STEM

GROUP 3

Biological and
Psychomotor
Development
...
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT STEM 11 - AQUINO
 ACTIVITY

Biological VS
Psychomotor
 ACTIVITY

She
screamed
when she
saw acne
on her face
ACTIVITY

He ran fast
as he could
to win the
1st place
ACTIVITY

Tarzan
swang
through
the vines
ACTIVITY

He and his
friends are
comparing
their height
 ACTIVITY

She is
embarrased
because she got
her first period
 BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Biological
Development
refers to the gradual
change of size,
shape, and function
of a living organism
from a zygote into an
adult (Britannica,
2022)
 PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT

Psychomotor
Development
Development of organized
muscle activity patterns that
are influenced by
environmental signals

During the first few years of

life is essential for them to
make the right progress in
cognitive, linguistic, and
social development
CONCEPTION TO
POST-NATAL
STAGE
Germinal Period
Embryonic Period
Fetal Period
GERMINAL

PERIOD
Bacolod, Aliyah Shainna N.
 At the moment of conception, when a
sperm and an egg meet to produce a
zygote, the germinal stage of pregnancy
begins.
The first and shortest stage of the human
lifespan is this period.
retrieved from: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/23%3A_Human_Growth_and_Development/23.2%3A_Germinal_Stage
Processes in the Germinal
Stage has 4 types

1.) FERTILIZATION
Any other sperm that arrives later can enter
the fertilized ovum (zygote). The zygote
spends the first 72 hours in the fallopian tube
after fertilization, during which time it
quickly develops. retrieved from:
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_Biology
_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/23%3A_Human_Growth_and_Development/23.2%3A_Germ
inal_Stage
 Processes in the Germinal
Stage has 4 types

2.) CLEAVAGE
By the second day after fertilization,
the single-celled zygote undergoes
mitosis to form two daughter cells.
retrieved from:
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/23%3A_Human_Growth_and_Development/23.2%3A
_Germinal_Stage
 Processes in the Germinal
Stage has 4 types

3.) BLASTULATION

retrieved from:
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_Biology
_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/23%3A_Human_Growth_and_Development/23.2%3A_Germ
inal_Stage
3.) BLASTULATION
The innermost part of the blastocyst, known as the
EMBRYOBLAST, is composed of a group of cells
that will eventually form the embryo.

The blastocyst's outer layers of cells is called the

TROPHOBLAST. The placenta and other embryonic
tissues will eventually develop from trophoblast
cells that implant in the uterus.

The embryoblast cells that move to one pole of the

blastocyst create the BLASTOCOELE a cavity. Fluid
released by trophoblast cells fills the blastocoele.
retrieved from:
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/23%3A_Human_Growth_and_Development/23.2%3A_Germinal_Stage
Processes in the Germinal
Stage has 4 types

4.) IMPLANTATION
Implantation is triggered by contact between
the blastocyst and the endometrium. In
response to this contact, trophoblast cells
start to proliferate and secrete enzymes that
digest the mucosa covering the endometrium.

retrieved from:
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/23%3A_Huma
n_Growth_and_Development/23.2%3A_Germinal_Stage
EMBRYONIC

PERIOD
Oco, Karen Nicole F.
❑ a critical period, it is
where the formation or
development of
embryo occurs (Staff,

2020)

❑has 4 stages: morula,

blastula, gastrula and
organogenesis
retrieved from: https://www.verywellmind.com/stages-of-prenatal-development-2795073
MORULA
- According to the Encyclopædia
Britannica, it is a mass of blastomeres (a
type of cell which was produced by cell
division) that are formed from the splitting
of the zygote

BLASTULA
- AN EARLY PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGE OF AN EMBRYO
GASTRULA
- a rearrangement of the cells in
order to give way to create
embryonic tissue layers

ORGANOGENESIS
- TRANSFORMATION OF CELLS INTO AN ORGAN
FROM THE DEVELOPING EMBRYO (YOKOYAMA,
2020)
 FETAL

PERIOD
Jampas, Joseph Jr. M.
FETAL PERIOD
BEGINS DURING THE
9TH WEEK UNTIL
BIRTH

FETUS DEVELOPMENT
STAGE

ORGANS AND BODY

PARTS FORMATION
PERIOD

retrieved from: https://www.verywellmind.com/stages-of-prenatal-development-2795073

FETAL PERIOD
TRIMESTER
-pregnancy is divided into 3
stages.
First Trimester
Second Trimester
Final Trimester
retrieved from: https://www.verywellmind.com/stages-of-prenatal-development-2795073
FETAL PERIOD
TRIMESTER
First Trimester
-The first trimester will span from
fertilization to 12 weeks (3 months)

retrieved from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/7247-fetal-development-stages-of-

growth
FETAL PERIOD
TRIMESTER
Second Trimester
-The second trimester is around 20 weeks from
conception of pregnancy This middle section of
pregnancy is often thought of as the best part of
the experience.

-Period where many people find out the

designated gender at birth.
retrieved from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/7247-fetal-development-stages-of-
growth
FETAL PERIOD
TRIMESTER
Third Trimester
-The final stage of pregnancy

-It lasts from weeks 29 to 40, or months 7, 8, and

9. Your baby grows, develops, and begins to
adjust itself in preparation for birth during this
trimester.

retrieved from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/7247-fetal-development-stages-of-

growth
 INFANCY TO
TODDLERHOOD
Reflexes during
infancy
Motor development
REFLEXES
DURING

INFANCY
Delos Santos
DIFFERENCE:

Newborn or Neonate - term used to describe a child

from birth to 28 days old
Infant - refers to a child between

the ages of 28 days
and 1 year

Reflex - A reflex is a muscle reaction that takes place

automatically in response to stimuli, which means you
do not have to think or plan how you will respond
because it happens by itself (Flagg, 2017)
THE FOLLOWING ARE EXAMPLES OF INFANT REFLEXES:

THE BLINK REFLEX THE SUCKING REFLEX

retrievedfrom:https://youtu.be/AlRnKt6q1T8 retrieved from:https://images.app.goo.gl/Hyy4Sx12o5RoB3X4A

 THE FOLLOWING ARE EXAMPLES OF INFANT REFLEXES:

THE SWALLOWING REFLEX THE EXTRUSION REFLEX

retrieved from:https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.babyscience.info%2Fwp-
content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F10%2Fshutterstock_33571039-
1024x682.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.babyscience.info%2Fa-sensible-start-on-solid-foods-dont-

retrievedfrom:https://images.app.goo
worry-about-allergies-and-
obesity%2F&tbnid=YN5VeeUsapC7GM&vet=1&docid=JL__QH4NkK00XM&w=1024&h=682&hl=en-
US&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim

.gl/HuB4jGVAnztPpexH6
THE FOLLOWING ARE EXAMPLES OF INFANT REFLEXES:

THE ROOTING REFLEX THE PALMAR GRASP REFLEX

retrieved
from:https://images.app.goo.gl/62CULzf8ndbfSXdC7 retrieved from:https://images.app.goo.gl/Vh1ouT2NvuLkXBxX7
THE FOLLOWING ARE EXAMPLES OF INFANT REFLEXES:

THE PLANTAR GRASP REFLEX THE STEP (WALK)-IN-PLACE REFLEX

retrieved from:https://images.app.goo.gl/xwmxZ8GhCGQZQhuu5
retrieved from:https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenursepage.com%2Fwp-
content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F11%2Fplantar-grasp.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenursepage.com%2Fnewborn-
reflexes-or-neonatal-reflexes%2F&tbnid=eHdNqF8gSOIjHM&vet=1&docid=coGyef9uDHcy4M&w=180&h=280&hl=en-
US&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim
THE FOLLOWING ARE EXAMPLES OF INFANT REFLEXES:

THE TONIC NECK REFLEX THE MORO REFLEX

retrieved
retrieved
from:https://images.app.goo.gl/KcSwdXrfZmYqvfGg6
from:https://images.app.goo.gl/dnEqwhcbre8
m2qSN8
 THE FOLLOWING ARE EXAMPLES OF INFANT REFLEXES:

THE BABINSKI REFLEX

retrieved from:https://images.app.goo.gl/WSCXALXubwftkTyd8
 MOTOR

DEVELOPMENT
Natividad
Motor development is the physical change
and the strengthening of a child's bones
and muscles as they age. It is the ability of
a child to move and touch his/her
surroundings Help me
grow mn. Help Me
Grow MN. (n.d.)

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MOTOR

DEVELOPMENT:

FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT AND GROSS

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT.
FINE MOTOR SKILL IS THE
COORDINATION OF SMALL MUSCLES IN
ANY MOVEMENT WITH THE EYES,
HANDS AND FINGERS
(LOGSDON, 2021)

LARGE MOTOR SKILL IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF

LARGER MUSCLE MOVEMENTS. THIS
DEVELOPS IN THE EARLY CHILDHOOD YEARS.
THIS IS WHERE THEY CAN RUN, JUMP AND
CLIMB.
CHILDHOOD TO
ADOLESCENCE

Changes during
puberty
CHANGES
DURING

PUBERTY
Villorente, Ralf R.
What is Puberty?
Puberty is the time in our
lives wherein a boy or a girl
becomes sexually mature

Puberty between boys and

girls are different.

Puberty starts at 10-11

years for girls and 11-12
years for boys.
Physical changes
- change in sexual organ
- hair, teeth, skin

- increasement of height
Physical changes
Boys
Around 11-12 years
The external genitals (penis, testes and
scrotum) will start to
grow. It’s normal for
one testis to grow faster than the other. You
can reassure your child that men’s testes
usually aren’t the same size.
Pubic hair will start to grow. It will get darker
and thicker over time.
https://raisingchildren.net.au/pre-teens/development/puberty-sexual-development/physical-changes-in-
puberty#:~:text=Puberty%20typically%20starts%20at%2010,%2C%20hair%2C%20teeth%20and%20swea
tiness
Physical changes
Boys

Around 12-14 years

Boys grow 10-30 cm. They usually

stop growing at around 18-20
years.
Minor breast development
https://raisingchildren.net.au/pre-teens/development/puberty-sexual-development/physical-changes-in-
puberty#:~:text=Puberty%20typically%20starts%20at%2010,%2C%20hair%2C%20teeth%20and%20swea
tiness
Physical changes
Boys
Around 13-15 years
Hair will start growing on other parts of
your their body

The hormone testosterone is produced,

which stimulates the testes to produce
sperm.
Your child might start having erections and
ejaculating (releasing sperm).
https://raisingchildren.net.au/pre-teens/development/puberty-sexual-development/physical-changes-in-
puberty#:~:text=Puberty%20typically%20starts%20at%2010,%2C%20hair%2C%20teeth%20and%20swea
tiness
Physical changes
Boys
Around 14-15 years
The larynx

(‘Adam’s apple’
or voice box)
will become
more obvious. ADAM'S APPLE. (2022, SEPTEMBER 15). IN WIKIPEDIA.
HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/ADAM%27S_APPLE

https://raisingchildren.net.au/pre-teens/development/puberty-sexual-development/physical-changes-in-
puberty#:~:text=Puberty%20typically%20starts%20at%2010,%2C%20hair%2C%20teeth%20and%20swea
tiness
Physical changes
Girls
Around 10-11 years
Breasts will start developing.
On average, girls grow 5-20 cm. They usually

stop growing at around 16-17 years.

The body shape will change. For example, a girl’s
hips will widen.
The external genitals (vulva) and pubic hair will
start to grow. Pubic hair will get darker and
thicker over time.
https://raisingchildren.net.au/pre-teens/development/puberty-sexual-development/physical-changes-in-
puberty#:~:text=Puberty%20typically%20starts%20at%2010,%2C%20hair%2C%20teeth%20and%20swea
tiness
Physical changes
Girls
Around 12-14 years
Hair will start growing under the arms.
A clear or white discharge

from the vagina
starts several months before periods
start.
Periods will usually start within 2 years of
breast growth starting, but can take up to
4 years.
https://raisingchildren.net.au/pre-teens/development/puberty-sexual-development/physical-changes-in-
puberty#:~:text=Puberty%20typically%20starts%20at%2010,%2C%20hair%2C%20teeth%20and%20swea
tiness
Physical changes
Other Physical Changes
Brain
Bones, organs, and body systems
Clumsiness

Physical strength
Weight
Sleep patterns
Sweat
Skin and hair https://raisingchildren.net.au/pre-teens/development/puberty-
sexual-development/physical-changes-in-

Teeth puberty#:~:text=Puberty%20typically%20starts%20at%2010,%2C%2
0hair%2C%20teeth%20and%20sweatiness
ROBERT J.
HAVIGHURST
a professor, physicist,

educator, and expert

on aging.
he is one of the authors
of his books on
"Developmental tasks
and education"
Havighurst identifies six key
periods in human development
from infancy to old age:

INFANCY & EARLY CHILDHOOD (BIRTH TILL 6

YEARS OLD)
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (6–12 YEARS OLD)
ADOLESCENCE (13–18 YEARS OLD)
EARLY ADULTHOOD (19–30 YEARS OLD)
MIDDLE AGE (30–60 YEARS OLD)
LATER MATURITY (60 YEARS OLD AND OVER)
 REFERENCES:

• LIBRETEXTS, SUZANNE WAKIM, & MANDEEP GREWAL. (2021). 23.2: GERMINAL STAGE.
BIOLOGYLIBRETEXTS.HTTPS://BIO.LIBRETEXTS.ORG/BOOKSHELVES/HUMAN_BIOLOGY/BOOK%3A_HUMAN_BIOLOGY_(WAKIM_AND_GREWAL)/23%3A_HUMAN_GR
OWTH_AND_DEVELOPMENT/23.2%3A_GERMINAL_STAGE

• STAFF, F. E. (2020) YOUR BABY'S DEVELOPMENT: THE FIRST TRIMESTER. FAMILYDOCTOR.ORG.HTTPS://FAMILYDOCTOR.ORG/YOUR-BABYS-DEVELOPMENT-

THE-FIRST-TRIMESTER/#:~:TEXT=AFTER%20CONCEPTION%2C%20YOUR%20BABY%20BEGINS,OCCUR%20DURING%20THE%20EMBRYONIC%20STAGE

• ADMIN. (2021). WHAT ARE THE 4 STAGES OF EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT? GET THE ANSWER AT BYJU'S NEET. BYJUS. HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/NEET-
QUESTIONS/WHAT-ARE-THE-4-STAGES-OF-EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT/
• ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, INC. (N.D.). MORULA. ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA. HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/SCIENCE/MORULA
• YOKOYAMA, D. M. (2020). WHAT IS ORGANOGENESIS? NEWS. HTTPS://WWW.NEWS-MEDICAL.NET/LIFE-SCIENCES/WHAT-IS-ORGANOGENESIS.ASPX

• SUZANNA WAKIM AND MANDEEP GREWAL (2021) “FETAL STAGE”23.4: FETAL STAGE - BIOLOGY LIBRETEXTS

• KENDRA CHERRY (2020) “STAGES OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT: FETAL STAGE”

HTTPS://WWW.VERYWELLMIND.COM/STAGES-OF-PRENATAL-DEVELOPMENT-2795073

• CLEVELAND CLINIC MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL (APRIL 16,2020) ‘’FETAL DEVELOPMENT: STAGES OF GROWTH’’
HTTPS://MY.CLEVELANDCLINIC.ORG/HEALTH/ARTICLES/7247-FETAL-DEVELOPMENT-STAGES-OF-GROWTH

• FLAGG. (2017). MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING (8TH ED.). LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS AND WILKINS. INFANT REFLEXES. (N.D.).
HTTPS://MEDLINEPLUS.GOV/ENCY/ARTICLE/003292.HTM#:%7E:TEXT=THE%20BABY%20WILL%20EXTEND%20HIS,WHEN%20THE%20AIRWAY%20IS%20STIMUL
ATEDNS.
• HELP ME GROW MN. HELP ME GROW MN. (N.D.) HTTPS://HELPMEGROWMN.ORG/HMG/HELPFULRES/ARTICLES/WHATMOTORPHYSICALDEV/INDEX.HTML

• LOGSDON, A. (2021, APRIL 4). FINE MOTOR SKILLS FOR TODDLERS AND PRESCHOOLERS. VERYWELL FAMILY. HTTPS://WWW.VERYWELLFAMILY.COM/WHAT-
ARE-FINE-MOTOR-SKILLS-2162037

• CLYDE EVERETT NOBLE (2022) “PSYCHOMOTOR LEARNING” HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/SCIENCE/PSYCHOMOTOR-LEARNING

• REINADITH PANGILINAN (APRIL 12, 2022) ”STAGES OF PSYCHOMOTOR GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT” HTTPS://STUDY.COM/ACADEMY/LESSON/STAGES-OF-
PSYCHOMOTOR-GROWTH-DEVELOPMENT.HTML

• UNKNOWN AUTHOR (N.D.). “PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT” HTTPS://AGORAPATUFET.COM/HAPPY-LEARNING/CHILDRENS-PSYCHOMOTOR-DEVELOPMENT/

• UNKNOWN AUTHOR (JULY 07, 2021). “PHYSICAL CHANGES IN PUBERTY” HTTPS://RAISINGCHILDREN.NET.AU/PRE-TEENS/DEVELOPMENT/PUBERTY-SEXUAL-

DEVELOPMENT/PHYSICAL-CHANGES-IN-
PUBERTY#:~:TEXT=PUBERTY%20TYPICALLY%20STARTS%20AT%2010,%2C%20HAIR%2C%20TEETH%20AND%20SWEATINESS.

• LOGEN BREEHL, OMAR CABAN (APRIL 5, 2022) “PHYSIOLOGY, PUBERTY” HTTPS://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/BOOKS/NBK534827/

• ROBERT J. HAVIGHURST (1900–1991). STATEUNIVERSITY.COM. (N.D.). HTTPS://EDUCATION.STATEUNIVERSITY.COM/PAGES/2032/HAVIGHURST-ROBERT-J-

1900-1991.HTML
• TAKE ONLINE COURSES. EARN COLLEGE CREDIT. RESEARCH SCHOOLS, DEGREES & CAREERS. STUDY.COM | TAKE ONLINE COURSES. EARN COLLEGE CREDIT.
RESEARCH SCHOOLS, DEGREES & CAREERS. (N.D.). HTTPS://STUDY.COM/ACADEMY/LESSON/HAVIGHURSTS-DEVELOPMENTAL-TASK-
MODEL.HTML#:~:TEXT=HAVIGHURST'S%20DEVELOPMENTAL%20TASK%20MODEL%20INCLUDES,WHICH%20IS%20AFTER%20AGE%2060.