NAME: NIKKI A.

DE DOMINGO
COURSE: BSIS 1-B
Primary Accounts

First Voyage Around the WORLD

Background of the Author  Pigafetta’s exact year of birth is not

known, with estimates ranging
between 1480 and 1491.
 Antonio Pigafetta is an Italian scholar
and explorer.
 He belonged to a wealthy family from
the city of Vicenza in Northeast Italy
and studied navigation, among other
things.
 He joined the expedition to the Spice
Islands led by the explorer Ferdinand
Magellan under King Charles I of
Spain.
 He kept a detailed and comprehensive
journal of his journey with Magellan.
 He was one of the 18 Magellan’s
original crew who have completed the
world’s first circumnavigation,
returned to Spain onboard another
vessel, the Victoria.
Historical background of the document  Spices were in-demand
or documentary film commodities among the Europeans
because of their numerous benefits
such as food preservation, flavour
enhancement and medicine.
 Portugal and Spain was involved to
an intense rivalry to see who can
find and claim the new territory to
source the spices coveted by the
European aristocrats.
 The Treaty of Torsedillas was
effective at that time. It is an
agreement between Spain and

Content and Contextual analysis of the
important historical information found
in the document or documentary film
Portugal to settle conflicts over
lands newly discovered or explored
by Christopher Columbus.
 In 1505, Magellan, in service to
Portugal joined the fight travelling
to India, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
However, he was accused illegal
trading and fell out with Manuel I,
who turned down his proposal to
locate a new spice route.
 Magellan led the expedition with
five ships with 237 men namely as;
San Antonio, Santiago,
Concepcion, Victoria and Trinidad.
 The first voyage around the world
was one of the accounts written by
Antonio Pigafeta in his narrative
and cartographic record journal
“Chronicles of Magellan
Expedition.
 March 16, 1521, Magellan and his
crew arrived in the Philippine
island, or what they call as islands
of Ladroni. They first reached
Zamal (Samar).
 March 18, 1521, there came some
natives who give signs of joy for
the presence of the crew.
 Magellan gave red caps, mirrors,
comb and other things to the
native’s men in return.
 Magellan named the place
(Humunu) as the “Archipelago of
San Lazarus”.
 Magellan succeeds his plan to
influence the faith of the people in
the island.
 The first mass in our country
happen on March 31 and Eastern
day. The first cross as then set up
in Mazua (Limawasa) as wished by
Magellan.
  Native Filipinos have their own
god which they called “Abba” and
threw this belief when they
embraced Christianity.
 Magellan and his crew went to
Zebu (Cebu) on April 7, upon
hearing good reports about the
island.
 They are not welcomed, for they
were asking to pay tribute, but,
Magellan refused.
 There was a negotiation through a
notary. The king of Zubu asks for a
drop of their blood as a sign of
friendship and they both agreed.
ANALYSIS of the Content and
Context
 The primary source itself is not an
essay but a narrative depiction of
events that happened.
 It was written from the authors
experience or memory during
Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage
worldwide.
 The narrative was in “media res”.
It started during the battle of Mac
tan then precedes to the exhibition
of Magellan and his crew.
 Magellan and his crew influenced
native to convert in Christianity.
They were also responsible for the
first mass in the Philippines.
 It contains vivid descriptions and
of the pre colonized Filipinos lives
and cultures such as their food, rich
natural resources, appearances,
livelihood, religion and beliefs.
Contribution and Relevance of the Contribution and Relevance to
document or documentary film Philippine History
 The account is proof of the
richness, governance, and
independence in our country in the
 pre colonial era.
 Christianity, is the largest religion
in the world, was propagated in the
Philippines by Magellan.
 The natives before believes in
different kinds of gods until
Magellan influenced them
Christianity.
 The account Pigafetta enriched
Philippine historiography because
it contains essential details about
Visayan Islands in the 16th century.
 Textbook writers used his book as
their source about the beginning of
the Christianity in the Philippines.
 The document narrated the status
of the Filipinos in warfare, manner
of dressing, and system of writing.
Contribution and Relevance to
World History
 Pigafetta gave a detailed document
of the significant events in the
exploration of Magellan.
 His chronicle proved that
circumnavigating the world was
possible.
 It provides clear description,
location and distances of the places
they have visited.
 They proved that earth is not flat.
 They confirmed that Portuguese
route is the only way to the Spice
Islands.
 They discovered a large body of
water on the side of the American
continent, which they named
Pacific Ocean.
 They found a straight that
connected the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans and called it Strait of
Magellan.
Primary Accounts

Customs of the Tagalog

Background of the Author  Juan de Plasencia was spanish friar of

the franciscan Order.he was one of
the,missionaries that arrived in the
Philippines.
 He was born to the illustrious family
of the Portocarreros.
 He spent most of his missioanry life
in the Philippines
 He authored the “Doctrina
Christiana”,the first book ever printed
in the Philippines
 He passed awy in Liliw, Laguna, in
theyear 1590.

Historical background of the document  Di scovery of the archipelago by

or documentary film Magellan Expedition.
 Naming of Las Islas Pilipinas by the
villalobos expedition.
 Spain sent spanish missionaries to the
Philippines.
 Fr. Francisco Alcina was assigned in
Visayas, he was set in Tagalog
Region.
 He collected Indios from different
districts. He obtained the simple truth
from them after weeding out some
foolishness regarding to the
government, administration of justice,
inheritance, slaves and dowries.
 “Customs of Tagalog” was a part of
longer monographs written by
chronicles of the spanish expeditions
to the Philippines.
 It was intentionally made to provide
an eroticize description of the tagalog
natives.
 The text was not for local
 consumption but for the Western
readers.
Content and Contextual analysis of the  The account was avble to describe the
important historical information found governing system of the native
in the document or documentary film filipinos.
 “Datu” was the one who implemented
rules, laws and ensure the peace and
order in the barangay and giving
protection to his subjects.They are
also the captain in their wars. They
govern between 30-100 families.
 The tribal gathering in tagalog was
called “barangay”.
 The primary account included a
detailed description of different
system within the baragay consisting
three noble classes:
nobles(maharlika),
commoners(aliping namamahay) and
slaves( aliping sagiguilid) as well as
their functions and limitations in the
barangay.
 The male usually give dowries to the
parents of the female.
 It contains comprehensive record of
rules in assigning the childs social
status depending on the parents
status.
 Laws, sentences and punishments for
individuals at fault within the
barangay was also presented.
 Tagalogs have no consecrated
temples fo the worship but they have
“simbahan” a place of adoration when
they wish to do a feast called
“pandot”or “worship” in the large
house of chief.
 The account provide information
about the worship of the tagalogs.
They uses drums which beat the feast
and during this time which called
“nagaanitos.”

Contribution and Relevance of the
document or documentary film
 “Bathala” means signify ”all
powerful” or “maker of all things”
which they worship the most.
 Determined time by the cultivation of
the phases of the moon, seasons of
fruits, flowers and leaves they are
yielding.
 Tagalogs have manner of adoration,
offering, and scrifices depicted in the
document.
 Tagalog have an officiating priest or
priestess to do the poetic singing
called “Catalonan.”
 It icludes distinctions of devils found
in Luzon.
 The manner of burying of a chief,
deceased warrior and aetas or negritos
was also presented.
 Discussed the idea of Life after the
Rest of the native tagalogs
Maca- paradise
Casanaan- place of punishment
Contribution
 The customs of tagalog enabled the
exploration of the ancient lives of the
people in central Luzon.
 It continued to serve as a basis for
historical reconstructions of the
taglog society.
 The text gave vivid imagery that
allow further analysis of the practices
in the ancient tagalog.
 The account aids in realizing the
mastery of local language and culture
led to the success of christianity in the
Philippines.
 It informs the differences and
similarities of the culture then and
now.
 His work made the filipino people
realize how unique tagalog culture
was before colonization.
 Relevance
 Contains detailed information on
exciting topics such as customs,
traditions, religious and superstitious
beliefs.
 It proves that pre-hispanic peroid ,
filipinos have already a government
and a setn of beliefs.
 The barangay still serve as the
smallest unit of governmentin our
country till now, which is also led by
the barangay captains equivalent to
datos in the past.
 Disprove the claim of the spaniards
that locals were uncivilized and
lacking in culture.

Primary Accounts
Kartilla of the Katipunan
Background of the Author  Emilio Jacinto was born on December
5, 1875. He was the son of Mariano
Jacinto and Josefa Dizon.
 He was called “utak ng katipunan”.
“Dimas -ilaw” was his pen name.
 He went to a private school for his
primary eduacation and Colrgio de San
Juan de Letran for his secondary
eduacation and his college at Santo
Tomas for his law studies.
 He dropped out at college at the age of
20.
 He joined the katipunan, a secret
revolutionary society. He became the
chief advisor on fiscal matters
concerning the society.
 He wrote the societies newspaper

Historical background of the
document or documentary film
Content and Contextual analysis of
the important historical information
found in the document or
documentary film
called “kalayaan.”
 He was also known by the group as”
pingkian.” He was in charge of
creating the guidebook for new
members which was called “kartilya
ng Katipunan.”
 He died April 16,1899 at the age of 24.
 The original version of the document
has 14 paragraphs that contains the
values that katipuneros should possess.
 The document name was supposed to
be “Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga
Z.LI.B(Duties of the sons of the
People).
 In 1986, Andres Bonifacio the Father
of the Philippine Revolution and once
the president of the Supreme Council
of the Katipunan,penned the duties of
the sons of the people, a list of the
duties and responsibilities to be
followed strictly by every member of
the organization.
 Katipunan(KKK)
 KKK stands for the “Kataas-taasang
Kagalanggalangan Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan.
 The document was written proir to the
August 1896 revolutionary movement
of the Katipunan. The katipuneros
upon joining the katipunan were
reqiured to read the kartilya ng
katipunan and adhere to its code of
conduct. The factors that Emilio
considerd in the writing were to make
sure that members of the society has
the quality of a katipunero.The

Contribution and Relevance of the
document or documentary film
Primary Accounts
Act of Declaration of the Philippine
Independence
Background of the Author
Historical background of the
document also intend to make the
filipinos understand what a real
katipunero is.
 The relevance or the contribution of
the document in the Philippine history
are the morals and intellectual
foundation of us the filipino
people.That they had a goal and set of
rules ,clearly a work of an intellect
thus showed that our heroes has
intellect capacity to rival those who
have better education.It also shows the
dignity of the filipino people and treat
people equally.They fought with awe
for our independence.
 Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista was
also known as “Don Bosyong”, he
was a lawyer and author of the
Declaration of the Philippine
Independence. He was a distant
relative of Jose Rizal family.
 He was born on December 7, 1830,
in Bińan Laguna and died on
December 4,1903.He was also Gen.
Aguinaldo’s confidante.
 During the spanish-american war,
document or documentary film
Content and Contextual analysis of
the important historical information
found in the document or
documentary film
Contribution and Relevance of the
document or documentary film
filipino rebels led by Emilio
Aguinaldo proclaim the
Independence of the Philippine after
300 years of Spanish
rule.Opposition to spanish rule
began among Filipino priests who,
resented spanish domination of the
Roman Catholic churches in the
Islands.
 It is one of the most important
documents in the history.
 The Declaration of the Philippine
Independence is the document in
which filipino revolutionqary forces
under Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
proclaimed the Philippine
independence of the Philippine
colonial rule of Spain after the latter
was defeated at the battle of Manila
Bay during the Spanish-American
War.
 The declaration of the Philippine
Independence is one of the most
important milestones in the
Philippine history.
 Philippine Independence Day has
been celebrated every June 12,1962
till the present time.
 The declaration of the Philippine
Independence is from May 28 to
June 12, where all government
establishments and other public
squares are encouraged to display
the country’s flag.
 Independence Day or June 12 was a
 holiday to all.

Primary Accounts
Political Caricatures of
the American Era
Background of the  Dr. Alfred William McCoy is a professor of the
Author SouthEast Asian History at the University of
Wisconsin at Madison where he also serves as a
director of the Center for SE Asian Studies.He
spent the past quarter-century writing about the
politics and history of the opium trade.
 He was born on Massachusetts, U.S.A. IN 1945.
 He was a american citizen and the author of the
work “Politocal Caricatures of the American Era.

Historical background  Philippine cartoons is a compilation of 377

of the document or editorial cartoons and caricatures made by various
documentary film filipino artists that tackle the situation during the
american occupation in the Philippines.
 Some cartoons shows the condition of the filipino
farmers to the hand of american tenants who self-
owned the lands of the laborers and imposed
unberable taxes to them.
 It also depicts the americans as the controller and
enslaving people by taking over the insular civil
 service and making filipino people do most of the
work for their own benifits.
 With the help of Alfredo Roces, whi designed the
book and contributed an essay on the Philippine
graphic setire during the american era.
 This caricatures clarify the historical information
and served as eye openers to the realities
experienced by the people under the American
occupation.
 It reflected the anti-american sentiments in
addition to the condemnation of the ruling
classwhich give us the glimpse of the Philippine
society of the past, visualize the historical politics
and appreciate the representations of perceptions of
the Fipipinos at that era.
Content and Contextual  The book only covered the period of early
analysis of the American through the commonwealth, it reflected
important historical on two cartoon themes the: anti-American
information found in the sentiments and the condemnation of the ruling
document or class.
documentary film
Contribution and  Because of this work we the new generations was
Relevance of the able to rewind the happenings, events, and the
document or sufferings of our ancient filipino’s to the hands of
documentary film americans in the american era.
 It also gives us hints how cruel,greedy and a
controller americans on that era.

Primary Accounts
Filipino Grievances Against Governor
Wood
Background of the Author
Historical background of the
document or documentary film
Content and Contextual analysis of
 Leonardo Wood was born on
October 9,1860 and died on August
7,1927.He was a United States
Army Officer.
 He served as the Chief of Staff of
the United States Army, Military
Governor of Cuba, and Governor
General of the Philippines.
 He began his military career as an
army doctor on tha frontier he
received the Medal of Honor. He
was a bypassed for a major
command in World War II, but then
became a prominent Republican
Party leader and a candidate for the
1920 presidential nomination.
 He served as civilian Governor
General in the Philippines in the
1920’s, where he quarreled with
Filipino’s who wanted home rule.
 This book shows General Wood’s
persality caused strong antagonism
between Filipino people and him.
 He have done such unacceptable
decisions that make the people to
hate and dislike him.
 He made such appointments to
position and authorized the payment
of the salaries after having vetoed
the appropriations of such salaries.
 He wasted the public funds to grant
additional compensation to public
officials and many more.
 The book covered the unacceptable
the important historical information
found in the document or
documentary film
Contribution and Relevance of the
document or documentary film
decisions, wrongdoings and the
anger of many filipino people
towards Governor Wood.
 It shoswcases how americans pull
our filipino people on the ground
with their power.
 The struggle for Independence is a
constant and unifying political
issues among Filipino’s during the
whole American period.
 The document shows that by the
1920’s Fili[ino’s have already the
confidence to debate on equal
footing with top rangking american
colonials like Gov. Wood.
 The document is a relevant in the
study of the Philippine history
because it exposes the other side of
the Harrison administration.

Primary Accounts
Pres. Corazon Aquino’s
Speech Before the U.S.
Congress
Background of the  Maria Corazon Sumulong Coquangco aslo known
Author as “Cory Aquino was a Filipina politician who
served as the the 11th President of the Philippines
from 1986-1992.
 She was born on January 25, 1933 in Tarlac
Provine, North Manila and died on August 1,
2009.
  She graduated her college at Far Eastern Institute
of Law from 1953-1955.
 She wrote the Speeches of President Corazon C.
Aquino on April-October 1987.

Historical background  This document shows how President Cory declared

of the document or revolutionary government with the signing of the
documentary film “Freedom Constitution “ by the virtue of
Proclamation No.3, which established human
rights as the core of the philippine democracy.
Content and Contextual  The Filipino nation had assigned the first part of
analysis of the her speech, she acknowledge the speaker.
important historical
 She detailed her husband’s struggles and how it
information found in the
affected to their family.
document or
documentary film  She talked yhe first time she lost her husband 14
years ago after Marcos implemented Martial Law
that suspended the constitution and shut down the
Congress , and how Marcos detained Benigno and
thousands of other people who had spoken the fo
the democracy.
 She emphasized that the fight that they started was
not wasted and it was not nonsense one.
 She also included the in her speech about the the
happenongs during the presidential election on
1986, how Filipinos united against the Marcos
regime that has burdened them for one more
decade.
Contribution and  President Cory Aquino recalls the events which led
Relevance of the to the February Revolution, and eventually, her
document or presidency. She credits her late husband Ninoy
documentary film Aquino for conceptualizing, embracing and
promoting the philosophy of reconciliation and
nonviolence that became the moving force of the
relatively bloodless revolution.
Primary Accounts
Works of Luna and Amorsolo
(paintings)
Background of the Author/Creator
 Juan Luna Y Novicio, better known
as Juan Luna was a Filipino painter,
sculptor and a political activist of
the Philippine Revolution during the
late 19th century. He was born on
October 23, 1857 and died on
December 7, 1899.
 Ex of Juan Luna’s works:
*Spoliarium, 1884
*The Parisian Life, 1892
*La Balaquena, 1895
*Governor Ramon Blanco, 1880’s
*Souvenier de 1899
*Odalisque, 1885
*Ensueńos de Amor,1890
*El Pacto de Sangre( the Blood
Compact), 1886
*Damas Romanas, 1882
*The Battle of Lepanto
*Portrait of Rizal
*Esopo
*Mi Hermana
*Tampuhan
*Espana y Filipinas, 1886
*La Muerte de Cleopatra, 1881
*En el Balcon, 1884
*Puesta Del Sol, 1880’s
*La Marquesa de Monte Olivar, 1881

 Fernando Amorsolo Y Cueto, was

one of the most important artist in
the Philippines. He was a portraitist
and painter of Rural Philippine
Landscape. He was born on May 30,
1892 in Paco, Manila. Don Faloian
de la Rosa, his mother’s cousin, was
also a painter. At the age of 13,
Amorsolo became an apprentice to
de la Rosa, who would eventually
become the advocate and guide to
Amorsolo’s painting career.
 Ex of Amorsolo’s works:
*Planting rice with Mayon Volcano,
1949
*Along the mountain trail
*Rice harvesting
*The making of the Philippine flag
*El Ciego (the blind man), 1929
*Afternoon meal of the rice workers,
1951
*A basket of oil Mangoes, oil on

Historical background of the
document or documentary film
Content and Contextual analysis of
the important historical information
found in the document or
documentary film
canvas,1949
*The palay Maiden
*Washing scene, 1953
*Princess Urduja
*Baguio
*Landscape, 1951
*Lavandera
*Man with Cockerel
*Market Scene
*Old Spanish Church
*Portrait of an Old Lady
*Under the Arbor
*Washing the Carabao
*Water Carrier
 The document Juan Luna and
Fernando Amorsolo paintings was
held at the Ayala Museum as a part
of series, two of the panelist brought
up the question whether the artist to
be considered as a major painter.
The “GREAT ONE.” Filipino artists
in the Philippine history with
masterpieces. He excel in artistry,
but he also a political activist in the
time of the Philippine Revolution
during the late 19th century.
 Luna’s works was known for being
dramatic and dynamic, focusing on
romanticism and realism styles of
art.
 Amorsolo’s works is one of the
significaant features in the world of

Contribution and Relevance of the
document or documentary film
Primary Accounts
Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan
Background of the Author
painting in the Philippines. His
favorite themes as a painter are the
rural sceneries and the Philippine
rural landcapes.
 The artwoks of Juan Luna and
Fernando Amorsolo represent the
heritage of the people of Philippines.
In a nutshell, they shows the actual
value of of the Filipinos. The most
significant contribution of Luna is
the “Spoliarium”, the artwork
tremendously interprets the
sociological aspects in the
Philippines.
 Emilio Aguinaldo was born on
March 22, 1896 at Kawit, Cavite. He
was the author of the memoirs titled
“Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan” which
is published in 1946.
 He was a revolutionary leader,
became the “Cabeza de Barangay”
of Binakayan in Kawit, Cavite when
he was 17 years old and at the age of
25, he was appointed as the first
“Gobernadorcillo Capitan
Municipal” or “Municipal
Gobernador Captain” of Cavite.
 He was elected as the President of
the Philippines in the Tejeros
meeting when the two factions
gathered together.
Historical background of the
document or documentary film
Content and Contextual analysis of
the important historical information
found in the document or
documentary film
 Aguinaldo scribed a lot in his old
age between 1928-1946, he
produces in long hand the first
volume of his memoirs, “Mga
Gunita ng Himagsikan, 1946” in his
preface Aguinaldo says the memoirs
were based on a diary he kept,
documents he preserved and family
lore gathered from his elders.
 Aguinaldo wrote some of his
experiences in his younger years in
hiw memoirs.
“I still recall during my childhood , one
of the toys that my beloved father gaved
me was huge basketfull of blocks two
inches square. These blocks were of
different kind of colors and on each face
was written a letter of alphabet.My
father had two motives in giving them to
me- First, that i have may something to
play with and, second, to arouse my
interest in the rudiments of learning,
particularly the alphabet.”
 On September 1, 1896, Jose Tagle
aks Emilio Aguinaldo to help him in
invading the Spanish , since it his
first time to make or creates his
strategies, he failed. His first attempt
was to save the rectory, he tasks the
group pf Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo
to go to Northand the group of
Captain Municipal Tagle was to go
to the South.He gathered and divide
his soldiers to three groups
surrounding the North and South of
the hacienda of Imus.
Contribution and Relevance of the
document or documentary film
Primary Accounts
First Voyage Around the WORLD
Customs of the Tagalog
 The work of Aguinaldo gives us
hints or clues for the past historic
events.
 The memoirs showed how Spanirds
abused and eslaved the Filipino
people.
 It shows how ressilient athe
Filipinos at that time and how much
they have sacrificed and fought to
gain the independence that they
wanted.
 It provide what military stategy
before,how they fought at that time
and what was the situation of the
Filipinos, and what it was like living
and fighting during those dark and
trying times .
Learning Experiences
 The voyage contributed
to Europeans' knowledge of the
universe and has marked the
worlds of space exploration and
astronomy to this day. While
crossing the Magellan Strait, the
explorer and his crew observed
two galaxies visible to the naked
eye from the southern
hemisphere.
 Customs of the Tagalogs, just like
any other colonial texts written
during the Spanish colonial
period, was intentionally made to
provide an exoticize description
of the Tagalog natives, clearly fed

Kartilla of the Katipunan
Act of Declaration of the Philippine
Independence
Political Caricatures of the American
Era
by politics and propaganda and
operated with the Western-
outsider's gaze, that would be
appealing to them.
 The Katipunan pursues the most
worthy and fleeting object of
uniting the hearts and minds of
the Tagalogs with the unwavering
oath that the union will be strong
enough to tear through the thick
veil of hidden thoughts and find
the true path of reason and
explanation. The most important
policy is true love of the native
land and genuine compassion for
others, for all to be treated as
equitable and genuine brothers
and sisters.
 Once anyone joins the
organization, he or she must
renounce their destructive
practices and submit to the
authority of the sacred orders of
the Katipunan.
 The declaration of independence
is one of the most important
milestones in Philippine
history. The country was
colonized by many nations for
hundreds of years. Imagine
achieving your freedom after all
the hardships you've been
through. It is priceless.
 Political Caricatures of the
American Era is a book authored
by Alfred William McCoy, One
 of his dissertations tackled the
factional conflict in the colonial
economy of Iloilo, Philippines
from 1937 to 1955. His interest in
Filipino history allowed him to
master the Hiligaynon dialect and
understand the political situation,
not just of the region of Iloilo, but
of the entire country. Philippine
Cartoons is a compilation of 377
editorial cartoons and caricatures
made by various Filipino artists
that tackle the situation during the
American occupation in the
Philippines. Some of the cartoons
presented the condition of
Filipino farmers on the hands of
American tenants who self-owned
the lands of the laborers and
imposed unbearable and unjust
taxes on them. The cartoons also
compared the job situation of a
Filipino and an American by
portraying unequal salaries
despite having the same nature of
work, which highlighted racial
discrimination in terms of work
condition, wages, job
opportunities, and career
positions.
Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan  Emilio Aguinaldo written based
on a diary he kept, several
documents he preserved, and
family lore he gathered from his
elders. Aguinaldo was one of the
many members of the Katipunan
and belonged to the Magdalo
faction. He led numerous attacks
and won victories against the

Works of Luna and Amorsolo  General Antonio Luna, was one
(paintings)
Spaniards in the Cavite province.
After the death of Bonifacio, he
assumed total leadership of the
revolution. Later, Aguinaldo
forcibly set up a provisional
dictatorship in the country,
declared Philippine independence
on June 12, 1898, and sworn in as
the first president of the new, self-
governed Philippine republic.
Believed to be of two volumes,
Aguinaldo’s memoir includes
accounts beginning from his birth,
his early life, and his participation
in the revolution. However, the
first volume ends the memoir
only with the details of the Treaty
in Biak-na-Bato. Although its
existence is still not proven, the
second volume is assumed to
continue with the Philippine
Revolution against Spain and the
Philippine-American War. The
provided excerpts begin the
memoir with Aguinaldo’s
arrival to Cavite and his
encounter with two of his
generals which led to the
confrontation of the three Filipino
civil guards patrolling their
territory.
of the many observed Filipino
painters of Philippine history.
Being presented to the European
culture, he depicted the European
lifestyle in a portion of his works
like the La Madrileña and The
Parisian Life. He additionally did

Pres. Corazon Aquino’s Speech
Before the U.S. Congress
works of art on the Spanish and
Roman history as displayed in
The Battle of Lepanto and the
well-eminent gold medalist
Spoliarium. In his vocation, he
adjusted the European way of
painting which zeroed in on
artistic scenes, similar to Hymen
o Hymenee and The Roman
Dames, and chronicled occasions,
similar to The Blood Compact
and the honor winning. The Death
of Cleopatra. He regularly fused
moral stories and political
discourses to the vast majority of
his craftsmanship very much like
when he painted España y
Filipinas to address the Filipino
proselytizers' cravings for change,
uniformity, modernization, and
monetary improvement in the
Philippines through the direction
not the control of the Spaniards.
 I learn in the discourse of
president aquino is I have
returned as the leader of a free
group. The undertaking had fallen
on my shoulders to keep offering
the majority rule option in
contrast to our kin. Today, I say,
go along with us, America, as we
fabricate another home for
popular government, one more
safe house for the mistreated, so it
might remain as a sparkling
confirmation of our two country's
obligation to opportunity.
Raiders of the Sulu Sea (film)
 "Raiders of the Sulu Sea" A
Historiography Documentary film
zeroing in on Zamboanga City
portraying how the Spaniards
safeguarded the city with the Fort
Pilar as Spain's last fortress and
stronghold of protection and
monetary development in the
South of the
Philippines .Throughout the three
and half hundreds of years of
contentions between the Spanish
and the populaces of the southern
Philippines, sea striking assumed
a key part, not just for the
gathering of riches and slaves, yet
additionally as a method for
fighting and anticolonial
obstruction.