Name: Dhannieca I.

Solar
BSED SCIENCE 1

Special Problem 1
In the 1930s, most scientists believed that Earth's crust and interior were solid
and motionless. A small group of scientists were talking about "continental drift," which
is the idea that Earth's crust is not stationary, but is constantly shifting and moving.
From seismic data, geophysical evidence, and laboratory experiments, scientists
now generally agree that lithospheric plates move at the surface. Both Earth's surface
and interior are in motion. Solid rock in the mantle can be softened and shaped when
subjected to the heat and pressure within Earth's interior over millions of years.
Subduction processes are believed by many scientists to be the driving force of
plate tectonics. At present, this theory cannot be directly observed and confirmed. The
lithospheric plates have moved in the past and are still moving today. The details of why
and how they move will continue to challenge scientists.
Earth's crust is described as "constantly shifting and moving." Give one example
of geologic evidence that supports the conclusion that continents have drifted
apart.

The rock formations—We can learn about the evolution of life on Earth by studying the
evidence found in rocks. The production of fresh silt and rocks is part of the rock cycle,
and rocks are commonly found in layers, with the oldest on the bottom.

The rock cycle, which is a cyclic occurrence, includes the transformation of rocks from
one form to another. The steps are as follows: Igneous rocks form when hot lava cools.
After that, igneous rocks are broken down into small particles that are transported and
deposited. Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks are the three types of rocks.
Physical changes in the rock cycle, such as melting, cooling, eroding, compacting, or
deforming, produce each of these rocks. This mechanism transfers heat and results in
the formation of magma. Over millions of years, the magma in this subduction zone has
the potential to construct a sequence of active volcanoes known as a volcanic arc. Flux
melting happens when water or carbon dioxide is injected to rock. As a consequence,
the rock dissolves.

REFERENCES:
https://geologyglasgow.org.uk/local-rocks/the-rock-cycle/#:~:text=The%20rock%20cycle
%20is%20a,type%2C%20as%20this%20diagram%20illustrates%3A&text=When%20th
e%20magma%20solidifies%2C%20it%20becomes%20an%20igneous%20rock.

Special Problem 2
Study finds eruption split an ancient continent, creating Atlantic Ocean. The
largest volcanic eruption in Earth's history-so powerful it split an ancient supercontinent
and created the Atlantic Ocean spewed millions of square miles of searing lava that
extinguished much of life on ancient Earth.
From hundreds of basalt outcrops that rim the Atlantic coasts, scientists have
pieced together evidence of the titanic eruption 200 million years ago. Researchers said
that the eruption set the fractured landmasses adrift and, by wedging them apart,
gradually opened the gulf that created the Atlantic giving the map of the world the form it
has today. "This is one of the biggest things that has ever happened in Earth's history.
This is a gigantic, igneous event and it all seems to have occurred in an amazingly brief
amount of time."
To reconstruct the ancient catastrophe, a team of scientists analyzed basalt
dikes, sills, and lavas from the New Jersey Palisades. the Brazilian Amazon, Spain, and
West Africa. By studying the chemical composition and dating the residual radioisotopes
in the basaltic rocks, the researchers determined that the rocks all originated from the
same eruption. Once they realized the outcrops were linked, they were able to
determine that, in the distant past, the rocks all had been located together at the center
of an immense continent called Pangaea that once stretched, unbroken from pole to
pole.
Name the geologic time period when this major volcanic eruption initially opened the
Atlantic Ocean.

MESOZOIC ERA
The Mesozoic Era is separated into three geologic eras that cover around 230 million to 65 million years
of Earth history: Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous. In 1841, English geologist John Phillips created the
term, which meaning "middle life." In most regions, unconformities, or breaks in the geologic record's
deposition sequence, split the rock strata created throughout the three eras. In the history of life and the
evolution of the Earth, the Mesozoic was a period of transition. By the end of the Paleozoic Era,
geosynclines had been confined to the Tethys Seas (present Mediterranean Sea and Middle East) and
the circum-Pacific region, with the remainder having undergone the last phases of mountain-building
orogenies that converted them into mountains.

REFERENCES:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fearthhow.com%2Fmesozoic-era%2F&psi
g=AOvVaw03chmGe79pRL8NeKKcJ0PM&ust=1642655227878000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0
CAsQjRxqFwoTCOC94fKFvfUCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/mesozoic-era/#:~:text=The%20Mes
ozoic%20was%20a%20time,the%20evolution%20of%20the%20Earth.&text=According%20to%20th
e%20theory%20of,torn%20apart%20during%20the%20Mesozoic.