Short Answer Questions (3 marks)

'Each of the fo llowi11M questiv11s is of .> mm·l<s and lws tu be amwcred i11 about HO words .
Q. I . Wh y do dt•mocruti c govt'r11111cnts in s is t on political. institution s ?
Au s. ( 1) ( ,<1,c 1111111 ·111 11hi , 1, 0 11 p()liti<,d 111 -, 111ut1!J11 , '> (> 111 .1 1 ,,,1· 11.11< · "' l1 c 11 w , 1 ;1n l w d1 · v (· l<J p1 · d ;111d

, ,11 1m1 , . 1<ti,1111 ·, 11 11 tll<' l>1 ·11c · r1111 ·111 ,d 1,1111111 \. a nd 111111 · 11 " <:111 l w 1!11 , 11 ~ 11 1 , d an d 1;u 1w d
rn1 1 pr n p1 · 1 h .
( II ) l l w 111 ci 1111,11i11 g ;, -, IH '<I <:111 h e 1:1k <· 11 , :11 1· 1d I< >(> .
( 111) ,\ d1 · 111 <><1 :" \ work -, w dl w l1< ·11 1l1 c- -, t · p, , l111C,tl , 11 -.. 111t 1l 1( 111 i., 1w1 lo 111 1 h 11 11 t1 1Jll 'I ,l \', I K lw d tq

1lw111 .

Q. 2. What is th e rol e of Parliame n t in law making ?

An s . (i) J>a 1l1 ;1m<·111 i-.. tlw fr11 a l ,111tlHn11 y f(J 1 11 1,1k 111 g- l,n-., 111 d tl \ <<>u11t1\ .

( 11 J P;n li:u n c n 1-.. ,di \,'<>I Id c.111 m . 1k1· rn·\, la\,·,. ( '1 ,111g t·
{) V<" J t I w n, i-. 1i 11 g l. 1\ \! ', <, 1 ;ihr ii ,.,!1 (·x i , 11 n g

l ,, w'> ;tJJ d ITl ak c ll <'W o n n 1.11 111<'11 pl ,1< <·

Q. 3. How doc 1, Lok Sabha exerci se mon e y powers?

Am. ( 1) L ok S:.ih l1 :1 <'x <·JCi 'i<"'i m<11<' p o w t• , .., tklll Rap a '-la bl1 a 111111 u 111· v 111 :t ll{ ' I \ .

(1i ) OtH<· tl H· Lo k Sr1 hli a p ;1'>'-lt '" th e l>11d g (· t 1J ( tl'w g o,t · 1 1111w111 (> I ;111 y () 1h c· 1 111 1,rn ·y t<' l~11<·d la¼ ,
I hl'. R,,jya "i;.1hh :t ( a m1 u 1 re ject it.

(iii J T he Rajva S,.tlJ/1 ,1 < ;11 1 d el;I\ i t !i v I ·I <lit \.., 01 " " gge \ t < h ,tn g(·"t in it .· I h t Lo k So bb a rrnw or
· , I Ian gt·"·
m ,1 y no 1 ,H< c: pt I I JC ..,<
Q. 4 . H ow docs Lok Sabha e xercise control over the Council of Minis ters?
Aru,. (JJ Lok s;abha omtrc1h 1hc.: c.ou rJCil "/ mini'>ten. j,
/J JJ Jf Ll-w maj,wil ) 1/f the J.ok \ abha rrn:mhe rs ~ay they ha ve ·no rnnfi<l enn:' in the Co u,iul of
\ ·f 1JJi.i,11·1 '>, all mini')t.l'.r<, iTJ( lu<li11g the Prime :'vf inister, ltave to quir..
fiu J ·1 b,: J{aj ya ½,1 bh~1 do<:'> not l1 ave thi 5 rower.
Q. S. Who i.x call ed 'Permane nt Exec utive'?
Ao-, . 111 f'< ·r m;-nw,Jt J-.;,:('<uti\'C· rn t: mht:r'> a, e appoin re d oo a l<Jng-term ha sis. T h e y a re ec.dled
J,t l rnanc.:111 cx r•u JL i, e or< ivi l '>c.: r viu:'> .
<i1) I hq I crna,n in nffi<<· <.:wn wh(' JI tl w I ul ing part y changes.
IJJi J I Jw4,c· ,,ffic c-n 1,·ork 1rn<kr political <.:Xl'.l uti vc amJ a'>~ist tl, ern in carrying ou t <la y-to-day
ad in ini'>t r;Jt i< lll.
Q. 6 . Ho w does th e Preside nt act as an Executive Head?
A rn;. /ii ·r lie Pr<·\1<knt i'> th t'. head of th e ~Late. Jn our po li tical system , the head of th e .<,tat.e exercises
011 1~- n"mi mil powc.:r~.
li1 J J Ii'> f1m, ti,,n ., a rc 10 a large ex te n t ceremoni al.
(iii) ·1 lie.: Prc.:'>i de n t ~11pe1·vi..'>c.:S tl1 c.: ove rall fu nction in g of all the political institutions m the
u,unLr) vJ tlt;Jt tla:y o r e , ate.: in harmon y to ach ieve the o~jecti ves of th e st.ate .
Q. 7. How does Presid e nt give his assent to a bill?
An'>. !i J A hill p a.,v·d b y 1hi: p arli amc.:nt become'> a law on ly after the President gi\'es assent to it.
(ii ) If di e prn idcnt w;ml '> , hc.:/., hc < a n d c.: lay this for som e time and se nd th e h ill back LO th e
p;1rliJ mc11t f<Jr rec <JJ1'> id eration .
1i11 1 B111 if 1] J(' p;u liarne 11 t pa'>'>e~ tlw bill aga in , she/he has LO sign it.
Q. 8. How is th e senior mos t judge of th e Suppreme Court appointed?
Ans . !iJ ·1 lw '> c: 11irn ,n m t j11dgc· r,f tl1<:: S11prc.:1n c: Court is usuall y ap pointed by the Chief justice.
l1i J <J rJ<(· ;i p u v Jll ;., a ppoi n tc.:d ;,., 1]1 (' j11cl gc: ()f Ili c: S uprc-rne C() t1 rt or th e high court~. it 1'\
n carlr i111pn.'> ~il1l <:: l <J J (:rrJ()\'(: l1i rn (J J her fro m t lt a t r ositi u n .
Q. 9 . What is judicial revie w?
Am,. I, , r-/ <:1 ., 1,, 1lw J1'iwc·r ()f j11 d ic ia , y t<, in tc.:rpn· I t I)(' c0 11 ~1 it ut ion a nd to declare.: any lower orde r of
tlw lcgi~br,in· ;ind c·xc:.:r uu vc.: v<Ji cl , if it dr ie!->11't find 111c m in ,1ccorcla ncc wi th the constitu tion o f'
lnd i;1.
Q. J0. Who are the major functionari es in India?
An s. T he major functionaries of our country are :
(i ) T he Presid e nt wlt o i-, th(' l1 c,HI o f tl1 c state.: :.rn<l I !', th e hi ghe-;r for m a l au thorit)· in th e
c<JU JII ry.
(i i) The Prime Mini s te r wli<>is I h e: hea d <J f th e gove rnm ent and one wh o actuall v exercises all
tlw go vc , 11ownt p ow c·1'i . I le t.;ikc.:~ most of th e.: d ecisions in th e ca bine t rneetir;g~ .
(iii) T he Parliament wl1ic h co 1, ._i-,1!'> o f two J lo uscs- Lo k Sabh a and Ra jya Sabha. Th e Prime
\1 ini·il.<·r rn 11s1 bavc rh c.: !-> ttpp< irt o f ;1 majori ty n fth c Lo k Sab ha m embers.
Q. J l . Why had th e Manda! Commission be come a debatable iss ue in India?
An s. • ·1 lw rr<:w'> p ap (· r-, an d maga 1inc-, wen. . f11II <Jf d ifkrc.: nt vie ws and opin io ns on th is is,;u c.
• 11 1,·d tr>wi cl(':,p r<'a d p rot.c:-,1.., a nd co11 n tc.:r-p rn t.csts , so m e of which were violent.
• l'e<iplc re;u tc:d -, tro ng ly beca use this decision riffectecl t hou san d s nf_job op p ortunities.
• Sornc- f<-1 1 1ha t th e c:x istc nc <.: o f incqu ;.i lit ics amo ng people o f different castes in I ndi-a
nc:n:s'iil;Hcrl job reserva ti o ns.
 .. .. . .
• Oth ers wer e of the view that t h IS was unfa ir as 1t wou ld d e n y equa lity of o ppo rtun iry to
. h d"d .
t 110se w o I not belo ng to a b·ac k ware1com mun ity.
.
.
Som e felt that tlus wou ld ham pe1. nat1.o na1 umt y.
.
. What 1s the nee d for poli- tica l inst itut·IOnS .
;i ....-

Q/. . . . ..
· :~ • The gov ernm ent is r~sp.on-SJ·bl e fior e nsur ing secu nty to the c1t1zens and provid ing faci lities
d .
for e ucat 1on and heal th to all. .
;\JJS-

a nd
• It colle cts taxe s and spen ds ti1 e mon ey thus raise d on adm inist ratio n , defenc·e
dev elop men t prog ram mes .
If;
It form ulat es and imp lem ents se,,e i·al we are sc11em es.
•
· ·
.. crac ies. Such
To atte nd to all thes e task s , sev ei•a J a11 ange men ts a re mad e m all m od e rn d emo
ons.
arra nge men ts are calle d Poli tical Inst ituti
s of each insti tutio n in Indi a?
Q. 13. What are the basi c pow ers and func tion
d ecisions.
are insti tutio ns that take all imp orta nt p olicy
Ans. (i) The Prim e Min ister and the Cab inet
taki ng step s
ther with the mini ste rs, are resp onsi ble for
(ii) T~e Civi l Serv ants , who wor k toge
to unp lem ent the min ister s' d ecisi ons.
the coun try,
n whe re disp utes: (a) between citiz ens of
(iii) The Sup rem e Cou rt is an insti tutio gove rnm ents a n d
(c) betw een two or mor e state
(b) betw ee n citiz ens and the gov ernm ent,
are finally settl ed .
(d) betw ee n unio n and state gove rnm ents
not an easy task.
Q. 14. State how wor king with inst ituti ons is
e rs.
latio ns. This can bind the h ands of the lead
Ans. (i) Inst ituti ons invo lve rule s a nd regu
to delays a nd
mitt ees a nd rout ines. This ofte n lead s
(ii) Inst ituti ons, invo lve mee ting s, com
insti tutio ns can be fru strating.
com plic atio ns. The refo re, d ealin g with
useful. T h ey
Som e of the dela ys and com plica tion s intro duced by the insti tutio ns are very
(iii) akin g.
of peop le to be cons ulte d in any d ecision-m
prov ide an opp ortu nity for a wid er set
mak e it
good d ecisions very quic kly, bur they also
(iv) Inst ituti ons mak e it diffi cult to take
deci sion .
equa lly diffi cult to rush thro ugh a bad
Q. 15. What is the role of the Parl iam ent? nt can ch ange
mak ing laws in any coun try. The Parl iame
Ans. (i) Parl iam ent is the fina l auth ority for .
law~ .
ish the exis ting
the exis ting laws , mak e n ew laws or abol men t.
t ke a deci sion only so long as they. enJo y supp ort .of the p arlia
. .
·,·) a . . .
(l The gov ernm ent can and nat10 nal polJCy 111 an y
. . .) . • c f deba te and d1scuss10n on publ ic issue s
(111 It 1s the lugh est 1oru
m o
th th R · s hh a.;i
coun try. bha exer cise mor e pow ers an e. aJya . a .
In wha t way s doe s th e L o
k Sa e betw een
cl by bo th the Hou ses. .But 1fth ere 1s a .diffe renc
law need s toclb e .pass e How eve r, smce the num be r of
Ans. (")1
An y ord mar. y . . take n in a join t sess. wn. . . . .
the final eos1 0n 1s . thei r view or dec1s10n 1s mor e likel y to prev ail.
t h e two H ouse s,
. h Lok Sab ha are mor e, s -n mon ey matt ers. Onc e the Lok Sabh a pass es th e
mem b ers 111 t e
. mor e pow er 1 a cann ot n :ject ir.
exer cise s . mon ey related law, the Rajy a Sabh . .
(ii) The Lok Sab ha . 1
•nt or a n y ot 1e1 d ays or can sugg est chan ges Ill 1t. The Lok Sabh a
bud get of the gove i nme · . b
1 y 14
The Rajy a Sab ha can dela y it on y
cept the chan ge.. f Min iste rs. !fr.h e 1rn1J . . ers
onty of the Lok Sabh a m emb
may or may not ac 1 . . . . . I 1·
. I theC oun c10 , . the Cou ncil of M1rnsters ; all the mm1 sters me u c mg
(iii) The Lok Sab ha con tro sconf iden ce 111 .. .
'
. The Ra jya Sabh a does not have this powe1.
say that they have no .
. . have to quit .
the Prim e M1111 ster, tive in a dem ocra tic country?. . .
. stI·tute the exec u peop le fo1· a speo fic pen od 1s called the
. t d by the
Q. 17. Whi ch two cate gori es con that ,s e 1ec .e sion s fall
. .
m 1:h1s cate gory.
ve: One ' d . ho take big deci
Ans. (i") p i·n· I Exe cuti . ~' Polit ical )ea c rs w
o I ca 307
' poli tical cxec uuv e · Politi cal Scien ce. De111ocra/1c P(ll1t1c~;-I
 lo11g;-1e n11 lia~i~ 11 l h
(ii ) I ·1 re t p )() 1·11 ted n n .i
,
1 . . die c i,·il se n ·a11 1s . l'lin . . .. h
Permanent Executi,·e: In Lh is c 11 cgL>n. pet>p e ·. .' -.
II I . . . ·1 - , ·,ice, . J hL, ,11 L l<.:n1,11
C.1 ec l Ile p e rlll,ll1c'lll e \: eCULl \'t' Or CI\I :,.( I . -- 11· ·e rs 11 o rk ll tHilT llli nis1• · 11
.m u fi-1ee e , e n ,, h e n I h e r ulm. g p :1n Y L·1l,l. ll ,,- ,, l h L'Sl'. !) ll . . l l ~ <Ii I
,:,L- · . le
. t hem .111 ca r r nn
:1~s1st . ()' o u t th e d .1Y-tn-t I·,1,. ,·1cl111i111,1ra1
• 10 n . :i

Q. . . . "' . .
18. \\ hat 1s the importance of c1nl sen,ants 111 rumung . . the governme nt.
,. . ·I . In-,
_ . . .. . . d ha\'C m o re cx p c 1 t k n o 11 n :-,e ol tlw Slihjt·ci
Ans. l.i \ l h e u ni se n ·a nis ar c u :-:u ,dh m o r e L·d11t ,lll d ·111 . •
. . b ih. tc c h iu cal m a tt e rs 1ha 1 co 111 L· 1111 dc.i.
' .. l S . . . . - .. . k 1011· ,·e n · ltll le ,1 o 11 I c .t I ~ c i\'il ,t-rYa n is
, 11 0 1ne um e~. m1m ~ce 1:-. m a , 1
. . . · . II J •sc rn a 11 cr:-. ) \ 1 lL · ' · ·__
t h e ir m1ms1n. b ut ih eY a r e supp o nt·c1 111 ,1 l t c. · • .
. . . . . . . ,fr· , Indus trY. H e alt h . Sc w n cea nd l cchnolorr, "
T his co ul d e as th· h ap p e n 111 m1111s1nes like 1he Ot Ln ee .
\lining . e tc.
Q. 19. How are the Council of Ministers categorised?
Ans. T h e Council of \finist ers a r e classifie d a s fo llo ws :
(i) Cabmet• • •
Mm1sters: -- Ie- t--~ o fth er11lin "o-par1yo r panies11·hoar
1 .h eY a r c u su a lly 1u p - 1t,, .e11 e,1c . . - t•
· • • • · _ , . II , I , ,a b 11
Ill ch a rge of th e m ,~1o r mm1stn e :,.. L s11.1 \ . l 1e
c . 1e t M inis te r s m e e t to la ke clec1s1ons ii1

th e n a m e or
th e Coun cil o f \Iinisins.
·
( 11·) M' 1msters o S tate wit
· f · 11 1n d epen dent Charge·· T· h e y are us11a lh· . e
, in c h a rg or
s maller
· · · -- · · · I 1 · , , t . 1 c>tll )· w h e n th n · a r e Jec,a
SJ lh im ·iiecl.
m1111s1nes . I h eY p a rt1n p;11 c 111 1 1e c1 llnLl mt e 11" (1'
. .

(iii) Ministers of State: The) a rc a ttac h e d to a n d a rc require d to ass is l I h e Cabin e t \l in isLers.

Q. 20. ,vhat powers rest with the P1·ime Minister of India?
Ans. :\.s a h e ad o f th e g0 Yern111e nt. th e Pri111e Ministe r has 11·iclc- rangin g p o we r s :
(i ) H e c h a irs the Cabin e l m ee tin gs.
(ii) H e coor d in a tes the wo rk o r diffe r e nl dep a rt m e n Ls.
(iii) H e supe rvises diffe r e nt minis! ries .
(iv) His d ecisions a r e final in case disagre e m e llls arise b e Lwee n d e partmen ts.
(Y) H e distributes a nd r eclisiributes wo rk Lo th e ministe r s.
(vi) H e a lso has th e p ower to dis miss minis te r s.
\>\1hen the Prime l'v finister quiLs. the e n tire minis try quit s.
Q. 21. How is the President of India elected?
Ans. (i) The Preside nl is n o t e lecte d directl y by th e p eo ple .
(ii) All th e Me mbe r s o r Pa rli a 111e nt (l'vl Ps) a n d l'vlembe r s or S ta te L e g isla ti ve Asse mbli es (ML•\sl
e lect t:h e Pre sid e nl.
(iii) A candidaLe conte sting for th e Pres id e nt 's p o st has to get a m ,~j o riLy o F ,·o t.cs to 11·in the
e lections.
This ens ures Lhat the Pre sid e nt ca n h e see n to r e present Lhe e n ti r e n aLio n .
Q. 22. Does the President exercise his powers on the advice of the Council of Ministers?
Ans. (i) The President. c.111 ask the C o un cil or l'vlinisLe rs to r econside r th e ir ad vice. Bui if th e sa me
advi ce is give n again, he or sh e is b o und lo a c t acco rdin g to it.
(ii) ;\ Uill p a ssed b y th e Pa r lia 1nc 11t b ecomes a law o nl y aft er th e Pre side nt g ive s asse n ! to it. H
1he Pre side111 wa11ts , he or she c.111 se nd hac k !he Uill 1o tlt e Pa rli a m e nt fo r J'l'consid e ration .
Bui if'1he Parliame nt passe s the Bill a g ain, h e or sh e has to sig·n it.
Q. 23. What are the discretionary powers of the President?
OR
How is the Prime Minister elected?
OR

308 Xd111 1rl1•,1 :;nr 1r1l ' ,cwrici : IX

 1h 1-1 111.1 ,11 1 1· - i 1~ /,1/ u Ill/ I•1 11 , ni , I'/ t/ 111,0 11;,, J Jttr'llr 11; f '/N f,;,1 1,1;,
1/;,1;
111 i !llll pn llit1 1,d '• l' ti l1.1 111, 0 ll11 ' · tJH i
1111111 11011 ill lY ,1 111, 11 ll .
nf 1JJ11111H urnl q !lrlllf111ti 1(1 ,~,, i', J , , :r. fJi ,:v tftt,t f fc1t
l l ' ll /(l ,. l)J Ufl / '/ 11~ • ' .
tr, ,
.~
1 " I I
' , j I I /11 I 11 M 1 1 ' , '
11 I I I 11 '1 I I ' ll rl jlj1 11 l1 111, 1111 1, 1111 1,1, 1 W/11 11 •1 / 1•111 1/ 11I 11 1,il1 i 1•r1 , 1; ;,,,1 ·, 1
1 ,_
( II
\11"' 1 l1 •o1 1 iil ,1j11 1 II \ 111 11 11
i •I, 1 11 , , 11 ~ I , 11 II ' I "' I, 1 • 1/ 1/)!i /11/ , ,I ,, / , ,, 1 /1. 1 , ,I ·;,, ; •;,, ·, · , ;,,, •
' I II / I ' 1' / I I I I
f f' ll j/1 '
11111 ,1111 11 111 I 1 I . ' 1,1I , , , 1
111 ll 11'1 11, il 111,1111l 1,i I
1/1 lll ,lj111 11 y .11 ,r
,I 111 ,d //1 1111 /J ·I 11 11 / · 1 1I ' 1,,- I J' •. ' .'.-;•. ' ·
\ \ 11' 11 1111 p 111 I \ J!1 1 ,1 , ' t , ' ' //
1
I ll 111 1•1• 1111 1/
~ ,I Il l r ,,, , ,,, l1 1
pl) ,, •

l1 1•1• .l h ,1 1•f11111 II I' ,1 ,/, I 11 /111 , , •I

r ' ·: ,-, _' , ,
" j// 1l1 /11 1': ,/ ,, /1/111 11, ' ,i f , :11 ,.
1
II ' 1, 11 1d, Ill , /1 1 I I
1

I I I, II I I JI .I ,l~Y i), 1 ,,;,; J',, /, ·1

~lll l j lP I I Ill I 111·
' '
1 '

' ) ,I I I ,I I I '" II II I
I I
,II)/ I I 1' I :;1d , 11I I ,fl/ , , , /1)/
",

~ I 11 w.i , ·1 fl, I, 1" ,,, , ,1 111 ' 11 , 11 11,_,, ,11q 1p •11 I 1/1 II, , I ,I J~ ·,,,l ;l 1,, 1111 /,1, , , ' J. ,, ' ,<', ,, I .. • ,, '
,.,,

I I II I: , , / .. , 1' %'
11 • i'vl1111 •,1, 1 ,1, 11 ~ 111 11 ii 1'1' J ; - / ,
I II 1, I i II I I J' II JI , I • / . ,
1'11 1• !1 1111
1i1i\
f

l , I \t i ' , / I I I Jf

I It •I 1,J f I II' I II ' 111I I 11

I <' 111 :111 1,~ I I II' ( ·, I I Y 11 , 11 I / I 1/ I l1; i/i1 /ti/ I

Whal d,w 11 'l11ilc·1w1ul,·11

1·c• of' ,1•11,fl, ,j,•11,Y• llll 'U II (

I I/ / j f j f 'J l •f , ' , , ,
if 111,d, ·1 I 11 1 fl Iii I .!' f!,I ' , ,, 1111 1 , , , t/1 1
(i) l 'll1· ,I 11d it 1:11 \' i~ Ill I ,, I 11·

. I ii ' l )f t L f,% ~,,I ';:! ' /-;~ ; , , ~ - ',i

d1 1 111 ,1 :1111 , 11 11 w d 11 111 1, 1' .
,. 11 V/ J'/ 1 I 1JI IJ 1., 1) I l lf , 11
H'
(ii) l 'li1 · ,i11d g 1·s
'
1' 1,
(111 • p : 11'I \' Ill j)ll \\1
' ' ;, 1• ,/-:; .{,' , ,:,' ,;':
;,, ,. /{/( J'' /)'' {I ( ,.,. , ' ,;
· I J
·111 ' I f ' I I 11II 11 I I I1;, I
I : 11 l / • 1 1: 1V I ' 1111 ,
(iii) 'l'li:i t is w l1 ) , ;ill 111nd1
1
1

:1il d I lw fo'.x 1·1 111 i v, ·.

lion ofj11<li<' ia1·y' mc,rn i'
Q. 25. Whal docs 'in lcg ra
j;,I ;,d rn 111 ;, 1,:,r;, 1,, 111 t },,; 1
, , , ;, ,·,

Ill< ' S11 p r1 ·1111 · ( :,,111 I , 111111 q f \ tlw j 11 d;,

Ans. It 11w:i11s 111 :11 y , , ;;
y. It 1 ;111 1;,y,1• 1111 ;.,r, :, ,fr 11
g 011 :ill I Ii(' ol ll<' r , 011 r t:, of I 111· , 1111 11 11
an· li i11di11
.c11 s ol Ill< ', 0 11111 r y ;
(i) I H'I W<' l'll Iii< · c i1i1
·111 ;
.\ ;111<1 tll<' go vc r1111H
(ii ) h< ·l wc <·11 c i1i z(: 11
c n1 s ; an d
rno n· s fal <' go vc n11 n
(iii ) be l wc cn l w o or
.
(iv ) lw1 we en I li e II nio
n ;m u sl a 1<.: go v<.:r11 rnc 111.~ ~:-:c
c:--....;, 2.. ;«,:... :-:~ :
a p p<.:a l in civ il a nd u irn in al <a,<:, . It c.an he ar a.pp
II is th e hi g h est co url oJ' -
d ec isi on s or t he hi gh co ur ts.
c Interest Litigation?
Q. 26. What do yo u un de rst an d by Publi \·c: , , 0 proi:ec :. :::.:.. . :.::c
r ts ha ve given se ve ral jud ge me nts an d dir t:cti
Ans. (i) In rec en t ye a rs, the co u ·
hts.
in ter est a nd hu ma n r ig , e:-:--,:r:c:-. :
if pu bli c in te res t is hu rt b~ th e acti o n, o f rte go
ch the co u r ts,
(ii) An yo n e can a pp roa
ter est Li tig atio n .
T his is calle d Pu blic In r w ma ke ce c si " :-'.~
pre ve nt the mi su se of the gO\·er n me m· s pO\\-e
ne to
(iii) T h e co u rts in ter ve lic o ffi cia ls.
es o n th e pa r t of the p ub
Th ey ch ec k m alp rac tic
:i
Q,27. What d oe s ex ec ut ive me an . -to -<l.n decis ions
ve rn me nt, we fi nd fun cti o na ri es \,-- ho tak e daY
Ans. (i) At diffe ren t lev els of a n y go
f th e pe op le .
e m e po we rs o n be ha lf o
bu t d o n o t ex er cis e su pr
ex ec uti \·e.
fun cti o n ar ies are colle cti vely kn mr n as
(ii) All tho se p nli cit.>s ,._1f t he
ca us e th ey are inc h arg e o f th e ·execu tio n· of the
ecu tiv e be
(iii) Th ey a re cal le d ex
go ve rn me nt. ea n ·ex ecm ire· .
we tal k a bo ut 'th e go ve rn m e n t' we usu ally m
Th us, wh e n
Q,2s. 1-Iow are mi nis ter s ap po
int ed ? t ht' I ,,k,
r ty o r th e coa liti on th a t ha s th e m ;~jori t,· in
ua lly fro m the pa
A.ns. (i) T he mi nis te rs ar e us
Sa bh a.
 (.ii \ TI1e Prllllt" Muusre.:- t ~ l"!l..-":' w 1.:b.,<>SK !::JJ.n.nte ~~ IM!.~ ~,.~ kc:, AU-- M ,-'·{i;r,{: , ~ 1,! {-,,fl ,,, ..1,,.
(iii\ 5-Dmetiniles. a penon -,,.ho r.~ :w•: .1. :m:·nibe:· o~ F,1ri!A.C?J:r,, t..../J.l, ~f~1, L ,t11, a1.', ,~ r',~i11:·u . . : ,.

such a p cT5-o n li2~ iro og:e d e1,--.. e<l HJ un.t

L
r;1 d1,e H 1 , J ~ -~ ,;{ t-',.,___ 1.·"',u::,• r, i Lu. :. / ,.-,1.-, -1• •. ,
' / 1., ' ,

appomunem as rn1ni~t t T.
Q. 29. ·who forms the cabinet?
Ans. (i ) Cabinet is for med b.- 1.h e ~op-le-.e'. .eade no! :rH: I ih,~~ > ,1 : 1 :, 1, : r, ,-;1 1:,-: ,, t,1, ,:, ; If , 11, ., , ';_

of the major .inini~1rie~.

(ii) L'suall, rhe cabinet llet't.5 l Q :a ~,__e O <.~i. ~H,-r:~ H1 l!lt:' r;2.n;<:- r, f •r,f:' ( j , i'!, 1 .1 1 / 1 t :(r1~1/ . ~

(iii) Cabinet is tl1u~ th e i:1ner n:1g- 1Ji :b:' c_,.,, '...i.ncl 1A _1,-r uLL-:-ff:1 : f 1.1,n.r, r,~«~, ,! ; ,1 , . .r ,if. ( ~f I
I

m1msters.
Q. 30. What is Impeachment ~'!orion?
Ans. (i ) A judge can be remO\·ed on] ~: o~ an imp't"J..dW~<:'Il'. n r<.11.i~,r,_ 1,~i~1.:rJ ~1:-r,:11;: 1r.,1 ·, : 1 ,,1, -.l,,ri:

members of the l wo H ouses o: :he Parli.amem.

lii) Similarh . wi th impea chment. e,·en Prc~id ent uf l mh:i Ca.r. L<: n · rt, 1 , ·,c 1 i f • t ~ (;;, ~:1-11 ' , ,- 1.1 ,1r,

th e H ouses of Parli.amem b: t'l·:0 -thi rd me rr,.IX:'r} rA rn.;;j11ri1:,

Q. 31. Suppose you are MLA of your area. What value.s wo uld you foll aw tJJ b<'..ienm1:: p,(,p ulat in yr,-M
area?
Ans. (i) Take up communir:, s,ernce.
(ii i Ensure h:·giene.
(iii ) Soh-e warer and elearicil:,· problems.
(iY) Interact Kith people on a regular basis.
(v) Tn to soh-e grie,·ances of people.
Q. 32. You are elected as a civil servant, who is a permanent executive. Wh.a.t vaJ,ue~ w.c, uJd yrJu
idolise to serve as a public servant?
Ans. (i) Follow integrit)··
(ii) Be neutral.
(iii) Make policies oriented in public intere,t.
(iv) Sene people impartiall:,.
(v) Not to be iron-hearted. Impl ement policies with fu ll zeal a nd endea vrJ ur.
Q. 33. A teacher has to organise a mock parliament. She can either hold a mock parliament of Raj ya
Sabha or Lok Sabha. Which one should the teacher choose and why:-
Ans. T he teacher should ch oose to hold a sessio n of Lo k Sabha as it j.., th e: H rJU ',C: (Jf Pe<J pk: . It rt p rc:'icn t.~
people's interests directl y. The go\'e rnm e nt enjoys majori ty in Lok Sabha and J', rc<iprm <;1bk 1.<i
it. The government can be remo ved by pa.'ising a no-confi<lenc.c.: mr1Li o n . Th t:',t.: ar(: rational
grounds for cond ucting a mock session of Lo k Sabha imtead uf Ra jya Sabha.