kitabatu hurufi alhijaâ

Arabic Letters’ writing forms

4 WRITING FORMS

• Each letter has 4 forms of transcription :

• when you write the letter by itself
• when it comes in the beginning of a word
• when it comes in the middle of a word
• when it comes at the end of a word
WHEN THE LETTER IS BY ITSELF

• The forms we saw in the first lesson are when the letter is by itself
THE LETTER ALEPH (HAMZA)
‫أ‬
• Hamza sounds like the letter A
• Hamza is a consonant
• There is no equivalent consonant in English
THE FORMS OF HAMZA
‫أ‬
• By itself ‫ء‬
• On top of an Aleph ‫أ‬
• Underneath an Aleph ‫إ‬
• On top of a Waw ‫ؤ‬
• On top of a Yaa ‫ئ‬

َ‫ شيَء‬-َ‫ بَئَر‬- َ‫ إَنسانَ – بَؤَس‬- ٌَ‫أََم‬

THE FORMS OF ALEPH
‫ا‬
• Aleph is used to stretch the short A vowel to form a long AA
• The writing of Aleph is a straight line

• By itself or at the beginning of a word ‫ا‬

• In the middle or at the end of a word ‫ـا‬
• Some words ends with Aleph maqsura ‫ى‬

َ - ‫كتَابَ – َزَراف َة – عصَا‬

‫هدَى‬
 ٌ
THE FORMS OF LAAM

• Laam also includes a straight line not to be confused with Aleph

• By itself ‫ل‬
• At the beginning of a word ‫لـ‬
• At the middle ‫ـلـ‬
• At the end ‫ـل‬

ٌََ‫ بَلَب‬- َ‫لَعبة‬

 ٌ -‫ا‬
ALEPH VS LAAM

• Aleph doesn’t connect with the following letter, but Laam does

end middle beginning by itself

‫ـا‬ ‫ـا ـ‬ ‫اـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬

ٌ‫ـ‬ ‫ـلـ‬ ‫لـ‬ ٌ ٌ
• Sometimes the Aleph is curved this is the case when the letter Laam comes before it

َ‫ سَلَم‬- َ‫ل‬
 ‫ب‪-‬ت‪-‬ث‬
‫‪BAA, TAA, THAA‬‬

‫‪end‬‬ ‫‪middle‬‬ ‫‪beginning‬‬ ‫‪by itself‬‬

‫ـب‬ ‫ـبـ‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬

‫ـت‬ ‫ـتـ‬ ‫تـ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫ـث‬ ‫ـثـ‬ ‫ثـ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ث‬

‫بَسَتَانَ ‪ -‬بَيَتَ ‪ -‬ثَابَتَ‬

JEEM, HAA, KHAA
‫خ‬-‫ح‬-‫ج‬
end middle beginning by itself

‫ـج‬ ‫ـجـ‬ ‫جـ‬ ‫ج‬

‫ـح‬ ‫ـحـ‬ ‫حـ‬ ‫ح‬
‫ـخ‬ ‫ـخـ‬ ‫خـ‬ ‫خ‬

ٌَ‫ بَخَي‬- َ‫جَريح‬

THE LETTERS DAAL & DHAAL
‫ذ‬-‫د‬
• Like Aleph, Daal and don’t connect to the next letter

end middle beginning by itself

‫ـد‬ ‫ـد ـ‬ ‫دـ‬ ‫د‬

‫ـذ‬ ‫ـذ ـ‬ ‫ذـ‬ ‫ذ‬

ٌَ‫ ذَي‬- َ‫جَدَيد‬

RAA & ZEIY
‫ ز‬-‫ر‬
• Again Raa & Zeiy don’t connect with the following letter

end middle beginning by itself

‫ـر‬ ‫ـر ـ‬ ‫رـ‬ ‫ر‬

‫ـز‬ ‫ـز ـ‬ ‫زـ‬ ‫ز‬

َ‫ كبير‬- َ‫سامَ– زرَافة‬

‫رَ ا‬
SEEN & SHEEN
‫ ش‬-َ‫س‬
end middle beginning by itself

‫ـس‬ ‫ـسـ‬ ‫سـ‬ ‫س‬

‫ـش‬ ‫ـشـ‬ ‫شـ‬ ‫ش‬

ٌَ‫شََمَسَ– َمَشَع‬
SAAD & DAAD
‫ ض‬-َ‫ص‬
end middle beginning by itself

‫ـص‬ ‫ـصـ‬ ‫صـ‬ ‫ص‬

‫ـض‬ ‫ـضـ‬ ‫ضـ‬ ‫ض‬
Start from a point Make a loop by going up and to the right Then complete the loop

‫صَندوقَ – َمَصَعدَ– عَ ا‬
َ‫ض‬
 TAA & ZHAA
‫ ظ‬-َ‫ط‬
end middle beginning by itself

‫ـط‬ ‫ـطـ‬ ‫طـ‬ ‫ط‬

‫ـظ‬ ‫ـظـ‬ ‫ظـ‬ ‫ظ‬
Just like Saad you draw a loop, then lift your pen and draw the vertical line from top to bottom

َ‫ بَطَاقة‬-َ‫ظَرفَ – قَط‬
‘AIN AND GHAIN
‫ غ‬-َ‫ع‬
end middle beginning by itself

‫ـع‬ ‫ـعـ‬ ‫عـ‬ ‫ع‬

‫ـغ‬ ‫ـغـ‬ ‫غـ‬ ‫غ‬

‫ نَعَم‬-َ‫َرعَدَ – عَنبَ– بلَغ‬

FAA, QAAF, KAAF
‫ ك‬-َ‫فَ– ق‬
• when the letter is by itself or at the end, the Faa tail is long and the Qaaf tail is round
• Kaaf has a special squiggle instead of a dot
• This squiggle goes away when it’s in the middle or beginning of a sequence
• The squiggle is more likely to go away in handwriting, it’s not printed than wrote

َ
ِ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إ‬
‫ إلَيْك‬- ‫إلَيْك – إ ِ َليْك – ْك‬
ِ
‫‪FAA, QAAF, KAAF‬‬
‫فَ– قَ‪ -‬ك‬
‫‪end‬‬ ‫‪middle‬‬ ‫‪beginning‬‬ ‫‪by itself‬‬

‫ـف‬ ‫ـفـ‬ ‫فـ‬ ‫ف‬

‫ـق‬ ‫ـقـ‬ ‫قـ‬ ‫ق‬
‫ـك‬ ‫ـكـ‬ ‫كـ‬ ‫ك‬

‫فَرَقَةَ‪ -‬فَرَقَ– َمَ اَكةَ‪َ -‬مَلَ َ‬

‫ك‬
LAAM, MEEM & NOON
‫ ن‬-َ‫ م‬-ٌَ
end middle beginning by itself

ٌ‫ـ‬ ‫ـلـ‬ ‫لـ‬ ٌ

‫ـم‬ ‫ـَمـ‬ ‫َمـ‬ ‫م‬
‫ـن‬ ‫ـنـ‬ ‫نـ‬ ‫ن‬

َ‫ َمَعَلم‬-َ‫َملَكَ – نَملَةَ– نَحَن‬

THE LETTER HAA
‫ه‬-‫ه‬
end middle beginning by itself

‫ـه‬ ‫ـهـ‬ ‫هـ‬ ‫ه‬-‫ه‬

Start from the top and draw a curve like you’re drawing a Daal
When you’re about to finish go into a loop
The top of the loop should touch the point where the letter started

َ‫ َمنبَه‬- َ‫هَذَهَ– َمَهَر‬

TAA (MARBUTA) VS HAA
‫ ة‬-َ‫ه‬
• The letter Taa (‫ )ت‬is sometimes written like Haa )‫(ة‬
• It’s called Taa marbuta (closed Taa)
• This Taa can only be at the end of a word
• This Taa is also called feminine Taa it helps identifying feminine words

end middle beginning by itself

‫ـة‬ ‫ة‬
َ‫ بطاقَة‬-َ‫صلَة‬
TAA (MARBUTA) VS TAA (MABSUTA)
‫ ة‬-َ‫ت‬
• If Taa marbuta has a vowel on it, it will sound like Taa
If not, it will sound like Haa
• The open Taa will always sound as Taa
• In Arabic, when finishing a sentence, we typically drop the vowel on the last letter

َ‫ فتاة‬-َ‫فتات‬ َ‫ فتَاة‬-َ‫فتات‬
WAW, YAA
‫وَ– ي‬
• Like Aleph, Waw and Yaa are used both as consonnants and to stretch vowels
• Waw doesn’t connect to the following letter

end middle beginning by itself

‫ـو‬ ‫ـوـ‬ ‫وَـ‬ ‫و‬

‫ـي‬ ‫ـيـ‬ ‫يـ‬ ‫ي‬

َ‫ دلَو‬-َ‫ولَدَ– نبَيَ– عَيَن‬

WAW, YAA
‫وَ– ي‬
• Waw is used to stretch the short U vowel to form a long UU
• Yaa is used to stretch the short E vowel to form a long EE

ٌَ‫ سبَي‬-َ‫ طرَيق‬-َ‫عيَونَ– نَور‬

Thank You!