Precision Agriculture System Using Verilog

Hardware Description Language to Design an ASIC

Rajesh Khatri
Jitendra Patidar R.C. Gurjar
Department of Electronics and
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Instrumentation
Instrumentation Instrumentation
Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of
Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of
Technology and Science
Technology and Science Technology and Science
(Autonomous)
(Autonomous) (Autonomous)
Indore, India
Indore, India Indore, India
rajeshkhatri1@rediffmail.com
jitendrapatidar188@gmail.com rcgurjar94@gmail.com

Abstract— Objective of this paper to explain how traditional
agriculture in India can be replaced with smart and precision
agriculture by controlling different parameter using
programmed hardware through Verilog hardware description
language with available sensor network data to develop an
ASIC.
There are different parameters which are responsible for
growth of plant, by controlling that parameter production and
growth of plant can be improved rapidly in compare of
traditional agriculture
Issue in traditional agriculture can easily remove through
precision agriculture based network. Using precision
agriculture organic farming can possible so disease cause by
inorganic farming can overcome easily. Water supply in
traditional agriculture is more than need of plant so more
energy consume to supply more water, using precision
agriculture water supply according to need of plant so energy
conservation possible. Data analysis of agriculture sector can
give correct information about consumption and production of
different crops, vegetables, fruits. According to data analysis
farmer can easily grow different crops according to demand
with the help of precision agriculture.
Keywords: Traditional agriculture, precision agriculture, Verilog
Hardware Description Language, sensor network, Organic
Farming
technology implemented in agriculture than organic farming
possible and we can easily match production according to
population growth, and disease due to inorganic vegetables
and fruits can be controlled.
A Beecham's report for Precision agriculture: Report
predicts that using precision agriculture crop production will
increased by approximately 60 percent till 2050 to meet
consumption rate of food our evaluated world population
around 9.7 billion people [2].
In Indian economy strongholds of agriculture and
approximately 15.45 percent of the country’s gross domestic
product (GDP) contributes by agriculture sector in 2017-18,
for crop production at worldwide level India positioned at
second rank. In India only agriculture section provided work
to 58.4 percent of labor section [3].
In India, supply of necessary material for growing crop and
transfer of harvested crops for farmers of India is influence
by improper facility for transportation and supply. Farmer in
India get around 16 percent cost of product pays by
consumer for same product, difference of 84 percent going
to merchant, product Supply Company and middle man,
Whereas Farmers in developed economies of Europe and the
United States receive 64% to 81% for their produce [4].

II. PROPOSED METHADOLOGY

I. INTRODUCTION
In the last few years all areas related applications are
being developed in recent technology like automation and
internet of things. In Indian economy agriculture plays an
important role. Most of the population depends on
agriculture. Due to traditional agriculture the crop damaged
which cause loss for farmer and hence precision agriculture
based on automation concept was introduced. Using
precision agriculture crop production increase and crop
damage will reduce. In precision agriculture all parameter
responsible for plant growth can be monitor and vary
according to need of plant growth [1].
Nowadays population increase rapidly but production not
increase in that same ratio. For matching production
according to population, and save crops from altering
atmosphere pesticides and chemical fertilizers in bulk
quantity used. Due to traditional agriculture with pesticides
and chemical fertilizers produce inorganic crops, vegetables,
and fruits, consumption of inorganic fruits, vegetables, and
crops for many diseases in human being and other animals.
Traditional way of farming used by maximum farmer in
India because farmer not known about technology. If
A. Block diagram and flow chart
With the help of verilog language we can develop a
system based on FPGA that monitors water supply, PH
value, nutrients ratio, temperature, moisture, humidity, and
light intensity. Using above mention parameter an algorithm
develop to code processor for controlling hardware
according to sensor data. For outdoor farming we can
monitor all above mentioned parameter but control water
supply, nutrients ratio, moisture only. For indoor farming
we can monitor and control all above mentioned parameter.
System for remotely monitoring temperature, moisture,
humidity, PH value, nutrients ratio, light intensity and water
supply. Fig 1 shows the system contain sensors, FPGA,
Field Data etc.
There are following parameters which are important in
agriculture for plant growth:-
1) Temperature,2) Moisture,3) PH value,4) Light intensity
5) Humidity

978-1-7281-5543-2/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE

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 Fig: 1 Block diagram for precision agriculture
1) Temperature
For better plant growth day temperature required around
26°C to 30°C and night temperature around 15°C to 18°C.
Hardware like heater and cooler can be used for controlling
temperature in appropriate limit.
2) Moisture
For better plant growth moisture should be in balance,
which can be controlled through proper water supply with
the help of hardware like motor pump.
3) PH value
PH value required for better plant growth is between 5 to
7.Nutrients and water supply to plant according to that limit
of PH value.
4) Light intensity
For better plant growth day intensity of light needed around
10 lumen to 20 lumen. Hardware like LED can be used for
controlling intensity of light in indoor farming.
5) Humidity
For better plant growth should be higher than 65 percent.
Hardware like humidifier can be used for controlling
humidity in appropriate limit [5].
That above mentioned five parameter can be sense through
different sensors and process through FPGA. If sensed
parameters are not in appropriate limit then further action on
hardware (like- heater, cooler, water pump, LED etc.)
command through FPGA. This processed data can also
available on android application and software on PC trough
WIFI module interfaced to FPGA.
Fig 2 shows the above procedure for particular temperature
data using flow chart.
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Fig: 2 Flow chart for parameter control
B. Module division and sensor used
Here we divide module into two parts one for temperature
and humidity control, and another one for moisture and light
intensity control.
For both module different sensors can be used are given
below:
For module 1 (Temperature and humidity) – DHT11
For module 2 (Moisture and light intensity) – FC-28 and
LDR [6].
C. Finite state machine design
a) For temperature and humidity control module
Fig: 3 shows the Temperature and humidity control module
design using Finite state machine (FSM).
Ist state: as shown in Fig.3 At Ist state all the sensor
output data is zero and it’s reset state where all hardware
also turn off.
IInd state: At IInd state, if temperature is lower than
(00010100) i.e. 20°C, than heater will be on according to
algorithm till temperature reach at 20°C for better plant
growth otherwise system at Ist state.
IIIrd state: At IIIrd state, if temperature is higher than
(00011010) i.e. 26°C, than cooler will be on according to
algorithm till temperature reach at 26°C for better plant
growth otherwise system at Ist state.
IVth state: At IVth state, if humidity is lower than
(01000001) i.e. 65%, than humidifier will be on according
to algorithm till humidity reach at 65% for better plant
growth otherwise system at Ist state.
 III. RESULTS
A. For temperature and humidity control module
Fig: 5 shows the XILINX-ISE 14.7 generated RTL for
temperature and humidity control module.

Fig: 3 state machine design for Temperature and humidity

control module
b) For light intensity and moisture control module
Fig: 4 shows the light intensity and moisture control module
design using Finite state machine (FSM).
A stage: as shown in Fig.4 At A stage all the sensor
output data is zero and it’s reset state where all hardware
also turn off.
B stage: At B stage light intensity is lower than Fig: 5 RTL of temperature and humidity control module
(00001010) i.e. 10 lumen, than light_high will be on
according to algorithm till light intensity reach at 10 lumen
for better plant growth otherwise system at A stage. Fig: 6 shows the mentor graphics EDA tool generated layout
C stage: At C stage light intensity is higher than for temperature and humidity control module.
(00010100) i.e. 20 lumen, than light_low will be on
according to algorithm till light intensity reach at 20 lumen
for better plant growth otherwise system at A stage.
D stage: At D stage moisture is below 1 i.e. (0) means
low, than motor will be on according to algorithm till
moisture reach at (1) means high for better plant growth
otherwise system at A stage.

Fig: 4 state machine design for light intensity and moisture Fig: 6 Layout of temperature and humidity control module
control module

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Fig: 7 shows the XILINX-ISE 14.7 generated waveform for temperature and humidity control module.

Fig: 7 Waveform for temperature and humidity control module

Fig: 8 shows the mentor graphics EDA tool generated post layout simulation for temperature and humidity control module.

Fig: 8 Post layout simulation for temperature and humidity control module

Table: 1 represents the Comparison between FPGA and post layout simulation results for temperature and humidity control
module.

S. No. Temperature Humidity

Input FPGA Post Layout Input FPGA Post Layout
1. 00010000(16°C) Heater=on Heater=on 00000001(1%) Humidifire= on Humidifire= on
2. 00010001(17°C) Heater=on Heater=on 00000010(2%) Humidifire= on Humidifire= on
3. 00010010(18°C) Heater=on Heater=on 00000100(4%) Humidifire= on Humidifire= on
4. 00010011(19°C) Heater=on Heater=on 00000101(5%) Humidifire= on Humidifire= on
5. 00010100(20°C) Both off Both off 00000111(7%) Humidifier= on Humidifire= on
6. 00011010(26°C) Both off Both off 01000000(64%) Humidifire= on Humidifire= on
7. 00011110(30°C) Cooler=on Cooler=on 01000001(65%) Humidifire= off Humidifire= off
8. 00011111(31°C) Cooler=on Cooler=on 01000010(66%) Humidifire=off Humidifire=off

Table: 1 comparison between FPGA and Post layout Simulation output

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B. For light intensity and moisture control module
Fig: 9 shows the XILINX-ISE 14.7 generated RTL for Fig: 10 shows the mentor graphics EDA tool generated
light intensity and moisture control module. layout for light intensity and moisture control module.

Fig: 9 RTL of light intensity and moisture control module Fig: 10 layout of intensity and moisture control module

Fig: 11 shows the XILINX-ISE 14.7 generated waveform for light intensity and moisture control module.

Fig: 11 Waveform for light intensity and moisture control module

Table: 2 represents the Comparison between FPGA and post layout simulation results for light intensity and moisture control
module.

S. No. Light intensity Moisture

Input FPGA Post Layout Input FPGA Post Layout
1. 00001000(8 lumen) Light_high=on Light_high=on 0(low) Motor=on Motor=on
2. 00001010(10 lumen) Both off Both off 1(high) Motor=off Motor=off
3. 00001011(16 lumen) Both off Both off 0(low) Motor=on Motor=on
4. 00010100(20 lumen) Both off Both off 1(high) Motor=off Motor=off
5. 00010101(21 lumen) Light_low=on Light_low=on 0(low) Motor=on Motor=on
6. 00010111(23 lumen) Light_low=on Light_low=on 1(high) Motor=off Motor=off
7. 00011111(31 lumen) Light_low=on Light_low=on 0(low) Motor=on Motor=on
8. 00111111(63 lumen) Light_low=on Light_low=on 1(high) Motor=off Motor=off

Table: 2 comparison between FPGA and Post layout Simulation output

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IV. DIFFERENT TYPE OF FARMING DONE THROUGH THIS
PROPOSED METHADOLOGY
There are two types of farming –
1) Outdoor farming, 2) Indoor farming
In outdoor farming parameter like temperature, humidity,
fertility, light intensity, PH value etc depends on
atmosphere and water supply, moisture, nutrients supply
can be controlled through hardware and other parameter
can only monitor. Geoponics used in outdoor farming in
which crops, vegetables, fruits grow in soil.
In indoor farming all parameter can controlled through
hardware so it is easy to make atmosphere according to
vegetables and fruits requirement. Hydroponics and
aeroponics in which vegetables, fruits grow in water and
mist respectively.
List of plant and tree can be grow in Indoor and Outdoor
farming according to production, possibilities, expanse,
and return wise –
A) Outdoor farming- a) Tree of fruits,b) Crops including
pulses plant, oil producing plant, grain plant, spice plant,
and herbal plant etc.
B) Indoor farming- a) Vegetables, b) Flowers, c) Plant
with leaf as their product, d) Fruits with creeper etc.
V. FOLLOWING ISSUE IN TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE
THAT CAN BE RESOLOVED THROUGH THIS PROPOSED
METHADOLOGY
1) Water supply in traditional agriculture is unpredictable,
here we don’t know about water requirement for plants
we just water supply on the basis of color and soil quality.
Irrigation through traditional technique consumes more
water and electricity in compare of precision agriculture.
Whereas in precision agriculture water supply according
to plants growth and requirement.
2) PH value in traditional agriculture is a unknown
parameter, but for better plant growth PH value in
between 5.5 to 7 (acidic or neutral in nature) that can be
maintain through precision agriculture.
3) Plant growth in traditional agriculture totally depends
on atmosphere (not constant due to climate change) and
chemical fertilizer and pesticide. Through precision
agriculture artificial atmosphere can generated in indoor
farming and nutrients can supply according to stage and
growth of plants.
4) Temperature due to global warming not according to
different stage of plants, so there is no option available in
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traditional agriculture to overcome this problem, whereas
in precision agriculture temperature can maintain to
growth of plants.
5) Forest animals and thief is main problem in traditional
agriculture it can be overcome through camera and alarm
system in precision agriculture.
6) Due to use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer many
new diseases cause in plant. Human being and animal
health also affected by inorganic farming but using
precision agriculture supply of nutrients according to
growth of plant.
7) Unnecessary labor require in traditional agriculture due
to improper maintenance, it can be overcome by proper
management and precision agriculture.
8) Farmer doesn’t believe in new technology and research
work done by agriculture scientist because they think it
will be risky, expansive, and non advantageous.
VI. CONCLUSION
This design of precision agriculture system parameter
control algorithm is simulated and synthesized by
XILINX-ISE software and got the expected results. This
design is tested on ARTIX-7 board and then ASIC is
develop through mentor graphics EDA.
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