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Lesson 1 Figures of Speech

General (University of Batangas)

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 Princeton Science Reading
LESSON 1

Figures of Speech
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, learners are expected to:
1. define figurative language;
2. enumerate the different examples of figures of speech and define each;
3. identify the figures of speech used in sentences and different selections;
4. construct sentences using different figures of speech correctly; and
5. recognize the importance of figures of speech in written and oral language.

Introductory Activity
Compare the Pictures
Directions: Observe the given pairs of pictures.

A.

B.

Which pictures are more appealing? Why?

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 Princeton Science Reading
It is more appealing or engaging if there are colors to stories or selections that we read. If the reader can
create mental image because of the words they read on a selection, comprehension is more likely to occur. Thus,
reading will not be boring or too demanding.

Figurative language communicates ideas beyond the ordinary, literal meaning of words. The words in a
figurative expression are not literally true. Rather they create clearer pictures and concepts in the reader’s mind.
Here are the common figures of speech.

A. Simile – It uses direct comparison of two unlike things to achieve an effect. As and like are used to denote the
comparison.
Example: His eyes are deep like the ocean.

B. Metaphor – It makes a direct comparison between two unlike or unrelated things that are shown to have
common characteristics.
Example: My mother is the sun of my life.

C. Personification – It gives human attributes or qualities to inanimate objects.

Example: The forest smiles as it welcomes the villagers to settle down on its lap.

D. Hyperbole – It expresses an overstatement or exaggeration to emphasize a meaning.

Example: I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.

E. Apostrophe – It is a figure of speech in which something absent or nonexistent person or thing is addressed
as if present and capable of understanding.
Example: Hello, darkness, my old friend! I’ve come to talk to you again.

F. Onomatopoeia – It uses words that mimic sounds. They appeal to our sense of hearing and they help bring
description to life.
Example: The snakes hiss, hiss as they crawl back to the thick forest.

G. Alliteration – It occurs when a series of words in a row have the same first consonant sound. There should at
least be two repetitions in a row.
Example: Soft snow falls silently from the sky.

H. Assonance – It is the repetition of identical or similar vowel sound among nearby words.
Example: The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
A. Identify the figure of speech used in each sentence.
1. The old stairway groaned with every step we took.
2. I wandered lonely as a cloud.
3. The wind whispers secrets in my ears.
4. He was a lion in the battlefield.
5. The camel is the ship of the desert.
6. The noise of the children playing is music to his ears.

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 Princeton Science Reading
7. The cookies begged me to eat them.
8. Penny ate a perfect piece of pineapple pie.
9. Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are!
10. There was a fleet of sleeping geese.

Reference/s:
Ananca, A., et.al., (2011). Enjoying Reading 5, Brilliant Creations Publishing Inc., Quezon City. pp. 178, 219-220,
258-259
Garcia, M., et. al., (2016). Crossing Boundaries through English 5, EPHESIANS Publishing Inc., Quezon City. pp. 30-
31, 50-51, 68-69, 299-300, 388-389, 432-433
Javier, J., (2014). The Phoenix World of Reading 5. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City. pp. 182-
185
Belez, M., et. al., (2013). English Navigator, Brown Madonna Press, Inc., Parañaque City. pp. 73-73

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