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1 The carbon in the body of all animals contains some radioactive carbon. At the time when any
animal dies, each gram of carbon in its body emits about 16 -particles per minute.

Some animal remains are discovered. It is found that 4 -particles are emitted per minute for
each gram of carbon in the remains.

The half-life of radioactive carbon is 6000 years.

How old are the remains of the animal?

A 1500 years B 3000 years C 6000 years D 12 000 years

[1]

[Total: 1]

2 What is correct for an electron?

electron charge position of electron in atom

A negative outside the nucleus

B negative part of the nucleus
C positive outside the nucleus
D positive part of the nucleus

[1]

[Total: 1]

3 Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen. It can be represented by .

Explain the meaning of the term isotope.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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4 Scientists use carbon-14 to estimate the age of wood that is very old.
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A very old sample of wood contains 1.0 × 10 carbon-14 atoms.
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When the sample was new, it contained 8.0 × 10 carbon-14 atoms.

The half-life of carbon-14 is 5700 years.

Estimate the age of the sample of wood.

age of wood = .............................................. years [3]

[Total: 3]

5 This notation represents the nucleus of a neutral atom of carbon-14.

(a) State the number of:

(i) protons in the nucleus of an atom of carbon-14

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) electrons orbiting the nucleus of an atom of carbon-14

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of carbon-14.

................................................................................................................................ [1]
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(b) Carbon-14 is an isotope of carbon. Carbon-12 is another isotope of carbon.

Compare the nucleus of carbon-14 with the nucleus of carbon-12. State the similarities and
differences.

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........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]