SELF-LEARNING

HOME TASK (SLHT)

Quarter 4 - 4
Community Engagement,
Solidarity
and Citizenship (CSC)

Methodologies and approaches of community

actions
Systematic methods in understanding
community
 SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject: Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship (CSC) Grade: 12

Level: Senior High School Quarter: Fourth Week: 4

MELC: Explain the methodologies, and approaches in community action

Apply systematic methods in understanding community

Competency Code: HUMSS_CSC12- IVa-d-17

HUMSS_CSC12- IVa-d-18

A. Readings/Discussions

First three approaches and methodologies of community actions and

involvements.

Requirements of effective partnership

1. Government must be open, receptive, sensitive, responsive and must internalize,

accept and institutionalize partnership at appropriate levels;

2. Local people, particularly the rural poor must develop skills in negotiation and claim
making to effectively engage the government in participatory local development
planning and partnership- building; and

3. NGOs must be open to collaboration with the government, share risks and be
creative.

Sources of conflicts in a partnership

1. Value disagreements.
2. Personality conflicts.
3. Communication misunderstandings.
4. Doubts about priority need for partnership.
5. Confusion over differing degrees of members’ autonomy.
6. Different power interests.

Conflict management in partnerships should focus on encouraging open

communication and ways of negotiating expressed differences to meet at least
some of the needs of all partners.

Disclaimer: Writer does not claim ownership over any of the words, questions and answers, images and
graphics used in this module. All rights belong to respective copyright owner.

1.
What is the purpose of forming partnerships?

To bring about more effective and efficient delivery of programs and eliminate any
unnecessary duplication of effort.
To pool resources.
To increase communication among groups and break down stereotypes.
To build networks and friendships.
To revitalize wilting energies of members of groups who are trying to do too much
alone.
To plan and launch community-wide initiatives on a variety of issues.
To develop and use political clout to gain services or other benefits for the community
To create long-term, permanent social change.
To obtain or provide services.
What are the types of partnership?
Community-based
Government-based
Faith-based

What are the different methods and approaches in building partnership in the
community?
Coordination
Cooperation
Collaboration
Partnership

1. Choose a person who is seen as being neutral to serve as a process observer. The
role of this observer can vary from keeping time, offering clarification or remarks, to
suggesting possible ways of managing or resolving the conflict. It is important, however,
that all partners agree upon the process observer’s role.

2. Select a specific conflict that is important to the partnership and the partners
concerned.

3. Have the conflicting partners state their positions without interruption.

4. Have each opposing partner paraphrase the other side’s explanations or point of
view. This effort to understand more clearly and fully each other’s position often results
in useful conflict management. However, more work may be needed.

5. Start an open dialogue for questioning, obtaining more information and further
explanation. This helps ensure that each side understands the other. As the dialogue
continues, it is necessary to move beyond explanations. This would require two
interacting skills - both parties should behave assertively and cooperatively.

6. Summarize the position of each party, emphasizing their major points of view. Provide
an opportunity to each party to correct misinformation or clarify points.
Disclaimer: Writer does not claim ownership over any of the words, questions and answers, images and
graphics used in this module. All rights belong to respective copyright owner.

2.
Uses/Strengths of Community Profiling

1. A profile is an effective way of gathering information about the diversity of a

community and the potential stakeholders that may otherwise not be recorded.

2. Profiles can highlight the gaps in our understanding of a community or different

stakeholders and therefore guide future research.

3. Profiles can encourage broader thinking about ‘who’ a community is and ‘who’ is
involved in a project and ‘how’.

4. Profiles can help determine who is likely to be influenced by change or affected by a

project.

5. Developing a profile can be used as a means to develop relationships in a

community/stakeholder group as the understanding is researched and developed
together.

6. The process of profiling can in itself raise awareness, interest and build the capacity
of members in the community.

7. Profiles are a means to gather community intelligence over time as projects develop
and therefore this info can be easily passed on.

Special Considerations/Weaknesses

1. Community profiling is in itself an engagement activity. People involved in profiling

need to be clear about why it is occurring and what will happen with the information that
is collected (i.e. privacy laws).

2. Communities are often complex and over time a rich and diverse picture may
develop. It is important to think about how such information will be collected, managed
and presented in order to prevent ‘information overload’.

3. Some of the most interesting questions to ask about a community can be the most
expensive/time intensive to research.

Purposes of Needs Assessment

1. To learn more about what your group or community needs are. A good survey can
supplement your own sharp-eyed observations and experiences. It can give you
detailed information from a larger and more representative group of people than you
could get from observation alone.

Disclaimer: Writer does not claim ownership over any of the words, questions and answers, images and
graphics used in this module. All rights belong to respective copyright owner.

3.
 2. To get a more honest and objective description of needs than people might tell you
publicly.

3. To become aware of possible needs that you never saw as particularly important or
that you never even knew existed.

4. To document your needs, as is required in many applications for funding, and as is

almost always helpful in advocating or lobbying for your cause.

5. To make sure any actions you eventually take or join in are in line with needs that
are expressed by the community.

6. To get more group and community support for the actions you will soon undertake.
That's because if people have stated a need for a particular course of action, they are
more likely to support it. And, for the same reason....

7. To get more people actually involved in the subsequent action itself.

Social action is about people coming together to help improve their lives and solve the
problems that are important in their communities. It involves people giving their time
and other resources for the common good, in a range of forms – from volunteering and
community-owned services to community organising or simple neighbourly acts (New
Economics Foundation, nd).

Types of Social Action (Max Weber):

Rational-purposeful Action

This action may be rationally expedient if it is based on logical or scientific grounds.

This action entails a complicated plurality of means and ends. The ends of action (for
example goals, values) are either taken as means to the fulfilment of other ends, or are
treated as if they are set in concrete. In this way action becomes purely instrumental.

Value-rational Action

Action is rational in relation to a specific value. This action occurs when individuals use
rational– that is effective means to achieve goals or ends that are defined in terms of
subjective meaning. According to Weber, when individuals are value rational, they
make commitments to certain subjective goals and adopt means that are effective in
attaining these ends.

Disclaimer: Writer does not claim ownership over any of the words, questions and answers, images and
graphics used in this module. All rights belong to respective copyright owner.
4.
 Affective Action

Affective action fuses means and ends together so that action becomes emotional and
impulsive. Such action is the antithesis of rationality because the actor concerned
cannot make calm, dispassionate assessment of the relationship between the ends of
action and the means that supposedly exist to serve these ends. Rather the means
themselves are emotionally fulfilling and become ends in themselves.

Traditional Action

Traditional action occurs when the ends and the means of action are fixed by custom
and tradition. For example, some so-called primitive societies have very strict rites of
succession for group leaders. What is important about traditional action is that the ends
of action are taken for granted and appear to be natural to the actors concerned
because they are unable to comprehend the possibility of alternative ends.

Evaluation means:

Building on what people already know and do

Using and developing people’s abilities and skills to monitor and evaluate their
own progress and that of the whole project
Checking whether activities are having an impact on project objectives
Revealing whether resources (all sorts) are being used effectively
Getting good information for making decisions about planning and direction
Seeing your own project in a wider context
Analyzing and using the information gathered to take action to improve services or
situations
Increasing a sense of collective responsibility

What are the steps in social action evaluation?

Step One: Framing the evaluation

All involved deciding exactly what the Aims of the project are. What is the
problem the project wants to solve?
Once these are agreed, you can decide what the objectives of the evaluation
are
When you have reached agreement on the evaluation objectives, it is time to
elect a small group to plan carefully and organize all the details of the evaluation

Disclaimer: Writer does not claim ownership over any of the words, questions and answers, images and
graphics used in this module. All rights belong to respective copyright owner.

5.
Step two: Designing the evaluation

With the evaluation group consider the indicators with which you can determine, show and
measure the effectiveness of your intervention. These have to be related to your objectives
Find suitable participatory methods to explore the indicators (bearing in mind skills and
resources available)
Create a written evaluation plan showing why, how, when and where evaluation will
take place and who will be involved

Step three: Doing the evaluation

Preparing and testing evaluation tools, training people in skills required, producing
appropriate information for people taking part
Using the prepared and tested methods to collect the information required
Project participants analyzing the information (evaluation steering group)
Results of analysis (findings) are prepared in written, oral or visual form
Project participants then need to decide exactly how the findings will be used and how
they can help improve the performance and effectiveness of the project and have wider
influence. (Source: Social Action Net (nd). Social Action Evaluation. Retrieved from:
socialactionnet.com on July 14, 2020.)

Exercise 1: MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE.

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the
underlined word to make it true.

1. Partnerships presents an overview of the community at certain period of time.

2. Community Profiling is a planning process conducted to determine and address

the needs of a group.

3. Value disagreements is one of the sources of conflicts in a partnership.

4. Affective action fuses means and ends together so that action becomes emotional and
impulsive.

5. Social Action is the process of getting a range of resources from a resource provider.

6. Community-based, government-based and private-based are the different types of

partnership.

Disclaimer: Writer does not claim ownership over any of the words, questions and answers, images and
graphics used in this module. All rights belong to respective copyright owner.

6.
7. Using the prepared and tested methods to collect the information required belongs to
the third step in doing the evaluation.

8. Planning means building on what people already know and do.

9. Framing the evaluation is the third step in the so called social action evaluation.

10. Results of analysis (findings) are prepared in written, oral or visual form

Exercise 2

Directions: Study and analyze this social action project that you probably watched in
television or read in the newspaper. Identify the name of project and their primary
objectives. Write your answer on your paper using the table below.

1.

In order to reduce the dropout rate among poor Filipino children in selected public
elementary school due to lack of school supplies (as cited by the Department of
Education), the GMA Kapuso Foundation initiated the Unang Hakbang Sa Kinabukasan
Project to help both the selected parents and students for the next school opening. Yearly
,the incoming Kindergarten and Grade 1 pupils from public school nationwide are
provided with one UHSK backpack containing a complete set of school materials that
includes 5 notebooks, 2 pads of papers,2 pencils, a sharpener, an eraser and a set of
crayons.

Disclaimer: Writer does not claim ownership over any of the words, questions and answers, images and
graphics used in this module. All rights belong to respective copyright owner.

7.
 2.

3.

A sub-project of the Kapuso School Development, it restores schools previously

rehabilitated or constructed by GMA Kapuso Foundation through repainting and
minor repairs.

Disclaimer: Writer does not claim ownership over any of the words, questions and answers, images and
graphics used in this module. All rights belong to respective copyright owner.

8.
Exercise 2
Directions: Based from the approaches/methodologies of the given programs and
projects presented from the above illustrations, cite their specific project/s and primary
objectives.

C. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies

Directions: Take a focus in your own barangay or purok. Assess what approaches or
methodologies were taken to solve the problems/issues Fill out completely the table
below.

Disclaimer: Writer does not claim ownership over any of the words, questions and answers, images and
graphics used in this module. All rights belong to respective copyright owner.

9.
 D. Assessment/Application/Outputs
Directions:
With the use of the approaches/ methodologies, use the SWOT analysis to solve the
pressing problems encountered in your community or barangay. Write the inputs in the
SWOT matrix below. Refer the scoring rubrics after the matrix.

Scoring Rubrics:

Disclaimer: Writer does not claim ownership over any of the words, questions and answers, images and
graphics used in this module. All rights belong to respective copyright owner.

10.
References:
Robin Michael (2017). “Providing medical services for relocated informal settlers”
Retrieved from: rappler.com on July 4, 2020.
American Psychological Association Services, Inc (2012). “Establishing and Building
Partnerships at the State and Local Level” Retrieved from:
https://www.apaservices.org on July 4, 2020
Data, Chandan (nd). “Training Module on Partnership Building” Retrieved from:
fao.org on July 4, 2020.
The Philippine Environmental Governance Project (nd). EcoGov Success Stories.
Retrieved from: http://faspselib.denr.gov.ph on July 4, 2020.
W.K. Kellogg Foundation (nd). How to Partner with Local Community Organizations.
Retrieved from: http://www.grassrootsgrantmakers.org on July 4, 2020.
Bellers, Roger & Nick Hall (nd). “Community Profiling”. Retrieved from:
www.communityplanning.net on July 11, 2020.
W.K. Kellogg Foundation (nd). How to Partner with Local Community Organizations.
Retrieved from: http://www.grassrootsgrantmakers.org on July 4, 2020.
Bellers, Roger & Nick Hall (nd). “Community Profiling”. Retrieved from:
www.communityplanning.net on July 11, 2020.
Department of Health and Human Services (nd). “Community Profiling”. Retrieved
from: https://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au on July 11, 2020.
Child Welfare Information Gateway (nd). “Community Needs Assessment.” Retrieved
from: https://www.childwelfare.gov on July 11, 2020.
Taylor, Tracy (nd). “Community Needs Assessment.” Retrieved from:
https://www.learningtogive.org on July 11, 2020.
Community Toolbox (nd). “Conducting Needs Assessment Survey.” Retrieved from:
ctb.ku.edu on July 11, 2020.

GUIDE

For the Teacher: You may give other exercises/reinforcement activities other than the
ones provided for in this SLHT.

For the Learners: Please read carefully the key points/readings and follow correctly
directions in accomplishing exercises/tasks.

For the Parents/Home Tutors: Kindly guide the learner/s in accomplishing this home
task. Should you need assistance, you may contact the subject teacher to address
questions or give clarifications/discussions.

Prepared by: Edited by:

ESPEDITA V. MIRAMONTES IMELDA V. CANOY

SHS Editor
Reviewed by:

CLAVEL D. SALINAS
Division SHS Coordinator

11.