READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

WEEK 3: FERDINAND’S MAGELLAN VOYAGE PART 1

RIVALS IN THE DISCOVERIES FR. PEDRO VALDERAMA

1. Portugal  Officiated the mass

2. Spain
APRIL 27, 1521
POPE ALEXANDER VI
 Magellan sailed from Cebu to Mactan to confront
 Dividing world in two; the defiant Lapu-lapu;
 Land east would belong to Portugal;
 Land west should be under the sovereignty of SULA
Spain
 Rival chieftain of Lapu-lapu;
REDISCOVERY OF THE PHILIPPINES  Magellan felt confident that he would easily win;
 He was killed.
JUNE 7, 1494  1st recorded successful defense by the Filipinos

 Concluded the Treaty of Tordisillas LAPU-LAPU

 Very significant in coming of Spain to the Phils.
 1st Filipino Freedom
FERDINAND MAGELLAN
RETURN TRIP TO SPAIN
 Responsible for the rediscovery of the Phils.
 Portuguese national but renounced his NEW COMMANDERS:
citizenship 1. Duarte Barbosa
2. Juan Serrano
THE REDISCOVERY OF THE PHILIPPINES
MAY 1, 1521
EXPEDITION
 Massacred by the Cebuanos.
 Consisted of 265 men & 5 ships
1. Trinidad (flagship) ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
2. San Antonio (biggest)
3. Conception  Were able to return to Spain.
4. Victoria
5. Santiago THE VOYAGE LASTED

FATHER PEDRO DE VALDERAMA  2yrs, 11 months & 16 days

 Chaplain of Magellan’s voyage SEBASTIAN DE EL CANO

THE EXPEDITION  Circumnavigated the globe.

ANTONIO PIGAFETTA SIGNIFICANCE OF MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE

 The chronicle of the expedition. 1. Led to the discovery of new routes going to Asia.
2. Enhanced geographical knowledge about the
MARCH 16, 1521 Orient;
3. Provide that the world is round; and
 Rediscovery of the Philippines. 4. Paved the way to the conquest, colonization and
Christianity of the Philippines;
LIMA SAWA
OTHER SPANISH EXPIDITION:
 Ruled by Rajah Kulambu and sealed their
friendship with a blood compact. 1
ST
EXPEDITION

MARCH 31, 1521  Headed by Garcia Geoffrey de Loaisa

 Instruction to establish colony in Moluccas;
 First Christian mass.

KTH | MT 2-YA-8
  Failure due to the death of its leaders, THE REALIZATION

2
ND
EXPEDITION  Legazpi established the 1st Spanish settlement
in Cebu.
 By Sebastian Cabot  He named it San Miguel
RD
EXPEDITION  Renamed the settlement the City of the Most
3
Holy Name of Jesus – the discovery of the 1
 By Alvarado Saavedara wooden image of the Holy Infant Jesus.
 Cebu – oldest city in the Philippines
4
TH
EXPEDITION  Panay river – founded the 2nd Spanish
settlement in the Philippines in 1569.
 Headed by Ruy
WEEK 3: FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD BY
CESARES CAROLI A. FIGAPETTA-PART 2
 He named Mindanao
ANTONIO LAMBARDO PIGAFETTA
TREATY OF ZARAGOSA  The Author
 All lands east of the demarcation line would  1941 – 1531
belong to PORTUGAL; and those of the west  Venetian Scholar and explorer
would go to SPAIN  Magellan’s assistance.
 Spain sold to Portugal all claims over Moluccas.  3 years later, 18/240 men Spain in 1522
 Complete 1st circumnavigation of the world
MOTIVES
FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WROLD
1. To colonize the Philippines
2. Exploit the country’s resources  Captain Ferdinand Magellan
3. Enhance their imperial glory by adding more  Centers on the events in MARIANA ISLANDS
lands to his empire, and and THE PHILIPPINES
4. Spread Christianity among the Filipinos
MARCH 16-18 1521
THE CONQUEST & COLONIZATION
COCHI – is the fruit which the palm trees bear
To realize his desire:
 Zamal isle
 He sent an expedition to the Philippines led by  Humunu isle
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi  Archipelago of St. Lazarus
 Fr. Andres de Urdaneta – chief navigator and
spiritual leader of the expedition. MARCH 25-27 (PASSION WEEK)
 Instructed to establish a settlement in the region.
 Small island between west and southwest.
1565  Cenalo, Huinanghar, Ibusson, Abarien islands.

 Arrived in Cebu MARCH 28, 1521

 Decided to go to nearby islands of Samar,
 BOLOTO BOAT – small boat
Leyte, Limasawa, Mindanao and Bohol.
 Sumatra isle
SIKATUNA & SIGALA  TRAPROBANA – slave of the captain – became
an interpreter
 Concluded a blood compact & both are  BALANGHAI – 80ft. Long boat
chieftains of Bohol.  ANIME – palms of fig trees
 Use as candles and torches
IN BOHOL
 Zuluan and Calagan islands
 Legazpi held a meeting & decided to establish  King Ria Calambu and
the Spanish settlement in Cebu.  King Raia Saini

RAJAH TUPAS PRACTICES OF EARLY FILIPINOS AS OBSERVED

BY THE SPANIARDS:
 Chieftain of Cebu.
 Entered to a peaceful agreement with Legazpi 1. Making oil out of coco

KTH | MT 2-YA-8
 2. Making vinegar out of cochi  Bonifacio found a twin soul in Katipunan the
3. Getting coco milk younger and intelligent Emilio Jacinto
4. Coconut wine  Born in Tondo, Manila on December 12,
5. Killings of pigs 1975.
6. Fishing  Jacinto lived a hard life when he was young.
7. Unique fashion of drinking His father died early which compelled his
8. Chewing of Areca mother to send him to his uncle’s house for
support. 2
BARSBATIGLY
 He first studied at San Juan de Letran and
 Kind of bird which are large as eagles later transferred to the University of Santo
 Mazaba island Tomas where he studied law.
 Ceylon isle  Jacinto joined at the Katipunan leaving his
 Bohol isle studies.
 Caninghan isle  Bonifacio warmed up to him and a deep
 Baibai isle friendship developed between the two, then
 Satinghan isle grealty influenced the Katipunan.
 He wrote in tagalog, the language of the
APRIL 7- ENTERED ZUBU PORT masses, expect one poem in Spanish, A mi
patria (country)
 Houses built on trees
 Jacinto believed. That the people, the
 The king, the Governor, Chief of the police and 8 masses, could be reached only on their own
principal mean induce people to become language, so they both wrote in tagalog.
CHRISTIANS.
 Bonifacio assigned him to lead the rebels in
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE laguna.
 He died in mahayhay laguna on April 6,
1. Painted Faces 1899 at the young age of 24
2. Half-naked
3. Decorated with bracelets and gold rings MGA ARAL NANG KATIPUNAN NG MGA A.N.B. (THE
4. Head wrapped with Linen TEACHINGS OF THE KATIPUNAN)
5. Long, Black-haired 1. A life that is not dedicated to a noble and divine
6. Carry small weapons cause is like a tree without a shade, if not, a
poisonous weed.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NATIVE FILIPINO
2. A deed that is motivated by self-interest or self-
1. Highly hospitable yet cautious pity and done without sincerity lacks nobility.
2. A good company 3. True piety is the act of being charitable, loving
3. Religious one’s fellowmen, and being judicious in
behavior, speech and deed.
4. We are all equal, regardless of the color of their
WEEK 4: KARTILLA NG KATIPUNAN skin; While one could have more education,
wealth or beauty than the other, none of them
EMILIO JACINTO Y DIZON can overpass one’s identity.
5. A person with a noble character values honor
 He was the one of the highest ranking above self-interest, while a person with a base
officers during the Philippine revolution. character values self-interest above honor.
 He joined the secret society kataastasan, 6. To a man with a sense of shame, his word is
kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga inviolate.
anak ng bayan, better known as the 7. Do not waste your time; lost wealth can be
katipunan, as the age of 19. retrieved, but time lost is lost forever.
 He serve as the advisor on fiscal matters 8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.
and secretary to Andres Bonifacio 9. A wise man is someone who is careful in all that
 He edited the revolutionary newspaper of he says; learn to keep the things that need to be
the Katipunan called KALAYAAN under the kept secret.
pseudonym ‘DIMASILAW’ and used the 10. In the thorny path of life, the man leads the way
monicker ‘PINGKIAN’ in the secret society. and his wife and children follow; if the leader
Identified as the BRAIN OF THE goes the way of evil so do the followers.
KATIPUNAN, he authored the kartilya ng 11. Never regard a woman as an object for you to
Katipunan. trifle with; rather you should consider her as a

KTH | MT 2-YA-8
 partner and a friend in times of need; Give
proper consideration to a woman’s frailty and
never forget that your own mother, who brought
you forth and nurtured you from infancy, is
herself such as person.
12. Do not do to the wife, children and brothers and
sisters of others what you do not want others do
to your wife, children and brothers and sisters.
13. A (person’s) worth is not measured by his/her
status in life, neither by the length of his nose
nor the fairness of skin, and certainly not by
whether he is a priest claiming to be God’s
deputy. Even if he is tribesman/tribeswoman
from the hills and speaks only his/her own
tongue, a (person) is honorable if he/she
possesses a good character, is true to his/her
word, has fine perceptions and is loyal to his/her
native land.
14. When these teachings shall have been
propagated and the glorious sun of freedom
begins to shine on these poor islands to
enlighten, a united race and people, then all the
loves lost, all the struggle and sacrifices shall
not have been in vain.
WEEK 4: “CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS”
Las Costumbres de los Indios Tagalos de Filipinas
Juan de Plasencia
JUAN DE PLASENCIA
 A Spanish priest
 A Franciscan missionary arrived in the port of
Cavite, Philippines on the 2nd month of July 1578
 He wrote the “Custom of the Tagalogs” and
“Doctrina Cristina”
SOCIAL CLASSES
DATU
 Chief, captain of wars whom governed, obeyed
and reverenced.
NOBLES OT MAHARLIKA
KTH | MT 2-YA-8
 Free-born, they do not play taxes.
COMMONERS OR ALIPING NAMAMAHAY
 They live in their own houses and lords of their
property and gold.
SLAVES OR ALIPING SAGUIGUILID
 They serve their master in his house and his
cultivated lands and can be sold.
MARRIAGE CUSTOMS
 Several grounds for divorce are:
- Adultery
- Abandonment on the part of the husband
- Cruelty
- Insanity
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
 BATHALA
 Also believe in sacred animals and tree
WEEK 5: DECLARATION OF PHILIPPINE
INDEPENDENCE
DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE
INDEPENDENCE
 Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898
 Kawit Cavite before Cavite-Viejo
 June 12, 1898
 Treaty of Paris on 10 December 1898
 Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
 National Flag of The Philippines designed by
General Aguinaldo and made in Hongkong by
Mrs. Marcela Agoncillo and Delfina Herboza
 “Marcha Filipina Magaldo”
 Juan Felipe-composer
 Jose Palma poem “Filipina”
a. The lower res stripe represents patriotism
and valor.
b. The upper blue stripe signifies peace, truth
and justice.
c. The white triangle stands for Equality
The three stars indicate the three Geographical
areas of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
 The eight rays of the sun refer to the firs eight
provinces of Manila, Bulacan, Pampanga,
Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, Batangas and
Cavite.