Skor A+ Physics KSSM-Electronic 2021

Skor
Physics
A+++
Chapter:
Electronic Our greatest weakness lies in giving up.

The most certain way to succeed is
always to try just one more time
-Thomas A. Edison
5
5.1 Electron
5.2 Semiconductor
Diode
DREAM BIG
5.3 Transistor
AIM HIGH
NEVER GIVE UP
Amazing Physics with
: Alinaimanarif
Tcer
Analysis of Trial Question
SUBTOPIC STRUCTURE
*ESSAY
YEAR STATE (Quest No.
ELECTRON SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES TRANSISTOR (KSSM format)
/marks)
MRSM √ √ 8 (12)
SBP √ 10 C
PAHANG √ 7 (10)
2015
KELANTAN √ √ 12 B
T'GANU - - - - -
JOHOR √ 3 (6)
MRSM √ 2 (5)
SBP LOGIC GATE
PAHANG √ 8 (12)
2016
KELANTAN √ 4 (7)
T'GANU √ √ 12 B
JOHOR LOGIC GATE
MRSM √ (+LOGIC GATE) 12 B
SBP √ 6 (8)
PAHANG √ 4 (7)
2017
KELANTAN √ 3 (6)
T'GANU √ 7 (10)
JOHOR √ (+LOGIC GATE) 7 (10)
MRSM √ 4 (7)
SBP √ 4 (7)
PAHANG √ √√ √ 8 (12) 10 C
2018
KELANTAN √ 4 (7)
T'GANU LOGIC GATE
JOHOR √ 4 (7)
MRSM √ 10 C
SBP √ 6 (8)
PAHANG √ (+LOGIC GATE) 12 B
2019
KELANTAN √ 1 (4)
T'GANU √ 7 (10)
JOHOR √ 6 (8)
MRSM √ (+LOGIC GATE) 12 B
SBP LOGIC GATE
PAHANG LOGIC GATE
2020
KELANTAN √ 6 (8)
T'GANU √ 7 (10)
JOHOR √ (+LOGIC GATE) 7 (10)
BIL YEAR SUBTOPIC MARKS (KSSM format)
1 2013 6
ELECTRON
SPM
2 2016 7
3 2015 SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES 4
Question 4
5
5
2012
2015
2017
TRANSISTOR
7
20 (B)
20 (B)
Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

2
Dictionary:
TERMS DEFINITION / MEANING
Thermionic emission The process of emission of electrons from the surface of a heated metal
Cathode ray The stream of electrons which moves from cathode to anode at high speed across
a vacuum
Semiconductor A material which can conduct electricity better than insulator, but not as well as
conductor
Doping A process of adding a certain amount of specific impurities called dopants to a
semiconductor to increase its conductivity
n-type Semiconductor obtained when pentavalent atoms which are doped into the intrinsic
semiconductor semiconductor contribute extra electrons. Free electrons become the majority
charge carrier and the holes become the minority carrier
p-type Semiconductor obtained when trivalent atoms which are doped into the intrinsic
semiconductor semiconductor contribute extra holes. Free electrons become the minority charge carrier
and the holes become the majority charge carrier
p-n junction Formed when pieces of n-type and p-type semiconductors are fused together
semiconductor diode An electronic device made from a p-n junction that allows current to flow in one direction
only but blocks it in the opposite direction
Forward bias The connection in which the p-type (anode) of the diode is connected to the positive
terminal of a battery and the n-type (cathode) is connected to the negative terminal of
the battery
Reverse bias The connection in which the p-type (anode) of the diode is connected to the negative
terminal of a battery and the n-type (cathode) is connected to the positive terminal of the
battery
Rectifier An electrical device that converts alternating current to direct current
Half-wave A process where only half of every cycle of an alternating current is made to flow in
rectification one direction only.
Full-wave A process where both halves of every cycle of an alternating current is made to flow
rectification in the same direction
Transistor An electronic device which has three terminals labelled base, collector and emitter,
made by coalescing (fusing) the n-type and p-type semiconductors

3
idea & concept
NO. CHARACTERISTIC EXPALANATION
1 Doping of semiconductor A process of adding a certain amount of specific impurities to
semiconductor to increase their conductivity
2 n-type semiconductor Is produced by replacing some of the silicon atoms in silicon with
pentavalent atoms such as Phosphorus, Arsenic or Antimony
(to create extra free electrons)
3 p-type semiconductor Is produced by replacing some of the silicon atoms in silicon with
trivalent atoms such as Boron, Aluminum or Gallium
(to create extra free holes)
4 Rectification A process to convert an alternating current (ac) into a direct current (dc) by
using diode
5 Capacitor smoothing The discharge current from a capacitor helps to maintain a steady output
voltage across a resistor by supplying current at all time.
The capacitor used for smoothing purpose only works with alternating
current (ac)
6 Diode Allows the current to flow easily in only one direction
7 Alternating current Current flows in two directions consecutively
8 Forward bias • When a p-type semiconductor is connected to the positive terminal
and a n-type semiconductor is connected to the negative terminal of
a cell
• electrons from the n-type are pulled across the p-n junction,
• this will cause the current to flow
9 Reverse bias • When a n-type material is connected to the positive terminal and a
p-type material is connected to the negative terminal of a cell
• electrons from the n-type are pulled toward the positive terminal of
cell
• the junction becomes wider and the current stop to flow
10 Function of transistor (i) As a currents amplifier
(ii) As an automatic switch
(eg. an automatic light controlled switch or an automatic heat
controlled switch)
Refer smart
NOTES ELECTRONIC

4
SPM FORMAT 2021
SUBJECT PHYSICS: 4531
ITEM PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPER 3
(4531/1) (4531/2) (4531/3)
TYPE OF Written Test Experiment Test
INSTRUMENT
NO. OF 40 SECTION A: 1 PRACTICAL tasks
QUESTION structure: 8
(45699999)
clue:
(answer ALL questions) • aim
(60 marks) • experiment and variable
• tabulate data
SECTION B: • plotting graph
• relationship
2 questions
• gradient (relate with the
(choose 1)
equation given)
(20 marks)
• precaution
• WHY & HOW (explanation)
SECTION C:
1 question
(20 marks)
TOTAL MARKS 40 100 15

DURATION 1 Hour 15 Minutes 2 Hours 30 Minutes 45 Minutes
CONSTRUCT
Recall Recall Recall
Understand Understand Understand
Apply Apply Apply
Analyse Analyse Scientific Process Skills
Evaluate Manipulation Process Skills
Invent by applying
1
Skill 1 – Understanding
SEDIA
LEARNING SKILL
Skill 2 – Calculation
Skill 3 – Comparison AWAL
IN PHYSICS Skill 4 – Modification
Skill 5 – Making Decisions
TUMPUAN
ULANGKAJI
5
Section A
[60 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
1. Diagram 1.1 shows a cross section of a Maltese cross tube used to study the characteristics
of a cathode ray.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas sebuah tiub palang Maltese yang digunakan untuk mengkaji
sifat-sifat sinar katod.
Diagram 1.1 / Rajah 1.1
(a) What is the meaning of the cathode ray?.

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan sinar katod?
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) Diagram 1.2 shows a shadow and a green light region seen on the screen when switch
S1 and S2 are turned on.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan satu bayang dan kawasan cahaya hijau dilihat di atas skrin apabila suis
S1 dan S2 dihidupkan.

6
Give a reason why:
Beri satu sebab mengapa:
(i) the shadow is formed on the screen.

bayang terbentuk di atas skrin.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) the green light region is formed on the screen.

kawasan cahaya hijau terbentuk di atas skrin.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(c) Two magnets with opposite poles are then placed at the sides of the tube causing the
shadow being deflected.
Dua batang magnet dengan kutub berlawanan kemudiannya diletakkan pada sisi tiub tersebut
menyebabkan bayang itu terpesong.
Tick (√ ) the correct answer in the box provided.

Tandakan (√ ) pada jawapan yang betul dalam kotak yang disediakan.
The direction of the defllected shadow can be determined by using,

Arah pesongan bayang itu boleh ditentukan dengan menggunakan,
Fleming’s right hand rule

Peraturan tangan kanan Fleming
Fleming’s left hand rule

Peraturan tangan kiri Fleming
[1 mark/1 markah]
TOTAL 4 MARKS / 4 MARKAH

7
2. Diagram 2.1 shows a deflection tube used to study the characteristics of cathode ray.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebuah tiub pemesongan yang digunakan untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat sinar katod.
(a) What is the meaning of the cathode ray?.

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan sinar katod?
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) State one reason why the EHT is used.

Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa VLT digunakan.
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark/1 markah]
(c) (i) A set of magnet is placed across the deflection tube as in Diagram 2.2.
Satu set magnet diletakkan merentasi tiub pemesongan seperti dalam Rajah 2.2.
In Diagram 2.2, mark ‘X’ the position of the cathode ray when it hits the
fluorescent screen.
Pada Rajah 2.2, tandakan ‘X’ kedudukan sinar katod apabila ia menghentam skrin
berpendaflor.

8
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) State the energy change of the cathode ray as it moves from anode to hitting the
fluorescent screen.
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga sinar katod apabila ia bergerak dari anod sehingga ia
menghentam skrin berpendaflor.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(iii) What will happen to the position of the cathode ray when stronger magnets are
used?
Apakah yang terjadi kepada posisi sinar katod apabila magnet lebih kuat digunakan?
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]

9
3. Diagram 3 shows a circuit with transistor that acts as an automatic switch.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu litar bertransistor yang bertindak sebagai suis automatik.
Diagram 3 / Rajah 3
The bulb is automatically lit when the P in the dark .

Mentol dinyalakan secara automatik apabila P dalam keadaan gelap.
(a) State the type of transistor used in the circuit.

Nyatakan jenis transistor yang digunakan dalam litar ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) What happens to the resistance of P when it is in the dark?

Apakah yang berlaku pada rintangan bagi P apabila ia berada dalam keadaan gelap?
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark/1 markah]
(c) Explain how the bulb is lit in the dark.

Terangkan bagaimana mentol itu dinyalakan dalam keadaan gelap.
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[2 marks/2 markah]
(d) When the resistance of the P is 50 kΩ, calculate the potential difference across the P.
Apabila rintangan P adalah 50 kΩ, hitung beza keupayaan yang merentasi P.
[2 marks/2 markah]

10
4. Diagram 4.1 shows four diodes connected to an alternating current supply. The output terminal
X and Y across the resistor R are connected to a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). The time
base of the CRO is set at 0.01s/division. Diagram 4.2 shows the trace obtained on the screen
of the CRO.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan 4 diod disambung kepada bekalan kuasa arus ulang alik. Terminal-terminal
output X dan Y merentasi perintang R disambung kepada sebuah osiloskop sinar katod (OSK). Dasar
masa OSK itu dilaras kepada 0.01s/bahagian. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan surihan yang diperolehi pada
skrin OSK itu.
Diagram 4.1 / Rajah 4.1 Diagram 4.2 / Rajah 4.2
(a) What is the function of a diode?

Apakah fungsi sebuah diod?
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) Based on Diagram 4.2:

Berdasarkan Rajah 4.2:
(i) determine the period of the alternating power supply

tentukan tempoh bagi bekalan arus ulang alik itu
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) calculate the frequency of the alternating current supply

hitung frekuensi bagi bekalan arus ulang alik itu
[2 marks/2 markah]

11
(c) During the first half cycle, the current from P to Q follow the path
P → A → B → X → Y → C → D → Q.
Write down the path of the current during the second half cycle from Q to P
Semasa separuh kitar pertama, arus dari P ke Q mengikuti lintasan

P → A → B → X → Y → C → D → Q.
Tuliskan lintasan bagi arus semasa separuh kitar yang kedua dari Q ke P.
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark/1 markah]
(d) On Diagram 4.3 sketch the trace that will be obtained on the screen of the CRO when
all the diodes in the circuit are reversed.
Pada Rajah 4.3, lakarkan surihan yang diperoleh pada skrin OSK itu apabila kesemua diod pada
litar itu disongsangkan.

[1 mark/1 markah]
(e) (i) Name the device that has to be connected to the circuit to smoothen the output
voltage.
Namakan peranti yang perlu dipasangkan pada litar untuk meratakan voltan output.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) Explain how the device stated in 4(e)(i) can smoothen the output voltage.
Terangkan bagaimana peranti yang dinyatakan di 4 (e) (i) dapat meratakan voltan output.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[2 marks/2 markah]

12
5. Diagram 5 shows a transistor circuit.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu litar transistor
Diagram 5 / Rajah 5
(a) What is the function of the circuit?

Apakah fungsi bagi litar itu?
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) (i) What will happen to the resistance of LDR when the surrounding is dark?
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada rintangan PPC apabila keadaan sekeliling menjadi
gelap?
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) Based on your answer in 5(b)(i), explain how bulb L is lighted up?
Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam 5(b)(i), terangkan bagaimana lampu L menyala?
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[3 marks/3 markah]

13
(c) The transistor is switched on when Vp reaches 2.0 V. The resistance of the LDR at this
voltage is 10 kΩ.
Transistor dihidupkan apabila Vp mencapai 2.0 V. Rintangan PPC pada ketika ini adalah 10 kΩ.
Calculate the maximum resistance of resistor S.

Kirakan rintangan maksimum perintang S.
[2 marks/2 markah]
(d) (i) Why bulb L is connected at the secondary circuit?

Mengapa lampu L disambung pada litar sekunder?
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) State the function of the relay switch as shown on the Diagram 5.
Nyatakan fungsi suis geganti seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 5.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]

14
6. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show a cross section of a Maltese cross tube.
The cathode ray is produced when electrons emitted from a heated cathode. The shadow and
a green light region on the screen is deflected when the power supply of EHT is turned on.
Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan keratan rentas tiub palang Maltese.
Sinar katod dihasilkan apabila elektron terpancar dari katod yang dipanaskan. Bayang dan kawasan
cahaya hijau di atas skrin dipesongkan apabila bekalan kuasa VLT dihidupkan.
(a) (i) Name the process of emitting electron from the heated cathode.
Namakan proses pemancaran elektron daripada katod yang dipanaskan.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]

15
(ii) State one reason why EHT is used.
Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa VLT digunakan.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) Based on Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2, compare;

Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2, bandingkan;
(i) the magnitude of the potential difference of EHT.

magnitud bagi beza keupayaan pada VLT.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) the angle of deflection of the shadow and the green light region.
sudut pesongan bagi bayang dan kawasan cahaya hijau.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[[1 mark/1 markah]
(iii) the direction of the deflection of the shadow and a green light region.
arah pesongan bayang dan kawasan cahaya hijau.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(c) Based on the answers in 6(b), state the relationship between the magnitude of potential
difference of EHT with the angle of deflection of the shadow and the green light region.
Berdasarkan jawapan di 6(b), nyatakan hubungan antara magnitud bagi beza keupayaan pada
VLT dengan sudut pesongan bagi bayang dan kawasan cahaya hijau.
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark/1 markah]
(d) Diagram 6.3 shows two magnets with opposite poles are placed at the sides of the
tube in Diagram 6.1.
Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan dua magnet dengan kutub berlawanan diletakkan pada sisi tiub dalam
Rajah 6.1.

16
(i) On Diagram 6.3, draw an arrow to show the direction of the deflected shadow
observed on the screen.
Pada Rajah 6.3, lukis anak panah untuk menunjukkan arah pesongan bayang yang
diperhatikan di atas skrin.
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) State the physics rule used to determine the direction of the shadow.
Nyatakan petua fizik yang digunakan untuk menentukan arah pesongan bayang.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(iii) State the transformation of energy occur as shown on the Diagram 6.3.
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga berlaku seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 6.3.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]

17
7. (a) Table 7 shows four electrical circuits, Q, R and S with different specifications used to
convert alternating current (a.c.) to direct current (d.c.).
Jadual 7 menunjukkan empat litar elektrik Q, R dan S dengan spesifikasi yang berbeza digunakan
untuk menukar arus ulang alik (a.u.) kepada arus terus (a.t.).
Circuit Q
Litar Q
Circuit R
Litar R
Circuit S
Litar S
Table 7 / Jadual 7
Based on Table 7, you are required to determine the most suitable characteristics of
circuit to produce a steady d.c. output. Give one reason for the suitable characteristics.
Berdasarkan Jadual 7, anda dikehendaki untuk menentukan ciri-ciri litar yang paling sesuai
untuk menghasilkan uotput a.t. yang mantap. Berikan satu sebab untuk kesesuaian ciri itu.
(i) Number of diodes used:

Bilangan diod yang digunakan:
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
Reason:
Sebab:
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]

18
(ii) Arrangement of the diodes:
Susunan diod-diod itu:
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
Reason:
Sebab:
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(iii) Additional device to produce a steady d.c. output:

Peralatan tambahan untuk menghasilkan output a.t. yang mantap:
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
Reason:
Sebab:
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) Based on the answer 7(a)(i), (ii) and (iii), determine the most suitable circuit used to
Berdasarkan jawapan di 7(a)(i), (ii) dan (iii), tentukan litar yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk
menukar arus ulang alik (a.u.) kepada arus terus (a.t.).
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark/1 markah]
(c) Diagram 7 shows two ultrasonic sound wave pulses detected and displayed on the CRO
screen during the process of sea depth measurement.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan dua denyutan gelombang bunyi ultrasonik yang dikesan dan dipaparkan
pada skrin OSK semasa proses pengukuran kedalaman dasar laut.
Diagram 7 / Rajah 7

19
Speed of ultrasonic waves in seawater is 1500 ms-1 and the time-base of CRO is adjust
to 10 ms/unit.
Laju gelombang ultrasonik dalam air laut ialah 1500 ms-1 dan skala dasar-masa OSK dilaraskan
kepada 10 ms/unit.
Calculate the depth of the sea.

Hitung kedalaman laut.
[2 marks/2 markah]

20
8. Diagram 8 shows a transistor circuit as switch controlled by lights.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu litar yang dikawal oleh cahaya.
Diagram 8 / Rajah 8
(a) Name the component J.

Namakan komponen J.
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) On Diagram 8, draw an appropriate component in box K.

Pada Rajah 8, lukiskan satu komponen yang sesuai dalam kotak K.
[1 mark/1 markah]
(c) The transistor circuit in Diagram 8 is incomplete caused the component in the box K will
damage. State,
Litar transistor dalam Rajah 8 adalah tidak lengkap menyebabkan komponen dalam kotak K
akan rosak. Nyatakan,
(i) an extra component need to attach to the circuit and give a reason.
satu komponen tambahan yang perlu dipasang pada litar itu dan beri satu sebab.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[2 marks/2 markah]
(ii) the position of the extra component.

kedudukan komponen tambahan itu.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]

21
(c) When the transistor circuit in Diagram 8 is used as an automatic switch to light a bulb
240 V a.c. at night, it’s found that the bulb does not light up. State the modifications need
to be done and give reasons:
Apabila litar bertransistor dalam Rajah 8 digunakan sebagai suis automatik untuk menyalakan
mentol 240 V a.u. pada waktu malam, didapati mentol itu tidak menyala. Nyatakan
pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan dan berikan sebab-sebab:
(i) The position of component J and R.

Kedudukan komponen-komponen J dan R.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
Reason:
Sebab:
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) The bulb 240 V a.c. used.

Mentol 240 V a.u. yang digunakan.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
Reason:
Sebab:
………………………………………………………………………………………..........
[1 mark/1 markah]
“DON’T WATCH THE CLOCK;

DO WHAT IT DOES.
KEEP GOING.”
SAM LEVENSON

22
Section B
[20 marks]
Answer any one questions from this section.
9. Diagram 9.1 shows a diode semiconductor produced by joining a p-type semiconductor and
n-type semiconductor.
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan satu semikonduktor diod yang dihasilkan dengan mencantumkan
semikonduktor jenis- p dan semikonduktor jenis-n.
(a) What is the meaning of p-type semiconductor?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan semikonduktor jenis-p?
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) Explain how p-type semiconductor is produced.

Terangkan bagaimana semikonduktor jenis-p dihasilkan.
[4 marks/4 markah]
(c) Table 9 shows four electrical circuits, P, Q, R and S with different specifications used to
You are required to determine the most suitable circuit to produce a steady d.c output.
Jadual 9 menunjukkan empat litar elektrik P, Q, R dan S dengan spesifikasi yang berbeza
digunakan untuk menukar arus ulang alik (a.u.) kepada arus terus (a.t.).
Anda dikehendaki untuk menentukan litar yang paling sesuai untuk menghasilkan output a.t yang
mantap.
Circuit P
Litar P
Circuit Q
Litar Q
Circuit R
Litar R

23
Circuit S
Litar S
Table 9 / Jadual 9
Study the specifications of the circuits based on the following aspects:

Kaji spesifikasi kempat-empat litar tersebut berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
(i) Number of diodes used.

Bilangan diod yang digunakan.
(ii) Arrangement of the diodes .

Susunan diod-diod itu.
(iii) Pattern of the output wave.

Bentuk gelombang output.
(iv) Additional device to produce a steady d.c output.

Peralatan tambahan untuk menghasikan output a.t yang mantap.
Explain the suitability of each aspect and then determine the most suitable circuit.
Give reason for your choice.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap aspek dan tentukan litar yang paling sesuai.
Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda.
[10 marks/10 markah]

24
(d) Diagram 9.2 shows a wave form obtained from an a.c. power supply connected to
Y-input of a cathode ray oscilloscope, C.R.O. The time base and the Y- gain of the C.R.O
are set at 0.1 s / division and 1.5 V / division respectively.
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan satu bentuk gelombang yang didapati dari bekalan kuasa a.u yang
disambungkan ke input Y sebuah osiloskop sinar katod, O.S.K. Dasar masa dan gandaan-Y
O.S.K itu masing-masing di tetapkan pada 0.1s / bahagian dan 1.5 V/ bahagian.
Calculate:
Hitung:
(i) The maximum voltage of the power supply.
Voltan maksimum bekalan kuasa itu.
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) The period,T of the current.

Tempoh,T bagi arus itu.
[2 marks/2 markah]
(iii) The frequency of the current.

frekuensi bagi arus itu.
[2 marks/2 markah]

25
10. As a research engineer in a factory, you are asked to investigate the characteristics of several
substances in order to produce semiconductors with better conductivity.
(a) What is meant by a semiconductor?
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 10.1 shows silicon atoms, each with four valence electrons in its outermost shell.
Diagram 10.1
By using Diagram 10.1, explain how an n-type semiconductor is produced.

[4 marks]
(c) Diagram 10.2 shows a transistor circuit. Resistor M is a variable resistor and resistor N is a
fixed resistor. Bulb T will light up when the potential difference across N is at least 1 V.
Diagram 10.2
If the potential difference between Y and Z is 1 V, calculate;

(i) The potential difference between X and Z?
[1 mark]
(ii) The potential difference between X and Y?

[1 mark]

26
(iii) The maximum resistance, M that enables the bulb T is light up.
[3 marks]
(d) Diagram 10.3 shows four electronic circuits W, X, Y and Z with different specifications. You
are required to determine the most suitable electronic circuit to light up three street lights 95
V, 65 W automatically with normal brightness when it is dark.
Study the specifications of all of the four circuits based on the following aspects:
• The position of the light dependent resistor (LDR).
• The connection of the batteries.
• The arrangement of the street lights circuit.
• The use of a relay switch in the circuit.
• Determine the most suitable circuit diagram to be chosen and give one reason for your
choice.
[10 marks]
Circuit Circuit diagrams

27
S
T
Diagram 10.3
TOTAL 20 MARKS

28
Section C
[20 marks]
Answer all questions from this section
11. A semiconductor diode is an electronic device made by joining pieces of p-type and n- type
semiconductors. n-type and p-type semiconductors as shown on Diagram 11.1 and
Diagram 11.2 are produced through the doping process.
Diagram 11.1
Diagram 11.2
(a) What is the meaning of doping?

[1 mark]
(b) Using Diagram 11.1 and Diagram 11.2 compare the connection of diode to the dry
cell, the lighting of bulbs and the reading of ammeter. Relate the lighting of bulbs with
the connection of diode to the dry cell to make a deduction regarding the relation
between the current flowing in the circuits and the connection of diode to the dry cell.
[5 marks]

29
(c) Diagram 11.3 shows a box Y contains four identical electronics component for full
wave rectification.
Diagram 11.3
(i) On Diagram 11.3, draw the electronic components in the circles provided.
(ii) A capacitor is placed across the output to smooth the current. Draw the wave
form produced. Explain how a capacitor is used to smooth the current.
[4 marks ]
(d) Diagram 11.4 shows a circuit with a transistor that acts as an automatic switch. LED
will light up when it is dark.
Diagram 11.4
A technician wants three fans labelled 240 V, 100 W in a room to be automatically

switched on when the room is hot.
State and explain the modifications based on the following aspects:
• The electric component to replace light dependent resistor in the circuit
• The position of electric component.
• The use of relay switch in the circuit
• The arrangement of the three fans
• Electric component to protect the transistor
[10 marks]
TOTAL 20 MARKS

30

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Skor

Electronic Our greatest weakness lies in giving up.

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

TOTAL MARKS 40 100 15

Diagram 1.1 / Rajah 1.1

(a) What is the meaning of the cathode ray?.

Diagram 1.2 / Rajah 1.2

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

(i) the shadow is formed on the screen.

(ii) the green light region is formed on the screen.

Tick (√ ) the correct answer in the box provided.

The direction of the defllected shadow can be determined by using,

Fleming’s right hand rule

Fleming’s left hand rule

TOTAL 4 MARKS / 4 MARKAH

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1

(a) What is the meaning of the cathode ray?.

(b) State one reason why the EHT is used.

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

TOTAL 5 MARKS / 5 MARKAH

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

The bulb is automatically lit when the P in the dark .

(a) State the type of transistor used in the circuit.

(b) What happens to the resistance of P when it is in the dark?

(c) Explain how the bulb is lit in the dark.

TOTAL 6 MARKS / 6 MARKAH

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

Diagram 4.1 / Rajah 4.1 Diagram 4.2 / Rajah 4.2

(a) What is the function of a diode?

(b) Based on Diagram 4.2:

(i) determine the period of the alternating power supply

(ii) calculate the frequency of the alternating current supply

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

Semasa separuh kitar pertama, arus dari P ke Q mengikuti lintasan

Diagram 4.3 / Rajah 4.3

TOTAL 9 MARKS / 9 MARKAH

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

(a) What is the function of the circuit?

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

Calculate the maximum resistance of resistor S.

(d) (i) Why bulb L is connected at the secondary circuit?

TOTAL 9 MARKS / 9 MARKAH

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

Diagram 6.1 / Rajah 6.1

Diagram 6.2 / Rajah 6.2

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

(b) Based on Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2, compare;

(i) the magnitude of the potential difference of EHT.

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

TOTAL 9 MARKS / 9 MARKAH

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

(i) Number of diodes used:

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

(iii) Additional device to produce a steady d.c. output:

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

Calculate the depth of the sea.

TOTAL 9 MARKS / 9 MARKAH

Skor A+ Physics with Tcer Alinaimanarif

(a) Name the component J.

(b) On Diagram 8, draw an appropriate component in box K.