DE 730 MW

Bernoulli’s Equation

General Form
M(x,y)dx + N(x, y)dy = 0.

Bernoulli’s Equation
dy dx
 P(x)y  Q(x)y n or  P(y)x  Q(y)xn
dx dy

Linear Equation of Order One

dz dz
 P'(x)z  Q'(x)  P'(y)z  Q'(y)
dx dy
where : z  y1n where : z  x1n
P'(x)  (1  n)P(x) P'(y)  (1  n)P(y)
Q'(x)  (1  n)Q(x) Q'(y)  (1  n)Q(y)

General Solution
ze  e
 ze   e
P '( x)dx P '( x)dx P '( y)dy P '( y)dy
Q'(x)dx  c Q'(y)dy  c

where : e  where : e 
P '( x)dx P '( y)dy
 is the int egrating factor  is the int egrating factor

-1-
 DE 730 MW
Example

Find the general solution of y(6y2 – x – 1)dx + 2xdy = 0 Ans. x = y2(6 + ce-x)

 y 6y 2  x  1 dx + 2xdy = 0   1 
 
   2xdx 


y 6y 2  x  1   dy  0
2x dx
dy x+1 3
 y  y3  0
dx 2x x
dy  x+1   3
  y     y3
dx  2x   x
 x+1  x  1 1
P'  x   1  n  P  x   1  3       1
 2x  x x
 3 6
Q'  x   1  n  Q  x   1  3     
 x x
 1
  1 x  dx
e  
'
i.f.  e  e x ln x  e x eln x  xe x
P x dx

6
y 2 xe x   xe x  dx  c
x
 y 2 xe x  6e x  c  y 2e  x


x  y 2 6  ce  x  GS

Find the general solution

1. 6y2dx – x(2x3 + y)dy = 0 (2x3 – y)2 = cyx6

2. 2x3 y’ = y(y2 + 3x2) y2(c – x) = x3

Obtain the particular solution

1. (y4 – 2xy)dx + 3x2dy = 0; when x = 2, y = 1. x2 = y3(x + 2)

2. (x2 + 6y2)dx – 4xydy = 0; when x = 1, y = 1. 2y2 = x2(3x – 1)

-2-
 DE 730 MW
Substitution Suggested by the Equation

Example 1

Find the general solution of (x + 2y – 1)dx + 3(x + 2y)dy = 0

let v  x  2y
dv  dx  2dy
dv  dx
dy 
2
dv  dx 
 v  1 dx  3v  0
 2 
2  v  1 dx  3v  dv  dx   0
 1 
   v  2  dx  3vdv  0   
   v  2  
 v 
dx  3   dv  0
v 2
 2 
 dx  3   1   dv   0
 v 2
x  3v  6ln  v  2   c
x  3  x  2y   6ln  x  2y  2   c
 1
 2x  6y  6ln  x  2y  2   c   
2
3ln  x  2y  2   x  3y  c

-3-
 DE 730 MW
Example 2

Find the general solution of (1 + 3xsiny)dx – x2cosydy = 0

let v  sin y
dv  cos ydy
 1 
1  3xv  dx  x 2dv  0    2 
 x dx 
dv  3  1
  v  2
dx  x  x
3
Px  
x
1
Qx  2
x
3
  x dx 3
i.f.  e  e3 ln x  eln x  x 3
 1
vx 3   x 3  2  dx  c
x 
 sin y x 4 
 3 
4
 c  4x 4  
 x 
4x sin y  cx 4  1

Exercises

Find the general solution

(x + 2y – 1)dx + (2x + 4y – 3)dy = 0 x + c = 3 ln(x – y + 5)

Obtain the particular solution

4(3x + y – 2)dx – (3x + y)dy; when x = 1, y = 0.

-4-