezi) to excite in-tentionally.
-shangutuh (shangutuzi) v.t. to lay out things which were heaped up. rel. -
shangutubla (shangutuizi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shangutulba
(shanutulisize) to help to ~.
shangvwe ! interj. Luysna. expressing politeness and following a saluta-tion
or a call: lWu lumele shangwe, good morning, sir; Eni, shangwe {Eni shaJ
yrs sir; also used to em-phasize approval, acknowledge-ment, etc. (see -
sha).
-shanjala
-shanjab1 (shanjalik) v.t. to cut meat into small pieces with an axe. rel. -
shn~kb (shanjakzi) to ~ for someone. freq. -shan~itah (sh nJa-talik) to
cut meat into very small pleces.
-shanjala2 (shanjalik) v.i. to sear or declare on oath (calling God to
witness). syn. -konka, -tapanya. rel. -shanjaiela (shanjalezi) to charge a
person on oath through someone. freq. -shanjatala (shanjatalile) to sear
very seriously, to make a very strong oath.
ehanona (shanozi) v.t. to tear into pieces (paper, cassava roots before
drying etc.) syn. -pazula. rel. -shanoneb (shanonezi) to ~ for someone.
caus. -shanonisa (shano-nisize) to help to ~. int. -shanone-kla
(shanonelezi) to ~ completely. ref. -;shanonena (ishanonezi) to ~ for
oneself.
-shanyauka (shanysukile) v.i. (1) to get spoiled, worn out (paddles in
rapids, hoes after a long service, etc) (2) to fall into crumbs (manioc,
etc.) caus. -shanysukisa (shanyaukisize) to cause to ~. int. -
shanysukelela (shanysukelelezi) to get completely spoiled.
-shanysuna (shanysuzi) v.t. to break into pieces (cassava roots); to wear
out. syn. -shanauna. rel. -sha-nysunela (shanysunezi) to ~ for someone.
caus. -shanysunisa (sha-nysunisize) to help, to cause to ~: Macwe a
shanyauzi mabe a lilabo za luna, the rocks have worn the blades of our
paddles.
-shanana (sha–ani or shananine) v.i. to contort one's face with anger to show
in the face one's sickness. cf. -sosobana. caus. -sha–anisa (sha-–anisize)
to cause someone's face to change (sickness, anger, dis-gust, etc.)
-shapa (shapile) v.t. to beat, to lash, to flog, to thrash. der. mushapi, si-
shapiso. cf. -nata. rel. -shapela (sha-pezi) to scourge for a reason: IVi
mu shapezi ku sa utwa kwa hae, I beat him for his disobedience. caw. -
shapisa (shapisize) to cause or to help to ~. int. -shapelela (sha-peiezi)
to beat a whole group (chil-dren) rec. -shapana (shapani or sha: panik) to
 beat each other, to fight. freq. a) -shapanga to have the habit of
beating; b) -shapaka (shapakile) to thrash repeatedly and severely
-shapuka (shapukile) v.i. to show in-telligence, brains, wisdom in words or
in deeds. cf. -talifa. rel. -shapukela (shapukezi) to owe intel-ligence
to: Kanana ka, ka shapukezi mwa mba, that child inherited brains.
-shasha (shashik) v.i. to turn sour, to become rancid. caus. -shashisa
(shashisize) to cause to ~.
-sh shama (shashmi or shashamile) v.i. to be infused (medicines). cf. -
ombama.
-shashamana (shashamani or shasha-manine) v.i. to stand in order to see or
admire something. der. I;shasha-mana. syn. -cimana. rel. -shashama-nela
(shashamanezi) to go to ~. caus. -shashamanisa (shashamani-size) to cause
to ~.
~shangela (shashangezi) v.i. to walk slowly without strength or in grief syn.
-onjaela, -ndombysela. rel. -shouhangelela (shashangelezi) to walk slowly
towards. caus. -sha-shangelisa (shashangelisize) to cause someone to drag
himself along; rel. -shashangeliseza (sha-shangeliselize) to accompany
somewhere a person too weak to walk alone. ref. -isishangdisa
(isilashangelisize) to drag oneself along.
-shasheka (shashekiie) v.t. to soak, to immerse (medicinal roots). cf. -
mbvenv eka, -ombeka. rel. -sha-shekela (shashekezi) to ~ for someone. ref.
-ishashekela (ishashe-kezi) to ~ for oneself.
~shela (shashezi) or shashelela (shashelezi) v.t. to consult the di-vining
bones. syn. -laub, -shebu-luka.
-shashulula (shashuluzi) v.t. (1) to speak openly and without fear, to
explain things fearlessly. (2) to beat (make resound) (referring to the
second drum of a group of three). der. mushashululi. rel. -sh-shululela
(shashululezi) to make re-velations to. caus. -shashululua
(shashululisize) to incite someone to speak openly.
-shashumuka (shashumukik) v.i. to get warm: Ku se ku shashumukile cwale. it
is already warm now. syn. -tutumuka
-shata (shatik) v.i. to jump from branch to branch (monkeys, squir-rels,
etc.)
-shatana (shatani) v.i. to move about from seat to seat (in a ga-thering)
syn. -shatuka fig. to speak illogically, jumping from one idea to another.
caus. -shatanisa (shata-nisize) to cause to ~.
-shatoka (shatokile) v.i. to jump from one stone or log, etc. to an-other.
syn. -tana. fig. to suffer from instability, fickleness; to speak il-
logically. caus. -shatokisa (shatoki-size) to cause to ~.
-shatuka (shatukile) v.i. as-shatana.
-shatuka2 (shatukik) v.i. to walk a short distance. der. kashatu.
-shatula (shatuzi) v.t. to change a thing from one place to another. fig. (1)
to go back to marital life after a time of continence, due to the birth of
a child: Ku maswe ku shatula mwana a sa li yo munyi-nyani, it is unwise to
go back to a marital life when a child still needs the whole care of his
mother (before he is weaned) (2) to take someone across a river: Ni ftile
kale fa likamba. kono ne ni tokwile mutu wa ku ni shatula; I arrived a
long time ago on the shore, but I found nobody to take me across the
river. ref. -ishatula (ishatuui) to move from one side to another
(paddlers); to change a load from one shoulder to the other.
-shuta (shautile) v.t. Eng. to be dis-respectful to someone, to revile, to
dishonour. syn. -tompolola.
-sheal (sheile) v.t. to push away from the shore: ku shea mukolo fa li-kamba,
to push a canoe into the deep. cf. -kasha, -sundb.
-shea2 (sheile) v.t. to pray to royal ancestors at a royal tomb. der. mushei.
cf. -pailela.
-shebal (shebile) v.i. to be poor, indi-gent. syn. -botana. caus. -shebisa
(shebisize) to cause poverty, misery.
-sheba2 (shebile) v.t. (1) to prune, to lop, to cut off branches. syn. -
shaba. cf. -kob Á (1) to weed a manioc garden. rel. -shebela (she-bezi) to
~ for someone. cauu. -she-bisa (shebuize) to help to ~.
-sheba3 (shebile) v.t. to cut pieces of bark from a tree in order to make
medicines. (see maembe or mayembe). rel. -shebela (shebezi) to ~ for
someone. caus. -shebisa (she-bisize) to help to ~.
-shebuka (shebukile) v.i. to have a small bottom (anat.)
-shebuluka (shebulukile) v.t. Luyaha. to cast divining bones. der.
mushebuluki. syn. -laula, cf. -shasheb. rel. -shebulukela. (shebu-lukezi)
to ~ for someone. caus. -shebulukisa (shebulukisize) to cause to ~ ! Se si
tilo ni shebulukisa cwana ki mwanaka ya kula, it is my child's sickness
that made me come and ask for a divining con-sultation. ref. -;shebuluka
(ishebulu- kile) to look for a diviner for one-self.
-sheka (shekile) v.i. Luyana. to laugh, syn. -seha.
-shekala (shekalile) v.i. to lie at the bottom of water: Ni bona mukolo o
shekalilefa lilaho la nuka. I see a canoe Iying at the bottom of the
river. fig. to shed many tears
-shekela (shekezi) v.i. to sink to the bottom (like dirt in water); to be
decanted, to become pure
-shekesha (shekffhile) v.i. to be loose (tools, leg of a table, etc.) caus. -
shekeshisa (shekeshisize) or-sheketisa (sheketisize) to loosen something:
Mu shekeshise sitoli, ki hona si ka mi bela bunolo, loosen the cattle
pole, then it will come out easily
-shela (shelile) v.i. to pass through or under an obstacle cf. -fita. flg. to
escape. fig. exp.: ku shela mwa lito la ndonga: to escape trouble,
difficulties, to be lucky (lit. to pass through the eye of a needle) caus.
-shelisa (shelisize) to make someone pass through an obstacle.
-shelana (shelani or shelanile) v.i. to miss each other taking different
paths. fig. exp. ku shelana ka manzwi, to be unable to under-stand each
other when talking. syn. -bushana.
-shelauka (shelaukile) or -sheloka (shelokile) v.i. (water) to be agi-tated,
to spring; to boil, cf. -we-lauka.
shele–i or shili–i (ma-) n. Eng. shil-ling.
sheli (bo-) n. French. beloved. syn. mulatiwa, dali.
-sheluka (shelukile) v.i. (water) to come up (through the ground etc.) to run
over fig. to be brought up again: Litaba za hae li shelukile hape, his
case is coming up again syn. -weluka. freq. -shelauka (she-laukike) (see -
shelauka).
-shelukela (shelukezi) v.i. to slope gently: Ha ku na munanga hande ku
shelukezi, there is no steep bank but just as gentle slope.
-shelula1 (sheluzi) v.t. to cause trouble (by words or deeds) der.
mulishelula. rel. -shelulela (shelu-lezi) to get someone into trouble by
thoughtless behaviour. ref. -ishelulela (ishelulezi) to get oneself
inadvertently into trouble.
-shelula2 (sbeluzi) v.l. & v.t. to belch: Ku shelula inge mwanana ku maswe,
it is impolite to belch like a child Mwanana u sheluzi mabisi, u anyize
hahulu, the baby sucked a lot, and so spluttered out some milk.
-shelumuka (shelumukile) v.i. to slip down, to slide down, to glide down cf.
-telela. rel. -shelumukela (shelumukezi) to ~ to
-sbem l (shemile) v.t. to bite off (food); to peel off bark syn. -ketula cf.
-komona.
shema2 (shemine) v.i. Luyana. to give binh der. mushemi, lishemew. syn. -
pepa, -leya. cf. -zwala.
-shemaeta (shemaetile or shemae-tite) v.t. to provoke, to excite. der.
mushemaeti. syn. -shembata, cf. -su-sueza.
-shemba (shembile) v.t. to betray, to have bad designs against; to lead into
temptation or trouble. der. mushembi, sishembiso, cf. -beteka, -oka. rel.
-shembela (shembezi) to lead someone into temptation or trouble at the
request of, another caus. -shembisa (shembisize) to per-suade someone to
betray or to tempt rec. -shembana (shembani or shembanile) to mutually
induce into temptation freq. -shembanga to be inclined to lead into
tempta-tion. red. -shemba-shemba (shemba- shembile) to comfort, to
console; to soothe an offended person, to flatter, to adulate. ref. -
ishemba (ishembile) as rec. syn. -shika-shika.
-shembata (shembatile) v.t. to pro-voke, to excite someone to fight syn. -
shemaeta.
-shemuba (shemubile) v.t. Luyana. to have compassion, to have mercy on, to
have pity on; to do a favour to. der. mushemubi, si-shemw, rel. -shemubela
(shemubezi) to have compassion for some reason: U mu shemubezi–i kanti ki
mutu ya maswe? why did you show him compassion when he is a bad man?
-shemuna (shemuzi) v.t. to forge anew and sharpen a worn tool (axeb hoe,
etc.) der. mushemuni. rel. -shemunela (shemunezi) or-shemu-nena
(shemunezi) to ~ for some-one caus. -shemunisa(shemunisize) to help to
~. int. -shemunekb (she-munelelezi) to ~ all the tools needing to be
repaired. ref. -ishe-munela (ishemunezi) or -ishemu-nena (ishemunezi) to ~
for oneslef.
-shemutula (shemahzi) v.t. Luyana. (humans or animals) to give birth to many
offspring. rel. -shemutulela (shemutulezi) to give birth to many children
in a certain place: Bana ba hae u il'o ba shemutulela mwa njanji; she had
all her numerous children when she was on the line of rail
-shenda1 (shendile) v.t. not to think much of, to upbraid, to despise, to
disapprove (of), to blame; to mock der. mushendi, Ihhendo. rel. -shendela
(shendezi) to ~ for some reason: Ba mu shendezi i–i? why have they
disapproved of him? caus. -shendisa (shendisize) to cause to ~. stat. -
shendeha (shen- dehile) to be blameworthy int. -stat. -shendahala
(shendahqlile) to be disapprove of each other. freq. -shendanga or -
shendaula (shen-dauzi) to be inclined to ~. ref. -ishenda (ishendile) as
rec.
-shenda2 (shendile) v.t. to dismiss, to discharge, to sack. der. mushendi,
lishendo, cf. -tulula, -zwisa. rel.-shendela (shendezi) to ~ for a reason:
Ba mu shendezi buzwa bwa hae, they discharged him because of his laziness
caus. -shetidha (shendisize) to cause to ~.
-shendama (shendami or shendamil ) v.i. to lean; to lie on the side, to lean
on the elbow; to fall asleep der. imushendami. cf. -engula. fig. to
slander (lit.) to continually have someone's name on one's lips. syn. -
engama. caus. -shendamisa (shen-damisize) or-shendeka (shendekile) to lay
someone down: A ku yo shen-deka munyan-a hao bona s-a ozela look, your
little b;other is falling asleep, go and lay him down. red. -shenda-shenda
(shenda-shendile) to want to lie down.
-shendeka (shendekile) v.t. to start to cut a new forest garden. der.
mushendiki. syn. -heba. rel. -shende-kela (shendekezi) to ~ for some-one.
caus. -shendekha (shendeki-size) to help to ~ ref. -ishendekela
(ishendekezi) to ~ by oneself: Unomwaha ni ka ishendekela kate-manyana, I
am going to start a small forest garden for myself this year
-shendekela (shendekezi) v.t. to speak ironically to someone. der.
mashendekela.
-shenduka (shendukile) v.i. to leave the shore: MuSwke hahulu mukolo o. u
sike wa shenduka: pull strongly the canoe right up unto the shore to
prevent it from being taken by
the current. rel. -shendukela (shen-dukezi) to ~ in a certain direction.
Mukolo u shendukezi mwa ngala, the canoe was taken to the deep. caus. -
shendukisa (shendukisize) to cause to ~.
-shendula1 (shenduzi) v.t. to push away from the shore; rel. -shendu-lela
(shendulezi) to push canoe somewhere from the shore. caus. -shendulisa
(shendulisize) to help people to leave the shore.
-shendula2 (shenduzi) v.t. to begin to beat the Litunga's Muenduko drum.
-shenga1 (shengile) v.i. & v.t. to be sharp, to be pointed; to sharpen, to
point. der. mushengi' sishengiso, mushengelo. cf. -loza. rel. -shengela
(shengezi) to sharpen for some-onel caus. -shengisa (shengisize) to help
to sharpen: A mu to ni sheng-isa kwa litupa, please come and help me to
point some sticks. fig. to frighten: Mu zamaye hande mu ka shengisa mazwii
ani; walk care-fully, otherwise you will frighten those lechwe over there.
int. -shengelela (shengelezi) fig. to di-sappear being a prey to fear.
-shenga2 (shengile) v.i. to be aware of danger, to foresee trouble. Lifolo-
folo se li shengile ha li sa bonwa mazazi a; the animals fled away, for we
do not see them any more nowadays. syn. -shungula. fig. caus. -shengisa
(shengisize) to reveal, to make aware of a danger: Mu mu shembe hande mu
ka mu shengisa; deal gently with him otherwise he will notice your
intention about him. int. -shengelela (shengelezi) to fear and go for
good.
-shenga3 (shengile) v.t. to husk (maize, millet, etc.) by pounding. der.
mushengi, sishenga. cf. -cokola. rel. -shengela (shengezi) to ~ for
someone. caus. -shengisa (shengi- size) to help to ~. int. -shengelela
(shengelezi) to ~ completely. rec. -shengisana (shengisani or shengisa-
nile) to help each other by husking grain in turn. ref. -lshengela
(ishengezi) to husk grain for one-self.
-shengula (shenguzi) v.t. (1) to mock, to scoff, to jeer, to deride. (2) to
have sexual intercourse. der. mushenguli, mushengu. syn. -soma. rel. -
shengulela (shengulezi) to offend someone by committing adultery with his
wife, to have sexual intercourse somewhere caus. -shengulisa
(shengulisize) to arrange for someone to commit adultery with another's
wife. rec. -shengulana (shengulani or shengula-nile) to scoff each other;
to have sexual intercourse. ref. -lshengula (ishenguzi) as rec.
-shengunu ka ( shengunukile ) v. i. to melt, to melt away, to liquefy. syn. -
hakuluha. rel. -shengunukela (shengunukezi) to - somewhere: Mafula a
shengunukezi fafasi, grease melted into the soil. caus. -shengunukisa
(shengunukisize) or shengunusa (shengunusize) to cause to ~.
-shengwaeta (shengwaetile or sheng-waetite) v.i. & v.t. to find or give
excuses in order to avoid work; caus. -shengwaetisa (shengwaeti-size) to
incite someone to ~. syn. -zwafisa.
-shenja (shenjile) v.t. to pursue a wild animal while hunting, to chase; to
send away: Cwale u ka kena mwa butata kakuli ba mu shen-jilefa musebezi,
he will now find it difficult to live, for they have dis-missed him from
his work. der. mu-shenji, lishenja. syn. -putuma, -tong-ama, -manama, -
landameka. caus.-

shenjisa (shenjisize) to help to chase

-shenuna (shenuzi) v.i. to grimace; to snarl, to show the teeth (as a dog)
fig. (1) to be reluctant: Ku ba fa musebezi, bona ba shenonafela, although
we offer them work they just grimace. (2) to wait long: Lu li ka yo
shenuna, kifo lu il'o zwa lu sa fumani.se siinwi; we came back with an
emptv bag, although we have been waiting for very long. rel. -shenunela
(shenunezi) to show the teeth at caus. -shenunisa (shenuni-size) to make a
dog snarl.
-shenya1 (shenyize) v.i. Luyana. to move on when squatting, to crawl when
sitting. der. sishenyangi, si-shenyi, mushenyango. cf. -hoboba. rel. -
shenyela (shenyezi) or -she-nyeza (shenyelize) to move some-where when
squatting: Shenyeza kwahule, u ta ca mulilo; move from the fire otherwise
you will be burnt. caus. -shenyisa (shenyisize) to help someone sitting to
 move about: to push heavy things Iying on the ground: Mu shenyise mung-omo
wo wa petulu, move away this drum of petrol. int. -shenyelela (shenyelezi)
fig. exp. ku shenyelela lico, to sit down for a long time ex-pecting to be
given food red. -shenya-shenya (shenya-shenyize) to move with difficulty:
S'a skenya-shenya fela, ha sa kona ku zamaya, he cannot walk anymore, he
can just move about. ref. -lshenyisa (ishenyisize) to move by one's own
means.
-shenya2 (shenyize) v.t. to curse, to wish evil upon, to utter impreca-tions.
syn. -kuta, -ndandala. caus. -shenyisa (shenyisize) to subject someone to
a curse, to cause mis-fortune to someone. ref. -lshenyisa (ishenyisize) to
make oneself liable to be cursed.
-sheshela (shehezi) v.i. to walk with short and swift steps. syn. -shina-
shina, -tota. caus. -sheshelisa (she-shelisize) to cause to ~.
-sheshemba (sheshembile) v.t. to challenge persistently. fig. to start in a
small way growing larger and larger (wild fire).
-sheshuluka (sheshulukile) v.i. to be recurrent, to come back periodi-cally
(as in abscess). syn. -fufuluka.
-sheta1 (shetile) v.i. to sink, to settle, to subside (mealie meal in a bag,
etc.)
-sheta2 (shetile) v.t. to lift up a child in his tali to make him comfort-
able.
-sheta3 (shetile) v.t. & v.t. to be harassed, oppressed, tormented by want
need or poverty. syn. -nyanda; to trouble, to harass, to worry. syn, -
shupa~ -kataza. caus. -shetisa (shetisize) to cause some-one's torment.
ref. -lshetisa (isheti-size) to cause one's own torment.
-shetula (shetuzi) v.t. to divine (using the divining basket). cf. laula. -
shebuluka.
-shetumuka (shetumukile) v.t. to go down hill, to descend. der. njetu-muko,
cf. -ngenyuka. rel. -shetumu-kela (shetumukisa (shetumukisize) or -
shetumuna (shetumuzi) to help someone down hill; to take some-thing down
hill; to accompany: Ki busihu mu shetumune mwana habo mina, u ka saba; it
is late, take your friend back home otherwise he will be frightened. int.
-shetumuke-lela (shetumukelelezi) to go down for good.
-sheula (sheuzi) v.t. to weed. der. musheuli, musheulisi, musheu. cf.-tahula.
fig. to hurt severely with a hoe. rel. -sheulela (sheulezi) to weed for
someone. caus. -sheulisa (sheulisize) to order or to help to weed. int. -
sheulelela (sheulelezi) to make a whole area clean by weed-ing.
-sheununa (sheunuzi) v.t. to laugh at someone's words or manners even when
there is no reason for it. cf. -seha. caus. -sheununisa (sheununi-size) to
cause to ~.
shewa! shewa! interj. expressing the gait of a corpulent person.
-shewanga (shewangile) v.i. to walk clumsily (like a corpulent person).
shi! interj. expressing surprise, sad-ness, etc. Shi! na kwa bumai, ni li ka
ya kafa ha nifumani musebezi! gosh ! l really do have bad luck, for I do
not find work wherever I go.
-shiama (shiami or shiamile) v.i. to live a blameless life: Mwanaka pilu ya
hae i shiami hande; my child really has a blameless life. caus.-shiamisa
(shiamisize) (1) to control one's temper; to help someone to control
himself. (2) to have a new Paramount Chief seated on the lioma (on the
occassion of his enthronement).
-shieka (shiekile) v.t. to control one's temper, to master one's way of
speaking: U no shieka linzwi fafasi ha u bulela, do lower your voice when
you speak.
-shika-shika (shika-shikile) v.t. to comfort, to console to soothe an
offended person. syn. -shemba-shemba.
-shikala (shikalile) or-shikama (shi-kami or shikamile) v.t. to carry a heavy
load on the shouider.
-shikula (shikuzi) v.t. to greet a person by using the name of his clan: Mu
lumele lnalitongo, mu zwa kai? good morning lnalitongo where are you
coming from? der. mushiku.
-shilela (shilezi) v.i. to remain raw though long on the fire (as vegeta-ble
marrows); to stop growing due to excessive heat (plants); to grow slowly
(underfed child). fig. to be completely insensible (due to a hard life
der. sishekeleti. syn. -cinela.
-shimba (shimbile v.t. Luyana. to carry. mushimbi, mushimbo, sishim-belo,
mushi- mbelo , nokushimba , ma-shimbanu. syn. -lwala. rel. -shimbela
(shimbezi) to carry to; to carry for someone. caus. -shimbisa (shimbi-
size) to order or to help to carry int. -shimbelela (shimbelezi) to carry
the whole lot int. -shimbu-lula (shimbuluzi) to displace, to shift. ref.
(1) -ishimba (ishimbile to be pregnant; (2) -ishimbela (ishim-bezi) to
carrv for oneself
-shimbela (shimbezi) v.t. to make dykes to catch fish. der. mushim-bela
mushimbeli. rel. -shimbelela (shimbelezi) to ~ as a favour to someone.
caus. -shimbelisa (shimbe-lisize) to help to ~. ref. -ishimbe-lela
(ishimbelezi) to ~ for oneself.
-shimbuluka (shimbulukile) v.i. to be displaced, to shift, to move. der.
mushimbuluko. fig. to show an im-provement: Butuku bwa hae ha bu
shimbuluki, his iliness is showing no Improvement. cf. -tuta. rel. -
shimbulukela (shimbulukezi) to move somewhere: Lifolofolo se li
shimbulukezi ko ku na ni mezi, the animals have already moved to where
there is water. caus. -shim-bulukisa (shimbulukisize) to cause to ~. int.
-shimbulukelela (shimbu-lukelelezi) to be moved for good
-shimbulula (shimbuluzi) v.t. to move, to displace, to shift, to transfer
from one place to an-other; to promote; to remove something from one
container to another. der. mushimbululi, sishim- bululelo. rel. -
shimbululela (shimbu-lulezi) to ~ somewhere or for someone caus. -
shimbululisa(shim-bululisize) to cause~ to help, to ordcr to ~. int. -
shimbululelela (shimbululelezi) to ~ everything completely. ref. -
lshimbulula (ishim-buluzi ) fig. to leave, to depart to go aWay .Va na
ishimbulula. ha ni lati matuma ' I am leaving for I do not likc wounds.
-shimeha (shimehile) v.t. see -simeha.
-shimiketa (soimiketile or shimike-tite) v.t. to explain sad events at length
and in an excited manner. der. mushimiketi. rel. -shimiketela
(shimiketezi) to ~ to someone. caus. -shimiketisa (shimiketisize) to cause
to ~.
-shimuka (shimukile) v.i. to com-plain about insoluble difficulties, to
express regret about things which cannot be changed. rel. -shi-mukela
(shimukezi) to whisper to, to tell a secret to. syn. -seba. freq. -
shimauka (shimaukile) or-shimoka (shimokile) to ~ all the time caus. -
shimaukisa (shimaukisize) to cause to ~ all the time. - -.. -..
-shina-shina (shina-shinile) v.i. to walk with short and swift steps (as
persons carrying a heavy load). syn. -tota, -sheshela. caus. -shina-
shinisa (shina-shinize) to cause to
-shinda1 (shindile) v.t. to beat, to strike syn. -nata, etc
-shinda2 (shindile) v.i. to dance der. sishinda. syn. -bina.
-shineka (shinekile) v.t. to put on someone's shouiders a load too heavy for
him. ref. -ishineka (ishi-nekile) to lift up and put a heavy load on one's
shouiders.
-shina (shinile) v.t. to bring misfor-tune or cause an accident by a spell
cast over someone from a distance. der. mushino, syn. -bima, cf. -posa.
-shishimana (shishimani) v.i. to stop in surprise or fear.
-shita (shitile) or-shiteka (shitekile) v.t. (1) to hide very carefully: Mutu
ha bonwi, ha lu zibi kapa ba mu shi-tekile mwa litindi, we don't sce the
man any more, and we suspect that they hid him under a litindi. (2) to
 throttle rel. -shitela (shitezi) or -shitekela (shitekezi) to hide for
someone. caus. -shitekisa (shiteki-size) to help to hide rec. -shitana
(shitani or shitanile) to fight (two people) ref. -lshita (ishitile) as
rec. -ishiteka (ishitekile) fig. to disap-pear for a time U n'o ishitekile
kai mazazi a? U no sa bonwi where do you hide yourself these days? you
were not seen around
-shitama (shitami or shitamile) v.i. to be covered by something: Tipa ya ka
mwendi i shitami mwa musha-bati, mazazi a ha i bonwi; I don't see my knife
these days, perhaps it got lost in the sand. fig. to beg per-sistently.
rel. -shitamela (shitamezi) fig. to wait a long time for help
-shitanguta (shitangutite or shitang-utile) v.i. to quote proverbs, old
sayings, praises. der. lishitanguti. svn. -loka. cf. -tanguta. rel. -shi-
tangutela (shitangutezi) to recite proverbs, old sayings or praises to
someone.
-shiteka (shitekile) v.t. sce shita.
-shituka (shitukile) v.i. to rise very early. syn. -pakela, -meneka. cf. -
pumbuka. fig. to come out of the ground: Tipa ve ne shitami ishitukile mwa
mubu, the knife which was lost in the ground turned up again rel. -
shitukela (shitukezi) to rise early with the intention of going somewhere
caus. -shitukisa (shitu- kisize) to awaken early. freq. -shi-tukanga to
be inclined to rise early in the morning. ref. -ishitukisa (ishitukisize)
to get up early: Mwa-naka, kini ha u ishitukisize cwana wa bona ku bata
hahulu kacenu; why did you get up so early my child you see it is very
cold today?
shitula1 (shituzi) v.t. to attire a dancer with a dancing dress (see siye).
shitula2 (shituzi) v.t. to take out of the ground to dig up, to unearth. der,
mushituli, syn. -pumbula. fig. (1) to discover secrets; (2) to run fast.
rel. -shitulela (shitulezi) fig. to run quickly somewhere. caus. -shi-
tulisa (shitulisize) fig. to frighten to cause a sudden fright: Kanti u na
ni boi, ni mu shitulisize ka ku mu bembafela; he is just a coward, for I
made him run away by frighten-ing him.
shiuka (shiukile) v.i. to be pouring (as very heavy rain). der. lishiushiu.
rel. -shiukela (shiukezi) to fall upon suddenly and with strength (lightn-
ing, illness, etc.) fig. to seize very strongly. int. -shiukelela (shiuke-
lezi) to do considerable damage (lightning).
-shobana (shobani or shobanile) v.i. to mix; to mingle (people). caus. -
shobanisa (shobanisize) to cause to mix.
shobola1 (shobozi) v.t. to insult: to curse syn. -lwaha, -tapula. freq. -
shobaula (shobauzi) to insult badls and repeatedly.
-shobola2 (sholozi) v.t. to crush. to pound leaves.
-shobota (shobotile) v.t. to whisper. der. mushoboti, mishoboto. rel. -
shobotela (shobotezi) to whisper to someone. calis. shobotisua (shoboti-
size) to cause someone to whisper. red. -shobota-shobota (shobota-
sho- botile) to whisper every now and then. rec. -shobotelana (shobote-
lani) to whisper secrets to each other. ref. -ishobotela (ishobotezi) as
rec.
-shoela (shoezi) or -showela (sho-wezi) v.i. to sing in a chorus (dance) see
-tabeleza. der. musho-weli. caus. -shoelisa (shoelisize) to make people
join in a chorus
-shoelela (shoelezi) or -showelela (showelezi) v.i. & v.t. to give the royal
salutation; to give the royal salutation as a token of gratitude for a
favour granted by the Li-tunga. der. mushoweleli. mushowe-lelisi,
sishoweleliso, mushowelelelo. caus. -showelelisa (showelelisize) to
accompany someone giving the royal salutation.
-shoka (shokile) v.i. to observe, to scout, to spy. der, mushoki. cf. -twela,
-nangela. rel. -shokela (sho-kezi) to ~ on behalf of someone. caus. -
shokisa (shokisize) to join in scouting, spying.
-shokamena (shokamezi) v.t. to lie in wait, to lurk, to ambush. der.
mushokameni. cf. -lalela.
-shokoka (shokokile) v.i. to come off (as an axe or a hoe from its handie).
syn. -kuleha. rel. -shoke-kela (shokokezi) (1) to endanger someone by
coming off (axe, etc ) Banana a mu sabe kwa capu. i ka n1i shokokela,
children get away from the wood-cutter for the axe might come off and harm
you. (2) to become wedged: A mu to ni kume/-lela silepe se, si shokokezi
mwa kota; come and help me to pull out this axe which has got wedged in
the wood. caus. -shokokisa (shokoki-size) to cause to ~
-shokola (shokozi) v.t. to take out, to pull out, to extract (a tooth) der.
mushokoli. syn. -kumula. rel. - shokolela (shokolezi) to ~ for someone.
caus. -shokolisa (shokoli-size) to help to ~. int. -shokolelela
(shokolelezi) to take out comple-tely freq. -shokaula (shokauzi) to take
out one after anothern
-shokomisa (shokomisize) v.t. to eat huhobe with roasted meat or fish. syn. -
tafunisa, -shomekisa, -lume-leza.
-shokomoka (shokomokile) v.i. to come out, to appear unexpectedly. der.
lishokomoki. rel. -shokomokela (shokomokezi) to appear unexpec-tedly
before someone: Sipulumuki sa lu shokomokela, a mad person suddenly
appeared before us.
-shokomona (shokomozi) v.t. to bring out, to produce: Shokomona sikwama sa
hao, ni bone kapa ha ku na mali; produce your purse so that I may see if
there is really no money in it; to find a lost thing, to discover: U
shokomozi kai tipaye.ye ne latehile? where did you find that knife which
was lost?
-shokona (shokonine) v.t. to rub in the hands (grain, fruit) etc. cf. -
polola.
-shokonena (shokonezi) v.i. to be happy on sceing the near fulfil-ment of a
desire.
-shokota (shokotile) v.i. to make noise in treading on dry leaves or
branches. syn. -sholokota.
-shokotola (shokotozi) v.t. as -sho-kola.
-sholoka (sholokile) v.i. to make a great noise (as a group of excited
people! dogs, etc.); to make an uproar, a hurlyburly; to shout for joy.
der. musholoko. rel. -sholokela (sholokezi) to make a great noise in
order to prevent someone from speaking (reactionary meeting). caus. -
sholokisa (sholokisize) to cause to ~. int. -sholokelela (sholo kelezi)
(everybody) to shout.
-sholokota (sholokotile) v.i. to make noise in treading on dry leaves and
branches (esp. walking in the forest). syn. -shokota.
-shombela (shombezi) v.t. to drink heavily. der. mushombeli. fig. to swallow;
to wrestle. rec. -shombe-lana (shombelani) to wrestle, to fight (two
people).
shombo (li-) n. manioc leaves cooked as a vegetable and used for busunso.
-shomboka (shombokile) v.i. to become startled, frightened, dis-mayed; to
panic. cf. -saba. caus. -shombokisa (shombokisize) to cause to ~. int. -
shombokelela (shombokelezi) to be greatly dis-mayed.
-shombota (shombotile or shombo-tite) v.t. to catch, to steal (birds of
prcy): to pounce, to swoop. rel. -shombotela (shombotezi) to ~ for
someone.
-shoma1 (soomile) v.i. Luyana. to beat drums for the lishoma dance.
-shoma2 (shomile) v.t. to hollow out a piece of wood (as when making a drum,
a stamping block, a wooden vessel, etc.)
-shoma3 (shomile) v.t. Luyana. to start examining a case: Tabaya hae ki kale
ba ishoma; they have al-ready started to examine his case.
-shomekisa (shomekisize) v.t. to eat buXobe with roasted meat or fish. syn. -
shokomisa, -tafunisa, -lume-leza.
-shonda (shondile) v.t. to spear a fish after lying in wait and creeping up
on it. der. mushondi, sishondiso.
-shondalela (shondalezi) v.t. to ad-vance, to walk stealthily (towards
animals etc.) in order to take or to attack by surprise, to stalk syn. -
nanalela.

-shondangela (shondangezi) v.i. to walk slowly without strength or

dispiritedly syn,-ndombyaela.
-shonga (shongile) v.t. to bribe, to divert by advice, to lead astray to
dissuade Ku maswe ka shonga musal'a mutu. it is a reproachable habit to
lead someone's wife astray der. mushongi, sishongi. caus. -shongisa
(shongisize) to cause someone to ~. rec. -shong-ana (shongani or
shonganile) to come to a mutual agreement ref. -ishonga (ishongile) as
rec.
-shongoloka (shongolokile) v.i. to come to light (speaking of secrets or
hidden things)
shongolola (shongolozi) v.t. to harp back to old matters; to relate to people
things unknown to them. der. mushongololi. syn. -shongotola. fig. to
inquire: Ni ya kwa Mongu ku yo shongolola kapa limota li funduka lili, I
am going to Mongu to in-quire about the date when the buses are leaving.
-shongotola ( shongotozi ) v.t . as shongolola.
shonjanga (shonjangile) or -shon-jangela (shonjangezi) v.i. to walk with
difficulty due to weakness or sickness syn. -ndombyaela, -ngu-nyaela, rel.
-shonjangelela (shon-jangelezi) to walk slowly towards caus. -
shonjangelisa (shonjangeli-size) also -shonjangeliseza (shon-
jangeliselize) to accompany some-one walking with difficulty. ref. -
ishonjangeliseza (ishonjangeliselize) to drag oneself along somewhere.
-shonoka (shonokile) v.i. to be straight Ngo ya Rae i shonokile hande ahulu.
his nose is gracefully shaped fig. (1) to pass swiftly: Mwa bona lukwena
lwani, lo shonokela ka vo swala komu; look at that croco-dile rushing to
catch a cow over there (2) to be very hot (sun) Lizazi li shonokile ahoy,
ha lo kon ka zamaya, the sun is`extremely hot, so we cannot leave now (3)
to slink or slip away
-shoshela (shoshezi) v.i. to bring forth new leaves, to bloom again syn, -
tuhela.
-shoshola (shoshozi) v.t. to roast small fish on the fire. rel. -shosho-
lela(shosholezi)to~ forsomeone int. -shosholelela (shosholelezi) to ~ the
whole lot.
shosholoka (shosholokile) v.i. to go away stealthily. syn. -omboloka. rel. -
shosholokela (shosholokezi) to disappear somewhere furtivelv caus. -
shosholokisa (shosholokisizŽ) to take something away furtively -nt. -
shosholokelela (shosholokelezi ) to disappear furtively for good
-shoshota (shoshotile) v.i. (1) to wander up and down, to ramble about, to
wander to and fro, to travel here and there: Mute yo u shoshotile mwa
manaha a manata hahulu, this man has been travel-ling about in many
countries; (2) to walk in dense woodland. der. mushoshoti. caus. -
shoshotisa (sho-shotisize) to lead people travelling around: Mushitu wo u
maswe. u sike wa shoshotisa banana mwateni, this forest is dangerous do
not take children with you when you go into it.
-shotoka (shotokile) v.i. Luvana. to fear, to avoid danger or difficul-ties
der. imushotoki.
-showela (showezi) v.t. sce -shoela.
-showelela (showelezi) v.i. see -shoe-lela.
-showilikana (showilikani or showili-kanile) v.t. to make a noise (as many
people all reproving some-one). syn. -yowilikana.
-shua (shuile) v.t. (women) to fish with baskets. der. mushuwi, sishu-wiso,
syn. -kwenga. rel. -shuela shuezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shuwisa
 (shuwisize) to cause to ~. Ki .sika mani sesi shuamisize manna muhulu yani
fafasi? what made that old man suddenly sit down? freq. -shuatama
(shuatami or shuatamile) to sit down frequently because of illness or
fatigue: Ni katani ni yena a nz'a zamaya a shuatama nzila kau-fela: I met
him on the way sitting down every now and then, over-come by fatigue.
-shua-shua1 (shua-shuile) v.i. to wander about to roam about col-lecting or
spreading news syn. -shuhana. rel. -shua-shuela (shua-shuezi ) to wander
about with a precise intention: Mazazi a mute yo u .vhua-vhuela kwa libato
la hae, this man is habitually visiting the woman he is soon to marry.
caus. -shua-shuisa (shua-shuisize) to cause to ~
-shua-shua2 (shua-shuile) v.i. to dance moving to and fro merrily to welcome
the Litunga.
-shua-shua3 (shua-shuile) v.t. to paddle so as to amuse people.
-shubana (shubani or shubanile) v.i. to wander about. syn. -shua-shua. rel. .
-shubanela ( shubanezi ) to purposely caus. -shubanisa (shuba-nisize) to
cause to ~.
-shubuka (shubukile) v.i. sce -cupuka.
-shubula1¼ (shubuzi) v.t. to slight, to dishonour der.lishubu.syn. -tompo-
lola, -shwaula, -nyefula. caus. -shu-bulisa (shubulisize) to cause to
revile freq. -shubaula (shubauzi) to despise to humble again and again
r f. -ishubaula (ishubauzi) to slight each other.
-shubula2 (shubuzi) v.t. see -cupula.
shuka, n. Eng. sugar. syn. swikili.

-shukela (shukezi) or -shukelwa shukezwi) v.t. to long fort to desire

ardently: Ni shukezi hahulu ka bona mwanaka, I very much desire to see my
child: Bo ma ba shukezwi ka ni bona, my mother ar-dently desires to see me
der. li-shuke. rec. -shukelana (shukelani) to long for each other.
-shukula (shukuzi) v.t. to comb; to dress the hair (of a girl coming from her
initiation, or of a bride). cf. -kamuna.
-shukumuka (shukumukile) v.i. to trickle down, to run out, to leak: Mauza a
shukumukile mwa saka, the millet ran out of the bag. cf. -suluha. rel. -
shukumukela (shuku-mukezi) to trickle down. caus. -shukumukisa
(shukumukisize) to cause to run out. int. -shukumuke-lela (shukumukelezi)
to run out completely.
-shukumuna (shukumuzi) v.t. to pour out, to shed, to cause to run out cf. -
sulula. rel. -shukumunela (shukumunezi) to pour out into. to shed into: to
transfuse. caus. -shu-kumunisa (shukumunisize) to help to ~: A ka to ni
shukumunisa bupi mwa sikhwana, come and help me pour some flour out of the
cala-bash. int. -shukumunelela (shuku-munelezi) to pour out completely.
-shukutula (shukutuzi) v.t. see sha-kutula.
-shukwala (shukwalile) v.i. (hair) to be long and unkempt, to be all ruf-
fled. svn. -zangalakana.
-shulula (shuluzi) v.i. to run down (tears, perspiration, etc ) cf. -suluha.
shulumuka1¼ (shulumukile) v.i. to fall down (rain) rel. -shulumukela (shu-
lumukezi) to come down upon: Molna o Kenile u shulumukezi ba-Apositola ka
lizazi la Pentikonta, the Holy Spirit came down on the Apostles at
Pentecost.
shulumuka2 (shulumukile) v.i. to be well built (people or houses); to stand
straight (trees).
shulya-shulya (shulya-shulile) v.i. to be dogged by ill luck, to drag one-
self along miserably. cf. -yembana.
-shumba (shumbile) v.t. to fish in deep water with a long handled spear. der.
mushumba. cf. -waya. rel. -shumba-shumba (shumba-shumbile) to ~ for a
short while.
-shumbela (shumbezi) v.t. (1) to lengthen a fishing spear handle in order to
make it fit for deep water fishing. (2) to lengthen a skirt or kilt by
 sewing on a piece of ma-terial. der. mushumbeli. rel. -shum-belela
(shumbelezi) to ~ for some-one. ref. ishumbelela (ishumbelezi) to ~ for
oneself.
-shumela (shumezi) or -shumena (shumezi) v.i. to be vigorous, to be strongly
built (human beings, ani-mals, etc.)
-shumusa (shumusize) v.t. to give a little rest (to people): Mu shumuse batu
hanyingyani ba katezi. let the people have a little rest, for they are
tired. cf. -katulusa, -pumulisa. ref. -ishumusa (ishumusize) to take a
rest.
-shumwengena (shumwenezi) v.t. to give a child the name of one of his
ancestors.
-shuna (shunile) v.t. to nibble: Peba i shunile kwa buhobe bwa ka, a mouse
has ben nibbling my huhobe, to take off a piece of something. der.
mashunena. rel. -shunela (shunezi) to ~ for some-o no: A mu ni shunele kwa
kanama ka mina, cut off a small piece of your meat for me.
-shunga-shunga (shunga-shungile ) v.i. to be agitated, as when being on the
point of starting a journey.
-shungama (shungami) v.i. & v.t. (1) to be straight: Nzila i shungami, the
road is straight; (2) to fall upon in order to attack: Ngwe ki kale i mu
shungama, the leopard has already sprung on hlm.
-shungeka (shungekile) v.t. to build correctly according to a carefully
thought out plan: Ndu ye, ba i shungekile hande; they built this house
carefully, it looks just right. ref. -lshungekela (ishungekezi) to ~ for
oneself without the help of others.
-shungekela (shungekezi) v.t. to pre-pare for someone a medicine which is
supposed to help preg-nancy.
shungu! interj. expressing doubt. Ki kale ni shungula, sponge! I doubt it: I
don't believe it any more.
-shungula (shunguzi) v.i. to foresce trouble and shun it. der. mashungu. syn.
-cenjela, -shenga. caus. -shung-ulisa (shungulisize) to raise suspi-cion,
to make aware of a danger. int. -shungulelela (shungulisa (ishungulisize)
to make a fool of oneself by revealing one's inten-tions: Ki wena ya
ishungulisize lifolo Solo zani the animals scattered be-cause they knew
what you were up to
-shungumana (shungumani or shang-umanine) v.i. to squat, to sit down keeping
the knees up. der. mu-shungumanelo.
-shungwata (shungwatile) v.i. as -shungumana.
-shununa1 (shunuzi) v.t. to draw back fore-skin of the penis (anat.) syn. -
byokola.
-shununa2 (shunuzi) v.i. to find use-less reasons for disapproval; to refuse
to listen to warnings. der. mashunuti.

-shuna (shunile) v.t. to turn up, to tuck up one's skirt (as when pass-ing
through water). der. ishunwa. fig. to get ready for fighting; to give
strong support to someone m a difficult situation. inv. -shu–ulula
(shunuluzi) to let down a skirt or trousers which had been tucked up.
-shunuta (shunutile) v.i. see -cunuta.
-shupa (shupile) v.t. to annoy, to worry, to embarrass, to weary, to bore, to
bother. der. mushupi. syn.-filikanya, -undunganya, -kataza. rec. -shupana
(shupani or shupanile) to bother each other. ref. -ishupisa (ishupisize)
to cause one's own torment: U sake wa ishupisa nto ye bunolo, do not allow
yourself to be bothered by trifling matters.
-shupeka (shupekile) v.i. to be in dif-ficulty to suffer, to be miserable, to
be in hardship. der. mushupeki. syn. -nyanda. fig. to climb or ascend with
difficulty (usually refers to train) rel. -shupekela (shu-pekezi) to ~
somewhere: Muti ki yo munde ka shupekela mwa naha ya habo, it is better
 for someone to go through hardship in his own coun-try. int. -shupekelela
(shupekelezi) to be in great difficulty, in great hardship.
-shupuka (shupukile) v.i. see -cupuka.
-shupula (shupuzi) v.t. see -cupula.
-shushuluka (shushulukile) v.i. see -sheshuluka.
-shushumana (shushumani or shushu-manine) v.i. to sit (overcome by sadness or
difficulty); to sit shivering. cf. -ungumana. caus. -shu-shumanisa
(shushumanisize) to cause to ~.
-shushuta (shushutile) v.i. to be dis-satisfied, displeased; to grumble, to
grouse. cf. -nonoleha, -tongoka, - bilaela. caus. -shushutisa (soushuti-
size) to cause dissatisfaction.
-shushwala (shushwalile) v.i. as-shu-shumana.
-shuta1 (shutile) v.t. to miss the target, the goal, the aim, etc., caus. -
shutisa (shutisize) to cause to ~. -shuta2 ( shutile) v.t. to fish
(angling). der. mushuti, kashuto, sishutiso. cf. -yabula rel. -shutela
(shutezi) to ~ for someone. red. -shuta-shuta (shuta-shutile) to ~ for a
little while. ref. -lshutela (ishutezi) to ~ for oneself.
-shutuka (shutukile) v.i. to be plea-sant, satisfying: Bucwala bo, be
shutukile hande; this beer tastes good and strong: Kacenu Mwiya u
shutukile hande mwa suti ya hae ye nca, Mwiya looks very handsome today in
his new suit.
-shutula (shutuzi) v.t. to drink to sip, to taste soft drinks. (jokingly) to
enjoy drinking beer: Kacenu flu ta be shutula, today we shall enjoy a beer
party. der. mushutu. caus. -shutulisa (shutulisize) to offer a drink.
-shuwa (shuwile) v.t. see -shua.
-shuwama (shuwami or shuwamile) v i. sce -shuama. shuwamei! interj. Luyana
expressing a lack: there is none ! there is nothing ! ko ne ba ni Smile,
ka yo Ghana ki shuwamei, there was nothing of what they sent me for!
-shuwila (shuwilile) v.i. to hurry, walking and running alternately. rel. -
shuwilela (shuwilezi) to ~ somewhere. caus. -shuwilisa (shu-wilisize) to
cause to ~.
-shwa (shwile) v.i. to die; to get broken, smashed, destroyed, etc. der.
mushwelo, lushwiso. spec. exp. ka shwa tala, to be hungry; ka shwa
linyolwa, to be thirsty, ka shwa makeke, to have pity upon; ka shwa pilu,
to be insensible to good advice; ka shwa luwewe. to be frightened to
death; ka shwa monde, to die a violent death, to commit suicide, ka shwa
ndialu,to die from homesickness, from nos-talgia; ka shwa mutandalelwa, to
die in loneliness having no one to care for one; ka shwa liokamitwele or
ka shwa muyemuye, to die, nobody knowing where, when and how one has died,
ka shwa muna. to be jealous. syn. -tunumana, -timela, -tokwahala, -
sinyeha, falala, -lateha, -tutubala,-fa, etc. fig. exp. ka shwa mezi a mwa
lush-wana, to die a stupid death due to neglect of warnings or advices.
rel. -shwela (shwezi) to die for; pass. --shwelwa (shwezwi) to sustain a
loss, to deplore someone's death: Ni sh-wezwi ki mwanaka, I lost my child.
int. -shwelela (shwelezi) to expire, to give up the ghost. fig. to love
much: lea ni mu talima cwana inge ni ka shwelela, when I see her, I fecl
like dying of love. ref. -lshwela (ishwezi) to die alone: Komu i ish-wezi
Eli yona, the cow died with no one being aware of the fact or the cow died
on its own (i.e. not killed).
shwalu! interj. expressing the fact of being in great perspiration. (from -
shwaluka).
-shwaluka (shwalukile) v.i. to sweat, to perspire abundantly. der. shwalu!
cf. -fufulelwa.
-shwana (shwanile) v.t. & v.i.to in-herit, to be heir, to succeed to. (2) to
inherit and take the name, title, possessions, etc. of a predecessor. der.
shwana. cf. -yola.
shwana2 (b)-) n. heir, successor. (from -shwana).
-shwatama (shwatami v.i. see -shua-tama.

-shwateka (shwatekile v.t. to hide. syn. -pata. cf. -shweka. rel. -shwate-
kela (shwatekezi) to withhold, to hide for someone: Mu mu shwate-kele
hande buhobe bwa hae, do hide his buhobe and keep it for him. int. -
shwatekelela (shwatekelizi) to hide the lot. ref. -ishwateka (ishwate-
kile) to hide oneself.
-shwauka (shwaukile) v.i. to be des-pised, to be looked down on, to be
disdained, to be laughed at. cf. -tompoloka. rel. -shwaukela (shwau-kezi)
to ~ for a reason: Mute yo-muhulu u maswe ka shwaukelangafa ka ca, a
respectable man should not draw general contempt down upon himself by
drinking or eating too much. int. -shwaukelela (sh-waukelezi) to be
completely held in contempt. stat. -shwaukeha (sh-waukehile) to be
despicable, con-temptible.
-shwaula (shwauzi v.t. to despise, to contempt, to look down on, to dis-dain,
to mock, to belittle, to humi-liate. der. mushwauli, lishwau, kashwau.
syn. -tompolola, -nyefula. rel. -shwaulela (shwaulezi) to ~ for a reason:
Ba mu shwaulezi ka itok-wisa Skate kwa hae, they mocked him for his lack
of self-respect. caus. -shwaulisa (shwaulisize) to cause to ~ rec. -
shwaulana (shwau-lani or shwaulanile) to show mutual disdain. freq. -
shwaulanga to fre-quently ~. ref. -ishwaula (ish-wauzi) to show lack of
self-respect.
-shweka (shwekile) v.t. to hide. syn. -pata, -shwateka.
si', pref. sing. of nouns belonging to class si-li and si-bi.
si2, pron. subj. & obj. of class si-li and si-bi, it: Silabo si lobehile, mi
ya si lobile ki Kacika, the paddle is broken and it is Kacika who broke
it.

-sia (site) v.t. see -siya.

siabelo (liabelo) n. offering, gift; portion, share. (from -aba).
-sila (siezi) v.i. to lag behind, to falh to remain, to remain behind: Mu
siale foo, goodbye (lit. remain there) rel. -sialela (sialezi) to lag
behind, to remain behind (in order to look after the interests of the
village). caus. -sialisa (sialisize) to make someone ~. int. -sialelela
(sialelezi) to stay behind for good. rec. -siana (siani or sianile) (1) to
compete, to contest, to race: Na ha ni koni ka siana ni baba Lila hande, I
can not compete with people who are in good health. (2) to leave behind
(speaking of two people who had agreed to travel to-gether). ref. -isiaza
(isialize) or-isi-alisa (isialisize) to purposely remain behind: U
isialisize ka bomb ha kuliyani; that man is not ill, he just remained
behind on purpose.
sialeto (lialeto) n. see siyaleto.
sialo (lialo) n. see siyalo.
-siama (siami or siamile) v.i. see -sivama.
-siamena (siamezi) v.t. see -siya-mena.
-siana (siani or sianile) v.i. see -siyana.
sianda (lianda) n. see saanda.
siandi (lianda) n. see saandi.
sianga (lianga) n. infirm person cripple; feeble minded person. fig. sianga
or siyanga-imashamba, cro-codile.
sianganu (lianganu) n. idiot, insane person. cf. sitoto, sikuba (from: -
angabala).
siango (liango) n. see sango.
siano (lisiano) n. see siyano. siapalo (liapalo) n. dress, garment, clothes
(from -apala).
siapeiso (liapeiso) n. fire-wood, (any fuel used for cooking) (from -apea).
siapeso (liapeso) n. a cover. syn. sik-wahelo, muko. (from -apesa).
siata (data) n. palm of the hand. syn. singandi.
sibabulani (li-) n. (generic name) caterpillar (itching caterpillar).
sibabule (li-) n. as sibabulani.
sibaka (li or ma-) n. (1) place: Sibaka sani ha si na mezi, there is no water
in that place; (2) dis-tance: Ha ka na sibaka sesi telele mwahali a minzi
ya luna: there is not a great distance between our villages. (3) time: l‚a
ni sika ina .vibaka sesi telele kwani. I did not spend a long time there;
(4) oppor-tunity: Ni kupa sibaka sa ka bulela, I am asking for the
opportunity to speak; (5) persmission: Ku kupa sibaka, to ask for
permission.
sibali (li- or ma-) n. mark, spot on the body scar.
sibamo (li ) n. rim, end (of a fishing net, meat, etc.)
sibandiso (li-) n. any kind of axe or hatchet used in starting to make a dug
out, a sculpture, etc. (from -banda).
sibanga1 (li-) n. African War axe.
sibanga2 (li-) n. reed fishing-trap.
sibangoki (hi-) n. a disobedient, vi-cious person.
sibangwabangwa (bo) n. a playful, cheerful, lively person.
sibapaliso (li-) n. toy, doll, any object to play with. syn. sibebiso' fig.
adult not respected by chil-dren.
sibasiso (li-) n. dye. (from -basa).
sibatana (li-) n. any wild beast or fe-rocious animal.
sibataulo (li-) n. Luyana. marked-out piece of work alloted to work-ers.
(from -batula).
sibatiso (li-) n. pitcher, water bag, etc. used to cool water. (from -bata).
sibebisol (li ) n. an instrument used to give a smooth finish to some wood-
work. (from -beba)
sibebiso2 (li-) n. Luyana. toy, doll, any object to play with. syn. siba-
paliso. (from -beba).
sibebo, n. Luyana. smell: Nja,lta luna i se i lupelela, i utwile sibebo
safolo-folo, our dog is starting to sniff a lot, he has probably smelt an
animal.
sibeiso, n. luck bringing an abun-dant harvest (vegetable marrows, etc.)
(from -beak
sibekiso (li-) n. knife used to cut meat into strips. (from -beka).
sibele-bele (li-) n. crazy and quarrel-some person, who does not fear
anything. syn. sitakutaku.
.sibeli, n. couple pair: Sibeli sa bona ba pica hande, both of them are in
good health: Makaka ka linako za ka kotana a zama~anga sibeli, guh1ea-
fowls go by in pairs during the mating season.
sibeliso (li-) n. grinding stone (mainly used for grinding red millet which
is very hard)
sibengelele (bo-) n. Hammerhead Stork.
sibeta-mashwana (bo-) n. kind of black mambo
sibetiso (li-) n. axe, hatchet or any instrument used for carving, hewing,
etc. (from -beta).
sibeuliso (li-) n. razor, blade, any in-strument used to shave. (from -beula
).
sibi (ii-) n. sin.
sibiana (li-) n. sce sibvana ,
sibili1 (li-) n. puff-adder.
sibili2 n. reality, essence nature: ka sibili, really truly.
sibilibita or sibilimita (ii-) n. Will-o-the- Wisp. syn. simonyeka.

sibima (li-) n. mile, kilometre

sibimbi (li-) n. corpse. syn. situpu.
sibinda, n. ungovernability: mukolo wa sibinda, an uncontrollable canoe. fig.
strong headed person.
sibindi (li-) n. fragment (of any-thing) cf. siemba.
sibiniso (li-) n. reed skirt worn by dancers (from -bina).
sibiti (li-) n. liver. fig. patience.
sibo, n. epidemic.
sibofu (li-) n. blind person. (front -foufala).
sibokololi (li-) n. someone weeping very loudly, wailing. (from -boko-lola.
).
siboleti (li-) n. carrion. (from -bola).
sibonganyi, n. restlessness; big noise made by frightened cattle: IVi utwa
sibonganvi kwa mulaka. Iikomu li kenezwi ki sibatana, a lion has entered
the kraal for I can hear the cattle making a great noise. (from -bongana).
sibonwena (li- or ma-) n. wound scar (from -bonona).
siboyani (li-) n. wild edible tuber.
sibuabui (li-) n. Sotho. talker, tale bearer, chatter-box. syn. mubua-bui,
liambombola. (from -bua.).
sibuba (li-) n. rapids cataract, cas-cade, water-fall, falls. (from -buba).
sibubi (li-) n. venomous spider (kind of tarantula). cf. kakume.
sibubiso (li-) n. manner of making things dwindle grow less, waste away: Lena
u na ni sibubiso, bupi ne li ho Sonata kono buhobe bwa has ki bo
bunyinyani, you have really a way of making things waste away, the flour
was plentiful but the por-tions of buXobe are very small. cf. situtiso.
(from -buba).
sibuiso (li-) n. knife, any instrument used to skin an animal. (from -bua ).

sibuku (li-) n. worm (generic name).

-sibula1 (sibuzi) v.t. to put out or show one's tongue. caus. -sibulisa
(sibulisize) to cause to ~.
-sibula2 (sibuzi) v.i. to blossom (maize, corn, millet, reed, etc.)
sibulaiso (li-) n. anything used for killing. fig. anything which enables one
to buy a desired object: lla ni na sibulaiso, kabe ni itekela kwa litapi
ze, I have no money other-wise I would buy some of these fish. (from -
bulaya).
sibulukeo (li- or ma-) n. any kind of-trunk~ case, container, etc in which
goods or food are kept. (from -buluka).
sibulututu (li- or bi-) n. small hut roughly built. syn. sibuma, cfi si-
lindo.
sibuma (li- or bi-) n. small, rough round hut. syn. sibulututu, cf. si-lindo.
sibumba (li-) n. one of a ruminant's stomachs. cf. ndondo2.
sibunga (li-) n. flower of reed or maize plant.
sibungu (li-) n. Bateleur eagle
sibunu (li-) n. anus (anat.)
sibupeho (li-) n. shape, form, aspect (from -bupa).
sibupiso (li-) n. moulding material (from -bupa).
sibupiwa (li-) n. creature (from -bupa).
sibutu (li-) n. kind of small fish with sharp pointed fins. syn. singongi,
sikoyokoyo, siyokoyoko.
sibuyuyu (li-) n. kind of grass bear-ing very dangerous seeds.
sibyana (li-) n. household articlez utensil: libvana za mutu, personal
effectss belongings.
sicaba (li- or ma-) n. nation. fig. great gathering of people
sicacani (li- or ma-) n. a bush.
sicakacaka (li-) n. flamboyant tree seed-pod. fig. outcast or vagabond fond
of fighting syn. siyakayaka, liwanguwangu.
sicakapukutu (li- or bi-) n. rubbish! sweepings. fig. a destitute person.
sicalo (li-) n. plant (generic name) (from -cala).
sicamu (li- or bi-) n. pawpaw. syn. simpubila.
sicelo (li-) n. sideboard (where people keep food) (from -ca).
sicembwe (bi-) n. Leya Toka. ram (animal).
sicikwele1 (1; or bo-) n. Meyer's Parrot .
sicikwele2 (bo-) n. kind of mush-room .
sicili (li-) n. cow giving very little milk
sicimba (li-) n. fillet of a fish.
sicingani, n. Iack of respect (from -cingana).
siciso (li-) n. any kind of instrument used for preparing~ serving or eating
food. (from -ca)
sico1 (li-) n. food, nurture. (from -ca).
sico2 (li-) n. kind of bird. sicola, adv. quicklys speedily.
sicombulae (bo-) n. very great eatere person never satiated
siconi (li-) n. person who spends years away from home. (from -cona) .
siconkobole (li- or bo-) n. kind of small bird.
sicopwetiso (li-) n. any tool used to stop a leak in a canoe or a barge.
(from -copweta).
sicunkiso (li-) n. dropperz instru-ment used to instiln to pour drops in the
eyesz etc. (from -cunka).
-sieka (siekile) v.t. to put across: Mu sike mwa sieka mukolo, mu utweke
hande; do not beach your canoe obliquelye put it straight.
-siekela (siekezi) v.t. to suck from a cow's udder (speaking of a
calf persisting to suck its mother during the milking)
siemakataku (bo-) n. very active pe rson.
siemana (li- or bi-) n. corner (of a house or a yard) syn. sikuwana.
siemba (li- or bi-) n. fragment, tatter. cf. sibindi.
siemboka (li- or siyemboka (li-) n. Mambunda dance (very popular in Western
Province)
siemo or siyemo (li-) n. stature, tal-lness: height. (from -vema).
siendaendi (bo-) n. see sendaendi.
siendabanji, n. see sendabangi.
siendi (li-) n. see sendi.
siengabaci, adv. see sengabaci.
sieo (li-) n. see seo.
sietete, n. see setete. sifaha (li-) n. necklace, beads.
sifako, n. abundance, plenty, profu-siom glut: Lico li wile sifako. it has
been an excellent harvest: Unomwaha batu ha shwile .sifako, very many
people died this year
sifalana or sifalani (li-) n. plastered granLIry cf. situli, sishete.
sifaliso (li-) n. adze used to scrap skins: any scraper used to remove crusts
in a cooking pot, etc. (from -fala) sifambunge (bo-) n. a men-tally
deficient persons who quicklv loses his temper! a short-tempered person
sifanu (li-) n. poison: bane. fig. a clever person.
sifapano (li-) n. cross
sifapano2 (li-) n. calico of coloured striped pattern: Scottish tartan.
sifate (li-) n. pineapple.
sifateho (li-) n. face (anat).
sifayamayungu (bo-) n. Luyana. person fond of hunting (from -fava)
sifebi (li-) n. Luvana. a person who smokes~ takes snuff. (from -feba)
sifefe (ii-) n. shot-gun

sifekiso (li-) n. Luyana. resem-blance, heredity syn. sihoziso. (from -feka).

sifela (li-) n. Sotho. Hymn book (sce pina)
sifenyi (li-) n. evil-doer, trouble-some person. (from -fenya).
sifetelo (li-) n. churn, vessel in which butter is kept (from -feta).
sifetiso (li-) n. churning staff` kin-dling stick (from -feta)
sifetuliso (li-) n. any instrument used to turn fish or meat on embers or to
take them out of the fire. (from -fetula)
sifi (li-) n. (1) African Barn Owl (9) Marsh Owl.
sifi, interog. pron. (class si-li and si-bi) which? what sort? Silaho .sifi?
which paddle? Siemba siSi? what sort of fragment?
sifi ni sifi, indef. pron. (class si-li-and si-bi) whichever any: Sicaha sifi
ni .vifi, any nation.
sifieliso (ii-) n. sweeping-brush (from -fiela).
sififi, n. poor eye sight. (from -fifala)
sifiha (li-) n. patch of cloth. syn. simanahani, sikamba.
sifiki (li-) n. male dog
sifolomiso (li-) n. brick-mouid. svn. sikolubole. (from -foloma)
sifolozwani (li- or bi-) n. abortive child or beast. syn. mufolozwanh (from -
foloza).
sifosi (li-) n. evil-docr. wrong-docr (from -fosa)
sifwambai, n. old river-bed~ ox-bow lake
sifuba (li-) n. chest (anat.) svm mbando.
sifubelu (bo-) n. person of a very light complexion. (from -fubela).
sifufaeti (ii- or bi-) n. vagabond stramps rolling stone. (from -fufa)
sifufu (li- or bi-) n. rotten wood.

sifufulu (li- or bi-) n. a sickly, ailing, unhealthy person. syn. sifuti.

sifuka (li-) n. unpleasant smell. syn. sinko.
sifukambanda, n. outskirts, suburbs of the capital.
sifulanyundo 1 (bo-) n. Luyana. blacksmith. syn. mutuli.
sifulanyundo 2 (bo-) n. Congo Black-collared Barbet. (bird) sifulatwa or
sifulatwi, n. Luyana. carrying pole with a single load (behind) syn.
sikundawela, cf. mutiyo.
sifuli (li-) n. Red beak Teal (bird) fig. a short person with short arms.
sifuluhiso (li-) n. paddle, anything used as a paddie. (from -fuluha)
sifumbwalume (li-) n. wild vine.
sifunambango, n. Luyana. useless work.
sifunamoko, n. Luyana. as sifunam-bango.
sifunda (li-) n. trace made on the ground or charm used to frighten thieves.
(from -fundela) fig. thing not to be done again: U eze sifunda, u sike wa
kutelafateXii hape! wipe that out, never do it again !
sifungamenyi, n. Luyana. a nearby place: ku lobala sifungamenvi, to sleep
near one's destination.
sifuti (li- or bi-) n. a sickly, ailing, unhealthy person. syn. sifufulu.
sifwacangi (li- or bi-) n. a bad paddier.
sifwakufwaku (li- or bi-) n. vaga-bond, tramp. (from -fwakaela).
siha, adj. white and black male cattle with reference to female cattle:
sihanga).
sihahabi (li- or bi-) n. reptile (from -hohoba)
sihalalelo (li-) n. chancel, sanctuary (of a church)
Sihalaleliso (li-) n. Holy of Holies (Jerusalem Temple)

sihali, adj. feminine. female.

sihamelo (li-) n. any container used when milking animals. syn. kamelo (frou
-hama).
siahu, n. unpleasant smell and taste of burnt meat or buhobe.
siheta (li- or ma-) n. shoe, boot. syn. sikatulo.
sihoho1 (li-) n. binoculars, telescope. (from -hoha) .
sihoho2, n. a long distance (from -hoha).
sihohiso (li-) n. rope used for pull-ing (from -hoha).
sihohoto (li- or bi-) n. a disobedient. stubborn person.
sihole (li- or bi-) n. cripple: incura-ble person. fig. a pregnant woman
(from -holofala).
siholoholo (li- or bi-) n. loins.
sihoto (li- or bi-) n. threshing floor. syn. lipulelo.
sihotolwa (li- or ma-) n. cough (from -hotola).
sihoziso, n. heredity. syn. sifekiso (from -hoza).
sihozo, n. resemblance, likeness (from -hoza).
sihule, n. prostitution: butuku bwa sihule, venereal disease.
sihulu, adv. especially, chiefly, par-ticulary. syn. hahulu.
sihuo or sihuwo (mi-) n. cry, cla-mour (from -huwa).
sihwaba (li-) n. pupil of irregular at-tendances truant: person who does not
like to stay home, wanderer: person difficult to manage, scamp.
sihwana (li- or bi-) n. calabash. fig. senseless person, person who has
nothing to say, empty-headed person.
sihwapa (li-) n. dried fish. Siikalo n. Litunga's Council.
siikuneiiso (li-) n. any defensive weapon syn. sitamuleliso. (from -unela).

siili-ili (li-) n. limbless and headless trunk.

siimbumene-siwambumene (be-) n. Luyana. a credulous person, a person easily
duped.
siimpiti, n. congestion, crush huddle (from -pitihana).
siiponi (li-) n. Iooking-glass, mirror. fig. very good looking person (from -
bona).
siitamuleliso (li-) n. any defensive arm or weapon (from -lamulela) syn.
siikuneliso.
sika1 (li-) n. thing, article, object etc., syn. nto, cf. silo.
-sika2 (sikile) v.t. Eng. (1) to tune a musical instrument, (guitar, etc) (2)
to repair a musical instrument (usually a kanombvo). rel. -sikela (sikezi)
to ~ for someone. ref. -lsi-kela (isikezi) to tune for oneself.
sikabeleti, n. action of depriving or causing someone to suffer loss or
property or privileges: action of ruining someone's chance of suc-cess
through sheer jealousy: des-poliation (from-kabelela)
sikabeliso (li-) n. any kind of small knife used to cut meat or fish for
cooking (from -kabela)
sikaka (li-) n. lower abdomen. syn. sinena.
sikakani adj. neg. Sotho few, not many: bate ba sikakani a few people.
sikakata (li-) n. small fish (when cooked) (from kakata). syn. sinjo-kotela.
sikakuliso (li-) n. special kind of fuel used to fire clay-pots. usually dry
cow-dung (from -kakula)
sikakumba (li-) n. dead palm tree without its crown of leaves.
sikakunka, n. (taken adverbially) with the body straight as a pole: standing
straight up together: Bate band ha yemi sikakunka, ba lela sika manifani?
those people are stand-ing together like poles what are they planning?
sikakuwa (bo-) n. South African Marsh Harrier (bird).
sikala1 n. greediness.
sikala2 (li-) n. Eng. weighing scales, pair of scales; pail or basket used as
a standard measure; heavy weight.
sikalalambo, n. Luyana. (taken ad-verbially) on the same spot. in the same
place: Ha koni ka ina sikala-lambofia musebezi, he is unable to stay for
long in the same job; Lena ha ini sikalalambo kwa manvalo whenever she
marries, she does not stay long with her husband.
sikalamaulu (li-) n. pelvic arch ( anat ).
sikalamunanga (li-) n. cage, coop. (to carry fowls).
sikalanga, n. smallpox syn. buka-langa.
sikalawela (li-) n. shallow hole.
sikalu (li-) n. skin of a chikoe (jigger) left in a wound; root of an
abscess.
-sikama (sikami or sikamile) v.i. to lean, to be bent. syn. -obama. rel. -
sikamela (sikamezi) to be bent to-wards fig. to be inclined to: Kamita
pile ya hae i sikamezi kwa bumaswe. he has propensity for wrong things.
caus. -sikamisa (sikamisize) to bend. fig. to mislead, to mis-guide
sikamba (li-) n. patch to mend clothes. syn. simanahani.
sikampafwa (bo-) n. bat (zool).
sikandeleliso (li-) n. gift offered as a token of homage, respect, thank-
fuiness (usually by the son-in-law to his parents-in-law) (from -kan-
delela).
sikanji (li-) n. udder of a cow
sikankauliso (ii-) n. chopping in- strument (from -kankaula)
sikankiso (li-) n. small tool used to cut barbs on fishing spears. syn.
mango1¼ (from-kanka).
sikapa (bi-) n. old tin. fig. exp. U mwa sikapa sa mioko, he is weep-ing,
overcome by sadness.
sikapelo (li-) n. dog-bowl. syn. si-kungu (from -kapa).
sikapana or sikapani (li- or bi-) n. broken piece of a calabash; thick shell
of a fruit (lihuluhulu, lih-wahwa, etc.); shell of a tortoise. cf.
Iikumbu.
sikape (li-) n. honey-bear. fig. sleepy person.
sikatafulu (li-) n. a good-for-noth-ing a slovenly person.
sikatana (li-) n. rag, piece of skin used to mend karosses.
-sikatela (sikatezi) v.t. to lean with the hand; to lean on someone's
shoulder.
sikatiso (li-) n. any kind of hoe used to dig up roots (esp. cassava roots)
(from -kata)
sikatu (mi-) n. see mukatu.
sikatulo (li- or ma-) n. shoe, boot. syn. siheta.
sikayo (li- or bi-) n. grinding mill (the machine) (from -kayak
sikebenga (!i- or bi-) n. a debauched person, criminal
sikeka (ma-) n. sharp blade of grass. fig. exp. Mwele-no-sikeka, name given
to the Litunga, and meaning arbiter, person taking toe last de-cision.
(lit. double edged knife sharpened on both sides).
-sikeka (sikekile) v.t. to bend the head on one side; spec. exp. ka sikeka
zebe, to prick up one's ears, to be very attentive; ka sikeka nkwana,
tubana, etc. to tip up water-pot, vase, etc. rel. -sikekela (sikekezi) to
incline towards.

sikekele (li-) n. plough (from -kekela).

sikela (li- or bi-) n. brackish soil (from which salt is taken).
sikele (li-) n. scissors; shears, clip-pers
sikelekeshe (li-) n. violent creature, brute.
sikelekete (li-) n. kind of trce (Faurea speciosa).
sikelela (li-) n. scar. syn. Iiniba, si–iba, sikenyu.
sikeleliso (li-) n. cup, small cala-bash, etc. used to draw water or
distribute becr (from -ka).
sikenelela (li-) n. workman's or child's overall (from Lena).
sikenge (li-) n. girl's initation; con-finement prescribed to girls during
their initiation.
sikeniso (li-) n. entrance ticket (from Lena).
sikenyu (li- or ma-) n. scar: Nyambe u na ni sikenyu sa kwena pa silupi
Nyambe has scars on his thigh caused by a crocodile syn. liniba siniba,
sikelela. (from -kenyuna)
sikepe1¼ (li- or bi-) n. tail of a fish.
sikepe2 (li- or bi-) n. barge, boat, ship (also sisepe).
siketu (li-) n. fragment: Siketu sa kwai, a fragment of tobacco-loaf. siketu
sa pizana, a fragment of the rim of a pot (from -ketula).
sikeu, n. manner of attracting at-tention (from-keuba).
sikiliti (li-) n. Eng. district: Sikiliti sa Mongu, Mongu district. svn.
silalo.
sikiluliso (li-) n. Eng. key, any in-strument to unlock door (from -kiya)
sikinitiso (li-) n. Eng. knitting-ncedie (from -kinita).
-sikisa (sikisize) v.t. to take some-one's measurements. der. musiko. rel. -
sikiseza (sikiselize) to take measurements for someone. ref. -isikiseza
(isikiselize) to take one's own measurements.
sikisi (li- or bi-) n. depression, hallow, dip. (in the ground) (from -
kisifala)
sikiso (li- or bi-) n. anything used to draw sater (from -ka).
sikiti (li-) n. a thousand.
sikitila (li- or bi-) n. a stout, fat, strongly built person. syn. simbwe-
tambweta.
siko1 (li- or ma-) n. a long creek, meander of a river. cf. Iiko.
siko2 (ma-) n. Egyptian goose, Berg Goose.
sikobiso' n. frequent reference to a kind gesture made to someone es-pecially
when the author is vexed. cf. makome, (from -koba).
sikobyoti, n. sleeplessness, insom-nia; wakefulness.
sikocelela or sikocowela (li- or bi-) n. bundle of maize ears kept for the
seed (f.om -kocowela) syn. si-koywela
sikoci (li- or bi-) n. Eng. skirt (Euro-pean Style) cf. musisi.
-sikoka (sikokile) v.i. to sob. rel. -si-kokela (sikokezi) to sob for or
somewhere. caus. -sikokisa (sikoki-sizeA to cause someone to sob.
sikoka1 n. kind of tree (its roots are used to make a medicine believed to
attract people).
sikoka2 n. ability to attract people fig. exp. Mutu yo munde ki ya na ni
sikoka kwa batu, a good and plea-sant person knows how to attract people.
sikokiana (li-) n. kind of very strong African beer.
sikoko1 (li-) n. Luvale bark basket.
sikoko2 bi-) n. scab.
sikokoma (li- or bi-) n. excrescence, outgrowth; large knot on a tree.
sikokota (li- or bi-) n. tall, stout and strong looking person. syn. kokota,
ncelule.
sikokoteliso (li-) n. hammer, any in-strument used to nail (from -kokota).
sikokwe (li-) n. small barble fish.
sikolo (li-) n. Eng. school
Sikololo, n. the Kololo language, (adopted by the Aluyi (Lozi) during the
nineteenth century and forming the basis of modern Lozi). (see Silozi and
Siluyana).
sikoloti (li-) n. debt: ku ba ni siko-loti, to be in debt; ku kutisa siko-
loti, to pay one's debt (from -kolota ).
sikolopo (li- or bi-) n. scrubbing brush (from -kolopa).
sikoma (li-) n. sledge-hammer.
sikombole (li-) n. brick-mould. syn. sifolomiso. (from -kombola).
sikombwa (li-) n. steward of a chief (from -kombweka).
sikondoliso1 (li-) n. a present of any kind offered to the parents of a wife
by the husband on the oc-casion of their first visit to them after
marriage.
sikondoliso2 (li-) n. mealie meal pre-pared in a certain way and used in the
brewing of beer, staff used to stir beer. syn. sikundungiso (from -
kondola2).
sikonkwani (li-) n. peg, survey beacon, piece work marked on the ground and
allotted to a team of workers. cf. silengo.
sikopekope, n. (1) mixture of differ-ent kinds of food, drinks, etc.; (2)
gathering of people coming from different places, and belonging to
different tribes (from -kopana).
sikoti1 (bi-) n. hole, pit. cf. mukoti.
sikoti2 n. friendship. syn. silikani.
sikoto (li- or ma-) n. piece, bit; small particle of food improperly cooked.
syn. sishekete. fig. resent ment, rancour, bitterness, hard feelings.
sikotolo (li-) n. metal basin.
sikoyokoyo (li- or bi-) n. kind of small fish with sharp pointed fins. syn.
singongi, sibutu' siyokoyoko.
sikoyowela (li-) n. bundle of maize ears kept for the seed. syn. sikoce-lela
or sikocowela (from -koyowela).
siku (li- or bi-) n. kind of lizard (with bright blue and red colours). spec.
exp. siku-mwana-njimukwa, child of a well known person.
sikuba (li-) n. a stupid, unintelli-gent, unteachable person. syn. sitoto,
mwelo (from -kubanyana).
sikubeliso (li-) n. wooden tool used in thatching to make the grass even,
thatching f1oat (from -kubela).
sikucula (li-) n. new river bed hol-lowed out by the flood in a depres-slon.
sikuka1 (li-) n. track of a canoe in the grassy flooded plain. fig. clear
statement leading to the main point of a case.
-sikuka2 (sikukile) v.i. to feel pain in the joints after heavy work; to
sprain (one's ankle, wrist. etc.) syn. -kweta, -lea.
-sikuka3 (sikukile) v.i. see -sikumuka or sinkumuka.
sikukela (li-) n. see likukela.
sikuku (li-) n. umbrella.
sikukula (li-) n. honeycomb.
sikukuliso (li-) n. scissors or any in-strument used to cut hair (from -
kukula).
sikukuma (li-) n. stammering, stut-tering; wa sikukuma, stammerer, stutterer
(from -kukuma).
sikukune, n. violent, irrepressible hatred .
sikukunungu (li-) n. rump (for a fowl).
-sikula (sikuzi) v.t. to sprain: Ki kale a mu sikula lizoho, he sprained his
arm. inv. -sikulula (sikuluzi) to set a sprained limb back in its place.
sikulekelo (li-) n. stick used for car-rying things on the shoulder, (from -
kuleka) syn. mutiyo.
sikuli (li- or ma-) n. island, penin-sula.
Sikulu, n. July. (see-kweli).
sikulubinyi (li-) n. Luyana. axe handie.
-sikuluha (sikuluhile) v.i. to change one's direction, to alter one's course;
to become converted. der. musikuluhi, sikuluho. syn. -siuluka. rel. -
sikuluhela (sikuluhezi) to turn towards: Ha mu fita fa manganan-dila, mu
sikuluhele ku la nzohoto, when you come to the crossroads turn to the
left, Bana bahabo kau-fela ba sikuluhezi ku yena bake–isa sishemo sa hae,
all his relatives now look to him for help because of his kindness. caus.
-sikuluhisa (sikulu-hisize) to cause a change of direc-tion. int. -
sikuluhelela (sikuluhelezi) to change completely one's direc-tion.
sikuluho, n. conversion (from -siku-luha).
-sikulula (sikuluzi) v.t. to cause a change of direction, to convert, to ad
vi se der. musikulul i . cf. -siulu la . rel. -sikululela (sikululezi) to
turn towards; to move for someone: Lu sabe ku sikululela batu ku ze maswe,
we must not lead people into bad habits; A mu nisikululele mungomo wo, wa
ni palelwa, please . move that drum for me, as I can't do it myself. caus.
-sikululisa (sikululi-size) to help to ~. int. -sikululelela
(sikululelezi) to ~ completely. rec. -sikululana (sikululani) to show each
other the right direction, to advise each other ref. -isikulula
(isikuluzi) as rec.

sikulukulu (li-) n. padlock.

sikulumuniso (li-) n. instrument used to pluck fruit from a tree (from -
kulumuna).
sikulu-opu (li-) n. Luyana. very suc-culent thick grass. (from -kula).
sikuluyi1 (li-) n. kind of tree (bearing swect berries liked by birds).
sikuluyi2 (bo-) n. Green Pigeon.
sikumisa (li- or bi-) n. muzzle loader-gun (now obs).
-sikumuka (sikumukile) v.i. to come in great quantity (rain, people, etc.):
Pula i taha i sikumukile ka bunata, mu longole kapili lu ka koloba, a very
heavy rain is coming, so unload quickly other-wise we shall get wet syn. -
sinku-muka.
sikumuliso (li-) n. dentists forceps.
sikumwa (li-) n. drum (the first one used by drum beaters in a dance).
sikundamongo (li-) n. Luyana. scari-fication, tattoo on the back (women).
sikundawela (li-) n. carrying stick loaded on one end. or unbalanced load.
syn. sifulatwa, cf. mutiyo.
sikundi1 (li- or bi-) n. very large fishing net pulled on both sides of a
small river on royal fishing oc-casions.
sikundi2 (li- or bi-) n. very large woollen blanket.
sikundu (li- or bi-) n. wooden pail used for milking. cf. kamelo.
sikundu2 (li-) n. see likundu.
sikunduyamana (ma-) n. see likun-duyamana.
sikundungiso (li-) n. staff used to stir beer. syn. sikondoliso (from -kun-
dunga).
sikundwe, n. bad, dirty water (often killing fish at the beginning of the
flood). syn. siyumbela, bunjinje.
sikungo (li-) n. bundie of dried fish or meat.

sikungu (li-) n. trough (this utensil, no longer used today, was hewn out of
mungongo tree and served for bathing new-born babies or for feeding dogs).
sikungundele (li-) n. a rough, diso-bedient, rude, stubborn, contra-dictory
person.
sikunu1 n. malediction syn. maci.
sikunu2 n. witchcraft medicine made of muku–u trce roots, and believed to
protect against the effects of malediction (obs.) (from -kun-~weta).
siku–undele (li-) n. see sikungundele.
sikupamulalelo, n. Venus in the evening. (lit. it is asking for supper). cf.
lilungwe.
sikupiso (li-) n. present offered with the hope of getting a better one in
return (from -kupa). sikupunamutamba, word only used in the expression: ku
ya
sikupuna-matamba, to get lost: Komu ya ka i ile sikupunamutamba, my cow is
lost. cf. sindime.
sikuswani (li-) n. tuberous plant cul-tivated in the forest; tuber of the
same (the latter is very similar to a small and thin potato).
sikutiso (li-) n. any instrument used to cut hair or to shear sheep; scis-
sors; shears, etc. (from-kuta).
sikuto (li-) n. curse, malediction (see siku–u) (from -kuta).
sikutu (li-) n. swarm: sikutu sa limuka, a swarm of bees: sikutu sa batu, a
group of a few people standing together; (used adverbi-ally) together:
Lifolofolo li yemi sikutu, the wild beasts are standing together.
sikutula (li-) n. a stout, strong, healthy man. syn. kutula.
sikutulelo (li-) n. any container used (basket, bag, etc.) in harvesting
(from -kutula).

sikutwana (li-) n. corner (of a house, yard, a room, etc.) syn. sie-mana.
sikuwa1 (li-) n. evergreen shrub growing in the forests; edible fruit of the
same. syn. mukuwa.
Sikuwa2 n. English language; European customs.
sikuyeti (li-) n. (1) witchcraft medi-cine believed to have the power of
killing at a distance. (2) television.
sikwa (li-) n. thicket of bushes; dense forest, jungle. cf. mutemwa.
sikwabukwabu (bo-) n. (1) justice; (2) warrior.
sikwahelo or sikwahezo (li-) n. a cover, lid; syn. siapeso, muko (from -
kwabela).
sikwakwakwa (li-) n. machine-gun.
sikwakwati (Ii-) n. iron snuff box.
sikwala (li-) n. an expert, skilful craftsman; a person above stan-dard.
sikwaliso (li-) n. anything used to fasten a door (from -kwala)
sikwalo (li-) n. door (from -kwala).
sikwama (li-) n. purse, wallet.
sikwankweta (li-) n. strong man; hero. syn. sinata, sikwenyepa.
sikwashu, n. rapidity, swiftness, speed. syn. putako, lubilo, kayeye (from -
kwashula).
sikwata (li-) n. large group of people; of animals. cf. mukunyi.
sikwekwe, n. kind of scabies (affect-ing animals) cf. lukwekwe.
sikwela (li-) n. mouse trap (made of a large clod of earth). fig. danger from
which there is no escape. cf. silaha.
sikwenda (li-) n. (1) shelter, refuge. (2) circle.
sikwengiso (li-) n. any kind of basket used for fishing. syn. lishi–o cf.
lukunda (from: -kwenga).
sikwenyepa (li-) n. strong man, hero. syn. sinata, sikwanketa.

sikweti-kweti n. short period of days added to December (–ulule) and

considered as a short lunar month (obs). (see: kweli).
sikwinji (li-) n. rough shelter (made by fishermen or hunters).
-sila1 (silile) v.t. to cross a river by canoe or on foot; ku sila ka mautu,
to wade, to walk across water. der. musilisi, masilelo. fig. to die. rel.
-silela (silezi) to cross towards, to cross with a definite intention.
caus. -silisa (silisize) to take across, to help across. stat. -sileha
(sile-hile) to be fordable (river). int. -si-lelela (silelezi) to ~ for
good. rec. silisana (silisani) to help each other to cross a river. freq.
-sili-sanga to ~ frequently. ref. -isilisa (isilisize) as rec.
sila2 (silile) v.t. to grind (tobacco, red millet, etc.) der. musili, busili.
fig. to exterminate: LufenyEze lila za luna, mi lu li silile kaufela; we
conquered our enemies and de-stroyed them completely. rel. -silela
(silezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -silisa (silisize) to help to ~. stat. -
sileha (silehile) to be able to be ground (ye sileha, that can be ground).
int. -silelela (silelezi) to grind the lot. ref. -lsilela (isilezi) to
grind for oneself: Mu nEyemele ha-nyEnyani, ni sa isilela kakwai; wait a
little while for me, for I still have to grind some tobacco.
-sila3 (silile) v.t. to cast a shadow on; to intercept (light, view, heat,
etc.): U sike wa ni sila kwa mulilo, do not stand between me and the fire.
sila4 (li-) n. enemy, adversary.
silabila, n. lack of education (mostly used for children), bad manners.
silabo (li-) n. paddle, oar (from: -laba).

-silafala (silafezi or silafalile) v.i. Sotho. to become dirty, filthy,

impure.
-silafaza (silafalize) v.t. Sotho. to defile, to dirty, to make unclean. ref.
-isilifaza (isilafalize) to defile, to dirty oneself. fig. to sully, to
tar-nish one's good name by doing wrong.
silafo (lilafo) n. clay-pit (from: -lafa).
-silaha1¼ (li-) n. (1) gun-trap. (2) scaf-fold, gibbet. cf. sikwela.
silaha2 (li-) n. butchery (shop).
-silaha3 (silahile) v.t. to execute someone condemned to death, to slaughter
(cattle). der. musilahi, silaha.
silalanda (li-) n. neighbourhood: Lo yahile silalanda si li sinwi, we live in
the same area. cf silikitela.
silaliso (li-) n. stick used to mark the place of foundations of a house
(from: -Bala).
silalo (li-) n. the district (of): Silalo sa Kalabo, Kalabo District. syn.
si-kiliti.
silalu, n. a group of three: sitar sa bona, the three of them. (see: bulalu).
silama1 (li-) n. member; part of the body. fig. member of a group: So ki wa
silama sa bulena, this man is a member of the Royal Family; silama sa
Keleke, member of the Church.
silama2, n. kind of shrub.
silambeti, n. intimacy, closeness, fa-miliarity.
silami, n. the cold, coolness.
silamuko, n. great flight of birds (from: -lamuka).
silanda-mweli, n. Luyana. one who comes after the first-born child.
silandulwa, n. something which is forbidden: Ki silandulwa u sike wa kutela
Latent hare; that is prohib- ited, don't do it again.
silati, n. lack of assiduity, of dili-gence (from: data).
silauliso (li-) n. (1) offering due to a diviner or presented to him in order
to predispose him to suc-cessful divining. (2) object used for divining
(basket, mirror, axe, etc...) (from: -laula).
-sileha (silehile) v.t. to besmearwith dung the teats of a cow which re-fuses
to be milked, in order to keep its calf away.
silehe (li-) n. a wicked, destructive person.
silei (li-) n. Eng. sleigh, sledge (for goods).
-silela (silezi) v.i. to be hoarse, rau-cous, rough, harsh (voice, etc.) syn.
-silelwa, hohoma.
silele (li-) n. 'sticking-out' skirt (dancer).
silelenyima, n. taken adverbially: backwards: N'a via kene, kono a kuta
silelenyima; he was on the point of entering, but he retracted his steps.
-sileleza (silelelize) v.t. to protect, to shelter, to screen; to hide from
public sight, to defend der, musile-lezi, silelezo. rel. sileleleza
(silelele-lize) to ~ for someone. caus. -sile-lezisa (silelezisize) to
help to ~ ref. -lsileleza (isilelelize) to protect oneselfj to defend
onself.
silelezo, n. protection; cover, screen (from: -sileleza).
silelu (bi-) n. chin.
-silelwa (silezwi) v.i. as -silela.
silemanu (li-) n. (1) implement of any kind that may hurt (axe, knife, spade
etc.) (2) wound caused by an axe, a knife, etc. (from: -lema).
silembe, n. calmness, quietness, stil-lness: Kacenu nuka i ombezi, ki si-
lembe, lo ka sila mwa kozo; today the river is quiet and calm, so
we shall have a peaceful crossing.
silembelembe, n. vegetable poison. fig. a dangerous person.
silena, n. kingship; za silena, rights, etc. pertaining to kingship; ka
silena, in a regal manner. syn. bulena (from: Lena).
silenge, n. kind of grass growing in marshy places.
silengelenge, n. great heat of the sun. syn. kalengelenge (from: -lenga).
silengo (li-) n. piece-work marked on the ground and allotted to a man or a
team. cf. sikonkwani. syn. mukwazo
silepe (li-) n. African axe fig. a very strong man.
sileze (li- or ma-) n. mud, mire, slough. cf. sinjopwa.
sili, adj. other, different, strange: Litaba z'a bulezi ki nto isili; the
things he reported are strange indeed.
siliba (li-) n. pit, well. silibela, n. Eng. silver.
silibelo (li-) n. jar, etc. containing fat, oil, Vaseline, etc. (for use on
the body).
sileliso (li-) n. toy. cf. sibapaliso (from: Bela).
-silelwa (silezwi) v i to be hoarse: Linzwi la hae li siiezwi, he has a deep,
hoarse voice. syn. -silela, -hohoma.
silemiso (li-) n. any instrument used for cutting (from: -lema).
silenda (li- or ma-) n. object, etc. produced in evidence; exhibit (in
criminal case).
-silihana (silihani) v.i. to become stupid, foolish, senseless. syn. -zizi-
baza.
silihi-lihi (ma-) n. black, coagulated blood. cf. sinyinga.
silikani, n. see. bulikani.
silikitela (li-) n. Eng. district, neigh bourhood. cf. silalanda.
silikwalikwani, n. indecision, irreso-lution, uncertainty: Mute ya mwa
silikwalikwani, a person unde-cided how to act or what course to take.
sililafela (bo-) n. a child inclined to cry for no reason. syn. Iimomo (from:
Lila).
sililo (li- or ma-) n. mourning, la-mentations (from: Lila).
silimba (li-) n. African xylophone. silimbuluti, n. see: malimbuluti.
Silimela, n. Pleiades (constellation indicating seedtime).
silimi, n. stammering, stuttering. syn. sikukuma.
silimo (li-) n. year. syn. mwaha.
silinda (li-) n. heap, pile, hoard. syn. libunda.
silindo (li-) n. small and roughly built shelter used by fishermen. syn.
sibuma, sibulututu.
-silisa (silisize) v.t. to mourn. der. musilisi. cf. Iila.
siliteliso (li-) n. instrument used to glaze a pot when moulded; instru-ment
used to put the finishing touches to a mat. (from: -litela).
silitiso (li-) n. anything used to frighten birds away from a garden (from:
pita).
siliwa (li-) n. carrion, decaying car-cass.
siliya-liyi, n. a dilatory person, a person always slow in starting. syn.
mufua-fui (from: -liya-liya).
silizi1 (li-) n. an expert drum beater (from: Lisa).
silizi2 (li-) n. see: bulizi.
siliziso (li-) n. wooden hammer used to beat the maoma; drum-sticks, kettle-
drum sticks (from: -liza).
silo (li-) n. thing, object. syn. sika, nto.
siloba, n. skin disease (eczema).

siloi (bi-) n. a fat witchdoctor, a fat witch. syn. sinyambe. (from: -loya).
siloiso (li-) n. anything used for be-witching (from: -loya).
-siloka (silokile) v.t. to leave alone, to abandon, to forsake someone (habit
of children when playing) to boycott syn. -timboka.
siloko (li-) n. cattle manure: Mbonyi ya siloko i hula kapEli, maize sown in
a field manured with cattle dung grows quickly. cf. mununo.
silolekiso (li-) n. scraper used a give a final touch to wood-work (dishes,
paddles, etc.) (from: -loleka).
silombiso (li-) n. dye, colour, hue, tinge (from: -lomba).
silombo (bi-) n. place where ma-shandi are dyed (from: -lomba).
silomboti, n. (1) imitation syn. muli-kanyiso (2) manner of returning evil
for evil; vengeance, revenge (from: -lombota).
silonda (li-) n. large abscess, fistula; tumour.
silonganu (li-) n. dead weight in a canoe. fig. a bad or lazy paddler
siloshwe (bi-) n. a stupid person. syn. sitoto.
siloyangundu (li- or bi-) n. an unu-sual, extraordinary thing taken as a bad
omen, abortive baby, mis-shapen animal (monster) syn. sing-ilinginja.
siloyanu (li-) n. as siloyangundu.
Silozi, n. the lozi language (as spoken today and developed from Luyana and
Kololo) (see: Sikololo and Siluyana).
siloziso (li-) n. anything (file, stone, etc.) used for sharpening axes,
knives etc. (from: -loza).
silu, adj. red-and-white bull or ox (with reference to a cow silwana.
silubelo (li-) n. kneading-trough (from: -luba).

silubi (bo-) n. malefactor (from: -luba).

silubu (li-) n. liquid porridge; becr in preparation and not yet fer-mented
(from: -luba).
silucila-cila (bo-) n. Pintailed Whyh, Paradise Flycatcher (bird).
silufukwe (bo-) n. Toka-Leya. mole (rodent) syn. ngeti.
silukelekele (bo-) n. Blacksmith Plover (bird).
silukiso (li-) n. any instrument used to sew, mend or repair (from: -luka).
silukolwa (bo-) n. kind of worm living on fresh maize; stalk-borer; name
given to maize ear partly eaten by that worm. syn. silun-dolwa.
silukombwe (bo-) n. cock (domestic fowl) syn. mukombwe.
-silula (siluzi) v.t. to stir porridge in a pot. cf. -kundunga.
silulya (li-) n. kind of mistletoe (parasitic plant).
silumba (li- or bi-) n. ghost. fig. any ugly person.
silumbetela (li-) n. mason-bee, mason-wasp (from: mbeta).
silumbu (li-) n. kind of bee living in the forest and producing ground-honey
.
silume, n. Luyana. man syn. mulume.
silumi (li-) n. Gen. n. noxious insect. fig. a person causing harm (from: -
luma).
silundolwa (bo-) n. as silukolwa.
silundwamanji, n. crowd, multitude. syn. undi-wa-nyangela.
silungelo (li-) n. vessel containing salt (from: -lunga).
silungiso (li-) n. (1) spoon used for distributing salt. (2) salt, spice,
etc. cf. Iizwai (from: -lunga).
silungo (li-) n. knife-handle.
silungu-lungu, n. Luyana. heat (sun, fire, etc.).
silunyondi (bo-) n. Luyana. re-vengeful person.
silupi (li- or ma-) n. thigh.
silupula (bo-) n. a cheeky person; an aggressive, provocative person (from: -
lupula).
silusila-sila (bo-) n. as silucila-cila.
siluta (li-) n. hump on neck of cattle .
silutangatanga (bo-) n. playing-clrcle.
silutupwi (bo-) n. kind of small barbel fish leading larger ones to
depressions at the beginning of the flood .
Siluyana, n. the Aluyi language (spoken by the Aluyi (Lozi) before the l9th
century invasion of the Kololo. (see: Sikololo and Silozi).
silwalelo (li-) n. anything used to carry something. syn. singelo.
silwana (lisilwana) n. small stone used to grind tobacco (in making snuff)
(see Galley 410)
silwaniso (li-) n. weapon (any kind of arms) (from: -lwana) syn. sitabanisso.
silyalyoki (li-) n. someone who finds excuses to avoid work. cf. mulyalyoki
(from: -lyalyoka).
silyangu (li- or bi-) n. fool, thought-less person; vagrant (from: liangu-
nuka).
silyata, n. unexpected luck.
silyela (li-) n. (1) common meal where each brings his own share of food. (2)
Holy Communion. silyo, n. right hand side: Lizoho la silyo, the right
hand. cf. bulyo.
simambizi n. horse-boy, horse-man.
simambwe (bo-) n. kind of mush-room (dangerous when insuffi-ciently cooked).
simanahani (li-) n. patch to mend clothes, skins, etc. syn. sikamba.
simanamaila (bo-) n. Toka. heavy drinker. syn. sinwamaila.

simangulungwa (bo-) n. tale bearer; liar; unpleasant flatterer (from: -

ngulungela).
simangwe-mangwe, n. misplaced kindness: Ku maswe ku uta mwana simangwe-
mangwe, it is wrong and stupid to give in weakly to a child's will.
simayumbula (bo-) n. a hospitable person who receives his guests gladly by
giving them presents of food (from: -yumbula).
simbakumbaku, n. kind of dance (for giris).
simbamba, n. see: -cipapa.
simbandamani (bo-) n. a person with a flat head (from: -mbandamana).
simbandungulu or simbendungulu (li) n. old broken wooden dish.
simbangu (li-) n. small rectangular house. cf. ssela.
simbatu, n. (often used adverbially) half-way distance or limit. (from: -
mbatula).
simbayambaya (li-) n. lorry, heavy motor-vehicle.
-simbela (simbezi) v.t. see: -shim-bela.
simbi (lisimbi) n. pressing iron.
simbinga (li- or bi-) n. large earthen pot in which is kept medicinal liquid
for daily ablutions. see sindinga.
simbombolo (li- or bi-) n. hollow, in a tree, containing water; puddle; pond.
syn. simbwambwala.
simbongo, n. thicket in the forest where mambongo shrubs are plenti-ful.
simbotwaeli (li-) n. cripple (walking frog-like) (from: -mbotwaela).
simbotwe (li-) n. frog. fig. dunce, duffer.
simbukoki1 (bo-) n. Crested Hawk Eagle.
simbukoki2 (bo-) n. kind of caterpil-lar.

simbukuma (li-) n. sweet potato. syn. ngulu.

simbule (li-) n. beginning or head of a valley; source of a river.
simbulukushu (li- or bi-) n. kind of edible tuber growing in the forest (much
likod by duikers) syn. sondwe.
simbulungoma (li- or bi-) n. badly shaped earthen pot.
simbulwamukowa (bo-) n. a person without relatives.
simbumbutwa (li-) n. (1) trce stamp. (2) remaining fragment of a cut tail or
finger.
simbutula (li-) n. good looking fat baby.
simbuzi (li-) n. latrine syn. kalimba-limba.
simbwambwala (li- or bi-) n. see: simbombolo.
simbwambwashi (li- or bi-) n. maize ear which has suffered from draught or
heavy rain and bears just a few grains.
simbwashangi (li- or bi-) n. a fat person walking with great diffi-culty .
simbwasoki (li-) n. careless talker (fro m: -mbwasauka).
simbwatata (li-) n. great expanse of shallow water. cf. simbombolo.
simbwengele (li-) n. small earthen pot with wide mouth.
simbweta-mbweta (li- or bi-) n. a stout, fat strongly built person. syn.
sikitila (from: -mbwetaela).
simbwewewe (li-) n. large hailstone.
simbwi, n. darkness, obscurity. syn. lififi.
sime (li-) n. whip, lash.
-simeha (simehile) v.t. to knock down an offender. syn. -nyisa. rel. -
simehela (simehezi) to ~ for some-one. caus. -simehisa (simehisize) to
help to ~. rec. -simehana (sime-hani) to severely beat each other. ref. -
 lsimeha ( isimehile ) as rec. caus. -isimehisa (isimehisize) to act in a
way which calls for a thrashing (child).
simela (li-) n. Gen. n. plant (from: -meal).
simembe-sa-pula, n. grey haze scen in the distance, due to pouring rain. syn.
lupululu.
simeno (bo-) n. a person with buck tecth. cf. -ngeti.
simikata (bo-) n. Flecks Concal (bird) syn. mukuku.
-simiketa (simiketite) v.t. sce: -shi-miketa.
simili (li-) n. see sibili.
simingi (li-) n. fragment, piece, etc. syn. siemba.
simingi-mingi (li-) n. tail which has been cut short (dog, etc.) syn. sim-
ungumungu. cf. simbumbutwa.
siminya (li-) n. curvature of the back (human beings).
-simoka (simokile) v.i. see: -shimoka or shimauka.
simoko, n. strength. syn. mata, tata.
simonyeka (li-) n. will-o-the wisp. syn. sibilibita, sibilimita. (from: -
monyeha).
simolonga or simolongwa, n. incor-rect, ungrammatical language.
simonoliywa (bo-) n. small blind harmiess snake. (This snake, when seen, is
believed to foretell the death of a relative). syn. nasiyalila.
simonyi, n. restlessness, agitation when sleeping.
simoomoo (li-) n. kind of insect which destroys crops (mostly maize) .
simpamwe (li-) n. a tall and stout adult person.
-simpeka (simpekile) v.i. to stop running, to stand firmly: A mata lubilo lo
lutuna, h'a y'o simpeka ki kwa Butoya! he ran very swiftly and was at
Butoya before he re- covered his breath.
simpolyo1 (bo-) n. a one-eyed person .
simpolyo2 (bo-) n. Bulbul, Black-cap. (bird).
simpubila (li- or bi-) n. paw-paw. syn. sicamu.
simpuni (li-) n. any piece of wood used as a projectile; limpunimpuni, pieces
of wood uprooted or torn from the ground and used as fire-wood.
simu (masimu) n. garden. field. syn. tima, mutabo.
simufulanyundo (bo-) n. Luyana. blacksmith. syn. mutuli.
simukulu (bo-) n. large poisonous bulb (often used as a charm to frighten
thieves).
simukuyu (bo-) n. Red-Eyed Dove. simulamu, adv. carelessly: Ku maswe ku lata
mutu simulamu, it is a cruel and bad habit to abandon someone carelessly.
-simuluha (simuluhile) v.i. to begin, to originate: Batu kaufela ba simu-luha
kulokulikunwi, mankind has but one origin to rise (river): Lyambai i
simaiuha kwa lisa leli r bizwa Dilolo, the Zambezi has its t source at
lake Dilolo. der. simu-t luho.
simuluho, n. origin, beginning | (From: -simuluha) . syn. sisimo.
-simulula (simuluzi) v.t. to begin, to commence, to give origin: Mboo ki .
yena ya simuluzi bulena bwa Silozi, Mboo founded the Lozi dynasty; to
explain or relate matters from the beginning: Na, ha ni zibi ku simulula
hande za sizo sahesu, I can not explain the origin of my family.
der.musimululi. rel. -simulu-lela (simululezi) to relate historical events
to people caus. -simululisa (simululisize) to persuade some-one to explain
or relate matters. int. -simululelela (simululelezi) to explain or relate
completely.
simulyapondo (bo-) n. Toka-Leya. extravagant or thriftless person,
spendthrift: Yena ki sitakwa simulya-pondo, u nwa pondo ka zazi, he is a
very heavy drinker spending almost a pound a day on his drink.
simulyasindaela (bo-) n. Toka-Leya. guzzler (from: -sindaela).
simumu (li-) n. a dumb person, mute. syn. satambi.
simunanu (li-) n. Gen. n. domestic animal.
simungumungu (li-) n. see: simingi-mingi
simunyelule (bo-) n. (children's) swmg.
simunyeu (bo-) n. kind of beetle.
simupee or simuwe (bo-) n. South African Go-away bird.
-simwa v.i. to be born; used only in the expression: Na i sa li ni simwa,
since I was born. cf. -pepwa. Kwali ku simwa since the beginning
simwe (li-) n. mark left on the mouth by fatty food.
simwetiso (li-) n. any instrument used to cut grass. (from: -mweta).
simwinji (bo-) n. a person born in day time.
sina1, conj. as, like.
-sina2 (sinile) v.t. to prod something. fig. to throttle. red. -sina-sina
(sina-sinile) to ~ again and again, in order to see if it is ripe. syn. -
tonya-tonya.
sinake (li-) n. kind of discase affect-ing the scalp (purulent disease).
sinaliyanga, n. group of women working in the Litunga's fields, a group of
women.
-sinamena (sinamezi) v.t. (1) to drink from a large, heavy pot which cannot
be lifted up. (2) to look into a container such as bottle calabash, etc.

-sinana (sinani) v.i. to be over-crowded; to be blocking up a narrow path, a

doorway, a way, etc. rel. -sinanela (sinanezi) to get pressed in: Mu sike
mwa sinanela mwa kandu ka kanyinyani, ku siya ndu ye tuna; don't be
squashing yourselves in a small house when you have a large one at your
dis-posal. pass. -sinanelwa (sinanezwi) to be pressed in. caus. -sinanisa
(si-nanisize) to cause to ~. ref. -isina-nisa (isinanisize) to cause
oneself to be squashed.
sinankwayula (bo-) n. woman spoken of despisingly syn. nank-wayula.
sinanuliso (li-) n. any kind of instru-ment used for lifting things; lever.
fig. anything paid or given to the girl's parents by the bridegroom when
taking away his bride from them. (This is paid apart from the 'sionda').
(from: -nanula). syn. mukatu.
sinata (li-) n. hero; strong man, stout man syn. sikwankweta.
sinatiso (li-) n. blunt instrument (from: -nata).
sinawenga (li-) n. wedding, mar-riage feast. spec. exp. ku nga sina-wenga, to
take a bride from her parents. syn. wenga.
-sindaela (sindaezi) v.t. to feed someone forcibly, to stuff some-one with
food. der. simulyasin-daela.
sindambo, n. friendship, familiarity.
sindambwila, n. bad familiarity, abuse of friendship. syn. sitwae-lelo,
sinungana.
-sindamena (sindamezi) v.i. to be hardened (like corn at the bottom of a
mortar during the pounding) cf. -sindumuna.
-sindeka (sindekile) v.t. to paddle or to pole vigorously when reaching
a landing place; to paddle with no rhythm. rel. -sindekela (sindekezi) to
~ in a certain direction.
-sindeketa (sindeketite) v.t. to ac-company (to or from). der. musin-deketi,
musindeketelo syn. -filiheza. rel. -sindeketela (sindeketezi) to ac-
company a person at the request of someone: A mu ni sindeketele mwanana
yo, u ka saba fa nzila a nosi; please accompany that child for me, for he
may be afraid if he walks alone. caus. -sindeketisa (sin-deketisize) to
ask someone to join somebody accompanying a person: Kimaniya ka
nisindeketisa mwanesu yo? who will help me ac-company this friend of mine?
-sindela (sindezi) v.t. to make fo-mentations. to apply warm com-presses on a
sick person. der. mu-sindeli, musindelelo. cf. -toba. rel. -sindelela
(sindelezi) to ~ for some-one. caus. -sindelisa (sindelisize) to help to
~. ref. -lsindela (isindezi) to apply warm compresses on one's own body.
sindendumuniso (li-) n. anything used to cut open a calabash, or to open a
tin, tin-opener (from: -ndendumuna).
-sindimana (sindimani) v.t. to stand or to sit very close to someone; to
elbow one's way through a crowd; to make one's way close to some-one or
something: Ni bulaile nali ka ku i sindimana hahulu fakaufi, I killed a
buffalo by making my way very close to it. der. musindima-nelo. caus. -
sindimanisa (sindimani-size) to cause to ~.
sindime, word only used in the ex-pression: Kuyasindime, to become lost. cf.
sikupunamutamba.
sindinga (li- or bi-) n. see: simbinga.
sindoe or sindoye, n. incestuous re-lationship.

sindondo, adv. sheer (down): ku tiba sindondo, to sink like a stone. (lit.
drawn like a pitcher sinking straight down).
-sinduka (sindukile) v.i. to be sati-ated, to eat too much; to be over-fed.
syn. -kula. cf. -mbilimana.
-sindula (sinduzi) v.t. to rub some-one's body in order to remove . dirt.
der. musinduli, musindulelo. cf. -pikita, pukuta. rel. -sindulela (sin-
dulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -sindulisa (sindulisize) to help to ~.
rec. -sindulana (sindulani) to ~ each other. ref. -isindula (isinduzi) to
rub one's own body to remove dirt.
-sindumuka (sindumukile) v.i. to come forward threateningly (like somebody
about to attack); to be threatening; to be brewing (storm). der.
musindumuko. fig. to speak without restraint. rel. -sindu-mukela
(sindumukezi) to move somewhere furiously. caus. -sindu-mukisa
(sindumukisize) to cause to ~.
-sindumuna1 (sindumuzi) v.t. to pound the corn left in a mortar and which-
couid not be removed by hand after the first pounding. rel. -sindumunela
(sindumunezi) to ~ for someone.
-sindumuna2 (sindumuzi) v.t. to push forward very strongly. syn. -yukula. -
yana, rel. -sindumunela (sindumunezi) to ~ in a certain di-rection: Mwa
bona, ki kale a sindu-munela mukolo mwa ngala! look, he has already pushed
off the canoe to the deep! caus. -sindumu-nisa (sindumunisize) to help to
~.
sindunduli (li-) n. a large parcel or package.
sindunduliso (li-) n. pounding stick. syn. munsi.
sindunga (li-) n. earthen pot used for water or beer.
sinena (li-) n. Iower abdomen. syn. sikaka.
-sineneketa (sineneketite) v.t. to press down.
sinengela (bo-) n. Luyana. dancer. syn. mubini. (from: -nenga).
sineta (li- or bi-) n. hollow; hol-lowed place. (from: -netemana).
singa (bi-) n. prefix used to express largeness (mostly with reference to
people): singa Walubita, stout Walubita. cf. kanga, lunga.
singalangala (bi-) n. tuft (hair, grass, etc.); wisp (hay, straw, etc.)
singandamani (bo-) n. person with a large forehead; a bald person. (from: -
ngandamana).
singandi (li-) n. palm of the hand: singandi sa tau, sa ngwe, etc . paw of a
lion, of a leopard, etc. cf. siata.
singanga (li-) n. African doctor, medicine man. syn. –aka, nganga.
singangalume (li-) n. a stout man.
singangiso (li-) n. any tool used in carpentry work (hammer, saws etc. (from:
-nganga).
singanya, word used in the express-ion: ku iswala singanya, to hold each
other by the hand when walking.
-singanyeka (singanyekile) v.i. to think over, to plan, to project, to scek a
solution.
singanyenganye, n. hesitation be-tween two choices, dilemma (from: -
ngangamana).
singelo (li-) n. anything used to carry something. syn. silwalelo. (from: -
nga)
singengema (ma-) n. large piece of corrugated iron.
singilinginja (li-) n. an unusual, ex-traordinary thing taken as a bad omen,
abortive baby, misshapen animal (monster). syn. siloyang-undu.

singolongoma (li-) n. imaginary monster; ogre.

singomba, n. a very deep and long sleep: Ni lobezi singomba kacenu, I slept
far too long today.
singongi (li- or bi-) n. kind of fish with dangerous pointed fins. syn.
sikoyo-koyo, sibutu.
singongolo (li-) n. large, empty tin.
singongoteliso (li-) n. any instru-ment used as a hammer (from: -ngongota) .
singongotiso (li-) n. as singongote-Iiso. t
singonyi (li-) n. cramp: Ni na ni sing-onyi mwa mahutu, I have cramp in my
leg.
singubu (li-) n. kind of skinless drum beaten on both sides (a large hollowed
out triangular piece of wood, more a resounding box than an ordinary
drum).
-singula (singuzi) v.t. to enquire about somebody's health (this verb is only
used referring to the Litunga and members of his family, in charge of
Nalolo, Mwandi, Libonda, Naliele and Ka-nanga).
singulumutwi (bo-) n. Luyana. a person with a large head.
singulyangulya1 (li-) n. (1) poisonous bulb of the flame lily plant; flower
of the same. (2) satellite (man made).
singulyangulya2 adv. aimiessly. (This word is only used in the express-ion:
ku nepa singulyangulya, to shoot in the air).
singungu, n. kind of itching grass.
singungwe (bi-) n. a stout person. syn. sinkuzi, etc.
singwenjuliso (li-) n. slasher (for cutting grass) (from: -ngwenjula).
-siniliketa (siniliketite) v.t. see: -si-neneketa.
sinjambi (li- or bo-) n. Luyana. garden belonging to the Litunga and which
had to be voluntarily cultivated in the past. cf. namukau, mbilye.
sinyapa or sinjapatila, n. watery, muddy place.
sinjengwa (li-) n. unproductive field (unfertilized).
sinji, adv. straight forward: Mu fuluhe feela sinji ku liba Mongu, paddie
straight forward in the di-rection of Mongu.
sinjokotela (li-) n. great quantity of small fish boiling in a pot. syn. si-
kakata.
sinjopwa, n. mire, mud. cf. sileze.
sinkalakata (bi-) n. see: nkalakata.
sinko (mi-) n. unpleasant smell. (from: -nka).
-sinkuka (sinkukile) v.i. to stand up, to spring to one's feet, to get up-
rooted (tree). syn. -yema.
-sinkula (sinkuzi) v.t. to uproot; to lift up a heavy load. fig. to take away
from: Yena kamita ku tata ku mu sinkulafa bucwala, it is always difficult
to take that man away from a beer party. rel. -sinkulela (sinkulezi) to ~
for someone. caus. -sinkulisa (sinkulisize) to help to ~. int. -
sinkulelela (sinkulelezi) to uproot completely.
-sinkumuka (sinkumukile) v.i. to go or to come in great quantity (people,
rain, etc.) syn. -sikumuka. rel. -sinkumukela (sinkumukezi) to go to:
Kacenu batu ba sinkumukezi kwa Kuta ka bunata, today people went in great
numbers to the Court.
sinkuyu (li-) n. jumping hare, jerboa.
sinkuzi (li-) n. see: nkuzi.
sinkwa (li-) n. loaf of bread.
sinkwana (li-) n. tobacco loaf.
sinna, n. pertaining to male sex. manliness, stout man adv. exp. ka sinna,
in a manly way, manly.
sino (li-) n. drink refreshments (from: -nwa).
sinodo (li-) n. Eng. synod, deliber-ative assembly of church leaders.
sinonelo (li-) n. basket used to col-lect fish caught in bow-nets (from: -
nona).
sinono (li-) n. wild cat. fig. (1) a person not much seen among others; a
recluse. (2) a person very fond of eating chicken.
sinotolo (li-) n. key (door-key. etc.) syn. kii.
-sinta (sintile) v.t. to exchange, to barter. to truck (in kind).
sintolo (li-) n. Eng. store. syn. ven-kele.
sintu, n. pertaining to African people: Milyaniya sintu nEyona i na ni tuso
hanata, African medicines are often helpful also.
-sinuha1 (sinuhile) v.t. to leave some-one alone: Ni ta ku sinuha u pile
hande, I will leave you alone so that you may have your happiness. caus. -
sinuhisa (sinuhisize) to cause to ~.
-sinuha2 (sinuhile) v.i. to stand aside: Sinuha fa, wa ni sila! stand aside,
for you are casting a shadow on me!
-sinuka1 (sinukile) v.i. to be under the influence of a stupefying drug or
medicine (love-potion). int. -si-nukelela (sinukelezi) to be comple-tely
under the influence of a stupe-fying medicine and even being unable to
work.
sinuka2 or sinukoi (li-) n. kind of grass with a strong and unpleasant smell
(much used by African doc-tors) (from: -nka).
sinuko (li-) n. loin (pl).
sinuku (li-) n. porcupine.
sinukululu (li-) n. kind of bulbous plant eaten in time of famine

sinukwani (li-) n. burglar, thief; rascal .

-sinula (sinuzi) v.t. to reveal, to foretell. der. musinuli, sinulo. syn. -
inula, taniketa. (see: -polofita). rel. -sinulela (sinulezi) to ~ to some-
one ref. -isinulela (isinulezi) to foretell things concerning one's own
future, to reveal oneself to (God): Niha u lolile cwalo, n'o sa lukeli ku
isinulela bumaswe. al-though you had such a dream, it was not right for
you to foretell a bad future.
sinulo, n. revelation, prophecy; the Revelation (Script). (from: -sinula).
sikumutumbi, n. evidence: Wena s'o ta eza si ta bonahala. mi i ta ba siku-
mutumbi; what you are going to do will come to light and will be
notorious.
-sinuna (sinuzi) v.t. to put someone under the influence of a stupefying
(love) medicine. der. musinuni, mu-sinunelo. rel. -sinunela (sinunezi) to
~ for someone. ref. -isinuna (isinuzi) fig. to eat with dirty hands: Wena
wa isinona, kini ha u ca ni masila? why are you eating with dirty hands,
are you looking for bad luck?
sinundwa or sinundwe, n. obstinacy, obduracy, stubbornness. syn. mahani.
sinunga, n. used in the expression: mukolo wa sinonga, a canoe re-paired with
the planks nailed on, or sown on with bark, etc . .
sinungana, n. bad familiarity, abuse of friendship. syn. sindambwila, sit-
waelelo.
sinuniso (li-) n. any kind of cooking fat (from: -nuna).
sinwamaila (bo-) n. Toka-Leya. a heavy drinker. syn. simanamaila.
sinwelo (li-) n. container, vessel, re-ceptacle in which water is
kept. (from: -nwa).
sinwiso1 (li-) n. cup. anything used as a cup. (from -nwa).
sinwiso2 (li-) n. soldering.
sinya1 (li-) n. bladder. anat.
-sinya2 (sinyize) v.t. to destroy, to damage; to waste; to spoil; to spend;
to plunder. fig. to slander: Ku maswe ka sinya libizo la mute, it is bad
to calumniate somebody. der. musinyehi, musinyi, muisinyi, maisinyezi,
sisinyi, businyehi, busi-nyi, sinyehelo, sinyeho. cf. -tupa-nya. rel. -
sinyeza (sinyelize) to damage for; to spend for: U ni si-nyelize maxi a
manata, he spent a lot of my money. caus. -sinyisa (si-nyisize) to cause
to ~. stat. -si-nyeha (sinyehile) to get spoilt, de-stroyed, to become
bad; to be spent. (see: -sinyeha). sp. exp. ka si-nyeXa kwa mba, to
miscarry. int. -sinyehelela (sinyehelezi) to get completely destroyed.
rec. -sinye-zana (sinyezani) to cause mutual harm. freq. -sinyanga to
frequently ~. red. -sinya-sinya (sinyasinyize) to cause a small damage.
ref. -isinya (isinyize) to harm oneself. rel. -lsi-nyeza (isinyelize) to
spoil one's own affairs. caus. -lsinyisa (isinyi-size) to deliberately
cause harm to one's own affairs: Ha u eza mikwa ye maswe kwa bate cwana, u
isinyisa libizo i sa li wena; in doing wrong to people like this, you are
spoiling your name.
sinyai (li-) n. itching of the foot caused by dampness, water or dew.
sinyakanyaka, n. joy, rejoicing of many people meeting together on a special
occasion (from: -nyaka-lala).
sinyaliso (li-) n. the money needed to pay the sionda. cfi sionda, malo-bolo,
sinanuliso (from: -nyala).

sinyamba (li- or bi-) n. likishi dancer. fig. exp. ka kenela mute mwa
sinyamba, to cheat. syn. siye.
sinyambe (bi-) n. a fat witchdoctor, a fat witch. syn. siloi. cf. kanyambe.
sinyanga (li-) n. hunter. syn. muzumi, sizumi.
sinyatela (li-) n. stomach cramp; gnawing pain, aching void, in the stomach.
-sinyeha (sinyehile) v.i. to become spoilt, destroyed; to become bad; to be
spent. fig. exp. Mute s'a sinye-hile, the person is dead. rel. -sinye-hela
(sinyehezi) to ~ because of. due to, etc . . .: Saha ya ka i sinye-hezifa
ka saha mabala a tata, my saw was damaged when sawing very hard planks; to
be used, spent for: Mali a hae a sinyehezifa mung-omo, he spent all his
money in drinking. pass -sinyehelwa (sinye-hezwi) to suffer a damage, a
loss: Ni sinyehezwi ki ndu ya ka, I have lost my home (divorce, death,
etc.. .) ref. -lsinyehela (isinyehezi) to become bad, to get spoilt; to be
dispersed: Likomu za mufu li isinye-hezifela, the cattle of the deceased
were simply scattered about. freq. -sinyehanga to get habitually spoilt:
Mali a maswe ka no sinye-hangafa lika ze sina tuso, money is not made just
to be spent on buying useless things.
sinyehelo (lisinyehelo) n. damage, waste, loss (from: -sinyeha).
sinyeho (lisinyeho) n. damage, de-vastation, disaster, destruction (from: -
sinyeha).
sinyinga (li-) n. curdled blood; con-tusion, ecchymosis. cf. silihilihi.
sinyo, n. calumny (from: -sinya fig.
sinzohoto, n. (1) left hand side: fig. exp. ka zamaya mute sinzohoto. to plan
things behind somebody's back. (2) left-handedness: mute wa sinzohoto
left-handed person.
-si–a (si–ile) v.t. see -shi–a.
si–alamba (li-) n. embankment (of water, etc...)
si–anana, n. disobedience. indisci-pline, insubordination (from: –ana-dana).
sinanda, n. place surrounded by flood waters.
sinaneli (li-) n. hard headed person. a person hard to convince (from: -
fiafiela).
si–iba (li- or ma) n. scar.
si–oliso (li-) n. pencil, pen, anything used for writing (from: –ola).
si–ombwe (li-) n. kind of tortoise.
si–omoto (li-) n. lump, clump (of buhobe, clay, etc.)
si–ompoliso (li-) n. anything used to take buhobe out of something (from: -–
ompola).
si–ondo (li-) n. an anti-social, unas-similated person.
si–ono (li-) n. Luyana. stick used as a poker by blacksmiths.
si–ululume (li-) n. a stout and aged person.
si–waeliso (li-) n. scraper used for softening hides. (from: –waela).
si–wa–wa (li-) n. kind of gong, piano-accordion.
si–watiso (li-) n. Iadie, scoop (for grain, flour, etc.) (from: -–wata).
-sioka (siokile) v.t. (1) to work alone, to undertake a work too great for
one's strength: Musebezi o mutuna cwana, ki na ni ka u sioka ni li nosi? o
you think I shall be able to undertake such a work alone? (2) to beat
someone repeat-edly: Wena mute yo muhulu ka y'o sioka mwanana cwalo, ki
nto ye maswe, u fosEze! it is really awful for a big man like you to beat
such a little child unmercifully; you have done a wrong thing!
sioko or soko (li-) n. forked pole against which spears are leant and on
which skulls of game are hung.
siomo (li-) n. condition of a woman who has miscarried: Musali ya mwa siomo
h'a koni ka ezeza bate lico, a woman who has miscarried is not allowed to
prepare food for the family.
sionda or sonda (li-) n. dowry but paid by the bridegroom to the bride's
parents (from: -onda). syn. malobolo. cf. sinyaliso, sinanuliso fig.
siozela (bo-) n. see: sozela.
siozwa (li-) n. prostitute, harlot.
sipa (lisipa) n. genet; fur of the genet. syn. ndimba.
sipabaenda (bo-) n. a generous, bountiful. hospitable person who gives food
even to passers-by (from: -fa).
sipai (li-) n. opening of a bow-net. syn. ndongo.
sipaileliso (li-) n. offering made to ancestors. syn. siyumbangetiso (from: -
pailela).
sipaka (li-) n. shoulder bone, shoul-der blade, scapula.
sipakiso (li-) n. piece of wood used to fasten or to lock a grass-door (from:
-paka).
sipakulo (li-) n. kind of wooden spoon used to take buhobe from the pot and
for giving it a pleasant shape in dishes (from: -pakula).
sipalo, n. (1) census. (2) recruit-ment. ba sipalo, recruited labour. fig.
exp. ka zamaiswa sipalo, to be taken to where one does not want to go at a
place one does not like.
sipangaliko (li-) n. (sing. meaning) object, instrument used in witch-craft.
(pl. meaning) personal ef-fects, any kind of belongings (from: -panga).
sipani (li-) n. Eng. span of oxen (from: -pana).

sipapela (li-) n. shelter made of branches.

sipatela (li-) n. Eng. hospital, dispensary, clinic.
sipato (li-) n. domestic duck.
sipaupau (li-) n. palm leaf 'basket' with a lid. fig. child who follows the
mother everywhere.
sipaziso (li-) n. instrument used for t making scarifications (from: -paza).
sipazuliso (li-) n. axe, any instru-ment used for chopping, splitting wood,
etc. (from: -pazula).
sipecu (li-) n. beer made strong by addition of sugar (from: -pecula).
sipeculelo (li-) n. container in which strong beer is prepared (from: -
pecula).
sipeculiso (li-) n. sugar used to make beer stronger (from: -pecula).
sipeleta (li-) n. Eng. spelling-book, primer.
sipelu (li-) n. a kind of Lozi dance usually danced by young men and women.
sipendiso (li-) n. (1) brush used for house-painting. (2) syringe (from: -
penda).
sipi (lisipi) n. (1) iron, metal; sƒpiye fubelu, copper; sƒpi ye sweu, zinc.
(2) an iron (charcoal iron, electric iron, etc.). fig. a strong man.
sipiala or sipyala, n. fact of becom-ing grcy-haired when still young: mutu
wa sipiala, a grey-haired young person.
sipiho, n. betting (from: -piha).
sipiiso (li-) n. stick used to lift a car-rying stick which is on the shoul-
der (to relieve the pressure) (from: -ipiya).
sipinya (li-) n. breaking of wind
(fart) (from: -pinya).

sipobe (li-) n. depression, hallow, dip (in the ground). syn. sikisi.
sipolo (li-) n. (also sipolo sa njanji). railway line. see: njanji.
sipololiso (li-) n. Eng. rag, brush used to polish (curios, etc.) (from: -
polola).
siponi (li-) n. mirror, looking-glass (from: -bona).
siposo (li-) n. spell. (witchcraft medicine believed to be effective from
afar). syn. makoba. (from: -posa).
sipu! interj. used to express sprout-ing (seeds; small-pox, etc.): Mbonyi i
ize sipu mwa simu, maize has sprung up in the field. (from: -sipuka).
-sipuka (sipukile) v.i. to germinate; to sprout; to grow rapidly. der. sipu.
syn. -mela.
sipukiso (li-) n. spoon used for sip-ping (from: -puka).
sipuku (li-) n. Eng. phantom, ghost, spectre, apparition, spirit, spook.
sipuku-puku (li-) n. churl. boor, un-couth person.
sipula (li-) n. chair, seat, stool. cf. situlo.
sipuliso (li-) n. flail; any instrument for threshing corn, etc. (from: -
pula).
sipulo (li-) n. small place (usually hollowed) prepared for a dog to give
birth.
sipululu, adv. without permission: Ku kena sipululu, to enter uninvi-tedly.
sipulumuki1 (li-) n. butterfly.
sipulumuki2 (li-) n. a mad or insane person (from pulumuka).
sipuma (li-) n. crceping plant, the tuber of which is used to poison fish.
sipumawe, n. great noise made by I people, cattle, birds, etc. congre-gating
together; large noise made by a meteor falling through the earth's
atmosphere; explosive noise made by a meteor hitting the earth.
sipumba (li-) n. rope fixed in any way to the ground and used for tying up
cattle.
sipumbami (bo-) n. a strong man re-sisting someone or something firmly (from:
-pumbama).
sipumbangombe (li-) n. puff-adder. syn. sibili, mili.
sipumbo (li-) n. hole in which an animal lies; place where a person sits for
a long time.
sipumiso1 (li-) n. anything used for cheating. syn. songiso. (from: -puma).
sipumiso2 (li-) n. any object used for cutting (from: -puma).
sipundumukela, n. abrupt decision. adv. exp. ka sƒpundumukela, ab-ruptly,
suddenly (from: -pundu-muka).
sipunyiso (li-) n. borer; any instru-ment used for boring (from: -punya).
sipupe (li-) n. French. doll.
sipupu (li-) n. bunch of wild dates (fruit of a small kind of palm tree
called nandinde.
sipusu (li-) n. sheath (for the blade of any weapon).
siputela (li-) n. parcel, bundle (from: -puta).
siputu (li-) n. bale of material, print, etc.; large parcel or bundle (from:
-puta).
sipwacangi (li-) n. a lazy traveller.
-sisa1 (sisize) v.t. to give much milk (cow, woman).
-sisa2 (sisize) v.i. to watch. sp. exp: ku sisa masa, to watch the whole
night through (from: -sa).
sisa3 (lisa) n. site, premises, reserved plot in the capital: Ha si hanata ku
fiwa mutu ku yaha fa sisa sa yo munwi, it is very seldom that someone is
allowed to build on a reserved plot.
sisabelo (ma-) n. refuge. (from: -saba).
sisali, n. character or qualities of a woman. spec. exp: ku wa sisali, to
fall down together, no one over-coming the other (game, fight, etc .).
sisani, adj. thin, lean; fine.
-sisatala (sisatalile) v.i. see: -sita-tala.
sisebeliso (li-) n. tool, implement; any instrument used in work (from: -
sebeza).
sisefelo (li-) n. sieving basin (from: -sefa).
sisehiso (li-) n. any instrument used for cutting. (from: -seha).
siselo (li-) n. natural product. fig. anything gathered, found or gained. cf.
muselo (from: -sela).
sisepe (li-) n. barge, boat, ship. sishakaeli (li-) n. vagabond (from: -
shakaela).
sishakashwa (bi-) n. vagabond, wan-derer; a neurotic person (from: -
shakasha).
sishako (li-) n. asthma, whooping-cough. syn. sali.
sishambwe (li- or bi-) n. large puff-adder. cf. sibili.
sishanda (li- or bi-) n. very flat plate or dish; shallow basin or pot.
sishanjo (li-) n. garden (on the edge of a forest), a marsh on forest edge
sisha–ata (li-) n. a handful. spec. exp: sishanata sa malao, waspS nest.
sishapiso (li-) n. anything used for flogging, thrashing, etc. (from: -
shapa).
sishawa (li-) n. small quantity, small number: Batili, h'a na likomu zenata.
ki sishawafela; no, he has not many cattle, but just a small number.
sishekeleti (bi-) n. the last unripe and unuseful products of a crop
(pumpkins, maize, etc.) fig.: a weak, last born child (from: -shi-lela).
sishekete (li- or ma-) n. piece, bit; small particle of food improperly
cooked. syn. sikoto.
sishela (li-) n. tumour; swelling
sishembiso (li-) n. a present offered in order to entice someone (from: -
shemba).
sishenga, used in the expression: Mbonyi ya sishenga, husked maize (from: -
shenga).
sishengiso (li-) n. any instrument used to sharpen tools (from: -shenga).
sishenjele (li-) n. very deep water, abyss.
sishenyangi (li-) n. cripple moving when squatting (from: -shenya).
sishenyi (li-) n. migratory locust (in the first stage of its development)
(from: -shenya).
sishete (li-) n. large granary (unplas-tered) syn. situli. cf. sifalana.
sishimbelo (li-) n. any object used for carrying things (from: -shimba).
sishimbululelo (li-) n. container into which is poured something out of
another container (from: -shimbu-lula).
sishinda (bo-) n. first class drummer (from: -shinda)
sishingwa (li- or bi-) n. large piece of firewood partly burnt; fire-brand.
sishokolo (li-) n. buffalo bull. syn. manda.
sisholwa-sholwa (li-) n. shallow pool which dries up annually. syn. ka-
sholwa-sholwa.
sishomena, n. word used in the ex-pression: ku cela pizafa liso sisho- mena,
to take food out of the pot before distribution
sishondiso (li-) n. small fishspear made of plain wire (especially used by
children) . syn. kasela. (from: -shonda).
sishongwa (ma-) n. stump (of a tree etc.) (see: mashongwa).
sishoweleliso (li-) n. present offered to the Litunga by a person giving the
royal salutation.
sishuelo (li-) n. basket into which are put small fish just caught. syn.
njuelelo (from: -shua).
sishuiso (li-) n. Iarge fishing basket. syn. Iishi–o. cf. Iukunda. (from: -
shua).
sishumo (li-) n. wooden spade (used in the past) syn. sisomo
sishunena, n. as sishomena.
sishungwa (li-) n. kind of vegetable (much appreciated as relish).
sishutangi (li-) n. unsuccessful hunter or fisherman (from: -shuta).
sishutelo (li-) n. basket used by anglers (from: -shuta).
sishutiso (li-) n. bait; small fishing hook. cf. kashuto. (from: -shuta).
sishuwelo (li-) n. see: sishuelo.
sishuwiso (li-) n. see: sishuiso.
sishweka, n. partiality, favouritism insincerity. syn. sobozi. (from: -
shweka).
sisi, n. heavy smoke: Ha lu yto kum-buluka, ndu i se i tunya sisi, before we
had time to realize it, the house went up in smoke.
sisila, n. bad luck, misfortune. syn. sisimba, busimba
sisilelezo (li-) n. shield, protection of any kind. syn. sisiteketo. (from: -
sileleza).
sisilelo (li-) n. potshed, broken piece of earthen ware in which to-bacco is
ground. (from: -sila).
sisiliso (li-) n. small grinding stone (for grinding tobacco), pestle
syn. silwana (from: -sila).
sisimba, n. bad-luck, misfortune. syn. sisila, busimba.
-sisimba (sisimbile) v.i. to walk, to travel without haste, leisurely; to
progress, to proceed slowly: Mu to-komele, mulilo wani u taha u si-simba;
mind that fire over there, it comes slowly but surely rel. -si-simbela
(sisimbezi) to ~ towards. caus. -sisimbisa (sisimbisize) to cause to ~
sisimo, n. origin, beginning. syn. simuluho.
-sisimuha (sisimuhile) v.i. to have goose-flesh (due to fear). caus. -si-
simusa (sisimusize) to frighten, to shock, to make the flesh crcep.
sisinyi (li-) n. spoiler, destroyer, wicked person, evil docr. syn. mu-sinyi
(from: -sinya).
-sisita1 (sisiti~le) v.t. to preoccupy, to obsess, to worry.
-sisita2 (sisitile) v.i. to grope. der. musisiteli., syn. -babata. -pupuleza.
rel. -sisitela (sisitezi) to grope to-wards.
sisiteketo, n. protection, refuge; cover. syn. sisilelezo.
sisitiso (li-) n. pounding stick syn. sindunduliso, muusi. (from: -sita).
sisokwe (li-) n. pubic hair (cut as a sign of passage from childhood to
adulthood).
sisomo (li-) n. mockery, derislon, sarcasm, scorn. sp. exp: Libizo la sisomo,
nickname. (from: -soma).
sisongo (li-) n. an illness, no longer occurring, associated with super-
stitious beliefs.
sisu (ma-) n. dry cow-dung some-times used as fuel. syn. lisu.
sisubi (bo-) n. a pressing. insistent beggar. a creditor who persists in
following his debtor (from: -suba-lala).
sisuliso (li-) n. spoon used to serve out, to portion out the contents of a
pot (from: -sula).
sisululu, n. mild snuff.
sisuma (bi-) n. large piece of meat. syn. suma.
sisumo (bi-) n. see: sishumo.
sisumpila (li- or bi-) n. tuft of hair on the forehead.
-sisumuha (sisumuhile) v.i. see: -sisi-muha.
-sisumuka (sisumukile) v.i. as -sisu-muha.
sisunkununu (li-) n. as sisumpila.
sisunta (li-) n. gun-flint.
sisupo (li-) n. sign idiom exp.: Si-tenda ki sisupo sa bulena, a bald-head is
a sign of sovereignty. cf. poniso (from: -supa).
sisusa (li-) n. scarecrow; any object used for frightening (from: -susa).
sisutu, n. Sotho language.
siswaiso (li-) n. any instrument used for marking (from: -swaya).
siswaliso (li-) n. any object used for holding something (from: -swala).
siswaniso (li- or ma-) n. image, sketch, drawing, picture; photo-graph,
comparison, parable (from: -swanisa).
siswaya (li-) n. great quantity of meat available after good hunting: ku
ikola siswaya, to enjoy meat after good hunting, and after having been a
long time without it.
siswenyi (li-) n. someone who im-portunes; tormentor (from: -swenya).
-sita1 (sitile) v.t. to pound, to stamp, to pestle. der. musiti, busiti,
sisi-tiso, musitelo, fig. to beat very severely. rel. -sitela (sitezi) to
~ for someone. caus. -sitisa (sitisize) to help to ~. stat. -siteha
(sitehile) to be poundable: Mwanda wo ha u sitehi kakuli ha u sika oma
hande, this cassava cannot be easily stamped as it is not yet dry enough.
syn. -funa stat. int. -sitelela (sitelezi) to pound the lot. rec. -siti-
sana (sitisani) to help each other in pounding. red. -sita-sita (sita-
sitile) to pound again and again for a little while. ref. -isitela
(isitezi) to pound for oneself; -isitisa (isiti-size) as rec.
sita2 n. depth. syn. buliba.
sitabamahule (li-) n. thorny crcep-ing plant (from: -taba).
sitabaniso (li-) n. weapon (any kind of arms). syn. silwaniso. (from: -taba)
.
sitabelo (li-) n. sacrifice. offering (from: -taba).
sitabi (li-) n. pain in the side; pneu-monia (from: -taba).
sitabiso (li-) n. anything used to stab (from: -taba).
sitahuliso (li-) n. any implement used for weeding (from: -tahula).
sitaka1¼ (li-) n. (1) thicket of reeds. (2) annual killing of birds.
sitaka2 (li-) n. Pied Kingfisher (bird) syn. mutangalati.
sitaka3, n. companionship. syn. butaka.
-sitaka4 (sitakile) v.i. to walk pomp-ously, full of self importance.
sitakela (li-) n. Lilac-breasted Roller (bird).
sitakuliso1 (li-) n. eraser, rubber, blackboard duster etc. (from: -takula).
sitakuliso2 (li-) n. drum-stick (used for maoma drums) (from: -takula).
sitakutaku (li-) n. a mixed up, quar-relsome person. syn. sibelebele.
sitakwa (li-) n. drunkard (from: -takwa).
sitalifi (li-) n. a learned person, a highly educated person (from: -talifa).
sitambiso (li-) n. Luyana. price paid for obtaining witchcraft medicine
(from: -tamba).

sitamiso (li-) n. anything used for tying (string, bandage, etc.) (from: -
tama) .
-sitana1 (sitani) v.i. to become irres-ponsible (state believed to be
sometimes produced by witchcraft influence). caus. -sitanisa (sitani-size)
to cause to ~: Sesi mu sitani-sEze pilu cwalo ki matokwani, it is hemp
that destroyed his person-ality. ref. -lsitanya (isitanyize) or-isitanisa
-(isitanisize) to destroy one's own personality.
sitana2 (li-) n. the small of the back.
sitandiso (li-) n. pointed stick used to hit the ball (tindi) in the cileke
game (see: sumpu) (from: -tanda).
sitangoyi (bo-) n. Luyana. a person refusing to forgive an offender's fault
and calling for revenge in doing so; someone starting to make mischief cf.
musitanga (from: -tanga).
sitangu (li-) n. wonder, marvel, mir-acle; something unusual, extraor-dinary
syn. mitolo, siyobo.
sitantampongo (li-) n. Toka-Leya. any kind of trce easy to climb.
sitantwe (li-) n. coop.
sitapa (li-) n. Iow ground near the river where maize is cultivated before
the flood.
sitapata (li-) n. a corpulent person.
sitapelo (li- or ma-) n. washing basin, bath; bathing place (from: -tapa).
-sitatala (sitatalile) v.i. to stumble. syn. -sisatala. der. sitataliso. fig.
to fall into temptation. caus. -sitata-lisa (sitatalisize) to cause to
stum-ble; fig. to tempt, to lead into temptation .
sitataliso (li-) n. stumbling-block. fig. scandal (from: -sitatala).
sitatehiso (li-) n. fire-wood. (lit: something used to make a cooking fire)
(from: -tateha).

sitatiso (li-) n. kind of needle used for curling hair (from: -tata). cf -
bonda. :
sitato (li-) n. block of wood on which an anvil is fixed.
sitatu (li- or bo-) n. forest iguana.
sitauliso (li-) n. Eng. anything used t for wiping (towel, handkerchief,
duster, etc.) (from: -taula).
- site1, n. used in the expressions: site sa lizazi, sunbeam; site sa mulilo,
[ rays of the fire.
site2, n. Luyana. thicket of reeds or papyrus.
sitea or siteya, n. carelessness with clothes,
sitebule (li-) n. Eng. stable, small oblong house roughly built.
siteiso (li-) n. bait (any kind) (from: -tea).
sitela1 (li-) n. hatred, spite, malice. ; syn. sitimbo.
-sitela2 (sitezi) v.t. to make a hedge, a fence; to hedge, to fence. der. lu-
sitelo. caus. -sitelisa (sitelisize) to help to ~.
sitema (li-) n. canoe made out of a small tree; short, roughly made canoe.
sitempe (li-) n. Eng. stamp (postage stamp). sitenda (li-) n. bald head.
sitendewa (li-) n. drum beaten at both ends. syn. mukubele.
sitengu (li-) n. Natal Stone Chat (bird) .
siteo (li-) n. trap, snare (any kind) (from: -tea).
sitepo, n. tantrum of a child badly brought up.
sitete, n. flat land covered with flood water (where canoes can take short
cuts across grassy patches and where spear-fishing is easy). syn. butete.
sitetimende (li-) n. Eng. statement statement of appeal, of account, etc).
siteya1 (li-) n. small round calabash used as resounding-box with a ka-
nombyo.
siteya2 n. a habit of careless tearing clothes see: sitea.
siteyo (li-) n. see: siteo.
sitibili (li- or ma-) n. pain caused by a violent blow (from: -tibula).
sitibiso (li-) n. stopper, cork, plug (anything used to stop up a hole)
(from: -tiba).
sitibo (li-) n. cork. (from: -tiba) see: sitibiso.
sitibuliso (li-) n. any instrument used to take off the plaster from a wall.
fig. blunt instrument.
sitibululiso (li-) n. any instrument used to open a corked or choked thing.
corkscrew. (from: -tibulula).
sitilakita (li-) n. Eng. tractor. syn. ti-lakita.
sitima (li-) n. Eng. (steamer) train; engine; locomotive. syn. sitimela.
sitimbo, n. Luyana. hatred, spite, malice. syn. sitela. (from: -timba).
sitimbi (li-) n. dunce, duffer; a bad smger .
sitimela (li-) n. see: sitima.
sitimiso (li-) n. fire-extinguisher. (from: -tima)
sitimuniso (li-) n. anything used to extinguish a fire (from: -timuna).
sitina (li- or bi-) n. brick (also a great quantity of bricks).
sitindi (li- or bi-) n. fishing place where people gather on special oc-
casions to spear fish together (ku waya sitindi). fig. harlot.
sitino1 (li-) n. tomb of members of the Royal Family.
sitino2 (li-) n. garment (covering the lower part of the body) (from: -tina)
.
sitipwitipwi (li-) n. liquid food.
sitobohwa (li-) n. a person who reaks ties with other people be-cause of his
bad character. (from: --oboha).
sitofu (li-) n. Eng. stove.
sitoho1¼ (bi-) n. the last drops of beer remaining in a pot.
sitoho2 (bi-) n. meat from a beast's head given to scrapers as a reward and
eaten by them when scraping the hide.
sitokisi (li-) n. Eng. ('stocks') guard room.
sitoko (li-) n. Eng. stock-taking.
sitokoliso (li-) n. any instrument used to dig or dredge canals, etc. (from:
-tokola).
sitokwa (bi-) n. see: lutokwa.
sitola (li-) n. Sotho. prostitute, harlot; an incestuous person. (from: -
tola).
sitole (li-) n. full-grown heifer.
sitolelo (li-) n. small bottle in which medicinal ointment is kept. (from: -
tola).
sitoli (li-) n. pole fixed in the ground and to which cattle are tied up for
the night.
sitolo (li- or bo-) n. (1)Squacco Heron. (2) African Green-backed Heron. (3)
Little Bittern. (4) Red--necked Little Bittern. (5) African Dwarf Bittern.
(The name sitolo covers many smaller Herons and Bitterns. The name is
applied to each of the above species together with varying descriptive
adjectives or explanations if distinction is re-quired. Sitolo Imau is
often used for Bitterns).
sitolopo (li-) n. Eng. strap for in- spanning oxen.
sitombo (li-) n. abscess, ulcer, sore.
sitomoliso (li-) n. tweezers (any in-strument used for pulling out splinters,
thorns, jiggers, etc.) (from: -tomola).
sitondo1 (bi-) n. Luyana. tree (any
kind of tree). syn. kota.
sitondo2 (bo-) n. (1) rain-maker. (2) name given to people during thun-
derstorms for fear that by calling them by their proper names disa-ster
wouid ensue.
sitongo (li-) n. moan, groan. (from: -tonga).
sitongoliso (li-) n. any implement used to uproot edible bulbs, etc. (from: -
tongola).
sitongwani1 (li-) n. hyena. fig. person prowling about with ill intention.
syn. mukutulu, siwi, mungundwe.
sitongwani2 (li-) n. kind of mush-room.
sitongwani3 (li-) n. kind of thorny bush.
sitopa (li-) n. group or party (of people); school class.
sitoto (li-) n. ignorant, stupid, fool-ish, blockheaded person. syn. muelo,
sikuba. cf. sanganu.
sitowati (li-) n. foreign body (in the eye). syn. Iutokwa.
sitoyo (li-) n. hatred, resentment. syn. ndimbelela, sikukune. (from: -toya).
sitozezo (li-) n. small bottle in which vaseline or medicinal oint-ment is
kept. (from: -toza).
situbiso (li-) m any implement used to pull down a wall, a house, etc. (from:
-tuba).
situhu1, n. cruelty, brutality, barbar-ity
situhu2 (li-) n. kind of bream fish.
situhu3 (li-) n. skin disease (mostly affecting the scalp).
situhulu (li-) n. lineage, descent; progeny, offspring.
situkuliso (li-) n. any winnowing-basket used to sift kaffir-corn. cf. Iiselo
(from: -tukula).
situkutuku, n. sultry heat. (from: -tukutelwa).
situlehiso (li-) n. instrument used in giving a clyster. (from: -tuleha).
situli (li-) n. granary. syn. sifalana.
situliso (li-) n. any tool used by blacksmiths (from: -tula).
situliso2 (li-) n. jumping-pole. (from: -tula).
situlo (li-) n. Eng. (1) stool. chair;
| seat. (2) title, position, office. cf. sipula
situmbuliso1 (li-) n. anything used to start a fire. (from: -tumbula').
situmbuliso2 (li-) n. any instrument used to castrate animals. (from: -
tumbula2).
situmo (li-) n. harmonium, piano, organ. fig. a good bass singer. (from: -
luma).
situmwanyanga, n. way of doing things hurriedly syn. kayeye.
situnda (li-) n. hunch (people). by extension: hunchback.
situndameni, n. see. mutundameni.
situngekiso (li-) n. one of the first strong poles used when starting to
build the roof of a hut. (from: -tungeka).
situngu (li-) n. small circular hut. (from: -tungeka).
situnula (li-) n. a large piece of meat.
situpa (li-) n. identity card, identity certificate, registration card.
situpu (li-) n. corpse. syn. sibimbi.
situsiso (li-) n. any object used to help a person do something. (from: -
tusa).
situtelo (li-) n. vessel into which beer is strained.
situtiso1 (li-) n. sieve, colander. (from: -tuta).
situtiso2, n. an unexpected increase in the volume of the food obtained when
sifting or cooking, and be-lieved to be a gift granted by God and only to
certain people. cf. sib-ubiso. (from: -tuta).
situto (li-) n. wooden tool used to hold hot iron when forging. (from: -
tula).
situtu1, n. kind of grass.
situtu2, n. ardent, but ephemeral love for a new person and disre-garding
others. (from: -tutuma).
situtu3, n. naked above waist, naked ku lobala situtu, to sleep naked.
situtuliso (li-) n. carpet beater. (from: -tutula). anything used to shake
off dust.
situtunga (li-) n. waterbuck
situwa (li-) n. roof.
situyatuya (li-) n. pitch of the mutuya tree (used to poison fish). cf.
kambeti.
-sitwa1 (sitilwe) v.i. to be unwell, to be sick: Bo me ba sitwa kacenu, my
mother is unwell today. syn. -kula.
sitwa2 (sitilwe) e.t. to be too heavy for, to be impossible for: Musebezi wa
ni sitwa, ni palelwa ku u eza ni li nosi, the work is too great for me, l
cannot do it alone. syn. -palelwa. caus. -sitiswa (sitisizwe) to cause
hindrance .
sitwaelelo, n. bad familiarity, abuse of friendship. syn. sindambwila, si-
nungana. (from: -twaela).
sitwatwa (li-) n. barren cow.
sitwi (li-) n. part of a house where guests are received; front hall, front
room.
sitwisambufu (li-) n. Luyana. unu-sual menses during pregnancy.
sitwiso (li-) n. special axe used to hollow out stamping blocks, mor-tars.
sitwolondo (li-) n. large hollowed piece of wood serving as mortar for
stamping clay used in the fab-rication of bellow funnels.
siubeliso (li-) n. any instrument used for making dykes. (from: -ubela).
siukuliso (li-) n. any instrument serving to skim cream, fat, etc. (from: -
ukula).
siula (siuzi) v.t. to act as a mediator, as a peace-maker. der. musiuli. cf.
--sikulula -siuluka (siulukile) v.i. to change di-rection, to turn round.
cf. -siku-luha. rel.
-siulukela (siulukezi) to turn towards. caus. -siulukisa (siu-lukisize) to
cause a change of di-rection.
-siulula (siuluzi) v.t. to cause some-one's change of mind, to separate
fighting people, to act as a media-tor. der. musiululi. cf. -sikulula.
siumbi (li-) n. large water rat.
siumbiso (li-) n. any material used for the building of a shelter (mats,
grass, etc) (from: -umba).
siunduma (li-) n. charm; anything containing witchcraft medicine (horns,
etc.).
siutiso (li-) n. provisions, food sup-plies. (from: -uta).
siuto, n. feeding (of people) (from: --uta).
siwa (bo-) n. Night Heron.
siwabile, n. song connected with girls initiation (usually sung by women when
a girl comes out of her initiation confinement (from: -waba).
siwaiso (li-) n. any kind of fish spear. cf. muwayo. (from: -waya).
siwaluwalu or sihwaluhwalu (li-) n. a deficient person (from all points of
view).
siwambumene or siimbumene (bo-) n. Luyana. a c redulous person, one easily
duped.
siwanamui (li-) n. chamber pot.
siwaya (li-) n. aluminium sauce pan. cf. mupika.
siwayani (li-) n. someone talking nonsense. (from: -wayana).
siweko, n. used in the expression: ku sebeza siweko, to work at
first enthusiastically and then despiri-tedly.
siwela, n. used in the expression: ka siwela, by chance, occasionally, Litapi
cwale li bonwafela ka siwela; fish are now seen only occasion-ally. (from:
-wa).
siweleya, n. group of people wan-dering about with bad intentions (mostly
women).
siwi-namungundwe (bo-) n. Luyana. hyena. syn. sitongwani.
siwiso, n. kind of good luck be-lieved to be imparted to some people, and
according to which pumpkin and vegetable marrow seeds they sow produce
large crops. (from: -wa).
-siya (siile) v.t. to leave behind, to abandon. fig. to die. rel. siyela
(siyezi) to leave for, to abandon to. caus. -siisa (siisize) to cause to
abandon. int. -siyelela (siyelezi) to abandon for good; to abandon
everything.
siyahisi (li- or ma-) n. large rectang-ular house. (from: -yaha).
siyahiso (li-) n. any tool, etc. used in building (from: -yaha).
siyahululiso (li-) n. any tool, etc. used in dismantling something. (from: -
yaha).
siyakayaka (li-) n. outcast, vaga-bond. syn. sicakacaka, liwangu-wangu,
siyambangani. sibangoki.
siyakiso (li-) n. means used by rain-makers to drive back rain. (from: -
yaka).
siyaleto (li-) n. nest. sp. exp. Ku siya mwanafa siyaleto, to die in child-
birth (from: -yaleta).
siyaletiso (li- or ma-) n. fragments of rceds put in a pot to prevent fish
from burning. (from: -yaleta).
siyalo (li-) n. reed mat spread in a canoe to protect people and goods from
the water. (from: -yala).

-siyama tsiyami or siyamile) v.i. to bŽ or to lie across something: Ni fumani

likuluyoka li siyami mwa nzila, I found a very large snake lying across
the path. syn. -baama. rel. -siyamela (siyamezi) to ~ (to-wards): U sike
wa siyamela kwa ma-lobalelo a yo munwi, do not cause inconvenience to your
bed-fellow by putting your tegs across (his area). caus. -siyamisa
(siyamisize) to put across: Sesi ku siyamisize mwa munyako kini? why are
you sitting in the doorway?
siyamana (li-) n. Luyana. a wild animal. syn. folofolo.
siyambangani (li- or bo-) n. outcast, vagabond. syn. sicakacaka, liwang-
uwangu, osiyamena, siyakayaka. n. used adverbially: open, U sEile ndu ya
hae siyamena, he left his house open .
-siyamena (siyamezi) v.i. to be bereft (husband of wife or wife of husband).
cf. -shwelwa. fig. to die, to perish. sp. exp: ku shwa, ku siya-mena, to
perish in great numbers.
-siyana (isyani or siyanile) v.i. to compete, to race; to differ: Lizuma ze
za siyana kwa bunde; these bas-kets are different one is nicer than the
other. der. sijano. syn. -lakana.
siyandingiso (li-) n. any instrument used to stir food (meal, small fish.
etc.) spread out in the sun in order to be dried. (from: -yandinga).
siyanehelo (li-) n. (1) mat used in the drying of grain, meal, etc. (2) wire,
cord, plastic-line used as a washing-line. (from: -yaneha).
siyanga (li-) n. sce: -sianga.
siyangiso (li-) n. any implement used to pluck fruit.
siyangwa or suyangwa (bo-) n. Crested Hawk Eagle.
siyano, n. race, competition. cf. mwendano (from: -siyana

siyanunelo (li-) n. container used for grain gathered after having been
spread out for drying. (from: -yanuna).
siyatiso (li-) n. instrument used by African doctors to cut arteries in order
to relieve people from neu-ralgia, headache, toothache, etc. (from: -
yata).
siyawani (li-) n. see. siwayani.
siyaya (li- or bi-) n. kind of disease, no longer occurring, associated with
superstitious beliefs.
siyayuliso (li-) n. any instrument used to scale fish. (from: -yayula).
siye (li- or bi-) n. likishi dancer's dress. fig. exp: ku kenela matu mwa
siye, to cheat. syn. sinyamba.
siyebuliso (li-) n. any implement used for pecling fruit, vegetables, etc.
(from: -yebula).
siyebuliso (li-) n. any implement used for pecling fruit, vegetables, etc.
(from: -yebula).
-siyeka (siyekile) v.t. see. sieka.
siyekela (siyekezi) v.t. to give suck (cow): Komu yani ya siyekela, that cow
is giving suck to its calf; to suck (calf): Hakuna mabisi, namani i
siyekezi, the cow has no more milk, for its calf has been sucking.
siyekile (bo-) n. lark.
siyemboka (li-) n. see: siemboka.
siyemo (li-) n. see: siemo.
siyendekaminsi, n. horizon. (lit: where pestles can be leant against the
firmament).
siyengiso (li-) n. any instrument used to give a smooth finish to wood work
(hatchet, knife, etc.). (from: -yenga)
siyepeliso or siyepiso (li-) n. any tool used in digging. (from: -yepa).
siyo, adv. not there: ku ba siyo, not be there, to be absent
siyobo (li-) n. (1) something ex-traordinary, unusual: bad omen. (2) wonder,
marvel, miracle. syn. mitolo, sitangu.
siyokoliso (li-) n. pincers, or anvything used to take an object or food out
of the fire. (from: -yokola )
siyokoyoko (li- or bi-) n. kind of fish with dangerous pointed fins. syn.
singongi, sibutu.
siyongili, n. noise made by many people
siyopu (li-) n. hut used for ritual confinements (of mothers soon after
giving birth etc ).
siyotelelo (li-) n. container in which medicinal roots are burnt.
siyubiso (li-) n. scoop, anything used for bailing (from: -yuba)
siyubo (li-) n. (1) scoop (2) Li-ntunga's harbour (from -yuba)
siyumbangetiso (li-) n. offering made to the spirit of an ancestor. syn.
sipaileliso. (from -yumbang-eta)
siyumbela, n. custom of putting poison in water to kill fish. (from - -
yumbela). cf. kambweti.
siyumbeliso (li-) n. spade, hoe, any tool used for making dykes. (from: -
yumbela)
siyumeneno (li-) n. pot used for the preparation of medicinal steam in-
halations (from:-yumena)
siyunda (li-) n. optical illusion (due to darkness) (from: -yunda).
sizana, col. n. young giris: sizana ya Sefula, the young giris of Sefula. cf.
tangana.
s,zekiso (li-) n. court fee (from: --zeka)
siziba (li-) n. African kilt. cf. mu-lamba.
sizibi (li-) n. a clever student (from: -ziba)
sizingwa (li-) n. a foolish, stupid, strong-headed person. (from: -zinga)

sizizi (li-) n. dunce. duffer, feeble-minded person; irresponsible person.

(from: -zizibala)
sizo, n. habit, custom, disposition. etc pertaining to someone's origin.
sizonono (li-) n. severe gonorrhea
sizubelo (li-) n. snuff-box (from: -zuba).
sizuhela or sizuhelwa, n. fit of temper. (from: -zuha). moodiness
sizumi (li-) n. basket.
sizumi (li-) n. hunter syn. muzumi (from -zuma)
sizwakiso (li-) n. anything used for mixing with something else: Ha t?i na
sEzwakiso sa bupi bwa mwania, ni soka fela bupi bwa mbonyi, I am preparing
just maize buhobe for I have no cassava flour to mix with it (from:-zwaka)
sizwalo, n. hereditary characteris-tic. trait
sizwana, n. Toka-Leya earthen pot
-sobonta (sobontile) or sobota (sobo-tile) v.i. to be drenched to the skin
(rain) fig. to rain blows upon, to beat up. rec. fig. -sobotana (sobo-
tani) to beat up each other severely.
sobozi1, n. partiality, favouritism. bias syn. sishweka.
sobozi2, n. resemblance, likeness syn. sihozo.
soi (lioi) n. dog's collar.
soka1 (lioka) n. iron ring tightening a spear-head to its handie (from: -
soka2).
-soka2 (sokile) v.t. to tighten a spear-head to its handie with an iron ring
der. soka.
-soka3 (sokile) v.i. to blossom (maize, kaffir corn, etc.)
-soka4 (sokile) v.t. to stir buhobe. fig. to twist, to wring: Ba mu sokile
mulala, they wrung his neck der. musoki, musokelo, lusokwana,
mu- sokwana. cf. bonda. rel. -sokela (sokezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -
 sokisa (sokisize) to help to ~. stat. -sokeha (sokehile) to be able to be
stirred: Bupi bo ha bu sokehi hande, ha hu si ka oma; this flour cannot be
stirred in a proper way because it has not been dried. int. -sokelela
(soWelezi) to ~ the whole lot. freq. -sokanga to ~ frequently. inv. -so-
kolola (sokolozi) to ~ for the second time: Na, ha ni ci buhobe bo bu
sokolozwi, ki mwila. I don't eat buhobe which has been stirred for the
second time, for that is taboo red. -soka-soka (soka-sokile) to ~ quickly.
ref. -lsokela (isokezi) to ~ for oneself: Ni ta isokela kahobe ka-
kanyinvanifela, I shall just prepare a small quantity of buhabe for
myself.
sokisi (masokisi) n. Eng. sockg stocking
soko (lioko) n. see: sioko.
sokola (liokola) n. shelled cob of maize. syn. mutose.
soli (lioli) n. island. syn. Iikuli.
-solomona (solomozi) v.t. to crush, to husk: ku solomona mauza a ku tefsa
linyunywani, to husk millet in order to trick and snare birds
-solompa (solompile) v.t. to drench syn. -sompa. cf. -nela.
solume, n. personal property (crops, etc.) of a husband which he alone can
dispose of: Munumwaha, ha ni sika kutula hande mwa simu ya ka ya solume,
ha ni zibi se ni ta yum-bulanga ba ba ta na ba lu etelanga; this year, I
did not harvest much in my own field and I don't know how I shall show
hospitality to our visitors.
-soma (somile) v.t. (1) to ridicule, to hold someone up to ridicule; to mock,
to jeer, to scorn. der. lisomo, sisomo. syn. -shengula. rec.

-somana (somani) to mock each other. ref. -isoma (isomile) to deride oneself
by swaggering (2) to have sexual intercourse rel. -somela (somezi) to
offend someone by having sexual intercourse with one of his relatives, to
~ somewhere caus. -somisa (somisize) to cause to ~ rec. -somana (somani)
to have sexual intercourse by mutual agreement freq. -somanga to
frequently ~
sombaombiso (li-) n. anything used to console, to lull or to comfort a child
(from:-omba-omba).
sombeka, n. manner of cooking without sufficient fire. fig. exp: Taba ye ki
sombeka, this case is an old one and is making no progress
sombela (liombela) n. large brown forest-lizard.
sombo, n. ritual sacrifice of cattle (or people) usually made in the past on
the occasion of a Litunga's death.
somo (liomo) n. see: siomo.
-sompa (sompile) v.t. see: -solompa.
sompo (li-) n. kind of witchcraft medicine made of crushed leaves (believed
to protect against the hostile influence of spirits of de-ceased people).
-sompoloka (sompolokile) v.i. to become powerless (speaking of a witchcraft
medicine or of a witch-doctor whose power has been overcome by a more
powerful in-fluence): Mulyani wa hae u sompolo-kile, his medicine has lost
its po-tency. syn. -tompoloka. int. -sompo-lokelela (sompolokelezi) to
lose en-tirely potency or power
-sompolola (sompolozi) v.t. to annual (by means of witchcraft medicine) the
power of a witch-doctor or the potency of any of his medicines. ref. -
isompolola (isom polozi) to eat, inadvertedly or by necessity, tabooed
food which amluis the power of a protecting medicine.
sonda (lionda) n. sce: sionda.
sondo1 (liondo) n. any tool, etc. which can be used to cause harm
sondo2 (liondo) n. iron forged into any implement. adv. exp: sondo si sa
cisa, immediately (lit: while the iron is still hot)
-sondomeka (sondomekile) v.t. to in-struct fullyt to insist in giving ex-
planations. cf. -ngotomeka.
sondwe (liondwe) n. kind of edible tuber which grows in the forest (much
liked by duikers). syn. sim-bulukushu.
songanyi, n. see: sibonganyi.
songiso (li-) n. Luyana. method used to cheat syn. sipumiso. (from: -onga)
sonya (sonyize) v.t. (1) to squash an insect. (2) to kill: to run over
someone, to trample to death. cf. -bulaya. rel. -sonyeza (sonyelize) to
kill for, at, in caus. -sonyisa (sonyi-size) to cause or to help to kill.
-soneta (sonetile or sonetite) v.t. (1) to push something forward into a
hole. (2) to kill by stining
soo (lioo) n. bath used for medicinal ablutions (mostly intended to bring
good luck).
soomo (liomo) n. sce: siomo.
Sope (1) January (see: Kweli) (2) Lozi Prime Minister. syn. Ngam-bela,
Minyolui.
sopu or sopusiwa, n. Luyana. fine grass growing in fertile soil, fig. exp:
Kacenu u pila hande, u fumani fa sopusiwa: he is living very well today,
for he has found a sinecure.
sosaa ! interj. burnt out! burnt to ashes! Ni tilofumana tapiya ka i cile
sosaa! I found that my fish was completely burnt to ashes! syn. lotee!
-sosobana (sosobani or sosobanile) v.i. (1) to frown; to show anger, to show
displeasure, discontent. (2) to show physical signs of moral troubles. cf.
-shanana. caus. -soso-banisa (sosobanisize) or-sosobanya (sosobanyize) to
cause to ~.
sosolo (li-) n. Eng. saucer cf. pu-laiti.
-sosonya (sosonyize) v.t. to eat, picking at (peanuts, small fish! etc.) rel.
-sosonyeza (sosonyelize) to ~ at things belonging to someone caus. -
sosonyisa (sosonyisize) to cause to ~. int. -sosonyeleza (soso-nyelelize)
to ~ the whole lot. -sota (sotile) v.t. to chew, to masti-cate (sugar
cane, etc.) throwing away the hard core. syn. -kambula. -soteza (sotelize)
v.t. to drive cattle fig. to accompany a sick person -sotisa (sotisize)
v.t. to deprive, to dispossess, disinherit. der. sotiso. syn. -kabelela, -
tombola. cf. -yawa. ref. -lsotisa ( isotisize) to bring harm or misfortune
upon oneself: U isotisize i li yena, ka ku bulaya mwan'a hae ya n'a ka mu
pilisa; he made hardship for himself by kill-ing the child who wouid have
looked after him.
sotiso, n. dispossession, depri-vation, disinheritance. (from: -sotisa).
soto, adj. dark brown (male cattle (with reference to female cattle: sotwana
).
sowa (liowa) n. scorpion. syn. ka-banze.
soya (lioya) n. gonorrhoca, blen-norrhoca
soyafutu, n. Luyana. hardship caused by bad health: ku pila soya-futu, to
live a hard life due to bad health.

sozela (bo-) n. a dozy, sleepy person. (from: -ozela).

su! interj. expressing darkness: Ku lisu! it is dark; we are in darkness!
suba (liuba) n. dyke, artificial ter-race built to stop or to bridge water in
the floody plain. (from: -ubela)
-subaela (subaezi) v.t. to overfeed a child.
-subaeta (subaetile) v.t. as -subaela.
-subalala (subalalile) v.t. to force, to compel, to constrain; to bind, to
leave no option. der. sisubi. syn. --hapeleza. -subama.
-subama (subami or subamile) v.t. as -subalala.
-subeka (subekile) v.t. to put things in the wrong place. freq. -subaeka
(subaekile) to ~ repeatedly.
-subiketa (subiketite) v.i. to appear as part of a whole: Nifumani noha i
subiketite mwa musima, I found a snake half in its hole.
-suboka (subokile) v.i. to be obsti-nate, stubborn. der. musuboko. rel. -
subokela (subokezi) to annoy someone by one's obstinacy, caus. -subokisa
(subokisize) to cause stubbornness.
-sueta (suetile) v.i. see: -sweta.
-suha1 (suhile) v.t. to tan, to rumple, to soften a skin. fig. to shake (as a
dog shaking an animal it has caught). der. musuhi. syn. -nyuka. rel. -
shuhela (suhezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -suhisa (suhisize) to help to ~.
stat. -suheha (suhehile) to be able to be softened; to be able to become
supple, soft: . Mukata wa ka u suhehile hande, my hide is properly
softened. rec. -suhana (suhani or suhanile) fig. to fight. red. -suha-suha
(suha-suhile) to soften a skin a little ref. -isuhela (isuhezi) to ~ for
oneself.
-suha2 (suhile) v.i. to fear, to be afraid of. syn. -saba. caus. -susa
(susize) to frighten (see: -susa). rec. -suhana suhani) to fear each
other. suko (li-) n. penis syn. pili. memba. sukulu (li-) n. rhinoceros;
knob-kerry made of rhino horn.
-sukuluka1 (sukulukile) v.i. to suffer: to be in great difficulty. sn. -
nyanda, shupeka, sheta.
-sukuluka2 (sukulukile) v.i. to be stirred, agitated (water); to be raised
(dust).
-sukulula (sukuluzi) v.t. to agitate, to shake to stir: Mu sike mwa suku-lula
mezi ao, ni bata ku t'o a nwa, don't disturb that water I want to drink
it! der. sukusuku.
-sukumuna (sukumuzi) v.t. to shake earth to the ground (when hocing or
weeding).
sukusuku (ma-) n. settling (of water), (from: -sukulula).
-sula (sulile) v.t. to remove a pot from the fire; to take cooked food out of
a pot and share its contents. der. musuli, musulelo, musulo. rel.-sulela
(sulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -sulisa (sulisize) to help to ~. int. -
sulelela (sulelezi) to distribute the whole contents of a pot. ref. -
isulela (isulezi) to take for oneself food from the pot: Mwanana u maswe
ku isulelanga busunso mwa piza, a sikafiwa: it is a bad habit for a child
to help himself from a pot of relish without permission. fig. exp: U ta si
sula unomwaha, you will suffer this year (as a consequ-ence of bad
behaviour).
-sulaeta (sulaetite) v.t. to escort an unwilling person (as a policeman
escorting a prisoner) rel. -sulaetela (sulaetezi) to escort to.
-sulana (sulani) v.i. to catch one's breath (fear); to be extremelv
preoccupied; to be on the point of death: Moya wa ka s'o sulana
mwa sifuba..ha ni sa ziba se ni ka eza: I am extremely preoccupied and I
don't know what I am going to do
sulu (liulu) n. kind of tree (growing in the plain).
-suluha (suluhile) v.i. to spill out (liquid). syn. -ndan~uka cf. -shuku-
muka, -lubuka, fig. to pour (rain). int. -suluhelela (suluhelezi) to spill
out completely: Mabisi a suluhelezi kaufel'a ona, the milk spilt out
completely.
-sulula (suluzi) v.t. (1) to pour, to shed, to spill. syn. -sela. (2) to have
diarrhoca. syn. -pyeha. sp. exp. Ku sulula mba, to abort; ku sulula mali,
to have blackwater fever (dysen-tery) rel. -sululela (sululezi) to pour
something down. caus. -sululisa (sululisize) to cause to spill; to purge.
int. -sululelela (sululelezi) to spill the whole amount. freq. -su-laula
(sulauzi) to cause a liquid to squirt out, to spout from a con-tainer.
ref. -isululela (isululezi) to spill a liquid onto one's body.
-sulumana (sulamani) v.i. to remain at the same place, to sit down si-lently.
syn. -ungumana, -shushu-mana.
-sulumeka (sulumekile) v.t. to suc-cced in doing anything. cf. -kona, -omeka.
sului, n. col. n. warrior ant. red ant
suma (li-) n. see: sisuma.
sumbi (ii-) n. see. siumbi.
sumbwanyambe (bo-) n. God's crea-ture.
-sumekela (sumekezi) v.t. to promise; to make an agreement; to consecrate (a
church, etc): Ni sumekezi musali, I made an agree-ment with a lady in
order to marry her.
sumpu (li-) n. pointed stick used to hit the ball in the game called tindi or
cileke (see: tindi, cileke)

-sumpwa (sumpilwe) v.i. to be bored (by insects): Mbonyi ya ka i sum-pilwe,

my maize has been de-stroyed by borers.
sumu, adj. white muzzled (body being of any colour) male cattle: (with
reference to female cattle: sunyana)
-sumuna (simuzi) v.i. to purse one's lips, to pout; to look sulky.
Sunda (li-) n. Eng. (1) Sunday; la Sunda, ka la Sunda. on Sunday syn. Pumulo.
cf. Sabata. (2) week. syn. viki.
-sunda2 (sundile) v.t. to push. cf. -kasha. pass. -sundwa (sundilwe) to be
pushed. fig. to feel an urgent need to relieve oneself (see: -sundwa).
rel. -sundela (sundezi) to push towards, to push for some-one: Mu ni
sundele mota ya ka kwa ndu, push my car to the house caus. -sundisa
(sundisize) or order or to help to push. -sundeleza (sun-delelize), -
sundiliketa (sundilike-tite), -sundilikeza (sundilikelize) to push someone
through, to help someone through) int. -sundelela (sundelezi) to push
persistently, together fig. to get in by intrusion: Mu sike mwa sundelela
cwalofa mu-nyako, mu tuhele pili banana ba kene, do not push in through
the door, let the children come in first. stat. -sundeha (sundeile) to be
mo-vable: Mota ya luna i pala ku sun-deXa ka baka la lishabati, our car
cannot be moved because of the sand. rec. a) -sundana (sundani) to push
each other; b) -sundanela (sundanezi) to rush for: Mu si ke mwa sondanela
mwa munyako cwalo, do not rush like this to-ward,s the door. freq. -
sundanga to push persistently. fig. to be ill for a long time; -sundangisa
(sundangi-size) fig. (1) to cause persistent suf fering: Butuku bwa hae bu
sa mu sundangisa, his illness still makes him suffer a lot; (2) to
throttle with insistence. (3) to push forward en-ergetically a canoe too
heavily loaded for a single paddier inv. -sundulula (sunduluzi) to push
again and again. red. -sunda-sunda (sunda-sundile) to give a little push
ref. -isunda (isundile) as rec.
sundulula, n. important matter, im-portant case which cannot be settled
quickly fig. people or cattle in great numbers. syn. -sundunda.
sunduma (liunduma) n. see: siun-duma.
-sundumana (sundumani) v.i. to do something energetically (running, pushing,
etc . .)
sundunda, n. people or cattle in very great numbers. syn. sundulula fig.
-sundwa (sundilwe) pass. v. to feel an urgent need to relieve oneself. (see:
-sunda. pass. fig.)
-sunga (sungile) v.t. to urge, to press, to incite: Mu sunge batu katata, ba
ye kwa musebezi, you must strongly encourage people to go to work. cf. -
sungumuna.
sungabusu, n. buhobe that crumbles for lack of sufficient water: U toko-mele'
u sike wa soka sungabusu, take care not to stir the buhobe with
insufficient water.
sungo (biungo) n. promontory. syn. mongu or mongu.
sungulela, n. hart-burn.
-sungumuna (sungumuzi) v.t. to urge, to press insistently. cf. -sunga.
-sunsa (sunsize) v.t. to dip lumps of buhobe in relish. der. busunso, mu-
sunsezo. rel. -sunseza (sunselize) to ~ for someone: Usunseze munyan'a hao
 hande, a ce a kule: help your little brother to dip his buhobe in the
relish so that he eats enough and becomes full.
-sunya1 (sunyize) v.t. to throw down something which sinks into the sand: sp.
exp. U sike wa sunya toho ya hao mwa lishabati, u tafateha, do not put
your head into the sand, otherwise it will get into your eyes.
-sunya2 (sunyize) v.t. to give (in such a way that only the recipient knows
of the gift). cf. -fa.
-suna (sunile) v.t. to transplant, to plant cuttings. der. musur;i, musu-
nelo. rel. -sunela (sunezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -sunisa (sunisize) to
help to ~. int. -sunelela (sunelezi) to ~ the whole lot. red. -suna-suna
(suna-sunile) to plant some cut-tings; to spend a short time trans-
planting
supal (li ) n. weevil, insect borer. wood-boring insect.
-supa2 (supile) v.t. (1) to point at, to indicate. (2) to appoint. der. musu-
pezi. rel. -supeza (supelize) to show to: A mu ni supeze nzila, show me
the way. caus. -supisa (supisize) to aim at: Ku maswe ku supisa mutu
tobolo, it is a dangerous habit to aim at someone with a gun. red. -supa-
supa (supa-supile) to point at insistently.
-supala (supezi) v.i. to become old. der. musupali, busupali. syn. -cem-bala.
rel. -supalela (supalezi) to grow old in or at (a place): Nyambe, yena, u
supalezifa muse-bezi u li munwi; Nyambe has grown old doing the same job.
caus. -su-palisa (supalisize) to cause senility: Bucwala bu supalisa
hahulu batu, heavy drinking causes untimely old age. ref. a)-isupaza
(isupalize) to cause one's own ageing. idiom. exp: Mutu ya nwa bucwala u
isupaza ni ka ku sa tapa, a heavy drinker ages twice as quickly because he
is incapable of properly looking after himself. b) -isupalisa (isupali-
size) to make oneself look old; to have manners of old people; to pretend
to be old.
supamweto, adv. cntirely, wholly. the whole of them: Ba shwile su-pamweto,
they were entirely wiped out.
supu (li-) n. Eng. soup.
-susa (susize) to frighten, to scare, to startle; to daunt. der. sisusa. syn.
-sabisa. rel. -suseza (suselize) to ~ for someone. rec. -susana (susani)
to ~ each other. freq. -susanga to ~ frequently.
susu (bo-) n. a deaf person.
-susueza (susuelize) v.t. to influ-ence, to induce, to incite; to exvite.
(mostly into bad ways). der. mususuezi, susuezo. syn. -susumeza. cf. -
hukueza. rel. -susuezeza (susue-zelize) to influence in a certain way.
susuezo (li-) n. incitement; influ-ence. (from: -susueza).
-susuma (susumile) v.i. to have a pleasant, oily appearance (skin after
omtment).
-susumeza (susumelize) to push into; to urge, to compel, to incite. syn. -
susueza. rel. -susumeleza (su-sumelelize) to urge to. ref. -lsusu-meza
(susumelize) to push oneself into, to intrude.
-suta1 (sutile) v.i. to draw aside, to get out of the way, to retreat. cf. -
shenya. rel. -sutela (sutezi) to make room for someone. caus. -sutisa
(sutisize) to push aside, to cause to retreat.
-suta2 (sutile) v.t. to push up (mole pushing up soil).
-suteka (sutekile) v.t. to throw down to the ground (in wrestling).
-sutelela (sutelezi) v.i. (1) to ap-proach, to come near: Sutelela kwanu,
come here. (2) to retreat: i Sutelela koo, move back. caus. -su-teleza
(sutelelize) (1) to bring near. (2) to push back, to push away, to drive
off, to repel. syn. -atameza.
suti (li-) n. Eng. suit. syn. paka.
suto, n. generous care: Ki musali yo munde ya na ni suto kwa batu, she is a
good and generous wife who cares for everybody.
-sutuka (sutukile) v.i. to rise up from the ground (mole-hill, mole- cast);
to swell (abscess).
suukulu, adv. empty handed: ku zamaya suukulu, to walk empty handed.
suulu (liulu) n. see: sulu.
suulumuko, n. flight (of birds or wild animals) (from: -ulumuka).
suulu-ulu, adv. quickly and in great numbers: ku mata suulu-ulu, to run
quickly (speaking of many people) (from: -ulumuka).
suuwa (liuwa) n. piece of ground missed by a ploughman; piece of ground not
yet cultivated but int-tended to be.
suyelelo (liuyelelo) n. Luyana. con-tainer (basket, etc.) in which is kept
newly caught fish, freshly plucked fruit, etc. (from: -uya).
suyelo (liuyelo) n. stomach of birds, fowls, etc. cf. swili.
suyi (liuyi) n. increasing dimness of sight.
swa! interj. used to incite huntin, dogs to chase game. see: -swakeza. syn.
swala!
-swaba1 (swabile) v.i. to be disap-pointed; to be sad, sorry, ashamed; to be
shy, timid. der. maswabi, maswabisa. rel. -swabela (swabezi) to be ashamed
of (some-one's behaviour). to be sorry for, to deplore. caus. -swabisa
(swabi-size) to cause disappointment, sorrow, shame: litaba ze
swatisa, shameful matters, rec. -swabisana (swabisani) to cause mutual
disap-pointment. ref. -lswabisa (iswabi-size) to cause sorrow or shame to
each~other; to pretend to be sorry or ashamed; to make a fool of one-self.
-swaba2 (swabile) v.i. (1) to fade, to droop, to wither (flowers, leaves,
etc.) to become dry (fish, etc.).
-swaela (swaezi) v.t. to stab an animal already wounded, or an enemy in a
war. der. muswaeli, bus-waeli. rel. -swaelela (swaelezi) to ~ for someone.
-swakeza (swakelize) v.t. to incite hunting dogs to chase game. (from: -swa).
swaki (liswaki., n. water bag.
-swalal (sweli) v.t. to catch, to seize, to grasp, to hold; to apprehend.
syn. -nyamatala, -kwanganya. der. muswali, muswalelo, miswalo, buis-walo,
swalisano, swalano, swaleho. rel. -swalela (swalezi) to hold for someone;
to relieve somebody?; to apprehend on someone's behalf, caus. -swalisa
(swalisize) to assist in holding, in apprehending, to report, to cause
someone's arrest. stat. -swaleha (swalehile) to be caught; to be occupied,
busy fig. to be understandable: Taba ya hae ha i swalehi hande, it is
difficult to understand his case; it is diffi-cult to grasp his point of
view; Mutu yo h'a swalehi hande, one cannot see through that man. rec. -
swalana (swalani) (1) to cooperate. sp. exp: ku swalana bulikani, to
become intimate friends. (2) to come to blows. red. -swala-swala (swala-
swalile) (1) to work for a short time: Ni swala-swalafela ha-nyinyani, ni
tuha ni lisela musebezi; I am just working for a very short time, I am
going to leave my work (2) to take a little food: Ha ni koni ku ca, ni
swala-swala hanyinyani fela; l cannot eat much, I am just trying to take a
little food. (3) to give hope, to promise, to deceive: Se ni ku lemuhile
kale. u ni swala-swala fela fa meto, ha u ni lati; I know what you are
like, you let me hope, but you do not love me ref. -lswala (isweli) to
behave oneself: to stand firm in difficulties; to help each other.
swala2 (bo-) n. fishing net. syn. ka-nyandi. (from: -swala).
swalala, n. dusk, twilight syn. ma-wiliywa .
swalano (li-) n. cooperation. (from: -swala) .
swaleho (li-) n. activity. (from: -swala).
-swalela (swalezi) v.t. to forgive, to excuse, to absolve. der. swalelo,
swalelano. rec. -swalelana ( swale-lani) to forgive each other. ref. -is-
walela (iswalezi) as rec.
swalelano (li-) n. reciprocal pardon (from: -swalela).
swalelelel (li ) n. hasp and stapel (for padiock, etc.) (from: -swala).
swalekle2 n. temporary measure, stop-gap thing
swalelo (li-) n. pardon, forgive-ness. (from: -swalela).
swalisano (li-) n. cooperation (from: -swala).
swalo, n. act of catching: Fa swalo ya baloi, when witchdoctors were
arrested.
-swana (swanile) v.i. to resemble, to be like, to look like; to be similar;
to be equal. der. muswanisi, siswa-niso. caus. -swanisa (swanisize) to
imitate, to copy, to compare; to represent, to draw, to photograph: to
guess. sp. exp: Ha ni swanisezi, kono ki mo ku inezi; I do not guess, it
is so! int. -swanelela (swanelezi) to be completely similar: Batu ha ba
swaneleli, people are different each person is different.
-swanela1 (swanezi) v.t. to fit, to suit; to become: Kuwani ya hao ya ka
swanela, your hat suits you. stat. -swaneleha (swanelehile) to be at-
tractive; to be well matched.
-swanela2 (swanezi) v.aux. ought (2 infinitive) (expressing duty, advi-
sability): U swanezi ka eza musebezi wa hao hande, you must do your work
properly. pass. -swanelwa (swanezwi) to be worthy of: U swa-nelwa ki
mupuzo wa likute, he de-serves an honour (i.e. he ought to have an
honour). der. swanelo. stat. -swaneleha (swanelehile) to be con-venient.
swanelo (li-) n. duty; right: ka eza ka swanelo, to be dutiful; swatted ya
mute ka Mulen'a hae, allegiance. (from: -swanela).
swanyana, adj. see: -sweu.
-swasa (swasize) v.t. to catch (fish, birds, etc.) der. muswasi. fig: to
catch people by their words. rel. -swaseza (swaselize) to catch for
someone. stat. -swaseha (swasehile) to be caught. rec. -swasana (swa-sani)
to decoy fig. to entangle each other. ref. -iswasa (iswasize) to cause
one's own trouble; to catch out each other.
-swaya (swaile) v.t. to mark, to seal. der. muswai, liswayo, siswaiso.

-swenya (swenyize) v.t. to disturb, to worry, to oppress. der. muswenyi,

muswenyehi, luswenyo, buswenyi, maswenyeho. syn. -shupa, -kataza, -
nyandisa, tolia. (also: -toliya) rel. -swenyeza (swenyelize) to ~ some-one
by doing something: Wena u ni swenyeza bana, you are troubling my
children. stat. -swenyeha (swe-nyehile) to be worried, to be op-pressed;
to be unwell. rec. -swe-nyana (swenyani) to disturb each other to trouble
each other ref. -ls-wenya (iswenyize) to cause one's own worries
-sweta (swetile) v.i. to go upstream, to paddle against the current. der.
musweto. cf. -enduka or yenduka.
sweta (li-) n. Eng. sweater, pullover, etc.
sweu, adj. white (with reference to female cattle swanyana). sp. exp: fo ka
sweu, in an open place; idiom. exp: Nyambe u swala mute do ka sweu fela;
where one thinks there is no danger that is where one meets death.
sweu-sweu, adv. used in the idiom. exp: Baloi ba ni siile fa libala leli
sweu-sweu, the sorcerers killed all my children (lit. left me alone in an
open plain).
swikili (li-) n. Eng. ('sweet') sugar syn. shuka.
swili (li-) n. gizzard of a bird or fowl.
T
T, t, pronounced as in English
ta1 aux. v. forming future tenses and placed between the subject and the
verb: Ni ta bulela, I shall speak (same as ka)
-ta2 (tile) v.i. to come: Ta kwanu, come here; a mu te ni mina, do come also
syn: -taha. rel. -tela (tezit to come for: Mu tezini khans? what did you
come for? why did you come here? caus. -tisa (tisize) to bring; to
accompany (see: -tisa). int. -telela (telezi) to come for good
-taama (taami or taamile) v.i. to return home (from a day's fishing or from
the forest) with an empty bag, empty-handed caus. -taamisa (taamisize) to
cause to ~. to cause to hinder: Lo taamisizwe ki ka saba pula, we came
back empty-handed because we were afraid of being caught by rain
-taana (taani or taanile) v.i. to be destroyed, spoilt, damaged; to become
crippled: likomu za mufu li taani kaufela, ne li sina mubabaleli, all the
deceased's cattle were lost because there was nobody to look after them.
caus. -taanisa (taani-size) to cause to ~. Bucwala be taa-nisize bate ba
banata. drinking has ruined many people
-taba1 (li-) n. matter, argument, affair; news, story; case, law-suit: lea ka
na taba, it does not matter; taba ki ifi? what is the matter? Litaba ki
lifi koo? what is the news where you come from? Taba ya hae u i ezize
butuna, he gave great importance to his case.
-taba2 (tabile) v.i. to be glad, to re-joice, to be merry, to be joyful. der.
tabo, buitabiso. syn. -nyaka-lala, -wabelwa. rel. -tabela (tabezi) to
enjoy something, to rejoice for, to take pleasure in caus. -tabisa
(tabisize) to cause joy, to cheer, to please rec. rel. -tabelana
(tabelani) to be happy together, to enjoy each other's company. caus. -
tabi- sana (tabisani) to please each other ref. -ltabisa (itabisize) to
look after one's own pleasure.
-taba3 (tabile) v.t. to spear, to stab: to kill, to slaughter; to prick, to
sting; to inject: ka taba ndonga, to give an injection. der. mutabi, mu-
tabani, sitabiso, sitabelo, matabelo, sitabaniso, tabisa. cf. -pwalyeka, -
kipweka. fig. to hurt someone's feelings rel. -tabela (tabezi) to stab at;
to kill for; to sacrifice for caus. -tabisa (tabisize) to cause to stab
stat. -tabeha (tabehile) fig. to feel an acute pain in the chest. int. -
ta-belela (tabelezi) to complete the action of killing. freq. -tabaka (ta-
bakile) to stab, to spear repeat-edly. rec. -tabana (tabani) to fight rel.
-itaba (itabile) to hurt oneself with a sharp instrument, to stab
taba4, adj. brown and black (ox or bull) (with reference to a cow: tabana)
-tabauka (tabaukile) v.i. see: -taboka.
-tabeka (tabekile) v.t. to fence, to hedge; to surround, to besiege: Lo
tabekilwe ki lila, we are surrounded by enemies cf. -ambeka.
-tabeleza (tabelelize) v.t. to intone, to start singing; to sing a solo (fol-
lowed by a chorus) (see: -shoela). der. mutabelezi. rel. -tabelezeza (ta-
belezelize) or -tabeleleza (tabelele-lize) to intone for; to sing a solo
for.
-tabilikana (tabilikani) v.i. to be covered with specks; to have a rash (on
the skin); to be bespat-tered (mud, dirt, etc.).
tabisa (li-) n. table fork. syn. foloko. (from: -taba).
tabo, n. joy, pleasure, happiness. cf. nyakalalo. (from:-taba).
-taboka1 (tabokile) v.i. to speak without restraint to speak non sense syn. -
tamoka. rel. -tabokela (tabokezi) to ~ to: ku tabokela mutu litaba za
linolwani, to bother someone with trifling matters caus: -tabokisa
(tabokisize) to cause to ~. red. -taboka-taboka (taboka-tabokile) to go on
speak-ing nonsense, to buttonhole, to pester, to stick like glue to some-
one.
-taboka2 (tabokile) v.i. to squirt out; to spout forth (blood, etc ); to
splash up (water); to jump out (as grain when pounded)
-tabula (tabuzi) v.t. to push aside, to throw out. cf: -kasha. rel. -tabulela
(tabulezi) to ~ to: A mu tabulele kokwani yeo kwande, i ta luma banana,
put that insect out, other-wise it will sting the children caus. -tabulisa
(tabulisize) to cause to ~ ref. -itabula (itabuzi) or -itabaula (itabauzi)
to alienate people: U sike wa itabaula batufa mubili, u ta pila u nosi, do
not alienate people, otherwise you will have to live alone.
-tabulula (tabuluzi) or -tabutula (tabutuzi) v.t. to distribute, to dish out
of the pot serving large por-tions
-tabusa (tabusize) v.i. to be tasteful, to be pleasant to the taste stat. -
tabuseha (tabusehile) to be agreea-ble to the taste.
-tabutuka (tabutukile) v.i. to jabber, to ialk nonsense
-tabutula (tabutuzi) v.t. as -tabulula. -tabwantika (tabwantikile) v.i. as -
tabutuka.
-taeka (taekile) v.t. to attack from all sides: Nifumani tau i taekilwe ki
makanyani, I found a lion sur-rounded and attacked by wild dogs. fig. to
shoot embarrassing questions at an opponent.
-taela1 (taezi) or-taeta (taetite) v.t. to give a present to a dancer as a
token of satisfaction and as an en-couragement. syn. yana.
-taela2 (taezi) v.i. to become scarce; to be insufficient; to lack room:
Busunso bu lu taezi, relish is insuffi-cient for us; mali a lu taezi, we
are short of money; Batu ki ba baiiata, lu taezi mwa ndu, we lack room in
the house, for there are very many people. caus. -taelisa (taelisize) to
cause insufficiency. ref. -ltaelisa (itaelisize) to deprive oneself: U
sike wa itaelisa kwa nama, do not deprive yourself of meat.
taelo (li-) n. order, commandment: direction; rule. (from: -laela).
taezo (li-) n. farewell, farewell party (from:-laeza).
tafule (li-) n. Eng. table: ku inafa tafule, to have a meal
-tafuna (tafunile) v.t. to masticate. to chew. der. mutafuneli, katafu-neno.
fig. to calumniate: Ni ba fumani ba sweli ku nivtafuna, I found them busy
slandering me. syn. -we-wenya. rel. -tafunela (tafunezi) or-tafunena
(tafunezi) fig. to recom-mend someone to somebody: Mu-likani, u yto ni
tafanela hande ku mukuwa wa hao, mwendi u ta nifu-manela musebezi, friend,
do re-commend me to your boss, for he might have some work for me caus. -
tafunisa (tafunisize) to eat buhobe with roasted meat or fish syn. . -
shomekisa.
taha1 (li-) n. gen. n. Weaver Bird and Finch.
-taha2 (tile) v.i. to come der. tahiso. syn. -ta. rel. -tahela (tahezi) (1)
to come for: Mu taheziiii kwanu? why did you come here? (2) to happen; to
fall upon: Ni tahezwi ki baenyi, visitors have arrived at my house; Lu
tahezwi ki maswabi, we received bad news. caus. -tahisa (tahisize)
to bring: to accompany to present: Ni tahisa mutuyofa pii'a mina, I in-
troduce this man to you spec. exp: ku tahisa mazwele, to begin to show
breast~ (young girl) rel. -tahiseza (tahiselize) to cause: Bumaswe kamita
bu tahiseza mutu likozi, a man's bad behaviour always brings trouble to
himself. int. -tahelela (tahelezi) to come for good: Pula i rahelezi
cwale, now the rain has come for good. freq. -tahanga to come frequently.
ref. -ltahisa (ita-hisize) to present, to introduce oneself.
tahiso (li-) n. presentation. (from: -taha).
-tahula (tahuzi) v.t. to weed (garden). der. mutahuli, mutahulisi, sitauliso,
mutahulelo. syn. -yawela, cf. -sheula. rel. -tahulela (tahulezi) to weed
for someone. caus. -tahu-lisa (tahulisize) to help to weed, to supervise
weeding. stat. -tahuleha (tahulehile) to be able to be weeded: Mubu ha u
tahulehi hande ka baka la pula, the soil cannot be easily weeded because
of the rain int. -tahulelela (tahulelezi) to weed a whole place. red. -
tahula-tahula (tahula-tahuzi) to do a little bit of weeding ref. a) -
itahulela (itahu-lezi) to weed one's own field, b) -itahulisa
(itahulisize) to help each other in weeding.
-taimisa (taimisize) v.t. Eng. to mul-tiplv (times)
taimisi, n. Eng. multiplication
-taipa (taipile) v.t. Eng. to type. der. mutaipi, taipi, butaipi, mutaipelo.
rel. -taipela (taipezi) to type for someone. caus. -taipisa (taipisize) to
help in typing. int. -tapelela (tai-pelezi) to type all that had to be
typed. red. -taipa-taipa (taipa-tai-pile) to type for a short while, to
type slowly ref. -itaipela (itaipezi) to type one's own correspon-dence.
taipi (li-) n. Eng. typewriter. (from: taipa).
taka1 (li-) n. companion, friend~ fellow, chum, pal, contemporary; playmate,
peer, of equal age, mate.
taka2 (li ) n. iris (of eye).
taka3 (li-) n. small fishing net with small mesh.
-taka4 (takile) v.t. to tattoo (exclus-ively on the face), to make marks on
the body with lime, chalk or ochre (divination, healing ceremo-nies,
etc.). cf. -paza.
-taka5 (takile) to parry (blows). der. mutaki.
-takalala (takalalile) v.t. to give no time when exacting a fine; to be
gunning for someone.
takalezo (li-) n. wish, desire. cf. takazo. (from: -lakaza).
takalu (li-) n. ant-eater.
-takamana (takamani or takama-nine) v.i. to sit a long time in the same
place; to be stagnant (water).
-takameka (takamekile) v.t. to leave for some time a liquid (water, milk,
becr, etc.) in a container. rel. -takamekela (takamekezi) to leave
intentionally or unintentionally a liquid in a container: Kini ha u y'o ni
takamekela mezi a maswe mwa mukeke u sa a sululi? why do you leave dirty
water in the basin for me instead of pouring it out? caus. -takamekisa
(takamekisize) to cause to ~.
-takana (takani or takanile) ku takana boko to lose one's head, to become
mad. caus. -takanisa (ta-kanisize) or -takanya (takanyize) to unsettle
someone's reason, to derange someone's mind. int. -ta-kanelela
(takanelezi) to be quite mad . ref. -itakanya (itakanyize) or
- itakanyisa (itakanyisize) to drive oneself mad
takano (li-) n. race, competition. (from: -lakana)
takazo (li-) n. desire, wish; cupid-ity (from:-lakaza).
-takinya (takinyize) v.t. to eat and enjoy good food (as in a feast); to
banquet, to feast.
-takisa1 (takisize) v.t. (1) to peg a skin. (2) to crucify. der. mutakisi.
syn. -bapula. fig. to choke, to th-rottle. rel. -takiseza (takiselize) to
peg a skin for someone caus. -ta-kisisa (takisisize) to help to peg a skin
-takisa2 (takisize) v.i. (1) to jump for joy (speaking of many) (2) to make a
demonstration of joy and excitement when on the point of going to war.
taku1 (li-) n. hoof.
taku2 (li-) n. (1) one single grain (maize, millet, etc.) (2) letter of the
alphabet.
-takuha (takuhile) v.i. to become ef-faced, obliterated, deleted. erased
-takula1 (takuzi) v.t. to rub out, to erase, to efface; to cancel; to cross
out; to dust, to wipe; to wash out, to cleanse. der. mutakuli, sitaku-
liso. cf. -taula. rel. -takulela (taku-lezi) to ~ for someone: A mu ni ta-
kulele mwanana yo mamina, na ni sa patehile; wipe that child's nose
please, for I am still occupied. caus. -takulisa (takulisize) to help to
~. stat. -takuleha (takulehile) to be erasable, deletable, etc.: Mu-pende
o munde ki o sa takulehi, a good quality paint is one which does not fade.
int. -takulelela (ta-kulelezi) to wipe the lot. ref. -lta-kula (itakuzi)
to wipe oneself: Mwan'a ka, si lili, itakule mioko; do not weep my child,
dry your tears
-takula2 (takuzi) v.t. to beat the national drums. syn. -fulumuna. cf. -
liza.
takwa (takilwe) v.i. Sotho. to get drunk, intoxicated. der. sitakwa syn. -
kolwa.
tala1, adj. green. spec. exp. Ku li tala ' everything is grcen, it is green
everywhere!
tala2 (li-) n. Eng. tar.
tala3 (li- or ma-) n. hunger, famine
-tala4 (tezi) v.i. to become full; to abound; to be complete: Nuka i se i
tezi, the river is already full; Ku tezi batu, there is a crowd of people;
Batu se ba tezi, ku likani, the number of people is sufficient now.
-talala (talalile) v.i. to pass alone at a distance. rel. -talalela
(talalezi) to ~ towards. caus. -talalisa (tala-lisize) to cause to ~.
talani, adj. unripe (kaffir corn): Mabele a sa li talani, the kaffir corn is
not ripe yet. -taleka (talekile) v.t. Luyana. to present someone to the
Litunga.
-talelana (taleani) v.i. to be full to the rim. fig. exp. ku talelana p‘lu.
to have more than enough; ku tale-lana mali, to suffer from bleeding
(afterbirth-haemorrhage).
taleho, n. puberty (giris) (from: -ita-leha) .
talenta (li-) n. Eng. talent (biblical) special aptitude, etc.
tali (li-) n. skin or cloth used to carry a child on the back. idiom. exp:
Mwanana ya sa lili u shwela mwa tali, you can get nothing with-out asking
(lit. a child who does not cry dies in the skin); Mutu h'a lileli tali ye
sika mu pepa, nobody cares about someone he is not in-debted to.
-talifa (talifile) v.i. to become wise, intelligent, clever; to become ex-
perienced. der. mutalifi, sitalifie talifo, butali, butalifi. rel. -
talifela (talifezi) (1) to become watchful: Se ni mu talifezi, ni ka mu
swala; I have been watching him carefully, so I shall catch him (2) to
learn from: Na ni talifezifa ku natiwanga, I owe my skill to having been
caned quite often. (3) to cheat: caus. -talifisa (talifisize) to edu-cate,
to show good ways of living ref. -italifisa (italifisize) to look after
one's own education: Na ni italif size ka ku zamaya mwa mafasi a manata,
it is by travelling through many countries that I have obtained
experience, to pre-tend to be clever: U italifsa feela hakuna sa ziba he
pretends to be clever but he knows nothing.
talifo, n. wisdom, intelligence, thinking power, brains; awareness,
experience. (from: -talifa)
-talima (talimile) v.t. to look, to look at; to examine, to inspect. der.
talimeho, mutalimelo, talimelo. cf: -bona, -tatuba. rel. -talimela (ta-
limezi) to look attentively, to wait for, to expect: Ni mu talimezi la
mabani, kono h'a sikaf ta, I was ex-pecting him yesterday~ but he did not
arrive. caus. -talimisa (talimi-size) to show, to indicate. stat. -ta-
limeha (talimehile) to appear, to seem: Kacenu ku talimeha kuli pula i ta
ba teni, it appears that it will rain today. int. -talimelela (talimelezi)
or -talimisisa (talimisisize) to look very attentively. rec. -talimana
(ta-limani or talimanga to ~ fre-quently. red. -talima-talima (talima-
talimile) to glance at. ref. a) -ita-lima (italimile) to look at oneself;
to examine one's conscience; to look at each other; b)-italimisa
(italimisize) to direct one's look in a certain direction: Yela, lumela,
kini ha u italimisa kuxili ha u ni bona? hey! good morning, why do you
turn your head, pretending not to sce me?
talimeho, n. appearance (from: -talima).
talimelo, n. expectation (from: -talima).
-talinga (talingile) v.t. to tie firmly. der. mutalingelo. syn. -tama. rel. -
talingela (talingezi) to ~ for some-one. caus. -talingisa (talingisize) to
 help to ~. int. -talingelela (talinge-lezi) to tie very firmly; to tie
com-pletely.
-taliya (taliile) v.t. to add too much water to relish when cooking it.
talu, adj. three: linaleli ze talu, thrce stars; mandu a malalu, thrce
houses.
-taluhanya (taluhanyize) v.t. to dis-tinguish, to separate, to classify to
explain, to expound. der. mutalu-hanyi, taluhanyo. cf. -talusa. rel. -
taluhanyeza (taluhanyelize) to ex-plain to someone. int. -taluhanye-leza
(taluhanyelelize) to explain fully leaving nothing in the dark. rec. -
taluhana (taluhani) to differ: Luna batu lu taluhana ka mikwa ya luna, we
all differ in customs and habits. or we have individual dif-ferences
taluhanyo (li-) n. distinction; classi-fication. (from: -taluhanya).
-taluka (talukile) v.i. to be clear, sharp (voice) fig. exp: Mutu yo u ta-
lukile hahulu mwa hanu, this man knows how to bluff people.
-talula (taluzi) v.t. to spoil some-one's property by robbery, to de-prive
der. matalu, linalu. rel. -talu-lela (talulezi) to wrong someone by
stealing from one of his relatives: Ba ni talulezi mwan'a ka ka ku mu
uzweza, they stole my child's goods int. -talulelela (talulelezi) to spoil
everything by robbery. ref.- italula (italuzi) to spoil one's own
affairs: U italuzi i li yena ka ku ipu-laela mwan'a hae, he brought about
his own misfortune by kill-ing his child
-talungusha (talungushize) v.i. see: -tolongosha.
-talusa (talusize) v.t. to explain, to describe, to define. to detail, to
relate, to interpret. der. mutalusi, taluso, mutalusezo. cf. -toloka. rel.
-taluseza (taluselize) to ~ to some-one. int. -taluseleza (taluselelize)
to ~ fully. freq. -talusanga to ~ fre-quently: U sike wa no talusanga z'o
sa zibi hande, do not try to explain things which you do not know well.
ref. -ltalusa (italusize) to be evident, obvious manifest, unmis-takable,
clear, piain: Taba ye i ita-lusa ili p~ona, this case is self-evi-dent or
obvious.
taluso (li-) n. explanation; exposi-tion, commentary. (from: -talusa).
-tama (tamile) v.t. to tie, to bind, to tighten. der. mutami, sitamiso, mu-
tamululi, tamiso, tamo, mutamelo, buitamo, tamano. syn. -manga, -ta-linga,
cf. -bofa. fig. to accuse; to imprison. rel. -tamela (tamezi) to tie for
someone. caus. -tamisa (ta-misize) to help to tie. fig. to cause someone's
arrest U mu tamisEze ka ku mu toya, he caused his arrest be-cause he hates
him. stat. -tameha (tamehile) to be tied; to be bound to do something: Ni
tamehile kufe-leleza musebezi wa ka kacenu, I must finish my work today.
int. -ta-melela (tamelezi) to tie the lot. fig. to force someone to stay
where he does not like. syn. -bambelela. rec. -tamana (tamani) fig. to
accuse each other. freq. -tamanga or -tamaka (tamakile) to have the habit
of tying; to tie in different places. fig. to be inclined to
accuse falsely. inv. a) -tamuluha (tamulu-hile) to come undone,
unfastened, untied, loose; to give birth (woman). b) -tamulula (tamuluzi)
to untie. fig. to set free. red. -tama-tama (tama-tamile) to tie quickly,
roughly. ref. -ltama (itamile) to tie up, to put a bandage on one's wound.
fig. to promise, to make an oath, to swear: Ni itama kuli ha ni sa tola ni
uzwa hape, I solemnly promise never to steal again.
tamaha, adj. roan colour (male); (with reference to female tamahana).
-tamalala (tamalalile) or -tatamala (tatamalile) v.i. to defend a case with
strong arguments. caus. -ta-malalisa (tamalalisize) to cause to ~. ref. -
itamalalisa (itamalalisize) to show stubbornness.
tamano (li-) n. reciprocal accusation. (from: -tama).
-tamba1 (tambile) r.t. Luyana. to buy a witchcraft medicine in order to
obtain supernatural power. der. mutambisi, sitambiso, tambisano. rel. -
tambela (tambezi) to kill someone in order to give power to a medicine
bought from a witch- doctor. (see: -pumela). caus. -tam-bisa (tambisize)
 to sell medicines to enable someone to become a witch. re. -tambisana
(tambisani) to exchange witchcraft medicines. ref. -itambisa (itambisize)
as rec.
-tamba2 (tambile) v.i. to be very tired, exhausted. der. matambisa. syn. -
bomba, -topwela, -katala. caus. -tambisa (tambisize) to cause tiredness,
exhaustion. fig. to tame: Ni ta ku tambisa haiba u sa utwi ze ni bulela, I
will tame you if you won't listen to me. rec. -tambisana (tambisani) to
fight until ex-- hausted. ref. -itambisa (itambisize) as rec.

-tambala (tambalile) v. i. to take a short walk. rel. -tambalela (tamba-lezi)

to ~ to. caus. -tambalisa (tam-balisize) to accompany someone taking a
walk. red. -tambalala-tam-balala (tambalala-tambalalile) to take a few
steps.
tambani (li-) n. house-tick. fig. a persistent beggar.
-tambeka (tambekile) v.t. to hold out something; to give. der. mu-tambeki.
rel. -tambekela (tambe-kezi) to ~ to or for someone: Mu ni tambekele yena
mukeke wo, pass on to him that plate for me.
-tambikela (tambikezi) v.t. (1) to throw for. (2) to call people who are far
away.
-tambiketa ( tambiketile ) v. i. as -tambeka.
-tamboka1 ( tambokile ) v. i. to walk majestically, to strut.
-tamboka2 (tambokile) v.i. to toddle, to totter (child). syn. -tambuka. caus.
-tambokisa (tambokisize) to teach a little child to walk. ref. -tambokisa
(itambokisize) to make one's first steps: Mwanana s'a kona ku itambokisa
cwale, the child is al-ready able to toddle alone now.
-tambokisa (tambokisize) or -tam-bosa (tambosize) v.t. to beat the drums when
the Litunga goes to the Kuta on special occasions.
-tambuka (tambukile) v.i. to make one's very first stops (child). syn. -
tamboka ref.
-tambula (tambuzi) v.t. Luyana. to receive (mostly from the Litunga). rel. -
tambulela (tambulezi) to re-ceive a gift from the Litunga on someone's
behalf. caus. -tambulisa (tambulisize) to hand over to someone a present
from the Li-tunga.
-tambwa (tambwile) v.i. to speak os-tentatiously. syn. -yenanga. der.
mu- tambwi, mutambwelo. rel. -tamb-wela (tambwezi) to ~ somewhere. caus.
-tamwisa (tambwisize) to cause to ~.
-tameleza (tamelelize) v.t. to accuse falsely. der. mutamelezi. syn. -njanga,
-tamiliketa, -tamilikeza.
tamelezo (li-) n. false accusation. (from: -tameleza). syn. tamilikezo.
-tamiliketa (tamiliketile) v.t. as -ta-meleza.
-tamilikeza (tamilikelize) v.t. as -ta-meleza.
tamilikezo (li-) n. false accusation (from: -tamilikeza) syn. tamelezo.
tamiso (li- or ma-) n. anything used for tying. (from: -tama)
amo (li-) n. tie, bond. fig. accusa-tion. (from: -tama)
-tamuka (tamukile) v.i. to start rain-ing. cf. -lota. rel. -tamukela (tamu-
kezi) to rain (the first drops): Pula i ni tamukezi, I felt the first
drops of rain. freq. -tamauka (tamaukile) or -tamoka (tamokile) to start
raining in big drops. fig. to speak illogi-cally; to speak nonsense,
incoher-ent things; to tell cock and bull stories. rel. -tamokela
(tamokezi) to tell someone incoherent stories. caus. -tamokisa
(tamokisize) to cause someone to speak incoher-ently.
-tampakana (tampakani) v.i. to be full of dirt, of filth. flg. to be an evil-
doer, to have a dark soul.
-tamuluha (tamuluhile) v.i. see: -tama.
-tamulula (tamuluzi) v.t. see: -tema. -tamuna (tamuzi) v.t. to eat the first
fruits; to enjoy the first products of a new crop. der. katamu. syn. -
 oloka. caus. -tamunisa (tamunisize) to share out the first fruits of the
scason
-tana1 (tanile) v.t. to kill in great numbers: Pula i til'o tana
mulaka kaufela, lightning killed all the cattle in the kraal.
-tana2 (tanile) v.i. to jump from one stone, etc. to another; to walk on a
bridge made of rough poles. der. mutano, syn. shatoka. fig. to change work
all the time.
-tanakana (tanakani or tanakanile) v.i. to sleep closely to each other; to
lie in disorder (goods, etc.).
-tanala (tanezi or tanalile) v.t. to beat, to strike; to thresh corn; to kill
in great numbers (fish, game, birds, etc.) der. mutanali. syn. -pula. rel.
-tanalela (tanalezi) to ~ for someone. caus. tanalisa (tanalisize) to help
to ~. int. -tanalelela (tanalelezi) to complete corn th-reshing. red. -
tanala-tanala (tanala--tanalile) to thresh corn for a short while. ref. -
itanalela (itanalezi) to thresh corn for oneself.
-tanamana (tanamani or tanamanile) v.i. to be shallow; to have no depth
(canoe, wooden dish, etc.) der. lutana.
-tanda1 (tandile) v.t. to throw a bulb used as a ball in the tindi or cileke
game. der. mutandi, sitandiso, mu-tandelo. fig. to annoy, to torment, to
tease (of many against one). rel. -tandela (tandezi) to go to a certain
place to play cileke. caus. -tandisa (tandisize) to join people playing
cileke game; to supervise the game.
-tanda2 (tandile) v.i. to spend time: ku tanda sunda matu a sa ci, to spend a
whole week without eating. cf. -tola.
-tandabala (tandabalile) v.t. to stretch out (the legs). syn. -tandala -
namalala. rel. -tandabalela (tanda-balezi) to ~ in a certain direction.
caus. -tandabalisa (tandabalisize) to cause to ~.
-tandala (tandalalile) v.i. to be
stretched out (the legs) syn. -tanda-bala, -namalala. rel. -tandalela
(tandalezi) to ~ in a certain direc-tion. caus. -tandalisa (tandalisize)
to cause to ~.
-tandalelwa (tandalezwi ) v.i. to be happy after finding an unexpected thing,
to have the good fbrtune of finding an unexpected thing: Kacenu ni
tandalezwi ku fumana nama, today I had the good for-tune of finding some
meat.
-tandana (tandani or tandanile) v.i. to writhe in pain; to be in agony, to be
in a death struggle. cf. -tand-ela. caus. -tandanisa (tandanisize) fig. to
hold someone very strongly against his will ref. -ltandanisa
(itandanisize) to feign agonizing pain; fig. to fight.
-tandela (tandezi) v.i. to breathe one's last. cf. -tandana.
tanga1 (li- or ma-) n. Eng. water tank.
-tanga2 (tangile) v.t. Luyana. to be the first to do something; to start; to
influence der. mutangi, mu-tango, notanga. syn. -kala, -tateka.
-tangaela (tangaezi) v.i. to walk as a very weak person. der. mutangaeli,
mutangaelisi. cf. -tanga-tanga. rel. -tangaelela (tangaelezi) to walk
somewhere with difficulty due to illness. caus. -tangaelisa (tangaeli-
size) to cause to ~. ref. -itangaelisa (itangaelisize) to try to walk al-
though having great difficulty.
-tangalala (tangalalile) v.i. to be very happy, glad, joyful. syn. -nya-
kalala, -taba' -wabelwa. rel. -tan-galalela (tangalalezi) to enjoy
somothing: Ba tangalalezi–i cwalo? why are they so merry? caus. -tan-
galalisa (tangalalisize) to cause joy, happiness.
-tangamana (tangamani) v.i. to be not easily pleased or satisfied: Musali wa
teni h 'a itumeli, u li ka mu ezeza se ni se, yena u li Mawe, ku tangamana
kabe ki sa kulikuli!" oh! that woman is never grateful, and always says:
if I had this and that, when ever you try to please her!
tangana, n. col. n. young men: tan-gana ya Kambule, the young men of Kambule.
cf. sizana.
-tanganya (tanganyize)v.i. to be mad (speaking of a dog) der. mu-tanganyo.
syn. -pulumuka, -tanya. caus. -tanganyisa (tanganyisize) to cause canine
madness. ref. -itanga-nyisa (itanganyisize) fig. to drive oneself mad.
-tanga-tanga (tanga-tangile) v.i. to t lose one's balance, to reel. syn. ->-
tantalika. rel. -tanga-tangela tD (tanga-tangezi) to ~ to: Zamaya, u 6~,
y'o tanga-tangela koo, u ka ni wela; go and reel somewhere else or you
will fall on me. caus. -tanga-tangisa (tanga-tangisize) to cause to ~; to
accompany someone walking with difficulty. cf. -tangaelisa. ref. -itanga-
tangisa (itanga-tangisize) to pretend to be drunk (in order to make people
laugh).
-tangeta (tˆngetite) v.t. to send ahead. der. mutangeti. rel. -tan-getela
(tana.etezi) to ~ for some-one. caus. -tangetisa (tangetisize) to help to
~. ref. -ltangeta (itangetite) to go ahead.
-tanguka (tangukile) v.i. to stand erect, motionless, watching.
-tangukwa (tangukilwe) v.i. to start to be ill.
-tanguta (tangutile) v.t. to narrate or relate tales of olden times, folk
tales, etc. der. mutanguti, litangu. cf. -shitanguta. rel. -tangutela
(tangutezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -tangutisa (tangutisize) to join
someone, helping him to relate old tales.

-taniketa (taniketite) v.t. to foretell to someone events that are going to

happen in his life (mostly acci-dents or death). cf. -sinula rel. -tan-
iketela (taniketezi) to offend some-one by forecasting difficult future to
one of his relatives: U sike wa ni taniketela mwanahesu ku shwa, do not
forecast the death of my brother. ref. -itaniketa (itaniketite) to
forecast hardship about one's own future.
-tanikeza (tanikelize) v.t. as: -tani-keta.
-tanta (tantile) v.t. to mistake some-one for somebody else.
-tantalika (tantalikile) v.i. to stag-ger, to lurch along; to lose one's
balance. der. mutantaliki, syn. -tanga-tanga. rel. -tantalikela (tan-
talikezi) to ~ to. caus. -tantalikisa (tantalikisize) to cause to ~; to
ac-company someone walking with difficulty. ref. -itantalikisa (itantali-
kisize) to simulate drunkenness (in order to make people laugh).
-tantauka (tantaukile) v.t. to eat greedily without care for others. int. -
tantaukelela (tantaukelezi) to eat all the food greedily.
-tanuhela (tanuhezi) v.t. to turn against someone, to turn away from someone.
syn. -fetuhela, -kwenuhela. rec. -tanuhelana (tanu-helani) to turn against
each other: Se ba tanuhelani, ha ba sa utwana; there is no longer a good
under-standing between them, they have turned against each other. ref. -
lta-nuhela (itanuhezi) as rec.
-tanula (tanuzi) v.t. (1) to live ac-cording to a marital agreement
(polygamy) to move from one wife's house to another's in turn (2) to pull
a canoe over an obstacle from one pool to another when fishing. fig. to go
from one pool to another (crocodile). der. mutanulelo.
tanumuna (tanumuzi) v.i. to dig up roots of mituga trees in order to peel
them and set mashandi.
-tanutuka (tanutukile) v.t. to go from one house to another or from one yard
to another: Mwanana u maswe ka tanutuka malapa mwa hae, it is a bad habit
for a child to go from one house to another in the village (in search of
food). caus. -tanutukisa (tanutukisize) to cause to ~.
tanya (tanyize) v.i. to show signs of ill, to be completely insane. der. li-
tanya, butanya. syn. -pulumuka. caus. -tanyisa (tanyisize) to cause
madness. ref. -itanyisa (itanyisize) to act as though completely mad; to
be in a raving mad temper.
 -tanya2 (tanyize) v.i. to show signs of weakness, of bad health (face,
hair, etc.) caus. -tanyisa (tanyisize) to cause to ~.
-tapa1 (tapile) v.i. to wash: ka tapafa mubili, to wash one's body; to
bathe, to swim. spec. exp. ka tˆpa silozi, to swim. der. mutapisi, sita-
pelo, mutapelo. cf. -yowana. rel. -tapela (tapezi) (1) to swim towards:
ika tapela mwabuse bwa nuka, to swim to the other bank of the river; (2)
to use someone's water in washing: Ki ma–i ya ni tapezi mezi a ka? who
used the water I had prepared? caus. -tapisa (tapi-- size) to wash, to
cleanse; to help to swim, to make swim: ka tapisa likomu, to take cattle
across a river (see: -tapisa:). freq. -tapanga to ~ frequently. red. -
tapa-tapa (tapa-tapile) to wash lightly; to bathe for a little while.
ref. -itapisa (itapisize) to wash oneself.
-tapa2 (tapile) v.i. to become tame, easy to manage; to be trained. tapisa
(tapisize) to tame (see: -tapisa). inv. -tapuluha (tapuluhile) to go back
to wild habits.
-tapala (tapalile) v.i. to be impu-dent, insolent, impertinent. rel. -
tapalela (tapalezi) to be disrespect-ful to someone. caus. -tapalisa (ta-
palisize) to cause impertinence: Mwanana yo sesi mu tapalisa cwana, ki
kuli pElu ya hae i keluhile; this child has an unhinged mind, this is the
reason for his impertinence.
-tapanya (tapanyize) v.i. Sotho. to swear, to declare on oath: Ni tapa-nya pa
pEl 'a Maxima kuli ha si na ya uzwize Mali, I swear before God that I did
not steal the money. syn. -konka. -shanjala.
tapelo (li-) n. prayer, intercession, supplication. (from: -lapels).
tapi (li-) n. gen. n.) fish.
-tapisa1 (tapisize) v.t. to wash, to cleanse; to help to swim (see: -tapa1).
der. mutapisi, mutapisezo. rel. -tapiseza (tapiselize) to ~ for someone.
caus. -tapisisa (tapisisize) to help to ~. int. -tapiseleza (tapi-
selelize) to ~ thoroughly. freq. -ta-pisanga to make a habit of wash-ing.
red. -tapisa-tapisa (tapisa-tapi-size) to do a little bit of washing. ref.
-ltapisa (itapisize) to wash one-self.
-tapisa2 (tapisize) v.t. to tame; to train, to enforce discipline. der.
mutapisi, mutapisezo. (see: -tapa1¼ rel. -tapiseza (tapiselize) to ~ for
someone. caus. -tapisisa (tapisisize) to help to ~. int. -tapiseleza
(tapi-selelize) to tame all (of). rec. -tapi-sana (tapisani) fig. to
subdue, to master each other. syn. -nyukana. freq. -tapisanga to tame
animals frequently. ref. -itapiseza (itapise-lize) to tame for oneself.
tapo (li-) n. bead-necklace.
-tapuha1 (tapuhile) v.i. to be thin. syn. ota.
-tapuha2 (tapuhile) v.i. to lose savour, to become insipid. syn. -sampuka, -
amuba.
-tapula1 (tapuzi) v.t. to make taste-less, insipid. rel. -tapulela (tapulezi)
to ~ for someone: U ni tapulezi bu-sunso bwa ka, ha be sa na munati my
relish lost its savour, for you put too much water in it.
-tapula2 (tapuzi) v.t. to insult, to curse. der. Iitapa. syn. -lwaha. -sho-
bola. rel. -tapulela (tapulezi) to offend someone by insulting a third
person. freq. -tapaula (ta-pauzi) to insult much, to use abu-sive
language. rec. -tapaulana (ta-paulani) to insult each other. ref. -
itapaula (itapauzi) as rec.
-tapula3 (tapuzi) v.t. to untie hunting dogs and send them after game; to
urge forward (cattle).
-tapuluha ( tapuluhile ) v. i. to pass water, to urinate. syn. -luta. sulula
* mezi. rel. -tapuluhela (tapuluhezi) [ to urinate somewhere. caus. -tapu-
[ luhisa (tapuluhisize) to help (a i child or a sick person) to pass I
water.
|-tapwama (tapwami) v.t. to tread in mud, dung, etc.
-tapwanga (tapwangile) v.i. to walk a in muddy, watery places.
-tapweka (tapweile) v.t. to throw mud on an object, to dirty. freq. -
tapwateka (tapwatekile) to bes-mear.
tapwi! ideoph. (se li ~!) refers to any object falling in water. syn. cupwi!
tupwi!
-tapwikela (tapwikezi) v.i. to disap-pear under the surface of water cf. -
ndumwi kela. cuas. -tapwikel isa (tapwikelisize) to cause to ~. int. -
tapwikelela (tapwikelezi) to disap-pear in a certain place under the
surface of water.

-tapwita (tapwitile) v.i. & v.t. to splash about, to tumble in the water; to
bob on the water (ducks) to agitate water: Banana mu si ke mwa tapwita
mezi ao, hakuna ya ka y'o a ka hape; chil-dren don't splash all that water
out for nobody is going to draw any more.
-tasa (tasize) v.i. to be new (moon): Kweli i tasize, it is the new moon.
rel. -taseza (taselize) to appear to someone (speaking of the moon): Kweli
i lo taselize kwa Lealui, we observed the new moon when we were at Lealui.
-tasambwa (tasambwile) v.i. to speak ostentatiously der. Iita-sambwa,
litambwa, malasambwa. syn. -tambwa, -tasanga. cf. -ye-nanga. rel. -
tasambwela (tasamb-wezi) to ~ somewhere. caus. -ta-sambwisa (tasambwisize)
to cause to ~
-tasanga (tasangile) v.i. as -ta-sambwa.
-taseza (taselize) v.t. to scold, to abuse, to slang someone. syn. -omanya, -
kalimela, halifela.
tasi1 adv. down, under, below: Butuku bwa hae bu se be li kwa tasi hahulu,
mane h'a sa kona ni ka bulela; he is in a very serious con-dition, and he
cannot even speak any more; sintolo sa ka se si ya hahulu kwa task the
business in my store is going down and down.
tasi2 prep. (kwa ~ a; mwa ~ a) down, under, underneath, below: Ni boni nova
kwa tas'a likota (kwa tasi a likora) I saw a snake under the trees.
-tasuka (tasukile) v.i. to gush forth, to spout out, to squirt out (water) to
spurt (blood); to fly (spark) fig. to burst out in speaking. rel. -tasu-
kela (tasukezi) to ~ towards. fig. to burst out against someone caus. -
tasukisa (tasukisize) to cause to ~ fig. to cause to burst out in speak-
ing freq. -tasauka (tasaukile) to spurt in one continuous streak fig. to
burst out angrily. ref. -itasukela (itasukezi) fig. to scold each other
tata1, adj. difficult hard, tough: kota ye tata, a hard wood; nzila ye tata,
a difficult road; bupElo bo bu tata, a hard life; musebezi o tata, a tough
work
tata2, adv. (ka ~) strongly, vigo-rously, firmly with difficulty, not easily:
Busunso bufumanwafela ka tata, relish can only be found with great
difficulty
-tata3 (tatile) v.t. to wind (string, rope, etc.); to curl (hair etc.); to
twist (as mashandi roots or fibre to make a rope) der. mutati mutatelo,
sitatiso, cf. -bonda. rel. -tatela (tatezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -
tatisa (tatisize) to help to ~ stat. -tateha (tatehile) to be easily
twista-ble rec. -tatana (tatani) to become mixed up, entangled (wire,
rope, etc ) inv. -tatulula (tatuluzi) to untwist, to unwind, etc. (see: -
tatu-lula). ref. -itata (itatile) to curl each other's hair
-tatafala (tatafalile or tatafezi) v.i. to become difficult, to become hard
to convince: Taha ya hae i ne i tatafezi hahulu kwa makalelo, his case had
been very difficult at the beginning; U tatafalafela, ki wena sifosi; you
resist without reason, you are guilty. rel. -tatafalela (tata-falezi) (1)
to become difficult at a particular point: Taba ya mina i ta-tafalelafa
bupaki bwa buhata, your case becomes difficult where false evidence comes
in; (2) to harden one's feclings against someone: U ni tatafalela fela,
hakuna se ni kufo-selize; you are hardening your feelings against me for
no reason, I did not wrong you caus. -tatafalisa (tatafalisize) or-
 tatafaza (tatafa: lize) to harden, to influence some-one so that he
becomes hard to convince (see:-tatafaza)
-tatafaza (tatafalize) v.t. qual to harden, to make difficult der. mu-
tatafazi. relt -tatafaleza- (tatafale-lize) to ~ for (against) someone
caus. -tatafalisa (tatafalisize) to cause difficulty. freq. -tatafazanga
to be inclined to make things diffi-cult ref. -itatafaza (itatafalize) or
itatafalisa (itatafalieize) to harden one's feelings; to resist stubbornly
-tatahana (tatahani) v.i. (1) to be superimposed, doubled (blankets, etc )
(2) to come one after the other to follow in succession (peopie, letters,
etc.)
-tatahanya (tatahanyize) v.t. to double (clothes, blankets, etc.); to put one
upon the other.
-tatalana (tatalani) or -tatalakana (tatalakani) v.i. to crackle (fire), to
crackle when being roasted (maize, etc ) fig. to speak angrily. rel. -ta-
talanela (tatalanezi) fig. to speak very angrily to someone caus. -ta-
talanisa (tatalanisize) or-tatalaka-nisa (tatalakanisize) to cause (fire)
to crackle; to cause (maize) to pop by roasting too close to hot ashes
fig. to provoke someone's angrily-spoken reaction freq. -tatalaka-nanga
fig. to be inclined to speak angrily
-tatama (tatami or tatamile) v.t. (1) to follow; to be second to some-one.
(2) to chase Ba tatami lisholi, they chased the thief syn. -landa-meka, -
shenja, matisa. cf. -latelela. rel. -tatamela (tatamezi) to chase for
someone caus. -tatamisa (tata-rnisize) to help to chase, rec. -tata-mana
(tatamani) to follow each other, to succced each other. syn. -tomahana.
-tatamala (tatamalile) v.i. as -tama-lala.
-tatana (tatani) v.i. to wreathe (of smoke, etc), to twine, to be inter-laced
(of ribbons, etc ); to be in-terwoven (of threads, etc.)
-tatauka (tataukile) or -tatoka (tato-kile) v.i. to speak very angrily for a
long time. der. mutataukelo. syn. -omana, -lokota. rel. -tataukela (ta-
taukezi) to scold someone for a definite reason. caus. -tataukisa
(tataukisize) to cause to ~. ref.-itataukisa (itataukisize) to scold each
other very angrily.
-tataula (tatauzi) to demolish; to tear to rend (garment etc ) der.
matatauli. cf. -yahulula -lutulula. fig. to tear to pieces, to devour (as
a lion with its prey) rel. -tataulela (tataulezi) to pull down a house for
someone. caus. -tataulisa (tatauli-size) to help to demolish. int. -ta-
taulelela (tataulelezi) to demolish completely. syn. -kukisa, -apea, rel.
-tatehela (tatehezi) to ~ for some-one. caus. -tatehisa (tatehisize) to
help to ~. to supervise cooking. int. -tatehelela (tatehelezi) to ~
everything freq. -tatehanga to be accustomed to cook, to be used to
cooking: Mu no tatehanga lico ze nde, do try always to cook good food ref.
-itatehela (itatehezi) to cook for oneself
-tateka (tatekile) v.t. to start, to begin (manual work, dance, etc.): S'a
tatekile ku luka museme wa ka, he has already started to make my mat der.
mutateki, matatekelof syn. -kala. cf. -ungeka. rel. -tatekela (tatekezi)
to ~ for someone
-tatela (tatezi) v.t. to load a gun der. mutateli, mutatelo. fig. to be very
angry: Kacenu u tatezi. h'a pu- nyiwi mwa pata; today he is very cross,
people fear to look at him. rel. -tatelela (tatelezi) to ~ for someone; to
~ with a definite in-tention N'a mu tatelezi tobolo kuli a mu bulaye, he
had loaded his gun with the intention of killing him caus. -tatelisa
(tatelisize) to cause to ~
-tateza (tatelize) v.i. & v.t. to roll something round with a rope, to coil,
to wind, to roll (snake): Mabani, noZa i ni tatelize kwa mautu, kono ha i
sika ni luma; a snake wound round my fect yesterday, but it did not bite
me ref. -itateza (itatelize) to wind, to roll itself (snake)
tato, n. will, determination, resolu-tion, intention; desire, self-will from:
-lata)
-tatoka (tatokile) v.i. see: -tatauka.
tatu (li-) n. medicine protecting against any kind of harm (witch-craft) syn.
nkau.
-tatuba (tdubile) v.t. to examine, inspect or survey (officially). der.
mutatubi, tatubo, mutatubelo. cf. -nyaka, -talima. rel. -tatubela (tatu-
bezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -ta-tubisa (tatubisize) to help to ~. int. -
tatubelela (tatubelezi) to examine thoroughly (all the school chil-dren,
all the works. etc.) rec. -ita-tuba (itatubile) to examine oneself, to
examine one's conscience.
tatubo (li-) n. examination, inspec-tion (tatubonyana, test). (from: -
tatuba).
-tatuha (tatuhile) v.i. (rare) to get out of water; to leave the flooded
plain. syn. -omboka.
-tatula (tatuzi) v.t. to start hoeing, cultivating. der. mutatuli. rel. -
tatu-lela (tatulezi) to ~ for someone caus. -tatullsa (tatulbize) to help
to ~.

tatuluha ( tatuluhile ) v. i. to be c ome unwound (string, rope, etc.), un-

curled (hair, etc ), untwisted (ma-shandi roots, etc) fig. to regain one's
good temper int. -tatuluhe-lela (tatuluhelezi) to become fully untwisted
fig. to cool down com-pletely
-tatulula (tatuluzi) v.t. to unwind (string, rope, etc ), to uncurl (hair,
etc.), to untwist cf. -tamulula. rel. -tatululela (tatululezi) to ~ for
someone. caus. -tatululisa (tatululi-size) to help to ~.
-tatulusa (tatulusize) v.i. to be the first to catch a fish in a fishing
party, or to kill an animal in a hunting party
tau (li-) n. Iion syn. inambso. cf. munumba. fig. a greedy person.
taula1 (li-) n. divining object (see: li-taula) (from: -laula)
-taula2 (tauzi) v.t. Eng. to towel, to wipe (with a towel, an handker-chief,
a duster, etc.) der. taulo, si-tauliso. cf. -takula. rel. -taulela
(taulezi) to wipe for. caus. -taulisa (taulisize) to help to ~. int. -
taule-lela (taulelezi) to ~ completely ref. -ltaula (itauzi) to dry
oneself (with a towel)
taulo (li- or ma-) n. Eng. towel, any-thing used for wiping; handker-chief;
woman's head-dress (from: -taula)
tauni or taundi (li- or ma-) n. Eng. town, city.
taya (li- or ma-) n. Eng. tyre.
-taza1 (tazize) v.i. to vomit, to belch. der. mataza, lutazo, mutazezo. rel.
-tazeza (tazelize) to ~ in or upon; to feed (of birds): Linyunywani li ta-
zezanga bana ba zona lico, birds feed their young by dropping food down
their throats. caus. -tazisa (tazisize) to cause to ~. fig. to make
someone give up some evil habit idiom: exp: Na ni ta ku tazisa mukwa wa
hao wo mane u taze ni linkau z'o mEzize zŽ ku pulumuna; I will make you
get rid of your evil habits as well as your madness caused by witchcraft
medicines!
-taza2 (tazize) v.t. to fill up rel. -tazeza (tazelize) to ~ for someone int.
-tazeleza (tazelelize) to ~ com-pletely.
-tea1 (teile) v.i. to go to toilet (a child).
-tea2 (teile) v.t. to set a trap; to lay a bow-net. der. mutei, siteo,
siteiso, muteelo. fig. to betray rel. -teela (teezi) to ~ for someone
caus. -teisa (teisize) to help to ~. int. -tee-lela (teelezi) to set all
traps; to lay all bow-nets. inv. -teulula (teuluzi) to take out of a snare
a trapped bird or animal, etc. ref. -iteela (iteezi) to ~ for oneself.
-tea3 (teile) v.t. to bow down: Ni til'o tea tohofafasi ku mu–'a ka, I came
to pay my respects to my Lord.
-tea4 (teile) v.t. to stretch out one's hands in order to receive some-thing.
-tea-tea1 (tea-teile) v.i. (women) to show joy by dancing before the Li-
tunga.
-tea-tea2 (tea-teile) v.i. to be about to set (speaking of the sun) cf. -
pazula, likela.
tebe (li-) n. shield (war shield) fig. protector.
-tebeta1 (tebetile) v.t. to slander, to denigrate, to calumniate. syn. -seba,
-sawana, -ungwatala, mun-jula.
-tebeta2 (tebetile) v.i. Luyana. to emit wind (fart). der. mitebe.
tebuho' n. Sotho gratitude, thank-fuiness (from: lebuha).
-tebuka (tebukDe) v.i. (1) to hang down (lower lip on account of old age) (2)
to lean (wall, hut, etc.) syn. -pwecuka. fig. to sit idly, lazily,
slothfully. caus. -tebukisa (tebuki-size) to cause to ~
-tebula (tebuzi) v.t. to curl up one's lip as a sign of dissatisfaction: U
sike wa tebula mulomo, ni wena ni ku Sile sina ba ba–wi, do not show
dissatisfaction (by curling up lips), for I have given you what I gave to
others caus. -tebulisa (tebulisize) to cause to ~.
tee! interj. expressing bursting idiom. exp: U li tee, u pazuhe fahali ike
biemba bya Nalikwanda! may you be struck dead and shatter into a thousand
pieces! (lit: burst asunder like fragments of the Na-likwanda).
-teeba (teebile) v.i. Luyana. to be lucky, fortunate blessed.
-teeka (teekile) v t. (1) to take care of, to look after (a child or a weak
person); to provide for: Kamita mu no teeka banana ha mu ca lico, do
always provide for the children when you are eating food; (2) to paddle
alongside the river bank (in order to ensure protection). cf. -kengeka.
rel. -teekela (teekezi) to take care of someone on behalf of a third
person
teeta! interj. expressing surprise of fear idiom. exp: Teeta, lu ka sabela
kai, ki kale a li shelula! gosh ! where shall we escape to, for we are al-
ready involved in his case
-teeleza (teelelize) v.t. to listen to at-tentively, to hearken to, to give
heed to- to understand: KauSela lu teelelize s'o si bulela, we all under-
stand what you are saying der. mu-teelezi. cf. -mamela, -tokomela. caus. -
teelezisa (teelezisize) (1) to accompany somebody who is going to listen
to someone's case (2) to call for silence in order to allow people to
listen. rec. -teele- zana (teelezani or teelezanile) to listen to each
other's arguments freq. -teelezanga to have the habit of listening
attentively
teka1 (li- or ma-) n. (one's) side, waist
-teka2 (tekile) v.t. as -teeka.
-tekala (tekalile) v.i. to be left, to remain (water in a container)
-teka-teka1 (teka-tekile) or tenga-tenga (tenga-tengile) v.t. to fondle a
child syn. -tengateka.
-teka-teka2 (teka-tekile) v.t. to be agitated (as a liquid in a vessel being
carried)
-tekelela (tekelezi) v.i. to know well, to know thoroughly cf. -ziba. idiom.
exp: ku shwa itekelelwa, to die in an unknown way
-tekema (tekemile) v.i. to be loose (axe, hoe, etc.) to wobble (jelly, meat,
etc.) to shiver, to shake (dancer, etc. ).
-tekesela (tekesezi) v.i. to tremble with fear, to quiver; to dance
(shaking).
tekeseli (li-) n. lid of an iron pot
tekiso (li-) n. sale, selling (from: -lekisa).
teko (li-) n. price, cost, value (from: -leka).
teku (li-) n. handie of a spear fig. tall, thin, good looking young man. fig.
exp: ku tiba ni liteku, to go for good A sa li ku ca mali a ka, u tibile
ni liteku, h'a sa bonwa; since he borrowed my money, we don't see him any
 more, he has gone off for good (lit: he disappeared com-pletely as a
spear).
tekuliso (li-) n. habit of informing people about the welfare of others or
about one's own health (from: -lekula).
tekulo (li-) n. visit (from: -lekula).
-tela (telile) v.t. to pay a tax (any kind of tax) der. mutelisi,
mutelo, butelisi. rel. -telela (telezi) to ~ for someone or something
caus. -telisa (telisize) to collect taxes. int. -telelela (telelezi) to
pay all taxes ref. -ltelela (itelezi) to pay one's own tax.
telee! interj. expressing redness Lizazi li li tepee, se It likela cwale the
sun is red, so it's going to seti Ha ni t'ofita mwa mulapo o muinwi, na
Ghana kuli telee, ki mwan'a lizwif fela! when I reached a cer-tain stream
in the plain, I found a large number of antelopes!
telekano (li-) n. divorce (by mutual agreement) (from:-leleka).
teleko (li-) n. divorce, expulsion (from: -leleka).
-telela (telezi) v.i. to slip; to be slippery: ka telelafa munenene, to slide
on a slippery place, Fani kwa telela, it is slippery over there. fig. to
show good health: Mubili wa hae wa telela, u pita hande; she is in good
health, and her body shows all the signs of it! cf. -shelumuka. telele,
adj. long, high, tall: Nzila ye telele, a long way, mazazi a mate-lele,
many days.
telisano (li-) n. consultation; mutual planning (from:-lelisana)
telo (li-) n. plan; plot (from: Bela).
-telumuka (telumukile) v.i. to slip down, to slide down, to cycle downhill
very fast. cf. -shelumuka.
-tema1 (temile) v.i. to curdle, to coa-gulate, to clot syn. -kemena. cuas. -
temisa (temisize) to cause to ~.
-tema2 (temile) v.t. Luyana. to cut syn. -lema. cf. -puma.
temalo (li-) n. habit, custom, famili-arity syn. twaelo. (from: -lemala)
-temanga (temangile) v.i. to go on talking (hoping to raise arguments when
others deliberately keep silent)
-tema-tema (tema-temile) v.i. to have a nervous tic.
-tembuka (tembukile) v.i. (1) to look for syn. -bata. (2) to work hard and
alone cf. -sebeza. freq. -tembauka (tembaukile) (1) to look for some-thing
here and there (2) to persist in working hard.
-tembula (tembuzi) v.t. to praise someone; to call a child by special and
endearing names, praising him
-tembwala (tembwalile) v.i. to sit gaping. caus. -tembwalisa (tembwa-lisize)
to cause to ~: Wena, sesi ka tembwalisize cwalo, wa kula nji? why do you
sit gaping like this, are you sick?
tembwe (bo-) n. rainbow syn. namb-wamutalati.
-temuna (temuzi) v.i. to look back, to look round to syn. -heta, -setuka.
freq. -temauna (temauzi) to look back again and again (in fear). ref. -
ltemuna (itemuzi) as -temuna (see: -itemuna)
temuho (li-) n. observation. (from: -lemuha)
temuso (li-) n. warning, notice, cau-tion; advice, hint, announcement,
proclamation (from:-lemuha)
temu-temu (noun taken adverbially) expressing surprise and embarras-sment
(when asked questions which cannot be answered or when caught in the act)
-tenda (tendile) v.t. Luyana. to do, to make. der. mutendewa. syn. -eza.
-tendeleka (tendelekile) v.i. to zigzag on a bicycle der. kanamutendele.
-tengama (tengami or tengamile) v.i. to lean on one side (canoe, moon
crescent, etc ) rel. -tengamela (tengamezi) to lean to: Kweli i tasize, i
tengamezi kwa metro; it is the new moon and it points to the north. caus.
-tengamisa (tengami-size) to cause to ~: Mu sike mwa tengamisa mukolo ka
ku ina neku li li li–wi, lu ka lwela, do not make the canoe tilt by
sitting all on one side otherwise it will capsize.
-tengateka (tengatekile) v.t. to take care of. syn. -teka-teka. cf. -baba-
lela.
-tenga-tenga1 (tenga-tengile) v.i. to rock and roll about (as a canoe shaken
by waves). der. matenga-tenga. syn. -tengauka. caus. -tenga-tengisa
(tenga-tengisize) to cause to ~.
-tenga-tenga2 (tenga-tengile) v.t. see: -teka-teka.
-tengauka (tengaukile) v.i. as-tenga-tenga.
-tengeka (tengekile) v.t. to tilt; to bend, to bow. syn. -tengama caus. rel.
-tengekela (tengekezi) to ~ to-wards: Tengekela kwanu. ni bone kapa ku na
ni busunso mwa piza ya hao. tilt your pot so that I can see if there is
enough relish in it.
-tengela (tengezi) v.i. to sweat, to perspire. syn. -fufulelwa. cf. -shwa-
luka, -tukutelwa. caus. -tengelisa (tengelisize) to cause to ~.
-tengeleza (tengelelize) v.t. to put round; to encircle, to surround: Mu sike
mwa tengeleza liso kaufela, na ni ka inela kai? don't completely encircle
the fire-place, where shall I sit if you do? U tengeleze hande piza, i ta
suluhela banana; prop up the pot carefully otherwise it will fall onto the
children. syn. -tengili-keza.
-tengenya (tengenyize) v.t. to ba-lance something on the head der.
mutengenyi.
-tengilikeza (tengilikelize) v.t. as-tengeleza.
-tenguka (tengukile) v.i. to get ac-customed to: Mutu yo u tengukile, ki mw'a
inezi; this man has now got the habit of doing so, it is second nature to
him. rel. -tengukela (tengukezi) to ~ somewhere: U tengukezi mwa sikenge,
she got the habit during her initiation. caus. -tengukisa (tengukisize) or
tengula (tenguzi) to familiarize.
-tengula (tenguzi) v.t. to mislead. ref. -itengula (itenguzi) to get into the
habit of (doing something).
tente (li- or ma-) n. Eng. tent; tar-paulin; awning.
te–i, adv. there. spec. exp: mukwa wa te–i, the proper way (of doing
something).
-tepa (tepile) to become loose; to hang down: to sag: Muhala u tepile, the
rope is loose; Ki mucembele, linama za hae se li tepile; he is an old
person, his flesh is no longer firm. caus. -tepisa (tepisize) (1) to
loosen (2) to show signs of future calving: l‚omu ya ka i se i tepisa, i
tuha i zwala; my cow is near calv-ing, as we can see from its udder.
-tepa-tepa (tepa-tepile) v.i. to totter, carrying a heavy load. syn. -tota.
rel. -tepa-tepela (tepa-tepezi) to ~ somewhere. caus. -tepa-tepisa (tepa-
tepisize) to cause to ~.
tepe (li-) n. tender, delicate plant prepared as vegetable and used as relish
fig. a spineless person.
-tepelela (tepelezi) v.i. Sotho. to become discouraged, tired, daunted,
disheartened. cf. -swafa caus. -tepelelisa (tepelelisize) to discourage,
to dishearten. ref. -itepeleza (itepelelize) to consider oneself as weaker
than others, to develop an inferiority complex.
-tepeta (tepetile) v.i. to be loose distended; to be slack (person). der.
matepeta. cf. -teputuka, -nema. rel. -tepetela (tepetezi) to walk slackly
somewhere. caus. -tepetisa (tepetisize) to cause looseness.
-tepuka (tepukile) v.i. to hang down. cf. -lepelela. rel. -tepukela (tepu-
kezi) to be hanging down: Mutai u

tepukezi fafasi, the branch is hang-ing down caus. -tepukisa (tepuki-size)

to cause to ~.
-teputuka (teputukile) v.i. to walk very slowly and lethargically; to be like
a jelly-fish. cf. -tepeta.
-tesuka (tesukile) v.i. to slip; to sprain (wrist, knee-cap. etc.)
-teta1 (tetile) v.i. to crack (as a tree being cut down and on the point of
falling).
-teta2 (tetile) v.i. to squeak, to shrick (from pain) der. muteto. caus. -
tetisa (tetisize) to cause to ~.
-tetela (tetezi) v.t. to cut bushes in a forest garden. syn. -panda. der. mu-
teteli. rel. -tetelela (tetelezi) to ~ for someone caus. -tetelisa
(teteli-size) to order or to help to ~.
-tetenya (tetenyize) v.i. to feel tired after an excess of food or drink; to
have a hang-over.
-teula (teuzi) v.t. to surpass (by in-telligence, cleverness, etc ) syn. -
fita, -eshula.
-teya (teile) v.t. see: -tea.
-teya-teya (teya-teile) v.i. see: -tea-tea.
-tia (tide) v.i. see: -tiya.
-tiba1 (tibile) v.i. (1) to sink, to founder: Mukolo wa ka u tibiae, my canoe
sank. (2) to be flooded Msimu a Lana s'a tibiae, our fields are already
under water. der. butibo. fig. to keep silent fig. exp: A sa li ku tiba ni
magi a Lana, h'a sa bonwa; since he went with our-money, we have not heard
from him. syn. -lwela. rel. -tibela (tibezi) to sink in a certain place
caus.-tibisa (tibisize) to cause the sinking of; to flood. int. -
tibelelela (tibele-lezi) to inundate completely ref. -itibisa (itibisize)
to cause one's canoe to capsize
-tiba2 (tibile) v.t. (1) to cork (2) to obstruct, to stand in the way,
to block the way. der. sitibo, sitibiso, tibelo. rel. -tibela (tibezi)
to hinder, to prevent from, to forbid: Ku maswe ku tibela mute litukelo za
hae, it is bad to refuse a person his rights. caus. -tibisa (tibisize) to
cause to ~. rec. -tibelana (tibelani) to oppose each other freq. -ti-banga
to ~ frequently. inv. -tibu-lula (tibuluzi) to uncork, to unstop, to open
(bottle, etc.) fig. exp: ka ti-bulula lizebe, to listen very care-fully to
ref. a). -itiba (itibile) fig. to stop one's ears. spec. exp: ku itiba
lizebe, to pretend not to hear, to refuse to hear. b) -itibela (itibezi)
to deprive oneself of something spec. exp: ka itibela mazibuho, to deprive
oneself of blessings.
tibalo (li-) n. forgetfulness (from: -libala).
-tibana (tibani or tibanile) v.i. to become obstructed, blocked up (usually
used in the past tense) mushitu o tibani, a dense forest; spec. exp: Ku
tibana mala. to be constipated; ka tibana lizebe, to be deaf. caus. -
tibanisa (tibanisize) to cause to ~.
-tibanya (tibanyize) v.t. to obstruct, to block up; to stun, to deafen: ka
tibanya mute lizebe, to repeat the same thing to someone all the time, to
talk twaddle.
-tibeka1 (tibekile) v.i. to fall in, to cave in, to collapse: Mukoti u tibe-
kile, bats ba shwile; the mine collapsed and people died.
-tibeka2 (tibekile) v.t. to lay the foundations of a house; to start the
building of a village when or where human victims were sacri-fied (obs)
-tibela (tibezi) v.t. to prevent from doing something: Mata, u y'o tibela
likomu zani, li ka y 'o kena mwa simu ya mute; run quickly and prevent
those cattle from getting into someone's field (see: -tiba2 rel.
der. mutibeli, mutibelelo. rel. -tibelela (–ibelezi) to ~ for someone
caus. -tibelisa (tibelisize) to order or to help to ~
-tibelela (tibelezi) v.i. to camp, to encamp, to pitch camp der. muti-beleli,
matibelelo, mutibelelo. caus. -tibeleza (tibelelize) to receive travellers
and provide a camping place for them
tibelelano (li-) n. mutual expecta-tion. (from: -libelela).
tibelelo (li-) n. expectation (from: -libelela).
tibelo (li-) n. hindrance, obstruc-tion, obstacle; opposition; preven-tion.
syn. kaniso (from: -tibela).
-tibuha (tibuhile) v.i. to become de-teriorated, spoiled; to fall down
(plaster).
-tibula1 (tibuzi) v.t. to beat and make fall (plaster) fig. to beat someone
severely. der. mutibuli, mutibulelo, mutibulo, sitibuliso rel. -tibulela
(ti-bulezi) to ~ for someone caus. -ti-bulisa (tibulisize) to order or to
help to ~. int. -tibulelela (thibule-lezi) to completely take off (the
plaster of a wall, of a hut, etc.) rec. -tibulana (tibulani) fig. to beat
each other severely freq. -tibulanga fig. to be inclined to beat (people)
ref. -ltibula (itibuzi) as rec.
tibula2 (li-) n. hole pierced at the bottom of a calabash in order to let out
the whey when making sour milk syn. -tubula.
-tibuluha (tibuluhile) v.i. to become uncorked (bottle, etc ) to become
opened (container, etc )
tibulula (tibuluzi) v.t. to uncork, to unstop, to open (bottle, etc ) der.
mutibululi, sitibululiso. rel. -tibulu-lela (tibululezi) to ~ for someone
caus. -tibululisa (tibululisize) to help to ~.

tieho (li-) n. delay, lateness. (from: -lieha).

tifo (li-) n. fee, payment, fine. (from: -lifa).
-tiinya (tiinyize) v.i. to rub the eye-l-id lightly with the finger-tip cf.-
pikita. fig. exp: Ni ta ka tEinya mwa meto ha u sa utwi, I will make you
wake up if you persist in not understanding. ref. -ltiinya (itii-nyize) to
rub one's eye with the tip of the finger.
-tiisa (tiisize) v.t. to affirm, to insist, to certify, to confirm, to
approve; to strengthen, to tighten, to conso-lidate; to persevere: Ni
tiisa niti, I insist that I am telling the truth; Ha mu ota muhala, mu u
tifse, mu sike mwa ota Tanya; when twisting a rope, do it firmly, not
loosely; Mu tiise musebezi wa mina ka tata, do your work with perseverance
der. mutiisi, tiiso. rec. -tiisana (tii-sani) to help each other to perse-
vere. ref. -itiisa (itiisize) to encour-age oneself; to become stronger,
to grow more robust. syn. -ikoko-tola, -ikokoteza. idiom. exp: U itii-size
he looks well, he has put on weight.
-tiiseza (tiiselize) v.i. & v.t. to perse-vere; to insist; to keep holding
tightly: confirm: Mu tifseze mwa buitamo bwa mina, do persevere in keeping
your promises. der. tii-sezo. syn. -tundamena, -pihelela. int. -tiiseleza
(tiiselelize) to endea-vour with patience
tiisezo, n. perseverance, persist-ence, tenacity, confirmation (from -
tiiseza).
tikanyezo (li-) n. measurement (from: -likanyeza).
tikanyo (li-) n. size, proportion; dose (med) spec. exp: ka tikanyo, with
moderation (from: -likanya).
-tikinya (tikinyize) v.t. Eng. to tickle der. buzikinyani. rel. -tiki-nyeza
(tikinyelize) to ~ for some-one caus. -tikinyisa (tikinyisize) to help to
~.
-tikitiba (tikitibile) v.t. Eng. to detect, to inquire, to investigate; to
bring to light. der. mutikitibi, bu-tikitibi, mutikitibelo. cf. -sefa.
tiko (li-) n. (1) trial, (2) test, (3) temptation. (from: -lika).
tikwa! interj. expressing nauseous, loathsome kind of odour: Ku li tikwa! it
stinks, it's rotten!
-tila (tilile) v.t. to make designs, drawings with a hot poker (pyro-graphy)
der. katilotilo rel. -tilela (tilezi) to ~ for someone caus. -tilisa
(tilisize) to order or to help to ~.
tilakita (li- or ma-) n. Eng. tractor (also sitilakita).
tilei (li-) n. Eng. tray: Ba lukanga li-tilei ka mibisi ya makenge, they make
trays with makenge roots
tiloko, n. murmur, grumbling; dis-satisfaction, preoccupation about the
future; forbodding, forewarn-ing, presentiment, apprehension (from: -
liloka)
-tilula (tiluzi) v.t. to release some-one from a food taboo. rel. -tilulela
(tilulezi) to ~ for someone: Mu t'o ni tilulela mwan'a a, u shwa tala;
come and release my child from the food taboo you ordered him to observe,
for he is starving ref. -iti-lula (itiluzi) to free oneself from the
observance of a food taboo to start up, to stand up precipita-tely; to
quake; to get frightened when caught in the act.
-tilumuna (tilumuzi) v.t. to caution, to warn, to find fault with; to scold
rel. -tilumunena (tilumunezi) to warn on behalf of someone
tima1 (li-) n. garden, field, ploughed ground syn. simu (from: -lima)

-tima2 (timile) v.t. to refuse to give; to give . parsimoniously der. muti-

mani, butimani. syn. -–oma,– ota. rel. -timela (timezi) to refuse for a
reason: Ni mu timezi buhata bwa hae, I refused to help him because of his
lies caus. -timisa (timisize) to cause to ~ int. -timelela (time-lezi) to
definitely refuse to give. rec. -timana (timani) (1) to deprive oneself of
something: Ku itima lico, to fast.
-tima3 (timile) v.i. to go out, to die out (fire), to burn out: Mulilo u
timile, the fire died out
-tima4 (timile) v.t. to extinguish; to put out (fire, light, etc ) to turn
off (gas), to switch off (electric light), to blow out (candle) der.
mutimi, sitimiso. syn. -timuna. rel. -timela (timezi) to ~ for someone
caus. -timisa (timisize) to help to ~ fig. to destroy completely, to mas-
sacre: ku timisa lifolofolo, to cause havoc among game (see: -timeza) int.
-timelela (timelezi) to put out all the fires
timana (li-) n. a verse (hymn, poem, scripture).
timba1 (tutimba) n. see: katimba. n. Eng. timber, log
-timba3 (timbile) v.t. Luyana. to hate der. sitimbo. syn. -toya.
-timboka (timbokile) v.t. to leave alone, to abandon someone, to forsake
(habit of children in playing) syn. -siloka.
-timbula (timbuzi) v.t. to look at with rancour, to look daggers at, to cast
an evil look der. litimbu, mutimbulelo. rel. -timbulela (timbu-lezi) to
look at someone with ran-cour: S'o ni timbulela cwalo kini? why are you
giving me such an evil look? why do you look daggers at me? caus. -
timbulisa (timbulisize) to cause to ~ rec. -timbulana (timbu lani) to look
wlth rancour at each other ref. -itimbula (itimbuzi) as rec.
timbuu (li-) n. Luyana. kind of small reed. cf. Iimbinda.
timbwe (bo-) n. see: ntimbwe.
-timela (timezi) v.i. to die, to perish der. timelo. syn. -shwa,-sinyeha, -
lateha, -tokwahala, -tunumana, -tu-tubala, -fa. fig. to disappear, to
vanish, to leave no trace: Usike wa hupula kuli s'o ezize sika timela kwa
I batu, do not think that what you did won't be known rel. -timelela
(timelezi) to die in a certain place: U il'o timelela kwa Livingi, he died
in Livingstone caus. -timeza (time-lize) to cause the death of, to cause
to perish (see: -timeza).
-timelelwa (timelezwi) v.t. to forget: Ne ni se ni ku timelezwi, I had al-
ready forgotten you. syn. -libala.
timelo, n. death, destruction. syn. Iifu (from: -timela).
timeza (timelize) v.t. to destroy, to kill, to massacre. syn. -bulaya. cf. -
sinya. (see: -tima3 cuas. fig. ref. -lti-meza (itimelize): spec. exp: ku
iti-i meza mitala, to endeavour to hide E one's guilt, one's culpability
-timpula (timpuzi) v.t. to draw water with a cup or any other object syn. -
ka. rel. -timpulela (timpulezi) to ~ for someone caus. -timpulisa
(timpulisize) to help to ~ freq. -timpaula (timpauzi) to ~ repeat-edly
ref. -ltimpulela (itimpulezi) to ~ for oneself.
-timuka (timukile) v.i. to be cross, to be sulky, to be angry. syn. -kemuka,
-nyema, -halifa.
-timukela (timukezi) v.i. to cease boiling when the fire dies out: Piza ya ka
i timukezi, my pot is no longer boiling as the fire is out.
-timuna (timuzi) v.t. (1) to put out a 'veldt' fire, to put out an
outbreak of fire syn. -tima3 (2) to cool hot water (by adding some cold
water); to weaken a strong drink by adding water der. mutimuni, si-
timuniso. fig. to appease some-one's anger, to soothe. rel. -timu-nela
(timunezi) to ~ for someone caus. -timunisa (timunisize) to help to ~
-timwena (timwezi) v.t. Luyana. as-timuna.
-tina (tinile) v.t. to dress, to put one's clothes on (esp: trousers, shorts,
kilt, skirt, etc.). der. muti-nisi, sitino, mutinelo cf. -apala. rel. -
tinela (tinezi) to ~ somewhere: ku tinela kwa mukunda, to dress in pri-
vacy fig. exp: ku tinelafa noka, to work very hard, to tighten one's belt
caus. -tinisa (tinisize) to help someone to ~. inv. -tinulula (tinu-luzi)
to undress ref. -itinisa (itini-size) to ~ oneself: Mukuli wa luna s'a
kona ku itinisa, our sick friend is now able to dress himself.
tindi (li-) n. kind of bulb used as a ball which, in the cileke game, has to
be hit with pointed sticks (sce: sumpu)
-tineha (tinehile) v.i. to become tired or disYusted with something cf. -
katala, -tinwa. caus. -tinehisa (tinehisize) to cause to ~
-tinga (tingile) v.t. Luyana. to twist; to wind. der. Ilingo. fig. exp: ku
tingela mutu liano, (1) to lay a trap to catch someone; (2) to find
someone a way out of difficulty caus. -tingisa (tingisize) fig. to help to
lay a trap to catch someone: Ki na ya mu tingisEze liano, kabe a sika mu
swala lisholi lani; I helped him lay the trap, otherwise he wouidn't have
caught that thief inv. -tingu-tula (tingutuzi) to untwist (see: -
tingutula)
-tingeta (tingetite) v.t. to tie by twisting. fig. to involve someone in
trouble
-tinguluka (tingulukile) v.t. to encir-cle, to shut in; to go, to run round
something: Ki mwila ku tinguluka ndu, it is a taboo to circle a house cf.
-potoloha, caus. -tingulukisa (tingulukisize) to cause to ~
-tingutula (tingutuzi) v.t. to untwist. rel. -tingutulela (tingutulezi) to ~
for someone. caus. -tingutululisa (tingutululisize) to help to ~ inv. -
tingutulelela (tingutulelezi) to ~ completely
-tintilika (tintilikile) v.i. to walk about naked in the house (speak-ing of
a fat person). cf. -tuntulika. rel. -tintilikela (tintilikezi) to ~
somewhere caus. -tintilikisa(tintili-kisize) to cause to ~.
-tintuka (tintukile) v.i. (1) to fade, to lose colour: Lisila la ka li
tintukile my material has lost its colour; (2) to undergo a great change
in one's health caus. -tintukisa (tintukisize) or -tintula (tintuzi) to
cause to ~.
-tinulula (tinuluzi) v.t. sce: -tina inv.
-tinwa (tinilwe (v.t. to become tired or disgusted with someone or something:
Ni tinilwe ki mikwa ya hae, I am disgusted by his habits cf. -tineha, -
katala. caus. -tiniswa (tinisizwe) to experience disgust
tipa (li-) n. knife; tƒpa ya soloto, folding knife, pocket knife, pen-knife
-tiputuka (tiputukile) v.i. (1) to come out in great quantity (as pus out of
an abscess) (2) to come out in great numbers (people) rel. -tipu-tukela
(tiputukezi) to go to a cer-tain place in great numbers caus.-tiputukisa
(tiputukisize) to cause people to go somewhere in great numbers
-tiputula (tiputuzi) v.t. to drain an abscess syn. -punya. -tisa (tisize)
v.t. to bring der. mutisi. rel. -tiseza (tiselize) to bring to caus. -
tisisa (tisisize) to order or to help to bring to cauvse to bring int. -
tiseleza (tiselelize) to bring the lot rec. -tisana (tisani) to bring each
other to (a place): Ni utwile kuli ba tisani kwa Kuta, I heard that they
 mutually brought their case to the court ref. -ltisa (itisize) to come to:
U itisEze i li yena, she came by herself
tite (ma-) n. piece of ground either virgin or uncultivated for a long time
-titihana (titihani) v.i. to be over-crowded, to lack space, to be huddled
up: Litoli li titihani hahulu, likomu li ka itwanisa busihu: the poles are
fixed too close together, the cattle can fight during the night syn. -
pitihana. caus. -titiha-nya (titihanyize) to bring closely together (see:
-titihanya)
-titihanya (titihanyize) v.t. to press together, to huddle, to put too close
together syn. -pitihanya cuas. -titihanyisa (titihanysize) to help to
bring closely together
-titika (titikile) v.t. to heat, to bruise insistently caus. -titikisa (ti-
tikisize) to help to ~
-tiya (tiile) v.i. to be firm, steady, resolute der. matielo or matiyelo.
rel. -tiyela (tiyezi) to cling to, to fasten on to; to rely on caus. -
tiisa (tiisize) (sce: -tiisa)
tiyeho or tieho, (li-) n. delay, pro-crastination (from:-lieha)
-toba1 (tobile) v.i. to run away unseen, to slip away, to decamp, to escape
to desert to slink away: U tobile mwa tolongo, he escaped from prison der.
mutobi, mutobisi, butobi. rel. -tobela (tobezi) to decamp somewhere; to
desert someone fig. to leave someone alone (by dying): Musal'a ka u ni
tobezi, my wife died suddenly and left me alone. caus. -tobisa (tobi-size)
to cause or to help to decamp, to desert; to abduct ref. -itobisa (
(itobisize) to run away with someone, to elope: Mwangala u itobisize ni
munna. Mwangala ran away with a man
-toba2 (tobile) v.t. to apply fomenta-tions der. mutobi. syn. sindela. fig.
exp: ku toba pElu ya mutu, to com-fort to calm, to console someone rel. -
tobela (tobezi) to ~ for some-one caus. -tobisa (tobisize) to assist
someone m applying fomenta-tions red. -toba-toba (toba-tobile) to apply
warm compresses. ref. -itoba (itobile) to apply warm com-presses on one's
body.
tobeli (li-) n. plundering, looting (from: -lobela)
-tobisa (tobisize) v.t. to untie a calf to allow it to go and suck its mother
der. mutobisi. cf. -lukulula. rel. -tobiseza (tobiselize) to ~ for someone
rec. -tobisana (tobisani) fig. to go one after another: Ha mu ya kwa ku
nwa mezi, mu n'o tobi-sana; when you go to drink water, go one by one
-toboha (tobohile) v.i. to give up, to forsake, to renounce der. muito-bohi,
buitoboho, tobohano. fig. to forget all about an absent person or a dead
person caus. -tobasa (to-bosize) to make someone re-nounce or forget about
his claims: Ba nifile kanama ka kanyinyani, ku ni tobosafela; they gave me
a small portion of meat, just to make me forget about it (see: -tobosa).
rec.-tobohana (tobohani) to give up trusting each other, to give up hope
of secing each other again ref. -itioboha (itobohile) to give up, to
renounce; to do without, to de prive oneself of something, to deny oneself
something, to abstain from something: Na, ni se ni itobo-hile mwa lika
kaufela; as for me, I have no more desires or preten-tions, I gave up all
of them
tobohano (li-) n. reciprocal forget-fulness (from: -toboha).
toboi, n. half-dry grass in morasses after the flood season
-tobola1 (tobozi) v.t. to detach mealie cobs from the stalk leaving the
spathe. syn. -boyola.
-tobola2 (tobozi) v.i. to speak much syn. -bulela. rel. -tobolela (tobolezi)
to speak to caus. -tobolisa (toboli-size) to cause to speak
tobolo (li-) n. gun (any kind of gun) fig. thief
-tobosa (tobosize) v.t. to make someone renounce, give up, forget something:
Ki peto, u yo tobosa Malozi kuli Nawa a man'o eza si-tangu u tobile;
that's all, go and tell the chiefs to forget about Nawa for he left for
 good after he was in-volved in that scandal. rel. -tobo-seza (toboselize)
to cause to ~. int. -toboseleza (toboselelize) to make someone give up,
renounce com-pletely
-tofoka (tofokile) v.i. to have noth-ing in the stomach, to be acutely
hungry, to be pining for food
-tofola (tofozi) v.t. to cause some-one to be acutely hungry. der. mui-
tofoli. ref. -ltofola (itofozi) to be bent with hunger.
-tofota (tofotile) v.i. to be tender, soft, ripe: Ya ka mango ya tofota, i
buzwize; my mango is soft, so it is ripe. der. matofotelo, katofotelo.
toho (li-) n. head fig. chief, head-man, headmaster, etc fig. exp: toho ya
nuka, source of a river; toho ya taba, the main point of a case; matu wa
toho-tata, a strong headed man.
tohonolo (li- or ma-) n. good luck, good fortune, privilege, good omen,
blessing syn. litohonolo.
-tohonolofaza (tohonolofalize) v.t. Sotho. to bless der. tohonolofaza. syn. -
fuyola.
tohonolofazo (li-) n. blessing, benediction syn. mbuyoti. (from -
tohonolofaza)
-tokola (tokozi) v.t. to dig (make) a canal; to cleanse a canal, a ditch, etc
der. mutokoli, mutokolisi, sito-koliso. mutokolelo. cf. -yepa, -kom-bola.
rel. -tokolela (tokolezi) to ~ for someone caus. -tokolisa (toko-lisize)
to order or to help to ~ int. -tokolelela (tokolelezi) to clean out every
canal ref. -itokolela (itokolezi) to cleanse one's ditches with-out the
help of others.
-tokola2 (tokozi) v.t. to cut off large pieces of meat cf. -puma. freq. -
tokaula (tokauzi) to cut off many large pieces of meat; to tear away
pieces of meat (as a wild animal from its prey).
-tokola3 (tokozi) v.i. to belch. caus. -tokolisa (tokolisize) to cause to ~
-tokolomoha (tokolomohile) or -tokomoloha (tokomolohile) v.t. to cease to
take care of someone, to leave alone, to abandon cf. -tuhela, -lisela.
-tokoma (tokomile) v.i. to make a noise when boiling.
-tokomela (tokomezi) v.i. & v.t. to mind, to heed; to take care of: U
tokomele, u ta ca mulilo, mind the fire, or you will burn yourself; Mu
tokomele mwanana a sike a zwela-zwela kwande, u ta shwa silami; take care
of the child and do not let him go out, otherwise he will get cold der.
mutokomeli, tokomelo. syn. -babaleh. rel. -tokome lela (tokomelezi) to ~
on behalf of someone caus. -tokomelisa (tokomelisize) to enjoin to ~ rec.
-tokomelana (tokomelani) to take care of each other inv. -tokomoloha
(tokomolohile) to cease to take care of, to abandon ref. -itokomela
(itokomezi) to take care of oneself
tokomelo (li-) n. care, carefulness, mindfulness, heed; prudence (from: -
tokomela)
-tokota (tokotile) v.i. (1) to breathe with difficulty, to gasp; to rattle
(in one's throat), to be at one's last gasp, to be in the throes of death
syn. -tosaela. (2) to roar (leopard) der. mutokoti, litokota, mutokotelo.
rel. -tokotela (tokotezi) fig. to rep-rimand severely caus. -tokotisa
(tokotisize) fig. to reprimand each other very severely.
-tokwa (towile) v.t. to want; to be in need of, to lack; to miss: Ni tokwa
kuli mu ye kwa Mulenehi kamuso, I want you to go to the Capital to-morrow,
Na, ni tokwile nako ya ku ya kwate–i; I certainly have no time to go
there; Ni kile na ya kwa-tehi ka nako yeh wi, kono n 'a y'o mu tokwa; I
went there one day, but I missed him adv.exp: kutokwa, not at all far from
it ! der. mutokwi, butokwi, tokwahalo. rel. -tokwela (tokwezi) to want, to
need some-thing for someone: Ni tokwezi mwan'a ka mali a sikolo, I need
money to pay my child's school-fees caus. -tokwisa (tokwisize) to deprive
someone of something: U ni tokwisize nihaiba kanama kakanyinyani, he did
not give me even the slightest piece of meat int. -stat. -tokwahala
 (tokwahalile) to be needed (see: -tokwahala). freq. -tokwanga to usually
nced ref. -itokwisa (itokwisize) to deprive oneself

-tokwahala (tokwahezi or tokwaha-lile) v.i. (1) to be rare, to be precious;

(2) to be no more, to die syn. -shwa, -timela, -sinyeha, -lateha. (3 ) to
be needed rel. -tokwahalela (tokwahalezi) to die somewhere: U tokwahalezi
mwa musipili, he died while on a trip spec. exp: ku tokwahalelwa ki mwana,
ki musali, ki munna, etc to lose (through death) a child, a wife, a
husband, etc freq. -tokwahalanga to be usually needed
-tola1 (tolile) v.i. to smear one's skin with vaseline der. sitolelo. int. -
tolelela (tolelezi) to smear one's whole body with medicinal ointment
-tola2 (tolile) v.t. Luyana. to find a lost thing syn. -nopa.
-tola3 (tozi) v.t. to spend time: Lu tozi mazazi a mabeli mwa Lealui, we
spent two days in Lealui spec. exp: Mu tozi! good afternoon! (lit: you
spent a good time of rest) cf. -tanda. caus. -tolisa (tolisize) to cause
to ~
-tola4 (tolile) v.i. to commit an incestuous act, to do an immoral thing to
call for bad luck in doing some-thing evil der. sitola butola, mitolo.
rel. -tolela (tolezi) to bring bad luck to someone by doing him wrong ref.
-itolela (itolezi) to call for mutual bad luck in doing wrong to each
other
-tola aux. v. giving the meaning of continuation in the action: Ha ni sa tola
ni kutela tehi, I shall never do it again (lit: I shall not continue doing
it)
-toliya (toliile) v.t. to annoy, to worry, to bother (by loud talking or
laughing) caus. -toliisa (toliisize) to cause to disturb with
-tolisa (tolisize) v.t. to mock, to torment, to plague, to rag der.
toliso. cf. -kataza, -swenya, -nyandisa. toliso (li-) n. mockery,
torment, plaguing (from -tolisa)
tolo1 (li-) n. dream (from: -lola) tolo ye maswe, a bad dream
tolo2 (li-) n. kudu antelope.
-toloka (tolokile., v.t. to interpret, to translate orally der. mutoloki,
butoloki, mutolokelo cf. -fetula. rel. -tolokela (tolokezi) to ~ for
someone
tolomani (li-) n. empty tin.
tolombita (li-) n. Eng. trumpets bugle
tolongo (li-) n. prison, gaol (jail) ku kenya mutu mwa tolongo, to imprison
-tolongosha (tolongoshize) v.t. to explain fully. to detail all things
correctly der. mutolongoshi, mutolongoshelo. rel. -tolongoshela
(tolongoshezi) to ~ to someone caus. -tolongoshisa (tolongoshisize) to
cause to ~: Kini sesi mu tolongo-shisize cwalo litaba za matapa kwa kuta?
what made her relate in detail private matters before the court?
-toma1 (tomile) v.t. to found; to es-tablish; to erect; to fix ku toma mulao,
to establish a lwa, to legislate spec. exp: Pula i tomile, it is raining
in the distance there is a curtain of rain in the distance der. mutomi,
mutomo, mutomelo. rel. -tomela (tomezi) to ~ for someone or somewhere
caus. -tomisa (tomi-size) to help or to cause to ~ ref. -itomela (itomezi)
to ~ for oneself
-toma2 (tomile) v.t. to pole with a paddie, pushing forward der. mutomo. rel.
-tomela (tomezi) to ~ in a certain direction
-toma3 (tomile) v.i. to stand firmly: Yena ki musali, u tomile hande, she is
really a well built woman (u tomile ~ has large, shapely legs)

tomahana (tomahani) v.i. to follow each other, to succeed each other: Mu

zamaye ka ku tomahana mwa mukoloko, walk in single file. syn. -tatamana.
-tomahanya (tomahanyize) v.t. (1) to join, to connect: Mu tomahanye feela
mabala a matelele, join together long rafters only. (2) to explain things
in a logical order rel. -tomahanyeza (tomahanyelize) to ~ for someone.
-tomana (tomani or tomanile) v.i. to squat, to remain sitting for a long time
(because of illness or old age) syn. -ungumana.
tombo! interj. not so! Tombo, u hane, u sike wa eza cwalo! no, refuse to do
so!
-tombola (tombozi) v.t. to deprive someone or cause him to suffer loss of
property or privileges: Ba ni tombozi, nifumani buhobe bafelize: they
deprived me of buhobe, I found they had just finished eating syn. -sotisa.
cf. -kabelela, -yawa. rel. -tombolela (tombolezi) to offend someone by
depriving a person of food, work, etc: Mutu yani u til'o ni tombolela bana
ba ka, kacenu ha ba sika kula hande; that man deprived my children of
their food, so they are not satisfied ref. a) -itombola (itombozi) to
deprive oneself of food; to sacrifice b) -itombolisa (itombolisize) to
deprive oneself in favour of others.
tombomoyo, adv. (always used with: -shwa, to die): ku shwa tombomoyo to die.
giving all irrefutable signs of death
-tomelela (tomelezi) v.t. to overfill, to fill up and heap over
-tomenena (tomenezi) v.t. to persist in doing something; to follow someone,
to imitate someone Yani h'a tomenenwi, that person has no equal (cannot
be imitated) der. mutomeneni, tomeneno. cf. swalelela, -hanelela,
tundamena. caus. -tomenenisa (tomenenisize) to cause someone to persist in
doing something
tomeneno, n. persistence in doing something (from:-tomenena).
-tomoha (tomohile) v.i. usually used with pilu): ku tomoha pilu, to be very
sad der. matomola. rel. -tomohela (tomohezi) to sympathize, to have pity
upon, to be merciful so caus. -tomohisa (tomohisize) to cause sadness ref.
-itomohisa (ito-mohisize) to make oneself suffer, to worry oneself.
-tomola (tomozi) v.t. to take (thorns, etc ) out of the body with the help of
an instrument der. mutomoli, sitomoliso, mutomolelo. fig. to help someone
out of difficulty; to remove a troublesome person from a village: Ba lu
tomozi silumi se ne si lu kataza mwa hae, they helped us by expelling the
sorcerer who was worrying us from the village rel. -tomolela (tomolezi) to
~ for someone caus. -tomolisa (tomolisize) to help to ~ ref. -itomola
(itomozi) oneself to take a thorn, etc out of one's body fig. to get rid
of a worrying person: Mutu h'a koni ku itomola muutwa o mu kataza ku
itomola, it is impossible for anybody by himself to get rid of a harmful
person
-tompa (tompile) v.t. Sotho. to show respect to; to honour; to be polite to
der. mutompehi, butompehi, tompo, tompololo. syn. -kuteka. stat. -tompeha
(tompehile) to be respectable, to be honourable rec. -tompana (tompani) to
show mutual respect inv. -tompolola (tompolozi) to dishonour, to be
disrespectful to someone, to revile (see: -tompo- lola) ref. -itompa
(itompile) to respect oneself
tompo, n. Sotho. politeness, rever-ence, honour (from:-tompa).
-tompoloka (tompolokile) v.i. Sotho. to become powerless (speaking of a
witchdoctor whose power has been outdone by a more powerful influence)
syn. -sompoloka.
-tompolola (tompolozi) v.t. Sotho. to dishonour, to be disrespectful to
someone, to revile. syn. -nyefula, -shauta. rel. -tompololela (tompolo,
lezi) to dishonour for a certain reason U ni tompololezifa kwai ya ka ye
ni mu timile, he reviled me because I refused to give him snuff rec. -
tompololana (tompololani or tompololanile) to show mutual disrespect ref.
-itompolola (itompolozi) to dishonour oneself; to dishonour each other
tompololo (li-) n. Sotho. lack of politeness, of reverence; reviling
dishonour (from: -tompa inv.
-tompokelwa (tompokezwi) v.i. to sow late: Mueumwaha lu tompokezwi, this year
we have sown too late cf. -kotokelwa.
-tona (tonile) v.i. (1) to have the eyes open, to be awake: Lufitile ba sa
tona, we arrived before they went to sleep; (2) to be visible: Na ni bona
kuli bwanda bo ha bu toni handefa lisila le. to me it seems this thread is
not visible on this material der. mutoni, mutonisi, mutonelo. fig. to be
alert, lively, perky, bright, sharp, quick-witted rel. -tonela (tonezi) to
sit up for, to watch over: ku tonela situpu. to watch over a dead body
caus. -tonisa (tonisize) to keep company with people in the evening fig.
to awaken someone's intelligence freq. -tonanga to have the habit of going
to bed late red. -tona-tona (tona-tonile) to sit up or watch for a short
while
-tonda (tondile) v.t. to be discon-certed about the loss of something der.
lutondeleti, mutondeleti. rel. -tondela (tondezi) to be suspicious about
someone who might have stolen missing things caus. -tondisa (tondisize) to
accuse someone of having taken a missing thing. int-stat. -tondahala
(tondahalile) to be missing: Ku tondahala mwanana mwa hae mwani. a child
is missing in that village rec. -tondisana (tondisani or tondisanile) to
accuse each other of having taken a missing thing
-tondoka (tondokile) v.i. to mourn for a dead person. der. mutondo-kelo. cf.
-bonka. caus. -tondokisa (tondokisize) to cause to ~
-tondomoka (tondomokile) v.i. see -ndondomoka.
-tondomona (tondomozi) v.t. see -ndondomona.
-tonela (tonezi) v.t. to search for something (with a fishing-spear, a stick,
etc): Ba ile kwa ku tonela likulu, they went to search for tortoises
-tonga (tongile) v.i. to groan, to moan, to wail. der. mutongi, sitongo,
mutongelo. caus. -tongisa (tongisize) to cause to ~. red. tonga-tonga
(tonga-tongile) fig. to be unwell: H'a zuhi hande, wa tonga-tonga mazazi
a; he is not well these days ref. -itongisa (itongisize) to feign iliness
by groaning
-tongama (tongami or tongamile) v.t. to run after to chase (animals) Nja ya
ka i tongami kafolofolo, my dog is chasing an animal syn. -manama, -
matisa, -tatama, -landameka, -shenja. cf. -putuma. fig. to be (going)
after someone rel. -tongamela (tongamezi) to chase for a reason: Wena s'o
ni tongamezi cwana ki sika mani? why are you after me like this? ref -
itongama (titongami or itongamile) fig. to survey, to watch each other. -
tongoka (tongokile) v.i. to grumble, to murmur, to be discontented,
dissatisfied: to complain; to protest. der. -mutongoki, tongoko,
mutongokelo. syn. -bilaela,– o–oleha, honona. caus. -tongokisa
(tongokisize) to cause to ~. rec. -tongokana (tongokani or tongokanile) to
com-plain to each other. ref. -itongoka (itongokile) as rec.
tongoko (li-) n. grumbling, murmuring dissatisfaction, complaint, protest
(from: -tongoka).
-tongola (tongozi) v.t. to uproot, to deracinate (with the hand, a hoe, etc.)
der. mutongoli, sitongoliso, mutongolelo. fig. to find out, to dis-cover
(a mistake, a fault, a weakness of any kind, etc.): Ni ku tong-ozi, wena,
ha u zibi Sikuwa; I have discovered that you don't know English at all!
-tongomana (tongomani) v.i. to start sitting for a while when recovering from
illness: Mukuli wa luna u s'a tongomana fafasi, our patient is now able to
sit for a while. syn. -toomana.
-tongomona (tongomozi) v.t. to shell maize cobs. der. mutongomoni. syn. -
toomona. rel. -tongomonela (tongomonezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -
tongomonisa (tongomonisize) to help to ~. int. -tongomonelela
(tongomonelezi) to shell all the maize cobs.
|-tongoshola (tongomonelezi) to shell all the maize cobs.
-tongoshola (tongoshozi) v.t. to relate things, explaining in detail
unnecessarily . rel. -tongosholela (tongosholezi) to ~ to someone.
-tonipa (tonipile) v.t. Sotho. see: -tompa.
-tonoka (tonokile) v.t. Luyana. to look for: Ni katezi ku tonoka tipa ya ka,
ha ni i boni; I have been looking for my knife, but I can not find it.
syn. -bata.
-tonya-tonya (tonya-tonyize) v.t. to prod something in order to see if it is
ripe. syn. -sina-sina.
-toola (toozi) v.t. to pick up (bones from meat, flies from milk, etc.) rel.
-toolela (toolezi) to ~ for someone: U si ci, pili ni ku toolele masapo;
do not eat (the fish) before I take the bones out. caus. -toolisa
(toolisize) to help to ~.
-toomana (toomani or toomanine) v.i. to sit down (speaking of a sick, weak or
aged person); to sit down in order to avoid work: Ni ku boni kale, wa sa
li ku toomonafafasi, ha u beleki; I have been observing you for a long
time, you are just sitting down doing nothing.
-toomona (toomozi) v.t. to shell maize cobs. der. mutoomoni. syn. -tongomona.
fig. to reveal every-thing when giving evidence. rel. -toomonela
(toomonezi) or -toomonena (toomonezi) to ~ for some-one; to shell maize
cobs into something: lla ni na mukeke wa ku toomonena mbonyi ya ka, I have
no basin into which to shell my maize. caus. -toomonisa (toomonisize) to
help to ~. fig. to cause someone to reveal everything when giving
evidence. int. -toomonelela (toomonelezi) to shell all the maize cobs.
rec. -itomonisa (itomonisize) to help each other shell maize cobs.
-topotoka (topotokile) v.i. (1) to come out in great numbers (people from an
assembly hall, etc.) (2) to fall in great quantity (rain): Pula i
topotokile hahulu basihu bwa kacenu, it rained very heavily last night.
rel. -topotokela (topotokezi) to go somewere in great numbers. caus. -
topotokisa (topotokisize) to cause to ~.
-topwela (topwezi) v.i. to be very tired, to be exhausted. syn. -bomba, -
tamba, -katala. caus. -topwelisa (topwelisize) to cause to ~.
-tosa (tosize.) v.t. to find unexpectedly (an animal in the 'veldt', the body
of a dead person, etc.). der. mutosi.
-tosaela (tosaezi) v.i. to be stil[ breathing (speaking of a dying person),
to be at one's last gasp. syn. -tokota. rel. -tosaelela (tosaelezi) fig.
to find refuge or comfort somewhere.
-tosangisa (tosangisize) v.t. to press hard with questions in order to obtain
evidence. rel. -tosangiseza (tosangiselize) to ~ for a definite purpose.
rec. -tosangisana (tosangisani) to ~ (speaking of two people). ref. -
itosangisa (itosangisize) as rec.
tota1, adv. truly, really: Ona, ki mulyani tota; this is a really good
medicine.
-tota2 (totile) v.t. Luyana. to totter, to walk with short and swift steps
(speaking of a person overburdened) . syn. -sheshela, shina-shina, -tepa-
tepa. fig. to taxi on the tarmac (aircraft). rel. -totela (totezi) to ~
somewhere. caus. -totisa (totisize) to cause to ~.
-totobela (totobezi) v.i. to sink in mud: Komu ye totobezi mwa sileze, ha mu
sa i akufeli, ya shwa, if you don't hurry up and rescue the cow which has
sunk in mud, it will die. caus. -totobelisa (totobelisize) or -totobeza
(totobelize) to cause to ~.
-totofala (totofezi) v.i. Sotho. to become stupid. caus. -totofaza
(to- tofalize) to stupefy, to cause madness: Matokwani a totofalize ba
banata, hemp has been the cause of many people's madness.
-totoloka (totolokile) v.i. to remain watery (as mealie meal of bad quality
when cooked).
-totolola (totolozi) v.i. to produce air-bubbles (fish, etc.)
-totolosa (totolosize) v.t. to speak endlessly. der. mutotolosi.
-totomoka (totomokile) v.i. to run in order to jump. fig. to enter into a
discussion in order to accuse someone's opponent..
-totona (no past tense) v.i. to lose strength, flavour (tobacco mixed with
too much mulilima) caus. -totonisa (totonisize) to cause to ~.
tou (li-) n. elephant; ivory; ivory bracelet. syn. ndopu.
toyal, n. whey.
-toya2 (toile) v.t. to hate, to detest, to abhor. der. mutoiwa, sitoyo,
toyano. syn. -ndimba, -timba, -zwikama. rel. -toyela (toyezi) to ~ for a
reason: Ba mu toyezi buikumuso bwa hae, they hate him for his excessive
pride. caus. -toisa (toisize) or -toyisa (toyisize) to cause to ~. rec. -
toyana (toyani) to hate each other. rel. -toyanela (toyanezi) to hate each
other for a reason: Ba toyanezi fa muzeko wa bona wa mubu, they have hated
each other since they had a land dispute. int. -toyanelela (toyanelezi) to
hate each other without hope of reconciliation. ref. -itoisa (itoisize) to
cause oneself to be hated: U ta itoisa batu haiba u itokwisa likute cwalo,
you will provoke people's hatred if you behave in such a bad way.
toyano1 (li-) n. reciprocal hatred. (from: -toya).
toyano2 (li-) n. mutual casting of spell, mutual bewitchment. (from: -loya).
-toyola (toyozi) v.t. to pierce, to burst through; to wound with a stick: Ki
kale ba toyola mulupa wa mutu. they have burst somebody's drum ! syn. -
punya. rel. -toyolela (toyolezi) to ~ causing harm to someone. caus. -
toyolisa (toyolisize) to cause to ~.
-toza1 (tozize) v.i. to be lame; to limp, to hobble. der. mutozi. syn. -cu–
uta, pa–ata, -pankata. rel. -tozeza (tozelize) to ~ somewhere caus. -
tozisa (tozisize) to cause to ~; to accompany a lame person.
-toza2 (tozize) v.t. to smear someone's skin with vaseline. (see: -tola).
der. mutozi, mutozezo, sitozezo. cf. -sasa. rel. -tozeza (tozelize) to ~
for someone: Ike mu ni tozeze yena mafula h'a ka lobala; please rub him
with the ointment, when he goes to bed. caus. -tozisa (tozisize) to help
to ~. int. -tozeleza (tozelelize) to smear completely someone's body with
vaseline. ref. -itoza (itozize) to smear one's skin with vaseline
toze (li-) n. seed (of pumpkins, water melons, etc.). cf. peu.
tu! interj. expressing silence, quietness, calmness: Nifumani mwa hae ku li
tu! I found that it was completely quiet in the village.
-tuba (tubile) v.t. to break, to crush, to smash: ku tuba limota, to batter
down a wall fig. exp: ku toba buloko, to sleep long, Munwana u li munwi ha
u tubi nda, unity is strength (lit: a single finger cannot crush a louse);
ku tuba munzi, to spoil good understanding between members of a family.
der. mutubi, situbiso, kutubaminzi. cf. -pyata. -bulaya. rel. -tubela
(tubezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -tubisa (tubisize) to help to ~. stat. -
tubeha (tubehile) to become broken: Lii li tubehile, the egg is broken.
int. -tubelela (tu-belezi) to ~ the whole lot. rec. -tubana (tubanike)
fig. to come to blows. freq. -tubaka (tubakile) to break into pieces. ref.
-itubaka (itubakile) fig. to strike each other repeatedly.
-tubaka (tubakile) v.i. to work hard; to be in a hurry. der. mutubaki.
tubana (li-) n. deep circular wooden vessel with lid.
-tubauka (tubaukile) v.i. to bubble up (boiling water); to rise up (spray
over a cataract).
-tubeta (tubetite or tubetile) v.t. to kiss fig. exp: ku tubeta ndombe, ku
siya muwayo to enjoy a gift, forgetting the giver (lit: to kiss a barbel
fish and leave aside the fishing spear that killed it). rec. -tubetana
(tubetani or tubetanile) to kiss each other, ref. -itubeta (itubetite)
-tubilikana (tubilikani or tubilikanile) v.i. to do any kind of work
hurriedly cf. -mbwimbwilikana.
-tubuka (tubukile) v.t. to cause a rash on the skin: Mwanana u tubukilwe ki
sikalanga, the little child has a rash caused by small pox. cf. -tutuluka.
int. -tubukelela (tubuke-lezi) to cause a rash covering the whole body.
-tubula1 (tubuzi) v.i. & v.t. to undress, to strip, to take away one's
ornaments. fig. exp: U mu tubuzi, he divorced her. der. mutubulelo,
katubulelo. rel. -tubulela (tubulezi) to undress (a child or a sick
person) on another's behalf; to give a personal garment to somebody: U
tubulele bo m'aho kwa liapalo za hao, bona ba zamaya mubili fande; give
some of your dresses to your mother, look, she is poorly dressed. caus. -
tubulisa (tubulisize) to help to ~. int. -tubulelela (tubu-lelezi) to
undress completely. ref.-itubula (itubuzi) to undress oneself. fig. exp:
ku itubula bulena, to resign, to abdicate (king).
-tubula2 (tubuzi) v.t. to give a tribute to the Litunga (a lapsed custom)
der. nubu.
-tubula3 (tubuzi) v.i. to blossom: Likota se li tubula mwa mushitu, mwaha
s'ofelile! the trces are already blooming in the forest, so the year is
coming to an end.
tubula (li-) n. hole pierced at the bottom of a calabash in order to let out
the whey when making sour milk. syn. tibula.
-tubulula (tubuluzi) v.t. to take some food out of the pot still on fire.
(taboo referring to the belief that someone doing so might be accused of
some fault in front of many people). der. mutubululi, mutubu. cf. -
tumununa. rel. -tubululela (tubululezi) to ~ for someone. -tubutula
(tubutuzi) v.t. to take little by little (out of a bag, a basket, etc.);
to draw money out of the bank again and again. rel. -tubutulela
(tubutulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -tubutulisa (tubutulisize) to help or
to cause to ~. int. -tubutulelela (tubutulelezi) to ~ the whole lot.
tuelo (li-) n. Sotho. wages, reward, salary (from: -luela).
tufa (li-) n. large earthen pot or ca-labash used for making sour milk.
-tuhal (tuhile) v.i. Sotho. to go away; (also used adverbially in the
following expressions): ku tuha cwale, henceforth ku tuhafo, since then.
ku tuha– ohola, since last year, etc.
-tuha2 aux. v. giving a meaning of nearness in time, soon: Ba tuha ba fita,
they will soon arrive.

-tuhela1 (tuhezi) v.t. to give up; to abandon, to leave behind; to leave

alone: Ni se ni tuXezi bucwala, I have given up drinking. Musali yani ni
mu tuhezi kakuli n'a na ni buzwa hahulu, I have abandonned that woman
because she was very lazy Tuhela kaze i ka kunwalula. leave the cat alone,
otherwise it will scratch you! syn. -lisela,-tokolomoha or tokomoloha.
caus. -tuhelisa (tuhelisize) to cause to ~: Ni mu tuhelisize musebezi, I
dismissed him from his work. int. -tuhelela (tuhelezi) to leave completely
alone: Kini ha mu tuhelezi banana ba nze ba sinya mezi? why did you leave
the children spoiling water? rec. -tuhelana (tuhelani) to stop mutual
friendly relations.
-tuhela2 (tuhezi) v.t. to bring forth new leaves. syn. -shoshela.
-tuka (tukile) v.i. to catch fire, to burn. syn. -lyakama. cf. -ca. rel. -
tukela (tukezi) to burn somewhere: Mulilo wani u tukela kwahule, that fire
is burning far away. caus. -tukisa (tukisize) to set fire, to kindle.
-tukaela (tukaezi) v.i. to walk clumsily. syn. -tuntaeh. rel. -tukaelela
(tukaelezi) to ~ somewhere. caus. -tukaelisa (tukaelisize) to cause to ~.
(tukelo (li-) n. right, privilege, pre-rogative; justice, equity: Ba mu
timile litukelo za hae; they deprived him of his rights. (from: -luka).
tukisezo (li-) n. plan, project, intention, care: Mutu kaufela u na ni
tukisezo ya hae y'a filwe ki Mulimu, everybody is living according to a
plan prepared by God. (from: -lukisa).
tukiso (li-) n. preparation, arrangement. (from: -lukisa).
tukol used with prep 'kwa' to form the adverb: kwatuko, aside, apart; in
private: Mu bee libyana kwatuko, put the goods aside. Mu y'o ambolela
kwatuko, go and discuss in privacy.
tuko2 prep. beside, near: kwatuko a mukwakwa, near the road.
tuku, n. food from the previous harvest: Luna, lu sa ca mbonyi ya tuku; we
are still eating last year's maize.
tuku-bakebo, idiom. exp. Luyana: let us pull together. cf. -tukuongote.
tukufala (tukufezi) v.i. to be worried; to be in pain. der. tukufalo. rel.
(passive form with active meaning) -tukufalelwa (tukufa-lezwi) to desire
ardently to do something: U tukufalezwi ku feza musebezi wa hae, he is
very anxious to finish his work. syn. -kalahalelwa.
tukufalo, n. worry, pain. (from: -tukufala).
-tukufaza (tukufalize) v.t. to worry, to torment, to tease. der. mutukufazi,
tukufazo. syn. -kataza, -shupa. swenya rel. -tukufaleza (tukufale-lize) to
worry for a reason: U ni tukufaleza–i? why are you worrying me? rec. -
tukufazana (tukufazani) to grieve each other. ref. -itukufaza
(itukufalize) as rec.
tukufazo, n. torment, teasing. (from: -tukufaza).
-tukulal (tukukile) v.i. to become possessed by a spirit to be in a trance
fig. to crave for something. caus. -tukukisa (tukukisize) to cause to ~.
ref. -itukukisa (itukukisize) to pretend to be possessed by a spirit
-tukuka2 (tukukile) v.i. to come out; to be pulled out, extracted, uprooted.
syn. -kumuha, nyukuka.
-tukulal (tukuzi) v.t. Luvale. to kill in some obscure way, by taking the
person's soul out of his body (witchcraft). der. mutukule. syn. -hola, -
yomona. fig. to follow a craving desire. ref. -itukulisa (titukulisize) to
cause oneself to be be-witched.
-tukula2 (tukuzi) v.t. to sift kaffir-corn by giving a circular movement to
the sieve. der. mutukuli, situkuliso, matuka, mutukulelo. rel. -tukulela
(tukulezi) to~ for some-one. caus. -tukulisa (tukulisize) to help or to
order to ~. stat. -tukuleha (tukulehile) to be able to be sifted easily.
int. -tukulelela (tukulelezi) to sift the whole lot.
tukuluho, n. frcedom, emancipation, independence, liberty. (from: -lukuluha).
tukululo, n. act of setting free, of giving independence. (from: -lukulula).
-tukumana (tukumani) v.i. to sit down listlessly, dispiritedly. caus. -
tukumanisa (tukumanisize) to cause to ~.
tukuongote, idiom. exp. Luyana: let us unite together. cf. tukubakebo.
-tukutal (tukutile) v.t. to rob, to sack, to ransack, to despoil, to plunder.
der. mutukuti, mutukutelo. syn. -uzwa, -falaza. rel. -tukutela (tukutezi)
to offend somebody by robbing another: Ba ni tukutezi mwan'a ka libyana za
hae, they have despoiled my child's personal effects. int. -tukutelela
(tukutelezi) to ~ completely: Ba tukutelezi ndu ya hae kaufela, they
completely ransacked his house.
-tukutelwa (tukutezwi) v.i. to sweat, to perspire. der. situkutuku. syn. -
fufulelwa.
tukwa, adj. dark-grey (male); (with reference to female: tukwana).
-tulal (tutile or tuzi) v.t. to over- come, to defeat, to conquer; to win.
der. mutuli, tulo. syn. -fenya. pass. -tulwa (tuswi) to be defeated,
conquered to be unable (to do something): Ni ka tulwa, ni palelwe ku pila
ni wena, haiba u zwela pili mwa mikwa ya hao; I shall no longer be able to
live with you if you continue to live such a life. rel. -tulela (tulezi)
to overcome for someone: Jesu u lu tulezi lifu, Jesus overcame death for
us. caus. -tulisa (tulisize) to help to ~. int. -tulelela (tulelezi) to ~
completely. -tula2 (tulile) v.t. to forge (metal). der. mutuli, butuli,
situliso, mutulelo. rel. -tulela (tulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -tulisa
(tulisize) to help to ~. stat. -tuleba (tulehile) to be forgeable: Butale
bo ha bu tulehi hande, this ore is not forgeable. int. -tulelela
(tulelezi) to forge all that has to be forged. ref. -itulela (itulezi) to
forge for oneself.
-tula3 (tulile) v.i. to jump. der. mutuli, situliso, mutulelo. fig. to
trespass, to transgress: Ku tula mulao ki ku ikenya mwa ziezi, to
trangress the law means getting into trouble. rel. -tulela (tulezi) to
jump over: Tauya tulela Munali, mi ya mu loba lizoho; the lion jumped over
Dr. Livingstone and broke his arm. caus. -tulisa (tulisize) to help to
jump fig. to cause to trespass. freq. -tulaka (tulakile) to jump with joy.
red. -tulaka-tulaka (tulaka-tulakile) as freq.
-tula4 (tulile) v.i. to be expensive, to be very dear. caus. -tulisa
(tulisize) to make something dearer, to raise the price of something.
-tulana (tulani) v.i. to collide; to clash. der. tulano. syn. -ngubana. rel.
-tulanela (tulanezi) to strike against each other somewhere, to come into
collision somewhere. caus. -tulanisa (tulanisize) or -tulanya (tulanyize)
to cause a collision; to mix things of different kinds. fig. to prepare a
cocktail.
tulano (li-) n. collision, clash (from: -tulana).
-tula-tula (tula-tulisize) to cause to ~: U ni tula-tulisa pilu, you make my
heart palpitate.
-tuleha (tulehile) v.t. to give a clyster, to give enema der. mutulehi,
situlehiso, tuleho. rel. -tulehela (tulehezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -
tulehisa (tulehisize) to help to ~.
tuleho (li-) n. clyster. (from: -tuleha).
-tulela (tulezi) v.t. to make a decision; (Litunga) to judge in favour of
someone.
-tulisa (tulisize) v.t. to manure a garden (by means of cattle). der.
matulisi, butulisi, cf. -nunisa. rel. -tuliseza (tuliselize) to ~ for
some-one. caus. -tulisisa (tulisisize) to order or to help to ~. int. -
tuliseleza (tuliselelize) to manure a whole garden. freq. -tulisanga to ~
habitually. red. -tulisa-tulisa (tulisa-tulisize) to leave cattle for a
short time in a garden for them to manure it. ref. -ituliseza
(ituliselize) to manure one's own garden by means of cattle.
tulo (li-) n. victory, conquest, triumph. (from: -tula).
-tulubana (tulubani or tulubanile) v.i. to show signs of weakness, of bad
health. syn. -tanya. cf. -fokola. caus. -tulubanisa (tulubanisize) to
cause to ~. ref. -itulubanya (itulubanyize) to show signs of personal
carelessness, leading to bad health.
-tuluka (tulukile) v.i. to come down, to descend, to dismount: N'a wezi
fafasi h'a li a tulukefa pizi ya hae, he fell when trying to dismount from
his horse. fig. to abdicate, to resign. rel. -tulukela (tulukezi)
(fafasi) to come down; to fall upon inadvertently: Kozi i lu tulukezi sina
lumonyi lwa pula, the danger fell upon us with the speed of lightning.
fig. to abdicate for a reason: U rulukezi bumaswe bwa hae, his
shortcomings compelled him to resign. caus. -tulukisa (tulukisize) to take
down: Ni sa tulukisa rnwan'a ka, pili a anye; I am first taking down my
child for I want him to suck. ref. -itulukisa (itulukisize) (oneself) to
get down from (somewhere).
-tulula (tuluzi) v.t. to take, to put down: I se li manzibwana, mu tulule
ndembela; lower the flag, for it is already late in the afternoon. der.
mutululi. cf. -paheka inv. fig. to expel to depose, to discharge. rel. -
tululela (tululezi) to ~ for some-one. caus. a) -tululisa (tululisize) to
help to ~; b) -tulusa (tulusize) to take down: Tulusa mwana, ni mu tubete;
put the child down, I want to kiss him.
tululi, adj. black with white spots (male); (with reference to female:
tuluzana).
tuluma (li-) n. very large earthen pot. syn. ntuluma. cf. ntozi.
-tulumuka (tulumukile) v.i. to be raised (voice, sound etc.): Linzwi la hae
li tulumukiie hahulu ka buhali, he is raising his voice in anger. (lit:
his voice goes up with anger). Ni utwile maoma a tulumuka kwa Lealui
 kacenu, I heard the maoma sounding in Lealui today. -tulumuna (tulumuzi)
v.t. to beat drums energetically. syn. -liza.
-tulyama (tulyami or tulyamile) v.i. to enter the water (people, cattle,
etc.) syn. -ombama, -mbwambwama.
tulyeka (tulyekile) v.t. to drive into water (cattle, etc.).
-tuma1 (tumile) v.i. to be well-known, noted, famed, renowned der. butumo.
rel. -tumela (tumezi) to be well-known (for): U tumezifa ku bulaya tau, he
owes his repu-tation to the lion he killed. caus. -tumisa (tumisize) to
make known, to publicise. ref. -itumisa (itumisize) to boast, to blow
one's own trumpet.
-tuma2 (tumile) v.t. Luyana. to send. der. numwana. syn. -luma.
tumana, interj. serving to underline a sentence: Ba nifile ni na kacenu,
tumana wena ba ku file mabani; I had my share today, but don't look
surprised for you had yours yesterday.
-tumba (tumbile) v.i. to swell, to bulge; to begin to ripen (abscess, etc.
caus. -tumbisa (tumbisize) to cause to ~.
-tumbeka (tumbekile) v.t.to burn, to set afire, to set ablaze. der.
mutumbeki, litumbekela. syn. -cisa, -nungeka. rel. -tumbekela (tumbekezi)
to harm someone by setting some-thing ablaze (house, yard, etc.). caus. -
tumbekisa (tumbekisize) to cause to ~. int. -tumbekelela (tumbekelezi) to
burn completely.
-tumbuka (tumbukile) v.i. to burn, to be on fire, to be alight. caus. -
tumbukisa (tumbukisize) to cause to ~. (see: -tumbula1).
-tumbula1 (tumbuzi) v.t. to light (a fire, a lamp, a candle, etc.) der.
mutumbuli, situmbuliso, mutumbulelo. syn. -yakisa. rel. -tumbulela
(tumbulezi) to light for someone. caus. -tumbulisa (tumbulisize) to help
or to order to make fire. ref. -itumbulela (itumbulezi) to light (a fire)
for oneself. fig. exp: Ku itumbulela mulilofa toho, to heap coals of fire
on one's head.

-tumbula2 (tumbuzi) v.t. to castrate, to emasculate, to geld der. mutumbuli,

situmbuliso, mutumbulelo. syn. -fahula. caus. -tumbulisa (tumbulisize) to
help to ~.
tumbulumbulu, n. pl. very worrying small flies lodging themselves in eyes and
ears; kind of honey-flies.
-tumbwela (tumwezi) v.i. to quiver, to shiver (only used to express a nervous
momentary quivering of the skin).
-tumbwiliketa (tumbwiliketite) v.i. to express one's joy by saying tumbwili-
tumbwili when making a first catch, etc. (fish, wild fruit, etc .).
tumelelano (li-) n. agrcement, contract, mutual undertaking, private
understanding; negotiation; treaty. (from: -lumela rec.
tumelelo (li-) n. permission, consent (from: -lumela rel.
tumelisano (li-) n. mutual greeting (from: -lumelisa rec.
tumeliso (li-) n. salutation, greeting. (from: -lumelisa). tumelo, n. faith,
belief, creed; con-sent, approval. (from: -lumela).
tumo1¼ (li-) n. bridie. (from: -luma).
tumo2 n. biting (from: -luma).
tumo3, n. sending (from: -luma).
-tumpwikela (tumpwikezi) v.i. to fall into water. caus. -tumwikelisa
(tumpwikelisize) or -tumpwikeza (tumpwikelize) to cause to ~.
-tumuka (tumukile) v.i. to emerge. cf. -cimbuka, -yuyuka. fig. to come out
(hidden matters, etc.) rel. -tumukela (tumukezi) to emerge somewhere: Kubu
ne tumukezi hahulu fakaufi ni mukolo wa luna mabani, a hippopotamus
emerged very close to our canoe yesterday. caus. -tumukisa (tumukisize) or
-tumusa (tumusize) to cause to emerge, to bring out of water.
-tumununa (tumunuzi) v.t. to accuse someone in front of many. syn. -
tungumuna, -zumununa. cf. -tubulula.
-tumusa (tumusize) v.t. (ku ~ linzwi) to raise the voice. cf. -shieka.
-tumuseza (tumuselize) v.t. to put a white bead-necklace on a pregnant woman
(as a protection against tabooed questions con-cerning her pregnancy,
questions which might harm her if asked by people unaware of her
condition), to declare a woman pregnant officially in order to avoid
embarrassing questions.
tuna, adj. large, big, great, huge; spacious; important, considerable.
tunango, n. pl. details: Taba ya hae ba i ile mwa tunango twa yona kaufela,
mi ba i pumbuzi; they went into all the details of his case and brought
everything out into the open.
-tundaela (tundaezi) v.i. to swing one's shoulders when walking (mostly in
order to make oneself admired). der. mutundaelelo.
-tundamena (tundamezi) v.t. to persist, to persevere in doing something; to
try again; to go after, to make after, to pursue, to harass: Ku maswe ku
tundamena musali a nz'a ku hana, it is a bad habit to persist against a
woman's will. der. mutundameni, mutundameno, tundamo. syn. -tiiseza, -
pihelela. caus. -tundamenisa (tundamenisize) to cause to ~.
tundameno or tundamo, n. persistence, perseverance firmness, steadiness
(from: -tundamena).
-tundana (tundani or tundanile) v.i. to resist very strongly: N'a tundana
knono ki kale ba mu hona; he tried to resist, but they have mastered him.
der. mutundani. cf. -ndundana. rel. -tundanela (tundanezi) to ~ for a
reason. caus. -tundanisa (tundanisize) to cause to ~. ref. -itundanisa
(itundanisize) to wrestle.
-tundubala (tundubezi or tundubalile) v.i. to be hunch-backed. der. situnda,
tundubala. syn. -kundumana.
tundubala, n. melody of a dance which follows immediately a girls' initiation
and during which initiated girls choose new names. (from: -tundubula
(tundubuzi) or -tuntubula (tuntubuzi) v.t. to undertake a very long
journey: Mwanana ya kumafa, ku tundubula musipili a li nosi! such a young
child, to undertake such a long trip alone! caus. -tundubulisa
(tundubulisize) to cause to ~. ref. -itundubulisa (itun-dubulisize) to
impose a long journey on oneself.
-tunduka (tundukile) v.i. to have the shoulders bent forward. syn. -tundwala.
-tunduluka (tundulukile) v.i. to swell, to puff out (rice, etc.) to increase
in volume; to go a long way (food). der. mutunda. fig. to refuse to
listen, to be obstinate. syn. -yuyuluka. rel. -tundulukela (tundulukezi)
fig. to resist someone: caus.
-tundulukisa (tundulukisize) to cause to ~. freq. -tundulukanga fig. to make
obstinacy a habit: Usike wa no tundulukelanga ba bahulu, ba ta ku nyisa;
stop obstinately resist-ing adults, or they will beat you.
tundumeka (tundumekile) v.t. to hold fast a large barbel fish, etc. which has
been speared. fig. to manage to live for a time with a wife whose
character caused her many previous divorces.
-tundwala (tundwalile) v.i. to have the shoulders bent forward. syn. -
tunduka.
-tunga (tungile) v.i. to be deep. der. butungi. caus. -tungisa (tungisize) to
deepen.
-tunga-tunga (tunga-tungile) v.i. to swing, to sway, to rock (canoe). der.
litunga-tunga-la-wato.
-tungeka (tungekile) v.t. to start making the roof of a hut (previously, this
was done before putting up the walls). der. mutungeki, situngu,
situngekiso. rel. -tungekela (tungekezi) to ~ for someone caus. -tungekisa
(tungekisize) to help to. ref. -itungekela (itunge-kezi) to ~ for oneself.
tungolo, n. pl. flexible and very re-sistant sticks used for the construction
of shelters, awnings, canopies, etc.
-tungula1 (tunguzi) v.i. to appear in the distance, very far away (village,
tree, etc.) cf. -tunumana.
-tungula2 (tunguzi) v.i. to crow (cock).
-tungula3 (tunguzi) v.t. to beat a small drum sikamwa. rel. -tungulela
(tungulezi) to ~ in rhythm with a larger one.
-tungumuna (tungumuzi) v.t. to point at or to call someone out of a group.
der. mutungumuni. cf. -tumununa.
-tungununa (tungunuzi) v.t. to solve a riddle der. mutungununi.
-tungwela (tungwezi) v.t. to stab (in water), with a second spear, a fish, an
otter, an iguana, etc. already caught.
-tunka (tunkile) v.t. to hurt a sore, a wound. stat. -tunkeha (tunkehile) to
be exposed to being hurt (sore, etc.) ref. -itunka (itunkile) to hurt
one's sore.
-tuntaela (tuntaezi) v.i. to walk clumsily. syn. -tukaela. rel. -
tuntae- lela (tuntaelezi) to ~ somewhere. caus. -tuntaelisa
(tuntaelisize) to cause to ~.
-tuntulika (tuntulikile) v.i. to toddle (as a child or a fat person). der.
mutuntuliki. cf. -tintilika. rel. -tuntulikela (tuntulikezi) to in a
certain direction. caus. -tuntulikisa (tuntu-likisize) to cause to ~. red.
-tuntu-lika-tuntulika (tuntulika-tuntuli-kile) to ~ here and there.
-tuntunya (tuntunyize) v.t. to hit without piercing right through (spear,
bullet, etc.).
-tunuh (tunuhile) or -tunuka (tunu-kile) v.i. to go away, to leave be-cause
of someone's ill-treatment. cf. -saba. rel. -tunuhela (tunuhezi) to take
refuge somewhere. caus. -tunuhisa (tunuhisize) to cause to ~. (see: -
tunula).
-tunula (tunuzi) v.t. to cause to leave through ill-treatment. rel. -tunulela
(tunulezi) to cause some-one to leave and take refuge some-where; to
offend someone by causing a person to go away: Ki mina bashemi ba ka mu ni
tunulezi musali; it is you, my parents, who caused my wife to leave me.
-tunumana1 (tunumani) v.i. to appear in the distance: Nalikwanda ki wani u
taha u tuxumani; look, there comes the Nalikwanda cf. -tungula. fig. to
run swiftly.
-tunumana2 (tunumani or tunuma-nine) v.i. to die suddenly, unexpec-tedly; to
fall dead (as a large animal killed in hunting). der. mu-tunumaneno. syn.
-shwa, -timela, etc.
-tunumeka (tunumekile) v.t. to kill: Ki kale a tueumeka tou ka tobolo ye
tuna, he has just killed an elephant with a rifle. syn. -bulaya.
-tunya1 (tunyize) v.i. to burst, to ex-plode, to blow up. caus. -
tunyisa (tunyisize) to cause to ~; to shoot, to fire a gun.
-tunya2 (tunyize) v.t. to kill (with fire-arms): Ba u ni kataza ni ta ku
tunya ka tobolo, if you torment me I shall kill you with a gun. syn. -
kunupa.
-tunya3 (tunyize)v.i. to rise (dust, smoke, vapour). cf. -tushana. Musi--o-
tunya, the Victoria Falls (lit: the smoke that rises). caus. -tunyisa
(tunyisize) to cause to ~. rel. -tu-nyiseza (tunyiselize) to inconveni-
ence someone by causing dust, etc. to rise: Zwenila, mu ni tunyi-seza
maluli; get away, you are making dust.
-tunya4 (tunyize) v.t. to grow (white-hair): Kacenu s'a hulile, mane s'a
tunya limbi; he is getting old, his hair is turning grcy caus. -tunyisa
(tunyisize) to cause to ~.
tunyanyu, n. pl. tip of the toes. syn. Iinyanyu: ku zamaya ka tunyanyu, to
tiptoe. (from: -nyanyuka).
tunyi! interj. used with plural: Mina banana tunyi! hey you children! cf.
tuwe!
tupa (li-) n. rod, wand; twig, stick.
-tupanya (tupanyize) v.t. to waste; to scatter; to misuse; to squander. der.
mutupanyi. cf. -sinya. rel. -tu-panyeza (tupanyelize) to squander
somebody's goods, etc. caus. -tu-panyisa (tupanyisize) to cause to
~. int. -tupanyeleza (tupanyelelize) to ~ completely.
-tupela (tupezi) v.t. to add too much water to a drink (beer, etc.): Buc-wala
bo, bu utwahala buhali, kono ba bu tupezi mezi a manata; this is strong
beer, but they added too much water to it.
-tupumuka (tupumukile) v.i. to come out (as sour milk out of a ca-labash).
der. mutuputupu. cf. -tu-putka.

-tupumuna (tupumuzi) v.t. to pour out (as sour milk out of a calabash; as
serious matter or pus out of an abscess, etc.). rel. -tupumunela
(tupununezi) to ~ into or for. caus.-tupumunisa (tupumunisize) to cause to
~. int. -tupumunelela (tupumunelezi) to ~ the whole contents.
-tuputuka (tuputukile) v.i. to come out in great quantity or numbers as
serous matter out of a sore; as people out of a gathering. etc.) cf. -
caputuka.
-tuputula (tuputuzi) v.t. to press out (as pus out of an abscess).
-tupwaeta (tupwaetile or tupwaetite) v.t. Luyana. to investigate in order to
ascertain something.
-tupwama (tupwami or tupwamile) v.i. to fall into a liquid (as a fly into
milk or water) and spoil it: Mu mamele mwanana yo u ta tupwama mwa silubu
sesi cisa, mind that child, he will fall into the drum of hot mash and
scald himself.
-tupweka (tupwekile) v.t. to put in water, to soak. syn. -ombeka, -putweka, -
mbwambweka. rel. -tupwekela (tupwekezi) to ~ for someone.
tupwi! ideoph. referring to the sound made by something talling into water.
(from: -tupwikela). -tupwikela (tupwikezi) v.i. to fall into water (an
object). caus. -tup-wikelisa (tupwikelisize) to cause to ~.
-tusa1 (tusize) v.t. to help, to aid, to assist; to oblige, to support, to
relieve; to give. der. mutusi, tuso, sit-usiso, tusano. rel. -tuseza
(tuselize) to oblige someone by helping somebody: Na ni ya kwa Mongu, mu
ni tuseze mwan'a ka sa ku ca; as I am going to Mongu, please see that my
child has something to eat. rec. -tusana (tusani) to help each other.
freq. -tusanga to ~ frequently. ref. -itusa (itusize) to help oneself (to
do anything), to relieve oneself, etc.
-tusa2 (tusize) v.t. (1) to remove, to take away, to carry away: Mu tuse
mikeke fa tafule, take the plates away from the table; (2) to subtract
(arithmetic): Haibe mu tusa 4 mwa 10, ku siala bukai? what remains if you
subtract 4 from l0? syn. -zwisa. rel. -tuseza (tuselize) to ~ for someone.
int. -tuseleza (tuselelize) to remove completely.
tusano (li-) n. mutual help. (from: -tusa1).
-tuseha (tusehile) v.i. to recover, to get better, to convalesce, to
recuperate. cf. -fola.
ushambwe, n. pl. tricks to make people laugh. (from: -shambweka).
-tushana (tushani) v.i. to rise up (smoke). syn. -twishana. cf. -tunya.
tuso (li-) n. help, assistance, aid; favour, service; use: Ku bilaela u sa
liki, ha ku na tuso; to complain without trying to do is of no use. (from:
-tusa1).
-tusuka (tusukile) v.i. to come out (as soil from a mole-hill, or pus from an
abscess). freq. -tusauka (tusaukile) to ~ in many places.
-tusula (tusuzi) v.t. to push up (as a mole making its hill).
-tuta1 (tutile) v.t. to filter, to strain: ku tuta bucwala, to filter beer.
der. mututi, matuto, situtiso, bututi. rel. -tutela (tutezi) to ~ for
someone. caus. -tutisa (tutisize) to order or to help to ~. stat. -tuteha
(tutehile) to be fit, for filtering, for straining. int. -tutelela
 (tutelezi) to ~ the whole lot. inv. -tutulula (tutuluzi) to filter for the
second time. ref. -itutela (itutezi) to ~ for oneself.
-tuta2 (tutile) v.i. & v.t. (1) to change one's residence, to move from
one place to another, to shift: Ba tutile nohola ku ya kwa Lwena, they
moved to the Lwena last year (2) to move, to remove, to carry things from
one place to another: Ba palezwi ku tuta libyana kaufela, they have not
been able to remove all the goods. der. mututi, mututo. cf. -shimbuluka.
rel. -tutela (tutezi) to ~ somewhere. caus. -tutisa (tutisize) to help or
order to ~. int. -tutelela (tutelezi) to change one's residence for good.
red. -tuta-tuta (tuta-tutile) to change one's residence often to shift
frequently
-tuta3 (tutilej v.i. to increase in volume or quantity: Laisi i tuta hahulu
ha u ka i apea ka mezi a likani, rice expands considerably when you cook
it in the proper quantity of water. der. situtiso. rel. -tutela (tutezi)
fig. (situation or position) to grow better or worse. idiom. exp: Lifasi
li mu tutezi, everybody has turned against him. Bufumu bu mu tutezi, his
wealth has increased. caus. -tutisa (tutisize) to cause to ~.
-tutana (tutani) v.i. to move in great numbers (people). rel. -tutanela
(tutanezi) to ~ towards.
tuto (li-) n. Iesson, teaching, sermon; education, culture. (from; -luta).
tutu, n. goods, property, belongings; houschold furniture; luggage, baggage.
-tutubala (tutubezi or tutubalile) v.i. to die, to expire, to pass away. syn.
-shwa, -timela, -tokwahala, -sinyeha, -lateha, -tunumana.
-tutubaza (tutubalize) v.t. to cause the death of someone; to kill. syn. -
bulaya.
-tutubuluha (tutubuluhile) v.i. Sotho. to open one's eyes. (rare)
-tutula (tutuzi) v.t. to shake off dust. der. mututuli, situtuliso. cf. -
fufula. fig. to detail: ku tutula litaba, to ex-plain things in great
detail. rel. -tutuela (tutulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -tutulisa
(tutulisize) to help to ~. stat. -tutuleha (tutulehile) to fall (leaves)
(see: -tutuleha). int. -tutulelela (tutulelezi) to shake off dust
completely. ref. -itutula (itutuzi) to shake off dust from onets clothes.
-tutuleha (tutulehile) v.i. to fall down (leaves). fig. to become dis-
persed: Batu ba tutulehile mwa Kuta, hakuna ni yo mukana ya siezi: the
people have all dispersed from the Court, and there is not a single man
left behind. rel. -tutulehela (tutulehezi) to fall in or upon: Matali a
tutulehezi mwa lapa, leaves have fallen into the yard. caus. -tutulehisa
(tutulehisize) to cause to ~.
-tutuluka (tutulukile) v.i. to have an eruption med. cf. -tubuka. caus. -
tutulukisa (tutulukisize) to cause an eruption, a rash on the skin.
-tutulula1 (tutuluzi) v.t. to pull a rope (tug-of-war).
-tutulula2 (tutuluzi) v.t. to choose, to take out of many; to buy a lot of
things: U il'o tutulula sintolo kaufela, he emptied the whole store. int.
-tutululelela (tutululelezi) to buy the whole lot.
tutuma (li-) n. heap of earth, artificial mound.
-tutuma (tutumile) v.i. to tremble. to shiver (from fear, cold, etc.). der.
tutumelo. syn. -ngangama, -njanja. cf. -mbwembweta. caus. -tutumisa
(tutumisize) to cause to ~. -tutumbwa (tutumbwile) v.i. to walk proudly in
new clothes in order to attract attention.
tutumelo, n. trembling, shivering. (from -tutuma).
-tutumuka (tutumukile) v.i. to get warm (speaking of the sun): A{aliha ki a
mande ka afuluha lizazi ha li se li tutumukile, in winter it's better to
paddle when the sun has warmed up a bit.
tutwa (li-) n. giraffe.
tuu! interj. (ku li ~ ! se li ~ !) it is quiet. syn.: ka li nee! se li see!
tuu1 (li-) n. exit of a bow-net.
tuu2 (li-) n. kind of beans.
-tuuka (tuukile) v.i. (1) to disappear, to be exterminated. to become rare
(wild animals, birds, fish, etc. due to irresponsible hunting or fishing).
(2) to die (of many people): Bate ne ba tuukile hahulufa butuku bwa
nacinkwa, a lot of people had died during the small-pox epidemic. int. -
tuukelela (tuukelezi) to disappear completely, to become extinct.
-tuula (tuuzi) v.t. (1) to make disappear: Lifolofolo ba li tuuzi, they have
exterminated all the animals. (2) to cause death: Buloi be tuuzi bate,
sorcery has caused the death of many people.
-tuuma (tuumile) v.i. to boom like cataracts; to make a great noise (like
that of many people mourning together). cf. -cuuma.
-tuumuka (tuumukile) v.i. to grow in intensity (like the wailing of many
people mourning together).
tuuta, n. shyness, timidity (shown in refusing food when desiring it). syn.
makuku, macelatuko.
-tuwa1 (tuwile) v.i. to walk in deep water (as during the flood season). cf.
-paa.
-tuwa2 (tuwile) v.i. to weep, to mourn, to lament, to cry, to bewail. syn. -
lila.
tuwe! interj. you! (sing): Wena mute tuwe, u no utwa! you fool can't you
understand?
-tuweka (tuwekile) v.t. to take cattle across a river.
-tuyuka (tuyukile) v.i. to pop, to burst (as grains of corn puffing out in
hot ashes). der. matuyu-tuyu. freq. -tuyauka (tuyaukile) or -tuyoka
(tuyokile) same meaning.
-tuyula (tuyuzi) v.t. to thrash severely (with a whip or a rope). rel. -
tuyulela (tuyulezi) to ~ for someone. freq. -tuyaula (tuyauzi) to ~
repeatedly. rel. -tuyaulela (tuyaulezi) to ~ repeatedly for some reason:
Ba mu tuyaulezi bu-sholi bwa hae, they thrashed him severely because of
his habit of thieving. caus. -tuyaulisa (tuyaulisize) to cause to beat
repeatedly. rec. -tuyaulana (tuyaulani) to ~ each other repeatedly. ref. -
ituyaula (tituyauzi) as rec.
twaa! interj. expressing whiteness: Ha lo y'o zuha, be se be sire, se ka li
twaa! we got up, after dawn and the sun was clear and bright: I se li
munda, libala se it li twaa! the flood has come and the plain is already
white (reflexion of the sky in water.)
-twaela (twaezi) v.i. & v.t. to become accustomed, used to; to be in the
habit of (doing something); to make it one's practice to (do something);
to learn how to deal with (something): U twaezi ka zamaya ka mahutu, he is
accustomed to walking on foot. Ma mute yang ni twaezi bupilo bwa hae! oh,
I am used to the character of that man! der. twaelo, sitwaelelo, twaezo,
twaelano. cf. -lemala. rel. -twaelela (twaelezi) to become a friend of
someone. caus. -twaeza (twaelize) to accustom, to make familiar, to get
someone into the habit of doing something. rec. -twaelana (twaelani) to
become close friends. ref. -itwaelisa (itwae- lisize) or -itwaeza
(itwaelize) to make oneself used to, to accustom oneself to do something:
ka itwaeza bate, to make friends.
twaelano, n. friendship, familiarity; concord. (from: -twaela).
twaelo, n. habit, custom. syn. temalo. (from: -twaela).
twaezo, n. familiarisation; way in which a person makes someone accustomed to
something or familiar to someone.
twahako (li-) n. repeated insult. (from: -lwaha).
-twaleta (twaletite) v.t. to carry or to send goods ahead; to precede the
Litunga whenever he leaves the palace for the Court. der. mutwaleti. ref.
-itwaleta (itwaletite) to go ahead of others.
-twanga (twangile) v.i. to pride oneself on something; to boast of one's
exploits, to be proud or arro-gant syn. -ikuhumusa, -ikunga. cf. -inuneka.
rel. -twangela (twangezi) to be proud with the intention to belittle
 someone; to be arrogant to someone; to refuse to submit to or to obey
someone: Na, ha ni lati mute ya ni twangela; I certainly do not like
someone who is arrogant with me. caus. -twangisa (twangi- size) to cause
to ~.
twani (li-) n. kind of lynx.
twano (li-) n. fighting. (from: -lwana).
-tweka (twekile) v.i. Sotho. to be clean, to be holy (rare).
-twela (twezi) v.t. to spy, to reconnoitre. der. litwela, butwela. cf. -
shoka, -nangela.
twetu! interj. expressing cleanliness: Kwa toho ya hae ka li twetu, his head
has been completely shaved Libala li cite, li li twetu! the plain has been
burnt and is now completely clean! (from: -twetuka).
-twetuka (twetukile) v.i. to be completely clean. der. twetu!
-twetula (twetuzi) v.t. to cleanse thoroughly, to wipe thoroughly. cf. -
kenisa.
twi! interj. expressing the falling down of a body: A mu swala ka tata, mi a
mu Hi twifafasi; he held him firmly and knocked him down. cf. pu!
-twima (twimile) v.i. to be dis-pleased, to be vexed. cf. -nyema, -halifa.
caus. -twimisa (twimisize) to displease, to vex.
-twishana (twishani) v.i. see: -tushana.
U
U u, Pronounced as in 'true'. Occasionally, if followed by a, e or i, it is
pronounced as a 'w1 (e.i.: mualala mwalala; muenyi mwenyi, etc.). 'u',
when followed by 'o', retains its normal pronunciation, but sometimes the
letter is substituted by another 'o1 (i.e.: muokameli mookameli, etc.).
when two 'u's occur together, the normal vowel's sound is repeated: mauku.
u, pers. pron. subj. second and third person of the singular: you; he, she.
u, pron. sing. subj. and obj. of nouns (class: mu -mi) it: Museme wo u
lukilwe ki mani? by whom has this mat bten made? (lit: this mat (it) has
been made by whom?). Ki Mubita ya u lukile, it is Mubita who made it.
-ubela (ubezi) v.t. to build a dyke or a terrace to stop or to bridge water
in the flooded plain; to heap up ground in order to protect villages on
the plain against destruction caused by the flood: Suba sa Nani-kelako si
ubezwi ka 1905, the terrace of Nanikelako was made in 1905. der. muubeli,
suba, siubeliso. cf. -yumbela. rel. -ubelela (ubelezi) to ~ for someone
caus. -ubelisa (ubelisize) to help to ~.
ukama (ukami or ukamile) v.t. to fall upon (as a lion on its prey).
ukauke (bo-) n. kind of tree (its fruit is believed to protect against
miscarriage).
uke, n. see: buke.
-ukula (ukuzi) v.t. to skim (cream, fat, etc.). der. muukuli, siukuliso. fig.
to speak, leaving important matters in the dark: A ukula fela litaba za fa
halimu, a siya ze tuna; he revealed only trifling matters but hid the
important ones. rel.-ukulela (ukulezi) to ~ for some-one. caus. -ukulisa
(ukulisize) to help to ~. int. -ukulelela (ukule-lezi) to skim completely.
-ukumela (ukumezi) v.t. to peep at; to observe with curiosity: U sike ke wa
ukumela batufa lihaulo, do not peep at people through the window. der.
muukumeli. syn. -yunda. cf. -nangela. caus. -ukume-lisa (ukumelisize) to
cause to ~.
-ulula (uluzi) v.i. Luyana. to cause shivering (as winter wind).

-ululuka (ululukile) v.i. to become eroded.

-ululula (ululuzi) v.t. to erode; to take the plaster off a wall, etc.:
Likomu li ululuzi mikomena ya ka, the cattle trod upon and damaged my
garden-beds. fig. to cause the death of many people. rel.-ulululela
(ulululezi) to cause damage to someone's garden-beds by treading on them
caus. -ululu-lisa (ulululisize) to cause to ~. int. -ulululelela
(ulululelezi) to destroy completely by treading upon.
-ulumana (ulumani) v.i. to muse, to remain silent, quiet. syn. -ulwala. cf. -
kutumana.
-ulumuka (ulumukile) v.i. to run together (speaking of many people). der.
suulu-ulu, suulumuko. rel. -ulumukela (ulumukezi) to ~ in a certain
direction. caus. -ulumukisa (ulumukisize) to cause to ~.
-ulusa (ulusize) v.t. to winnow away (chaff). der. muulusi. fig. to reveal
secrets; to slander; to vilify a benefactor. rel. -uluseza (uluselize) to
~ for someone.
-uluta (ulutile) v.i. to move about (people in a large gathering). der.
liuluta. syn. -nyewa-nyewa.
uluu! interj. expressing malediction.
ulwala (ulwalile) v.i. to keep silent, to keep quiet. syn. -ulumana cf. -
kutumana.
-uma (umile) v.t. to threaten, to menace. caus. -umisa (umisize) to cause
someone to ~.
-uma-uma (uma-umile) v.t. (1) to speak, feigning ignorance. (2) to start a
rumour going. caus. -uma-umisa (uma-umisize) to cause to ~: Sesi ku uma-
umisa cwana ki sika mani, kiiii ha u sa buleli niti? Why don't you say the
truth, instead of leaving in the dark something you know !
-umba (umbile) v.t. to build a shelter (with mats, grass, etc.) der. muumbi,
muumbo, siumbiso. fig. to surround, to fence in, to encircle an important
person in order to see him rel. -umbela (umbezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -
umbisa (umbisize) to help to ~. int. -umbelela (umbelezi) to complete the
building of a shelter. inv. -umbulula (umbuluzi) to destroy a shelter.
ref. -ikumbela (ikumbezi) to build one-self a shelter.
-umbuka (umbukile) to be higher, taller than others: Komu ya ka i umbukile
likomu kaufela mwa muiaka, my cow stands higher than any other in the
kraal.
-umbuna (umbunine) v.i. to make noise in speaking (of people bting too far
away to be understood). der. maumbunwa.
-umbungana (umbungani) v.i. to sit silently showing a sulky face.
-umbwaeta (umbwaetite) v.t. to play a soft melody on a silimba.
-umela (umezi) v.t. to ferment becr. der. muumeli, mumela. rel. -umelela
(umelezi) to ~ for someone.
-umuka (umukile) v.i. Luyana. to be weaned. cf. -kwa.
-umuna (umuzi) v.t. Luyana. to wean cf. -kwa caus. caus. -umunisa (umunisize)
to cause to ~: Kini sesi ku umunisize mbututu ye nyi-nyani cwana? what
gave you the idea of weaning such a small baby?
-unda1 (undile) v.i. (1) to disappear (as the trace of a wound or a track or
a trail on the ground). (2) to burn out (fire); to fade, to grow dim
(colours). (3) to near one's end (old person).
-unda2 (undile) v.i. to keep still in order not to be seen. cf. -ipata. rel.

-undela (undezi) to ~ with a definite intention: Mutu yani u undezini fani?

why is that man keeping still over there?
undi-wa-nyangela, n. Luyana. multitude, large crowd. ef. mukumbi.
-undula (unduzi) v.t. to chase away, to drive away, to expel; to dismiss, to
discharge, to sack. syn. -lundula, -leleka, -zwisa, -undumisa.
-undumana (undumani) v.i. to sit by oneself, to do nothing. syn. -itulela, -
nontomana.
-undumisa (undumisize) v.t. to chase away, to drive away, to expel; to
dismiss, to discharge. syn. -undula, -lundula, -leleka, -zwisa.
-undumuka (undumukile) v.i. to disperse, to scatter (crowd). syn. -ungumuka,
-ndumuka, -ngumuka cf. -hasana.
-undumuna (undumuzi) v.t. to chase away, to drive away, to expel; to
discharge, to dismiss. syn. -undula, -undumisa.
-undungana (undungani) v.i. to be cross, angry.
-undunganya (undunganyize) v.t. to annoy, to worry, to cause trouble, to
weary, to bother, to bore. der. muundunganyi. syn. -kataza, -shupa, -
filikanya. cf. -nyandisa. rel. -undunganyeza (undunganyelize) to act
against someone's will in disturbing people: U sike ke wa ni undunganyeza
bana ba ka mwa hae cwalo, do not cause such trouble to the people of my
village (otherwise they will all run away). caus.- undunganyisa
(undunganyisize) to cause to ~.
-unela (unezi) v.t. to deliver, to save, to rescue. der. muuneli. syn. -
lamulela, -yamunwena. caus. -unelisa (unelisize) to help to ~. rec. -
unelana (unelani) to help each other in hardship.

unga1 (ungile) v.t. to bring together, to gather together, to get together

(people, things, etc.): spec. exp: ku unga mulilo, to stir a fire. fig.
exp: ku unga maseho, to start a married life. (lit: to set out bricks
under the pot so that it may stand firmly). der. muungi. syn. -kopanya.
rel. -ungela (ungezi) to ~ for someone.
-unga2 (ungile) v.i. to buzz, to hum (insects). to hiss lightly (rain heard
in the distance) der. liunga-muwilu.
-ungeka (ungekile) v.t. to start, to begin a dance (by beating drums). der.
muungeki.
-unguka (ungukile) v.i. to come to an end (dance).
-ungula (unguzi) v.t. to bring to an end, to finish; to conclude, to settle.
der. mungulo. syn. -feza. caus. -ungulisa (ungulisize) to order to ~.
freq. -ungutuka (ungutukile) to disperse, to scatter (at the end of a
dance. syn. -undumuka).
-ungumana (ungumani or ungumanile) v.i. to sit silently . syn. -conkomana.
cf. -shushu man a , -tomana . rel. -ungumanela (ungumanezi) to sit
silently waiting for something. caus. -ungumanisa (ungumanisize) to cause
to ~. ref. -ikungumanena (ikungumanenine) to sit silently overcome by
hardship.
-ungumuka (ungumukile) v.i. see: -undumuka.
-ungumuna (ungumuzi) v.t. see: -undumuna.
-ungwatala (ungwatalile) or -ungwala (ungwalile) v.t. to slander, to
calumniate, to despise, to defame, to denigrate. syn. -seba, -sawana, -
tebeta.
unomwaha or unumwaha, adv. this year. (also: munumwaha).
-unsufala (unsufezi) v.i. Sotho. see: -nsufala.
-unsufaza (unsufalize) v.t. Sotho. see: -nsufaza.
unungu (li-) n. Luyana. cleverness, good knowledge: Luyana. exp: Unungu-wa-
mataba ni ku mutualeti, knowledge of a marshy spot enabling one to get
through without too many difficulties is obtained from the person in
front. fig. wisdom is obtained from those with experience.
-unyumana (unyumani) v.i. to take a rest and sleep a little while, to spend
the night somewhere on a journey.
upa, n. east, the orient. syn. mapazulelo a lizazi.
-usa (usize) v.t. to make designs with coloured strings on mats. der. yuso.
rel. -useza (uselize) to ~ for someone.
-uta1 (utile) v.t. to feed; to bring up: Ki na ya mu utile, kono h 'a na tuso
ni na; I brought him up, but he is of no help to me. der. muuti, siuto,
siutiso, muutelo. syn. -fepa. rel. -utela (utezi) to ~ on another's
behalf. caus. -utisa (utisize) to help to ~. stat. -uteha (utehile) to be
brought up: Mwanana yo u utehile hande, this child received a good
education. ref. a) ikuta (ikutile) to meet one's own needs. b) -ikutela
(ikutezi) to provide food for one's family.
-uta2 (utile) v.i. to become rusty; to get mouldy, musty. der. muuta. caus. -
utisa (utisize) to cause to ~. -utuka (utukile) v.i. Luyana. to run. syn.
-mata.
utungu, n. Luyana. swampy, marshy, boggy, spongy place.
-utwa (utwile) v.i. & v.t. to hear, to listen; to feel, to taste, to under-
stand: Wena kini ha u sa utwi? why can't you understand? spec. exp: ku
utwa butuku, to feel pain, to suffer (physically or mentally); ku utwa
mulao, to obey, ku sa utwa, to be obstinate. der. muutweli, muutwisisi,
kutwisiso, maikuto, buikuto, kutwano. cf. -teeleza. rel. -utwela (utwezi)
to hear for; to feel for; to taste for. spec. exp: ku utwela mutu butuku,
to sympathize with some-one rec. -utwelana butuku, to sym-pathize with
each other. caus. -utwisa (utwisize) to cause to ~. spec. exp: Ku utwisa
mutu butuku, to cause someone's sufferings. int. -utwelela (utwelezi) also
-utwelelela (utwelelezi) to understand thoroughly. int-stat. -utwahah
(utwahezi or utwahalile) to be under-standable: to be clear: kwa utwahala,
of course (it is understandable, evident, comprehensible). caus. -utwahaza
(utwahalize) to proclaim (to make known). rec.-utwana (utwani or utwanile)
to understand each other; to be intimate friends; rel. -utwanela
(utwanezi) to understand each other for some purpose. ref. -ikutwa
(ikutwile) to feel oneself in good health; rel. -ikutwela (ikutwezi) to
 pay attention to, to pay heed to, to take notice of; caus. -ikutwisa
(ikutwisize) to taste: ku ikutwisa ze munati, to enjoy good things.
-utwahala (utwahalile) sce: -utwa int. -stat.
-utwisisa (utwisisize) to understand thoroughly.
uwi, n. Luyana. darkness: Lu inzi mwa uwi, we are in darknesss fig.
ignorance.
-uya (uyile) v.t. Luyana. to gather natural 'products1 (fish, wild fruit,
etc.) der. suyelelo. syn. -sela. cf. -taama.
uzwa (uzwize) v.t. to steal, to thieve, to burgle, to rob. der. muuzwi,
meuzwezo. rel. -uzweza (uzwelize) (1) to steal from a person: Ba mu uzwelize
libyana za hae, they stole his personal effects, (2) to steal for someone: U
uzwelize bana ba hae lico, she stole food for her children. caus. -uzwisa
(uzwisize) to accuse of theft: Ku maswe ku uzwisa mutu u sika mu swala, it is
a bad habit to accuse a person of theft before you have evidence of his
culpability. int. -uzweleleza (uzwelelelize) to steal everything, leaving
nothing behind. ref. -ikuzweza (ikuzwelize) to steal for one-self.
V
V, v. Pronounced as in English.
veine, n. Eng. wine.
viki (li-) n. Eng. week. syn. sunda.
viniga, n. Ena.. vinegar.
vwinyuka (vwinyukile) Toka-Leya to turn back, to look behind suddenly. cf. -
heta, -temuna.
W
W, w Pronounces as in English.
wa1 pers. pron. subj. 2nd and 3rd person of the singular (with a verb having
no object or having a simple pronoun as object): you he, she: Wa bona, you
see; Wa ba bona, you see them; Wa zamaya, he is leaving; Wa mu hupula, she
remembers him.
wa2 pron. subj. (class: mu-ba and mu-mi) used when the verb has no object or
no other object except a simple pronoun: Musizana wa tusa, the girl she
helps; Mulilo wa ni futumaza. the fire (it) warms me.
wa3 poss. part. (class mu-ba and mu-mi): Ki mutu wa Mulena, he is a servant
of the Litunga Museme wa hae u maswe, his mat is in bad condition
-wa4 (wile) v.i. to fall, to tumble. der. siwiso, siwela. fig. to agree, to
ac-quiesce, to assent; to be convinced: U wile, ha sa na z'a bulela; he is
convinced, and has no more to say. spec. exp: ku wa mapo, tol give up; ku
wa maye, to rest when I out of breath. rel. -wela (wezi) to fall upon, to
fall into: U wezwi ki lihalimu, he was struck by lightning. caus. -wisa
(wisize) to make fall syn. -bita. fig. to persuade, to convince. rel. -
wiseza (wiselize) to make fall in. fig. exp: ku wiseza taba likamba, to
come to a decision. int. -welela (welezi) to completely fall down. fig. to
be entirely convinced. rec. -welana (welani) to wrestle. ref. -ikwisa
(ikwisize) to let oneself fall down to make each other fall down. idiom.
exp: Kota ye mezi ha i ikweli, a person strong enough to look after
himself will not die of hunger. (lit: a young and strong tree does not
easily fall down.
-waba (wabile) v.i. Luyana. to be very glad, happy, joyful. syn. -nya-kalala,
-tangalala.
-wabelwa (wabezwi) v.i. Luyana. as -waba.
-wakaela (wakaezi) v.i. to go from place to place begging, or without
purpose. syn. -wakasha2
-waskasha1 (wakashile) v.i. to rustle (maize leaves, etc.).
-wakasha2 (wakashile) v.i. as -wakaela.
-wala-wala (wala-walile) v.i. to boil (speaking of relish in a small pot).
wale, dem. pron. (class: mu-mi) 4th degree: that over there: Mushitu wale
u maswe, that forest over there is bad (full of wild beasts).
wani, dem. pron. (class: mu-mi) 3rd degree: that: Muzauli wani u na ni muluti
o munde, that muzauli tree has a very cool (good) shade.
-wauka (waukile) v.i. to become of greyish appearance. (this verb expresses
the change appearing in the colour of the skin due to dust, sickness or
old age). caus. -waukisa (waukisize) to cause to ~.
-wawaila (wawailile) v.i. see: -–wanwaila.
-wawata (wawatile) v.i. to be sour, to be acid, bitter, astringent: Lemune ya
wawata, lemon is sour. syn. -shakumuka.
-waya (waile) v.t. to fish with a fishing spear. der. muwayi, muwayo,
siwaiso. cf. -shumba. fig. to guess: Wena u wayafela, taba ye ha u i zibi;
you are just guessing and you don't know how the matter stands. rel. -
wayela (wayezi) to ~ for someone. fig. to express unfounded suppositions.
red. -waya-waya (waya-waile) fig. to try and try again, to try one's best.
ref. -ikwaela (ikwaezi) For -ikwayela (ikwayezi) to ~ for oneself.
waya (li- or ma-) n. Eng. wire.
wayalesi (li- or ma-) n. Eng. wireless set, radio, transistor radio.
wayama (bo-) n. idiot. (from: -yaama) .
-wayana (wayani or wayanile) v.i. to talk nonsense, to jabber, to speak
incoherently. der. siwayani. syn. -ngayana, -yabana, -yambutuka.
-wekuma (wekumile) v.i. to be blown up (as fire) by wind, to be red hot (as
embers), to burn fiercely. syn. -eya, -yekuma.
-welana (welani) v.i. to wrestle. (see -wa rec
-welela (welezi) v.i. to faint. cf. -omelela. -weluka (welukile) v.i. to come
up (through infiltration): Mezi a mataba a weluka kapili ka nako ya
matabula, it is during the rainy season that water comes up abundantly in
the marshes. der. li-weluwelu. syn. -sheluka. freq. -welauka (welaukile)
to gush, to spring out (of).
wenga, n. marriage feast. (see: -sinawenga).
wengu! interj. expressing the act of cutting off: A mu puma munwana a mu li
wengu! he cut off his finger! (from: -wengula).
-wengula (wenuzi) v.t. to cut off (something). cf. -puma. rel. -wengulela
(wengulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -wengulisa (wengulisize) to cause to
~.
-wenkula (wenkuzi) v.t. see: -wengula.
weta1 (bo-) n. Eng. waiter. (from: -weta2).

-weta2 (wetile) v.i. Eng. to work as a waiter, to serve at table. der. weta,
buweta. rel. -wetela (wetezi) to ~ for someone.
-wetuluka (wetulukile) v.i. to recover one's spirits after fainting to come
to.
-wetulula (wetuluzi) v.t. to help someone to recover his spirits after
swooning; fig. to give food to a very hungry person.
-wewema (wewemile) v.i. to shake with anger; to rave, to storm. rel.-wewemela
(wewemezi) to ~ against someone. caus. -wewemisa (wewemisize) to cause to
~.
-wewenya (wewenyize) v.t. to slander, to calumniate. syn. -kwekwenya -tafuna
fig.
-weya (weyile) v.i. to ruminate (animals).
-weyauka (weyaukile) v.i. to walk with difficulty being handicapped by a
disease of the hips.
-weyuka (weyukile) v.i. to become strained, sprained: ku weyuka mwa ngongo ya
lizoho, to sprain one's wrist; ku weyuka mulomo, to have a distorted mouth
(due to a stroke, etc.).
-weyula (weyuzi) v.t. to strain, to sprain.
wi! interj. expressing darkness: Ku li wi! it is very dark!
wiko, n. west, the occident, syn. ma-likelelo a lizazi.
wili (li- or ma-) n. Eng. wheel.
-wiliya (wiliyile) v.i. to go to and fro (many people, cattle, etc.). rel. -
wiliyela (wiliyezi) same meaning caus. -wiliisa (wiliisize) to cause to ~.
-wimuka (wimukile) or -wimukela (wimukezi) v.t. to beat, to strike.
-wina (winile) v.i. & v.t. Eng. to win. der. muwini. cf. -tula. rel. -winela
(winezi) to obtain for someone: U winezi bana ba hae naha, he obtained
much land for his children. caus. -winisa (winisize) to cause or to help
to ~. ref. -ikwinela (ikwinezi) to win for oneself: U ikwinezi mupuzo, he
won himself a prize.
-windimana (windimani) v.i. to run quickly. syn. -ndaamana, -landamana, -
ngwilimana, -ndimana.
windo (li- or ma-) n. Eng. window cf. lihaulo.

wo, dem. pron. (class: mu-mi) 1st and 2nd degrce: this, that: Museme wo ki wa
ka, this mat is mine.
wolupulete (li- or ma-) p. Eng. wall-plate (roof timber).
woo! interj. expressing wonder, mirth or derision (as when seeing someone
fall down, etc.).
wulukutu! interj. see: lukutu!
-wulumuka (wulumukile) v.i. see: ulumuka.
Y
Y. y, Pronounced as 'y' in 'yes . It never has the 'i' vowel sound.
ya1 (1) pron. subj. sing. (class: (i) -li). used when the verb has no object
or no other object than a simple pronoun, it: Nja ya ka ya ni utwa, my dog
(it) obeys me. (2) pron. subj. pl. (class: mu-mi) (when the verb has no
object); they: Miseme ya tusa, mats (they) are helpful.
ya2 (1) poss. part. sing. (class: (i) -li); of: Ndu ya bona, their house. (2)
poss. part. pl. (class: mu-mi); of: Minganda ya Nayuma i lendile hahulu,
Nayuma palm-trees rise very high (the palmtrees of Nayuma, etc.).
ya3 rel. poon. sing. (class: mu-ba) who, which, that: mubeleki ya sepahala, a
faithful servant (a servant who is faithful).
-ya4 (ile) v.i. to go, to leave. spec. exp: ku ya ku ile, for ever and ever.
cf. -zamaya. rel. -yela (yezi) to go to, to go for, to go on another's
behalf. spec. exp. ku yela seli sika, to know caus. -isa (isize) to take
to, to convey. int. -yelela (yelezi) to go for good. ref. a) -ikela
(ikezi) to go where one desires; b) -ikisa (ikisize) to go where one has
decided: U sike wa ikisa kwa tau yani, i ta y'o ku holofaza; do not go
after that lion, it will hurt you.
-yaama1 (yaamile) v.i. to gape at someone or something. der. wayama. rel. -
yaamela (yaamezi) same meaning. caus. -yaamisa (yaamisize) to cause to ~.
-yaam (yabanisize) to cause to ~.
-yabeka (yabekile) v.t. see: -nyabeka. -yabuka (yabukile) v.i. (1) to step
from the path, to leave the path. (2) to menstruate. syn. -keluha, -
fapuha. rel. -yabukela (yabukezi) to leave the path at (a place), to
deviate towards, to branch off. caus. -yabukisa (yabukisize) to cause to
~.
-yabula1 (yabuzi) v.t. to take off small pieces of meat or fish from a plate
of relish and eat it with buhobe.

-yabula2 (yabuzi) v.t. to lift up the fishing-line when angling (with or

without a catch) der. muyabulelo. cf. -shuta. fig. to arrest someone out
of many suspects.
-yaha (yahile) v.t. & v.i. (1) to build, to erect, to construct: Ndu ya ka ni
i yahilen ohola, I built my house last year. (2) to dwell, to reside: Mwa
soli sa Mbeta ku yahile batu ba babaiiata, many people live on Mbeta
Island. der. muyahi muya-hisi, muyaho, siyahisi, siyahiso, siyahululiso,
muyahelo, buyahi, cf. -nganga, -panga. rel. -yahela (yahezi) to build for
someone. caus. -yahisa (yahisize) to cause, to order or to help to build.
fig. to edify, to encourage virtuousness, to enlighten: Milao ye minde i
yahisa sicaba, good laws edify a nation. rec. -yahisana (yahisani or
yahisanile) to reside peacefully with others. stat. -yaheha (yahehile) to
be built in the right way: Ndu ya hae i yahehile hande, his house is very
well built. int. -yahelela (yahelezi) (1) to build all houses that have to
be built; (2) to reside somewhere for good: Yena u yahelezi ku ba ha m
'ahe; that man is staying with his mother's family permanently. inv. -
yahulula (yahuluzi) to pull down (a house, a kraal, etc.). (see: -
yahulula). ref.-icahela (icahezi) or -ikahela (ikahezi) to build for
oneself.
-yahulula (yahuluzi) v.t. to pull down (kraal, house, etc.) cf. -panga (inv.
rel. -yahululela (yahululezi) to ~ for someone caus. -yahululisa
(yahululisize) to cause, to order or to help to ~. int. -yahululelela
(yahululelezi) to ~ completely.
-yaiwa (yailwe) v.t. see: -yawa.
-yaka1 (yakile) v.i. & v.t. (always used with mulilo) (1) to catch fire (as
a house during a conflagration, clothes too near the fire, etc.). (2) to
take fire-brands, embers, from somebody's place in order to light one's
own fire. fig. exp: Hakuna ya yaka mulilo ku yena, mutu yo; nobody can
 approach that man, for he is a difficult man. rel. -yakela (yakezi) to for
someone. fig. -yakelana (yakelani) to be on friendly terms. caus. -yakisa
(yakisize) to light a fire; rel. -yakiseza (yakiselize) to send someone to
light fire on one's own or another's behalf: A ku y'o ni yakiseza kwai ya
ka ku bani ba ba zuba, ask those people smoking to light this cigarette
for me. rec. -yakisana (yaki-sani) fig. to live in concord, to care for
each other: Batu bani ha ba yakisani mulilo, those people are not on good
terms. rec. -yakanela (yakanezi) as -yakisana. ref. -icakela (icakezi) or
iyakela (iyakezi) to bring fire for oneself.
-yaka2 (yakile) v.t. ku yaka pula: to calm a thunder storm, to drive back
rain (action believed to be in the power of a rain-maker). der. muyaki,
siyakiso, muyakelo. rel. -yakela (yakezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -yakisa
(yakisize) to cause to ~.
-yakama (yakami or yakamile) v.i. to be quick-tempered, impuisive. rel. -
yakamela (yakamezi) to do something impuisively; to show a great interest
for something: Wena, pilu ya hao i yakamezi fela ku ca, you have only one
interest, food! caus. -yakamisa (yakamisize) to cause to ~.
-yakuka (yakukile) v.i. to stand up suddenly and go quickly. freq. -yakauka
(yakaukile) to ~ repeatedly.
-yakwana (yakwanile) v.t. to gather fire-wood. der. muyakwani. rel. -
yakwanela (yakwanezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -yakwanisa (yakwanisize) to
order or to help to ~. ref. -icakwanela (icakwanezi) or -iyakwanela
(iyakwanezi) to ~ for oneself.
-yala (yalile) v.t. to spread, to lay out (mat, bedding, etc.). der. muyali,
muyaleb, buyalo, siyalo. fig. to expose a case before some-one: ku yala
bupakifa pil'a kuta, to bear witness, to give evidence before the court.
rel. -yalela (yalezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -yalisa (yalisize) to help
to ~. int. -yalelela (yalelezi) to spread out all blankets, mats, etc.
inv. -yalula (yaluzi) to fold. (see: -yalula). ref.-icalela (icalezi) or -
iyalela (iyalezi) to prepare one's bedding.
-yalamana (yalamani) v.i. to be well built (only with reference to womens'
loins).
yale (1) dem. pron. sing. (class: mu-ba) 4th degrce; that over there:
Mushimani yale, u matela kai? where is that boy over there run-ning to?
(2) dem. pron. sing. (class: (i) -li) 4th degree that over there: Kota
yale i lengiiwe ki pula, that tree over there has been struck by
lightning.
-yalela (yalezi) v.t. (mostly used with malelo): ku yalela malelo: to build
small dykes with gaps there fishing-traps (bow-nets) can be set. der.
muyaleli, bualelo. rel. -yalelela (yalelezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -
yalelisa (yalelisize) to help to ~. int. -yalelelela (yalelelezi) to com-
plete the building of all the dykes of a fish-pond (before flood water
subsides). ref. -icalelela (icalelezi) or -iyalelela (iyalelezi) to build
one's own dyke in a fish-pond.
-yaleta (yaletite or yaletile) v.t. (1) to make a nest. (2) to put reeds in
a pot to prevent fish from burning (when preparing relish). der. siya-
leto, mayaleto, siyaletiso.
-yaluka (yalukile) v.i. to grow (animals): Likuhu za hae li yalukile hande,
his chickens have grown successfully. int. -yalukelela (yalukelezi) to
grow (the whole lot).
-yalula (yaluzi) v.t. to fold up onets bedding, mats, blankets, etc. der.
muyaluli. cf. -puta. fig. (1) to take eggs, birds out of the nest; (2) to
take (lions' cubs) outside the lair in order to teach (them).
-yamba (yambile) v.t. (1) to cast a net: ku yamba lituwa, to cast the large
net; (2) to surround (warrior-ants, etc.: Sului ne si lu yambile kacenu,
warrior-ants surrounded us today. der. muyambi, muyambisi, muyambelo,
buyambi. fig. to attract, to catch people (as a prostitute). rel. -yambela
 (yambezi) to cast a nest for someone. caus. -yambisa (yambisize) to help
to cast a net. inv. -yambula (yambuzi) to take a net out of water. (sce: -
yam-bula). ref. -icambela (icambezi) or iyambela (iyambezi) to fish for
oneself with net.
-yambaela (yambaezi) to wander about, to have no fixed dwelling-place. der.
muyambaeli. caus. -yambaelisa (yambaelisize) to cause to ~. ref. -
lcambaelela (icambaelezi) or -iyambaelela ,iyambaelezi) to flee away (a
person in difficulty, in distress).
-yambalakana (yambalakani or yambalakanile) v.i. to spread out (creepers,
etc.).
yambelwa (bo-) n. Luyana. a person unable to follow good advice; a strong-
headed person. (from: -amba).
-yambukela (yambukezi)v.i. to be infectious, contagious. catching (disease).
caus. -yambukisa (yambukisize) or -yambuseza (yambuselize) or -yambu,iseza
(yambukiselize) to infect someone, to communicate a contagious disease to
someone.
-yambula1 (yambuzi) v.t. to take a net out of water, to pull a net to the
shore. der. muyambuli. rel. -yambulela (yambulezi) to ~ for someone. caus.
-yambulisa (yambu-lisize) to help to ~. inv. -yambulula (yambuluzi) to
fold a net after fishing.
-yambula2 (yambuzi) v.t. Luyana. (1) to inherit the character of one's
parents; (2) to contract a contagious disease: U yambuzi butuku bwa
manansa ku mukete, he contracted syphilis from so-and-so.
-yambutuka (yambutukile) v.i. to speak at random, to jabber; to rave, to be
delirious; to have nightmares. der. muyambutuki. syn. -yawana. rel. -
yambutukela (yambu-tukezi) to speak at random to someone. caus. -
yambutukisa (yambutukisize) to cause to ~.
-yamunwena (yamunwe–i) v.t. to help someone to carry a heavy thing. fig. to
give a hand to some-one overburdened (whatever may be the kind of his
hardship). der. muyamunweni. syn. -tusa, -unela. cf. -lamulela.
-yamununa (yamunuzi) v.t. to pour water for the second, third etc. time into
a boiling pot of relish.
-yana (yanile) v.t. (1) to tip, to give a present to a dancer in order to
encourage him; (2) to give to people unwilling to show their gratitude.
der. muyani. rel. -yanela (yanezi) to give a present to a dancer on
someone's behalf.
-yanda (yandile) v.t. (1) to spread to expose meal in the sun in order to
dry it. (2) to stretch out one's legs, one's arms. syn. -yandalala.
-yandalala (yandalalile) v.i. to stretch out one's legs, one's arms. syn. -
yanda (2) rel. -yandalalela (yandalalezi) to ~ towards.
-yandinga (yandigingile) to stir food (meal, small fish, etc.) spread out in
the sun until it dries up. der. muyandingi, siyandingiso, muyan-dingelo.
rel. -yandingela (yanding-ezi) to ~ for someone.
yandi-ya-Nambwae, n. Luyana. reed mats specially made for the yard of the
Litunga's palace.
-yanduka (yandukile) v.i. to break out, to spread (fire): Mulilo u yandukile,
ni palezwi ku u tima ni li nosi, the fire spread, I couid not put it out
by myself. rel. -yandukela (yandukezi) to ~ somewhere: Mulilo u yandukezi
mwa soli sa Mulena, the fire broke out and reached the Litunga's island
(destroying everything). caus. -yanaukisa (yandukisize) to cause to ~.
-yanduluka (yandulukile) v.i. to dawn (the day): Ku se ku yandulukile, day is
already dawning. syn. -patalala, -sa. tig. to spread out (news, rumours,
etc.): Litaba za hae li ce li yandulukile, his case is already a matter of
common knowledge. caus. -yandulukisa (yandulukisize) fig. to cause the
spreading of news, rumours.
-yandulula (yanduluzi) v.t. to hold, well stretched out: Mu yandulule lisila,
lu bonefo li kuma; hold the material fully out, so that we may see its
length.
-yaneha (yanehile) v.t. to dry in the sun, to spread in the sun (blanketsz
clothes, food, etc.). der. muyanehi, siyanehelo, ntayaneheb. rel. -
yanehela (yanehezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -yanehisa (yanehisize) to
order or to help to ~. inv. -yanuna (yanuzi) to take out of the sun. sce:
-yanuna.
-yanga1 (yangile) v.t. to pluck fruit from a trce; to gather vegetables. der.
muyangi. cf. -koyola, -kulumuna, -yangula. rel. -yangela (yangezi) to ~
for someone. caus. -yangisa (yangisize) to help or to order to ~. int. -
yangelela (yangelezi) to pluck all the fruit from a trce. ref. -icangela
(icangezi) or-iyangela (iyangezi) to ~ for one-self.
-yanga2 (yangile) v.t. to abduct, to take someone's wife. der. muyangi.
-yangata (yangatile) v.t. to carry with both hands. rel. -yangatela
(yangatizi)
-yangela (yangezi) v.t. to take a piece of someone's clothes in order to
cause him harm through the aid of a witchdoctor. rel. -yangelela
(yangelezi) to ~ for someone.
-yangula (yanguzi) v.t. to pluck fruit from a tree. syn. -koyola -kulumuna.
cf. -yanga. rel. -yangulela (yangulezi) to ~ for someone: A ku y'o
yangulela munyan'a hao kwa mango, go and pluck some mang-oes for your
brother. caus. -yangulisa (yangulisize) to help to ~. int. -yangulelela
(yangulelezi) to pluck all the fruit from a tree. ref. -icangulela
(icangulezi) to ~ for oneself
-yangwela (yangwezi) v.t. to rescue, to deliver, to save; to release or
liberate anything caught by a crocodile, a lion, etc. Munna yo ya na ni
mwaa u yangwezi komu ya hae kwa tau, that brave man saved his cow from the
lion's mouth. syn.-lamulela. rel. -yangwelela (yangwelezi) to ~ for
someone. caus. - yangwelisa (yangwelisize) to help to ~.
yani, (1) dem. pron. sing. (class: mu-ba) 3rd degree: that: Mutu yani, wena u
mu boni lili? when did you see that man? (2) dem. pron. sing. (class (i) -
li) 3rd degrce; that: Nja yani i na ni lubilo, that dog is very swift.
-yanuna (yanuzi) v.t. to take out of the sun; to fold up things which had
been spread out. der. muya-nuni, siyanunelo. rel. -yanunela (yanunezi) to
~ for someone. caus. -yanunisa (yanunisize) to order or to help to ~.
-yapa (yapile) v.t. to relieve someone (of a burden, of a heavy work, etc.).
rec. -yapana (yapani or yapanile) to relieve each other in turn when
carrying a heavy load, etc. ref. -icapa (icapile) as rec.
yasee! excl. (used only in women's recitative songs sung to welcome the
Litunga).
-yata (yatile,. v.t. to bleed, to cut an artery (operation mostly performed
by African doctors to relieve someone from toothache eye troubles, etc.).
der. muyati, siyatiso, muyatelo. fig. to help to stop a little child
crying in giving him food. rel. -yatela (yatezi) to ~ on someone's behalf.
caus. -yatisa (yatisize) to cause to ~.
-yatanga (yatangile) v.i. to give orders, speaking loftily, aware of one's
dignity. syn. -tambwa, -yenanga.
yau! interj. expressing surprise at seeing clearly: Ha ni y'o liyau, se ni li
mwahal'a litou! before l had time to realize it, lwas already surrounded
by the elephants! (see: -yauka).
-yauka (yaukile) v.i. (1) to see clearly (after having been unable to do
so): Ha ni y'o yauka fa meto, na bona mbumbe ye tuna i ni talimezi, when I
was able to see clearly, a huge black cobra was staring at me. spec. exp:
Buloko bu ni yaukilefa meto cwale, I am fully awake and can see clearly
now. (2) to get dispersed (clouds): Kwa halimu ku se ku yaukile cwale, the
sky is clear now.
-yaula (yauzi) v.t. to foretell, to pro-phesy (competency~ capacity of
certain witchdoctors in the past). -yauluka (yaulukile) v.i. (1) to be
easily influenced, misled; to be pliable: Usike wayauluka ka mikwaya ba
bainwi, do not just follow others' habits without reflection; (2) to
frequently leave one's husband for another; (3) to leave a herd for
another (cattle). syn. -yembuluka. der. muyauluki, muyaululi, muyaululwa,
nyaulu. rel. -yaulukela (yau-lukezi) to leave one occupation for another:
U sike wa siya musebezi ku yaulukela lipapali, do not leave your work just
to run after amuse-ments. caus. -yaulukisa (yaulukisize) or -yaulula
(yauluzi) to influence someone in any way; to mislead. (see: -yaulula).
-yaulula (yauluzi) v.t. (1) to mislead, to influence someone in any way; (2)
to appropriate something: Ha ni zibi ya yauluzi mukekana wa ka, I don't
know who appropriated my dish. der. muyaululi. syn. -yembulula. rel. -
yaululela (yaululezi) to offend someone by secretly appro-priating
something belonging to him. ref. -icaululela (icaululezi) to appropriate
secretly for oneself things belonging to others.
-yawa (yawile) v.t. to suffer a loss, to be bereaved of. cf. -sotisa, -
kabelela. caus. -yawisa (yawisize) to cause to ~. spec. exp: ku
yawisa mutu bapilo bwa hae, to take someone's life (witchcraft). ref. -
icawisa (icawisize) to be responsible for one's own loss.
yawakala! ideioph. expressing the sound made by someone or something falling
down: H'afita a wela fafasi yawakala! when he arrived he suddenly fell
down.
-yawana (yawani or yawanile) v.i. to speak at random, to jabber; to rave, to
be delirious; to have nightmares. der. -siyawani. syn. -yambutuka, -
ngayana, -wayana. rel. -yawanela (yawanezi) to speak at random to someone.
caus. -yawanisa (yawanisize) to cause to jabber. ref. -icawanisa
(icawanisize) to feign deliriousness: Mutu yo u icawanisafela, u kona ku
lufa nitiya taba; this man makes a pretence of raving, but he can very
well show us the truth about this case.
-yaweka1 (yawekile) v.t. (1) to cover someone with a blanket, etc. (2) to put
a necklace round someone's neck: Musali yani u itwezi, bati, se ba mu
yawekile sifaha! that woman is pregnant, look they have put a necklace
round her neck!
-yaweka2 (yawekile) v.t. to cheat, to deceive. der. malyawe. syn. -puma, -
kwasheka, -onga, -pelemeka or -belemeka.
-yawela (yawezi) v.t. to weed (in gardens). syn. -tahula. cf. -sheula. rel. -
yawelela (yawelezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -yawelisa (yawelisize) to
order or to help to ~.
-yaya (yayile) v.t. to deny, to recant, to disaffirm, to retract, to abjure.
der. muyayalomo. rel. -yayela (yayezi) to offend someone by denying
something: Wena u yayezi musal'a hao litaba ka ku saba tolongo; you denied
your wife's de-claration for fear of prison. caus. - yayisa (yayisize) to
cause to ~. rec. -yayelana (yayelani) to accuse each other of denying
things. freq. -yayanga to ~ frequently.
-yayata (yayatile) v.i. to show one's dissatisfaction by speaking a lot
(children). rel. -yayatela (yayatezi) to bother someone by speaking a lot.
caus. -yayatisa (yayatisize) to cause to ~.
-yayatisa (yayatisize) v.t. to bring things unasked for: Kini wena ha u y'o
yayatisa mukeke o ni sika ku luma? why on earth are you bring-ing a dish I
did not ask for?
-yayuka (yayukile) v.i. to be scaled (fish).
-yayuka (yayukile) v.i. to be scaled (fish).
-yayula (yayuzi) v.t. to scale. der. muyayuli, mayayu, siyayuliso. rel. -
yayulela (yayulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -yayulisa (yayulisize) to help
to ~. int. -yayulelela (yayulelezi) to scale all the fish.
-yebuha (yebuhile) v.i. to come off (peel, onions's skin; paring of
vegetables; human skin, etc.).
-yebula (yebuzi) v.t. to peel, to skin (vegetables, fruit, etc.). der.
muyebuli, muyebulisi, sivebuliso, buikebuli. fig. to refuse to give. rel.
-yebulela (yebulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -yebulisa (yebulisize) to
help to ~. int. -yebulelela (yebulelezi) to ~ the whole lot. ref. -ikebula
(ikebuzi) or -icebula (icebuzi) to slough, to cast its skin (snake): Ni
fumani noha i nze i ikebula, I found a snake in the process of casting its
skin.
-yekuma (yekumile) v.i. to be fanned by wind (fire); to burn fiercely
(embers). der. mayeku-yeku. syn. -eya, -wekuma.
yela! interj. used to attract attention: hey! Yela, a mu sabe, nja
ye pulumuka ki yeo! hey, look out, there is a mad dog!
-yela-yela (yela-yelile) v.i. to wander about; to go here and there in search
of something. cf. -kwena-kwena. caus. -yela-yelisa (yela-yelisize) to
chase; to cause to wander about: Sesi mu yela-yelisa cwalo ki tala, it is
hunger that makes him wander about like this.
-yelana (yelani or yelanile) v.i. as -yela-yela.
-yelemba (yelembile) v.i. see: -elemba.
-yema (yemi or yemile) v.i. (1) to stand up, to rise to onets feet, to get
onto one's feet; (2) to be upright, to be vertical, perpendicular, plumb;
(3) to stop: Mota iyemi, the car has stopped. (4) to be stag-nant: U sike
wa nwa mezi a yemi, do not drink from stagnant water. spec. exp. (a) ku
yema ndangamwa, to stand and work without taking a rest; (b) ku yema
nonga, to stand straight as a pole; (c) Pula i yemi, there is a drought;
(d) ku yema mwa hae, to be pregnant (e) ku yema mutu maswe, to hate some-
one and criticize whatever he may do (good or bad); (f) ku yema mutu
kasumatondo, to have a grudge against someone. der. muyemeli, siyemo,
kemelo. rel. a) -yemela (yemezi) to wait for; to stand for, to defend, to
assist someone; b) -yemelela (yemelezi) to watch over (shepherd,
policeman. etc.) caus. -yemisa (yemisize) (1) to raise up, to lift up, to
hold up, to help to stand u p: ku yemisa musumo, to hold up a pole; ku
yemisa mukuli, to help a sick person to stand up; (2) to stop: ku yemisa
mota, to stop a car. rec. -yemelana (yemelani) to wait for each other, to
defend each other.

-yembana (yembani) v.i. to be always on the move, to go purposelessly from

place to place. der. muyembani. cf. -shulya-shulya. rel.
-yembanela (yembanezi) to look persistently for something or someone: Na ha
ni koni ku yembanela musali ya sa ni lati, I definitely cannot persist in
trying to marry a woman who does not love me. caus. -yembanisa
(yembanisize) to cause to ~.
-yembuluka (yembulukile)v.i. (1) to change one's mind easily, to be fickle,
to be pliable; to be easily influenced, misled. (2) to change frequently
one's husband or wife: Musali yani u yembulukafeela, ha si hanata a tiisa
manyalo; that woman never stays long with one husband. (3) to leave home
(dog): Nja ya ka i yembulukile ni naha, my dog has left for good. der.
nyembuluko, buembuluki. syn. -yauluka. rel. -yembulukela (yembulukezi) to
leave an occupation for another one, to change one plan for another, etc.:
Niha u ka pumiwa ki mutu, u sike wa siya musebzi wa hao ku yembulukela
kusili, even if you might be tempted by someone, do not leave your work
just to try to find another job somewhere else. caus. -yembulukisa
(yembulukisize) to cause to ~.
-yembulula (yembuluzi) v.t. (1) to influence someone in any way; to mislead;
(2) to appropriate something. syn. -yaulula. rel. -yembulela (yembululezi)
to offend someone by appropriating secretly some-thing belonging to him.
-yenanga (yenangile) v.i. to speak sloly and softly, to speak haughtily aware
of one's dignity. syn. -yatanga, -tambwa. rel. -yenangela (yenangezi) to ~
somewhere. caus. -yenangisa (yenangisize) to cause to ~.
Yenda, n. October. (see: kweli).
-yendama (yendami or yendamile) v.i. to be leaning on, against. der.
mayendameno, mayendamo. fig. to depend, to rely on someone
-yendamena (yendamezi) v.i. as -yendama.
-yendeka (yendekile) v.t. to lean something against (something): Yendeka
silabo fa lapa, lean the paddle against the fence. der. siyendekaminsi.
cf. -endeka. fig. to provide accommodation for a traveller. rel. -
yendekela (yendekezi) to ~ for someone. inv. -yendula (yenduzi) to take a
thing from where it was leaning. (see: -yendula).
-yenduka1 (yendukile) v.i. to cease leaning upon and fall down: Mabani ku
luna, malapa a manata a yendukile hahulu bakeinisa lona linangwa lani;
yesterday, many palisˆdes fell down in our village because of that
hurricane. caus. -yendukisa (yendukisize) to cause to fall down.
-yenduka2 (yendukile) v.i. to go downstream, to float downstream. der.
muenduko (see: -enduka).
-yenduka3 (yendukile) v.i. to be taken from a landing place by the wind, etc.
(canoe).
-yendula (yenduzi) v.t. to take a thing from where it was leaning: Ki mani ya
yenduzi lilumo la ka fa? who has removed my spear from this place?
-yenga (yengile) v.t. to give a smooth finish to wood-work with a knife, a
hatchet, etc. (spear handle, paddle, etc.). der. muyengi, siyengiso,
muyengelo. syn. -beha. fig. to refuse to give, to be avari-cious. rel. -
yengela (yengezi) to ~ for someone.
-yenga-yenga (yenga-yengile) v.i. to start raining. fig. exp: ku yenga-yenga
mioko, to be on the point of shedding tears cf. -cipita (see: -enga-enga).
caus. -yenga-yengisa (yenga-yengisize) fig. to cause someone to shed
tears: Se ne si ni yenga-yengisize mioko ki ku bona mw'a n'a nyandisezwa:
what made me ready to weep was to see how she was ill-treated.
-yengaeta (yengaetite) v.t. to display things meant to be carried unobserved.
(as -engaeta).
-yepa (yepile) v.t. to dig, to excavate, to scoop out earth. der. muyepi,
muyepisi, siyepiso, muyepelo. cf. -tokola. fig. (2) to run; (2) to beat,
to strike: rel. -yepela (yepezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -yepisa
(yepisize) to order or to help to ~. stat. -yepeha (yepehile) to be able
to be excavated: Ha ku yepehi hande bakeni sa mabu ku bulumuka, it is
difficult to scoop out earth because it is very crumbly. freq. -yepaka
(yepakile) fig. to strike repeatedly. inv. -yepulula (yepuluzi) to scoop
again earth out of hole, a canal dug previously, etc. red. -yepa-yepa
(yepa-yepile) to ~ slightly. ref. -ikepela (ikepezi) to ~ for oneself.
-yetela (yetezi) v.i. to breathe with difficulty, to be out of breath, to
gasp for breath (dogs). caus. -yetelisa (yetelisize) to cause to ~.
-yeuka (yeukile) v.i. to be raised by the wind (skirt, etc.).
-yeula (yeuzi) v.t. to raise up (skirt, dress, etc.).
-yeya (yeyile) v.i. Luyana. to meditate, to consider. der. mayeya. syn. -
hupula, -nahana.
-yeyanga (yeyangile) v.t. to eat bit by bit a large portion of food. syn. -
yeyenga.
-yeyauka (yeyaukile) v.i. to walk lightly and fast on a thick layer of grass
(litindi).
-yeyema (yeyemi or yeyemile) v.i. (1) to speak with difficulty or hesitation
because of fear or anger; (2) to show undue haste in speaking or doing
things. der. kayeye.
-yeyenga (yeyengile) v.t. as -yeyanga.
yo! dem. pron. sing. (class: mu-ba) 1st and 2nd degree; this, that: Musali yo
na mu ziba; I know that lady.
yo! adv. here, there: Ki na yo! here I am! Ha ba yo! they are not there! -
yobangela (yobangelile) v.i. to go hunting through a thickly grassed or
wooded country. rel. -yobangelela (yobangelezi) to ~ some-where: Kacenu mu
y'o yobangelela kai? where are you going to hunt today?
-yobila (yobilile) v.i. see: -cobila.
-yobola (yobozi) v.i. to take the name of an ancestor during a formal
occasion, a ritual dance, etc. der. mayobo. cf. -yola.
-yokoka (yokokile) v.i. (1) to come out of the fire unbroken (as ear-then
ware after firing): Lipiza za ka kaufela li yokokile hande kabakala mulilo
wa masu, all my pots came out unbroken for the firing was made with dry
cow-dung; (2) to remain unscathed after a trial by boiling water ordeal.
fig. to recover after a severe illness or a very great affliction.
-yokola (yokozi) v.t. to take out of the fire (maize ears, cassava roots,
earthen ware, red-hot iron when forging, etc.). der. siyokoliso. rel. -
yokolela (yokolezi) to ~ for some-one. caus. -yokolisa (yokolisize)
to help to ~. inv. -yokolola (yokolozi) to push embers aside in order to
take something out of the fire.
-yokomoka (yokomokile) v.i. to rise up suddenly and disappear. syn. -
pundumuka, -yokotoka.
-yokomona (yokomozi) v.t. to take by surprise, to frighten; to cause an
animal to bolt and disappear. syn. -pundumuna.
-yokomwena (yokomwezi) v.t. to inhale the vapour of medicinal boiling water
(African doctors' usual method of healing). syn. -yumena. cf. -olela.
-yokotoka (yokotokile) v.i. to be frightened, to suddenly rise up and
disappear. syn. -pundumuka, -yokomoka.
-yola (yolile) v.t. to succeed to the throne, to succeed to a dignity; to
inherit. der. coliso. cf. -shwana, -yobola. caus. -yolisa (yolisize) to
choose a successor to someone. fig. exp: ku yolisa linako ze sinye-hile,
to make up for wasted time.
-yomama (yomami or yomamile) v.i. to be inside a larger thing of the same
kind (as a small box inside a larger one or a small basket inside a larger
one). fig. to introduce oneself in a group of people (paddlers, etc.).
-yomeka (yomekile) v.t. to put something in a basket, a box, etc.: Mu yomeke
mbonyi yeo mwa sizuma, put that maize into the basket.
-yomona (yomozi) v.t. to kill in some obscure way, taking the person's soul
out of his body (witch-craft). syn. -hola, -tukula.
-yonga (yongile) v.i. to catch fire and burn completely; to die out (fire
wood). fig. (1) to get very thin (mostly after an iliness); (2) to die and
'disappear' without leaving any trace (sorcery). syn. -iconga. caus. -
yongisa (yongisize) to cause to ~: Banana ba yongisize likota kaufela
mabani; yesterday, the children let the logs burn through completely. fig.
Uyongisize lisika la baba ne ba mu toile kaufela, he made all the people
who hated him 'disappear'.
-yonga-yonga (yonga-yongile) v.t. to take many things for oneself with-out
discrimination: Mutu yo h 'a zibi ku keta, u yonga-yonga fela, that man
does not choose, he takes everything for himself indiscriminately; Yena
h'a zibi ku nyala basali ba bande, u yonga-yonga fela, he does not know
how to choose a good wife, he just marries any. der. -mayonga-yonga.
-yongola (yongozi) v.i. Mbunda. to speak. der. miyongo, kamuyongole. syn. -
bulela.
-yooya (yooyile) v.i. to be spacious (canoe, room, house, etc.).
yo-shoo! expression used by men in royal salutation indicating one's praise,
happiness and obedience.
-yotamena (yotamezi) v.i. to bask in the sun (reptiles) cf. -ola.
-yotela (yotezi) v.t. to inhale the smoke of medicinal burning roots. der.
siyotelelo. syn. -olela. cf. -yo-komwena.
Yowa1, n. February. (sce: Kweli).
-yowa2 (yowile) v.t. to bake in hot ashes (sweet potatoes, etc.). rel. -
yowela (yowezi) to ~ for someone. int. -yowelela (yowelezi) to ~ the whole
lot. ref. -icowela (icowezi) to ~ for oneself.
-yowaela (yowaezi) v.i. to walk in very thick grass or in bush.
-yowala (yowalile) v.i. to have thick, bushy hair; to have a long beard. -
yowama (yowami or yowamile) v.i. to be hidden by long grass, reeds,
bushes, etc.

-yowamana (yowamanile) v.i. to sit surrounded by long grass, reeds, bushes,

etc.
-yowana (yowani or yowanile) v.i. Luyana. to bathe, to swim splash-ing about.
syn. -tapa.
-yowela (yowezi) v.i. to be thick, dense (new grass, reed, bush, etc.). -
yowilikana (yowilikani or yowilikanile) v.t. to make noise (as many people
scolding someone to-gether). syn. -showilikana.
-yoya (yoyile) v.i. Luyana. to live. spec. exp: (1) Mu y'o yoyanga, go well,
may life be good to you; (2) Mu y'o yoyangisa ko mu ya, take our best
wishes to all the people where you go to. idiom. exp.: Kalufu-ka-lu-yo, to
become ill often (we) contrive to exist (neither death nor life).
yoyaela (yoyaezi) v.i. to be out of breath (after running, etc.); to be at
one's last gasp.
yoyomana (yoyomani or yoyomanile) to seize, to grasp; to take hold, to catch
to get hold of someone; to apprehend. syn. -swala, -nyamatala.
yuba (yubile) v.t. (1) to scoop, to ball out:ku yuba mezi mwa mukolo, to bail
out a canoe; (2) to scoop water out of a shallow pool in order to catch
fish. der. muyubi siyubo, siyubiso, muyubelo. rel. -yubela (yubezi) to ~
for someone. caus. -yubisa (yubisize) to order or to help to ~.
-yubauka (yubaukile) or -yuboka (yubokile) v.i. to be brimming over, to run
over, to boil over (milk, etc.). rel. -yubaukela (yubaukezi) to spill
over, to run over: Mabisi a ne ni lwezi a ni yubaukezi hahulu, the milk I
was carrying spilled over me. caus. -yubaukisa (yubaukisize) to cause to
~. freq. - yubaula (yubauzi) to cause a liquid to slop over.
-yubeka (yubekile) v.t. to desert somebody in a treacherous way or by
carelessness: Kini ha u y'o yubeka mutu y'o zamaile ni yena? why did you
leave behind the man with whom you were travelling?
-yuboka (yubokile) v.i. sce: -yu-bauka.
-yubuka1 (yubukile) v.i. to peel, to fall off (skin). syn. -yunuka. cf. -
pampumuka.
-yubuka2 (yubukile) v.i. to fall out of the pot (food, etc.). cf. -suluha.
rel. -yubukela (yubukezi) to fall down out of a pot.
-yubula1 (yubuzi) v.t. to pour food out of a pot. int. -yubulelela
(yubulelezi) to pour the whole contents of a pot into a dish.
-yubula2 (yubuzi) v.t. to take by force, to snatch from someone. rel. -
yubulela (yubulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -yubulisa (yubulisize) to
cause to ~. freq. -yubaula (yubauzi) to snatch from many people.
-yuka (yukile) v.i. to be steaming (water, food, etc.).
-yukaela (yukaezi) v.i. to walk os-tentatiously. rel. -yukaelela (yukaeleli)
to ~ somewhere. caus. -yukaelisa (yukaelisize) to cause to ~.
-yukuka1 (yukukile) v.i. to go fast (canoe); to dash, to make a rush at,
upon: Ha yukuka kuli a y'o nata kana ka hae, se ka mata! when he made a
rush at his child to beat him, the boy was already off!
-yukuka2 (yukukile) v.i. to scold, to altercate, to row with, to brawl. der.
liyuku. rel. -yukukela ( yukukezi) to give a scolding to someone. rec. -
 yukaukelana (yukaukelani) to have a very big row with someone. ref. -
iyukaukela (iyukau- kezi) as rec.
-yukula (yukuzi) v.t. to push a boat forward; to paddle hard. syn. -
sindumuna, -yuna.
-yukumuka (yukumukile) v.i. to grow (up) quickly (plants, people, etc.).
-yukumwena (yukumwezi) v.t. as -yokomwena.
-yukweka (yukwekile) v.t. to burn, to set fire to, to cause a conflagration.
syn. -cisa. rel. -yukwekela (yukwekezi) to set fire to some one's
property: Ki kale ba mu yuk-wekela ndu ya hae, they have just set fire to
his house.
-yuluka (yulukile) v.i. to come suddenly to the surface of water
(hippopotamus, crocodile, etc.). cf. -cimbuka. fig. to raise suddenly the
voice with anger.
-yumba (yumbile) v.t. Luyana. (1) to throw. spec. exp: ku yumba mayumbo, to
propound a riddle to someone. (2) to ccase to care for, to abandon: U
yumbile bashemi ba hae, h'a ba babaleli; he abandoned his parents and does
not take the slightest care of them. spec. exp ku yumba simulamu, to
abandon completely. der. mayumbo, mayumbelo. rec. -yumbana (yumbani or
yumbanile) to propound riddles to each other.
-yumbangeta (yumbangetite) v.t. Luyana. to pray to ancestors, der.
siyumbangetiso. syn. -pailela. rel. -yumbangetela (yumbangetezi) to pray
to ancestors in favour of someone.
-yumbela1 (yumbezi) v.t. to poison water in order to kill fish. der.
siyumbela. cf. -bunjinje.
-yumbela2 (yumbezi) v.t. (1) to build a dyke, to build a terrace in order to
protect a village of the plain against flood erosion (2) to heap up
garden beds for the planting of sweet potatoes. der. muyumbeli,
siyumbeliso. cf. -umbela. rel. -yumbelela (yumbekezi) to ~ for someone.
caus. -yumbelisa (yumbelisize) to order or to help to ~. ref. -lcum-
belela (icumbelezi) or -iyumbelela (iyumbelezi) to ~ for oneself.
-yumbula (yumbuzi) v.t. to give food to welcome a visitor. der. muyumbuli,
sima.yumbula, liyumbu, mayumbulelo. rel. -yumbulela (yum-bulezi) to ~ on
another's behalf. caus. -yumbulisa (yumbulisize) to help to ~: Kacenu se
ni ka yumbulisa baenyi ba ka ni ka si fumana kai? where shall I find food
today to welcome my guests? ref. -lyum-bula (iyumbuzi) or -icumbula (icum-
buzi) to eat from one's own pro-visions when stopping in a village during
a journey.
-yumena1 (yumezi) v.i. Luyana. to be close fisted, to be avariclous.
-yumena2 (yumezi) v.t. to inhale the vapour of medicated boiling water
(African doctor's usual method of healing). der. muyumena, siyumeneno.
syn. -yokomwena. cf. -olela. caus. -yumenisa (yumenisize) to help to ~.
-yuna (yunile) v.t. to push a boat forward; to paddie hard. syn. -sindumuna,
-yukula.
-yuna-yuna (yuna-yunile) v.i. to float about (as a crocodile on the surface
of water). fig. to go here and there with an evil intention. rel.-yuna-
yunela (yuna-yunezi) to ~ in order to seize a prey. caus. -yuna-yunisa
(yuna-yunisize) to cause to ~.
-yunda1 (yundile) v.i. to die one after another; to become extinct (family,
clan, etc.): Lisika la Nyambe li yundile kaufela, all the people belonging
to Nyambe's family have died. caus. -yundisa (yundisize) or -yundula
(yunduzi) to exterminate. (see: -yundula). int. -yundelela (yundelezi) or
-yunduka (yundukile) to die out, to become extinct (a whole family).
-yunda2 (yundile) v.t. to peep, to observe with curiosity. der. siyunda. syn.
-nangela, -ukumela.
yundu, n. pl. see: liundu.
-yundula (yunduzi) v.t. to peel sikuswani tuber by rubbing it in water. rel.
-yundulela (yundulezi) to ~ for someone caus. -yundulisa(yundulisize) to
help to ~.
-yundulula (yunduluzi) v.t. to plough, to cultivate a large garden.
-yunga (yungile) v.i. to fly far away (arrow, plane, etc.). cf. -lenda. rel.
-fig. exp: ka yungela mute mutakwe, to go to someone with the purpose of
challenging him to fight. caus. -yungisa (yungisize) to shoot far away:
Yena u kona hahulu ka yungisa beta, he is a very good shot with a bow.
-yunguka (yungukile) v.i. to cease raining (when the fact is believed to be
caused by the action of a rain-maker).
-yungula (yunguzi) v.t. to sift meal hurriedly and carelessly. freq. -
yungaula (yungauzi) or -yungola (yungozi) to ~ frequently.
-yungula (yunguzi) v.t. to make the rain stop (power attributed to a rain-
maker).
-yunuka (yunukile) v.i to peel, to fall off (skin) syn. -yubuka. cf. -
pamumuka.
-yununa (yunuzi) v.t. to pull of skin (when burnt by the sun).
-yupa (yupile) v.t. Luyana. to listen to with inquisitiveness, curiosity der.
mayupeleti.
-yusa (yusize) v.t. see: -usa.

-yuso, n. gen. n. triangular designs made on mats with dyed strings: Miseme
ya yuso, mats having such designs. (from: -usa).
-yuumena (yuumezi) v.t. to take a medicmal steam bath. caus. -yuumenisa
(yuumenisize) to give someone a steam bath.
-yuwa (yuwile) v.i. to itch. der. kayuwe. caus. -yuwisa (yuwisize) to cause
to itch (by putting kayuwe on the skin).
-yuya (yuyile) v.i. (1) (body) to smell (caused by a disease); (2) to become
decayed (Fish).
-yuyoka (yuyokile) v.i. to speak very strongly. der. muyuyaukelo or
muyuyokelo. rel. -yuyokela (yuyokezi) to ~ to someone: U sike wa yuyokela
yo muhulu, u ta ka shapa: do not speak impolitely to an elder person he
will beat you. caus. -yuyokisa (yuokisize) to cause to ~.
-yuyuka (yuyukile) v.i. to come to the surface of water (dead body or
carcass). cf. -cimbuka, -tumuka.
-yuyula (yuyuzi) v.t. to paddle without dipping in one's oar very much.
-yuyuluka (yuyulukile) vi. to refuse to obey, to be obstinate. syn. -
tunduluka fig. rel. -yuyulukela (yuyuluk zi) to resist someone's orders.
caus. -yuyulukisa (yuyulukisize) to cause to resist obstinately. spec.
exp: U sike wa yuyulukisa maswafu a hao cwalo, do not swell out with pride
and arrogance like this.
-yuyumana (yuyumani or yuyumanile) v.i. to remain motionless on a thick layer
of grass, on the surface of water (crocodile, iguana, etc.). fig. to be
almost losing one's power or authority without being aware of it.
Z
Z. z, Pronounced as in English.
za, pron. subj. pl. (class: (i) hi) used when the verb has no object or has a
simple pronoun as object; they: Ni boni likomu za bona, za Sula; I saw
their cattle, they are grazing. za, poss. pron. pl. (class: si-li and (i)
hi); (of): Lilabo za ka li lobehile, my paddies are broken; Libyana za hae
ki Zen ata, his belongings ares many.
-zala (zalile) v.t. to ejaculate.
-zamaisa (zamaisize) v.t.see: -zamaya caus.
zamaisano, n. mutual guiding, friendly intercourse. (from: -zamaya).
zamaiso, n. guidance, leading; driving; supervision.
-zamaya (zamaile) v.i. to walk, to march, to go; to go away, to leave: spec.
exp: ka zamaya mute kwapili, to precede someone; ka zamaya mute mwamulaho,
to follow someone. der. muzamai, muzamao, muzamaelo, muzamaisi, zamaiso,
bu-zamaisi, zamaisano, buizamaeli, buizamaiso. syn. -enda. cf. -ya. rel. -
zamaela (zamaezi) to ~ with a purpose: U zamaela lifi mute yo? what is
that man after? caus. -zamaisa (zamaisize) to lead, to guide, to conduct;
to escort; to drive; to oversee, to supervise; to command. red. -zamaya-
zamaya (zamaya-zamaile) to walk every now and then, to take a walk ref. a)
-izamaela (izamaezi) to walk without purpose; b) -izamaisa (izamaisize) to
be independent.
zanana, adv. straight, vertically: ka yema zanana, to stand straight as in a
parade. syn. nonga.
zanda (zandile) v.i. to refuse, to deny; to resist stubbornly. der. mizanda.
syn. -hana.
-zangalakana (zangalakani or zangalakanile) or zangilikana (zangilikani or
zangilikanile) v.i. to be long and in disorder, to be all ruffled (hair).
der. mazangala-zangala. syn. -shukwala.
-zanguka (zangukile) v.i. to become wise, intelligent, clever; to become
experienced. syn. -talifa.
ze, dem. pron. pl. (class: si-li and (i) -li). 1st degree; these: Liyaleto ze
ki za linyunywani mani? which birds build these nest; Likota ze Hi na no
muluti o munde, these trces offer pleasant shade.
zebe (li-) n. ear; ya tibani lizebe, a deaf person.
-zeka (zekile) v.t. put before court, to dispute, to quarrel about; to
contest; to claim: Mu ka y'o zeka lili taba ya mina? when are you going to
put your case before the court? der. muzeki, muzekisi, muzeko, sizekiso.
rel. -zekela (zekezi) to plead in favour of someone. caus. -zekisa
(zekisize) to bring someone to justice. int. -zekelela (zekelezi) to
dispute, to claim with persistence. rec. -zekisana (zekisani or
zekisanile) to quarrel about, to claim for or from each other; to have a
dispute.
-zela (zelile) v.t. to surround, to encircle: Nifumani bats ba zelile nzila
kaufela, I found that they were watching all the way round. cf. -ambeka.
-zelenga (zelengile) v.t. to give an artistic touch to one's work (pottery,
basketry, etc.).

zemba (zembile) v.i. to make a search, to spy: Mupolisa yo s'a zembafale, u

utwile sika maiii? what is that policeman searching for over there, has he
heard about anything? der. kazemba.
zembelela (zembelezi) v.t. to hove-rover towards in order to attack (hawk)
fig. to walk about amusing people, in order to be given some-thing.
-zenga1 (zengile) v.i. to feel unwell: Ha ni ikutwi hande, ni zengafela, I
don't feel well, I am just trying to stand up.
zenga2 (zengile) or -zengana (zengani or zenganile) to hover, to soar
(birds).
zeo. dem. pron. pl. (class: si-li and (i) -li) 2nd degree; those: Lipula zeo
mu li lekisa cwani? what is the price of those chairs? Likii zeo ki za
maiii? whose are those keys?
-zetula (zetuzi) v.t. to beat someone with a thin walking stick.
-zeuka (zeukile) v.i. to burst. spec. exp: U zeukefahali! may you burst open
and die! cf. kauke!
-zeula (zeuzi) v.t. to curse (saying: U zeuke fahali! see: -zeuka)
zeze, n. gen. n. Tswana tsetse fly.
-zezula (zezuzi) v.t. see: -zetula.
-ziba (zibile) v.i. & v.t. to know; to be aware of; to be experienced; to
recognize: Lu ine lu nze lu ziba kuli butata bu ta lu tela kwapili, let us
be aware that we shall meet difficul-ties in the future. Ki ko kunde kufa
mutu musebezi w'a zibile kale, it pays to give someone work for which he
has long experience Mwa ni ziba, nji mu ni timelezwi? do you recognise me
or have you for-gotten me? der. muzibi, sizibi, zibo, zibano, zibiso,
zibisano, busibelo. cf. -tekelela. rel. -zibela (zibezi) to recognize
someone by something Ni mu zibezi kwa sitenda sa he, I have recognized
him by his bald-head. rec. -zibelana (zibelani) to know something about
each other: ku zibelana mikwa, to know about each other's conduct. caus. -
zibisa (zibisize) to inform, to acquaint with, to announce; to give
notice, to notify: Na ha ba sika ni zibisa se sinwi bakensa mukiti wa
bona, they did not notify me about their feast rel. -zibizeza (zibiselize)
to inform on someone's behalf: Mu ni zibiseze yena kuli kamuso ni yo
munata ko ku yena! tell him that I shall see him tomorrow, so he had
better be ready for me! int. -zibisisa (zibisisize) to know thoroughly.
rec. -zibisana (zibisani) to give mutual in-formation. int. -zibelela
(zibelezi) to know thoroughly. int-stat. -zibahala (zibahezi or
zibahalile) to become known, to be well known, to be of common knowledge.
caus. -zibahaza (zibahalize) to make known, to advertise. rec. -zibana
(zibani or zibanile) to know each other. rel. -zibanela (zibanezi) to know
of each other. freq. -zibanga to be accustomed to ~: Mu n'o zibanga ku
pila hande ni batu, learn how to live on good terms with people. ref. -
iziba (izibile) to know oneself, to be aware of one's nature rel. -izibela
(izibezi) to be experienced in: Ku izibela misebezi ye minata ki ko kunde,
it is very helpful to have a good knowledge of many different kinds of
work int-stat. -izibahaza (izibahalize) to make oneself know: Mutu ki yo
munde ku izibahaza ka mikwa ye minde kwa batu, it is desirable for a man
to make himself known by his good deeds
zibano, n. knowledge of each other, acquaintance (from: -ziba).

-zibisa (zibisize) v.t. notify see: -ziba caus.

zibisano (li-) n. mutual information. (from: -ziba).
zibiso (li-) n. notice, information, announcement, proclamation. (from: -
ziba).
zibo, n. knowledge, inteligence.
-zieleha (zielehile) v.i. to be in difficulty, in distress; to be puzzled, to
be perplexed. syn. -kayamana. rel. -zielehela (zielehezi) to be in diffi-
culty somewhere: U il'o zielehela mwa mushitu, It was in the forest that
he got into difficulties.
-zieza (zielize) v.t. to embarrass, to puzzle, to distress, to trouble, to
bewilder. der. ziezi, cf. -zinga. rec. -ziezana (ziezani or ziezanile) to
embarrass each other, to get each other into trouble, difficulty. ref. -
izieza (izielize) to get oneself into trouble.
ziezi (li- or ma-) n. difficulty, distress, perplexity, trouble, worry (from:
-zieza). fig. funeral, Ku na ni ziezi kwa hae, there is a funeral at home.
-zikinyeha (zikinyehile) v.i. to shake, to quake. der. zinkinyeho. fig. to
have doubts in one's own views because of others' arguments; to hesitate,
to be unsteady.
zikinyeho (li-) n. shaking; sikinyeho ya lifasi, earth tremor, earthquake
(from: -zikinyeha).
zikiti, adv. motionlessly: Mutuyani a li ku li zikitifani, kanti u batani?
what is that man looking for overthere, being so long without moving?
-zina-zina (zina-zinile) v.i. to hesitate, to delay caus. -zina-zinisa (zina-
zinizise) to cause delay.
-zinda (zindile) v.i. to be strong; to be resistant: Mushimani yo s'a zindile
hahulu, that boy is already very strong; a muni otele muhala o zindile,
twist a strong, resistant rope for me.
-zinga (zingile) v.t. to embarrass, to puzzle, to perplex: Litaba li mu
zingile, the matter embarrassed him. der. sizingwa, buzingwa, zingo. cf. -
zieza. stat. -zingeha (zingehile) to be embarrassed, puzzled, perplexed.
zingo, n. embarrassement, puzzlement, perplexity. (from: -zinga).
-zinguluka (zingulukile) v.i. to be dizzy, giddy; to have vertigo, to feel
the head swimming; to whirl. caus. -zingulukisa (zingulukisize) to cause
to ~.
zita, n. kind of grass (long marsh-grass the feathery seed of which is used
for making pillows and cushions).
-zizibala (zizibezi or zizibalile) or zizilika (zizilikile) v.i. to be
feeble-minded. caus. -zizibalisa (zizibalisize) or zizibaza (zizibalize)
to cause someone to think or act in a stupid way: Ki matokwani a mu
zizibalize, it is hemp that made him such a dull-witted person.
-zizila (zizilile) v.i. to be unwell syn. -kula.
-zizilika (zizilikile) v.i. as zizibala.
-zompoka (zompokile) v.i. to jump. der. lizompo. syn. -tula.
zona, emph. pron. pl. class: si-li and (i) -li); those: Ni lata zona zeo I
like those things (no others): Ni lata zona ze. I like these things.
-zota (zotile) v.i. to set one's heart on doing something. rel. -zotela
(zotelize) same meaning: N'a sa zoteli ku ze ne ni mu bulela kaufela he
did not set his heart on doing ali that I was telling him to do.
zote, adv. all. entirely. Likomu zote za kula; all the cows are sick.
-zuba (zubile) v.i. & v.t. to smoke, to snuff (tobacco). der. muzubi,
muzubisi, sizubelo, muzubelo. syn. -feba. rel. -zubela (zubezi) muzubisi,
sizubelo, muzubelo. syn. -feba. rel. -zubisa (zubisize) to give someone
snuff or tobacco. rec. -zubisana (zubisani) to give each other a pinch of
snuff. ref. -izubisa (izubisize) as rec.
-zubunkana (zubunkani or zubunkanile) v.i. to bank up, to pile up (clouds):
Male s'a zubunkana, a storm is brewing.
-zuha (zuhile) v.i. to wake up, to get up; ka zuha kwa bafu, to rise from the
dead, to resuscitate. ka zuha kwa butuku, to come back again, to recur
(illness); syn. -shangumuka. spec. exp. Mu zuhile! good morning! der.
zuho, sizuhelwa. rel. zuhela (zuhezi) to attack, to assail, to use
violence against: Butuku be mu zuhezi ka mata, he is very seriously ill.
caus. -zusa (zusize) to waken. (see: -zusa).
zuho, n. (1) waking, awakening; resurrection (2) health, well-being (from: -
zuha).
-zukuza (zukulize., v.t. to shake, to stir, to rinse; to agitate, to wave; to
wag. rel. -zukuzeza (zukuzelize) to rinse for someone: U y'o zukuzeza
munyan'a hao liapalo za hae, go and rinse out your brother's clothes.
caus. -zukuzisa (zukuzisize) to help to rinse.
-zuma (zumile) v.t. to hunt. der. muzumi, muzumisi, sizumi, buzumi, buzumo,
zumo, luzumo, muzumelo. fig. to act as a detective: ka zuma mute ya tobile
mwa tolongo, to in-vestigate about someone who escaped from prison. rel. -
zumela (zumezi) to hunt for someone. caus. -zumisa (zumisize) to accompany
 a hunter. spec. exp: ka zumisa Linda, to hunt with a pack of dogs. rec. -
zumana (zumani) fig. to hate each other to have a grudge against each
other ref. -izumela (izumezi) to hunt for oneself.
zumo, n. hunting. (from: -zuma).
-zumununa (zumunuzi) v.t. see -tumununa.
-zunga (zungile) v.i. to be very high (house).
-zunga-zunga (zunga-zungile) v.i. to totter about (a tall person). to move
about though unwell.
-zungubaza (zungubalize) v.t. to urge to pay, to force to pay. der.
muzungubazi.
-zusa (zusize) v.t. (1) to waken: ka zusa mute ya lobezi, to waken a sleeping
person. fig. exp: ka zusa mute papa, to educate someone, using strong
methods, (2) to re-build: ka zusa lapa, to rebuild a fence; (3) to
resuscitate. rel. -zuseza (zuselize) (1) to disturb a person by
causing~the waking of another: Mu sike mwa eza lilata, mu ka ni zuseza
mwanana; do not be so noisy, you will wake up the child. (2) to make
someone angry, to get someone's temper up; to provoke: idiom. exp: Ki kale
a ni zuseza malamo; now look, he is putting me in great difficulty. ref. -
izusa (izusize) to awake, to wake up. spec. exp: Mu y'o izusa hande! good
night, sleep well!
-zwa (zwile) v.i. to go out; to come from; to come out: Zwa ka, get away, Mu
zwa kai? where are you coming from? ka zwa mwa musima, to come out of a
hole. rel. -zwela (zwezi) to come out in a certain direction; to come from
a certain place: Mu zwela kai. kwa mboela ndi? where are you coming from,
from the south? spec. exp: ka zwela phi, to continue, to advance, to
progress. (see: zwelopili) caus. - zwisa (zwisize) to bring out, to take
out; to deduce, to subtract. (see: -zwisa). red. -zwela-zwela (zwela-
zwezi) (fande) to go out continu-ally at-every moment. ref. -izwisa
(izwisize) to take oneself out of: ku izwisa mwa mufilifili, to escape
trouble.
zwabula (zwabuzi) v.t. to take by force, to snatch. freq. -zwabaula
(zwabauzi) to snatch repeatedly.
zwabulula (zwabuluzi) or -zwabuluza (zwabululize) v.t. to take off long
strips of bark from a tree; to pull of long strips of meat from a dried
hide.
-zwafa (zwafile) v.t. to lose courage, to be cast down, dispirted; to be
inclined to negligence. der. muzwafi, muzwafisi, buzwafi, buzwafisi, cf. -
tepelela. rel. zwafela (zwafezi) to take a dislike to: Se ni zwa-fela ka
eza musebezi wo o tata! I really feel that I am taking a dislike to that
very hard work. caus. -zwafisa (zwafisize) to discourage. syn. . -
shengwaetisa.
zwaka (zwakile) v.t. to mix to mingle: Buhobe bwa mbonyi ki bobunde ha be
zwakilwe ni mwanja, cooked mealie meal is very tasty when mixed with
cassava meal. der. mazwake, sizwakiso. rel. -zwa-kela (zwakezi) to mix, to
mingle for someone. stat. -zwakeha (zwakehile) to be mixable.
-zwakeza (zwakelize) v.t. to catch with a rope, with a lasso: Mu nge muhala,
mu zwakeze komu yeo mwa toho, take a rope and catch that cow by its head.
fig. exp: Ku zwakeza mute taba, to accuse someone falsely.
-zwala (zwezi) v.t. to give birth (animals). to bring forth; to lay eggs.
der. muzwezi, zwezi, zwalo, muzwalelo. cf. -pepa, -leya, -shema.
spec. exp: (1) ya zwala kuku, great-grand parent, (2) mwana zwezi, a well
mannered child, a child born into a wealthy family; (3) ka zwala hahulu,
to be prolific. rel. -zwalela (zwalezi) to bring forth at (a place): Ki ko
ka zwalela litau, it is a place where lions bring forth their cubs.
zwalo (li-) n. womb. spec. exp: ka tibana zwalo, to be barren, sterile.
(from: -zwala).
zwapula (zwapuzi) v.t. to despise, to contemn, to scorn. caus. -zwa-pulisa
(zwapulisize) to cause to ~. freq. -zwapaula (zwapauzi) to ~ again and
again.
zwelopili, n. progess, evolution, cul-ture, civilisation, development
-zwepa (zwepile) v.t. to suck from the breast or cow's udder. syn. -anya.
-zweta (zwetile) v.i. to ooze, to seep; to sweat, to drip, to trickle; to
leak out. der. muzwetela.
zwezi (ma-) n. cow which has a young calf. syn. muzwezi. (from: -zwala).
-zwikama (zwikami or zwikamile) or -zwikima (zwikimile) v.t. to have a spite
against; to hate. syn. -toya. cuas. -zwikamisa (zwikamisize) to cause to
~. rec. -zwikimana (zwikimani) to have mutual hatred.
-zwisa (zwisize) v.t. (1) to take out, to take away, to remove: Mu zwise
libyana mwa ndu, remove utensils and personal effects from the house; (2) to
deduct, to subtract: Ku zwisa ka bunolo kufita ka alula subtraction is easier
than division. rel. -zwiseza (zwiselize) to take out for or to caus. -zwisisa
(zwisisize) to order or to help to take away. int. -zwiseleza (zwiselelize)
to remove completely. spec. exp: ka zwiseza naha pill, to develop a nation.