PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF CCTV SURVEILLANCE IN CRIME

PREVENTION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ANTIPAS

JERELYN ENCARNACION AGAD

A Thesis Manuscript Submitted to the Department of Criminal Justice

Education, College of Arts and Social Sciences, University
Of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

DECEMBER 2021
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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

APPROVAL OF THESIS MANUSCRIPT

Name JERELYN ENCARNACION AGAD
Major N/A
Degree Sought BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
Specialization N/A
Thesis Title PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF CCTV SURVEILLANCE IN CRIME
PREVENTION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ANTIPAS

APPROVED BY THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE

ROVILINE R. PAL-IWEN, PhD ______________________________

Adviser Co-Adviser
(Optional)
______________ _____________
Date Date
ASHLEY COLEEN S. ORTIZ, LPT RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD
Statistician Department Research Coordinator

______________ _____________
Date Date
VICENTE T. DELOS REYES, PhD
Department Chairperson
______________
Date

ROWELL P. NITAFAN, MPA MARCOS F. MONDERIN,

MA,JD
College Research Coordinator Dean
______________________ ______________________
Date Date
Study No: ________________
Index No: ________________
Recorded by: _____________
RECORDED:
MA. TEODORA N. CABASAN, PhD
Director for Research and Development
_________________
Date

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Recorded by: __________

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

USM-EDR-F05-Rev.4.2020.02.24
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
ACCEPTANCE OF THESIS

The thesis attached hereto entitled ’’PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF CCTV

SURVEILLANCE IN CRIME PREVENTION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ANTIPAS” prepared

and submitted by JERELYN ENCARNACION AGAD, in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY, is hereby accepted.

ROVILINE R. PAL-IWEN, PhD

Adviser

________________________
Date

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Criminology.

ROWELL P.
NITAFAN, MPA
College Research Coordinator

_________________________
Date

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BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
USM-EDR-F10-Rev.3.2020.02.24

The researcher was born at Purok 6, Barangay Malangag, Antipas,

Cotabato on February 6, 2000. She is the youngest daughter of Mrs. Jermelyn

Pinantao.

She finished her primary education at B. Cadungon Elementary School

as class Valedictorian as well graduated her junior high school education at

Malire National High School as class Valedictorian. She took her senior high

school education at Antipas National High School taking Humanities in Social

and Social Sciences and graduated as with honors.

As a daughter who is determined to fulfill her promise to her mother

and older sisters, she pursued her studies and took up Bachelor of Science in

Criminology at the University of Southern Mindanao- Main Campus.

She is a student leader since her elementary days until today in

college. She is a Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) official in their barangay and the

present Criminology Society president. With this, she is confident that she can

conquer all the challenges that might happen in the future.

JERELYN E. AGAD
Researcher

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

“The road of success is not a smooth way, over which are born in

palace car; but it is rugged path, filled with obstacles which can be

surmounted only by patient toil, with the people behind to support.”

The researcher wishes to express her sincere gratitude and

appreciation to those who helped and contributed to her success and become

a part of her life. As she was making this study, she wanted to give greatest

thanks first and foremost to the Almighty Father, who had given her the

strength, knowledge and guidance to accomplish her study.

The researcher would like to acknowledge the following persons for

their contribution to the fulfillment of the study:

To Dr. Roviline R. Pal-iwen, her adviser for her untiring support,

guidance, encouragement, time and patience in polishing the manuscript;

To Dr. Vicente T. Delos Reyes and Sir Jeson P. Donque, her panel

member, for their willingness to share their valuable ideas, suggestions,

corrections and recommendation;

To Ma’am Ashely Coleen S. Ortiz, her statistician, for her effort in

helping the researcher in analyzing the data;

To Sir Rowell P. Nitafan, College Research Coordinator, for his

constant encouragement throughout her research period;

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To Dr. Richard T. Camara, the Department Research Coordinator, for

imparting his knowledge and expertise in her study;

To all the faculty members of the Department of Criminal Justice

Education, for their constant encouragement for the completion of the study.

The researcher would like also to extend her heartful thanks to her

mother Mrs. Jermelyn Pinantao, stepfather Joel Pinantao, and her sisters Lou

Gean and Lou En, for their all-out support, love and encouragement that serve

as her inspiration.

To her friends, classmates and boardmates, for their care, concern and

unforgettable memories to be cherished through time.

JERELYN E. AGAD
Researcher

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

APPROVAL OF THESIS MANUSCRIPT………………………………….ii

ACCEPTANCE OF THESIS………………………………………………..iii

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA……………………………………………………..iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………v

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………....vii

LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………ix

LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………..x

LIST OF APPENDICES……………………………………………………..xi

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….xii

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………..1

Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………...2

Scope and Limitation of the Study…………………………….……………3

Significance of the Study……………………………………………………3

Operational Definition of Terms…………………………………………….5

Theoretical Framework………………………………………………………5

Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………...6

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE……………………………………………7

CCTV Camera as a Security Tool………………………………………….7

CCTV Camera as a Crime Deterrent………………………………………8

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METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………..12

Research Design……………………………………………………………12

Locale and Respondents of the Study……………………………………12

Sampling Procedure………………………………………………………..13

Research Instrument……………………………………………………….13

Data Gathering Procedure…………………………………………………14

Statistical Analysis……………………………………………………….…14

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………………………15

Business Profile of the Establishments…………………………………..15

Effectiveness of CCTV Camera as a Security Tool…………………….18

Effectiveness of CCTV Camera as a Crime Deterrent Tool……………20

Effectiveness of CCTV Camera in Crime Prevention……………..……23

Intervention Program……………………………………………………….26

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………………..27

LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………………32

APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………35

CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………………………..47

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Business profile of the establishments. Antipas, Cotabato.

17
2021

2a Effectiveness of CCTV camera as a security tool. 19

Antipas, Cotabato. 2021

2b Effectiveness of CCTV camera as a crime deterrent tool. 21

Antipas, Cotabato. 2021

3 Effectiveness of CCTV Camera in Crime Prevention. 24

Antipas, Cotabato. 2021

4 Proposed Intervention Program. Antipas, Cotabato. 2021 26

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure Title Page

1 Schematic Diagram of the study 6

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Title Page

A Application for Research Adviser

36

B Application for Research Title 37

C Estimated Budget for Research

39

D Application for Manuscript Defense

40

E Survey Questionnaire 41

F Letter to the Department Chairperson

44

G Letter to the Respondents

45

H Result of the Reliability Test

46

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ABSTRACT

AGAD, JERELYN E. 2021. PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF CCTV

SURVEILLANCE IN CRIME PREVENTION. BS CRIMINOLOGY
Undergraduate Thesis. College of Arts and Social Sciences, University
of Southern Mindanao Kabacan, Cotabato. 46pp

Adviser: ROVILINE R. PAL-IWEN, PhD

The study was conducted among 150 business owners who have
CCTV camera in their establishments in the Municipality of Antipas, Province
of Cotabato. The researcher used survey questionnaire and complete
enumeration was employed in the sampling of the respondents.
Data revealed that CCTV surveillance were effective as a security tool,
crime deterrent tool and in crime prevention as a whole. A crafted intervention
program is about the awareness on crimes against property seminar on CCTV
benefits and usage and workshop on CCTV camera.
Having a security system is therefore a requirement not only for large
businesses typically employing tight security but also for small businesses and
some residential area.

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Keywords: CCTV surveillance, crime prevention, perceived effectiveness

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INTRODUCTION

As country develop and technology become higher, social issues

additionally intensify. One exquisite difficulty offers with peace and order in

addition to the protection and safety of the people. Various research might

give an explanation for the instances of crimes; however, crimes are

everywhere. Anyone may be a victim of crime, which might create a worry to a

lot of people. As its responsibility, the authorities and commercial enterprise

zone have released diverse innovation on how to prevent crimes. One of this

innovation is the use of CCTV camera (Welsh, 2020).

The primary function of CCTV camera has been the preventing of

crimes and disorder thru deterrence. CCTV cameras have been popularly

used worldwide, and are very effective for authorities’ goal to reduce country’s

crime rate. It could be found in large buildings, enterprise corporation or areas

such as malls and parks. It is located in streets and highways for monitoring

and supervising traffics. The presence of cameras is thought to have a

deterrent effect on attainable offenders, as lengthy as they are aware that the

cameras are staring at their activities. Its effectiveness to offer beneficial facts

has been already attested by many groups and institutions.

The Municipality of Antipas, like other municipalities in the country,

leaps to progress by its growing number of facilities and business

establishments. It also embraced the installation of CCTV in schools, banks

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and stores to provide coverage. The residents, however, are not anymore

surprised for its presence because of its popularity, its functional use and

capability as a security tool. The Local Government Unit also installed CCTV

surveillance in some public areas like in the terminal and market. Police

officers in the Municipality of Antipas utilize it to prevent crime and catch

lawbreakers.

The research was conducted due to increase number of violations done

by the residents of Antipas. Also, this would determine how CCTV footages

help to resolve incidents.

Objectives of the Study

This study generally aimed to determine the effectiveness of CCTV

surveillance in crime prevention.

Specifically, it intended to:

1. describe the profile of establishments that have CCTV

camera in terms of:

1.1. nature of business

1.2. number of employees

1.3. time of opening and closing

1.4. presence of security guard

1.5. number of CCTV used

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1.6. location of the establishment.

2. assess the level of effectiveness of CCTV camera as

perceived by the business owners in terms of:

2.1. security tool

2.2. crime deterrent

3. assess the level of effectiveness of CCTV camera in crime

prevention; and

4. recommend an intervention program that will address the

issues/problems on the effectiveness of CCTV camera

among business owners in terms of security tool and crime

deterrent.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study focused on the effectiveness of CCTV surveillance in crime

prevention. The study covered a total of 150 respondents in the Municipality of

Antipas who have CCTV cameras.

Significance of the Study

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The research respondents were the business owners in the Municipality

of Antipas. The findings of the study are beneficial to the following groups of

people: local government unit officials, law enforcers, establishment owners,

constituents of the community and future researchers.

Local Government Unit (LGU) Officials. The LGU officials of the

Municipality of Antipas would benefit from the findings of the study for them to

determine the necessary actions in order to lessen the crime rate and to

secure peace and order in the community through installation of CCTV

surveillance in public areas.

Law Enforcers. This study will give them an idea on how to maximize

the importance of Close Circuit Television Camera and to be able to

strengthen the security that they provide.

Business Owners. This study will provide a better understanding on

how to manage and utilize the CCTV cameras as well as the proper

installation of the device and for them to easily coordinate with the law

enforcers so that detection of crime will be easier.

Constituents of the Community. The findings of this study would

assure people about community safety and will give customers a sense of

security and safety as they know they are protected. On the other hand, it

would help deter people of doing criminal acts because of the presence of

surveillance.

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Future Researchers. This study will provide them a necessary

information which would serve as a reference about above-mentioned topic.

Operational Definition of Terms

Business Owners. This refers to an individual who owns and operates

business with the aim of deriving profit from its successful operation.

Crime. This refers to an act that are punishable by the Philippine laws.

Camera. This refers to a device for recording visual images in the form of

video signal installed in an establishment in the Municipality of Antipas.

Surveillance. This refers to the continual supervision of an area or location,

person and group by closely watching or using video cameras in order

to gather information.

Law Enforcement. This refers to the member of Philippine National Police

assigned in Antipas who are responsible for catching law breakers.

Prevention. It refers to an act that stop something from happening or arising.

Theoretical Framework

The study is anchored on the Routine Activity Theory by Cohen and

Felson (1979), that there ought to be convergence in area and time of

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probable offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of successful guardians.

CCTV cameras stop the convergence of these three elements by imparting a

capable guardian all the time. And, CCTV cameras help the police to discover

offenders through recording pictures of offences taking place. These data play

essential function in arresting, sentencing and incarcerating of the criminals.

Routine Activity Theory (RAT) is a framework for this study to examine

that whether CCTV can be viewed as a capable guardian in crime prevention

and its impact on the fear of crime among citizens. Thus, criminals are caught

and cannot dedicate new crimes and the justice is served for the society

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study showing the effectiveness of

CCTV surveillance in crime prevention in the Municipality of Antipas, Province

of Cotabato.

Input Process Output

Data Gathering
Data on the
 Survey
effectiveness of Questionnaire
CCTV camera Data Analysis Proposed

among business  Frequency Intervention

counts
owners in terms of  Percentage Program
security tool and distributions
 Weighted
crime deterrent means

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Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, it tends to discuss the different related literatures of the

study that aims to answer the entire objectives.

CCTV Camera as a Security Tool

In many parts of America, Europe and Asia, CCTV surveillance proved

one of the pleasant ways of being a safety tool as the criminal instances

lowered proportionately as greater of the cameras came into existence. On

one front, CCTV does a tremendous job in prevention and reduction of the

criminal to do committed throughout the economy (Stedmon, 2010).

Ditton (2010) said that security is basically important across all walks of

lifestyle to make sure the universal security and possessions of all humans

are comprehensively protected. The presence of CCTV as built-in security

option can be also be essential in work ethic and effectivity of employees.

Studies revealed that, CCTV appears as one of the most effective ways

in security. People with plans to adopt criminal activities cannot move in

advance due to the fact they could seem at the tracking displays and face trial.

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Evidence deems circumstantial and correct while the CCTVs feature in

protection. Furthermore, crimes also can lessen because of the sensation of

protection of some humans that eradicates worry therefore CCTVs yield

greater outcomes which might be positive (Davies & Thasen, 2010).

Douglas et.al. (2020) concluded that CCTV camera are capable of

maintaining track of what’s taking place on the premises wherein they are

installed. By tracking the pastime of people and visitors in an establishments, it

create peace and thoughts approximately what is precisely going below the

roof.

CCTV Camera as a Crime Deterrent

CCTV camera can act as very successful deterrent to thieves and

burglars, simply making them think two times on the very least. The generation

at the back of safety system nowadays is exceptionally advanced, and it’s far

even feasible to hook the cameras as much as normal television or computer

to observe the footage (Farrington, Bennett & Welsh, 2007).

Gill et.al. (2006) believed that video surveillance within the place of

business protects each corporation and its personnel. Installing video

surveillance system outside and inside the place of work to file crook who

vandalize or commit crimes. While video surveillance protects personnel

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circuitously through tracking every site visitors who come into the

establishments, and maintains a video document of suspicious activity.

Today, it is widely accepted that policing is all about gathering and

using information. In order to provide social control and to maintain order,

police departments in developed countries started to benefit from surveillance

technology in 1990s (Stedmon, 2010).

Murphy (2020) found that Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras in

public areas are actually a global fixture. It may be visible at the streets, train

stations, bus stations, restaurants, malls, and condo buildings. They have

established as extraordinary useful innovation in deterring criminals and

monitoring down perpetrators.

Moreover, a good-quality recording whole incidents spread in detail,

supplying statistics approximately the series of events, the techniques used

and the access and go out routes taken by the offender. Even if this is not

possible, CCTV can be beneficial in corroborating or refuting different proof of

what happened, inclusive of the witness testimony. Recordings can also offer

data that investigators can use to contextualize different evidence (Ashby &

Bowers, 2012).

Further research described that CCTV might also additionally help in

identifying who became concerned in a criminal offense both directly, as when

a suspect is diagnosed by a person viewing the recording, or indirectly, such

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as when the recording indicates a suspect touching a floor from which police

are the capable of getting better forensic evidence.(La Vigne et al. 2011).

Cook et.al. (2016) concluded that Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)

cameras were typically used to be able to lower crimes including theft, crimes

towards employees and belongings and terrorism. Specifically, on September

11, 2015 terrorist assaults have compelled governments to put money into

surveillance generation to be able to guard residents towards dreadful assault.

In order to prevent future comparable attacks, law enforcement

agencies have begun to drastically use surveillance systems, in particular

CCTV camera that monitor human activities at airports, seaports, borders, and

crowded town streets. The largest and the maximum apparent advantage of

putting in protection cameras turned to deter crime. Once they may be

positioned, it will capable of seeing the impact on human almost immediately.

Even they are positioned discreet, it could begin feeling a sense of security

(Merrick & Duggan, 2013).

The presence of CCTV Surveillance monitor the scenarios and

activities in public places. Also, having cameras installed in strategic places

comes in handy in monitoring actions of people during an event (Henderson,

2006).

A living proof is the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013. Using CCTV

footages in distinct positions in downtown in Boston, the Federal Bureau of

Investigation turned into capable awareness to its research at the Dzhokhar

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and Tamerlan Tsarnaev brothers because of the feasible perpetrators of the

heinous crime. The FDI’s launched of the CCTV footages and the

corroborating photos on its websites brought about the Tsarnaev brothers

identity and eventual capture (Lim, 2014).

The use of CCTV as a device to save incident in public locations

maintains to expand, specifically among nearby governments. Indeed, its

popularity and use isn’t only restrained entirely to stopping crimes but also in

solving it. CCTV has been carried out for a number of functions that consists

of the use as an access to control measure, as a way to lessen worry of

crimes and enhance perceptions of community safety, to doubtlessly hit up

crime and to be an evidentiary device (Armitage, 2002).

Collectively, they support the idea that CCTV camera as a form of

surveillance helped in crime prevention and disorder through deterrence and it

helps in identifying the perpetrators in order to provide safety and security to

the people.

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METHODOLOGY

This study includes research design, locale of the study, respondents

sampling procedure, research instrument, data gathering procedure and

statistical analysis.

Research Design

The researcher used descriptive-evaluative type of research design to

assess the effectiveness of CCTV surveillance in crime prevention. According

to Arifin (2019), evaluative research is a research that has an aim to provide

information for decision maker related to its effectiveness. For instance are the

proposed intervention program that will address the issue/problem.

Locale and Respondents of the Study

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This was conducted among business owners in the Municipality of

Antipas, Province of Cotabato. The respondents of the study were the 150

business owners who have CCTV camera in their establishments.

Sampling Procedure

Complete enumeration were employed in the sampling of the

respondents.

Research Instrument

The researcher used a survey questionnaire in determining the

effectiveness of CCTV surveillance in crime prevention in the Municipality of

Antipas.

The first part is the business profile which includes the nature of

business, number of employees, business hour, presence of security guard

and location of the establishment.

The second part is about the effectiveness of CCTV camera among

business owners as a security tool.

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The third part is the effectiveness of CCTV camera as a tool in crime

deterrent. Below is the scale use in answering the questionnaire.

Level Descriptive Equivalent

4 Highly Effective

3 Effective

2 Ineffective

1 Highly Ineffective
Data Gathering Procedure

The letter of permission to conduct the study was submitted and

approved by the Chairperson of Department of Criminal Justice Education.

After which, the researcher conducted reliability test of the survey instruments

to the respondents. Then, the researcher implemented the necessary changes

in the survey instruments based on the turn-out of the reliability test.

Afterwards, the researcher reproduced copies of the survey instrument

incorporating the result of the reliability test. The researcher distributed copies

to the respondents and data collected were tallied, computed, analyzed and

interpreted according to the objectives with the help of the statistician and her

adviser.

Statistical Analysis

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Data gathered from the respondents were analyzed and interpreted

using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentage distributions

and weighted means with corresponding verbal descriptions.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of the study were presented in four parts: first, the business

profile of the establishments; second, level of effectiveness of CCTV camera

as a security tool and as a crime deterrent tool; third, effectiveness of CCTV

camera in crime prevention; and proposed intervention program.

Business Profile of the Establishments

Table 1 shows the business profile of the establishments such as

nature of business, number of employees, time of opening and closing,

presence of security guard, number of CCTV used, and location of the

establishment.

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Data revealed that out of 150 respondents, 16.67% of the nature of

business belong to restaurants, while 6.0% were banks. Also, majority of the

nature of business are stores (60.0%) and 17.33 % are computer shops. In

addition, 42.7% of the business establishments had one to five number of

employees; 16.7% had six to ten number of employees; and 40.7% had more

than 11 employees.

On the other hand, 53.3% of them had business hours of 7:00am to

4:00pm; 9.3% had 8:00 am to 5:00pm, 10% had 9:00am to 6:00 pm; and 23%

had 10:00am to 7:00 pm. In addition, 16.7% of the business establishments

did not have security guard; 17.3% had one security guard; 40.7% had two or

more security guards. And, for the number of CCTV used, 34% used only one

CCTV and majority uses more than two CCTV (64%).

Data further revealed that out of 150 respondents majority of the nature

of business that uses more than two or more CCTV are banks and stores

(66%). On the other hand, they had also more than two presence of security

guard since this kind of business establishments are vulnerable to crimes

against property and they need strong detection and security.

Furthermore, majority of the location of the establishments were in the

municipal central/población (93.3%) while 6.7% were at the municipal

extension/barangay.

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Table 1. Business profile of the establishments that have CCTV camera in

Antipas, Cotabato.2021

PROFILE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

(n=150)

Nature of Business
Restaurant 30 16.67
Bank 9 6.0
Stores 90 60.0
Computer Shop 26 17.33

Number of Employees
1-5 64 42.7
6-10 25 16.7
11 or more 61 40.7

Time of Opening and Closing

7:0 am- 4:00pm 80 53.3
8:00 am- 5:00pm 14 9.3
9:00 am-6:00pm 15 10.0
10:00am-7:00pm 41 27.3

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Presence of Security Guard

None 25 16.7
Less (1) 26 17.3
Many (2 or more) 99 66.0

Number of CCTV Used

Less (1) 51 34.0
Many (2 or more) 99 66.0

Location of the Establishment

Municipal Central/Poblacion 140 93.3
Municipal Extension (Barangay) 10 6.7

Effectiveness of CCTV Camera as a Security Tool

Table 2a shows the effectiveness of CCTV camera as a security tool.

CCTV camera as a security tool has an overall mean of 3.248 described as

effective. It implies that the CCTV camera as a security tool in business

establishments were effective. It is also highly effective with a highest mean in

providing safer working environment (3.34); likewise, monitor customer

transactions (3.33); and keeping remote monitoring (3.30). The lowest mean

was 3.17 in keeping records as well as increases detection (3.10).

According to Association of Chief of Police Officers (2011), the

presence of surveillance services assures the people that the surveyed areas

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are deemed more secure than the areas under no surveillance hence more

people access the protected areas compared to the areas with no CCTV.

Customers entering the shop who know they are being filmed are

significantly less likely to steal and they are afraid of being caught on cameras.

Hence, CCTV surveillance cameras makes all lives safer since it can spot

incidents as they happen.

Undoubtedly, CCTV cameras positioned throughout a business help to

record the suspicious activities and allow business establishments, employees

and customers to be safe and secured.

Table 2a.Effectiveness of CCTV camera as a security tool. 2021

SECURITY TOOL WEIGHTED MEAN QUALITATIVE

DESCRIPTION

1. Provide Safer Working 3.34 Highly Effective

Environment- CCTV helps
to ensure adherence to safety
policies and can be invaluable
in staff training.

2. Increases Detection- 3.10 Effective

The prosecution rates for
business using CCTV is many
times higher than that for those
without CCTV.

3. Keeps Remote Monitoring- 3.30 Highly Effective

CCTV cameras keep an eye
on your business when you aren’t
there.

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4. Keep Records- CCTV cameras 3.17 Effective

keep records of when your staff are
coming into and checking out of your
site, as well as when deliveries are
made or visitors enter the building.

5. Monitor Customer Transactions- 3.33 Highly Effective

If a customer claims to have
purchased an expensive item but
does not have the receipt, or that
employee was rude or provided
misinformation, video surveillance
records can be used to determine
whether they were in the store on
that day, and what, in fact, took place.

Overall Mean 3.248 Effective

LEGEND:
1.00-1.75 Highly Ineffective 2.52-3.25 Effective
1.76-2.50 Ineffective 3.26-4.0 Highly Effective
Effectiveness of CCTV Camera as a Crime Deterrent Tool

Table 2b shows the effectiveness of CCTV camera as a crime deterrent

tool. CCTV camera as a crime deterrent tool has an overall mean of (3.156)

described effective. It was highly effective in reducing theft cases with a mean

of (3.27). The lowest mean was (3.07) fool-proof coverage described as

effective.

CCTV is successful in reducing and preventing crimes and is helpful in

prosecuting individuals caught in the act of committing a crime. Porters (2016)

has described CCTV as vital for detecting offenders.

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Gill et.al. (2006) believed that video surveillance within the place of

business protects each corporation and its personnel. Installing video

surveillance system outside and inside the place of work to file crook who

vandalize or commit crimes. While video surveillance protects personnel

circuitously through tracking every site visitors who come into the

establishments, and maintains a video document of suspicious activity

Cook et.al. (2016) concluded that Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)

cameras were typically used to be able to lower crimes including theft, crimes

towards employees and belongings and terrorism. It is also assumed that

CCTV can deter potential offenders from criminal activity and help with the

detection, investigation and prosecution of offenders. Further, it can also

increase people’s perceptions of crime detection.

Table 2b.Effectiveness of CCTV camera as a tool in crime deterrent. 2021

CRIME DETERRENT WEIGHTED MEAN QUALITATIVE

DESCRIPTION

1. Reduces Theft Cases- 3.27 Highly Effective

Shop lifters deliberately
target businesses with
poor security and will think
twice if there is an increased
risk they may be caught on
camera.

2. Helps Settle Disputes- The 3.10 Effective

cameras are effective in placing
blame. It means that in the event
of a serious mistakes or theft, it
may appear that the employees
need to be reprimanded or

21
 22

pointed in the right direction.

3. Increases Deterrent- CCTV 3.17 Effective

systems are great deterrent to
potential thieves.

4. Fool-proof Coverage- CCTV 3.07 Effective

cameras keep an eye on the
vulnerable areas and to potential
thieves.

5. Monitor Customer 3.17 Effective

Transactions- If a customer claims
to have purchased an expensive
item but does not have the receipt,
or that employee was rude or
provided misinformation, video
surveillance records can be used
to determine whether they were
in the store on that day, and what,
in fact, took place.

Overall Mean 3.156 Effective

LEGEND:
1.00-1.75 Highly Ineffective 2.52-3.25 Effective
1.76-2.50 Ineffective 3.26-4.0 Highly Effective

22
 23

Effectiveness of CCTV Camera in Crime Prevention

Table 3 shows the effectiveness of CCTV camera in crime prevention.

The overall mean of 3.202 described as effective. On the other hand, four

statements were described as highly effective which are about providing safer

environment (3.34); monitoring customers transactions (3.33); keeping remote

monitoring (3.30); and reducing theft cases (3.27). The lowest mean was

(3.07) fool-proof coverage described as effective. It implies that CCTV

surveillance were effective in crime prevention.

23
 24

With the rise of crime rates in the country today, CCTV camera had

become an important aspect in crime prevention. According to Jewwit (2018),

CCTV camera does a great job in crime prevention and reduction of the

criminal activities throughout the economy. It is also a great help to authorities

in investigating the commission of crime.

Overall, it appears that CCTV surveillance were effective in crime

prevention and it can be used in recording evidence against crime. Thus, if

CCTV cameras have recorded any crime, it may be an indicator that CCTV is

effective in deterring crimes.

Table 3.Effectiveness of CCTV camera in crime prevention. 2021

STATEMENT WEIGHTED MEAN QUALITATIVE

DESCRIPTION

1. Provide Safer Working 3.34 Highly Effective

Environment- CCTV helps
to ensure adherence to safety
policies and can be invaluable
in staff training.

2. Increases Detection- 3.10 Effective

The prosecution rates for
business using CCTV is many
times higher than that for those
without CCTV.

24
 25

3. Keeps Remote Monitoring- 3.30 Highly Effective

CCTV cameras keep an eye
on your business when you aren’t
there.

4. Keep Records- CCTV cameras 3.17 Effective

keep records of when your staff
are coming into and checking out
of your site, as well as when
deliveries are made or visitors enter
the building.

5. Monitor Customer Transactions- 3.33 Highly Effective

If a customer claims to have
purchased an expensive item but
does not have the receipt, or that
employee was rude or provided
misinformation, video surveillance
records can be used to determine
whether they were in the store on
that day, and what, in fact, took
place.

6. Reduces Theft Cases- 3.27 Highly Effective

Shop lifters deliberately target
businesses with poor security
and will think twice if there is an
increased risk they may be caught
on camera.

7. Helps Settle Disputes- The 3.10 Effective

cameras are effective in placing

blame. It means that in the event
of a serious mistakes or theft, it
may appear that the employees
need to be reprimanded or
pointed in the right direction.

8. Increases Deterrent- CCTV 3.17 Effective

systems are great deterrent to
potential thieves.

9. Fool-proof Coverage- CCTV 3.07 Effective

25
 26

cameras keep an eye on the

vulnerable areas and to potential
thieves.

10. Monitor Customer 3.17 Effective

Transactions- If a customer claims
to have purchased an expensive
item but does not have the receipt,
or that employee was rude or
provided misinformation, video
surveillance records can be used
to determine whether they were
in the store on that day, and what,
in fact, took place.

Overall Mean 3.202 Effective

LEGEND:
1.00-1.75 Highly Ineffective 2.52-3.25 Effective
1.76-2.50 Ineffective 3.26-4.0 Highly Effective

Intervention Program that will Address the Issues or Problems in the

Effectiveness of CCTV Camera among Business Owners

Table 4 shows the intervention program that will address the issues or

problems in the effectiveness of CCTV camera among business owners. It is

composed of three sessions; the first session is the awareness on crimes

against property; the second is seminar on CCTV camera benefits and usage;

and the workshop on CCTV camera which will start from 8:00am to 4:00pm.

This should be conducted on the day of Thursday, since it is near to the end of

the week and participants are not so busy on this schedule. The main

26
 27

objective is to strengthen the security detection through the use of CCTV

camera. The venue will be at the Antipas municipal gymnasium. The

registration fee is free and the lectures are from the Antipas PNP with the

partnership of USM-DCJE.

Table 4. Intervention program that will address the issues or problems in the
effectiveness of CCTV Camera among business owners.2021

INTERVENTION Partner/ Beneficiaries Schedule Venue

PROGRAM Stakeholder (Thursday)
( 3 sessions)
1. Awarenes PNP Antipas Antipas 8:00am- Antipas
s on and USM Business 4:00pm Municipal
crimes DCJE owners Gymnasium
against
property
2. Seminar PNP Antipas Antipas 8:00am- Antipas
on CCTV and USM Business 4:00pm Municipal
Camera DCJE owners Gymnasium
Benefits
and Usage
3. Workshop PNP Antipas Antipas 8:00am- Antipas
on CCTV and USM Business 4:00pm Municipal
Camera DCJE owners Gymnasium
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This study entitled “Perceived Effectiveness of CCTV Surveillance in

Crime Prevention in the Municipality of Antipas” was conducted to determine

the effectiveness of CCTV surveillance in crime prevention. Specifically, it

intends to: describe the profile of establishments that have CCTV camera in

terms of nature of business, number of employees, time of opening and

closing, presence of security guard, number of CCTV used and location of the

27
 28

establishment: assess the level of effectiveness of CCTV camera as perceived

by the business owners in terms of security tool and crime deterrent; assess

the level of effectiveness of CCTV camera in crime prevention; and

recommend an intervention program that will address the issues/problems on

the effectiveness of CCTV camera among business owners in terms of

security tool and crime deterrent.

The study conducted among 150 business owners who has CCTV

cameras in Antipas, Cotabato. Complete enumeration was employed in the

sampling of the respondents. Data were gathered by the use of survey

questionnaire and analyzed using weighted means, frequency counts and

percentage distributions.

Summary

The results of the study are summarized as follows:

1. Profile of the establishments shows that majority of the

nature of business in Antipas, Cotabato were stores that had one

to five employees, used more than two CCTV cameras, had more

than two security guards, and mostly were located in municipal

central or poblacion.

28
 29

2. The effectiveness of CCTV camera as a security tool as

perceived by business owners were highly effective in providing

safer working environment; keeping remote monitoring; and

monitoring customer transactions. The overall mean of 3.248

described as effective in the effectiveness of CCTV camera as a

security tool. In addition, the effectiveness of CCTV camera as a

crime deterrent tool were highly effective in providing safer

working environment; monitoring costumer transactions; keeping

remote monitoring; and reducing theft cases with a mean of 3.27.

The overall mean of 3.156 was described as effective on the

effectiveness of CCTV camera as a crime deterrent tool.

3. Overall, the effectiveness of CCTV camera in crime

prevention is effective with a mean of 3.202.

4. The study crafted an intervention program that will address

the issues/problems on the effectives of CCTV camera among

business owners in terms of security tool and crime deterrent.

Conclusion

Based on the result of the study, the researcher concluded

that:

29
 30

1. Stores had a presence of more than two CCTV

camera and security guard since they are vulnerable to crimes

against property and they need strong detection.

2. CCTV camera provides safer working environment,

keeps remote monitoring, monitors customer’s transactions,

reduces theft cases and were both effective as a security tool

and as a crime deterrent tool.

3. CCTV surveillance were effective in crime prevention.

4. A crafted intervention program is about the awareness

on crimes against property; seminar on CCTV benefits and

usage; and workshop on CCTV camera.

Recommendations

Based on the results and findings of the study, the researcher

recommends the following:

1. Having a security system is therefore a requirement

not only for large businesses typically employing tight security

but also for small businesses and some residential area.

30
 31

2.The owner of various business establishments of

Antipas, Cotabato should continue the use of CCTV surveillance

and encourage other establishments to have CCTV installation.

3. Business owners should attend the proposed

intervention program in order to address the issues/problems on

the effectiveness of CCTV camera in giving fool proof coverage

and helping in settling disputes.

3. The Local Government of the Municipality of Antipas

should pass an ordinance on the mandatory usage of CCTV

surveillance in business establishments. Hence, it must be one

of the requirements in getting business permits and even in

renewal every year.

4. The Local Government of Antipas, should install CCTV

cameras on public areas to ensure the safety and security of all

Antipaseño.

5. Similar studies may be conducted using different

variables in the effectiveness of CCTV surveillance in crime

prevention.

31
 32

LITERATURE CITED

Alex W. Stedmon (2011). Surveillance and Society: Creative Commons and

aoristic crime. Crime Science, 2(1). Retrieved on November 6, 2020.

Armitage, R. (2012). How effective CCTV: A review of current research into

the effectiveness of CCTV footages as evidence in court. Retrieved on
November 6, 2020.

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 33

Ashby, M.P.J., & K.J. Bowers. (2012). A comparison of methods for temporal
analysis. Retrieved on November 6, 2020.

Cook, T., Hibbitt, S., & M. Hill. (2016). Blackstone’s Crime Investigators’ Hand
book, 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved on
November 6, 2020.

Davies, G.; & S. Thasen. (2010). Closed-circuit television: How effective an

identification aid. British Journal of Psychology, 91, 411 – 426.
Retrieved on November 6, 20220.

Ditton, J. (2010). Crime and the city: Public attitudes towards open-street in
Glasgow. British Journal of Criminology, 40, 692 – 709. Retrieved on
November 6, 20220.

Farrington, D.P.; Bennett, T.H.; & B.C. Welsh. (2007). The Cambridge
Evaluation of the Effects of CCTV on Crime. www.google.com.
Retrieved on November 6, 2020.

Gill, M.; Spriggs, A.; Little, R.; & K. Collins. (2006). How beneficial CCTV
Camera: Journal of Security Education, 2, (1), 11 – 17. Retrieved on
November 6, 2020.

Henderson, R. (2006). CCTV Awareness Opinion meter Survey 2006. South

Lanarkshire Community Safety Partnership. Retrieved on November 6,
2020.

Honovich, J. (2008). Effectiveness of CCTV Camera in Public Places.

https//www.public-cctv/effective.prevention.crimes.Retrieved. November
on 6, 2020.

La Vigne, N.G., Lowry, S.S., Dwyer, A.M., & J.A. Markman. (2011). Using
Public Surveillance Systems for Crime Control and Prevention: A
practical guide for law enforcement and government and their municipal
partner. Washington: DC: The Urban Institute. Retrieved on November
6, 2020.

Lim, H. & Wilcox, P. (2017). Crime Reduction Effects of Open Street CCTV:
Conditionality Considerations. Justice Quarterly, 34(4): 597-626.
Retrieved on August 1, 2021.

Merrick, J., & E. Duggan. (2013). Watch out- CCTV Camera in deterring crime.
www.google.com. Retrieved on November 6, 2020.

Miller, T., Toliver, J., & Police Executive Research Forum (PERF). (2014).
Implementing a body-worn camera program: Recommendations and

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 34

lessons learned. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice,

Community Oriented Policing. Retrieved on August 1, 2021.

Nowacki, J. & Willits, D. (2016). Adaptation of body cameras by United States

police agencies: an organizational analysis. Policing and Society, DOI.
Retrieved on August 10,2021.

Philips, C. (2019). A review of CCTV evaluations: Crime reduction effects and

attitudes towards use. Crime prevention Studies, 10, 123-155.
Retrieved on August 5, 2021.

Piza, E. (2016). The crime prevention effect of CCTV in public places: A

propensity score analysis. Journal of Crime and Justice, DOI. Retrieved
on August 10, 2021.

Priks, M. (2015). The Effects of Surveillance Cameras on Crime: Evidence

from the Stockholm Subway. The Economic Journal, 12: F289-F305.
Retrieved on August 10, 2021.

Sherman, l. (2018). Policing Evidence-Based Policing Ideas in American

Policing Evidence-Based Policing. Retrieved on August 10,2021.

Stephen, D. & B. C. Welsh (2020). There has to be a better way: Place

managers for crime prevention in a surveillance society, International
Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice in Washington
D.C. www.google.com. Retrieved on November 6, 2020.

Thomas, K. (2013). Experimental tests of criminological theory. Experimental

criminology: Prospects for advancing science and public policy: 15-42.
New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on August 1,
2021.

Thomas, Murphy. (2010). The admissibility of CCTV footages in Court. Law

Book of International Review Law. Proceedings. International Review of
Law, Computers & Technology Issue 3. www.google.com. Retrieved
on November 6, 2020.

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 35

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 36

APPENDICES

Appendix A. Application of Research Adviser

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
APPLICATION FOR RESEARCH ADVISER
Date: ______________________

ROVILINE R. PAL-IWEN, PhD

36
 37

Faculty, Department of Development Communication

College of Arts and Social Sciences
USM, Kabacan, Cotabato

Madam:

I would like to request that you will be my research adviser effective 1 st semester of
SY 2020-2021. I intend to work on my study entitled ”PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF
CCTV SURVEILLANCE IN CRIME PREVENTION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ANTIPAS.”

I am hoping for your most favorable approval on this request.

Thank you very much.

Very truly yours,

JERELYN E. AGAD
Printed Name and Signature of
Student

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL NOTED

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD VICENTE T. DELOS REYES, PhD

Department Research Coordinator Department Chairperson

_______________ _______________
Date Date
APPROVED

ROVILINE R. PAL-IWEN, PhD

Adviser
____________________
Date
Appendix B. Application for Research Title

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

USM-EDR-F01-Rev.3.2020.02.24
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
APPLICATION FOR RESEARCH TITLE
Date: __________________

37
 38

VICENTE T. DELOS REYES, PhD

Chairperson, Department of Criminal Justice Education
CASS, USM, Kabacan, Cotabato

Sir:
I would like to request your office to allow me to research on the study entitled
”PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF CCTV SURVEILLANCE IN CRIME PREVENTION IN
THE MUNICIPALITY OF ANTIPAS.’’
The study has the following objectives:
1. to describe the profile of establishments that have CCTV camera in
terms of:
1.1 nature of business
1.2 number of employees
1.3 time of opening and closing
1.4 presence of security guard
1.5 number of CCTV used
1.6 location of the establishment
2. to assess the level of effectiveness of CCTV camera as perceived by the
business owners in terms of:
2.1 security tool
2.2 crime deterrent
3. to assess the level of effectiveness of CCTV camera in crime prevention;
and
4. to recommend an intervention program that will address the
issues/problems on the effectiveness of CCTV camera among business
owners in terms of security tool and crime deterrent.
Very truly yours,

JERELYN E. AGAD
Printed Name and Signature of
Student

NOTED

ROVILINE R. PAL-IWEN, PhD ________________

Adviser Date

RICAHARD T. CAMARA, PhD ________________

Department Research Coordinator Date

38
 39

ROWELL P. NITAFAN, MPA ________________

College Research Coordinator Date
REMARKS:
_________________________
APPROVED

VICENTE T. DELOS REYES, PhD ________________

Department Chairperson Date

Appendix C. Estimated Budget of the Research

USM-EDR-F02-Rev.3.2020.02.24
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
ESTIMATED BUDGET OF THE RESEARCH

39
 40

Title of Study
”Perceived Effectiveness of CCTV Surveillance in Crime Prevention in the
Municipality of Antipas.’’

ITEMS/DESCRIPTION ESTIMATED COST

MAINTENANCE AND OPERATING EXPENSES (MOE)
1. Manuscript Defense Fee PHP 920.00
2. Travel PHP 500.00
3. Statistician PHP 750.00
4. Hardbound PHP 2,000.00
5. Internet Fee PHP 500.00

Grand Total PHP 4,670.00

Prepared and submitted by:

JERELYN E. AGAD
Printed Name and Signature of the Student

NOTED

ROVILINE R. PAL-IWEN, PhD ___________________________

Adviser Date

RICAHARD T. CAMARA, PhD ___________________________

Department Research Coordinator Date

VICENTE T. DELOS REYES, PhD ___________________________

Department Chairperson Date

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
USM-EDR-F06-Rev.3.2020.02.24

Appendix D. Application for Manuscript

APPLICATION Defense
FOR MANUSCRIPT DEFENSE
Name JERELYN ENCARNACION AGAD
Degree/Major BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

40
 41

Thesis Title PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF CCTV SURVEILLANCE IN CRIME

PREVENTION IN THE MUNICIPLAITY OF ANTIPAS
Date of Examination SEPTEMBER 15,2021
Time 8:00 AM
Place USM-KABACAN

MEMBERS OF THE EXAMINING COMMITTEE

Name Signature Date

VICENTE T. DELOS REYES, PhD __________________ __________

JESON P. DONQUE, MA __________________ __________

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:

ROVILINE R. PAL-IWEN, PhD _______________________________

Adviser Co-Adviser (Optional)
APPROVED:

ASHLEY COLEEN S. ORTIZ, LPT RICAHRD T. CAMARA, PhD

College Statistician Department Research Coordinator

VICENTE T. DELOS REYES, PhD

Department Chairperson

REPORT ON THE RESULT OF EXAMINATION

Name Signature Remarks
VICENTE T. DELOS REYES, PhD __________________ __________
JESON P. DONQUE, MA __________________ __________

APPROVED:

ROWELL P. NITAFAN, MPA

Department Research Coordinator

_____________________
Date
Appendix E. Survey Questionnaire
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
USM-EDR-F08-Rev.3.2020.02.24 Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF CCTV SURVEILLANCE IN CRIME
PREVENTION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ANTIPAS

41
 42

Part I. BUSINESS PROFILE

Direction:
This is the study on the Effectiveness of CCTV Surveillance in Crime
Prevention in the Municipality of Antipas. Because you are one of the business
owners or business owners’ representatives here in the Municipality of
Antipas, you are chosen to participate as a research respondent in this
research study in which your responses are very important in gathering the
data. Your completion of the survey constitutes your consent to participate.
Thank you very much for your participation.
Please answer the following items about the profile of your business by
checking your responses.

1. Nature of Business () Restaurant () Bank

() Stores () Computer Shop

2. Number of Employees () 1-5 () 6-10 () 11 or more

3. Time of Opening and Closing () 7:0 am- 4:00pm () 8:00 am-

5:00pm () 9:00 am-6:00pm () 10:00am-
7:00pm

4. Presence of Security Guard () None () Less (1)

()Many (2 or more)

5. Number of CCTV Used () Less (1) () Many (2 or more)

6. Business Strategic Location () Municipal Central/Poblacion

() Municipal Extension (Barangay)

Direction:
Rate the following statements that indicates the effectiveness of CCTV
camera among business owners as a security tool.
Instruction:
Check the number that corresponds to your answer.
4- Highly Effective 3- Effective
2- Ineffective 1- Highly Ineffective

42
 43

PART II. CCTV CAMERA AS A SECURITY TOOL

4 3 2 1
SECURITY TOOL

1. Provide Safer Working Environment- CCTV helps

to ensure adherence to safety policies and can be
invaluable in staff training.
2. Increases Detection- The prosecution rates for
business using CCTV is many times higher than that
for those without CCTV.
3. Keeps Remote Monitoring- CCTV cameras keep
an eye on your business when you aren’t there.
4. Keep Records- CCTV cameras keep records of
when your staff are coming into and checking out of
your site, as well as when deliveries are made or
visitors enter the building.
5. Reduces Employee Related Incidents- CCTV
cameras help to prevent sexual harassment, theft
and workplace violence among your employees
because they are aware of the 24hr monitoring.

PART III. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CCTV CAMERA AS A TOOL IN CRIME

DETERRENT.
4 3 2 1
CRIME DETERRENT

1. Reduces Theft Cases- Shop lifters deliberately

target businesses with poor security and will think
twice if there is an increased risk they may be caught
on camera.
2. Helps Settle Disputes- The cameras are effective
in placing blame. It means that in the event of a
serious mistakes or theft, it may appear that the
employees need to be reprimanded or pointed in the
right direction.
3. Increases Deterrent- CCTV systems are great
deterrent to potential thieves
4. Fool-proof Coverage- CCTV cameras keep an eye
on the vulnerable areas and to potential thieves.
5. Monitor Customer Transactions- If a customer
claims to have purchased an expensive item but
does not have the receipt, or that employee was rude
or provided misinformation, video surveillance

43
 44

records can be used to determine whether they were

in the store on that day, and what, in fact, took place.

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

Appendix F. Letter to the Department Chairperson

LETTER TO THE DEPARTMENT CHAIRPERSON
Date:
_______________

44
 45

VICENTE T. DELOS REYES, PhD

Chairperson, Department of Criminal Justice Education
CASS, USM, Kabacan, Cotabato

Sir.

The undersigned is a Bachelor of Science in Criminology student of the

Department of Criminal Justice Education, College of Arts and Social
Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato. One of the
requirements for the completion of this degree is research study.

In this connection, she would like to seek your approval to allow her to conduct
the research entitled “PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF CCTV
SURVEILLANCE IN CRIME PREVENTION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF
ANTIPAS.’’

She is hoping for your kind and consideration on this matter.

Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,

JERELYN E. AGAD
Researcher
Noted by:

ROVILINE R. PAL-IWEN, PhD

Adviser

Attested by:

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD

Department Research Coordinator
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

Appendix G. Letter to the Respondents

LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS

Dear Respondents:

45
 46

The undersigned is a Bachelor of Science in Criminology students of

the Department of Criminal Justice Education, College of Arts and Social
Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato. One of the
requirements for the completion of this degree is a research study.

In this regard, she wishes to ask help from you and share a little time
to answer the attached questionnaire. Pease answer the items honestly and
completely as possible for her to attain the validity of the data.

Your approval will be a great hep for this study.

Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,

JERELYN E. AGAD
Researcher

Noted by:

ROVILINE R. PAL-IWEN, PhD

Adviser

Attested by:

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD

Department Research Coordinator

Appendix H. Reliability Result

Republic of the Philippines

University of Southern Mindanao
College of Arts and Social Sciences
DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
Kabacan, Cotabato
CURRICULUM VITAE

46
 47

Name :Jerelyn Encarnacion Agad

Date of Birth : February 6, 2000

Place of Birth : Malangag, Antipas, Cotabato

Status : Single

Parents

Father :Joel Pinantao

Mother : Jermelyn Agad

Sister : Lougean and Lou En

Educational Attainment

Elementary : B. Cadungon Elementary School

Junior High School : Malire National High School

Senior High School: Antipas National High School

Tertiary : University of Southern Mindanao-Kabacan

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Affiliation:
USM Criminology Society Member: 2018-2021

PGNCOS Member : 2018-2021

47