customer: CEPCO

project: 380 kV XLPE cable system Madinah

subject: Calculation of the Emergency Current

Document KSH-110005-B-63E rev.01 Emergency Rating WD-340322 soil 1.96 single trench 1.0

1. General Data

The current rating of the cables was calculated according to

IEC Publication 60287-1-1 and 60287-2-1

1 Calculation of the continuous current

rating of cables (100% load factor) laid in ground

Cable type: Single-core XLPE power cable

2X(F)K2Y 1x2500 RMS 220/380 kV

Cable dimensions:

Diameter of conductor = 64.5 mm

Diameter over conductor screen = 68.5 mm

Diameter over insulation = 125.0 mm

Diameter over insulation screen = 129.5 mm

Diameter over swelling tape = 130.0 mm

Outer diameter over lead sheath = 142.5 mm

Thickness of PE oversheath = 4.5 mm

Outer diameter of cable = 151.5 mm

2. Continuous Current Carrying Calculations

One cable system

The calculation is based on following laying conditions:

-laying direct in ground in flat formation
-distance between cable axis = 800 mm
-laying depth to bottom of cable = 1700 mm
-max. soil temperature = 40 °C
-max. conductor temperature = 90 °C
-thermal resistivity of soil natural(constant) = 1.96 Km/W
-thermal resistivity of soil around the cables = 1.00 Km/W
-lead sheath bonded at single end or cross bonding

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 2.2. Using the formulae indicated in IEC 60287 we get the following values:

2.2.1. Calculation of A.C. resistance acc. to IEC 60287-1-1 clause 2.1

R  R'1  yS  yP 
where:
R = current resistance of conductor at [Ω/m]
max. operating temperature (90°C)
R' = d.c. resistance of conductor at [Ω/m]
max. operating temperature (90°C)
yS = skin effect factor
yP = proximity effect factor
α20 = temperature coefficient at 20°C (copper) = 0.00393

R' R 0 
 1  20    2 0 
where:
R0 = d.c. resistance of conductor at 20°C = 0.0000072 Ω/m
(acc. to IEC 60228)
Θ = max. operating temperature = 90 °C

R' = 9.18072E-06 W/m

4
X
yS  S

192  08
.  XS
4

where
8f
XS   10 7  k S
2

R'
kS = factor given in IEC 60287-1-1 table 2 = 0.435

2
XS = 7.1450

we get:

y S = 0.219

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  
2  2 
 dC    dC 
4

yP 
xP
   0.312    
1.18 
192  0.8  x P  s    s  
4 4
xP
  0.27 
   
4
192 0 . 8 x P

8 f
XP   10 7  k P
2

R'
where:
dC = diameter of conductor = 64.5 mm
s = distance between conductor axes = 800 mm
kP = factor given in IEC 60287-1-1 table 2 = 0.37

8    60
XP   10  7  0.4
2
4
0.0918  10 = 6.077

yP = 0.003

R  R'1  yS  yP  = 1.12205E-05 Ω/m

2.2.2. Dielectric loss acc. to IEC 60287-1-1 clause 2.2

W d    C  U 0  tan 
2

where:
ω = 2πf [1/s] = 376.99 1/s
C = capacitance per unit length [F/m] F/m
U0 = voltage to earth [V] 220000 V
tanδ = loss factor

 9
C  10
 D i 
1 8  ln  
 dC 

where:
ε = relative permitivity of the insulation = 2.4
Di = external diameter of the insulation = 129.5 mm
dC = diameter of conductor incl. screen = 68.5 mm
tanδ = loss factor used for calculations = 0.001

 9 = 2.09365E-10 F/m
C  10
 D i 
1 8  ln  
 dC 

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 W d  2    60  2 . 2  10  10

 220  10 3
 2
 0 . 001 = 3.820 W/m

2.2.3. Loss factor of sheath and screen acc. to IEC 287-1-1 clause 2.3.6

where:
  t  4

  g S  0  1  1   2   1 S 12 
RS

R 12 10
and:

R 

  1  20   S  20 
S
A S
1 . 74
 t 
gS  1   S    1  D S  10 3
 1 .6
 DS 

4  
1 
10 7   S

 m2   d  
2

0  6     with m  10 7
 1  m 2   2s  RS

where:
RS = resistance of sheath or screen of cable [Ω/m]
at max. operating temperature
AS = cross section of lead sheath = 2673 mm²
= 0.002673 m²
ϑs = max. sheath operating temperature = 80 °C
d = mean diameter of lead sheath = 136.25 mm
ρS = electrical resistivity of lead = 0.000000214 Ω/m
α20 = temperature coefficient of lead = 0.004 1/K
DS = external diameter of lead sheath = 142.5 mm
tS = thickness of lead sheath = 6.25 mm

 1. 4 m  0 . 7 
 d 
  0 .8 6  m 3 .0 8
 
1
 2s 
2  0

then we get the following values: 1.24

R 

  1  20   S  20  = 9.92742E-05 Ω/m
S
A S

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 4  
1  = 47.1
10 7   S
1 . 74
 t 
g S  1   S    1  D S  10 3
 1 .6 = 1.080
 DS 


m  10 7 = 0.38
RS

 m2   d 
2

0  6     = 0.0055
 1  m 2   2s 

 1. 4 m  0 . 7 
 d 
  0 .8 6  m 3 .0 8
  = 0.002097718
1
 2s 

  t  4

  S   g S  0  1  1   2   1 S 12 
R = 0.0580
R 12 10

2.2.3.1. Effect of large segmental type conductors

[acc. to IEC 60287-1-1, chapter 2.3.5]

4M ² N ²  ( M  N )²
F = 0.002527895
4( M ²  1)( N ²  1)

where

Rs
M = 0.041713952
X  Xm

Rs
N = 0.058984608
Xm
X
3

F = effect of large segmental type conductors

Rs = Ac resistance of the sheath = 0.000099 Ω/m

Xm = 2 *  * 10 7 ln( 2) (Ω/m) = 0.000523 Ω/m

2s
X = 2 * *107 ln( ) = 0.0019 Ω/m
d

6/23/2016 KSH/Heuser page 5 of 14

  elsc = F * = 0.000146708

2.2.4. Calculation of thermal resistances acc. to 60287-2-1 clause 2

2.2.4.1. Thermal resistance between one conductor and sheath T 1

T  2  t1 
T1   ln1  
2  dC 

where:
ρT = thermal resistivity of insulation = 3.5 Km/W
dC = diameter of conductor = 64.5 mm
t1 = thickness of insulation between = 28.25 mm
conductor and sheath

T  2  t 1 
T1   ln1 
= 0.350 Km/W
2  dC 

2.2.4.2 Thermal resistance of bedding T 2

B  2  t2 
T2   ln1  
2  DS 
where:
ρB = thermal resistivity of bedding = 6.0 Km/W
DS = external diameter of screen = 142.5 mm
t2 = thickness of bedding = 0.0 mm
B  2  t2 
T2   ln1   = 0.0000 Km/W
2  DS 

2.2.4.3 Thermal resistance of outer covering T 3

T  2  t 3 
T3   ln1 
2  Da 
where:
ρT = thermal resistivity of outer covering = 3.5 Km/W
Da = external diameter of cable = 151.5 mm
t3 = thickness of covering = 4.5 mm
t3additional = thickness of bedding = 0.5 mm

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 T  2  t 3 
T3   ln1  = 0.0356 Km/W
2  Da 

2.2.4.4. External thermal resistance T 4

Three cables having approximately equal losses, laid in a horizontal plane;

Equally spaced apart: [acc. to IEC 60287-2-1, chapter 2.2.3.2.2]

   
 
2
1  2L 
T4   T   ln u  u 2  1  ln 1    
2    s1   

where:
L = distance from surface of the ground = 1624 mm
to the cable axis
De* = external diameter of cable = 151.5 mm

u = 2L = 21.44
De
s1 = axial separation between cables = 800 mm

ρT = thermal resistivity of soil around cables = 1.00 Km/W

   2L 2 =
T4 
1
2

  
T  ln u  u2  1  ln1    
1.0535 Km/W


   s1  

2.2.4.4.1Correction factor for Cables in Concrete Bank / backfill material
[corection factor acc. IEC60287-2-1, chapter 2.2.7.3]

N
T4add  (e  c ) ln(u  u 2 1) 0.153462 Km/W
2
Where

N = Number of loaded cables in bank 3

ρε = Thermal resistivity of earth around bank 1.96 Km/W

ρc = Thermal resistivity of concrete / backfill (around cables) 1.0 Km/W

LG
u  1.06
rb

L G = Depth of laying to centre of bank 1050 mm

rb = Equivalent radius of concrete bank / backfill material

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 1 x4 x  y2  x
ln rb     ln 1  2   ln rb = 993.7801 mm
2 y y  x  2

with

x= 1700 mm

y= 2000 mm

and x, y = Shorter and longer sides of bank section

Y
ratio Y/X <3 = 1.18
X

This formula is only valid for ratios Y/X < 3; otherwise it has to be ignored.

T4ges = T4+T4add 1.2070 Km/W

2.2.5. Calculation current carrying capacity

ΔΘ- Wd [0.5 T1 n (T2 T3 T4ges]

I
RT1 nR 11T2 nR 11 2  T3 T4ges
= 1579.2 A

with n = 1

2 = 0

Remark: Because of the higher accuracy, values given before based

on a computer program might be different from the values calculated
with this manual method.

6/23/2016 KSH/Heuser page 8 of 14

 3 Permissible emergency overload

Standard for calculation IEC 60853-2 (1989)

3.1. Final losses

For calculation the transient temperature response of the cable and the environment, the
continuous total losses of the hottest cable at the end of the overload period are needed.

The continuous losses and conductor temperature are:

wl = losses of the conductor 43.8 W/m

wS = losses of the screen 0.0064 W/m

initial temperature of cable i = 90.0 ºC

final temperature of cable  = 105.0 ºC

Duration of Emergency = 3.0 h

10,800 s

Initial current = 1520 A

Emergency Current = 1975 A

3.2 Calculation of thermal constants

3.2.1 Thermal capacities of the components of the cable

Thermal capacitance of Conductor:

 2
C c   Cu dc = 11272.70 J/Km³
4
with dc=diameter of conductor 64.5 mm

Cu  3.45 106 (J/m3K) thermal capacitance of copper

Thermal capacitance of first portion of insulation:


Ci1  XLPE dc (Di  dc ) = 7902.68 J/Km³
4
with Di = external diameter of dielectric = 129.5 mm

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  XLPE  2.4 106 (J/m3K) thermal capacitance of XLPE

Thermal capacitance of second portion of insulation


Ci 2   XLPE Di (Di  dc ) = 15,866.61 J/Km³
4
Ci  Ci1  Ci2 = 23,769.29 J/Km³

Thermal capacitance of sheath

C S   Pb QSheath = 9,221.85 J/Km³

 Pb  3.45  10 6 J/m3K thermal capacitance of lead

with QSheath as the cross-sections of the metal sheath.

C j   PE  QPE = 4987.5925 J/Km³

with

Cj = Thermal capacitance of outer covering

 PE  2 .4  10 6 (J/m³K) thermal capacitance of PE

Q PE =cross section of outer sheath = 2,078.16 mm²

0.00207816 m³
The time constant of the cable is calculated as:

T  T1 T2 T3 total thermal resistance = 0.39 Km/W

C  Cc Ci1 Ci2 CS Cj total thermal capacity = 49,251.43 J/Km³

1
For durations of transient > TC clause 1.4.2 is applied,
3
for durations of transient between 600 s and 1 clause 1.4.3
TC
3
1 = 6,337.93 s
TC
3

3.2.3 Calculation of partial transients for long duration

1 1
p  = 0.94
 Di   Di 
2

2 ln      1
 dc   dc 

1 1
p   = 0.49
 D   De 
2

2 ln  e    1
 Ds   Ds 

6/23/2016 KSH/Heuser page 10 of 14

 with De=Outer diameter of cable = 151.5 mm
wl  w s
qs  = 1.00 W/m
wl

T A  T1 = 0.35 Km/W

T B  q sT3 = 0.04 Km/W

Q A  C c  pC i = 33,609.86

Cs  pCj
QB  (1 p)Ci  = 13,095.18
qs

M0 
1
QA TA  TB  QBTB  = 6,720.89
2
N 0  Q AT A Q B T B = 5,492,735.39

M 0  M 02  N 0
a = 2.3704E-03
N0

M0  M02  N0
b = 7.6806E-05
N0

1 1 
Ta   bTA TB  = 0.0011
abQA 

Tb TA TB Ta = 0.3872

3.2.4 Calculation of partial transients for short duration

1 1
p*   = 0.83
 Di   Di 
ln    1
 dc   dc 

1
T A  T1 = 0.18 Km/W
2

1
TB  T1  q s T 3 = 0.21 Km/W
2

QA Cc  p*Ci = 31,097.85

2
 
 Cs  pCj  qsT3 
* *
 
QB  p Ci2  1 p Ci1  (1 p )Ci2 
*

qs  1
  = 18,522.22
 
 T1  qsT 
2 

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 M0 
1
QA TA  TB  QBTB  = 7,955.40
2

N0  QATAQBTB = 21,279,582.51

M  M 2
 N0 = 6.784E-04
a  0 0

N0

M 0  M 02  N 0
b = 6.927E-05
N0

1 1 
Ta   bTA TB  = 0.057
a b QA 

Tb TA TB Ta = 0.329

3.3 Calculation of temperature rise of the centre cable (long duration)

3.3.1 Transient temperature rise of the conductor

   
c t   Wc Ta 1  e at  Tb 1  e bt  = 9.6 ºC

with

W C =conductor losses = 43.8 W/m

t = duration = 10,800 s

3.3.2 Transient response of the cable environment for long duration

 W

   De2  
  L2  k  N 1    d pk 2    
 d' 2

 e t   T l  Ei   Ei     Ei     Ei
 
pk
   4t    4t 
4   16t   t  k 1      
 

= 14.71169799 °C
with

dpk: Distance from center of p-th cable to center of cable k

d’pk:Distance from center of p-th cable to center of thermal equivalent of cable k

-Ei(-x) = the exponential integral function, calculated acc. to

 Ei  x    0 . 5772  ln  x   

  1 n x n
n 1 n n!

6/23/2016 KSH/Heuser page 12 of 14

 refer for example to Bronstein-Semendjajew, p 326 or other comparable mathematical formula books.

n = number of conductors in a cable = = 1

W l = the total power loss of each cable = 47.6 W/m

ρT: Thermal Resistivity of soil = 1 Km/W

δ = thermal diffusivity of soil = 6.00E-06 m²/s

d 21
= 800 mm

d 23 = 800 mm
'
d 21 = 3,345.56 mm

d 23' = 3,345.56 mm

L = laying depth = 1,624 mm

  D 2

 e
  = -0.02
 16 t  
 
-Ei(-x) = = 3.83
  L  2
   = -40.71
 t 
-Ei(-x) = = 0.00
  d 21  2

  = -2.47
 4t 
 
-Ei(-x) = = 0.03
 d21
 2 
  = -43.18
 4t 
 
-Ei(-x) = = 0.00
  d 23  2

  = -2.47
 4t 
 
-Ei(-x) = = 0.03
  d 23
 2 
  = -43.18
 4 t 
 
-Ei(-x) = = 0.00

6/23/2016 KSH/Heuser page 13 of 14

 3.3.3 Transient rise of the conductor including environment with attainment factor

 c t 
a t   = 0.56
Wc Ta  Tb 

t   c  t  * e t  = 17.9 ºC

3.3.4 Correction to transient temperature response for variation in conductor losses

with temperature

 t 
 a t  
1        t  
= 13.34 ºC

α: Temperature Coefficient= = 3.93E-03

c t  i  a t = conductor temperature end of emergency duration= 103.3 ºC

Remark: Because of the higher accuracy, values given before based

on a computer program might be different from the values calculated
with this manual method.

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