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MATERIAL?
Welcome!
The unit of competency, “Exercise Efficient and Effective
Sustainable Practices in the Workplace”, is one of the nine basic
competencies of level II qualifications which comprises the knowledge, skills
and attitudes for you to posses.
The module, “Exercising Efficient and Effective Sustainable
Practices in the Workplace”, contains training materials and activities for
you to complete. It is one of the modules required to complete a certain
qualification.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. Information
Sheet (IS) consists of learning contents that you need to attain while
reading. After IS is a Self-Check (SC) that will help you test yourself if you
have attained the larning objectives.
Task Sheets (TS), Job Sheets (JS) and Procedural Sheet (PS) are
activity sheets that will helpyopu practice the skills previously discussed in
the IS or demonstrated by your Learning Facilitator (LF). A Performance
Criteria Checklist (PCC) and Procedural Checklist (PC) are provided with
the TS or JS, and PS which will aloow for self-evaluaiton or peer evaluaiton.
These checklist may be used by your LF to evaluate your performance.
Follow these activities on your own. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to
ask your LF for assistance.
The goal of this program is the development of practical skills. To gain
this skill, you must learn basic concepts and terminology. For the most part,
you’ll get this informaiton from the IS.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency.
This will be the source of informaiton for you to acquire knowledge
and skills in this competency independently and at your own pace, with
minimum supervision or help from your LF.
Remember to:
● Work through all the information sheets and complete the
activities in each section.
● Read IS and complete SC. Suggested references are included to
supplement the materials provided in this module.
Note:
Training is the sole purpose of this learning materials. Some pictures are taken
from google as references.
CONDITION:
Student/ trainee must be provided with the following:
Tools Equipment Materials/ Supplies
Projector CBLM
Laptop
METHODOLOGY:
● Group Discussion
● Lecture
● Demonstration
● Simulation
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 1: Identify Problem
Learning Activities Specific Instructions
1. Read INFORMATION Read and understand the information
SHEET 8.1-1 in sheet. After reading, answer the self-check
Importance of to determine your learning.
Environmental Literacy
2. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.1- Refer your answers to the answer key 8.1-
1 on 1 for self-check. You are required to get
ALL answers correct. If not, read the
Importance of
information sheet again to answer all
Environmental Literacy
questions correctly.
4. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.1- Refer your answers to the answer key 8.1-
2 on Process of minimizing 2 for self-check. You are required to get
waste ALL answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
5. Read INFORMATION Read and understand the information
SHEET 8.1-3 on Energy sheet. After reading, answer the self-check
Efficiency to determine your learning.
6. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.1- Refer your answers to the answer key 8.1-
3 on Energy Efficiency 3 for self-check. You are required to get
ALL answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
8. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.1- Refer your answers to the answer key 8.1-
4 on How to go green at 4 for self-check. You are required to get
work ALL answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Discuss the steps in problem solving;
2. Identify a problem;
3. Value the skills of asking question to solve a problem.
A. SHORT ESSAY.
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the
answer on your answer sheet.
A. SHORT ESSAY
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Discuss waste minimization technique;
2. Explain the 3 R’s of waste minimization;
3. Appreciate the benefits of waste minimization.
Reduce
This calls for using resources
that are just enough to cater to
your needs for instance building a
smaller house. This is an effective
way of conserving resources as it
also lowers the costs. This can be
achieved through attaining
accuracy when ordering to ensure
that there is no waste or no material is sitting on the site for long periods
that it is damaged.
Reuse
Recycle
Using left over resources or
those resources that have reached
the end of their life minimizes the
need for new materials as well as
lowers the volume that ends up in
landfills.
Thus, it is advisable to use
materials that are recyclable as this
creates a market for the resources
that are recycled while also raising the price that recyclers pay for resources
that are recovered even as the recycling viability increases.
Exchange of Waste
Here, the waste products from one process
are used as raw materials for other processes.
Exchange of waste is another means of
minimizing waste disposal volumes especially for
waste that may not be eliminated.
Zero waste
This systems approach is designed to
eliminate waste from the source as well as at
every point of the supply chain to ensure that no
waste is produced. This design philosophy places
emphasis on waste prevention and not waste
management at the end of production line.
SELF-CHECK 8.1-2
Process of Minimizing Waste
A. MULTIPLE CHOICES
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the
answer on your answer sheet.
2. Using left over resources or those resources that have reached the
end of their life minimizes the need for new materials as well as
lowers the volume that ends up in landfills.
a. Zero waste
b. Recycle
c. Reduce
d. Reuse
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. D
2. B
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU should be able to:
Energy efficiency is playing an increasingly vital role in our lives, for three
main reasons:
The environment
The more energy we use, the more
carbon emissions are pumped into
the atmosphere and the more our
reserves of natural resources such as
oil, coal and gas are depleted. We
need to reduce our reliance on these
energy sources, and one way to do
that is to make sure we all use
energy as efficiently as possible.
The economy
The global economy is based heavily
on oil and gas, and as these
resources dwindle their cost will
increase, causing financial
imbalances around the world and
resulting in energy poverty in many
areas of society.
Your bank balance!
Lowering Bills
Energy-efficient appliances can
save a U.S. household up to $500 a year
on utility bills. People who live in the five
least-efficient states (Wyoming, North
Dakota, Alabama, South Dakota, and
Mississippi) have seen their electric bills
increase twice as much as those who live
in the five most-efficient states
(California, Oregon, Connecticut,
Vermont, and New York), according to
2016 rankings.
Low-income urban households have an energy burden—the
proportion of income spent on energy—three times higher than that of
higher-income households, partially due to lack of weatherization. Similarly,
the energy burden on low-income rural families is nearly three times that of
other rural households.
Improving Lives
Energy efficiency can also help
people live healthier, longer lives. Cutting
nationwide energy consumption by 15
percent for one year via efficiency
measures could help save six American
lives a day and avoid up to $20 billion in
health-related problems.
When power plants burn coal, oil, and natural gas, they release tiny
particles into the air we breathe; these particles are linked to asthma, heart
attacks, and lung cancer. Inside a home, inefficient ventilation and
Strengthening Independence
On a larger scale, energy efficiency can improve energy security, creating a
more resilient power grid and making the country less dependent on foreign
sources of fossil fuels.
SELF-CHECK 8.1-3
Energy Efficiency
Steps
1. Feel empowered. You don't need to
be management to institute change;
your role as someone who cares
about improving the energy
efficiency and healthiness of your
workplace is just as vital as those
able to make the "big decisions".
In fact, change from the bottom-up is
often a lot more effective as everyone
has "buy-in". And just because you
don't make the purchasing
decisions, it doesn't mean you can't influence them.
5. Reduce your paper waste. Do you have to print out every email
and handout? Reduce paper waste by deciding to go paperless
wherever possible. You can
try to:
a. Keep copies of
important emails, files,
and more on your
computer, or share
them online or in the
cloud.
b. Use old paper with
extra space to print small documents.
c. Don’t get any extra catalogs or magazines mailed to your
office. Use a sharing system to pass around interesting
materials between everyone's in-trays, or get off mailing lists
entirely and consult such matter online. This saves paper
and money, and it cuts down on clutter.
d. Get your check directly deposited. Payment direct to your
bank account saves paper, and it's likely to save you time,
too.
e. Send company updates through email instead of on paper.
f. Use just one paper towel each time you wash your hands.
6. Prioritize your paper use. When you do use paper, make eco-
friendly paper choices. Here
are some things you can do:
a. Buy recycled and
chlorine-free paper.
b. Try paper made from
organic products like
9. Green your desk, cubicle, office... literally. Get a plant and place
it on or near your desk. Better
yet, buy plants for all of your
neighbors. They will not only
see this as a friendly gesture,
but they’ll also have cleaner
air to breathe. Plants absorb
indoor air pollution and
increase the flow of oxygen, so
get a green accessory to
complement your desk. Check out wiki How's article on how to
choose a good office plant.
11. Eat green and healthy. Everyone looks forward to their lunch
break. You can save a good
amount of money (about
$3,000 a year) by not going
out to eat every day and
instead packing your lunch.
Follow these lunch tips to
have healthier, greener eating
habits:
a. Pack your lunch in a
reusable lunch bag or box. Bento boxes are popular, allowing
you to have a delicious, healthy variety every lunch.
b. If you bring your lunch in a paper or plastic bag, recycle it.
Plastic bags can be washed and left standing upside down
overnight to dry.
c. Use containers, mugs, and silverware that can be washed
and used again.
12. Travel green. The first part of your workday starts with getting
to work, and for many people
that means driving.
Cars emit tons of carbon dioxide
gases into the air, contributing
to greenhouse gases. Getting
stuck in a traffic jam regularly is
also bound to increase your
stress levels. Here are some
ideas you can do for a green ride:
a. Join a ride share or
carpool.
b. Take the train, bus or subway.
c. Ride a bike or walk if you live close enough.
d. Invest in a hybrid or electric car, but remember that the
energy to power it must still come from somewhere.
e. Reduce your travel by telecommuting, or working from home
whenever possible. This option is becoming increasingly
viable for many office-based jobs, and if your workplace
offers it, look into the potential of using it for at least some of
your work week.
f. Reduce your air travel, too. You'll save time, money, and
significant greenhouse gas emissions by phoning or
teleconferencing in to a meeting, instead of flying to be there.
A. Enumeration
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the
answer on your answer sheet.
1. Give the 13 steps of how to go green at work.
A. Enumeration
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU should be able to:
1. Identify the eight wastes of lean;
2. Develop habits that would reduce waste in daily routine;
Lean thinking aims to remove wastes from work processes. Before diving
into the 8 wastes, it is important to understand what waste is.
Waste is any action or step in a process that does not add value to the
customer. In other words, waste is any process that the customer does not
want to pay for.
The original seven wastes (Muda) was developed by Taiichi Ohno, the
1. Transport
Waste in transportation includes movement of people, tools,
inventory, equipment, or products further than necessary. Excessive
movement of materials can lead to product damage and defects.
Additionally, excessive movement of people and equipment can lead to
unnecessary work, greater wear and tear, and exhaustion.
In the office, workers who collaborate with each other often
should be close together. In the factory, materials necessary for
production should be easily accessible at the production location and
double or triple handling of materials should be avoided.
3. Motion
4. Waiting
In the office, waiting waste can include waiting for others to respond to an
email, having files waiting for review, ineffective meetings, and waiting for
the computer to load a program. In the manufacturing facility, waiting waste
can include waiting for materials to arrive, waiting for the proper
instructions to start manufacturing, and having equipment with insufficient
capacity.
continuous flow or single piece flow, leveling out the workload by using
standardized work instructions, and developing flexible multi-skilled
workers who can quickly adjust in the work demands.
5. Overproduction
However, rather than producing products just when they are needed
under the ‘Just In Time’ philosophy, the ‘Just In Case’ way of working leads
a host of problems including preventing smooth flow of work, higher storage
costs, hiding defects inside the WIP, requiring more capital expenditure to
fund the production process, and excessive lead-time.
6. Over-processing
mind before starting work, produce to the level of quality and expectation
that the customer desires, and make only the quantities needed.
7. Defects
Defects occurs when the product is not fit for use. This typically
results in either reworking or scrapping the product. Both results are
wasteful as they add additional costs to the operations without delivering
any value to the customer.
Here are four countermeasures for defects. Firstly, look for the most
frequent defec and focus on it. Secondly, design a process to detect
abnormalities and do not pass any defective items along the production
process. Thirdly, redesign the process so that does not lead to defects.
Lastly, use standardize work to ensure a consistent manufacturing process
that is defect free.
Even though it was not part of the Toyota Production System (TPS),
many people are well aware of the 8th waste - the waste of human potential.
The first step to reducing waste is recognizing that they exist and
having an effective process for identifying them. Value Stream Mapping
In order to identify wastes, use the VSM and start with the end
customer in mind. Work backwards from the end customer to the start of
the production processes. Document instances of the 8 wastes in the
processes and develop a plan for eliminating or reducing them.
SELF-CHECK 8.3-1
A. Multiple Choice.
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the
answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is any action or step in a process that does not add value to the
customer.
a. Inventory
b. Product
c. Wastes
d. Motion
2. It refers to doing more work, adding more components, or having
more steps in a product or service than what is required by the
customer
a. Over-processing
5. Wastes resulting from excess products and materials that are not
processed.
a. Over-production
b. Over-processing
c. Inventory
d. Skills wastes
9. Wastes from time spent waiting for the next process step to occur.
a. Waiting
b. Defects
c. Motion
d. Skills
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. D
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
http://www.fundee.org/campaigns/nclb/whyee.htm
https://dynamix-
project.eu/sites/default/files/WP2%20D2%202%20Reasons%20for%20(in)ef
ficiency_ExecSummary_20092013_final.pdf
https://theleanway.net/The-8-Wastes-of-Lean
http://www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiency/
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/energy-consumption.html
https://www.wikihow.com/Go-Green-at-Work