Experiment 4,5,6

KSHITIZ GOEL
(21BCB0123)

Date
23 December 2021
Course title
Basic Electrical Engineering Lab
BEEE101P
 WIRING CIRCUIT FOR A SINGLE LAMP AND A FAN WITH REGULATOR
Ex. No: 04 Date : 25/11/21

Aim:
To understand the internal wiring of a switch box to control a lamp, fan and an external
gadget connected to a 5-pin socket.

Materials Required:

S. No. Name of the apparatus Range / Type Quantity

1 Incandescent Lamp 230 V, 25 W 1 Nos.
2 Lamp holder 230 V, Level 3 Nos.
3 Ceiling fan 230V, 60W 1 No.
4 Switch Box 12” x 4” 4 Nos.
5 Fan regulator 230V 1 No.
6 1 way switch 230 V, 5 A 3 Nos.
7 P. V. C. casing capping ¼” As required
8 Wooden Board 4‟ x 3.5„ 1 No.
9 Ceiling rose 230 V 1 Nos.
10 Wires 1 sq. mm” As required

Tools Required:

Screw driver, Wire stripper, Hacksaw, combination plier, drilling machine, electrician knife

Procedure:
1. Collect the materials required for this experiment.
2. Draw the layout of the given circuit diagram on the work board.
3. Fix the switches, regulator, indicator and 5-pin socket by using necessary tools in the switch board
front panel.
4. Do the internal connections using wires of required size as per the circuit diagram?
5. Test the circuit and note down the observations.

Precautions:

1. Energize the circuit with the presence of Lab instructor / Faculty.

2. No part of a live circuit should be touched by the bare hand.
3. Keep the body, or any part of it, out of the circuit.
4. Keep the work area and workbench clear of items not used in the experiment.
5. When disassembling a circuit, first remove the source of power.
Fuse Rating Calculations:

Total Power drawn by the circuit = 60+40+100

watts Voltage of the circuit = 230 volts
P = V I COS Ø
P = V x I x 1 (Assuming COS Ø = 0.8 for resistive load)
Current in the circuit (I) = power (P) / (Voltage (V) x COS Ø)
= 200 W / (230 V x 0.8) = 1.0869 A.
Fuse rating of the circuit= rounding off the current to the nearest 5 =
5A (Normally fuses are available in the ratings of 5A, 10A and etc.)

Wiring Diagram – Switch Board (internal)

Observation:

Expected conditions Observed conditions

Condition No Indi Ext. Indi Ext.
S1 S2 S3 cator Load Fan Lamp S1 S2 S3cator Load Fan Lamp
1 ON OFF OFF ON ON OF OFF ON OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF
F
2 OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF

3 OFF OFF ON ON OFF OF ON OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF ON

F
4 ON ON OFF ON ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON ON OFF

5 OFF ON ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON ON OFF ON ON

6 ON OFF ON ON ON OF ON ON OFF ON ON ON OFF ON

F
7 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON

Result:
The circuit has been completed and implemented successfully.
 GO-DOWN WIRING
Ex. No. 05 Date : 02/12/21

Aim:
To understand the wiring of go-down / tunnel wiring circuit.

Materials Required:

S. No. Name of the apparatus Range / Type Quantity

1 Incandescent Lamp 230 V, 25 W 3 Nos.
2 Lamp holder 230 V, Level 3 Nos.
3 Switch Box 4” x 4” 4 Nos.
4 2-way switch 230 V, 5 A 3 Nos.
5 1 way switch 230 V, 5 A 1 No.
6 P. V. C. casing capping ¼” As required
7 Wooden Board 4‟ x 3.5„ 1 No.
8 Wires 1 sq. mm” As required

Tools Required:
Screw driver, Wire stripper, Hacksaw, combination plier, drilling machine, electrician knife.

Theory:
Godown wiring uses to operate lamps/loads in a sequential manner, where only one load operates at a time. As
its name implies "Godown wiring", it is used in godowns, tunnel like structures, long passages, etc. due to the
advantage of the circuit, where light is only required for passage or it requires only at one position at a time.

Procedure:
1. Collect the materials required for this experiment.
2. Draw the layout of the given circuit diagram in the circuit board.
3. Fix the necessary materials, by using drilling machine in the layout board.
4. Terminal 2 of the bulb L1 is connected to neutral point (N) and another terminal 1 is
connected to terminal 1 of switch S2.
5. Terminal 1 of the switch S1 is connected to the phase line (P).
6. Now, the terminal 2 of switch S1 is connected with terminal 2 of switch S2.
7. The terminal 3 of switch S2 is connected with terminal 2 of switch S3.
8. And terminal 3 of Switch S3 is connected with terminal 2 of switch S4.
9. After that, the terminal 3 of switch S4 is connected with terminal 1 of Bulb L4.

Precautions:
1. Energize the circuit with the presence of Lab instructor / Faculty.
2. No part of a live circuit should be touched by the bare hand.
3. Keep the body, or any part of it, out of the circuit.

4. Keep the work area and workbench clear of items not used in the experiment.
5. When disassembling a circuit, first remove the source of power.
Fuse Rating Calculations:
Power drawn by the circuit = 60 watts
Voltage of the circuit = 230 volts
P = V I COS Ø
P = V x I x 1 (Assuming COS Ø = 1 for resistive load)
Current in the circuit (I) = power (P) / Voltage (V)
= 60 W / 230 V = 0.260 AMP.
Fuse rating of the circuit= rounding off the current to the nearest 5 =
5A (Normally fuses are available in the ratings of 5A, 10A and etc.)

Circuit Diagram:

S1 : 1-way switch, S2 – S4 : 2-way switches. L1 – L3 : 25W, 230V Lamp

Observation:

Condition Expected conditions Observed conditions

No S1 S2 S3 S4 L1 L2 L3 S1 S2 S3 S4 L1 L2 L3

1 1 1 1 ON OFF OFF 1 1 1 ON OFF OFF

ON ON
2 2 1 1 OFF ON OFF 2 1 1 OFF ON OFF

3 2 2 1 OFF OFF ON 2 2 1 OFF OFF ON

4 1 1 1 OFF OFF OFF 1 1 1 OFF OFF OFF

OFF OFF
5 2 1 1 OFF OFF OFF 2 1 1 OFF OFF OFF

6 1 2 1 OFF OFF OFF 1 2 1 OFF OFF OFF

Result:
The circuit has been completed and implemented successfully.
 MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY

Ex. No: 06 Date: 09/12/21

Aim:
To measure the power and energy consumed by a single-phase load.

Materials Required:

S. No. Name of the Apparatus Range / Type Quantity

1 Ammeter ( 0 – 10 A ) MI 1 No.
2 Voltmeter ( 0 – 300 V ) MI 1 No.
3 Wattmeter 300 V, 10 A, UPF 1 No.
4 Energy meter 1-phase, digital 1 No.
5 Resistive load 5 kW 1 No.
6 Stop clock ----- 1 No.
7 Wires 1 sq. mm” As required

Theory:

The watt-hour meter is an instrument used for measuring energy. As energy is the product of
power and time; the watt-hour meter must take into consideration both of these factors. Induction
type of energy meters are universally used for measurement of energy in domestic and industrial AC
circuits. The term testing includes the checking of the actual registration of the meter as well as the
adjustments done to bring the errors of the meters within the prescribed limits.

Direct loading method is similar to the one explained in the calibration of wattmeter. Here a
standard wattmeter is used for comparing the values. When the capacity of a meter under test is
high, a test with the ordinary loading arrangements would involve a considerable waste of power. To
avoid this “phantom or fictitious” loading arrangements are employed. These consist in supplying the
pressure circuit from a circuit of the required normal voltage, and the current circuit from a separate
low voltage supply. This means that the total power supplied for the test is that due to the small
pressure coil current at normal voltage plus that due to the load current at a low voltage and the total
power is therefore only a comparatively small amount.
FORMULAE USED

1. Actual power = W x Multiplication factor

Where W – Observed wattmeter reading
2. Apparent power = VI watts
Where V – Voltmeter reading
I – Ammeter reading
3. Power Factor, cosØ = Actual Power / Apparent Power
∗

4. =
∗∗

5. =

6. % = ∗

Procedure

1. Collect the materials required for this experiment.

2. Make the connections as shown in circuit diagram.
3. After closing the DPST switch adjust the auto-transformer to the specified voltage of the energy meter.
4. Switch „ON‟ some specific load. Note down Ammeter, Voltmeter and wattmeter readings. Also note
down the time taken by energy meter disc to complete a specified number of revolutions using
stop clock. This is repeated for different load condition.
5. True energy is calculated by multiplying the wattmeter reading and the time.
6. Recorded energy is obtained using energy meter constant and no. of revolution.
7. Result are tabulated (Refer Table) and a graph between percentage error and True energy is drawn.

Precautions

1. Energize the circuit with the presence of Lab instructor / Faculty.

2. Auto transformer should be in minimum voltage position.
3. All the loads should be in „OFF‟ position.
4. No part of a live circuit should be touched by the bare hand.
5. Keep the body, or any part of it, out of the circuit.
6. Keep the work area and workbench clear of items not used in the experiment.
7. When disassembling a circuit, first remove the source of power.
Sample Calculations:

Circuit Diagram:

Tabulations:

Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter Time

No. of Recorded True
reading reading reading taken by Error
S. No. revolutions energy energy
(V) (I) (W) Disc (T)
Volts Amps Watts Seconds kwh kwh %

6
Model Graph

TYPICAL PROBING QUESTIONS:


What is an energy meter? What is the unit of energy?

What do you mean by one unit of energy?

What do you mean by energy meter constant? How do you determine its value?

What type of load will be used to calibrate the energy meter at UPF?

Will it be possible to calibrate the 1- energy meter at 0.5 lag or lead using resistive load and 3- 
supply?

What is the additional mechanism you find in an energy meter compared to wattmeter?

True or false : Power and work mean the same thing

True or false : A Joule per second equals one HP

True or false : A watt-second equals a joule

True or false : A kWh is equal to 3.6 million J

What material is used for constructing the rotating disc in an energy meter?

Result:
The circuit has been completed and implemented successfully.