Aim

To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of

resistances using a metre bridge.

Apparatus
Ametre bridge, a Leclanche cell (battery eliminator),
a galvanometer, a resistance box, a jockey, two
resistance wires or two resistance coils knowwn
resistances, a set square, sand paper and connecting

Wires.

Theory
() The resistance (r) ofa resistance wire or coil is given by r= (100- . R

where R is the resistance from the resistance box in

the left gap and I is the length of the metre bridge
wire from zero end up to balance point.
Ci) When, and r, are connected in parallel, then their combined resistance

Circuit diagram
(Inparallel

w
ww

(100-
10 20 30 40 5060 70 80 90 100
Juulunhuluuluulunhunlhulunhunluuluylunluuluululnbunlunlu

CLs7 8 CBSE
10 11 12 CBSE
NOTES
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 (4) Resistances in parallel

Flg. Resistances in parallel.

Procedure

1. Mark the two resistance coils as ry and

r2
2. To findri and r2 proceed same way as in
Experiment 1. (If r1 and r2 are not known.)
3. Connect the two coils r and r2 in parallel as
shown in figure in the right gap of metre bridge
and find the resistance of this combination.
Take at least three sets of observations
4. Record your observations.

Observations

Table for length() and Unknown resistance (x)

only

a only

andr, in
CBSE
CLS 6 78 CBSE
10 11 12 NOTES
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Observations

Table for length() and Unknown resistance (x)

only
1

ra only

andr, in
2.

Calculations
Calculation for verification of laws
Experimental value of R, . .

Theoretical value of
R,tT
Difference (if any)

Result

Within limits of experimental error, experimental and

theoretical values of Ro are same. Hence, law of
resistances in parallel is verified.

Precautions
CBSE
CLS67 8 9
CBSE
10
11 12
NOTES
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PRECAUTIONS
1. Make all connections neat, clean and tight. Use a piece of sand paper remove off insulation from the ends
of the connecting wire.
2. Keep the plugs in the resistance box tight in their sockets.
3. While taking observation first make the main circuit on by putting plug in key K and then only move
the jockey on wire.
4. Do not keep the main circuit on all the time remove plug key K as soon as one observation is completed,
so that resistance is not altered due to excessive heating8
Section A: Experiments 39
 5. Move the jockey over the wire in small steps by lifting it. Do not slide it rubbing along the wire, Ala
make the contact gently. Do not press it too hard on the wire.
6. Try to obtain the balance near 50 cm mark, so that bridge be used in most sensitive state.
7. To protect the galvanometer from damage due to excessive current, use a high resistance in series oraa
it which may be subsequently removed near null point.
low resistance in parallel to
8. Keep the connecting wires straight to avoid induction effect.
sOURCES OF ERROR
1. There may be error due to contact resistances.
estimated.
2. Length of the wire used in connections may not be correctly
wires when continuous current flows for some time.
3. There may be a change in resistance due to heating of
4. The wire may not be of uniform thickness.
end resistances due to copper strips and connecting
screws.
5. The measurement of resistance is affected by the