Course code and

B49CE-Multiphase Thermodynamics
name:

Type of assessment: Individual

Coursework Title: Marcet Boiler

Student Name: Tan Guan Hong

Student ID Number: H00331265

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Student Signature (type your name): Tan Guan Hong

Date: 10/03/2022

Heriot-Watt University Malaysia Campus

 Stage 3
Chemical Engineering Laboratory Report

Name Tan Guan Hong (H00331265)

Group Number 5

Experiment Title Marcet Boiler

Date of 1 March 2022

Experiment

Demonstrator Ms Pang

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procedures:

(https://www.hw.ac.uk/students/studies/record/discipline.htm and regulation 50 of

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Signature
Tan Guan Hong
Date
1 March 2022

1. Derived result and discussion:

This experiment is carried out to investigate the relationship between the pressure and temperature
of a saturated steam in equilibrium with water. A Marcet Boiler is used for experiment to understand
the basic properties of saturated steam (Mehdi, 2017). Table 1 showed the pressure-temperature
data that obtained from the experiment. The measured slope is calculated from the experimental and
the calculated slope is calculated by using the steam table.

Table 1: Pressure-Temperature Data

Specific
volume
Measured ,v Calculated
slope, (m3/kg slope,
Pressure, P (bar) Temperature, T °c dT/dP ) Tvg/hfg
Gaug Absolut Increas Decreas Average Average
e e e (°c) e (°c) T (°c) T (K) Vg
2.5 3.5 115.2 124.51 119.855 392.855 0.524 0.0958
3 4 122.6 130.4 126.5 399.5 0.1329 0.462 0.0865
3.5 4.5 128 135.3 131.65 404.65 0.103 0.414 0.0790
4 5 133.2 140 136.6 409.6 0.099 0.375 0.0728
4.5 5.5 137.2 144.2 140.7 413.7 0.082 0.343 0.0676
5 6 141.1 148 144.55 417.55 0.077 0.316 0.0632
5.5 6.5 145.1 151.7 148.4 421.4 0.077 0.293 0.0594
6 7 149.4 155.1 152.25 425.25 0.077 0.273 0.0562
6.5 7.5 152.8 158.1 155.45 428.45 0.064 0.256 0.0532
7 8 155.4 161.1 158.25 431.25 0.056 0.241 0.0507
7.5 8.5 157.8 163.8 160.8 433.8 0.051 0.227 0.0483
8 9 160.5 166.5 163.5 436.5 0.054 0.215 0.0462
8.5 9.5 163.3 168.9 166.1 439.1 0.052 0.204 0.0443
9 10 166.1 171.3 168.7 441.7 0.052 0.195 0.0426
9.5 10.5 168.5 173.5 171 444 0.046 0.186 0.0410
10 11 170.3 175.7 173 446 0.04 0.178 0.0396
10.5 11.5 172.8 177.8 175.3 448.3 0.046 0.170 0.0383
11 12 174.8 179.7 177.25 450.25 0.039 0.163 0.0371
11.5 12.5 176.6 181.5 179.05 452.05 0.036 0.157 0.0359
12 13 178.8 183.1 180.95 453.95 0.038 0.151 0.0348
12.5 13.5 181.2 185 183.1 456.1 0.043 0.146 0.0338
13 14 183.4 186.6 185 458 0.038 0.141 0.0329
13.5 14.5 185 188.1 186.55 459.55 0.031 0.136 0.0320
14 15 186.8 189.8 188.3 461.3 0.035 0.132 0.0312
14.5 15.5 188.4 191.4 189.9 462.9 0.032 0.128 0.0304

Figure 1 showed the relationship between temperature and pressure. It is no doubt that when the
pressure increases, the temperature increases. Hence, the temperature is directly proportional to the
pressure. Before conducted the experiment, it is important to remove all the air from the boiler. It is
because the air might affect the accuracy of experimental results. If the air is not removed from the
boiler, the equilibrium measurement between the water and steam will not be correct. A lower water
temperature will be required to raise the pressure because of the partial pressure of air.
 Temperature Vs Pressure
480

460

440
Temperature, K

420

400

380

360

340
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Pressure, kPa

Figure 1: Temperature Vs Pressure

Figure 2 showed a relationship between measured slope with pressure and calculated slope with
pressure. It clearly showed that the measured slope and calculated slope is inversely proportional to
the pressure. When the measured slope and calculated slope decrease, the pressure also decrease.
Besides that, the measured slope obtained from the experiment results is compared to the theoretical
value that determined with the calculation from steam table. There is some deviation in the measured
slope when compared with the calculated slope. It is due to there have some error occurred during
the experiment. Parallax error should be avoided when taking the reading for pressure and
temperature during the experiment.

Measured slope Vs P and Calculated slope Vs P

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08
Measured slope
Slope

0.06 Calculated slope

0.04

0.02

0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Absolute pressure, kPa

Figure 2: Measured slope Vs P and Calculated slope Vs P

Table 2 showed the data for error percentage. The percentage of error is calculated by
The error percentage of the experiment should not exceed 10% as the experiment was
done in an enclosed surface and no volume of experimenting samples are allowed to
escape from the system. However, the data obtained from this experiment is within the
range of -3.33% to 34%. The percentage error showed that the experimental yield was too
high when the percentage error is negative. While when the percentage error of the
experiment is positive, the experimental yield will less than the theoretical yield.

Table 2: Percentage of error

Measur Calculat
ed ed Percenta
slope, slope, ge of
dT/dP Tvg/hfg error, %
0 0.0958 0
34.9029
0.1329 0.0865 2
0.103 0.0790 23.3097
26.4379
0.099 0.0728 7
17.5589
0.082 0.0676 6
17.9493
0.077 0.0632 4
22.8729
0.077 0.0594 1
27.0426
0.077 0.0562 8
16.8229
0.064 0.0532 6
9.54506
0.056 0.0507 8
5.33722
0.051 0.0483 3
14.4094
0.054 0.0462 2
14.7810
0.052 0.0443 8
17.9922
0.052 0.0426 6
10.7816
0.046 0.0410 6
0.04 0.0396 1.01752
16.8189
0.046 0.0383 5
4.97856
0.039 0.0371 5
0.28932
0.036 0.0359 3
0.038 0.0348 8.33239
0.043 0.0338 21.3050
 6
13.3014
0.038 0.0329 9
0.031 0.0320 -3.33438
10.7469
0.035 0.0312 1
0.032 0.0304 4.86624

2. Conclusion
Marcet boiler is a device that use to study the relationship between temperature and
pressure for water at saturated liquid phase. In conclusion, when temperature increases, the
pressure also increases. The temperature is directly proportional to the pressure.
Furthermore, the measured slope and calculated slope is inversely proportional to the
absolute pressure. When the pressure decreases, the measured slope and calculated slope
also decrease.

Reference:
[1] Mehdi Mashayekhi (2017) Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer. Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313810673_Experimental_Assessment_of_Saturat
ion_Behavior_of_Boiling_Nanofluids_Pressure_and_Temperature (Accessed: 12 March
2022)