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METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the method and materials that was used by the
researchers. Specifically, the study presents the research design, subject of the
treatment of data.
Research Design
correct use of function words and figurative language of the students. Moreover,
variables are associated with each other and used to describe the present
relationship thus determined could be used for making predictions. On the other
Lingayen Campus, located at Alvear St. Lingayen, Pangasinan during the first
The respondents of this study were the seventy-five (75) English students
from the Junior AB English Program Academic Year 2014-2015. Given the total
randomly chose: thirty-six (36) from section A and thirty-nine (39) from section B
samples from the different strata of the population used in the study. Thus, this is
used when the population of the inquiry has class stratifications or groupings and
is applied when the population is divided into different strata or classes wherein
each class must be represented in the study that is why this sampling was used.
groups known as strata. In stratified random sampling, the strata are formed
based on members’ shared attributes or characteristics. A random sample form
compared to the population. In other words, these subset of the strata are then
which all the elements of the population belong. Then, the researchers divide or
whole class or stratum that make the elements of the population different from
one another.
data instrument from the study of Escalada, Jamaica et.al (2010), the survey
respondents which was modified and involved more profile variables such as
English and Literature subjects, reading habit, reading attitude and media
exposure, excluding the first language spoken, language used at home and
literature subjects taken which was originally involved from the study of
literature performance was divided into two. The first dealt on correct use of
Speech and Proverbial Expression which was adopted from the books written by
The correct use of Function Words contains fifty (50) items and the figurative
language containing sixty (60) items having three (3) categories, a total of one-
the Languages Department, and Thesis Professor. The request was granted, the
researchers then coordinate with the subject teacher to conduct the study and
letters for the respondents were also given in order to know their available time.
personally and tried to entertain questions from the respondents for some
collected by the researchers personally. On the other hand, the data were
collected, tallied and tabulated by the researchers with the guidance of the
statistician. The data tallied and tabulated were given to the statistician for
analysis and computation. Then, the data analysed by the statistician and
After all the needed data had been gathered and properly tabulated,
summary tables were constructed and appropriate statistical test were applied to
P= ( Nf ) x 100
Where: P = percentage
F = frequency
N = number of respondents
the respondents, the average weighted mean was used, using the below formula:
Wxn
AWM =
N
W = description
n = respondents
Where: P = percentage
F = frequency
N = number of respondents
For the performance level of the students in Correct Usage, the tabulated
0 – 10 very low
11 – 20 low
21 – 30 average
31 – 40 high
41 – 50 very high
tabulated scores of each student were interpreted using the scale below.
0 – 10 very low
11 – 20 low
21 – 30 average
31 – 40 high
41 – 50 very high
Function Words and Figurative Language and profile variables, Chi-Square test
Σ ( Of −Ef ) 2
Formula: x 2=
Ef
Where:
2
x = Chi-Square
0f = observed frequency
Ef = expected frequency