V = a set of vectors of size n, which satisfies particular axioms for vector space

C^n = the set of all column vectors of size n with entries from the set of complex numbers

Rho = a function outputting coefficients for a particular vector with respect to a particular basis

: a basis of V

: an arbitrary vector in V

: a vector comprising coefficients for basis vectors to form a vector “w”

: the size of the above vector = the dimension of the basis set

: this is the first coefficient in the above rho function (=the set of coefficients)

=======================================

** RHO AS LIENAR TRANSFOMRATION EXAMPLE

“C” as a particular basis set

: There are various bases, and “C” is one of them.
: For instance, the most basic basis set that “C” could’ve been is (1,0,0,0), (0,1,0,0),(0,0,1,0),(0,0,0,1)

: There are four vectors in the basis set C.

: There are four elements in the above vector.

=======================================
---------------------------------------------------------
Aside from the formal proof below, it can be seen that the above rho C y function satisfies the
two following requirements:
1. the scalar characteristics
2. the addition rule.

More specifically:
1. Multiplying “y” with 2, for instance, the coefficient set would be 2*(-28, -8, 11, 0).
2. When adding “y” to another vector, say, “x,” the addition rule will hold.
=======================================

: “vi” = an element in a particular basis

: “ei” = a standard basis vector
: A unique T is bound to exist (in accordance with LTDB)
: a basis vector => a standard vector

** T(vi) may have no specific formula and may be based only on a verbal definition.
As such, it might seem a bit arbitrary, due to LTDB.

: T is a function from a particular basis vector to a standard basis vector

: Through the “T” function, all the v’s in “w” will change to respective standard vectors.
: In the above equation, we deal with only a particular “i.”
: Hence, every other “i” than the said particular “i” will disappear.
: the rho specific to the particular “i" will remain the same because e1 comprises only 1.

Since the rho function is the same as T(w), the rho function is also a linear transformation.

=======================================

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Intuition 1
: this function may not be injective.

: this is injective. The input being a vector “w,” and the output being a vector set of coefficients.
: it is not sensical to believe that a different vector “y” of V can output the same set of
coefficients.
: Therefore, it is injective.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Intuition 2
The only way that the coefficient set vector in the domain can lead to a zero vector (under K(T))
in the codomain is that the coefficient set vector itself be a zero vector.
---------------------------------------------------------------------

: rho: from U to C^n

: therefore, K(T) = K(rho B)
: the 1st row of rho B (u) must be zero, and so are all the other rows.
: Therefore, not only is that T(u)=0 (courtesy of K(T)), but u=0 also holds necessarily.
: therefore, the injection.

=======================================

: when “surjective”
-> range = codomain
---------------------------------------------------------

Whatever coefficients we put in instead of -28, -8, 11, 0, we will get a “y” as an “output” (which is
actually an input).
Hence, the surjection.
---------------------------------------------------------

“v” = a particular coefficient vector

: it is peculiar that rho (coefficient function) is applied again to a term having “v” as a coefficient.
: because “rho B (u1)” = (1,0….) , “rho B (u2)” = (0,1……), and etc, only [v]1, [v]2, [v]3… remain.
: hence “rho B u = v” is established.
: Ultimately, through the LT function rho B, every vector v has an input in U,
; therefore, the surjection.

=======================================

=======================================