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Block matrix use can be sometimes misleading.

- A block matrix may comprise provisional entries.

LU factorization

: The above expression can be misleading in that “0” may or may not be in the bracket.
: If there is a single “0” column in the bracket, the 2nd column (c1) of A would turn into k1.
: If there are two “0” columns in the bracket, the 3rd column (c1) of A would turn into k1.
: The above details are not indicated in the Nicholson textbook.
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: When a matrix comprises block matrices, then its transpose means that the block matrices are
also transformed into transposes.

With regard to Schur’s theorem

Define:

: U2 is also a unitary matrix because W1 is a unitary matrix.

(U2)(U2)*
=
10
0 W1
--------------
10
0 W1^t, conjugate (we shouldn’t treat W1 as a single entry)
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Cholesky
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: Some of the details are abridged in the above demonstration.

: If r=n, there is no “0” in the “x” vector (which is (y,0)^t).
: If r<n, there are several rows of zero in the “x” vector.