LAPO

RANPRATIKUM E
LEKTRO
NIKADAS
AR

”
Pen
yea
rahS
et
en
gahG
el
omb
angd
an

G
el
omb
angPe
nuhd
eng
anS
is
te
mCT”

Di
s
usu
nOl
e
h:

Na
ma :Fa
uziZ
alE
fen
di

NI
M :2
003
400
6

Pr
odi :
Fis
i
ka

Do
se
n :Dr
s.HUFRI
,M.
Si

Ma
tak
uli
ah :
Ele
kt
ro
ni
kaDa
sar1

FAKULTASMATE
MATIKADANILMUPE
NGE
TAHUANALAM

UNIVE
RSITASNE
GERIPADANG

2
021
A.J
udu
l

”
Pen
yea
rahS
et
en
gahG
el
omb
angd
anG
el
omb
angPe
nuhd
eng
anS
is
te
mCT”

B.Tu
jua
n

1
.Me
nga
mat
ibe
nt
ukt
eg
ang
ank
el
ua
rand
arir
ang
kai
anp
en
yea
rahs
et
en
gahg
el
omb
angd
an
g
el
omb
angp
en
uhs
i
st
emC
Tta
npaf
i
lt
erd
and
eng
anf
i
lt
er
.

2
.Me
ne
nt
uka
nbe
sa
rte
gan
gank
el
ua
rand
arip
en
yea
rahs
et
en
gahg
el
omb
angd
ang
el
omb
angp
en
uh
C
Tta
npaf
i
lt
er
.

3
.Me
ne
ne
nt
uka
nbe
sa
rte
gan
gank
el
ua
rand
arip
en
yea
rahs
et
en
gahg
el
omb
angd
ang
el
omb
ang
p
en
uhs
ys
te
mCT

4
.Me
ne
nt
uka
npe
nga
ruhn
il
ait
aha
nand
ank
apa
si
ta
nsid
arik
apa
si
to
rte
rha
dapt
eg
ang
anr
ia
k
(
ri
pp
lev
ol
ta
ge)d
ant
eg
ang
ank
el
ua
rand
arip
en
yea
rahg
el
omb
angd
eng
anf
i
lt
er
.

C
.
Ala
tda
nBa
han
Pe
ral
at
an Ba
hana
tauk
omp
one
n
. Mu
1 lt
ime
te
r . Tr
1 ans
fo
rma
to
r
.O
2 s
i
lo
sko
pdu
aCh
ann
el . Di
2 od
e p
er
sa
mbu
nga
n p
n (
di
od
e
. Pr
3 oj
ec
tb
oa
rd p
en
yea
rah
)
. Ka
3 pas
i
tor
el
ek
to
li
k
. LE
4 D
. Ka
5 be
lPe
ngh
ubu
ng

C
.
Tug
asPe
nda
hul
ua
n

. J
1 el
as
kan
la
hfu
ngs
ida
rims
i
ng-
mas
i
ngk
omp
one
npe
nye
ar
ahg
el
omb
ang
J
awa
b:
1
.
Tra
nsf
or
mat
or
f
ung
sit
ran
sf
or
mato
rada
la
huntu
kmeny
alu
rka
nen
erg
ili
st
ri
kkete
gan
ganr
end
ahma
upu
nke
t
eg
anga
nti
ngg
i,p
en
yal
ur
anin
ibe
rl
an
gsu
ngdal
amfr
eku
ens
iyan
gsama.
 
2
.Di
od
e p
er
sa
mbu
nga
n p
n (
di
od
epe
nye
ar
ah)
 
pe
rs
amb
ung
anP-
N,a
ta
uju
gas
er
in
gdi
s
ebu
tse
ba
gaik
omp
one
nya
ngt
er
di
rid
ari2l
ap
is
an
s
emi
ko
ndu
kto
rP(
po
si
ti
f
)da
nN(
neg
ati
f
).Di
od
ame
mil
i
kif
ung
siu
ntu
kme
ngh
ant
ar
kana
rus
l
i
st
ri
kpa
das
aatb
i
asma
j f
u(o
rwa
rdb
i
as)d
anme
ngh
amb
ata
rusl
i
st
ri
kpa
das
aatb
i
asb
al
ik
r
(e
ve
rs
ebi
as
).
3.
Kap
asi
t
ore
l
ekt
ol
ik
 d
igu
naka
nu n
tukme
nget
ahu
ibe
ra
pani
la
ikap
as
it
asse
bu
ahe
l
cod
id
al
ams
at
ua
nuf(
mik
rof
ar
ad)
.
Fung
sit
ers
eb
utse
ri
ngk
al
idis
eb
uts
eb
aga
ikap
as
it
orpo
la
r.

4
.
LED
Le
d (
Lig
th-
Emi
t
ti
ngDi
od
e)me
mil
i
ki 
fun
gsi
 u
ta
mad
al
amd
uni
ael
e
ktr
oni
kas
eb
aga
iin
di
ka
to
r
a
ta
usi
ny
ali
nd
ik
ato
r/
l
amp
uin
di
ka
to
r

5
.Ka
be
lPe
ngh
ubu
ng

Un
ti
kme
ngh
ubu
ngk
ank
omp
one
nsa
tud
eng
ank
omp
one
nla
in
nya
.

.J
2 e
l
ask
anl
ahp
ri
ns
ipk
erj
ada
rip
en
yea
rahs
et
en
gahg
el
omb
angd
anp
en
yea
rahg
el
omb
ang
p
en
uhd
eng
ans
i
st
emC
T

J
awa
b:

Pe
nye
ar
ahg
el
omb
angp
en
uhC
T(c
en
te
rta
p)d
ib
ang
und
eng
ant
ra
nsf
or
mat
orC
Tda
ndu
a
d
io
daD1d
anD2
,te
rhu
bun
gse
pe
rt
iya
ngd
it
unj
ukk
anp
adag
amb
ard
iba
wahi
ni
.Ke
ti
ka
c
at
uda
yaACO
N,t
eg
ang
anmu
ncu
ldit
er
min
alABs
i
sit
er
min
als
ek
und
ert
ra
nsf
or
mat
or
.

S
el
amas
et
en
gahs
i
klu
spo
si
ti
f
,di
od
aD1d
al
amb
i
asma
jud
and
io
daD2d
al
amb
i
ast
er
ba
li
k,
i
t
uti
da
kak
anb
er
ja
la
n.J
adia
rusa
kanme
l
ewa
tid
io
daD1d
anLo
ad/
b
eba
n(R)
.Se
l
ama
s
i
klu
sne
gat
i
fda
ris
i
klu
sse
kun
der
,ha
nyad
io
daD2a
kanb
er
ja
la
nda
nar
usa
kanme
l
ewa
ti
d
io
daD2d
anLo
ad(
R).
. Bu
3 kti
ka
nl
aht
eg
ang
ank
el
ua
ranDCd
arip
en
yea
rahg
el
omb
angp
en
uhs
i
st
emC
Tta
npaf
i
lt
er
p
adap
er
sa
maa
n3
J
awa
b:
. Pa
4 dap
en
yea
rahg
el
omb
angp
en
uhs
i
st
emC
Tdi
b
eri
ka
nni
l
aiR=2
00Ω,
C=4
70µF,
t
en
tuk
anl
aht
eg
ang
anr
ia
kda
nte
gan
gank
el
ua
ranDCu
ntu
kte
gan
gane
fe
kt
ifp
adab
agi
an
s
ek
und
ert
ra
nsf
or
mat
or4
,
5V;
6V;
9V;
dan
12V.
J
awa
b:
Vr
pp
. Pa
5 dap
en
yea
rahs
oa
lno
mor4d
ib
er
ik
ann
il
aiC=4
70µFd
ant
eg
ang
and
ih
ubu
ngk
an
d
eng
ant
eg
ang
ans
ek
und
ert
ra
nsf
or
mat
or6
V,t
en
tuk
anl
aht
eg
ang
anr
ia
kda
nte
gan
gan
k
el
ua
ranDCu
ntu
kta
han
and
eng
ann
il
aima
si
ng-
mas
i
ng2
00Ω,
400
Ω,6
00Ω,
800
Ω,d
an
1
000
Ω.
D.
Ran
gka
ia
n

a
)Ta
npaf
i
lt
er

b
)De
nga
nfi
l
te
r
E
.Ta
be
lDa
ta

Ta
be
l1.
Dat
aha
si
lpe
ngu
kur
and
anp
er
hi
tu
nga
n

R=2
20

F=1Hz

NO Vs
ef Vsp VDC VDChi
t
ung

1 2
0vo
lt 2
8,
28v
ol
t 8
,
78v
ol
t 8
,
69v
ol
t

2 2
1vo
lt 2
9,
69v
ol
t 9
,
23v
ol
t 9
,
12v
ol
t

3 2
2vo
lt 3
1,
1
1vo
lt 9
,
68v
ol
t 9
,
74v
ol
t

4 2
3vo
lt 3
2,
52v
ol
t 1
0,
1
3vo
lt 1
0,
56v
ol
t

5 2
4vo
lt 3
3,
94v
ol
t 1
0,
58v
ol
t 1
0,
73v
ol
t
Tab
el 2 . Da t
a h as
il pen
guk
ura
n d
anp
er
hi
tu
nga
nda
ri
pe
nye
ar
ahg
el
omb
ang
den
gan f
i
lt
er
un
tuk
be
be
ra
pav
ar
ia
si
te
gan
gan
sumb
er

F=1Hz

R=1
0K

C
=10
0F

NO Vsef Vp Vr
pp VDC VDChi
t
ung

1 6v
ol
t 8
,
48v
ol
t 1
,
77v
ol
t 2
,
65v
ol
t 2
,
93v
ol
t

2 7v
ol
t 9
,
89v
ol
t 2
,
12v
ol
t 3
,
18v
ol
t 3
,
29v
ol
t

3 8v
ol
t 1
1,
3
1vo
lt 2
,
47v
ol
t 3
,
74v
ol
t 3
,
83v
ol
t

4 9v
ol
t 1
2,
72v
ol
t 2
,
83v
ol
t 4
,
25v
ol
t 4
,
18v
ol
t

5 1
0vo
lt 1
4,
1
4vo
lt 3
,
18v
ol
t 4
,
78v
ol
t 4
,
86v
ol
t
Tab
el 3 . Da t
a h a
si
l p en
guk
ura
n d anp
er
hi
tu
nga
nda
ri
pe
nye
ar
ahg
el
omb
ang
den
gan f
i
lt
er
un
tuk
be
be
ra
pan
il
ai
va
ri
asi
ni
la
ik
apa
si
ta
nsi
da
ri
kap
as
it
or(
Vef=5V)

V=5
Vol
t

R=1
0K

NO C
(F) VP Vrpp Vd
c Vd
chi
t
ung

1 6
0µF 7
,0
7vo
lt 2
,
35v
ol
t 1
,
62v
ol
t 1
,
66v
ol
t

2 7
0µF 7
,0
7vo
lt 2
,
02v
ol
t 1
,
78v
ol
t 1
,
82v
ol
t

3 8
0µF 7
,0
7vo
lt 1
,
76v
ol
t 1
,
98v
ol
t 1
,
95v
ol
t

4 9
0µF 7
,0
7vo
lt 1
,
57v
ol
t 2
,
08v
ol
t 2
,
05v
ol
t

5 1
00µF 7
,0
7vo
lt 1
,
41v
ol
t 2
,
12v
ol
t 2
,
13v
ol
t

Tab
el 4 . Da t
a h asi
lp
eng
ukur
and
anp
er
hi
tu
nga
nda
ri
pe
nye
ar
ahg
el
omb
ang
den
gan f
i
lt
er
un
tuk
be
be
ra
pav
ar
ia
si
ni
la
ire
si
st
or(Ve
f=5V)
 C=1
00µF

NO R Vp Vr
pp VDC VDChi
t
ung

1 6
K 7
,0
7vo
lt 2
,
35v
ol
t 1
,
64v
ol
t 1
,
66v
ol
t

2 7
K 7
,0
7vo
lt 2
,
02v
ol
t 1
,
84v
ol
t 1
,
82v
ol
t

3 8
K 7
,0
7vo
lt 1
,
76v
ol
t 1
,
98v
ol
t 1
,
95v
ol
t

4 9
K 7
,0
7vo
lt 1
,
57v
ol
t 2
,
06v
ol
t 2
,
05v
ol
t

5 1
0K 7
,0
7vo
lt 1
,
41v
ol
t 2
,
15v
ol
t 2
,
13v
ol
t

Pe
ngo
la
hanDa
ta

An
ali
s
isDa
taTa
be
l1.

Vd=0
,
7
 R=2
20

F=1Hz

Da
ta1
:

Vs
p=Ve
f 2=2
02=2
8,
28V

Vp
-Vd 2
VDC
H= =8 ,
28–0,
7=
8,
78
 3,
1
4

VDC
Umu
lt
ime
te
r=8
,
69

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
| | |
x1
00% =8
,
78
8
-
8
,
7
,
6
8
9x
10
0%=1
,
02%

Da
ta2
:

Vs
p=Ve
f 2=2
12=2
9,
69V

Vp
-Vd 2
VDC
H= =9 ,
69–0,
7=
9,
23
 3,
1
4

VDC
Umu
lt
ime
te
r=9
,
12

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
| | |
x1
00%=
9
,2
3
9
-
,
2
9
,
1
3
2
x
10
0%=1
,
19%

Da
ta3
:

Vs
p=Ve
f 2=2
22=3
1,
1
1V

Vp
-Vd 3
VDC
H= =1 ,
1
1–0 ,
7=
9,
68
 3
,1
4

VDC
Umu
lt
ime
te
r=9
,
74

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
| | |
x1
00%=
9
,6
8
9
-
,
6
9
,
7
8
4
x
10
0%=0
,
62%

Da
ta4
:

Vs
p=Ve
f 2=2
32=3
2,
52V

Vp
-Vd 3
VDC
H= =2 ,
52–0,
7=
10
,1
3
 3,
1
4
 VDC
Umu
lt
ime
te
r=1
0,
56

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
0,
1
3
1
-
0
,
1
1
0
3
,
56
x
10
0%=4
,
2%

Da
ta5
:

Vs
p=Ve
f 2=2
42=3
3,
94V

Vp
-Vd 3
VDC
H= =3 ,
94–0,
7=
10
,
58
 3,
1
4

VDC
Umu
lt
ime
te
r=1
0,
73

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
0,
5
1
8
-
0
,
1
0
5
8
,
73
x
10
0%=1
,
4%

An
ali
s
isDa
taTa
be
l2.

F=1Hz

R=1
0K

C=1
00F

Vd=0
,
7

Da
ta1
:
Vp=Vs
ef 2=62=8
,
48V

Vma
x(
uku
r)=3
,
63

Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
8,
48
-2.
0,
7)
50%=3
,
54

3
,
54
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)=Vmax=
4 =1
,
77V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(1
x1
0-
)

1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=3,
5
4- 1
,
77=2
,
65V
2 2

VDC
U=2
,
93V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
2,
6
5-
2,
6
2
5
,
93
x
10
0%=1
0,
5%
Da
ta2
:
Vp=Vs
ef 2=72=9
,
89V

Vma
x(
uku
r)=4
,
32

Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
9,
89
-2.
0,
7)
50%=4
,
24

Vmax 4
,
24
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =2,
1
2V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(1
x1
0-
)

1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=4,
2
4- 2
,
12=3
,
18V
2 2

VDC
U=3
,
29V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
3
,1
8-
3,
1
8
3,
2
9
x
10
0%=3
,
4%

Da
ta3
:
Vp=Vs
ef 2=82=1
1,
3
1V

Vma
x(
uku
r)=4
,
87

Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
11
,
31
-2.
0,
7)
50%=4
,
95

Vmax 4
,
95
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =2,
4
7V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(1
x1
0-
)

1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=4,
9
5- 2
,
47=3
,
74V
2 2

VDC
U=3
,
83V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
3
,7
4-
3,
7
3
4
,
83
x
10
0%=2
,
4%

Da
ta4
:
Vp=Vs
ef 2=92=1
2,
72V

Vma
x(
uku
r)=5
,
81

Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
12
,7
2-2
.0
,
7)5
0%=5
,
66
 Vmax 5
,
66
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =2,
8
3V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
14
0)
(1x
1-
0)

1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=5,
6
6- 2
,
83=4
,
25V
2 2

VDC
U=4
,
18V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
4
,2
5-
4,
2
4
5
,
18
x
10
0%=1
,
64%

Da
ta5
:
Vp=Vs
ef 2=1
02=1
4,
1
4V

Vma
x(
uku
r)=6
,
33

Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
14
,1
4-
2.
0,
7)
50%=6
,
37

Vmax 6
,
37
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =3,
1
8V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
11
x04
)
(1
x1
0-
)

1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=6,
3
7- 3
,
18=4
,
78V
2 2

VDC
U=4
,
86V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
4
,7
8-
4
,7
4
8
,
86
x
10
0%=1
,
6%

An
ali
s
isDa
taTa
be
l3.

F =1Hz

R =10K
Ve
f=5V
Vd =0,
7

Da
ta1
:
C=6
0F
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
81
 Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83

Vmax 2
,8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 5 =2,
3
5V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
14
0)
(6x
1-
0)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 2
,
35=1
,
66V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
62V

%
KR=

Da
ta2
:
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
,
66-
1
,6
6
1
,
62
x
10
0%=2
,
4%

C=7
0F
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
85
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83

Vmax 2,
8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 5 =2,
0
2V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
14
0)
(7x
1-
0)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 2
,
02=1
,
82V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
78V

%
KR=

Da
t
|
VDC

a3
:
H-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
,
82-
1
,8
2
1
,7
8
x
10
0%=2
,
19%

C=8
0F
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
81
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2
,8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 5 =1
,
76V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
14
0)
(8x
1-
0)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
76=1
,
95V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
98V

%
KR=

Da
t
|
VDC

a4
:
H-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
,
95-
1,
9
5
1
,
98
x
10
0%=1
,
53%

C=9
0F
 Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2,
8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 5 =1
,
57V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(9
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
57=2
,
05V
2 2
VDC
U=2
,
08V

%
KR=

Da
ta5
:
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
00
| | |
%=
2,
0
5 -
2,
0
5
2
,
08
x
10
0%=1
,
46%

C=1
00F
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2
,
83
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =1
,
41V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
41=2
,
13V
2 2
VDC
U=2
,
12V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
00
| | |
%=
2,
1
3-
2,
1
3
2,
1
2
x
10
0%=0
,
46%

An
ali
s
isDa
taTa
be
l4.

C =1
00F

F =1Hz
Ve
f=5V
Vd =0
,
7

Da
ta1
:
R=6K
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
 Vmax 2
,8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =2,
3
5V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
6x
103
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 2
,
35=1
,
66V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
64V

%
KR=

Da
ta2
:
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
,
66-
1
,
66
1
,6
4
x
10
0%=1
,
2%

R=6K
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2,
8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =2,
0
2V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
7x1
03
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 2
,
02=1
,
82V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
84V

%
KR=

Da
t
|
VDC

a3
:
H-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
,
82-
1
,
82
1
,
84
x
10
0%=1
,
09%

R=8K
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
81
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2
,8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =1
,
76V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
8x
103
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
76=1
,
95V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
98V

%
KR=

Da
t
|
VDC

a4
:
H-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
,
95-
1,
9
5
1
,
98
x
10
0%=1
,
53%

R=9K
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
 Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2
,8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =1
,
57V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
9x
103
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
57=2
,
05V
2 2
VDC
U=2
,
06V

%
KR=

Da
ta5
:
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
2,
0
5 -
2,
0
5
2
,
06
x
10
0%=0
,
48%

R=9K
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2
,
83
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =1
,
41V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
41=2
,
13V
2 2
VDC
U=2
,
15V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
2,
1
3-
2,
1
3
2,
1
5
x
10
0%=0
,
93%

C
. Tu
gasAk
hir

1
.Je
l
ask
anb
en
tuk
te
gan
gan
kel
ua
ran y
ang
d
ih
asi
l
kan
pad
al
ay
aro
si
l
os
kop
unt
ukp
en
yea
rah
te
gan
gan
pe
nuh
den
gans
ys
te
m C
T d
eng
anf
i
lt
er
a
ta
ut
anp
afi
l
te
r.
 Be
nt
ukk
el
ua
ranb
er
upag
el
omb
angs
i
nus
oi
da
l,b
es
ar
nya
Vdc
(y
angb
ew
arn
abi
ru
)da
patd
ib
ac
a
d
ari0s
amp
aip
unc
ak,
is
yar
at
ke
lu
ara
nny
apo
si
ti
f
.

Be
nt
ukk
el
ua
ran
nyas
ep
er
tig
amb
ard
iat
as
.Ak
ib
ata
dan
yaC
,
te
gan
gank
el
ua
ran
nyat
i
dak
l
an
gsu
ngt
ur
un,w
al
au
punt
eg
ang
anma
suk
ann
yas
uda
htu
run
,ha
lit
udi
s
eba
bka
nka
re
na
k
apa
si
to
rme
mer
lu
kanw
akt
uun
tukme
ngo
so
ngk
anmu
at
ann
ya.S
eb
el
umt
eg
ang
anp
adak
apa
si
to
r
t
ur
unb
any
ak,t
eg
ang
anp
adak
apa
si
to
rna
ik
la
gi
.Te
gan
gany
angb
er
uba
hte
rs
eb
utd
is
eb
ut
t
eg
ang
anr
ia
k(Vr
pp
).

2
. La
kuk
anl
ah
pen
gol
ah
and
ana
nal
i
si
s d
at
a y
ang
me
nya
ngk
utd
eng
anp
er
se
nt
as
es
imp
ang
ana
nta
rah
asi
l
pe
rhi
t
ung
and
anp
en
guk
ura
n
 An
ali
s
isDa
taTa
be
l1.

Vd=0
,
7

R=2
20

F=1Hz

Da
ta1
:

Vs
p=Ve
f 2=2
02=2
8,
28V

Vp
-Vd 2
8,
28–0,
7
VDC
H= = =
8,
78
 3,
1
4

VDC
Umu
lt
ime
te
r=8
,
69

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x
| | |
1
00%=
8
,
78
8
-
8
,
7
,
6
8
9
x
10
0%=1
,
02%

Da
ta2
:

Vs
p=Ve
f 2=2
12=2
9,
69V

Vp
-Vd 2
9,
69–0,
7
VDC
H= = =
9,
23
 3,
1
4

VDC
Umu
lt
ime
te
r=9
,
12

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x
| | |
1
00%=
9
,2
3
9
-
,
2
9
,
1
3
2
x
10
0%=1
,
19%

Da
ta3
:

Vs
p=Ve
f 2=2
22=3
1,
1
1V

Vp
-Vd 3
1,
1
1–0 ,
7
VDC
H= = =
9,
68
 3
,1
4

VDC
Umu
lt
ime
te
r=9
,
74

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x
| | |
1
00%=
9
,6
8
9
-
,
6
9
,
7
8
4
x
10
0%=0
,
62%

Da
ta4
:
 Vs
p=Ve
f 2=2
32=3
2,
52V

Vp
-Vd 3
2,
52–0,
7
VDC
H= = =
10
,1
3
 3,
1
4

VDC
Umu
lt
ime
te
r=1
0,
56

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
0,
1
3
1
-
0
,
1
1
0
3
,
56
x
10
0%=4
,
2%

Da
ta5
:

Vs
p=Ve
f 2=2
42=3
3,
94V

Vp
-Vd 3
3,
94–0,
7
VDC
H= = =
10
,
58
 3,
1
4

VDC
Umu
lt
ime
te
r=1
0,
73

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
0,
5
1
8
-
0
,
1
0
5
8
,
73
x
10
0%=1
,
4%

An
ali
s
isDa
taTa
be
l2.

F=1Hz

R=1
0K

C=1
00F

Vd=0
,
7

Da
ta1
:
Vp=Vs
ef 2=62=8
,
48V

Vma
x(
uku
r)=
3,
63

Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
8,
48
-2.
0,
7)
50%=3
,
54

Vmax 3
,
54
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =1
,
77V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(1
x1
0-
)

1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=3,
5
4- 1
,
77=2
,
65V
2 2
 VDC
U=2
,
93V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
2,
6
5-
2,
6
2
5
,
93
x
10
0%=1
0,
5%

Da
ta2
:
Vp=Vs
ef 2=72=9
,
89V

Vma
x(
uku
r)=
4,
32

Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
9,
89
-2.
0,
7)
50%=4
,
24

Vmax 4
,
24
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =2,
1
2V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(1
x1
0-
)

1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=4,
2
4- 2
,
12=3
,
18V
2 2

VDC
U=3
,
29V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
3
,1
8-
3,
1
8
3,
2
9
x
10
0%=3
,
4%

Da
ta3
:
Vp=Vs
ef 2=82=1
1,
3
1V

Vma
x(
uku
r)=
4,
87

Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
11
,
31
-2.
0,
7)
50%=4
,
95

Vmax 4
,
95
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =2,
4
7V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(1
x1
0-
)

1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=4,
9
5- 2
,
47=3
,
74V
2 2

VDC
U=3
,
83V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
3
,7
4-
3,
7
3
4
,
83
x
10
0%=2
,
4%

Da
ta4
:
Vp=Vs
ef 2=92=1
2,
72V
 Vma
x(
uku
r)=
5,
81

Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
12
,7
2-2
.0
,
7)5
0%=5
,
66

Vmax 5
,
66
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =2,
8
3V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
14
0)
(1x
1-
0)

1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=5,
6
6- 2
,
83=
4,
25V
2 2

VDC
U=4
,
18V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
4
,2
5-
4,
2
4
5
,
18
x
10
0%=1
,
64%

Da
ta5
:
Vp=Vs
ef 2=1
02=1
4,
1
4V

Vma
x(
uku
r)=
6,
33

Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
14
,1
4-
2.
0,
7)
50%=6
,
37

Vmax 6
,
37
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =3,
1
8V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(1
x1
0-
)

1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=6,
3
7- 3
,
18=
4,
78V
2 2

VDC
U=4
,
86V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
4
,7
8-
4
,7
4
8
,
86
x
10
0%=1
,
6%

An
ali
s
isDa
taTa
be
l3.

F =1Hz

R =10K
Ve
f=5V
Vd =0,
7

Da
ta1
:
 C=6
0F
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
81
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83

Vmax 2
,8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 5 =2,
3
5V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
14
0)
(6x
1-
0)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 2
,
35=
1,
6
6V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
62V

%
KR=

Da
ta2
:
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
,
66-
1
,6
6
1
,
62
x
10
0%=2
,
4%

C=7
0F
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
85
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83

Vmax 2,
8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 5 =2,
0
2V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
14
0)
(7x
1-
0)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 2
,
02=1
,
82V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
78V

%
KR=

Da
t
|
VDC

a3
:
H-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
00
| | |
%=
1
,
82-
1
,8
2
1
,7
8
x
10
0%=2
,
19%

C=8
0F
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
81
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2
,8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 5 =1
,
76V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
14
0)
(8x
1-
0)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
76=1
,
95V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
98V
 %
KR=

Da
ta4
:
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
,
95-
1,
9
5
1
,
98
x
10
0%=1
,
53%

C=9
0F
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2,
8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 5 =1
,
57V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(9
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
57=2
,
05V
2 2
VDC
U=2
,
08V

%
KR=

Da
ta5
:
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
2,
0
5 -
2,
0
5
2
,
08
x
10
0%=1
,
46%

C=1
00F
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2
,
83
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =1
,
41V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
41=2
,
13V
2 2
VDC
U=2
,
12V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
2,
1
3-
2,
1
3
2,
1
2
x
10
0%=0
,
46%

An
ali
s
isDa
taTa
be
l4.

C =1
00F

F =1Hz
Ve
f=5V
Vd =0
,
7

Da
ta1
:
 R=6K
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83

Vmax 2
,8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =2,
3
5V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
6x
103
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 2
,
35=1
,
66V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
64V

%
KR=

Da
ta2
:
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
0
| | |
0%=
1
,
66-
1
,
66
1
,6
4
x
10
0%=1
,
2%

R=6K
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2,
8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =2,
0
2V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
7x1
03
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 2
,
02=1
,
82V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
84V

%
KR=

Da
t
|
VDC

a3
:
H-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
00
| | |
%=
1
,
82-
1
,
82
1
,
84
x
10
0%=1
,
09%

R=8K
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
81
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2
,8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =1
,
76V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
8x
103
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
76=1
,
95V
2 2
VDC
U=1
,
98V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
00
| | |
%=
1
,
95-
1,
9
5
1
,
98
x
10
0%=1
,
53%
Da
ta4
:
R=9K
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2
,8
3
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =1
,
57V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
9x
103
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
57=2
,
05V
2 2
VDC
U=2
,
06V

%
KR=

Da
ta5
:
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
00
| | |
%=
2,
0
5 -
2,
0
5
2
,
06
x
10
0%=0
,
48%

R=9K
Vp=Vs
ef 2=52=7
,0
7V
Vma
x(
uku
r)=2
,
83
Vma
x(h
it
ung
)=(
Vp–2
.Vd
)50
%=(
7,
07
-2.
0,
7)
50%=2
,
83
Vmax 2
,
83
Vr
pp(
hi
tu
ng)= = 4 =1
,
41V
2RC (
f )
2()
1(
1x
104
)
(1
x1
0-
)
1 1
VDC=Vma
x- Vr
pp
=2,
8
3- 1
,
41=2
,
13V
2 2
VDC
U=2
,
15V

%
KR=
|
VDCH-
VDC
VDCH
U
x1
00
| | |
%=
2,
1
3-
2,
1
3
2,
1
5
x
10
0%=0
,
93%

3
. Bu
at
la
hgr
af
ik y
ang me
ngh
ubu
ngk
ana
nta
rat
eg
ang
ank
el
ua
ran DC
d
ant
eg
ang
anr
ia
kde
nga
nte
gan
gan
sumb
er
,
ta
han
an,
k
apa
si
ta
nsi
ka
pas
i
tor
unt
ukp
en
yea
rah
gel
omb
ang
pe
nuh
s
ys
te
mCT.
Je
la
ska
ngr
af
iky
angd
ih
asi
l
kan!

Ta
be
l1

Vs
umb
er
de
nga
nVd
c
 Ba
hwa
te
gan
gan
sumb
er
be
rba
ndi
ng
lu
rus
de
nga
nte
gan
gan
kel
ua
ranya
ngdi
ha
si
lk
an,
s
ema
ki
nbe
sa
r
Vsumb
ermakaa
kanse
maki
nbes
arpu
laVdcn
ya.

Ta
be
l2

Vs
umb
er
de
nga
nVr
pp
dan
Vdc

S
emak
inb
es
art
ega
nga
nsu
mbery
angd
igu
nak
anmakaak
anmen
gha
si
lk
anVr
ppd
anVd
cya
ng
s
ema
ki
nbe
sarp
ul
a,j
ad
ihu
bun
gan
nyaa
dal
ahbe
rb
and
in
glu
rus
.
Ta
be
l3

Ka
pas
i
tor
de
nga
nVd
cda
nVr
pp

Hubu
ngankap
as
it
orde
nganVrp
p(t
eg
ang
anri
ak)ad
al
ahs
al
ing
be
rb
andi
ngt
er
ba
li
k,s
ema
ki
nbes
ar
ni
l
aikapa
si
to
rma k
an i
l
aite
gan
ganria
k(Vrp
p)aka
nse
maki
nkeci
ldanhub
ung
ankap
as
it
or
de
nga
nVd ca d
al
ahs a
li
ngber
ba
ndi
nglur
us
,sema
ki
nbes
arnil
aikap
asi
t
orn
yamakaakan
s
emaki
nbes
arpu
lani
la
iVdcn
ya.

Ta
be
l4

Re
si
st
ord
eng
anVr
pp
dan
Vdc
 Hubu
nganre
si
st
orde
nga
nVr p
p(
te
gang
anria
k)a d
al
ahs a
li
ngb
er
ba
ndi
ngt
er
ba
li
k,s
emaki
nbes
ar
ni
la
ire
si
st
ormakani
l
ait
ega
nga
nriak(Vr
pp
)akansemak
inke
ci
ldanhub
unga
nre
sis
t
orden
gan
Vdcada
lahs
ali
ngbe
rb
and
in
gluru
s,se
mak
inbes
arnil
aire
si
st
or
nyamakaakans
emaki
nbes
ar
pu
lani
la
iVdcn
ya.

4
.Je
l
ask
anp
en
gar
uhd
ari
t
ega
nga
nsu
mbe
rd
ann
il
ai
ko
mpo
neny
angd
ib
er
ik
ant
er
had
apt
eg
ang
ank
el
ua
ran
DCd
ant
eg
ang
anr
ia
kda
ri
pe
nye
ar
ahg
el
omb
ang

J
awa
b:

Pe
nye
ar
ahg
el
omb
angp
en
uhC
T(c
en
te
rta
p)d
ib
ang
und
eng
ant
ra
nsf
or
mat
orC
Tda
n
d
uad
io
daD1d
anD2
,te
rhu
bun
gse
pe
rt
iya
ngd
it
unj
ukk
anp
adag
amb
ard
iba
wahi
ni
.Ke
ti
ka
c
at
uda
ya AC O
N,t
eg
ang
an mu
ncu
ldit
er
min
al AB s
i
sit
er
min
als
ek
und
er
t
ra
nsf
or
mat
or
.
Sel
amas
et
en
gahs
i
klu
spo
si
ti
f
,di
od
aD1d
al
amb
i
asma
jud
and
io
daD2d
al
am
b
i
ast
er
ba
li
k,i
t
uti
da
kak
anb
er
ja
la
n.J
adia
rusa
kanme
l
ewa
tid
io
daD1d
anLo
ad/
b
eba
n(R)
.
S
el
amas
i
klu
sne
gat
i
fda
ris
i
klu
sse
kun
der
,ha
nyad
io
daD2a
kanb
er
ja
la
nda
nar
usa
kan
me
l
ewa
ti d
io
da D2 d
an Lo
ad
(
R).
Se
mak
inb
es
ar
su
mbe
rt
eg
ang
anma
kaa
kan
men
gha
si
lk
ant
eg
ang
ank
el
ua
ran
dan
te
gan
gan
ri
aky
ang
b
es
ar
.Te
gan
gan
kel
ua
ran y
ang d
ih
asi
l
kan
den
gan f
i
lt
er me
mil
i
kin
il
ai y
ang
l
e
bi
hke
ci
l
di
ba
ndi
ngt
anp
af
il
t
er.
Fi
lt
er y
ang d
ig
una
kan a
dal
ah f
i
lt
er
Ka
pas
i
tor
.
Sema
ki
nb
es
ar
ni
la
ik
apa
si
to
rya
ngd
ib
er
ik
anma
kame
ngh
asi
l
kan
nil
ai
te
gan
gan
Vri
aky
ang
 k
ec
il(
be
rb
and
in
gte
rb
al
ik
)da
nbe
ra
ndi
ngl
ur
usd
eng
ant
eg
ang
ank
el
ua
ran
ya(
Vdc
).Da
n
n
il
ai
ta
han
any
angs
ema
ki
nb
es
ar
aka
nme
ngh
asi
l
kan
te
gan
gan
kel
ua
rany
angs
ema
ki
nbe
sa
r
(
be
rb
and
in
glu
rus
)d
ant
eg
ang
anr
ia
kya
ngk
ec
il(
be
rb
and
in
gte
rb
al
ik
).

KE
SIMPULAN

1
.
be
nt
ukt
eg
ang
anke
l
uar
anyan
gdiha
si
lk
anp
ada
la
yar
os
il
os
ko
pun
tuk
pe
nye
ar
aht
eg
ang
anp
en
uhd
eng
ans
ys
te
m
C
Td e
nga
nfi
lt
erat
au
ta
npaf
il
te
r

Be
nt
ukk
el
ua
ran
nyas
ep
er
tig
amb
ard
iat
as
.Ak
ib
ata
dan
yaC
,
te
gan
gank
el
ua
ran
nyat
i
dak
l
an
gsu
ngt
ur
un,w
al
au
punt
eg
ang
anma
suk
ann
yas
uda
htu
run
,ha
lit
udi
s
eba
bka
nka
re
na
k
apa
si
to
rme
mer
lu
kanw
akt
uun
tukme
ngo
so
ngk
anmu
at
ann
ya.S
eb
el
umt
eg
ang
anp
adak
apa
si
to
r
t
ur
unb
any
ak,t
eg
ang
anp
adak
apa
si
to
rna
ik
la
gi
.Te
gan
gany
angb
er
uba
hte
rs
eb
utd
is
eb
ut
t
eg
ang
anr
ia
k(Vr
pp
).

2
.Ber
das
ar
kanp
rak
ti
kumy
angdi
l
aku
kan
be
sa
rteg
ang
ankel
ua
randa
rip
en
yea
rahs
et
en
gah
g
elo
mba
ngdang
el
omba
ngp
enu
hsi
st
emctt
anp
af
il
t
eryan
gdip
er
ol
eh

VDC1=
8,
78v
ol
t
 VDC2=
9,
23v
ol
t

VDC3=
9,
68v
ol
t

VDC4=
10
,1
3vo
lt

VDC5=
10
,5
8vo
lt

3
.
Berd
asa
rka
npr
akt
ik
umyan
gdi
l
aku
kanb
es
arte
gan
ganke
lu
ara
nda
rip
en
yea
rahs
et
en
gah
g
el
omb
angdang
el
omb
angp
en
uhs
i
st
emctd
eng
anf
il
te
rdi
pe
ro
le
h

VDC1=
2,
65v
ol
t

VDC2=
3,
1
8vo
lt

VDC3=
3,
74v
ol
t

VDC4=
4,
25v
ol
t

VDC5=
4,
78v
ol
t

4
.
pen
gar
uhn
il
ait
aha
nand
ank
apa
si
ta
nsid
arik
apa
si
to
rte
rha
dapt
eg
ang
anr
ia
k(r
ip
pl
evo
lt
age
)da
n
t
eg
ang
ank
el
ua
rand
arip
en
yea
rahg
el
omb
angd
eng
anf
i
lt
er
.
Pe
nga
ruhr
es
is
to
rde
nga
nVr
pp
(t
eg
ang
anr
ia
k)

Peng
aru
hr e
si
st
orde
nga
nVr p
p(t
eg
ang
anri
ak)ada
la
hsali
ng
ber
ba
ndi
ngt
er
ba
li
k,s
emaki
nbes
ar
ni
la
ires
i
st
ormakani
l
aite
gan
ganri
ak(Vr
pp
)akans
emak
inkec
i
ldanhub
unga
nre
sis
t
orden
gan
Vdcadal
ahsa
li
ngbe
rb
andi
nglu
rus
,se
mak
inbe
sa
rn i
l
aire
si
st
or
nyamakaakans
emaki
nbes
ar
pu
lani
la
iVdcny
a.
  Pe
nga
ruhKa
pas
i
tord
eng
anVr
pp
(t
eg
ang
anr
ia
k)

Pen
gar
uhKa p
as
it
orde
nganVrp
p(t
eg
ang
anri
ak)ad
al
ahs
al
ing
be
rb
andi
ngt
er
ba
li
k,s
ema
ki
nbes
ar
ni
l
aikapa
si
to
rma k
an i
l
aite
gan
ganria
k(Vrp
p)aka
nse
maki
nkeci
ldanhub
ung
ankap
as
it
or
de
nga
nVd ca d
ala
hs a
li
ngber
ba
ndi
nglur
us
,sema
ki
nbes
arnil
aikap
asi
t
orn
yamakaakan
s
emaki
nbes
arpu
lani
la
iVdcn
ya.
La
mpi
ra
n

Tab
el 2 . Da t
a h as
il pen
guk
ura
n d
anp
er
hi
tu
nga
nda
ri
pe
nye
ar
ahg
el
omb
ang
den
gan f
i
lt
er
un
tuk
be
be
ra
pav
ar
ia
si
te
gan
gan
sumb
er

F=1Hz

R=1
0K

C
=10
0F
Tab
el 3 . Da t
a h a
si
l p en
guk
ura
n d anp
er
hi
tu
nga
nda
ri
pe
nye
ar
ahg
el
omb
ang
den
gan f
i
lt
er
un
tuk
be
be
ra
pan
il
ai
va
ri
asi
ni
la
ik
apa
si
ta
nsi
da
ri
kap
as
it
or(
Vef=5V)

V=5Vo
lt

R=1
0K
Tab
el 4 . Da t
a h asi
lp
eng
ukur
and
anp
er
hi
tu
nga
nda
ri
pe
nye
ar
ahg
el
omb
ang
den
gan f
i
lt
er
un
tuk
be
be
ra
pav
ar
ia
si
ni
la
ire
si
st
or(Ve
f=5V)

C=1
00µF