Nmƒkv Un°≥kv

(1812-˛1870)
{]kn-≤-\mb Cw•njv BJym-bn-Im-Im-c≥. 1812-˛¬ P\n-®p. Iqen-the sNbvXp
Pohn-X-am-cw-`n-®p. Hcp ]≠-I-im-e-bnse tPmen-°p-tijw tImS-Xn-bnepw ]m¿e-
sa‚nepw dnt∏m¿´-dm-bn-Øo¿∂p. AXp Ign™v kmln-Xy-hr-Øn-bn-te°p IS∂p.
1838-˛¬ Hen-h¿ SznÃv {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn. \nt°m-fmkv \n°¬_n, tUhnUv
tIm∏¿^o¬Uv, c≠p \K-c-ß-fp-sS- I-Y, henb {]Xo-£-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh {]kn-
≤-amb IrXn-I-fm-Wv. 1870-˛¬ A¥-cn-®p.

KS
O
BO
C
D
 H-en-h¿ SznÃv

BapJw

sjbvIvkv]n-b¿°p-tijw Cw•n-jn-ep-≠m-bn-´p≈ G‰hpw alm-\mb

\mS-Iob kmln-Xy-Im-c-s\-∂mWv hna¿i-I-\mb FUva¨Uv hn¬k¨
Nmƒkv Un°≥kns\ hnti-jn-∏n-®X - v. G‰hpw sshhn-[y-ap-≈Xpw hnkvXr-
X-hp-amb temIw krjvSn-®Xv Un°≥km-sW-∂p-IqSn hn¬k¨ kqNn-
∏n®p. sjbvIvkv]n-b¿ Ign-™m¬ Cw•njv kmln-Xy-Øn¬ G‰hpw Bcm-
[y-Xbpw Bkzm-Zy-Xbpw t\Snb Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw Un°≥km-Wv.
Hen-h¿ SznÃv, ^mKn≥, anÿ _w_nƒ, kv{IqPv, tUhnUv tIm∏¿
^o¬Uv, bqdnblo]v, en‰n¬ s\¬, \ns°m-m-e kv \n°¬_n,
ekv \n°¬
\n° ]nIvhnIv...

KS
B IYm-]m-{X-ßsf ]cn-N-b-an-√m-Ø-h h--cn-√. Un°≥kns‚
Un°≥ A\-iz-c-
krjvSnIƒ! IYm-]m{XßfpsS sjbvI Ivkv ]v ocn-b≥ Kme-
K dn-bmWv Un°≥kv
krjvSn-®-sX∂p ]d-bmw. a\p-jy-k kz-z-`m-h-Øns‚ hn`n∂ amXr-I-I-fm-W-
O
h¿. Zmcn-{Zyhpw ]´n-Wnbpw X´n∏pw ´n∏pw Zpc-bp-sa√mw \nd™ 19-˛mw \q‰m-
≠nse Cw•njv PohnXw Xs‚ ‚ t\mh-ep-Ifpw fp sNdp-IY - I
- f
- pw-hgn Un°≥kv
BO

Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. Zmcn-{Zyhpw ]´n-Wnbpw A]- A am-\hpw \nd™ _mey-Im-e-

Øns‚ Ibv]p-\o¿ IpSn®v ®v Pohn-°m\pw m\ hoSp-t]m-‰m-\p-am-bn -Iq-en-∏-Wn-sb-
SpØp kzbw \n¿Ωn® ® a\p-
a j jy-y-\m-bn-cp∂p Un°≥kv. Ai-c-Wcpw ZpxJnX-
cp-amb a\p-jy-cpsS sSS IY-Iƒ efn- e Xhpw lrZ-b-kv]¿in-bp-amb `mj-bn¬
At±lw Ah-X X-c- n-∏n-®p. 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠nse Cw•njv kmln-Xy-Øn\v ]pXnb
Znim-t_m-[ hpw \evIn. At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ ]®-bmb a\p-jy-
[hpw
PohnXØns‚ ‚ XpSn-∏p-≠v; bmYm¿∞yØns‚ ad-bn-√mØ Bhn-jvIm-chpw.
C∂pw Un°≥kns\ kns hmb-\-°m¿°p {]nb-¶-c-\m°n \n¿Øp∂Xv B
a\p-jy-KpWwXs∂.
hnIvtSm-dn-b≥ \mK-cn-Ik - a- q-lØ- ns‚ kwL¿j-ßfpw A]-{ip-Xn-Ifpw
hn{`m-¥n-Ifpw ZpximTy-ßfpw `uXn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb kar-≤nbpw
Du¿÷-hp-sa√mw Un°≥kns‚ t\mh-ep-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-®p. bYm¿∞-
Øn¬ Um\n-b¬ Unt^mbpw ^o¬Unßpw tKmƒUv kvanØp-am-bn-cp∂p
Un°≥kns‚ amXr-II - ƒ. ]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Ah¿ krjvSn® a\pjy-
am-Xr-II
- sf Un°≥kv ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠nse \mK-cn-Ik - a- q-lØ
- n-te°p
]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-®p, auen-I-amb HuPz-ey-tØm-sS. B Ime-L-´-Ønse
e≠≥\-K-cw l-kvX-tc-J-Iƒt]m-se ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp∂p Un°≥-kn\v.
B \K-c-Øns‚ {]Xn-P-\-`n-∂-Xbpw k¶o¿W-ssh-hn-[yhpw Un°≥kv
Bhn-jvI-cn-®p. sk‚n-sa‚m-en-‰nbpw satem-{Um-abpw Un°≥kns‚
\yq\XI-fmbn Nq≠-n°m-´-s∏-Sm-dp≠v. Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ßsf ]e-t∏mgpw
At±lw BZ¿i-h-XvIr-Xhpw AXn-`m-hp-I-hp-amb LS-\m-hn-Xm-\-ß-fn-
227
 H-en-h¿ SznÃv

Hcp A\mYiniphns‚ P\\w

e ≠\nse Adnbs∏SmØ Hcp sXcphv. AhnsS Hcp tImWn¬

Ime∏g°w sN∂Xpw Po¿Wn®Xpamb s\Sp\of≥ sI´nS߃.
Ct∂m \msftbm \new]‰mhp∂ NphcpIƒ°v acØSnIƒsIm≠p
Xmßp sImSpØncn°p∂p. `mcw Npaente‰nb hr≤sct∏mse
tXm∂p∂ sI´nS߃ H´\h[n D≠v. inincØnse IdpØncp≠
n\
cm{Xn. acw tIm®p∂ XWp∏Øv Aamhmkn\mfnt\mSp s]mcpXn-
s°m≠v Hcp sIm®p sI´nSØn\IØp\n∂v ∂v Acn®cn®p
Acn® ]pdtØ°p
hcp∂ {]Imiw. k¿°m¿ sNehn¬ \SØp∂ Øp∂ Hc\
Hc\mYaμncamWXv.

KS
At\Iw ]mhs∏´hcpsS ImWs∏´´ kz¿Kw. Bcpamcpan√mØh-
B
cpsS BimtI{μw! F¶nepw AXn¬ Xn¬ Xmakn
Xmakn°p∂Xp \cIXpey-
amWv. AhnsS Znhkhpw P\\acW߃\acW߃
acW߃ kw`hn°mdp≠v. Hcp
O
]pXpPohs‚ ]ndhnbn¬ BcpahnsS k kt¥mjn°mdn√. AhnsS
acn°p∂hsc sNm√n Bcpw cpw IÆo¿ sNmcnbmdn√.
s
BO

nsS\ns∂mcp {]khØns‚ thZ\ Ie¿∂

Aev]w apºv AhnsS\ns∂mcp
i_vZw Db¿∂ncp∂p.∂p. Ct∏mgm apdnbn¬ bmsXmc\°hpan√. apdn-
Øp≈ Iod∏mbn¬
bpsS Hcp `mKØp≈ I d∏m {]khthZ\ kln®p Xf¿∂p
abßn-°nS°p∂ ∂ Hcp kkv{Xosb ImWmw. sXm´cnInembn Pohs‚
C

e£Wwt]mepw mepw tXm∂

tXm∂mØ Hcp tNmc°p™v.
D

Xs‚ XpNvpNvOam
amb {]Xn^eØn\p≈ tPmen sNbvXp Ign™
F
a´n¬ tUmIvS¿ Fgpt∂‰p. Hcp Icmdp ]Wn Xo¿Ø Bizmkw B
apJØp \ngen®pImWp∂p. At±lsØ klmbn® A\mYmeb-
Ønse At¥hmknIfnsemcmfmb Inghnbpw Fgpt∂‰p. apdnbpsS
as‰mcp tImWnembn IØns°m≠ncn°p∂ s\cnt∏mSn\cnInte°v
tUmIvS¿ \oßn. s\cnt∏mSn\p apIfn¬ ssI∏ØnIƒ hnS¿Øn
NqSp]nSn∏n®p. \o≠ taev°p∏mbØns‚ t]m°‰n¬\n∂v Inghn-
Ø≈ aZy°p∏n ]pdsØSpØp. AXnse aZyw Du‰n°pSn®psIm≠p
icocw NqSp ]nSn∏n®p.
C°gn™ \nanjwhsc Xm≥ Pohn® A`btI{μw hn´p ]pdØp-
h∂ k¶SwsImt≠m Ft¥m B tNmc°p™p s]m´n°c™p.
Ahs‚ PohnXØnse BZysØ hnPbw! B A\mYmebØnse
`£Ww ]¶nSm≥ HchIminIqSn P\n®ncn°p∂p F∂v B i_vZw
hnfn®dnbn®p.
237
 hniz-km-ln-Xy-Xm-cm-hen

am\n¬\n∂v Ah≥ Fs∂t∂°pambn tamNn∏n°s∏´p. ]t£,

XpeyZpxJnXcmb Xs‚ kplrØp°sf hn´p]ncnbp∂Xnep≈
lrZbthZ\sIm≠mImw, Ahs‚ IÆpIfn¬\n∂pw IÆp\o¿Øp-
≈nIƒ AS¿∂p hoWp. X\n°]cnNnXamb hgnIfneqsS _w_n-
ens\ ]n¥pS¿∂p.
Hcp ssIbnse DW°sdm´n Im¿∂pXn∂psIm≠pw ASpØ
ssIsIm≠v Xebnse henb sXm∏n Im‰nenfInt∏mImXncn°m-
\mbn Xmßn∏nSn®psIm≠pw _w_nens‚ ]ndtI \S∂p\oßn. Fhn-
tS°p t]mIps∂t∂m F¥n\p t]mIps∂t∂m AdnbmsX bm{¥nI-
ambh≥ \S∂p.
HºXp h¿j߃°p apºv Xm≥ P\n® A\mYmebØnte-
°mWv Xs∂ sIm≠pt]mIp∂sX∂v Ah\dn™ncp∂n√. hn[nbpsS
IcmflkvXßfn¬s∏´v sRßnsRcpßn°gnbm≥ bm≥ Xs∂ H‰bv°p
mIhmk shSn™Xv
hn´psIm≠v hm’ey\n[nbmb AΩ CltemIhmkw

KS
B A\mYmebØnse apdn°p≈n¬sh®msW∂p≈sW∂p≈
W∂p≈ ZpxJkXyhpw
Z
Ah\dnbmambncp∂n√. O
hnev°s∏Sp∂
p∂
∂ _‘
_‘߃
A\mYmebØns‚
BO

CSn™ps]mfn™
Sn™ps]mf sI´nSØn¬ sN∂p
Ibdnb DSs\ t_m¿Un\pp apºn¬ lmPcmhm≥ _w_n¬ Henh-
m¿sU∂
m¿sU
tdmSp ]d™p. t_m¿sU∂p ]
]d™m¬ F¥msW∂p a\ nem-
¥whn´p
hmsX Ah≥ A¥whn´p hn´p \n∂p.
\n∂ AXp a\ nem°m\p≈ kmhImiw
\ nem°ns°
\evIpItbm, a\ nem°ns°mSp°pItbmsNbv Xn√. F¥p sNøW-
angn®p\n °p∂ Ahs‚ Xebn¬ A\pkcW°p‰-
sa∂dnbmsX angn®p\nev
Nqc¬
Øn\v _w_n¬ Nqc¬sIm≠Sn®p. Henh¿ Xcn®pt]mbn. CXn\pw
]pdta hfsc i‡nbmbn apXpInsemcp sXmgnbpw In´n. CXn\p
am{Xw Xms\¥p sX‰p sNbvsX∂ `mhØn¬ Ah≥ _w_nens\
Zb\obambn t\m°n.
""IgpXsbt∏mse angn®p\nev°msX Fs∂ ]n¥pScq.''
_w_nens‚ imk\ Ah\\pkcn®p. IpΩmbw tX®pan\p°nb
Hcp apdnbnte°mWv Ahs\ sIm≠pt]mbXv. \me©p am\y∑m¿
AhnsS \os≠mcp taibv°p Np‰pw hf™pIqSnbncn°p∂p. AXn\p
apºn¬ sNdnsbmcp taibv°p ]n∂n¬ Db¿∂ Ccn∏nS-Øn¬ Hcp
henb a\pjy≥ Ccn°p∂p. Nph∂ IÆpIfpw h´apJhpw Bhiy-
Øne[nIw amwkw Xqßn\nev°p∂ IhnfpIfpap≈ B a\pjys\
I≠m¬ Bcpw t\m°nt∏mIpw. Hc¤pXPohnsbt∏mse Henh¿
Abmsf Xpdn®p t\m°n.
244
 H-en-h¿ SznÃv

""\osbmcp \μnsI´ sX≠nbmWv . ]d™m¬ tIƒ°mØ

IgpX.'' _w_n¬ Ahs\ A[nt£]n®p. A]am\w kln°m\m-
hmsX Ah≥ Gßntbßn Ic™p.
""kmtd, Fs∂ \μnsI´hs\∂p ]d™v A[nt£]n°cpXv.
Cu temIØn¬ kvt\ln°mt\m, AhImis∏Smt\m F\n°v
Bcpan√. Rm≥ \√h\mWv.''
B ]mhw Ip´n Ic™psIm≠p ]d™p. ]t£, Icn¶√n-
\pt≠m lrZbw! bmsXmcp `mht`Zhpw IqSmsX _w_n¬ F∂
B ZpjvS≥ \S∂I∂p! Ahs\ Bizkn∏n°pItbm Ah-t\mSp
kvt\l-tØmsS Hcp hm°p ]dbpItbm sNbvXn√.

KqVkwLØns‚ hebn¬
eb
tkmh¿_dnbpsS
KS
ISbnseØptºmtg°pw
ºmtg°pw
tg°pw k‘ybmbnØpS-
k
ßnbncp∂p. _w_n¬ IS∂p sN√ptºmƒ tºmƒ
ºmƒ Abmƒ
Abm Ft¥m IpØn-
°pdn°pIbmbncp∂p. _w_nens\ \ Abmƒ kzmKXw
kz sNbvXp. Xs‚
\ng¬ ]‰n\n∂ Henhsd ap∂nte°p e°p
°p X≈n, Xm≥
X h∂ ImcysØ°p-
O
dn®v _w_n¬ kqN\ \evIn. Henhsd H∂p H∂ kq£vaambn t\m°nb
tijw tkmh¿_dn Xs‚ ]Xv Xv\nsb Atßm´p
A hnfn®p.
BO

saen™p Ipdnb Hcp kv{Xo ]pdØph∂p.

] Henhsd ASnapX¬
apSnhsc H∂p t\m°nbtijw
°n tijw ]d™p:
]
""Cu ]ø≥ hfsc s sNdp∏amWt√m.''
dp
d
Xs‚ ]XvXv \ nbpsS Cu
C A`n{]mbtØmSv tkmh¿_dnbpw
tbmPn®p. F¶nepw AX{X
AX
A Imcyambns´Spt°≠Xns√∂p ]d™p
kam[m\n∏n®p.®p. B ZºXnamcpsS kw`mjWw tI´m¬, Ah≥
pX
a\x]q¿hw hepXmhmXncn°p∂XmsW∂p tXm∂pw. B sIm®p
]øs\ hepXm°nsbSp°m\p≈ sNehp Nn¥n®t∏mƒXs∂
an nkv tkmh¿_dn°v kln°m≥ Ign™n√. Ah¿ ]√p ISn®v
HenhdpsS t\tc `{ZImfnsbt∏mse HmSns®∂p:
""F¥mSm \n∂p angn®pt\m°p∂Xv? AIØp tIdnt∏mSm,
IgptX...'' Xmsgbp≈ \nebnte°ndßm\p≈ act°mWnbpsS
hmXn¬ Xpd∂v Henhsd X≈nbn´p. ]mhw Henh¿! Ah≥ Xebn-
Sn®p hotg≠Xmbncp∂p. ]t£, `mKyØn\p hogmsX c£s∏´p.
hngp∏pK‘w \nd™ Hcp apdnbnemWh≥ FØnbXv . Ac≠
asÆÆhnf°ns‚ {]ImiØn¬ jm¿e´v F∂ ASp°f°mcn
s∏Æv Ft¥m tPmenbnte¿s∏´ncn°pIbmbncp∂p. bmsXmcp
Iqkepan-√msX Ahƒ Xs‚ tPmen XpS¿∂p. At∏mtg°pw an nkv.
tkmh¿_dn AhnsSsbØn.
251