ANURAG

UNIVERSITY
Venkatapur (V), Ghatkesar(M), Medchal, Telangana

A Report on
Skill-integrated communication laboratory mini project
titled
(Role of Artificial intelligence in Business)

Submitted by
(N.Uday Kiran Redddy)
(HTNO-21EG502111,EEE-A)

Under the supervision of

Mrs. P. Kiranmayee,
In partial fulfilment of the requirement of SILL Labouratory
(2022-2023)
Submitted to
Department of English
ANURAG UNIVERSITY

Head, Department of EEE Head, Department of English

Examiner-I Examiner-II
 DECLARATION

I declare that this report on ENGLISH PROJECT

entitled “COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE AND MANAGERIAL SKILLS”
VIVEKA ELECTRICALS prepared during the academic year 2022-2023
Under the guidance of MR. K. PRAVEEN KUMAR. has been the result of
my own
efforts and it has not been submitted to any other institute or published
any time
before.

Name: N. UDAY KIRAN REDDY

Hall ticket no: 21EG502111

Head of the industry Project coordinator

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

On the very outset of this SKILL INTEGRATED

COMMUNICATION LABOURATORY MINI PROJECT.
I
would like to extend my heartfelt obligation towards all who
helped me in this endeavour. Without their active guidance and
help. I would not have made headway in the project.

I am ineffably indebted to MR.P.KIRANMAYEE (ASSISTANT

PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH ) for the guidance and
encouragement to accomplish the project.

I am even thankful to my team members, for their team work,

support and co-ordination.

Name: N. UDAY KIRAN REDDY

Department: EEE-A
Hall ticket no: 21EG502111
TITLE OF THE REPORT: MANUFACTURING OF PANEL
BOARDS

TEAM LEADER: N. UDAY KIRAN REDDY

(21EG502111)

TEAM MEMBERS:
1) K.SRI VIGNESHWAR(21EG502112)
2) M. MANIRUDH SAI(21EG502114)
3) V. VAMSHI KRISHNA(21EG502123)
4) M. PRAVEEN KUMAR(21EG502125)
5) B. VIVEK(21EG502107)

NAME & LOCATION OF THE INDUSTRY:

VIVEKA ELECTRICALS
Plot no 217/3
Phase-2,IDA Musheerabad,
Hyderabad-500092
 PREVIEW
S.NO TITLE PAGE NO
TITLE: INTRODUCTION DATE:

IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH

English language plays an essential role in our lives as it

helps in communication. It is the main language for
studying any subject all over the world. English is important
for students as it broadens their minds, develops emotional
skills, improve the quality of life by providing job
opportunities.

Moreover, the use of English as an International language is

growing with time because it is the only medium for
communication in many countries. English is also used
widely in the literature and media section to publish books,
most of the writers write in the English language due to the
vast majority of readers know only the English language
and they can describe their ideas best in the English
language.
TITLE: INTRODUCTION DATE:

As we are aware that English language skills depend upon

four core skills. These skills are essential for learning the
English language that is:
 Listening skills: It improves the imagination and
vocabulary of a learner. While listening we used
to visualize the scene and memorize in our
memory.

 Speaking skills: When a learner speaks, he gets to

know his mistakes and he can improve it further.

 Reading skills: Reading a book or a passage helps in

improving the vocabulary and concentration of a
learner.

 Writing skills: When we write we get to know, what

we are writing and do we know the spellings of all
words.
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WHY IT IS IMPORTANT?

 Perfect communication – It is important to speak

effectively. People get impressed by those who have good
communication skills.
 Gain Confidence – If you own good communication skills
then your confidence will automatically be high.
 Achieve your goal early – Effective English language skills
help you meet your career goals quickly.
 Effective personality – When we speak effectively and
with confidence, anyone can get attracted.
 Part of the Global community – English language is a part
of the global world. So, if one knows good English then one
can interact with others.
 Multiple Career Prospects – A person possessing effective
communication skills have more career opportunities than
others.
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There are various ways of improving English language skills, we

discuss a few of them.

 Learn ten new words on a daily basis.

 Try to speak in English with friends and family members.
 Make a list of daily used items in English and try to use
them on a regular basis.
 Watch English news channels, movies, serials, etc. and
they to understand them.
 Read English Magazines, newspapers, novels, etc. The word
you find tough underline and find its meaning in the
dictionary.
 Participate in group discussions, this will give you
confidence.
 Try to make notes on daily the basis or start writing a diary.
 Practice speaking skills for 5 minutes daily in front of the
mirror.
 Practice grammar exercises of noun, verbs, adverbs, idioms,
etc.
  Start thinking in English and write stories to improve
both speaking and writing skills.
 Never feel shy while speaking, no one is perfect. One can
learn only by speaking.
 Make friends who are native English speakers, it will
help you a lot in learning English language skills.

The importance of the English language is wider in education. A

student studies other subjects in the English language only like
Science, Economics, Geography, History etc. if he knows the
general rules of grammar well then the student can easily write
the notes and ace in exams.
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TITLE: RELAVANT VOCABULARY DATE:

As part of English project, we visited to a manufacturing industry, Had a

overlook on the company and a good interaction with people over there.
The people working in the company are skilled and experienced.Their
experience made us to know and learn better. The company is VIVEKA
ELECTRICALS located at musheerabad. This was established by MR.
K. SWAMY SIR in the year 1995.
In this industry, they work on repairing and manufacturing of panel
board. Re winding of panels. Fabrication of PCC and MCC Panels and
internal wiring.
They also told us about various stages of manufacturing the panel
boards as required.
Later,he gave us the information about various processes
that takes place in industry.He explained to us about various
stages in manufacture of manufacturing of panel boards and
wiring of electrical equipments.
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TITLE: RELAVANT VOCABULARY DATE:
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TITLE: RELAVANT VOCABULARY DATE:

In the manufacture unit, people use some relevant vocabulary related

to various processes.

1) LMS 3-ROLLER ROLLING MACHINE

handle is for adjusting different thickness manually.It could roll 1-5mm
thickness, 20-60mm width plain steel plate. Minimum bending diameter is 130 mm ----
it could make smaller clamp.

2) ROLL FOAMING MACHINE

LMS Fire Damper Positive Pressure Air Supply Outlet Production Line is mainly
composed of electric decoiler, leveling – punching – cutting machine, conveyor, roll
forming machine, hydraulic bending system, hydraulic system and PLC control system,
widely used for the mass production of fire damper positive pressure air supply outlet.
It is one of the important production line equipment for fire damper manufacture, with
the advantage of high efficiency and precision, and stable performance.

3) RACK MAKING MACHINE

This machine is used for supermarket, warehouse beam welding, 4 guns，6 guns
and 8 sides with turnover function. High speed and automatic operation.
Racks provide secure upright storage as well as quick and easy upright set-up.

4) SERVO HYDRAULIC MACHINE

The Control Panels are integrated with solid control logic and flawless control by
hardware wiring &programming. The range of Control Panels is highly capable of
distribution of large amounts of power between several components of the distribution
system. Control panel we design base on requirement of machine & process of job by
using PLC, HMI, Servo motor, stepper motor, timers, counter & using various
equipment.
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Tips for Troubleshooting an Electrical Transformer:

Using a multimeter is the best way to test and troubleshoot issues

in the electrical circuit.

1. Start by checking the voltage of the circuit that needs testing.

This step will help you determine the type of light bulb
needed to build your circuit tester.
2. Cut out 2 strips from the AWG 16-gauge wire while ensuring
each one is at least 12 inches long.
3. Use a stripper to remove one-fourth of the outer plastic from
either end of both the wire strips and 1 inch of the outer
plastic from the other two ends. Once this is done, twist the
exposed wire to keep the strands together.
4. Attach the two ends from which you have removed 1/4th inch
of plastic to the terminals of the bulb holder.
5. Insert the light bulb into the holder and attach the remaining
two ends of wire to the terminals that you want to test.
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How to Troubleshoot and Test A Transformer

Transformers play a vital role in electrical appliances. These

devices follow the principle of impedance matching to efficiently
transfer power from one circuit to another while reducing losses.
However, a fault in these transformers can lead to critical
problems for the system's operation. To avoid such risks of
damage or malfunctioning, a proper follow-up of the maintenance
schedule is recommended.

Causes of transformer quality problems

Several factors can cause transformer problems. To test a transformer, the
common problems and their root causes should be identified. Then the
right repair solution can be implemented. Here are some common
transformer problems and their causes to keep in mind when
troubleshooting or replacing a transformer:
Overheating:

 Insulation breakdown: High temperatures can cause an insulation

breakdown, leading to insulation failure. It can also create arcing
conditions that damage connectors and cores. Electric arcing is
when a part of a conductor melts and vaporizes. When the
conductor cools, it contracts and creates an electric arc.
Overheating can happen when high voltages flow through wires or
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conductors - like what happens with transformers with a short

circuit or ground fault.

 Electromagnetic interference: The higher heating caused by the

arcing will increase the electromagnetic interference and
electrostatic voltages in the transformer. Electromagnetic
interference can be caused by the switching of high-frequency
currents, exciting the transformer's core. The interference leads to a
disruption in the electromagnetic field and is often accompanied by
electrostatic voltages.

 Transformer component failure: When a transformer overheats,

the core may become brittle, the insulating oil can dry out and
crack, and the windings can carry excessive currents and melt. In
addition, the operating voltage is higher than usual. This causes
high current stresses, leading to the early failure of components
like bushings and terminal blocks. Read our article on electrical
transformers for more information on the various types of
transformer cores.

Harmonics:

Harmonics are simultaneous disturbances of the primary and secondary

windings. Arcing conditions in the magnetic circuit can cause
electromagnetic interference and electrostatic voltages. They mainly occur
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due to faults in the impedance matching circuit, leading to the loss of both
primary and secondary currents (resulting from either an active or short-
circuit fault). An impedance matching circuit is an electronic circuit that
detects and compensates for the transformer's resistive, inductive, and
capacitive reactance changes. It also minimizes losses due to
electromagnetic interference and can reduce peak currents induced by
harmonics.

Overloading:

Overloading can lead to electrical breakdowns. The voltage and current

levels created by overloading can lead to excessive heating in a
transformer. Overloading occurs when the power supply does not provide
enough capacity to move the required current through a transformer. To
ensure a transformer will not overload, the required transformer capacity
should be calculated. The losses caused by overloading can increase power
supply voltage, which reduces system efficiency and causes overheating.
Read our article on transformer sizing and calculator for more information
on calculating a transformer’s rating and capacity.
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Unbalance:

A transformer can be unbalanced in two conditions:

 Overloaded transformer: Overloading occurs when the current in

one transformer section is much higher than in other areas. It can
cause high temperatures and excessive losses in the insulation,
terminals, and windings. When the transformer is overloaded, it
can generate electromagnetic interference and electrostatic
voltages.

 Underloaded transformer: An under-loaded transformer is likely to

experience a breakdown because of insufficient quiescent power or
loss of power at high loads. A transformer is under-loaded when the
load becomes too small to maintain the amount of energy that the
unit requires. In some cases, the windings and coils can be safe
from damage.
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How to test a transformer

Whether troubleshooting a transformer or replacing one, knowing
how to test a transformer is an integral part of the process. The
three primary tests used to determine the condition of a
transformer are the

 open-circuit test
 short-circuit test
 measurements of winding resistance.

Open-circuit test:
The various components used are:

 B: Auto transformer
 V: Voltmeter
 W: Wattmeter
 A: Ammeter
 T: Transformer under test

An autotransformer is a special type of transformer with a single winding

and is highly effective in producing a regulated voltage. The output of an
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autotransformer can be tapped at various points to produce varied

voltages. The autotransformer is connected to an AC voltage source. The
output of the autotransformer is tapped and connected to the ends of a
voltmeter. Then perform the following steps:

1. Keep the secondary side of the transformer under test open-

circuited.
2. Slowly increase the applied voltage at the primary side till it reaches
the rated voltage of the transformer. Keep checking the voltmeter
during this phase.
3. Once the rated voltage is reached (as indicated on the transformer’s
label), record the readings of all three instruments, namely,
voltmeter, ammeter, and wattmeter.

The ammeter gives the value of no-load current (as the secondary side is
left open-circuited). The voltmeter reading is equal to the voltage induced
on the secondary side of the transformer. The wattmeter reading gives the
value of input power during the test. As the transformer is open-circuited,
there is no current flow on the secondary side. Hence, the wattmeter
reads the magnitude of core losses and copper losses occurring in the
transformer. The no-load current is much less compared to the full-load
current of the transformer; hence, the copper loss due to the no-load
current can be neglected. Therefore, an open-circuit test gives the
magnitude of core losses within the transformer. The core loss magnitude
can be used to determine if there are any issues within the magnetic core
of the transformer.
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Short-circuit test:

The various components used are:

 B: Autotransformer
 V: Voltmeter
 W: Wattmeter
 A: Ammeter
 T: Transformer under test

Perform the following steps to test the transformer:

1. Short circuit the secondary side of the transformer.

2. Apply a low voltage of 7-10 % of the transformer’s rated voltage at
the primary side with the help of an autotransformer. The output
of an autotransformer can be tapped at various points to get
different voltages.
3. Slowly increase the applied voltage until the ammeter and
wattmeter give a reading equal to the transformer’s rated current.
4. Note the readings on the voltmeter, ammeter, and wattmeter.
The ammeter reading gives the primary side equivalent of the
transformer’s full load current. As the applied voltage is very small
compared to the rated voltage of the transformer, core losses can be
taken as negligible. Therefore, a short-circuit test measures the copper
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loss in a transformer. The value of copper loss can be used to determine if

there is an issue with the transformer windings.

Resistance Measurement:

Measurement of a transformer’s winding resistance is essential to

calculate the I2R losses in the transformer. The resistance value can also be
used as a measure to diagnose possible damages.

A simple method to measure the transformer resistance.

 T : Transformer under test. It has an effective inductance and a

resistance value (to be computed during the test)
 R: An external resistance of known value
 V: Voltmeter
 A: Ammeter
 DC: DC voltage source

A known DC value is applied to the circuit, initiating a current flow. The

voltage drop and the test current are measured, and the resistance is
calculated.
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BDV TEST OF TRANSFORMER:

BDV test means Breakdown Voltage Test. It is done for checking the
dielectric strength of the oil of the Transformer. Dielectric strength means
the maximum capacity to withstand voltage of insulating oil. This test
shows the dielectric strength of Transformer oil.

In transformer oil has mainly two purposes, first for insulation, second as
cooling of Transformer core and other winding. So while designing
Transformer oil use in transformer depends on voltage rating. So testing of
oil is done according to voltage rating.

For the purpose of BDV test, oil sample from Transformer is taken in a
Sample Bottle. While taking sample of oil from transformer, Sample bottle
should be flushed well by Transformer oil and oil in Sample bottle should
be vented properly so that atmospheric moisture could not ingress in the
sample oil.

Breakdown Voltage is measured by observing at what voltage, sparking

straits between two electrodes emerged in the oil, separated by specific
gap. Low value of BDV indicates presence of moisture content and
conducting substances in the oil. For measuring BDV of transformer oil,
portable BDV measuring kit is generally available at site. In this kit, oil is
kept in a pot in which one pair of electrodes are fixed with a gap of 2.5 mm
(in some kit it 4 mm) between them.
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Now slowly rising voltage is applied between the electrodes. Rate of rise
of voltage is generally controlled at 2 KV/s and observe the voltage at
which sparking starts between the electrodes. That means at which
voltage dielectric strength of transformer oil between the electrodes has
been broken down. A typical value of BDV Test result for 220 / 6.6 kV
Transformer oil is 65 kV and moisture content should be less than 10 ppm.
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POWER CONTROL CENTRE [ PCC ]:

PCC (Power Control Centre) Panels are used to supervise and control
the voltage and power of the power system. These panels are made of
high- quality raw material and are extremely sturdy in fabrication. Main
power instrument panel which consists of feeder breakers and
provide breakers, monitoring devices and control devices. A reputed pcc
panel manufacturer read all field data received for electrical power panels
are designed.

PCC panels are made from 14/16 SWG CRCA material semi bolted
structure firmly supported. Ensures desired breaking capacities,
temperature rise & IP protection. Enough Space for incoming & outgoing
Cable termination. Outgoing terminals are stud type as per IEC standard.

Power control centre Panels are the most essential part of electrical
system. An industry from where the power of the industry is controlled.
Perfect Products (India) is widely known for premium quality power
distribution board designed and made consistent with the customer
specifications. Best quality switchgear and busbar are used for reliable and
efficient performance.
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All the base plates are neatly mounted with necessary electrical
components to ease the wire routings & wherever necessary PVC
ferrules provided. The component Identification stickers are
provided both on the components & base plates.

Main power control board which consists of feeder breakers and

provide breakers, monitoring devices and control devices. Our
offered panel is very recommended among our clients and
widely utilized in various industries.

Power Control Centre is used for distribution and control of

various power source used in industry. Normally Power Control
Centre's is installed near power source hence fault level is high. It
is designed for fault level 65 KA for 1-sec Busbar system.
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MOTOR CONTROL CENTER(MCC):

MCC panel is known as Accurate motor control centre (MCC) that

assembly of one or more Electrical Component containing MCCB,
Contactor, Overload relay, and MPCB. A motor control centre can include
variable frequency drives, programmable controllers, and metering and
may also be Intelligent Controller (IMCC Panel). MCC Containing Very
Advance Most trusted technology as per IEC standard and Indian standard
with intelligent drawing designs.

Features :

 Firstly Safe
 Secondly Durable
 Thirdly High performance
 Also Sturdy construction and
 Finally Corrosion resistance
 Intelligent and advance features

Protection Level :

Firstly, all indoor panels have protection of IP54 or better even

more all outdoor panels will have protection of IP65 or better.
Secondly, all MCC Panels are made by laser cutting CRCA sheet
and powder coating with 7-Tank process.
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QUOTIONNAIRE:
WHAT TYPE OF MACHINES DOES
INDUSTRY DEAL WITH?
THE INDUSTRY DEALS WITH THE MACHINES
1) TRANSFORMERS
2) MOTORS/ALTERNATORS
3) PCC and MCC PANELS

HOW MANY DAYS WILL IT TAKE TO

REPAIR A TRANSFORMER?
IT TAKES HARDLY 10 DAYS TO REPAIR A TRANSFORMER.
A STAND BY UNTI IS PROVIDED TILL THE TRANSFORMER GETS REPAIRED.

WHAT ARE THE TESTS THAT ARE

CONDUCTED ON TRANSFORMERS?
THE TEST CONDUCTED ON THE TRANSFORMER ARE
1) OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
2) SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
3) BREAK DOWN VOLTAGE TEST
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UNDER WHICH CONDITION THE

MACHINES COME INTO THE INDUSTRY?
THE MACHINE COMES UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS THEY ARE
1) OIL SPILL CASES
2) BREAKDOWN / BREAK OVER VOLTAGE
3) SHORT CIRCUITED CASES
4) WINDING BURN OUTS
5) PANEL BREAKAGE
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