PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

A"ʳÉ÷
 Basic Quantities Derived Quantities
Do not need other
to be defined
Require 1 or more basic

quantities quantities to defined

be

length ,
Mass Time , Speed Density
, ,
Force ,
Energy
SI units are units set by the metric system for each quantity
② SI unit for time = seconds G)
② SI unit for
length = metre Cm)

③ SI unit for mass =

Kilogram (Ing)
Accuracy : the smallest
reading that be taken from
can

an instrument .
Equal to the smallest scale division .

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MEASURED FEATURES
curved
Measuring Several 0.1 cm
Can
lengths
measure

Tape Metres
Metre/Half metre
-
< 1 metre 0.1 cm
Most common instrument
Rule for measuring length
µ,, , ,, an o.o , am www.emae.eaa.ug ,

using inside jaws

Calipers
.

Micrometer Screw < 2.5cm 0 001

.

am Very accurate measurements

Gauge of small lengths
metre rule can be avoided from 1cm mark and
Zero errors in
by reading
subtracting 2cm from the noted
reading
Parallax while rule can be avoided
errors
reading to metre a
by
positioning eyes perpendicular
the point of measurement .

Zero micrometer be checked by observing the

errors in can
reading
when no
object is
placed .
The final
reading should then be adjusted .
?⃝
 for intervals of time
measuring large
CLOCKS used
STOPWATCHES used for short intervals of time
measuring
.

Due to human reaction time (HRT)

,
we
usually take
readings correct to
Idp .

Repeat and average readings whenever

possible to reduce errors .

① Measuring diameter of sphere using micrometer a

② Timing oscillations of
pendulum a

""" """ "" "" "" " ° "" "

/ f /
"" " """
"
109 to
prefixes
giga Converting DIVIDE
•

me 10°
" Scalar Quantities Vector Quantities
kilo 103
centi 10-2 Only have magnitude Have both
magnitude { dir

10-3 Distance speed mass

Displacement velocity
Milli , , , ,

10-6 weight
/
.

micro Can be added directly Must be added

" usingTheorem
10
nano
Htotruleor
Pythagoras

Measuring
MEASURING
VOLUME Mass
+ Beam Balance Electronic Balance
LIQUID Use measuring cylinder,
Measures mass Measures mass
SOLID OR the mark closest

LIQUID ?
> reading d- the
to the center by comparing with with the help of
meniscus .
combinations of advanced sensors

known masses
SOLID t
IRREGULAR Pom known volume of Cheap Expensive
REGULAR OR liquid into measuring cylinder
> Add solid and read "ewʳᵈ
.

Not
Highly accurate
IRREGULAR IN accurate
very
.

SHAPE ? V01 of =
Final _
Initial
solid V01 V01

REGULAR
,
volume formula
Apply
according to the
shape
.

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