ENGLISH

News Report 4. The TAIL contains the less important

News reports are found in newspapers and
their purpose is to inform readers of what is
happening in the world around them. News
reports have a certain structure that you need
to follow. This structure is sometimes called
the Inverted Pyramid. This is what it looks
like:
information which is often omitted by the
newspaper editor if there is not enough space
left in the newspaper.
Hints
• Your News Report should be easy to
understand; every news story should be able
to be read by a twelve year old!

• Try to be fair – include both sides of the

story and don’t let your personal opinion get
in the way of reporting the ‘facts’.

Types of Speech (Purpose)

 Informative – provides interesting

1. News Reports begin with a catchy
HEADLINE.
2. The LEAD PARAGRAPH informs the
reader of the most important aspects of the
story as soon as possible. The LEAD
PARAGRAPH is often the only part of the
story that people read. Use the 5Ws rule:
and useful information to the
audience.
 Demonstrative – to demonstrate
something given.
 Entertainment – provides pleasure
and enjoyment to make the audience
laugh.
 Persuasive – to convince people opr
change in some way.

• WHO (is involved)

• WHAT (took place)

• WHEN (did it take place)

• WHERE (did it take place)

• WHY (did it happen)

• HOW (did it happen) – only include this if

there is space

3. The BODY of the News Report gives more

details and provides more information about
the WHY and HOW of the story.
Informative Speech
An informative speech always delivers
information to the audience. But not all
informative speeches inform an audience in
the same way. The four types of informative
speeches are definition speeches,
demonstration speeches, explanatory
speeches, and descriptive speeches.
1. A definition speech explains the
meaning, theory, or philosophy of a
specific topic that the audience likely
does not know much about. The
topics may be general, such as a sport,
or highly specific, such as a particular
person. The main goal of this speech
is to educate the audience so that they
understand the main points regarding
this subject
2. A demonstration speech explains
how to do something. If you have ever
sat through a lecture where a teacher
explained how to create a
bibliography, then you have heard a
demonstration speech. Like most
informative speeches, a how-to
speech will likely use visual examples
that show the audience how to move
from step to step through a particular
activity.
3. An explanatory speech might give a
description of the state of a given
topic. As an example, consider a
speech that might be given at a
professional conference to inform the
audience about a particular part of an
industry. Often, these type of
speeches will include visual
representations of the particular data
or statistics relating to information
contained in the speech.
4. A descriptive speech uses vivid
language and visual images to create a
memorable picture in a person’s mind
regarding an object, person, animal,
or place. An archaeologist who has
discovered a new temple in South
America or a paleontologist who
believes they have found a new
dinosaur may use a descriptive
speech to inform an interested
audience about their recent
discoveries.
Textual Aids
Textual aids are educational instruments,
could be written texts, or printed texts
and other ways of emphasizing the
essential phrases, thoughts, graphs,
and /or images.
Textual aids are tools or materials that
provide support and facilitate
understanding of texts. These aids are,
most of the time, graphical outlines or
images that gives a general idea of a
certain topic
 Title and Subtitles – Provide
initial idea on what the text is all
about.
 Illustration – a visual
representation of a subject
 Pictographs – uses picture
symbols to illustrate statistical
information.
 Maps – visual representations of
selected characteristics of a place
 Physical map – includes labels for
features such as mountain ranges
and bodies of water
 Political map – usually includes
labels for features such as cities
and major towns
  Tables – used to show patterns
and relationships using rows and
columns
 Graphs – used when a simple
table cannot adequately
Elements of a Plot
demonstrate important
relationships of data
 Bar Graphs – graphical
representation of data quantities
or numbers using bars or strips.
Used to compare and contrast
numbers, frequencies or other
measures of distinct categories of
data.
 Line Graphs – uses lines to
connect individual data points.
Displays quantitative values over
a specified time interval.
 Pie graphs – used when you’re
trying to compare parts of a
whole.
Elements of a Short Story
 Character - is a person, animal,
being, creature, or thing in a story.
Writers use characters to perform
the actions and speak dialogue,
moving the story along a plot line.
 Setting - is the context in a scene or
story that describes the elements in
which a story is taking place,
including time, place, and
environment.
 Theme - is the main idea or
underlying meaning a writer explores
in a novel, short story, or other
literary work.
 Plot - is the sequence of events that
shape a broader narrative, with every
event causing or affecting each other.
 Conflict - is a struggle between
opposing forces. Characters must act
to confront those forces and there is
where conflict is born. If there is
nothing to overcome, there is no
story. Conflict in a story creates and
drives the plot forward.
 Exposition - This is your book’s
introduction, where you introduce
your characters, establish the setting,
and begin to introduce the primary
conflict of your story.
 Rising Action - The rising action
normally begins with an inciting
incident, or a moment that sets your
story into action. As it progresses,
you’ll have multiple moments of
conflict that escalate and create
tension as the story moves toward the
climax.
 Climax - The climax is the peak of
tension, plot, and character in your
story. It’s the moment that your
reader has been waiting for—so make
it exciting!
 Falling action - This is the time to
start resolving conflicts and subplots
so your story doesn’t feel rushed in
the last few chapters. This is also
where any conflicts that arose as a
result of the climax can start being
resolved.
 Resolution - is the end of your story
where you can tie up the final loose
ends and bring your story to its happy
or tragic ending.
Linear and Non-Linear Texts
Linear text - refers to traditional text that
needs to be read from beginning to the
end.
 Novels, poems, short stories,
letters, educational texts
 Nonlinear text - is the opposite of linear Filipino nation to improve their country and
text. As its name suggests, it is nonlinear make it self-sufficient
and non-sequential. In other words, the
readers do not have to go through the text
in a sequential manner in order to make
sense of the text.

 flowcharts, charts, and graphs (ex:

pie chart, bar graphs), graphical
organizers such as knowledge
maps and story maps

Comparison and Contrast

Comparison in writing discusses elements

that are similar, while contrast in writing
discusses elements that are different. A
compare-and-contrast essay, then, analyzes
two subjects by comparing them, contrasting
them, or both.

Adverbs of Negation and Affirmation

Adverbs of negation - Some adverbs (e.g.

hardly, little, never, only, scarcely and
seldom) have a negative meaning. When we
use these at the beginning of the clause, we
invert the subject and verb: Hardly had we
left the hotel when it started to pour with
rain.

Adverbs of affirmation - The following are the

examples of the adverbs of affirmation:
Certainly, definitely, truly, exactly, clearly,
really, indeed, etc. These adverbs confirm the
actions of the verb by showing the level of
certainty of the speaker.

HINT

The poem states that whilst many Filipinos

are achieving great things for their country,
there is still much more to be done and more
residents must contribute to the efforts. In
short, Like The Molave is about inspiring the