2022-2023

A D VA I TA G U R U K U L

Chemistry investigatory
project
Checking The Submitted bY:

Ions Present In N E E L PRAJAPATI

12-A

To o t h p a s t e Roll no: 13
 CON T E N T
1. Certificate
2. Aim
3. Acknowledgement
4. Objective
5. Introduction
6. Requirements
7. Theory
8. Tests for different sample
9. Conclusion
10. Precautions
11. Bibliography
 Aim
DETERMINATION OF THE
QUALITY OF
TOOTHPASTE BY
DETECTING THE IONS PRESENT I N
IT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I sincerely t hank our chemistry
teacher Ms KHUSBU JHA for her
guidance, encouragement and
support throughout the duration of
the project. Without her motivation
and help t h e successful completion
of this project would not have been
possible.
I w o u l d also e xt e n d m y g r a t i t u d e t o
the entire chemistry department of
A D VA I TA G U R U K U L s c h o o l f o r t h e i r
support.

Neel prajapati
XII-A
 OBJECTIVE
The goal o f t h e project is t o
determine the quality of the
toothpaste
by detecting th e ions present in
the toothpaste by qualitative
analysis.
 INTRODUCTION
There’s a w i d e va r i e t y o f t o o t h p a s t e s
and related products available today in
t h e m a r k e t f o r o r a l h y g i e n e . H o w e v e r,
for a common man, differentiation on
t h e basis o f q u a l i t y is really d i ff icul t
w i t h all t h e fancy advertisements and
offers. A t oot hpas te contains a mildly
a b r a s i v e s u b s t a n c e s u c h as c a l c i u m
carbonate and a det ergent or soap,
some sweetening agent other than
sugar and flavoring oils t o make i t
pleasant t o taste and smell. Some
toothpastes contain fluorides which
make the enamel surface of the tooth
more resistant to bacterial activity and
ac t a g a i n s t m i c r o o r g a n is m s as a
m e t a b o l i c p o i s o n . G e n e r a l l y, a n y
standard toothpaste contains calcium
carbonate, sodium monofluoro
phosphate, s o d i u m lauryl s ulphate, zinc
sulphate, alum, some flavoring oils are
also added. This pr oj ec t basically deals
w i t h the detection of various ions in
t o o t h p a s t e t h a t d e t e r m i n e i t s q u a l i t y,
and thus, a comparison between the
prominent toothpaste brands.

REQUIREMENTS

To o t h p a s t e ( s ) :
C o l g a t e , Close-UP.
Chemicals:
Hydrochloric acid, dilute Sulphuric acid,
concentrated Sulphuric acid, Barium
chloride, Ammonium chloride,
Ammonium hydroxide, Ammonium
carbonate, Acetic acid, Nitric acid,
Silver nitrate, Calcium chloride,
P o t a s s i um Ferrocyanide, H2S gas.
Equipments:
Test t u b e s , B e a k e r s , F l a s k s , f l a m e ,
spatula etc.

T H E O RY
In qualitative analysis, th e given
c o m p o u n d is a n a l y z e d f o r t h e r a d i c a l s ,
t h a t is, c a t i o n s a n d a n i o n s t h a t i t
contains. The c ommon procedure of
t e s t i n g o n u n k n o w n s a l t is t o m a k e i t s
solution and then test this solution for
the ions present in it. Then Preliminary
t e s t s s u c h a s colour, o d o u r, d r y h e a t i n g ,
flame tes t etc. are performed. These
tests are c o m m o n for all samples u n d e r
s a l t a n a l y s i s . F u r th e r, t h e r e a r e s e p a r a t e
procedures for detecting cations and
anions.
 I D E N T I F I C AT I O N O F A C I D R A D I C A L
(ANION)

After the preliminary tests are over with, to

identify the anion, three indicatory tests are
carried out. They can be divided in to three
categories each w i t h separate group reagent.
Therefore, anion may be identified by performing
the following tests in the order given. Dilute
H2SO4 t e s t C o n ce n tra te d H2SO4 t e s t
I n d e p e n d e n t G r o u p (SO4 2-, PO4 3-) A f t e r a n
anion is indicated, c o n f i rmat or y tests are carried
out, corresponding to the anion.

I D E N T I F I C AT I O N O F B A S I C R A D I C A L S
( C AT I O N )

To i d e n t i f y t h e c a t i o n s , w e h a v e b e e n u s i n g t h e
flame test (a preliminary test) for indication.
Wh i chever cation is indicated, i t is c o n f i r me d o n
the basis of corresponding tests.

TESTS FOR D I F F E R E N T
SAMPLES
Test o n C o l g a t e
 FLOURIDE ION

Fluoride is a naturally occurring element that prevents

tooth decay when ingested systemically or applied to teeth
topically. The fluoride ion comes from the element fluorine.
Fluorine, the 13th most abundant element in the earths
crust, is never encountered in its free state in nature.
Fluoride is a safe, effective way to protect your teeth from
advancing tooth decay, cavities, and acts as a whitener.
Fluoride treatments are offered after every dental cleaning.
 CON CLU SI ON
w e see t h a t C o l g a t e i s t h e b e s t o f a l l
t o o t h p a s t e s as i t c o n t a i n s a m a j o r i t y o f
the essential constituents (anions and
cations) of a toothpaste

IONS PRESENT: Ca2+. S032, Fe3

IONS PRESENT: CO32, Ca2, S042-, pQ43., Mg2

 PRECAUTIONS
1 . H a n d l e t h e c h e m i c a l s c a r e f u l l y.
2.Use t e s t t u b e h o l d e r t o h o l d t h e t e s t
tube.
3. Never add water to conc. acids
4.Never t ouc h any chemical w i t h hands
d i r e c t l y.
5. Use a d r o p p e r f o r c o n c e n t r a t e d Acids.
6. Don’t smell the vapours f r o m too
c l o s e.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. WIKIPEDIA
2. N C E RT C H E M I S T R Y
3. GOOGLE